ZX Spectrum NEXT - Vissza a Jövőbe?
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A Brief History of the Russian Spectrum Demoscene
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN Allegedly, engineers from the Ukrainian city Lvov, were the first to succeed with this challenge and built a working machine SPECTRUM DEMOSCENE in August 1985. Their own designed schematics became very BY ELFH OF INWARD AND CYBERPUNKS UNITY valuable information, so they could trade it to the researchers in other cities for knowledge on other topics. Still, this remained Relations between Soviet Russia and computers were always nents – more than 200 to be precise. This fact complicated the unknown to the wider public and only a limited amount of peo- a bit obscure, especially when it comes to foreign models that possibility for average Radio readers to build the “Micro-80”, ple actually knew about the existence of a cheap home com- were not officially imported here. But, if one wants to trace the because a lot of elements were hard to find in normal stores, puter with colourful graphics, which any Radio amateur could roots of the Russian demoscene, especially on the Spectrum, and in most cases could only be found on the black market. easily build at home. For example, in 1986 “Radio” magazine you must dig deep into the 1980’s, when the first generation of was still publishing the schematics of the Radio-86RK compu- radio amateurs built their first machines themselves. ter, which consisted of 29 parts, but had only a black and white A LOT OF ELEMENTS WERE HARD text mode display. CONTRABAND COMPUTERS TO FIND IN NORMAL STORES, ONLY The main role in this development was played by a very popu- ON THE BLACK MARKET Despite this, it first became a very popular machine in Rus- lar magazine named “Radio”, which gathered a lot of talented sia. -
Computers&Electronics
Computers&Electronics EPTEMBER 1983 formerly Popular Electronics $1 75 Improving Timex/Sinclair Data -Tape Loading Sony's New Personal Desktop Computer System Computerized Video Drawings Made Easy One -Shot Testing of Multiple Circuit Points 11-11,.# 1 1 1 .\\I. 1 r1 I A i f - .... f-7'I '1TTTT7 . II 1 ] _P .I- P _ 1 110S6 t!J OtJI1ndn7 210 OCOr131121nW 0519 0 N21060 é't 113N)121y0 1 o 1,873O OTbT T60W0S19 )1210 260i0^z view 140 14 7 1t ating System Simplified BUY A BANANA. SAVE A BUNCH. Meet the Banana',"the very business reports, etc.) tractor tough, versatile, portable, and feed (for precise alignment and reliable dot-matrix printer from quick loading), parallel or serial Gorilla:" interface (take your pick), self - At $249.95 retail it's an ideal inking ribbon cassette (for long and inexpensive companion for life and easy installation), 10 personal computers like Apple portable pounds in weight, and (or Apple"look alikes'such as compatibility with so many of the Franklin""orAlbern, most popular personal computers Commodore; "I'll S-80,` Kaypro;" on the market. Timex," Osborne;'etc. Plus its print head features a After that, it's merely com- unique single -hammer design that parable to other printers that can eliminates a lot of moving parts, to cost up to three times as much: eliminate a lot of annoying repairs. 10" carriages (to handle standard That's the Banana: silly name, 9'/2" paper), 80 columns, graphics serious service. It's everything capability, 10 characters per inch the expensive dot-matrix printers (expandable to 5 cpi) draft -quality are.. -
Newsoft PDF Module
II^Ü ^il II .III*.- •1""" [ v Hintergrundstory Sir Clive Sinclair Sir Clive Miles Sinclair wurde 1940 in London geboren und verließ die Schule im Alter von 17 Jahren, um Redaktionsassistent bei einer Zeitschrift namens "Prac- tical Wireless" {Radiopraxis) zu werden, für die er schon während seiner Schul zeit zu schreiben begonnen hatte. Außerdem schrieb er während der vier Jahre, in denen er bei IPC (International Publishing Company, Verlagshaus der oben genannten Zeitschrift) war, 17 Bücher, hauptsächlich für eine Firma namens Berners. Darunter waren verschiedene Bücher über elektronische Schaltkreise mit Micro-Alloy-Transistoren. 1962 gründete er eine Firma namens Sinclair Radionics. Er verkaufte Tran sistoren, die er von Plesseys gekauft hatte und deren Werte nicht garantiert wur den. Bevor er sie weiterverkaufte, prüfte er sie und teilte sie nach Farben ein. Seine nächste Idee war, einen kleinen Transistor-Verstärker zu entwerfen (2x2x1 cm). Damit sollte man für 1,50 (ca. DM 6,-) eine Verstärkung von 1.000.000 Mal aus den verwendeten Transistoren herausholen können. 127 Als die Firma größer wurde, bezog sie einen neuen Sitz, eine alte Mühle in St. Ives Cambridge. Sie expandierte weiter und produzierte verschiedene Bau 1979 trennte sich Sinclair von Sinclair Radionics und dem NEB, da diese sätze, darunter einen FM-Tuner (damals das kleinste Transistoren-Radio) und ein sich (mit einigen der ersten digitalen Multimetern) auf wissenschaftliche Instru Micro-Fernseh gerat, das aber nie voll zur Produktion gelangte. Er war mehrmals mente spezialisieren wollten, er aber sich mehr für kommerzielle Produkte Erster, einmal mit dem ersten wirklichen Taschenrechner, dem Executive. Der interessierte. Er übernahm die Leitung der Firma Science of Cambridge mit Sitz Umsatz der Firma zu jenem Zeitpunkt ging bereits in die Millionen Pfund. -
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It the Harvard Community Has
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Jonathan L. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet -- And How to Stop It (Yale University Press & Penguin UK 2008). Published Version http://futureoftheinternet.org/ Accessed February 18, 2015 9:54:33 PM EST Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455262 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms- of-use#LAA (Article begins on next page) YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page i The Future of the Internet— And How to Stop It YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page ii YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iii The Future of the Internet And How to Stop It Jonathan Zittrain With a New Foreword by Lawrence Lessig and a New Preface by the Author Yale University Press New Haven & London YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iv A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. The cover was designed by Ivo van der Ent, based on his winning entry of an open competition at www.worth1000.com. Copyright © 2008 by Jonathan Zittrain. All rights reserved. Preface to the Paperback Edition copyright © Jonathan Zittrain 2008. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
Electronics-Today-19
','Ïii'l'iiIi'I.i ANUARY 198160p High -Quality FM Tuner Project Universal Digital Tacho Computer Interface - Micro to Mainframe! Astable Design - A Fresh Approach 94999 8K ON BOARD MEMORY! 2 MICROPROCESSORS 5K RAM. 3K ROM or 4K RAM, 4K ROM (link Z80 the powerful CPU with 158 instruction, including selectable). Kit supplied with 3K RAM, 3K ROM. all 78 of the 8080, controls the MM57109 number System expandable for up to 32K memory. cruncher. Functions include +, - /, squares, roots, logs9xponenti , trig functions, inverses etc. 2 KEYBOARDS! Range 10- to 9 x 19 to .8 figures plus 2 exponent 56 Key alphanumeric keyboard for entering high level digits. language plus 16 key Hex pad for easy entry of machine code. EFFICIENT OPERATION Why waste valuable memory on sub routines for GRAPHICS! numeric processing? The number cruncher handles 64 character graphics option - includes everything internally! transistor symbols! Only £18.20 extra! MEMORY MAPPED high resolution VDU circuitry RESIDENT BASIC using discrete with extended mathematical capability. Only TTL for extra flexibility. Has its 2K own 2K memory used but more. powerful memory to give 32 lines for 64 characters. than most 8K Basics! - KANSAS CITY low error rate tape interface. 1K MONITOR resident in EPROM. PSI comp 80 SINGLE BOARD DESIGN Even keyboards and power supply Z80 Based powerful circuitry on the superb quality double scientific computer sided plated through -hole PCB. design as published in WIRELESS WORLD COMPLETE KIT Cabinet size 19.0"x15.7"x3.3". NOW ONLY Television not included in price. The kit for this outstandingly practical design by John £225 + VAT Adams published in a series of articles in Wireless World really is complete. -
2005 Editoriale
Periodico di informazione sul mondo Sinclair e Spectrum Rivista N. 10 Speciale Estate 2005 (Luglio - Agosto 2005) Copyleft 2004 - 2005 Stefano Guida autore ed editore In questo numero: Editoriale 1 - Varese 8 - Nuovi giochi Retrocomputing 2005 8 - Nuova Newel Vista la pressante richiesta di un questa stessa rivista. Ecco mero, non ha permesso al sotto- 2 - Amstrad: lo ZX nel telefono 9 - Quanti pc sono numero estivo da parte di molti quindi cari amici un buon diver- scritto di inserire l'intervista ai imparentati con lo ZX? 3 - ZX calc e program- lettori impazienti di attendere sivo da leggere traquillamente "democoders" italiani di Officine mazione numerica 9 - Biturbo 3 Agosto prima di poter gustare sotto l'ombrellone d'estate: una Oniriche che sicuramente molti 4 - Sam Coupe' 9 - Vignetta, il clone del con piacere la lettura di un edizione ricca di notizie come avrebbero gradito, ma non dis- mese, sul prossimo 5 - Transputer? numero, ringraziamenti nuovo numero ed in particolar sempre, curiosita' e informazioni perate perche' saranno sicura- 6 - Lo ZX a Mantova modo della cronaca dell'evento che ruotano attorno alla pas- mente presenti sul prossimo piu' importante degli ultimi mesi sione nostalgica che ci ac- numero che uscira' a fine Set- 6 - Shaos ci riprova! (ovvero Varese Retrocom- comuna. Grande risalto e ampio tembre. Niente magliette in 6 - Piccolo angolo di puting 2005) ho deciso di antici- spazio e' stato dedicato appunto regalo come Special Program poesia pare i tempi diversamente da al meeting di Varese ma, la ma un augurio di buona lettura e 6 - Trasmissioni radio quanto riportato precedente in fretta di pubblicare questo nu- buona vcanza!!! S.G. -
Developing for the ZX-Uno
MANUAL Author: Manu (April 2016) Last major revision: Uto (July 2016) Last minor revision: 1024MAK (September 2016) Send your feedback to @uto_dev o utodev en gmail.com DISCLAIMER: PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ANY INFORMATION YOU MAY FIND IN THIS MANUAL MAY BE INACCURATE, MISLEADING AND EVEN DANGEROUS. USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK. THIS MANUAL IS NOT ENDORSED OR RELATED WITH THE ZX-UNO TEAM. Contents Part I - Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4 What is the ZX-Uno? ............................................................................................................. 4 Fast setup ............................................................................................................................... 5 Preparing the SD card ............................................................................................................ 8 Loading games ....................................................................................................................... 8 Compatibility issues ............................................................................................................... 8 Part II – Technical Guide ...................................................................................................... 10 Connections and peripherals ................................................................................................ 10 TV or display unit ........................................................................................................... -
Aboard the Impulse Train: an Analysis of the Two- Channel Title Music Routine in Manic Miner Kenneth B
All aboard the impulse train: an analysis of the two- channel title music routine in Manic Miner Kenneth B. McAlpine This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40869-015-0012-x All Aboard the Impulse Train: An analysis of the two-channel title music routine in Manic Miner Dr Kenneth B. McAlpine University of Abertay Dundee Abstract The ZX Spectrum launched in the UK in April 1982, and almost single- handedly kick-started the British computer games industry. Launched to compete with technologically-superior rivals from Acorn and Commodore, the Spectrum had price and popularity on its side and became a runaway success. One area, however, where the Spectrum betrayed its price-point was its sound hardware, providing just a single channel of 1-bit sound playback, and the first-generation of Spectrum titles did little to challenge the machine’s hardware. Programmers soon realised, however, that with clever machine coding, the Spectrum’s speaker could be encouraged to do more than it was ever designed to. This creativity, borne from constraint, represents a very real example of technology, or rather limited technology, as a driver for creativity, and, since the solutions were not without cost, they imparted a characteristic sound that, in turn, came to define the aesthetic of ZX Spectrum music. At the time, there was little interest in the formal study of either the technologies that support computer games or the social and cultural phenomena that surround them. This retrospective study aims to address that by deconstructing and analysing a key turning point in the musical life of the ZX Spectrum. -
Jonathan Zittrain's “The Future of the Internet: and How to Stop
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Jonathan L. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet -- And How to Stop It (Yale University Press & Penguin UK 2008). Published Version http://futureoftheinternet.org/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455262 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page i The Future of the Internet— And How to Stop It YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page ii YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iii The Future of the Internet And How to Stop It Jonathan Zittrain With a New Foreword by Lawrence Lessig and a New Preface by the Author Yale University Press New Haven & London YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iv A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. The cover was designed by Ivo van der Ent, based on his winning entry of an open competition at www.worth1000.com. Copyright © 2008 by Jonathan Zittrain. All rights reserved. Preface to the Paperback Edition copyright © Jonathan Zittrain 2008. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
2005 Editoriale
Periodico di informazione sul mondo Sinclair e Spectrum Rivista N. 10 Speciale Estate 2005 (Luglio - Agosto 2005) Copyleft 2004 - 2005 Stefano Guida autore ed editore In questo numero: Editoriale 1 - Varese 8 - Nuovi giochi Retrocomputing 2005 8 - Nuova Newel Vista la pressante richiesta di un questa stessa rivista. Ecco mero, non ha permesso al sotto- 2 - Amstrad: lo ZX nel telefono 9 - Quanti pc sono numero estivo da parte di molti quindi cari amici un buon diver- scritto di inserire l'intervista ai imparentati con lo ZX? 3 - ZX calc e program- lettori impazienti di attendere sivo da leggere traquillamente "democoders" italiani di Officine mazione numerica 9 - Biturbo 3 Agosto prima di poter gustare sotto l'ombrellone d'estate: una Oniriche che sicuramente molti 4 - Sam Coupe' 9 - Vignetta, il clone del con piacere la lettura di un edizione ricca di notizie come avrebbero gradito, ma non dis- mese, sul prossimo 5 - Transputer? numero, ringraziamenti nuovo numero ed in particolar sempre, curiosita' e informazioni perate perche' saranno sicura- 6 - Lo ZX a Mantova modo della cronaca dell'evento che ruotano attorno alla pas- mente presenti sul prossimo piu' importante degli ultimi mesi sione nostalgica che ci ac- numero che uscira' a fine Set- 6 - Shaos ci riprova! (ovvero Varese Retrocom- comuna. Grande risalto e ampio tembre. Niente magliette in 6 - Piccolo angolo di puting 2005) ho deciso di antici- spazio e' stato dedicato appunto regalo come Special Program poesia pare i tempi diversamente da al meeting di Varese ma, la ma un augurio di buona lettura e 6 - Trasmissioni radio quanto riportato precedente in fretta di pubblicare questo nu- buona vcanza!!! S.G. -
Buses Start Rolling
7 Long Form 8 International 14 Sport The curse of S Sudan sends more Five-star Bayern the two-thirds troops to retake win Club World ashpoint town Cup Poush 9, 1420 Safar 19, 1435 Regd. No. DA 6238 Vol 1 No 269 MONDAY, DECEMBER 23, 2013 www.dhakatribune.com SECOND EDITION 20 pages | Price: Tk10 More buses start rolling Army, joint forces providing support to vehicular movement n Mohammad Jamil Khan and safer, hearing that the police are giving Abu Hayat Mahmud security and the army are patrolling the streets.” The ow of vehicles on highways and A nine-member monitoring cell has the capital’s streets returned to almost been formed to ensure smooth bus normal yesterday, the second day of transit under Deputy Inspector General the opposition’s 83-hour blockade pro- of Highway Police Asaduzzaman. The gramme. team will instruct local administrations An increased number of intercity accordingly in case of any emergency. and intra-city passenger buses were Private bus services and that seen operating on the streets and high- of the Bangladesh Road Transport ways under police protection. Corporation will start operating from Army was also seen providing secu- today across the country except a rity and guidance for smooth vehicular few districts such as Bogra, Rajshahi movement in some places, including and Sirajganj. BRTC Chairman Jashim Jatrabari in the capital and Mirersarai Uddin Khan told the Dhaka Tribune that in Chittagong. the corporation had made the decision Transport workers, however, at a meeting of the communication said the presence of passengers had ministry. -
OF the 1980S
THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s 23 THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s First published in 2021 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing Director Editors Russell Barnes Phil King, Simon Brew Sub Editor Design Nicola King Critical Media Illustrations CEO Sam Alder with Brian O Halloran Eben Upton ISBN 978-1-912047-90-1 The publisher, and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in this book. Except where otherwise noted, the content of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Contents Introduction. 6 Research Machines 380Z. 8 Commodore PET 2001. 18 Apple II. 36 Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81. 46 Commodore VIC-20 . 60 IBM Personal Computer (5150). 78 BBC Micro . 90 Sinclair ZX Spectrum. 114 Dragon 32. 138 Commodore 64. 150 Acorn Electron . .166 Apple Macintosh . .176 Amstrad CPC 464. 194 Sinclair QL . .210 Atari 520ST. 222 Commodore Amiga. 234 Amstrad PCW 8256. 256 Acorn Archimedes . .268 Epilogue: Whatever happened to the British PC? . .280 Acknowledgements . 281 Further reading, further viewing, and forums. 283 Index . .286 The chapters are arranged in order of each computer’s availability in the UK, as reflected by each model’s date of review in Personal Computer World magazine. Introduction The 1980s was, categorically, the best decade ever. Not just because it gave us Duran Duran and E.T., not even because of the Sony Walkman.