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A Brief History of the Russian Spectrum Demoscene
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN Allegedly, engineers from the Ukrainian city Lvov, were the first to succeed with this challenge and built a working machine SPECTRUM DEMOSCENE in August 1985. Their own designed schematics became very BY ELFH OF INWARD AND CYBERPUNKS UNITY valuable information, so they could trade it to the researchers in other cities for knowledge on other topics. Still, this remained Relations between Soviet Russia and computers were always nents – more than 200 to be precise. This fact complicated the unknown to the wider public and only a limited amount of peo- a bit obscure, especially when it comes to foreign models that possibility for average Radio readers to build the “Micro-80”, ple actually knew about the existence of a cheap home com- were not officially imported here. But, if one wants to trace the because a lot of elements were hard to find in normal stores, puter with colourful graphics, which any Radio amateur could roots of the Russian demoscene, especially on the Spectrum, and in most cases could only be found on the black market. easily build at home. For example, in 1986 “Radio” magazine you must dig deep into the 1980’s, when the first generation of was still publishing the schematics of the Radio-86RK compu- radio amateurs built their first machines themselves. ter, which consisted of 29 parts, but had only a black and white A LOT OF ELEMENTS WERE HARD text mode display. CONTRABAND COMPUTERS TO FIND IN NORMAL STORES, ONLY The main role in this development was played by a very popu- ON THE BLACK MARKET Despite this, it first became a very popular machine in Rus- lar magazine named “Radio”, which gathered a lot of talented sia. -
Computers&Electronics
Computers&Electronics EPTEMBER 1983 formerly Popular Electronics $1 75 Improving Timex/Sinclair Data -Tape Loading Sony's New Personal Desktop Computer System Computerized Video Drawings Made Easy One -Shot Testing of Multiple Circuit Points 11-11,.# 1 1 1 .\\I. 1 r1 I A i f - .... f-7'I '1TTTT7 . II 1 ] _P .I- P _ 1 110S6 t!J OtJI1ndn7 210 OCOr131121nW 0519 0 N21060 é't 113N)121y0 1 o 1,873O OTbT T60W0S19 )1210 260i0^z view 140 14 7 1t ating System Simplified BUY A BANANA. SAVE A BUNCH. Meet the Banana',"the very business reports, etc.) tractor tough, versatile, portable, and feed (for precise alignment and reliable dot-matrix printer from quick loading), parallel or serial Gorilla:" interface (take your pick), self - At $249.95 retail it's an ideal inking ribbon cassette (for long and inexpensive companion for life and easy installation), 10 personal computers like Apple portable pounds in weight, and (or Apple"look alikes'such as compatibility with so many of the Franklin""orAlbern, most popular personal computers Commodore; "I'll S-80,` Kaypro;" on the market. Timex," Osborne;'etc. Plus its print head features a After that, it's merely com- unique single -hammer design that parable to other printers that can eliminates a lot of moving parts, to cost up to three times as much: eliminate a lot of annoying repairs. 10" carriages (to handle standard That's the Banana: silly name, 9'/2" paper), 80 columns, graphics serious service. It's everything capability, 10 characters per inch the expensive dot-matrix printers (expandable to 5 cpi) draft -quality are.. -
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It the Harvard Community Has
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Jonathan L. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet -- And How to Stop It (Yale University Press & Penguin UK 2008). Published Version http://futureoftheinternet.org/ Accessed February 18, 2015 9:54:33 PM EST Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455262 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms- of-use#LAA (Article begins on next page) YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page i The Future of the Internet— And How to Stop It YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page ii YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iii The Future of the Internet And How to Stop It Jonathan Zittrain With a New Foreword by Lawrence Lessig and a New Preface by the Author Yale University Press New Haven & London YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iv A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. The cover was designed by Ivo van der Ent, based on his winning entry of an open competition at www.worth1000.com. Copyright © 2008 by Jonathan Zittrain. All rights reserved. Preface to the Paperback Edition copyright © Jonathan Zittrain 2008. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
Electronics-Today-19
','Ïii'l'iiIi'I.i ANUARY 198160p High -Quality FM Tuner Project Universal Digital Tacho Computer Interface - Micro to Mainframe! Astable Design - A Fresh Approach 94999 8K ON BOARD MEMORY! 2 MICROPROCESSORS 5K RAM. 3K ROM or 4K RAM, 4K ROM (link Z80 the powerful CPU with 158 instruction, including selectable). Kit supplied with 3K RAM, 3K ROM. all 78 of the 8080, controls the MM57109 number System expandable for up to 32K memory. cruncher. Functions include +, - /, squares, roots, logs9xponenti , trig functions, inverses etc. 2 KEYBOARDS! Range 10- to 9 x 19 to .8 figures plus 2 exponent 56 Key alphanumeric keyboard for entering high level digits. language plus 16 key Hex pad for easy entry of machine code. EFFICIENT OPERATION Why waste valuable memory on sub routines for GRAPHICS! numeric processing? The number cruncher handles 64 character graphics option - includes everything internally! transistor symbols! Only £18.20 extra! MEMORY MAPPED high resolution VDU circuitry RESIDENT BASIC using discrete with extended mathematical capability. Only TTL for extra flexibility. Has its 2K own 2K memory used but more. powerful memory to give 32 lines for 64 characters. than most 8K Basics! - KANSAS CITY low error rate tape interface. 1K MONITOR resident in EPROM. PSI comp 80 SINGLE BOARD DESIGN Even keyboards and power supply Z80 Based powerful circuitry on the superb quality double scientific computer sided plated through -hole PCB. design as published in WIRELESS WORLD COMPLETE KIT Cabinet size 19.0"x15.7"x3.3". NOW ONLY Television not included in price. The kit for this outstandingly practical design by John £225 + VAT Adams published in a series of articles in Wireless World really is complete. -
Developing for the ZX-Uno
MANUAL Author: Manu (April 2016) Last major revision: Uto (July 2016) Last minor revision: 1024MAK (September 2016) Send your feedback to @uto_dev o utodev en gmail.com DISCLAIMER: PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ANY INFORMATION YOU MAY FIND IN THIS MANUAL MAY BE INACCURATE, MISLEADING AND EVEN DANGEROUS. USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK. THIS MANUAL IS NOT ENDORSED OR RELATED WITH THE ZX-UNO TEAM. Contents Part I - Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4 What is the ZX-Uno? ............................................................................................................. 4 Fast setup ............................................................................................................................... 5 Preparing the SD card ............................................................................................................ 8 Loading games ....................................................................................................................... 8 Compatibility issues ............................................................................................................... 8 Part II – Technical Guide ...................................................................................................... 10 Connections and peripherals ................................................................................................ 10 TV or display unit ........................................................................................................... -
Graph Decomposition in Routing and Compilers
Graph Decomposition in Routing and Compilers Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt beim Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität in Frankfurt am Main von Philipp Klaus Krause aus Mainz Frankfurt 2015 (D 30) 2 vom Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität als Dissertation angenommen Dekan: Gutachter: Datum der Disputation: Kapitel 0 Zusammenfassung 0.1 Schwere Probleme effizient lösen Viele auf allgemeinen Graphen NP-schwere Probleme (z. B. Hamiltonkreis, k- Färbbarkeit) sind auf Bäumen einfach effizient zu lösen. Baumzerlegungen, Zer- legungen von Graphen in kleine Teilgraphen entlang von Bäumen, erlauben, dies zu effizienten Algorithmen auf baumähnlichen Graphen zu verallgemeinern. Die Baumähnlichkeit wird dabei durch die Baumweite abgebildet: Je kleiner die Baumweite, desto baumähnlicher der Graph. Die Bedeutung der Baumzerlegungen [61, 113, 114] wurde seit ihrer Ver- wendung in einer Reihe von 23 Veröffentlichungen von Robertson und Seymour zur Graphminorentheorie allgemein erkannt. Das Hauptresultat der Reihe war der Beweis des Graphminorensatzes1, der aussagt, dass die Minorenrelation auf den Graphen Wohlquasiordnung ist. Baumzerlegungen wurden in verschiede- nen Bereichen angewandt. So bei probabilistischen Netzen[89, 69], in der Bio- logie [129, 143, 142, 110], bei kombinatorischen Problemen (wie dem in Teil II) und im Übersetzerbau [132, 7, 84, 83] (siehe Teil III). Außerdem gibt es algo- rithmische Metatheoreme [31, -
Alchnews Z88 USER
AlchNews and Z88 USER Issue 36, MAY 2001 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: SPRINTER—21ST CENTURY SPECTRUM THE “LINX PC” : THE Z88’S MISSING BROTHER? SIMON GOODWIN’S SERIAL CONNECTIONS PART 2 +3 SOUND DISTORTION CURE KEN BEER’S BACK TO BASICS 1 INDEX ISSUE 36 3. EDITORIAL. 4. NEWS & VIEWS. 7. GACs THE WAY TO DO IT. An intro. To our new series on GAC. 8. THE LINX PC. Documents relating to a German version of the Z88. 13. TRADING POST. Squeezed in early. 14. HARDWARE: Curing sound distortion. A guide to repairing the faulty sound in certain +3s. 16. SPRINTER. A comprehensive and in-depth look at what is being hailed as the 21st century Spectrum, written by the designer himself. 25. SERIAL CONNECTIONS. The second part of an ingenious RS232 handshaking system by Simon Goodwin and Mark Swift. 28. BACK TO BASICS. Ken Beer looks at graphics. 30. A MINER TRIAD. Richard Hallas takes us through the wonder of the in game music of Manic Miner and Jet Set Willy. 35. HINTS & TIPS. A mini helping from Jack Lawrie. 36. W.N. RICHARDSON ADVERT. Credits Big thanks to the following contributors: PETERS PLUS LTD. For their SPRINTER info. YERZMEYEY for bringing it to us! (and all the latest news and demos) DENNIS GRONING for letting us know of the LINX PC. MIKE LEE and his article on curing +3 sound problems. SIMON GOODWIN for his serial article and QL and Amiga support. RICHARD HALLAS for his great article on Matt Smith’s music JACK LAWRIE and KEN BEER for their excellent contributions. -
Jonathan Zittrain's “The Future of the Internet: and How to Stop
The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Jonathan L. Zittrain, The Future of the Internet -- And How to Stop It (Yale University Press & Penguin UK 2008). Published Version http://futureoftheinternet.org/ Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4455262 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page i The Future of the Internet— And How to Stop It YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page ii YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iii The Future of the Internet And How to Stop It Jonathan Zittrain With a New Foreword by Lawrence Lessig and a New Preface by the Author Yale University Press New Haven & London YD8852.i-x 1/20/09 1:59 PM Page iv A Caravan book. For more information, visit www.caravanbooks.org. The cover was designed by Ivo van der Ent, based on his winning entry of an open competition at www.worth1000.com. Copyright © 2008 by Jonathan Zittrain. All rights reserved. Preface to the Paperback Edition copyright © Jonathan Zittrain 2008. Subject to the exception immediately following, this book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. -
Issue #1 August 2015 Zxzine Table of Contents
zxzine Issue #1 August 2015 zxzine table of contents Published by: Timothy Swenson [email protected] [email protected] Editorial .......................... 1 ZXzine is published as a service to the Sinclair ZX81 community. Writers are invited to submit articles for publication. Readers The ZX80 and ZX81 are invited to submit article In The USA ........................... 1 ideas. Created using Open Source Tools: Plotting with Z88dk ........................... 5 OpenOffice Scribus Gimp SZ81 EightyOne ZX81 BASIC Compilers ........................... 6 Copyright 2015 Timothy Swenson Drawing a Line ........................... 8 Creative Commons License Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike Astronomical Algorithms On You are free: The ZX81 ........................... 9 To copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. MicroSync Services ........................... 10 To make derivitive works. To redistribute the work. Editorial doing right. Ideas for article is invited, along with articles themselves. The topics of articles can be I've been a ZX81 user since the first was advertised anything that is ZX81 related. I'm hoping that the in the United States and used it for a number of ZX81 community will find the ezine interesting, years, including using it as much as I could in my entertaining and useful. first two years of college. Eventually moved on to the QL, but still liked the ZX81. A few years ago, I had the programming itch and decided to do a little The ZX80 and ZX81 assembly programming using emulators and ZX81 in the USA cross assemblers. Since then I've touched on C with Z88dk. What I like about the ZX81 is that I don't Sinclair Research Limited have to spend any time worrying about the user interface or making the program pretty. -
Vasm Assembler System
vasm assembler system Volker Barthelmann, Frank Wille June 2021 i Table of Contents 1 General :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.1 Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.2 Legal :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 1.3 Installation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 2 The Assembler :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.1 General Assembler Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.2 Expressions :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.3 Symbols ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7 2.4 Predefined Symbols :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7 2.5 Include Files ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.6 Macros::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.7 Structures:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.8 Conditional Assembly :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 8 2.9 Known Problems ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.10 Credits ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.11 Error Messages :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 3 Standard Syntax Module ::::::::::::::::::::: 13 3.1 Legal ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13 3.2 Additional options for this module :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13 3.3 General Syntax ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13 3.4 Directives ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 3.5 Known Problems:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -
Didaktik Gama 192 Editoriale
Periodico di informazione sul mondo Sinclair e Spectrum N°4 Agosto - Settembre 2004 Copyleft 2004 Stefano Guida autore ed editore In questo numero: 1 - Didaktik Gama 192 Editoriale 2 - Spectrum... di sinistra? L'estate e' arrivata e come tutti Didaktik Gama che e' l'occasione come sempre per 2 - ZX81 gli anni, in questo periodo, le disponibile ad una cifra piuttosto ricordare a tutti voi che se volete 3 - Compatibilita' ZX Spectrum notizie e le novità ovviamente modica; ci sara' uno spazio scrivere un articolo per questa e altri cloni scarseggiano per poi riprendere dedicato alle curiosità alcune rivista potete farlo inviandolo 3 - Sir Clive ci riprova a pieno ritmo all'inizio delle quali anche divertenti, all'indirizzo: dell'autunno. articoli presi da internet e [email protected] . 3 - Vinili per Spectrum In questo numero affronteremo addirittura uno scritto da un Verrà pubblicato sul prossimo quindi gli argomenti che in appassionato lettore di questa numero con tanto di 4 - Minigame 2004 questi ultimi mesi hanno stessa rivista autore di un ringraziamenti per la 4 - Nuovi cloni popolato il web parlando anche programma molto utile nella collaborazione. dello ZX81. Una particolare gestione dei nastri ormai S.G. 4 - Damtape attenzione va al nuovo clone del deteriorati. Colgo quindi [email protected] 5 - Collegare un +2A/+3 via Scart 5 - QL Neeting 2004 5 - Mistrum Didaktik Gama 192 6 - Strane periferiche Come annunciato nel numero precedente, una Didaktik (che attualmente produce alcuni articoli 6 - Il clone del mese delle novità più discusse recentemente è il di componentistica e controllori di processi) alla 6 - Vignetta & ringraziamenti Didaktik Gama 192K. -
Vysoke´Ucˇenítechnicke´V Brneˇ
VYSOKE´ UCˇ ENI´ TECHNICKE´ V BRNEˇ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA INFORMACˇ NI´CH TECHNOLOGII´ U´ STAV POCˇ ´ITACˇ OVY´ CH SYSTE´ MU˚ FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS EMULA´TOR MALE´ HO DOMA´ CI´HO POCˇ ´ITACˇ E ZX SPECTRUM DIPLOMOVA´ PRA´ CE MASTER’S THESIS AUTOR PRA´ CE Bc. PETR Sˇ IMON AUTHOR BRNO 2012 VYSOKE´ UCˇ ENI´ TECHNICKE´ V BRNEˇ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA INFORMACˇ NI´CH TECHNOLOGII´ U´ STAV POCˇ ´ITACˇ OVY´ CH SYSTE´ MU˚ FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS EMULA´TOR MALE´ HO DOMA´ CI´HO POCˇ ´ITACˇ E ZX SPECTRUM ZX SPECTRUM SMALL HOME COMPUTER EMULATOR DIPLOMOVA´ PRA´ CE MASTER’S THESIS AUTOR PRA´ CE Bc. PETR Sˇ IMON AUTHOR VEDOUCI´ PRA´ CE Ing. RICHARD RU˚ Zˇ ICˇ KA, Ph.D. SUPERVISOR BRNO 2012 Abstrakt Osmibitový počítač ZX Spectrum vznikl pøed 30 lety. Ve své době zažil obrovský úspěch a dodnes má poèetnou základnu příznivcù, kteří stále vytvářejí nové aplikace a hry. Vznikají v¹ak i nová hardwarová rozšíření pro pøipojení moderních periferií, jako jsou IDE HDD, paměťové karty apod. Tato práce si dává za cíl navrhnout a postavit emulátor počítače ZX Spectrum, který bude založen na moderní technologii FPGA a bude používat moderní periferie jako VGA monitor, SD/MMC paměťové karty apod. Abstract Eight-bit computer ZX Spectrum has been created 30 years ago. It was extremely popular in its time and it has many fans till now, which still developing new application and games. There are also many new hardware extensions like IDE HDD driver, SD/MMC memory driver etc.