DOCUMENT RESUME ED 057 619 EM 009 475 TITLE Computing Technology; A Bibliography of Selected Rand Publications; INSTITUTION Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif. REPORT NO SB-1036 PUB DATE Jan 72 NOTE 118p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Annotated Bibliographies; *Communication (Thought Transfer); Computer Oriented Programs; *Computers; Cost Effectiveness; Cybernetics; Information Processing; Information Retrieval; Pattern Recognition; Programing Languages; Simulation; *Technology ABSTRACT Abstracts of over 300 unclassified Rand Corporation studies dealing with various aspects of computing technology are presented in this bibliography. The studies selected were all issued during the period January 1963 through December 1971. A subject index which includes a brief annotation and code number for each entry and an author index are presented first. The major portion of the bibliography is comprised of the abstracts for each study and includes information such as the code number or availability if it is a book, the title, author, and date. An order form is appended which provides price information and whether or not the document is available from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information. (Author/SH) U.S. OFF.":./i teAL-NTOF HEALTH. EDOCA z iON 421 WELFARE OFFICE UF BDUCATON THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY ASRECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- INATING T. POINTSOF VIEW OR OPIN- IONS STATED DONOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION ORPOLICY.
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF Setillmmtled Mussel ilmulbIlli=artinns The Rand Corporation 1700 Main Street Santa Monica California 90406 January 1972 SB-1036
COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY
This bibliography contains abstracts of unclassified Rand studies dealing with various aspects of computing technoTogy. The studies selected have all been issued during the period January 1963 through December 1971. The intention is to revise the bibliography at periodic intervals to incorporate new publications.
Both _subject and author indexes are provided. In the subject index, each publication is indexed under one or more headings by a modifier followed by the publication number. Abstracts are arranged serially by publication number.
Except for the commercially published books, *ich:areHavailable from the publishers, copies of these publication§ may'be obteined through Rand's Reports Department. A separate order form is included with each copy of the bibliograph: CONTENTS
INDEXES
Subject 1 Author 27
ABSTRACTS Books 41 Reports 43 Rand Memoranda 50 Papers 81 SUBJECT INDEX
history of software development RM -6271
AIRPORTS Soviet Sirena-1 computer system for airline reservations RM-6000/3 Soviet plans for automated airport operations RM-6200/2
ADNATCH ALGEC ADNATCH, a computer tool for urban studies ALGOL 60 modified by Russians to handle P-4532 economic calculations RM-5135 final report on the algorithmic language ALGEC RN-5136 ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY summary and critique of the algorithmic language ALGEC RM-5157 relationship of Rand Video Graphic System to ARRA computing network R-664 the ARP& nationwide computing network and APARRL the Data Reconfiguration Service P-4673 APAREL: a parse-request language used' with PL/I semantics RN-5611-1 AERODYNAMICS user's manual for APAREL, a parse-request language within PL/I RN-6104 hybrid computing as an aid to engineering design P-3086 APOLLO AEROSPACE INDUSTRY integration of man and computer in prelaunch checkout RM-4506 use of computers in design and engineering separable redundant computers for space RN-5264. systems RM-4573 current.trends in aerospace computation
P-3484 : future expansion of computer capabilities APPROXIMATION THEORY in aerospace industry. P-3533 computer aided advanced design and per- approximations for digital computers BOOF formance analysis of air vehicles P-4313 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AIR COMBAT organization of a problem-solving program RM-3283 user's manual of computer-driven stereo role of Icarning in artificial intelligence display.for.aerial maneuver-analysis RM-3285-1 RM"5709-- internal structure of General Problem ., Solver (GPS-2-r2) .RN-3337 possible,tasks for.computerS P-2586
AIRCRAFT information-flow model'of a brain . mechanism P-2871 computer aided advanced design and per- formance analysis of air vehicles P-4313 AUTOMATION specifications for process control com- &IR FORCE puters; pneumonic controls RN-6000/1 effects of automation on the Soviet role of AF in computer programming lan- work force RN-6000/9 guages and standardization in command effects of its growth on emplayment P-2865 and control RM-3447 science, technology and the automation data processing of personnel records.at explosion P-2908 the Air Reserve Records Center. RM-4188 its effects on employment and the social
. proposal for an Air Force software testing responsibility problem P-3163 and 'certification facility RM-6213 economic and social effects of automation USAF.Personnel Data System--Officers: P-3478 -2- computers and our future P-3501 BIOMEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION need to protect information privacy in time-shared computer files P-3523 Rand's efforts in designing a national network RM-6047 AUTOSATE BIOMOD event-chain flowcharting as a source of analysia reports for AUTOSATE RM-3320 BIOMOD: an interactive computer-graphics AUTOSATE, an aid to data system design and system for biological modeling P-4410 control RM-3976 BIOMOD interactive graphics computer system new version of event-chain flowcharting in to simulate biological systems P-4503 AUTOSATE RM-4729 BOOST BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOST program for estimating powered articles on soviet cybernetics, 1959-1962 rocket performance R-670 RM-3675 articles on Soviet computers, part 2 RM-3797 BORDER SECURITY IBM 7040/7044 programs to store, re-format, and print out natural texts RM-4920 on-line compnter program far the analysis annotated bibliography on privacy in the of border-control problems R-687 computer age RH-5495 annotated bibliography on privacy in the computer age, Vol. 2 RM-5495/1 CATALOGS bibliography of Soviet cybernetics work in 1964, part 10 RM-5587 Catalog Input/Output System RM-4540 bibliography on automation and technologi- IBM 7040/7044 programs to store, re-format, cal change and future studies P-3365-4 and print out natural texts RM-4920 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, overall view of the Rand computer text No. 24 (Dec. 1968): annual index and catalog system P-3476 P-3600/25 selective bibliography of computer graphics P-4629 CENSUS Blank-1 mark sensing device readies Soviet BIOCHEMISTRY census data for processing .R-700/4 user's manual for Rand's program for solving chemical composition problems CHECKOUT EQUIPMENT R-495 interactive graphics program for simulat- on-line graphical programming and operation ing kinetic chemical systems RH-5925 of a moving network display RM-5183 description of Rand's current and potential bioscience programs RM-6047 CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY user's manual for Rand's program for solving chemical compositiOn problems description of Rand's current and potential R-495- bioscience programa RM-6047 interactive graphics program foi simulat- Soviet micLebiology: organic synthesis ing kinetic chemical systems RM-5925 of protein from petroleum RM-6200/8 new amorphous chalcogenide glass for model of fluid reservoir system using optics, lasers, semiconductors BIOMOD P-4410 BM-6000/11 BIOMOD interactive graphics computer system to simulate biological systems P-4503 CHINESE LANGUAGE BIOMATHEMATICS on-line-computer classification of hand printed Chinese characters P-3568 description of Rand's current and potential bioscience programs RM-6047 COBOL
COBOL61 aa comparedwithDETA37X , RM-3273 -3- introduction to programming for COBOL-1 and urban concentration P-3562 RM-4133 JOSS as a store-and-forward communication COBOL-61 compared with DETAB-X P-2608-1 system P-3606 DETAB-X as an addition to COBOL P-2687 communication policy issues for the coming computer utility and FCC rules P-3615 CODES COMMUNIST COUNTRIES factors affecting coding errors RM-4346 components of operating systems P-2584 Soviet pressure on Czechoslovakia to overall view of the Rana computer text Sovietize her computer industry R-700/2 and catalog system P-3476 analog-to-digital, digital-to-analog conversion in ATSEMS-1 P-3600/15 COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN Rand video graphic system, a general COMBINATORICS user-computer communication system R-753 dynamic programming approach to constrained computing applications in aerospace design .shortest-path problems RM-6338 and engineering RM-5264 some implications of automated design on the engineering process P-3625 COMMAND AND CONTROL Fifth Annual Rand Computer Symposium on use COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION of common computer languages .RM-3324 programming languages and standardization Rand/Carnelie Commission/NSF conference on in RM-3447 computers in higher education R-718 digital communications and EDP for an teaching program for the Logic Theory advanced Tactical Air Control System Machine (I.T) RM-3731 RM-14431 compater-aided.instruction at Novosibirs!.:. Relational Data File, a system for infer- electrical engineering institute ence execution and data retrieval RM-6000/5. RM-5085 'the Kaktus system of computer-monitored selection of a language for command and instructionAUSSR) RM-6000/8 .control use P-2967 survey of Russian programmed instruction cybernetics and troop control theory and computers in education RM-6000/9
P-3600/14 . instructional uses of the computer in higher education P-4600 institutions, innovation, and incentives COMMUNICATION SATELLITES .in education using computers P-4640 probable computer technology in 1980, with mapping by computer graphics eSpecially implications for education P-4693 for satellite Antenna coverage R-525 COMPUTER GRAPHICS COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA procedure and model description of the potential'uses of the computer and video- Video Graphic System ''It.7519 tape. in criminal courts P-4581 mapping by computer graphics especially computer graphic animation techniques, in for satellite: antenna:coverage R-525 computer graphics bibliography P-4629 relationship of Rand Video Graphic System to ARPA computing netwOrk Rand video graphic system, a general COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS user-computer:communication system _R-753 Soviet information and oommunication sys- RAND tablet', a graphic' input deVice tem based on computer network, R-700/4 RM-4122 digital communications and.EDP for an survey of significant Software research: adVanced Tactical Air,Contrel System problems' RM-4467 RM-4431. tabular representations of multivariate computer simulation of adaptive 'routing functions for compUtet'use RS-4636 techniques for distributed coMmunica- real-time recognition of' handprinted te4t tion, systems RM-4782 usingitiND,Tablet RM-5016 H communications, computers, and effects on on-line graphical programming and Operation people P-3235 of s: moving network diSplay RM75183 regulating .mechanisms needed for future 'app1ic.4.tionsHin aerospace'design and computer/communications networks P-3466 :engineering :RM-5264 -4- the Integrated Graphics System (IGS) for GRAIL/GPSS: graphic on-line modeling of the IBM 2250 RM-5531 systems P-3838 real-time recognition of handprinted GAPSS for graphic analysis of GPSS text: program documentation RM-5550 simulations P-3977 integrated graphics system for the a graphic capability Eor MARK IV P-401u S-C 4.060, part I, user's manual RM-5560 use of computers in the delivery of medi- integrate& graphics system for the S-C . cal care P-4019 4060; part 1, system programmer's guide BIOMOD: an interactive computer-graphics RM-5661 system for biological modeling P-4410 user's manual of computer-driven stereo teletype vs video console use in computer display for aerial maneuver analysis searching for legal precedents 274448 RM-5709 interactive simulation of continuous systems EXDAMS: Extendable Debugging and Moni- P-4503 toring System for interactive use selective bibliography of computer graphics RM-5772 P-4629 description of POGO (Programmer-Oriented Graphics Operation) RM-5825 interactive graphics program for simulat- COMPUTER PROGRAMMING ing kinetic chemical systems RM-5925 description of GRAIL project: goals, complete rules for coding IPL-V BOOK problems, and results PM-5999 framework an.d first 3 phases of computer a Russian computer-generated display performance improvement analysis R-549 system using TV raster scan RM-6000/11 principles of operation of the ISPL machine GRAIL language and operations RM-6001 R-562 implementation of the GRAIL system RM-6002 Ports, a method for dynamic interprogram on-line symbolic mathematics with communication and job control R-605 hand-printed two-dimensional input the future of computer program specifica- RM-6018 tion and organization R-622 DYDE: an on-line debugger for OS/360 factors in selecting and training assembly language programs RM-6027 programmers RM-3245 extensions to PL/I for interactive organization of a problem-solving program computer graphics RM-6028 RM-3283 Graphic ROCKET: an interactive system for FORTAB.decision table language for aiding aerospace vehicle analysis RM-6032 programming RM-3306 computer. graphic support for Rand's bio- event-chain flowcharting by AUTOSATE science program RM-6047 RM-3320 on-line syntax checker for APAREL, using languages and standardization in command the IBM 2260 alphanumeric/display and control RM-3447 RM-6104. analysis of decision rules in decision graphics for simulation problem-solving tables RM-3669 in designing Video Graphics RM-6112 instruction formats for five Soviet POGO user's manual: I. general aids computers R11-3804 to graphic programming RM-6114 job performance study of computer program- Mir-2 with graphic terminal light pen ming personnel RM-4033 unveiled by Soviets RM-6200/1 programming ty questionnaire, RM-4460 Soviet Mir-2 accepted for production survey of significant software research RM-6200/2 problems RM-4467 a Soviet electrotablet for graphic input new version of event-chain flowcharting in RM-6200/5 AUTOSATE RM-4729 moving network display for active moni- JOSS: -arithmetic and function.evaluation toring of automated checkout P-3522 RM-5028 on-line computer classification of hand- a Compact statistical method of represent- printed Chinese characters P-3568 _ing terrain in'digital computers new Soviet graphical data-handling de- Rm-sopl vices P-3600/11 programming by questionnaire: the job some implications of automated design on shop simulation program generator the engineering process P-3625 RM-5162 aids to aerospace vehicle missiOn analysis: ,survey of Soviet work-in the theory of Graphic ROCKET P-3660 compUter'programMing :RM-5424
directness in computer graphics: -.Rand- DISPLAY: a gUide and sample input/output . interactive, GRAIL system P-3697 : 'of the TRACK FORTRAN debugger' R1-5618 IGS, the Integrated Graphics System for Programming by Questionnaire: auxiliary the S-C-4060 P-3722 programs for checking and analysis curve fitting and editing using RAND 2M7.5689 Tablet and IBM 2250 on IBM 360/40 EXDIMS: Extendable Debugging and:Moni-
, P-3742 toring. System for interactive uSe interactive graphic system for curve RM-5772 fitting and editing P-3766 the BE51-6: hardare, software, instruc- -5- tion repertoire, and critique RM-6000/4 BOOK the multimachine mode vs. multiprogramming ECSS, The Extendable Computer Simulator in the USSR RM-6000/6 prototype language R-520 the recent, revolution in Soviet programming experience with initial version of ECSS RM-6000/7 special purpose simulation language DIDE: an on-line debugger for OS1360 R-560 assembly language programs RM-6027 specifications for ISPL, the Incremental ongoing simulation as an aid in designing Systems Programming Language R-563 the Video Graphics System RM-6112 DETAB-X computer language RM-3273 survey of Soviet programming; training Fifth Annual Rand Computer Symposium on use programming teachers RM-6200/6 of common computer languages RM-332n JOSTRAN,. a. JOSS dialect that expedites the heuristic compiler RM-3588 FORTRAN programming RM-6248 SIMSCRIPT as a simulation technique estimating software development time: RM-3778 literature survey and experiments technical appendix on SIMSCRIPT language RM-6271 RM-3813 components of operating systems P-2584 comparison of COSIT, IPL-V, LISP 1.5, use and advantages of SIMSCRIPT in SLIP, list processing languages RM-3842 programming P-2658 introduction to programming for COBOL-1 teaching of computer programmingin the RM-4133 secondary schools P-2768 LIPL: Linear Information Processing selection of personnel for P-2782 Language RM-4320 computers and information flow:. ALGEC--an expansion of ALGOL 60 for eco- introduction for the layman P-2791-1 nomic calculations RM-5135 changing role of professional programmer final report on the algorithmic language P-2793 ALGEC RM-5136 advantages of simulation with SIMSCRIPT summary and critique of the algorithmic P-2826 language ALGEC RM-5157 the teaching of programming P-2998 Dataless Programming Language RM75290 NOSY core-saving system .for codes converted the Integrated Graphics System (IGS) for from:FORTRAN II to FORTRAN IV P-3168/1 the IBM 2250 RM-5531 development of new digital simulation APAREL: a parse-request language used .languages P-3348 with PL/I semantics RM-5611-1 importance of heuristic programming (tr. SIMSCRIPT II programming language: IBM from. Russian) P-3600/10 360 implementation R/1-5777 automatic programming of hybrid computers description of.POGO (Programmer-Oriented in USSR P-3600/I9 Graphics Operation) RM-5825 description of the computer programming computer simulation programming language; process .P-3626 an introductory text RM-5883 IGS, the Integrated Graphics System for a FORTRAN programmer's introduction to the S-C 4060 P.3722 SIMSCRIPT II RM-5937 block programming in 0/E-360 assembly INFEREX based on symbolic logic and set
code . P-38.10 theory for Relational Data File RM-5q147 GPSS flow-charting techniques used in- need for high7level language for engi- teractively on GRAIL graphic system neering problems in USSR RM-6000/1 P-3838 recent:Soviet advances in algorithmic computer software: tba evolution within - languages RM-6000/7 the revolution P-3894 ALPHA, REFAL, and the Soviet view of the transcript of Tenth Computing.Symposium: problems of writing new languages "The Teachingof Computing" P-3998 RM-6000/8. comparison Of parallel and pipeline com- document retrieval'language written at puter characteristics P-4221 Ukrainian Institute:of Cybernetics impaCt of future developments in computer BM,6000/10. technology P-4401 GRAIL language and operations RM-6001 programming: the change from the sixties extensions to PL/I for interactive to the seventies P4417 oomputer graphics M-6028 storage layout to reduce computer memory user's manual for APAREL, a parse-request requirements 'P-4459-1 language within PL/I ,RM-6104 ECSS: Extendable Computer System Simu- lator4 a SIMSCRIPT-based.language COMPDTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES - RM-6132 JOSTRAN, a Joss dialect that expedites user'S and programmer's manual for .HFORTRAN-programming RM-6248. SIMSCRIPT II programming language BOOK 99-GATE:language for performing algebraic reference manual for SIMSCRIPT:II program- computations. P-2602 -ming language BOOK _ DETAB-X compnter language -based on use of
-detailed description of SIMSCRIPT BOOK decision tables..'P-26081 - Information Processing Language-V menual 'description of the GliS (Generalized As- -6-
sembly System) language P-2674 Dataless Programming Language: an example status report on DETAB-X business language program RM-5290 P-2687 Graphic ROCKET: a computer-graphics use of DETAB-X in banking systems P-2697 system for aerospace vehicle analysis GASP--foz simulation studies in industrial RM-6032 systems P-2864 Ukrainian Republic Fund of Algorithms selection of a language for command and and Programs with documentation control e P-2967 RM-6200/8 introductioh t_o SIMSCRIPT II programming proposal for an Air Force software testing language P-3314 and certification facility RM-6213 simulation language report generators JOSS: examples of use of an experimental P-3349 on-line computing service P-3131 development of languages for simulation simulation programming and analysis of P-3453 results P-3141 computer simulation programming languages: design philosophy of Relat:Lonal Data Pile
perspective and prognosis . P-3599 P-3408 . MALGOL, VELGOL, TSIMOD, SAP, APROKS Implementation of Relational Data File developed in Estonian SSR P-3600/15 P-3411 block programming in 0/S-360 assembly JOSS program and users' guile for patent code P-3810 searching through index terms P-3648 graphic adaptation of RAND ROCKET trajec- tory analysis P-3660 COMPUTER PROGRAMS multiplexing within single computer P-3661 computer aided advanced design and per- program for sifting out prime numbers BOOK formance analysis of air vehicles user's manual f6r. Rand's program for P-4313 solving chemical composition problems MAX: a chess-playing program written in R-495 standard FORTRAN IV P-4428 movement in. military personnel systems, use of 5C4060-produced'microfilmin program refemence manual R-534 pseudocolor transformations P-4465 flow model program listings of movement in ADMATCN, a computer tool for urban studies military personnel systems R-535 P-4532 generating gamma variates with nonintegral modified initiator to control three speeds shape parameters for simulation R-641 of memory in Rand computing P-4585 BOOST program for estimating powered syntax of Data Reconfiguration Service rocket performance R-670 for ARPA computing network P-4673 on-line computer program for the analysis of border-control problems R-607 program for color scale separation for COMPUTERS pseudocolor image enhancement R-787 Rand computer program, General Problem introduction to electronic computers BOOK Solver RM-3285-1 practice problems for the studentof Rand-SHARE manual for IBM 70.90 RM-3327 digital computing on IBM 1620. BOOK
internal structure of General Problem . innovation and competitive advantage in Solver (GPS-2-2) RM-3337 the International computer industry program for determining errors in position BOOK and velocity of satellites RM-3609 data processing forletate and local program listing for the LogicTheory Ma- gOvernments BOOK 'chine RM-3731 economics of computers BOOK Teach Information Processing Language effect on problem solving of forced lockout . (TIPL) for IPL-V RM-3879 between'JOSS: interactions R-513 PALL: RAND program for automated computeireystems analysis methodolOgy: addressing RM-4258 Measuring, evaluating, simulating R-520 program for aggregate base stockage policy computer technology: and timesharing in ihe of.recoverable items RM-4395 Soviet Union Catalog Input/Output System RM-4540 framework And first, phases of computer SIMSCRIPT program for computer-assisted performance imprOvement analysis R.-549 maintenance planning RM-4563 Principles of operation of the TSP.'. machine the catalog: a flexible data structure R-562' ; for magnetic.tape RM-4645 analyzing computer.accounting data to IBM 7040/7044 programs to store, re-format, evaluate system performance R..-573- and print out natural texts RM-4920 measurement objectives and toolefor: JOSS console service routines RM-5044 computer performance analysis ,R7584 Relational Data File,, a system for 'infer- ISPL Basic Pile System andfile ;',-ubsystem: ence execution and data retrieval for'COmputing'research,aupport RM-5085 Barryl3oehmts trip.report of: Soviet programming by questionnaire, construCting Compntingmenters R-..700/1 a program generator RM-5129 SOviet Cybernetics Reviel; Vol.. 1, " - -7-
(March 1971) 8-700/2 tion repertoire, and critique RM-6000/11 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol.1. No. 3 Armenian Masis; Soviet Rata and M-54; (May 1971) R-700/3 East German Zellatron and Robotron Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 1, No. 4 RM-6000/5 (July 1971) R-700/4 third-generation Soviet computers, M-1000, Rand/Carnegie Commission/NSF conference on -2000, and -3000 RM-6000/6 computers in higher education R-718 Doza, a Soviet analog computer for dynamic programming, intelligent machines, calculating radiological dosages and self-organizing systems RM-3173 RM-6000/9 the heuristic compiler RM-3588 automated computer design and integrated generalized assembly system for 7090 circuits for Soviet computers RM-3646 RM-6000/11 technology of computers in USSR, 1959-1962 ECSS: a language for simulating perfor- RM-36.75 mance of computer systems RM-6132 computer recognition of on-line, use in Soviet fishing industry RM-6200/1 hand-written characters RM-3753 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, characteristics of several Soviet computers, Feb. 1970 RM-6200/2 part 2.RM-3797 the Russian Dnepr-2 and MIK-1M computer instruction formats for five Soviet systems RM-6200/4 computers RE-3804 problems of the Soviet computer industry RAND tablet, a graphic input device RM-6200/6 RM-4122 description of first Soviet disc memory unit description of Johnninc Open Shop RM-6200/7. System .(JOSS) RM-4162 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4, No. 8, data processing of personnel records at September 1970 RM-6200/8 the Aix Reserve Records Center RM-4188 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4, No. 10, technique for use of computer managers to 1970 index RM-6200/10 improve. efficiency RM-4232 need for high-capacity, high-capability, Soviet cybernetics technology, part 4 floating-point flight computers RM-6213 RM-4461 . statistical concepts in computational survey of significant software research mathematics RM-6297 problems RM-4467 possible tasks for computers P-2586 reliability of ground-based digital use of cotputers in processing and analy- computers EM-4511 sis of geographic information P-2593 separable redundant computers for space education and training in cOmputer systems RM-4573 technology P-2597 relational data file to mechanize nature and use of the GAS (Generalized As inference execution and data retrieval sembly System) language P-2674 RM-4793 electronic data processing for cities Soviet process control computers, part 5 P-2714 RM-4810 role of computers in the high school cur7 demonstration test of computer-assisted riculum P-2768 - countdown RM-5005 guide to efficient use of cOmputers R-2786 remote computation using the RAND JOSs computers and:information flow: system RM-5058 introduction for the layman P-27911 Russian1-.English dictionarvof cybernetics computers:and the changinTrole of the and computer technology (Second Edi- prOgrnniter tion). RM-5108-1 the need fox greater size andspeed in detailed description of JOSS system -. computers'. ..P-2863 monitor RM-5216 their role inthe groWth ofautomation the JOSS ptimer::. RM-5220 JP-,2865 JOSS disc file systea: RM-5257 JOSS (Johnniac Open7ShoP Systemexperi- JOSS central processing routines _RM-5270 mental onIine, time-shared service assembly listing of the JOSS Supervisor P-2922 unit RM-5437 the teaching of cotputingH annotated bibliographY,on priVicy in:the interrogatiOn of computersta.produde computer age RM-54.95 'rcomprenension7like responses p73006 annoW:ed bibliography on privacy in the roleof.the cOmputer-inseCP-Ik 4.a.rcht7).0.4s comuter age, Vo.3.2 RM-'5495/1' reviO_Of general7PUrpOSe-Parallet SOviet ,Xbrid.jcomputing,Us,an:aid to.engineeking ,coMputer system, Part 11. -,RM5551 history of Rand!S JOHOIAC ComPuter cOmpU'terSaS:a:force.in thedevelopieUt.., RK-5654 .: of CybernetiCs' '1A7.'3144-r1 .Soviet cotputers: COnverSatiOnrsil0 JpSSinal.gebrai0 PolishUMTS-10;5. papertape:xeaders language 'P'..7141.6 RM-6000/2. I ' experimental small 'Soviet computerS,''.RM-6,000/3: ' ..0e-At4.reuotetyPeUTiter conSOles the BESM6: hardware, Softwarei,inStruc- -8--
communications, co,.. Lets, and effects on and unsolved problems P-3903 people P-32. transcript of Tenth Computing Symposium: cost factors fot ,nies using EDP "The Teaching of Computing" P-3236. use of computers in the,delivery future computer technology P-3279 cal care P-4019 free-standing coepared with time-sharing fundamental physical limits to computing facilities P-3281 power... P-4208 JOHNNIAC eulogy at decommissioning comparisda of parallel and pipeline com- ceremonies P-3313 puter characteristics P-4221 regulating mechanisms needed for future computer data:banks and security controls computer/communications networks P-3466 P-4329 overall view of the:Rand computer text relative advantages of the ILLIAC IV and and catalog system P-3476 the STAR computers 2-4401 trends and'social implications of computers use of computer, aCcounting data to measure system modification. P-4536-1 current trends in aerospace computation institutieUs, innovation, and incentives P-3484 in eduCation using computers P-4640
computers and our future P-3501 ; the ARPA nationwide computing network and
countermeasures against unauthorized - the Data Reconfiguration Service P-4673 access to information P-3504 computers in Society's future:Troblems need to protect infotmatien privacy in of information system privacy P-4684 time-shared computer files P-3523 probable' computer technology in 1980,.with 'the professor'nnd the computer, 1985 implications for education P-4693
P-3527 . potential computer:speeds and principles future expansion of compnter capabilities of physics that will limit them P-4710 1'3533 proteCting information it;:remote-access multi-user ComPuter systems: P73544 impact Of. technology On_future cities -.T73562', user's and progpamMeOs ianua1 for software evaluation in system selection SIMSCRIPT II programming language BOOK P-3581 teference manual fot SIMSCRIpT II program-
recent progress in Russian computer -:ming.language ; :technblogy, -I'3600/11 uses' of: sImsaapT in simalation and reeent,develoPmenis in USSR computing nonsimulation problems, BOOK
' P73600/13.: aser's manual for Rand'STrogram .for descriptionSof Minsk-2.2system, Ruta7701 , solving Chemical 'composition problema readlnglievice, :Utal-2 music P7.3600/1: spetifiCatiOnsef 15Soviet coMputerm analySia.of movement Isaarge7Scale mili7 P.73600/19j tarypenSounel systees 1/7.514 survey:of Soviet computer technology proCediareandAneder.desCriPtion'efthe P-3600/20: Video OraphiC SyStee, ,R7.519: recent deve/opmenta in Soviet cybetnetics imprOltingC13.0 Utilization-an-Uthkoughput by
P-360.0/21: . ,tuning eultiprogiamme&Systems R-520 Soviet cyherneticS: ..recerit neWS items, experience,with.theExtendable Computer'
COCt-. 1968) p-360,0123 System Simulatot,, R!-5,60 , SovietCybernetics: recentneweitems, meaSutebent Obje-Olie0 Ana tocifs fo.r No.,23 (Dec,.:1968) .P736.00/24 cOmputer petfOrmance analysis R7584 Soviet: cybetnetiCs:Cecent news items, .PotiS, a eethedjOr dynamic:interprogram
No., 24. .(Dec.1968).: . annual index communiCationandAdb'COntrol R7605
13-1600/25 ' genetatingAamma VatiateS:with nOnintegral present and future compnter technology :hape"ParametetS'fOt siMuIation: R76.41 andits:impacton everyday liVing ,SIMSCRIPT.:as a sinblatiOntechnigne RM73778 computetgap between U.S. and USSR P-3641 technical appendix on sutspIpT language;
socialitplications of a Computer utility RM73613_ P71642 modifT:and restart routines fot games and
futute:potential of computera P-3656 expetiments in computer simulation_ 'More effiCient.use of'compiAing facilities ItM74242- P-3661 application of,program generators (JsspG) , commUnicatiOn policy issues for the coming to the bnilding'of models RM-44:6:0 ,compntet-utility and FCC rules P73685 computer simulatioeef Adaptive routing Changesin American%character due to.", ' techniqueSfor disttibnted communiCa7 compntetized:. records P-3780 tion systees ptiVaCY aspects of'theeashless, checkless demonatration,test of comPuter-assisted ...SoCiety: Senate testimOny HP-3822 'CoiindOwn RK7500.5 -IBM -360/65: RANIPs'next'cOiputet P73892' programming by questionnaire: the job .,third-generation computertrenda; ptogress shop'simulation'prograe generator -9- RM-5162 CONTRACTS of space vehicle checkout using graphical input moving network display RM-5183 use of magnetic tape for reporting cost procedure for economizing computer time information RM-6313 in comparing simulation runs RM-5288-1 Programming by Questionnaire: auxiliary programs for checking and analysis CONTROL SYSTEMS RM-5689 user's manual of computer-driven stereo event-chains as control devices RM-3320 display for aerial maneuver analysis new version of event-chain flowcharting in
RM-5709 . AUTOSATE RM-4729 SIMSCRIPT II programming language: IBM Soviet process control computers, part 5 360 implementation RM-5777 RM-4810 computer similatioa programming language; specifications for process control com- an introductory text RM-5883 puters; pneumonic controls RM-6000/1 interactive graphics program for simulat- Soviet use of game theory for control ing kinetic chemical systems RM-5925 of processes and communications a FORTRAN programmer's introduction to RM-6000/4. SIMSCRIPT II RM-5937 organization of national control systems Rand's computer simulations of complex in USSR RM-6200/2 physiological pheRomena RM-6047 automation of Soviet induAry RM-6200/3 graphics for simulation problem-solving a Soviet approach to state-wide control in designing Video nraphics RM-6112 systems RN-6200/4 ECSS: Extendable Computer System Simu- approaches ,to SOviet state-wide control lator, a SIMSCRIPT-based language systems RM-6200/5 RM-6132 Soviet automated control systems in space tracking error propagation and orbit Belorussia RM-6200/6 prediction program (TZPOP) RM-6256 official USSR guidelines for automated use and advantages of SIMSCRIPT in industrial control systems..P-3600/18 programming P-2658 advantages of using SIMSCRIPT insimulation P-2826 COST ANALYSIS a program for simulation in industrial systems (GASP) P-2864 cost of adopting a common computer language simulation programming and analysis of for command and control. RM-3324 results P-3141 use of magnetic tape for reporting cost development of new digital simulation information RM-6313 languages P-3348 cost factors for companies using EDP simulation language report generators P-3236 P-3349 of free-standing computers compared with development of languages for simulation time-sharing facilities P-3281 P-3453 computer simulation programming languages: perspective and prognosis P-3599 COST-EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES interactive wse of JOSS consoles in simula- tion _and war gaming P-3606 econOmics of computers BOOK statistical considerations in comphter simulation experiments P-3608 description of some existing programs in COUNTERINSURGENCY urban and decisionmaking research P-3734 on-line computer program for the analysis GRAIL/GPSS: graphic on-line modeling of of border-control problems R-687 systems P-3838 simulation programming using SIMSCRIPT II: an example with annotations P-3861 COURTS GAPSS for graphic analysis of GPSS simulations P-3977 potential uses of the computer and video- BIOMOD: an interactive computer-graphics tape in criminal courts P-4581 system for biological modeling P-4410 evaluation of computer simulation method- ology in urban research P-4446 a stochastic network approach to test and checkout with GERT simulation P-4486 Soviet cybernetics in criminalistics interactive simulation of continuous systems P-3600/23 P-4503 -10- CURVE FITTING and computer technology (Second Edi- tion) RM-5108-1 curve fitting and editing via interactive on-line computer recognition and lookup of computer graphics P-3742 Chinese characters 2-3568 interactive graphic system for curve fitting and editing P-3766 DISPLAY CYBERNETICS DISPLAY: a guide and sample input/output of the TRACK FORTRAN debugger RM-5618 in the study of information processing in the nervous system 2-2879 DYDE (On-line Debugging Program)
CZECHOSLOVAKIA DYDE: an on-line debugger for 05/360 assembly language programs RM-6027 Soviet pressure on Czechoslovakia to Sovietize her computer industry R-700/2 ECONOMETRICS DECISIONMAKING ALGEC--an expansion of ALGOL 60 for eco- nomic calculations RM-5135 in the construction of sophisticated final report on the algorithmic language problemr-solving programs RM-3283 ALGEC RM-5136 analysis of decision rules in decision tables R1-3669 description of some models used in local ECONOMICSDOMESTIC government decisionmaking research P-3734 economics of computers BOOK effect of computerized recordkeeping on benefits of computer technology in industry decisionmaking P-3780 RM-5264
DELPHI ECONOMICSFOREIGN Soviet view of Delphi method of innovation and competitive advantage in scientific forecasting RM-6000/9 the international computer industry a forecasting method that combines Delphi BOOK and PERT techniques RM-6000/10 organization chart of administrative estimating software development time: agencies of the USSR economy B-700/1 literature survey and experiments new Soviet Institute for Management of the RM-6271 National Economy R-700/3 Soviet state plans'for development of national economy RM-6000/2 DETAB -X development of Soviet prognostics: economic forecasting RM-6000/5 description. of DETAR-I EM-3.273 use of computers in econokic planning in DETAB-X computer languagebased:onuse.:of the USSR RM-6000/6
decisiontables 2-2608-1 : automation in Soviet economic planning status:report on DETAB-1(siness language RM-6200/1 P-2687 economiC activities of the Ukrainian SSR uses'an'anking SysteMS-P2687, Academy RM-6200/7 effect of computer shortages on economic planning in USSR 2-3600/17 DIAGNOSIS description of Rand's current and potential ECSS biOsCienCe programs pri014-7 brain*tumOr diagnoSis'by'Computerand' experience with initial version of ECSS .byl using diagnostic_tablesjn: Ussa special purpose simulation language RM76200/8
DICTIclutp.IFp EDUCATION.' Soviet computer terminology and practice.problems for.the-student of abbreviations RM-3804 -digital coaPatiag Pa-rmi 1020 000K. Russian-English dictionary of cybernetics Teach-Information .Processing Language . (TIPL) for IPL-17 RM-3879 ENERGY survey of Russian programmed instruction and computers in education RM-6000/9 Soviet account of Armenian Power Engi- need for reorganizing USSR higher educa- neering Institute achievements tion of scientists and technologists P-3600/19 RM-6000/11 controlled processes faculty at Leningrad .University RM-6200/5 ENGINEERING Soviet programmed instruction, teaching machines, programmer training RM-6200/6 the JOSS primer BM-5220 proposed undergraduate program in computer problem solving with JOSS RM-5322
sciences . RM-6297 computing needs in USSR; problems of education and training in computer publication lag RM-6000/1 technolajy P-2597 hybrid computing as an aid to engineering teaching of computer programming in the design P-3086 secondary schools P-2768 some implications of automated design on computersand information flow: UC the engineering process P-3625 Extension lecture P-2791-1 engineers' duty to provide warning of the teaching of computing. P-2998 technology side effects P-3780' role of the computer in secondary schools third-generation computers and how engi- P-3044 neers use and misuse them P-3903 computers and education P-3478 Soviet scientific problems and programmed instruction P-3600/13 ERROR ANALYSIS scientific problems and programmed instruction- P-3600/14 program for determining errors in position use of teaching nachines in .the USSR and velocity of satellites RM-3609
P-3600/23 . factors affecting coding errors RN-4346 future potential of the computer P-3656 EXDAMS: Extendable Debugging and Moni- transcript of Tenth Computing Symposium: toring System for interactive use "The teaching 'Of Computing" P-3998 RM-5772 probable coisputer technology in 1980, with space tracking error propagation and orbit ,implicationstor education P-4693 prediction program (TEPOP) RM-6256
j
EDUCATION AND TRAINING EVALUATION METHODS Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, framework and first 3 phases of computer No. 23 (Dec. 1968) P-3600/24 performance improvement analysis R-549 analyzing computer accounting data to evaluate system performance R-573 EDUCATION PLANNING use of computer accounting data to measure system modification P-4536-1 Rand/Carnegie Commission/NSF conference on computers in :7.i9her education B-718 instructional uses of the computer. in FILE STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT .higher education P-4600 .institutions, innovation, and incentives princiPles of operation of the ISPL machine in education using computers P-4640 specifications for ISPL, the Incremental Systems Programming Language R-563 ELECTRONICS ISPL Basic File System and file subsystem for computing research support R-603 work on glasslike (noncrystalline) Ports, a method for dynamic interprogram semiconductors in the Soviet bloc connunication and job control R-605
Rm-6001:1/4 . the future of computer program specifica- new amorphous chalcogenide glass for tion and organization B-622 optics, lasers, semiconductors FORTAB decision table language for use with BM-6000,11 FORTRAN .RM-3306 survey of Soviet solid state technology JOSS disc file.system RM-5257 BM-6200/4 , experience with.Relational Data File: Soviet R&D. redirected: Academy of Sciences datum storage and inference execution annual meeting reports RM-6200/8 more efficient use-of computing facilities EMPLOYMENT," logical .aspects,of gues0.on7answeriogH:4.- :computer: the Relational.Data, File as affected by growing automation P-2865 P-4251, -12- storage layout to reduce computer memory GASP requirements P-4459-1 modified initiator to control three speeds GASP--for simulation studies in industrial of memory in Rand computing P-4585 systems P-2864
FINANCE GENERALIZED ASSEMBLY SYSTEM DETAB-X used in banking P-2697 generalized assembly system for 7090 RM-3646 FORECASTING GENERAL PROBLEM SOLVER Soviet goals for scientific, technical, .and economic forecasting R-700/3 Rand computer program, General Problem deVelopment of Soviet prognostics Solver RM-3235-1 RM-6000/5 internal.structure of GPS-2-2 RM-3337. estimating software development time: literature survey and experiments RM-6271. GEODESY future computerstechnology P-3279 bibliography,on automation and technologi- mapping by computer graphics especially cal change and future studies P-3365-4 for satellite antenna coverage R-525 the professor and the computer, 1985 P-3527. future computer technology and its im-, GEOGRAPHY
pact on everyday living P-73626 . future potential of the computer P-3656, use of computers in processing and analysis fundamental physical limits to computing of geographic information P-2593 power r.,-.74208 probable 'Computer technology in, 1980, with implications for education -P-4693 potential computer speeds and principles of physics that'will limit, them P-4710 a stochastic network approach to test and checkout with GERT simulation P-4486 FORTAB GOVERNMENT FORTAB decision table language for FORTRAN RM-3306 data processing for state and local governments BOOR role in supporting computer aids In aero- FORTRAN space industry, RM-5264 computers in government P-3478 NOSY core-saving system for codes converted licensing and regulatory policy for from. FORTRAN II to FORTRAN IV P-3168/1 computer systems and data links P-36135 privacy aspects of the cashle, checkless society: Senate testimony P-3822 FORWARD AIR CONTROL digital communications and EDP for an GRAIL advanced Tactical Air Control ;.jstem RM-4431 GRAIL file organization and management three-console JOSS simulation of close air package as used in ISPL system R-603 support P-3606 real-time recognition of handprinted text
using RAND Tablet RM-5016 ' description of GRAIL project: goals, GlimE.TREORY problems, and results RM-5S99 final report on GRAIL--II: language development end_appIicationYof game and operations RM-5001 ' theory in the-,SovietUnion RM-6000/4 final report on GRAIL--III: implementa- optimization in gime-theorY P-3600/21 tion of system RM-6002 directness in computer graphics: Rand interactive GRAIL system P-3697 GAPSS GAPSS for graphic analysis of GPSS sdmulations P-3977. -13-
GRAPHIC ROCKET BOOK annotated bibliography on privacy in the an interactive computer-graphics system computer age RM-5495 for aerospace vehicle analysis RM-6032 annotated bibliography on privacy in the computer age, Vol.2 RM-5495/1 Soviet Lvov management control system HEALTH CARE RM-6000/3 automated control systems in the USSR Soviet space medicine and automated RM-6000/6 diagnostics RM-6000/2 automation of Sovietindustry RH-6200/3 mathematice! cardiology: computer automation in soviettextile plants diagnosia and prescription in USSR RM-6200/5 RM-6000/4 hybrid computing as an aid to engineering development of Soviet prognostics: design P-3086 medical forecasting RM°6000/5 charting technique for analysis of business Doze, a Soviet analog computer for systems P-3109 calculating radiological dosages official USSR guidelines for automated
. RM-6000/9 industrial control systems P-3600/18 description of Rand's current and potential USSR reports on problems of the' .bioscience programs RM-6047 scientific control of industry Soviet:use of computers in medicine P-3600/21 RM-62.00/2 applications of computer technology to applicationS of computers in medicine industry in the USSR P-3600/24 P-3478 use of computers in the delivery of medi- cal care P-4019 INFEREX logical aspects of question-answering by HEALTH RESEARCH computer: the Relational Data File P-4251 use of Rand's chemical composition program for solving medical problems R-495 computer techniques for pseudocolor image INFORMATION PROCESSING enhancement R-787 data processing for state and local governments BOOK HUMAN FACTORS Information Processing Language-V manual BOOK user behavior in problem solving with framework and first 3 phases ct computer interactive computer assistance R-513 performance improvement analysis R-5119 integration of man and computer in analyzing computer accounting data to prelaunch checkout RM-4506 evaluate system performance R-573 teletype vs video console use in computer neasurement objectives and tools for searching for legal precedents P-4448 computer performance analysis R-584 computer techniques for pseudocolor image enhancement R-787 INDEXES the MIND system and its data structure for semantic information processing n-837 IBM 704017044 programs to store, re-format, organization of a problem-solving program and print out natural texts RM-4920 RM-3283 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4, No. 10, generalized assembly ,system for 7090 1970 index RN-6200/10 RM-3646 overall view of the Rand compater text comparison of COMIT, IPL-V, LISP 1.5, and catalog system P-3476 SLIP, list processing languages Rm-3842 3oviet cybernetics: recent news items, AUTOSATE technique for analysis of infor- No. 12(Dec. 1967) and 1967 index 'mation processing systems RM-3976 P-3600/12 data processing of personnel records at Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, the Air Reserve Records Center RM-4188 No. 2A (Dec. 1968): annual index development of OCAMA weapon system project P-3600/25 JOSS program and users" guide for patent LipL: Linear Information Processing searching through index terms P-3648 Language RM-4320 factors,affecting coding errors RM-4346 digital communications and EDP for an INDUSTRY advanced Tactical Air Control System innovation and competitive advantage in Soviet cybernetics technology, part 4 the international computer industry RM-4461 -14- Integration of man and computer in experience with Relational Data File: prelaunch checkout RM-4506 datuM storage and inference execution Catalog Input/Output System RM-4540 RM-5947 tabular representations of multivariate an overview of Soviet work on information functions for computer use R11-4636 retrieval RM-.6000/10 a compact statistical method of represent- design philosophy of Relational Data File ing terrain in digital computers P-3408 RM-5081 implementation of Relational Data File Relational Data File, a system for infer- P-3411 ence execution and data retrieval overall view of the Rand computer text RM-5085 and catalog system P-3476 experimental scheme to translate natural need to protect information privacy in language data retrieval requests time-shared computer files P-3523 RM-5150 on-line computer classification of hand- JOSS accounting and performancemeasur4- printed Chinese characters P-3568 ment MM-5217 JOSS program and users' guide for latent 'annotated bibliography on privacy in the searching through index terms P-3648 computer age RM-5495 logical aspects of question-answering by annotated bibliography on privacy in the eomputer: the Relational Data File computerage, Vol. 2 BM-5495/1 P-4251 . information-processing implications of teletype vs video console use in computer USAF space missions, 1970-1980 RM-6213 searching for legal precedents P-4448 use of magnetic tape for reporting cost information RM-6313 use of computers in processing and analy- INFORMATION SYSTEMS sis of geographic information P-2593 electronic data processing-for cities relationship of Rand 'Video Graphic System P-2714 to ARPA computing network R-664 cybernetic, way of studying p-2879 Soviet information and communication sys- cost factors for companies using EDP tem based on computer network R-700/4
P-3236 . integration of base maintenance management future' computer technology P-3279 RM-4849 regulating mechanisms needed for future Relational Data File, a system for infer- computer/communications networks Pf-3466 ence execution and data retrieval future expansion of computer capabilities RM-5085 P-3533 Russian research on advanced high-speed Russian survey.of,data storage devices information retrieval systems RM-6000/1 P-3600/21 USAF Personnel Data SYstemOfficers: computer gap between U.S. and,USSR, P-3641_ history of software development RM-6271 social implications of a computer utility how cities should approach data processing P-3642 P-2610 future potential of the computer P-3656 linguistic information retrieval system privacy aspects of the cashless, checkless under development in Moscow P-3600/20 society: Senate testimony P-3822 testimony before State Assembly Committee transcript of Tenth Computing SymposiuM: on invasion of privacy P-4214 "The Teaching of CoMputin9" logical aspects of question-answering by MARK IV and SGS, an on-file-data manage- computer: the Relational Data File
ment system P-4014 . P-4251 testimony before State Assembly Committee computer data banks and security controls op invasion of privacy P7-4214 P-4329 computer data banks and security tontrols the ARPA nationwide computing network and P-4329 , the Data Reconfiguration Service P-4673 ADMATCH, a computer'tool for Urban studies commuteXs in society's future: problems P-4532' of information system privacy P-4684
INFORMATION RETRIEVAL INFORMATION THEORY natural language in compUter form RM-4390 interrOgation-Of a,tomPuter te prodtice the catalog: a ,flexible data structure CemprehenSiot-like resPonses, for magnetic tape RM-4645 review of conceptS and Applica'tion of cp
relatioeal-data file to mechanize bernetics: P.3144-1 , inference executiot and .data'retrieval Rm-4793 I8M7040/7044 -Programs ,to store, re-7fOrmat, -and' print out natural texts RM-49.20 logical study of'answering questions by the Integrated Graphics'System (IGS) for computer RM-5428 theTDM 2250 RM -5531'
. ,
-15- integrated graphics system for the duction computing RM-4162 S-C 4060, part I, user's manual RM-5660 arithmetic and function evaluation routines integrated graphics system for the S-C RM-5028'-' 4060; part 1, system programmer's guide JOSS console:service routines RM-5044 RR-5661 remote computation using the RAND JOSS IGS, the Integrated Graphics System for system RM-5058 the S-C 4060 P-3722 detailed description of system monitor RM-5216 accounting and performance measurement INTELLIGENCE RM-5217 design of JOSS remote typewriter console countermeasures against unauthorized . RM-5218 access to information in computers the JOSS primer RM-5220 P-3504 disc file system RM-5257 unauthorized access to information in JOSS central processing routines RM-5270 remote-access time-shared computers problem solving for engineers RM75322 P-3544 statistical summary of first year of opera- tion on PDP-6 RM-5359 JOSS NoteboOk: -loose-leaf reference INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS guide RM-5367 JOSS language: desk reference, pocket Soviet pressure on Czechoslovakia tO reference, and poster summary RM=5377 Sovietize her computer industry R-700/2 assembly listing of the JOSS-supervisor unit RM5437 history of JOHNNIAC, computer for JOSS I
INVENTORY CONTROL RM-5654 , JOSTRAN, a:JOSS dialeCt that expedites development of. OCAMA weapon system project FORTRAN programming .RM-6248 RM7422O program for constrained shortest-path solu- autoMation of inventory control in 0SSR tions-to mUltistAge'deciSiOns: RM-6338 p-3600/23 - description of Johnniac Open:Shop System computerized management of Soviet trade F-2922
.and commerce -.133600/24 : exampleS of Use Of'an experimentalon-line computing service P-3131 examples of conversation's in algebraiC ISPL langUage - :an experimental computing service to Use principles of operation of.the ISPL machine atremote typewritet-conSolesH P-3149 R-562 introduction to JOSS system:implementation
specifications for ISPL, the Incremental FF-3486 : Systems Programming Language R-563 jOSS rubrics or principles:of system de- ISPL Basic File System and file subsystem sign - for computing research support R-603 interactive use of JOSS cOnsoles-insimula- Ports, a method for dynamic interprogram tionand war gaMing. 4-3606 communication and job control R-605 JOSS:program:and users' :guide for:patent searching through index terms: final compilation Of the,JOSS NewSletter: ' JOHNNIAC HA,ToVember1967-JuneH,1971 .1'-73940/7, history of Rand's JOHNNIAC computer BM-5654 LABOR description of the Open-Shop System (JOSS) P-2922 effects of automation on Soviet labor eulogy at decommissioning ceremonies force RM-6000/5 P-3313 LAUNCH 'VEHICLES JOSS BOOST progiam_ for, estimating powered
effect on problem solving of forced lockout rocket :per.formance . R-7670 . between JOSS interactions R-513 integration 'of man and computer in problemsolving on JOSS: effect of arbi- ,prelaunch checkout .RM-4506 trary console lockout times R-520 separable redundant computers for space BOOST program for powered rocket perfor- .'systems RM-4573 Mance, vith JOSS language summary R-670 demonstration teSt of .computer-assisted on-line computer program for the analysis countdown RM7-5005. of border-control problems R-687 moving netwOrk display for 'active moni- for individual:Problem solving vs pro- toring of automated checkout` P-3522 .4 -16- LAW ,MAINTENANCE teletype vs video console use in computer event-chain flowcharting by AUTOSATE .searching for legal precedents P-4448 RA-3320 computers in society's future: problems evett-chain flowcharting by AUTOSATE
of information system privacy F-4684 RM-3976 . program for aggregate base stockage policy of recoverable items RM-4395 LIBRARY SCIENCE reliability of ground-based digital cemputerS RA-4511 JOSS program and users' guide -for patent SIMSCRIPT program for computer-assisted searchihg through index terms P-3648 maintenance planning RM-4563 separable redundant computers for space
. systets RM-4573 .LIKGUISTICS new version of event-chain flowcharting in AUTOSATE RM-4729 the MIND system and its data structure for integration of base maintenance management semantic information processing R-837 RN-4849 the heuristic compiler RA-3588 a zero-one linear programming .approach to natural language in computer form RA-4390 scheduling with limited resources Catalog Input/Output System RA-4540 RA-5561 the catalog: a flexible data structure a stochaStic network approach to test and foc magnetic tape RM-4645 checkout with GERT simulation P-4486 FORTRAN and MAP routines to handle natural language texts in complex formats RM-4920 MANAGEMENT Relational Data File, a syStem for infer- enCe:executiOn and data rettieval new Soviet Institute for Nanagement of the RM-5085 National Economy R-700/3 RusSianEnglish dictionaty of cybernetics event-chain flowcharting by AUTOSATE and computer technology (Second Edi- RA-3320 tion), R11-5108-71 event-chain flowcharting by AUTOSATE experimental scheme to translate natural. RA-3976 language data retrierval requeJts development of inventory management at OCAMA RA-4220 ApAREL:.a_parse7requeSt language used technique for use of computer managers to with PL/IsemanticsEA561,171 improve efficiency R11-4232 experimental eatomatic translation into' new version of event-chain flowcharting in Russian for U.S.. patent information AUTOSATE R11-4729 RA76000/8 integration of base maintenance management design philosophy of Relational-iData File RA-4849
' P-3408 charting technique for analysis of business implementation of Relational Data'File systems P-3109 P-3411 software evaluation in choosing computer overall yiew of,the Rand.Computer text systems P-3581 and Catalog system ,P-.34,76. - management systems in USSR P-3600/10 on-line Computer:classification cf hand Soviet coordinated production management printed ChineSe charaCters- research P-3600/13 use of computets in Soviet ,linguistiCS MARK IV and SGS, an on-file data manage- P-3600/20 ment system P-4014
LGGIC THEORY MACHINE ,MANAGEMENT INpORMATION SYSTEMS
teaching program for the Logic Theory . potential. uses pf the computer and video,- Machine (LT) RA-3731 tape in criminal courts ,P-45E1,
LOGISTICS MANPOWER program for aggregate base stockage policy effects of automation on employment and of recoverable items RM-4395 the social responsibility problem SIASCRIPT program for computer-assisted P-3163 maintenance planning R11-4563
mapPing by ComPuter graphics,especially
8 -17-
for satellite antenna coverage R-525 . USSR RM-6000/6 comparison of methods of storing topo- description of Rand's current and potential graphic map data in computers RM-4636 bioscience programs RM-6047 a Compact statistical method of represent- brain tumor diagnosis by computer and ing terrain in digital computers by using diagnostic tables in USSR RM-5081 RM-6200/8 use of computers in mapping P-2593 computerizing diagnosis of gastric and heart diseases, cancer, in USSR P-3600/11 MARKETS remote diagnosis of electrocardiograms in USSR P-3600/16 innovation and competitive advantage in use of computers in the delivery of medi- the international computer industry cal care P-4019 BOOK
METEOROLOGY MARKOV PROCESSES use of Graphic ROCKET to design a analysis of movement in large-scale mili- hurricane-photography satellite RM-6032 tary personnel systems R-514 movement in military perSonnel systems, program.reference manual R-,534 MILITARY PERSONNEL flow model. program listings of movement in military personnel systems R-535 analysis of movement in large-scale mili- tary personnel systems R-514 movement in military personnel systems, MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING program reference manual R-534 flow model program listings of movement in dynamic programming, intelligent machines, military personnel systems R-535 and self-organizing systems RM-3173 a zero-one linear programming approach to scheduling With limited resources MILITARY PLANNING RM-5561 survey of Soviet work in linear programming use of computers in military construction RN-6200/2 P-3600/21 dynamic programming approach to constrained Soviet tactical exercises and operations shortest-path problems RM-6338 research methods P-3600/22
MATHEMATICS MIND table of the first 6,000,000 prime numbers the MIND system and its data structure for semantic information processing R-837 approximations for digital computers BOOK dynamic programming, intelligent achines, and self-organizing systeas RM-3173 NOBILITY JOSS: arithmetic and fanction evaluation analysis of movement in large-scale mili- survey of Soviet work in the theory of tary personnel systems R-514 computer programming RM-5424 movement in military Personnel systems. need for applied mathematicians in Pr°gram reference manual R-534 Soviet Mnion EK-6000/10 flow model program listings of movement in on-line symbolic mathematics with military personnel systems ''i-535 hand-printed two-dimensional input RN-6018 statistical concepts in computational MODELS mathematics RM-6297 99-GATE laneuage for performing algebraic' discussion of some models used in urban computations P-2602 and decisionmaking research P-3734 need for bigger computers for usein BIONOD: an int -ractive computer-'-graphics mathematics p-2863 system for biological modeling P-4410 fundamental physical limits t comPuting 'power P-4208 MUSIC MEDICINE discussion of music composed by Oral-2 electronic computer p -3600/18 modeling artificial intelligence in the -18-- NETWORKS new amorphous chalcogenide glass for optics, lasers, semiconductors relationship of Rand Video Graphic System RM-6000/11 to ARPA computing network R-664 Soviet information and communication, sys- tem based on computer metwork R.700/4 ORBITS computer simulation of adaptive routing techniques for distributed communica- program for determining errors in position tion systems RH-4782 and velocity of satellites RM-3609 computer-simulated real-time moving net- space tracking error propagation and orbit work Aisplay of spacecraft checkout prediction program (TEPOP) .11M-6256 RM-5181 dynamic programming approach to constrained shortest-path problems 11M-6338 PALL trends in network planning and control in USSR P-3600/23 PALL: RAND program for automated computerized management of Soviet trade addressing RM-4258 and commerce P-3600/24 storage layout to reduce computer memory requirements P-4459-1 PATENTS a stochastic network approach to test and checkout with GERT-simulation 1374486 JOSS program.and users! guide .for patent the ARPA nationwide computing network and searOhing through .index terns P-3648 the Data Reconfiguration Service P-4673 PATTEAN RECOGNITION NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Soviet RUTA-701, ChARS-.65, And; Blapk-1 Soviet concept of a logic device based on automatic readers 11700/4 Neuronlike elements RH-6000/10 computex:recognition.of Rand studies of neurophysioiogy of human hAnd-writtenHchaiacters', vision and pattern recognition RH-6047 realrtime reCognition of :handprinted text overview of Soviet neurobionics RM-6200/6 .:usino'.RAND,Tablet 01-5016 impact of cybernetics on theoretical rea37timerecognitiOn:ofhandprinied P-2879 text: po,rOgramddcumentatiom.11M-5550 voice reCognitionreSearch imGeorgia (BSSR).:: ,,11076000/1 NUMERTCAL ANALYSIS Rissian:Ae-viceSifOrH,reading typeAdata, and' spoken comMAnds fur the BES116 table of the first 6,000,000 primenumbers 20-6000/8 HOOK . Soviet concept.of a logicdevice baseA on a zero-one linear programming approachto Reuronlike: elements RM-6000/10 scheduling with limited resources SpeeCbrecognitiOnby.:..RESH-3: of input RM-5561 using 417WorAmocabulary 2116,000/11 curve fitting and editing using RAND on-line symbolic mathematics with Tablet and IBM 2250 on IBM 360/40 hand-printed two77dimeusional inpu-t-
P-3742 81176018'. ' I. 'informatiOn processing implications of Air.Torce image,processing plans OcEANOGRAPHY 11M76213 !, on71ine computer ,recognitiOn. of handwritten Soviet research vessels RM-6000/10 ChineSe characters P=.7568- special-purpose computer for oceanographic Aut6Uatic text reading research-and evaluations P-3600/14 pr*gresS in USSR: 137.3600/3 Pattern !Recognition'Laboiatori at Novo-,
sibirsk Science City, Siberia- , ,P.-3600/16., OPERATIONS RESEARCH descriptiOn_ofRuta7701, first-industrial, reading dMVide inV*USSR P-3600/18 cmputer aided advanced design and,per- ,report on a Soviet computer that will fOrManCe AnalySis of:air vebicles recognize,50 spokem -P73600/19 P74313'
PERSONNEL: _OPTICS analysis,of mOvement a_n Murk on glasslike! (nondrystalline) tary personnelHsystems HR-514c semiconductor im the Soviet bloc , factors Fri s,electing and'training- 0,1600.0/4 programm6rs for compater programming , -19- RM-3245 POGO job performance stUdy of coMputer program- ling personnel RM-4033 description of POGO (Programmer-Oriented data processing ofipersennel records at Graphics Operation) RM-5825 the Air Reserve Records Center BM-4188 extensions to PL/I for interactive effects of automation on the Soviet. :computer grapbics RM-6028 work force RM-6000/9 POGO user's manual: I. general aids USAF Personnel Data System7--Officers: to graphic programming RM-6114 history, of software developMent. BM-6271 problems ofcomputer personnel in1liring 13rogrammers 2-2782 POLAND effectof computerixed :files on personnel , selection 2-3780 disputes concerning, coMputer activities in computer programmers: new needs call for two Eastern European countries newcharacteristics 2-4417 BM-6200/7
PHOTOGRAPHY POLICE potential uses of the computer and video- Soviet cybernetics in criminalistics tape in criminal courts P-4581 P-3600/23
PHYSICS POLITICAL SCIENCE work on glasslike (noncrystalline) privacy aspec r: of the cashless, checkless semicondtctors in the Soviet bloc society: :,enate testimony 2-3822 RM-6000/4 Soviet-planned 1000-Bev synchrotron mathematical research in the USSR POPULATION RM-6000/9 Soviet advances in semiconductors, ionic computerized demographic forecasting in liquid-state circuits BM-6000/11 Ukraine BM-6000/1 Soviet R&D redirected: Academy of Sciences annual meeting reports BM-6200/8 fundamental physical limits to computing PRICES power P-4208 potential computer speeds and principles :pricing problems in Soviet cOmputer-cen- of physics that will limit them P-4710 ters .uhder the new profit/loss system . "RM6000/11 PHYSIOLOGY PRIVACY user's manual for Rand's program for solving chemical composition problems annotated bibliography on privacy in the' B-495 computer age RM-5495 interactive graphics program for simulat- annotated bibliography on privacy in the ing kinetic chemical,systems RM-5925 computer n9e. Vol. 2 .,BM-5495/1 model of fluid reservoir system using regulation of computer utilities to pro- BIOMOD 2-4410 tect privacy of infornation 2-3466 computers and our future P-3501 countermeasares against unauthorized PITTSBURGH access to informition in computers P-3504 policy-assisting simulation model of privacy and the automation of mental community renewal in Pittsburgh P-4446 health records 2-3523 protecting information in remote-access' multi-user computer systems 2-3544 PLANNING . privacy aspects'of the cashless, checkless society: Senate testimony P-3822 use of Computers it 4Conomic planting in testimony before State Assembly Committep ,the USSR RM-6000/6 on invasion of privacy 2-4214 effect of computer-Shortages.on economic: computer data banks and security controls planning in USSR:H P-3600/17 computers in society's future:',,' problems of information system. privacy P=4684
1/1 -20- PROBABILITY experimental scheme to translate natural language data retrieval requests generating gamma variates with nonintegral RM-5150 shape parameters for simulation R-641 a logical study of answering questions by statistical concepts in computational computer RM-5428'
. mathematics RM-6297 interrogation of a computer to produce comprehension-like responses P-3006 PROBLEM SOLVING QUEUEING effect on problem solving of forced lockout
between JOSS interactions 2.7-513 : a zero-one linear programming approach to problemsolving on JOSS: effect of arbi- scheduling with limited resources traryconsole.lockout times R-520 RM-5561 dynamiCprogramming, intelligent machines,: andselforganizing systems:: RM-3173 evaluation:of coeputer simulation method RADIO ology in a social context P-4446 mapping by computer graphics especially for satellite antenna coverage R-525 PRODUCTION microwave transmission for computer data communications, and FCC rules P-3685 increased production through use of com- puters _Ln aerospace industry RM-5264 automated, control systems in the USSR', RAND RM-6000/6 automation of Soviet industry, ,RM-6200/3 transcript of the Fifth Annual Rand Com- automation in soviet textile pl-mts puter Symposium RM-3324 RM-6200/5 PALL: RAND program for automated Soviet coordinated production management addressing RM-4258 research P-3600/13 IBM 360/65: RANDIs next computer P-3892 official USSR guidelines for automated industrial control systems P-3600/18 RAND MANUALS PSEUDOCOLOR Rand-SHARE manual for IBM 7090 RM-3327 integrated graphics system for the computer techniques for pseudocolor image S-C 4060, part I, useres manual RM-5660 enhancement R-787 integrated graphics system for the S-C use of SC4060-produced microfilm in 4060; part 1, system programmer's guide pseudocolor transformations P-4465 RM-5661 SIMSCRIPT II programming language: IBM 360 implementation RM-5777 PSYCROLOGY userbehavior inproblem-solving with RAND PERIODICALS interactive computer asSistance R7513. Soviet conferences on general _arid:lndus- Soviet Cybernetics Review, vol. 1; No. trialpsychology RM-7000/5 (February 1971) R-700/1 Soviet. comPuter:,sieUlatiOnOf :experlments Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 1, No. :EUI6209/1 (March 1971) R-700/2 Soviet:trends in matheiatical psychology Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 1. No. 3
P-3600/22 (May 1971) ' R-700/3 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 1, No.
(July 1971) R-700/4 . PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION' Soviet,cybernetics: recent news- itees, Voi'=-,3 No. 1 (Jan. 1969) RM-6000/1 licensing and regulatorypolicy for Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, computeisystems and'data links P73685 Vol. 3,'No. 2 '(Feb. 1969) RH-6000/2 Soviet cybernetics: recent_newsHitems, Vol. 3, No.3 (Mar. 1969) R1Tr6000/3 Q UESTION7A NS WE RING SYSTEMS Soviet, cybernetics: recent news items, Vol. ,3; No. 4 (Apr. 1969) RH-6000/4 the MIND system*anditslata struCture lor Soviet cybernetics: recent newritems,
semantiCiOrMation prOsessIn ' R7,837 Vol. 3, No.5 (May 1969) 8M-76000/5 RelationalData File, a 'pletem'fiit infer-7- SoViet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, 6 ence eXecution anA data retrieval' (June 1969) RM-6000/6 RM-.5085 Soviet Cybernetics Reveiw,'Yal. 3,,No. 7 -21-
(July 1969) EA-6000/7 USAF space rp,issions, 1970-1980 RA-6213 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, No. 8, August 1969 RA-6000/8 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, No. 9 REENTRY VEHICLES (Sept. 1969) RA-6000/9 Soviet Cybernetics Review: Vol. 4, No.1, Graphic ROCKET: a computer-graphics Jan. 1970 RA-.6200/1 system for trajectory analysis RM-6032 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, space tracking error propagation and orbit Feb. 1970 RH-6200/2 Prediction program (TEPOP) 81-6256 Soviet Cybernetics:Review, vol. 4, no. 3 (Mar. 1970) RA-6200/3 Soviet Cybernetics Review, vol. 4, no. 4, REGRESSION ANALYSIS April 1970 RH-6200/4 Soviet Cybernetics Review, vol. 4, no. 5, text on regression analysis, selection, May 1970 RH-6200/5 sensitivity testing BOOK Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4, No. 6, cluster analysis and multiple regression June 1970:- RA-6200/6 anal/sis of computer use data 8-573 Soviet Cybernstics Review: Vol. 4, No, 7, July 1970 RH-6200/7 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4, No. 8, RELATIONAL DATA FILE September-1970 RH-6200/8 Soviet Cybernetics.Review, No. 10, a tool for mechanized inference .1970 index RA-6200/10 ' execution and data retrieval RA-4793 Soviet cybernetics: recent news Items, experimental scheme to translate natural Ao.H23 (Oct. 1968) P-3600/23 language data retrieval requests Soviet cybernetics: reCent news items, RM-5150 No. 23 (Dec. 1968) P73600/24 a logical study of answering .questions by Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, computer RA-5428 Ro.,24 (rec.' 1968).: annualimdex RDF: experience with a system for propo- P7..3600/25: , sitional data storage and inference final compilation-of the JOSS Newsletter: RA-5947 November 1967-4Une 1971 P73940/7 design philosophy of Relational Data File P-3408 implementation of Relational Data File- TABLET P-3411 logical aspects of question-aiswering by investigating a method for computer computer: the Relational Data File recognition and hand-writtem characters P-4251 RA-3753 a graphic input device for computers RA-4122 RELIABILITY tabular representations of multivariate functions for computer use RA-4636 reliability of ground-based digital used in demonstration test of computers RA-4511 computer-assisted countdown RA-5005 separable redundant computers for space real-time recognition-of handprinted text systems RA-4573 using RAND Tablet, _RA-5016 on-line graphical iirogramming and rperation of a moving network display RA-5183 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT real-time recognition of. handprinted . text: program documentation RA-5550 importance of R&D to Competitive advantage description of GRAIL project: goals, in the computer industry BOOK" , problems, and results RA-5999 Soviet information explosion and ways of GRAIL language and operations RA-6001 speeding up publication'- RA-6000/1 implementation of the GRAIL system RM-6002 computer control of experiments at on-line symbolic mathematics with Latvia State University Problem Lab hand-printed two7dimensional input barriers to USSR scientists: information on-line computer classification of hand- and publication delays RA-6000/I0 printed Chinese characters 'P-3568 proposed changes in SU education and curve fitting and-editing using RAND research to bridge the "R&D gap", Tablet and,IBM 2250 on IBM 360/40 RH-6000/11 historical survey of Soviet comPuter technology, 1941-1970 RH-6200/1 trendsin Soviet computer application: RECONNAISSANCE RA-6200/4 vUM Plantls role in joint Soviet information processing implications design 81-6200/5 -22- Soviet computer design and production in of computers P-3642 Armenia RM-6200/6 testimony before State Assembly Committee reorganization of Soviet R&D effort on invasion of privaCy P-4214 P-3600/24 computer,data banks and security controls impact of future developments in computer P-4329 technology P-4401 computers in, society's future: problems of information system privacy P-4684 ROMANIA SEMANTICS disputes concerning computer activities in two Eastern European countries the heuristic compiler RM-3588 AM-6200/7 electronics industry in Romania RM-6200/8 SHIPS SAN FRANCISCO Soviet research vessels RM-6000/10 policy-assisting simulation model of community renewal in San Francisco SIMSCRIPT P-4446 user's and programmer's manual for sIMSCRIPT II programming language BOOK SATELLITES reference manual for SIMSCRIPT II program- ming language BOOK mapping by ,Conputer graphicS especially detailed description-of SIMSCRIPT BOOK for satellite antenna coverage, R-525 brief review of SIMSCRIPT RM-3778 program for,determining errorS.inAposition technical appendix on SIRSCRIPT language and velocity,of satellitesy BM-3609 RM-3813 use of Graphic ROCKET to Aesign a modify and restart routines for SIMSCRIPT lurriCane7photography satellite R1-6032 game.3 and simulation experiments space traCking error propagation and'orbit RM-4242 prediction program IT4PopyRD17.6256 used in Job Shop Simulation Program Generator (JSSPG) R1-4460 SIMSCRIPT program for computer-assisted SCENARIOS maintenance planning R1-4563 used in program generator R1-5129 the professor and'the computer, 1985 SIMSCRIPT II programming language: IBM P-3527 360 implementation R1-5777 a FORTRAN programmer's introduction to SIMSCRIPT II R1-5937 SCHEDULING general description of SIMSCRIPT P-2658 advantages of slmulation with SINSCRIPT program for aggregate base stockage policy P-2826 of recOverable items RM74395. introduction to SIMSCRIPT I/ programming SIMSCRIPT program for,computerisaisted language P-3314 maintenance planning R1-.4563: development of nei,digital simulation a zero-onelinear programming.approach. t languages .P-3348 scheduling with limited.-resources'., statistical considerations in computer R175561 simulation experiments P-3608 simulation programming using SIMSCRIPT II- an example with annotations P-3861 SECURITY annotated bibliography on privacy in the :socIlip SCIENCES. computer age RM-5495 annotated bibliography on privacy in the annotated bibliography on Privacy in the computer age, Vol. 2 R1-5495/1 compUter age R11-5495 : - regulation of computer utilities ,to pro- annotated bibliography on,privacy in the tect privacy of information P-3466 '-'computer age,-VOl. 2,AM-5495/1- countermeasures against unauthorized development.:OfSOviet ,prognosticS:. access to information in computers Modelingsocial phenomena, 'RA.6000/5 P-3504 effects'of2sCience, :technology,"andauto-. privacy and the automation of mental mation-On the social structure.' P-2908 health records P-3523 effects' of aUtoMation'onemployment and protecting information, in remote-access 'the SoCial resPonSibility problem multi-user computer systems P-3544 PT-3163 invasion of privacy through increased use communications, computers, and effects -23--
people P-3235 statistical considerations in computer social implications of the computer utility simulation experiments .P-3608 P-3642 interactive graphic system for curve changes in American character due to fitting and editing P-3766 computerized records P-3780 use of'computer accounting data to measure evaluation of computer simulation method- system modification P-4536-1 ology in a social context P-4446 SUBMARINES SPACECRAFT _ simulati02 of Submarine-launched missile BOOST program for estimating powered duel ininteractive JOSS war game rocket performance R-670 P-3606 on-line computer-assisted monitoring of prelaunch checkout procedure RM-5183 cutaway view of Soyuk-3 -RM7-.6000/1 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Graphic .ROCKET: a 'computergraphics system for trajectory analysis RM-6032 new Soviet Institmte for Management of the correcting spacecraft trajectories at-a National Economy :R-700/3 Russian coordinating center P-73600/23 analysis of_decision:rules in decision tableS.' R5-3669 AUTOSATE, an aidto data system designand SPACE FLIGET control RM-3976 need for system analysts and system pro- optimization in space flight P-3600/21 grammers in Soviet Union RM-6000/10 charting technique for analysis of business systems P-3109 -"SPACE PROGRAMS approach to reassessment of goals in computer development P-3533 information processing implications of technique used in evaluating software in USAF space missions, 1970-1980 RM-6213 computer systems. P-3581
SPACE TECHNOLOGY TACTICAL AIR: BOOST program for estimating powered digital communications and EDP for an rocket performance R-670 advanced Tactical Air Control System integration of man and computer in PM-4431 prelaunch checkout RM-4506 three-console JOSS simulation of close air separable redundant computers for space support P-3606 systems .RM-4573 demonstration test of computer-assisted countdown RM-5005 TECHNOLOGY Soviet space medicine and 7.utomated diagnostics RN-6000/2 :innovation and competitive advantage in moving network display for active moni- the international computer industry toring of automated checkout P-3522 BOOK ion beam implantation and ion-carrying liquid-state circuits in USsR STATISTICS- RM-6000/11 technology and the automation explosion teXt on regressionanalysis. :selection, P-2908 sensitiVitytesting BOOK- future computer technology P-3279 cluster analySiS.;:and:Multiple;xegression bibliography on automation and technologi- analySis ofdompUter use.data R-7573 cal change and future studies P-3365-4 generating:gaama:iariates with nonintegral transcript of Tenth Computing Symposium: Shape 'parameterSfor sinulation R-641 "The Tea:Ching of Compu'ting" P-3998 a compadt Statistical method of,represent7 impact of future developments in computer ing-*.errain:in digital computers. technology P-4401 JOSS AcCOunting and perforiance measure- . mentRM,75217 TELEVISION' procedure for.ecOnbmizing computer time 'Jniicomparing simulationr,Ons RM45288-1 mapping by computer graphics especially methOd.S..of handling statistiCal phenOnena H for satellite antenna coyerage R=525 inConiputer simulation.RM-5883 closeACircuit TV systems for the visualiy statiSticalConceptt in computational , handicapped 111176947 mathematics RM,=6297, potential use's of'thecomputer and video-. -24-
tape in criminal courts P-458I (March 1971) R-700/2 use of data processing in city operations P-2610 TERMINOLOGY discussion of computer simulations for research in urban problems .2-3734 third-generation computer terminology: hov evaluation of computer simulation method- to understand IBM 360 manuals P-3892 ology in urban research 2-4446
TESTING USSR--CYBERNETICS integration of man and computer in computer technology and timesharing in the prelaunch checkout 2M-4506 Soviet Union R-522 demonstration test of computer-assisted Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 1, No. 1 countdown 2M-5005 (February 1971) R-700/1 moving network display for active moni- Soviet cybernetics Review, Vol. 1, No. 2 toring of automated checkout 2-3522 (March 1971) R-700/2 a stochastic network approach to test and Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 1. No. 3 checkout with GERT simulation 2-4486 (MaY 1971) R-700/9 . Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 1, No. (July 1971) R-700/4 TRACK cybernetics technology in USSR, 1959-1962, part I RM-.-3675 DISPLAY: a guide and sample input/output characteristics of,several Soviet computerS, of the TRACK FORTRAN debugger RM-5618 part 2 RM-3797 instruction formats for five Soviet computers, part 3 RM-3804 TRACKING Soviet cybernetics technology, part 4 nm-4461 space tracking error propagation and orVit Soviet process control computers, part 5 prediction program (TEPOP) RM-6256 ferrite-diode control computer for Russian-English dictionary of cybernetics automatic tracking 2-3600/14 and computer technology (Second Edi- tion) RM-5108-1 ALGOL 60 modified by Russians to handle TRAJECTORIES econom.ic calculations RM-5135 final report on the algorithmic language BOOST program for estimating powered ALGEC RN-5136 rocket performance R-670 summary and critique of the algorithmic Graphic ROCKET: a computer-graphics language ALGEC RM-5157 system for trajectory analysis RM-6032 survey of Soviet work in the theory of space tracking error propagation and orbit computer programming RM-5424 prediction program (TEPOP) RM-6256 review of general-purpose parallel Soviet graphic adaptation of RAND ROCKET trajec- caiputer system, part 11. RM-5551 tory analysis 2-3660 bibliography. of Soviet cybernetics work in 1964, part 10 RM-5587 Soviet cybernetics: recent news-items, TRANSPORTATION Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan. 1969), Rd-6000/1 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, use of computerized ticketing and reser- Vol. 3, No.,2 (Feb. 1969) RR-6000/2 vation system by the Soviets RM-6200/3 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, discussion of computer simulations for Vol. 3, No. 3 (Mar. 1969) RM-6000/3 research in transportation 2-3734 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Apr. 1969) RM-6000/4 SoViet cybernetics: recent news items, URBAN PLANNING Vol: 3, No. 5 (May 1969). RM-6000/5 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, No. 6 eleetronic:data prOceSsing for cities (June 1969) RM-6000/6 ,1327,14 Soviet Cybernetics Reveiw, Vol. 3, No. 7 impact,,Of Ookputer-commUnications tech- (July 1969) .RM-6000/7 nology 273562:, Soviet Cybernetics'Review, Vol. 3, No. 8, ADMATCM,..a computer tool for urban studies August 1969 RM=6000/8 4,-4532 Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, No. 9 (Sept. 1969) RM-6000/9 Soviet CybernetiCs Review, Vol. 3, No. 10 URBAN PROLLEMS (Oct.1969) RM-6000/10 Soviet Cybernetics 'Review, Vol. 3, No. 11 Soviet Cybernetics Review, , No. (Nov. 1969) RM-6000/11 -25-
Soviet Cybernetics Review: Vol.4,No,1, No. 20 (Aug. 1968) P-3610/20 Jan. 1970 RH-6200/1 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, Soviet Cybernetics Review,Vol.4,No.2, No. 21 (Sept. 1968) 2-3600/21 Feb. 1970 811-6200/2 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, Soviet Cybernetics Review,vol.4,no.3 No. 22 (Oct,. 196B) 2-3600/22 (Mar. 1970) RM-6200/3 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, Soviet Cybernetics Review, vol.4,no.4, Bo. 23 (Oct; 1968) 2-3600/23 April 1970 RM-6200/4 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, Soviet Cybernetics Review,vol.4,no.5, -No. 23 (Dec.1968) 2-3600/24 May 1970 RN-6200/5 Soviet:ybernetics: recent news items,
Soviet Cybernetics Review,Vol.4,No.6, . No...24 (Dec. 1968): annual index . June 1970 RM-6200,6 P-3600/25 Soviet Cybernetics Review; Vol.4,No.7, computer gap between U.S. and USSR 2-3641 July 1970 RM-6200/7 Soviet Cybernetics Review,Vol.4,No.8, September 1970 RM-6200/8 USSR--MILITARY Soviet Cybernetics Review,Vol.4,No.10, 1970 index RM-6200/10 use of teaching machines in Zabajkal, Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, Military District RM-6000/2 No. 1 (FNa). 1967) 2-3600/1 Russian military cybernetics, space, and Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, naval research RM-6200/5 No. 2 (Mar. 1967) P-3600/2 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, No. 3(Apr. 1967) 2-3600/3 ,r3SR--SCIENCE Soviet cybernetics: recent news items. No. 4 (Hay 1967) 2-3600/4 soviet R&D redirected: Academy of Sciences Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, annual meet5.4g,r4,tpokts RM-6200/8 No. 5 (June 1967) 2-3600/5 organization ara !treparation of Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, scientific disLertatlons 2-3600/21 No. 6 (July 1967) 2-3600/6 daily time bu'dge, of scientists at Siberian
Soviet cybernztics: recent news items, department of USSR Academy P-3603/22 - No. 7 (Aug. 1967) P-3600/7 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, No-=e- !Sept. 1967) P-3600/8 VIDEO GRAITIC SySTEM Soviet cybernetics: recent news Items, No. 9. (Oct. 1967) 2-3600/9 procedure and model description of the Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, Video Graphic System R-519 No. 10 (Noy. 1967) 2-3600/10 relationship of Rand Video Graphic System Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, to ARPA computing network R-664 No. 11(Dec. 1967) P-3600/11 Rand video graphic system, a general soviet cybernetics: recent news items, user-computer communication system No. 12 (Dec. 1967) and 1967 index R-753 2-3600/12 extensions to PL/I for interactive Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, computer graphics RM-6028 No. 13 (Jan. 1968) 2-3600/13 graphics for simulation problem-solving Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, in designing Video Graphics RM-6112 No. 14 (Feb. 1968) 2-3600/14 Soviet; cybernetics: recent news items, No. 15 (Mar. 1968) P-3600/15 W AR GAMING Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, No. 16 (Apr. 1968) 'P-3600116 .interactile'-aSe-oi JOSS-consoles in simula- Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, tion:and wargaming 2-3606 No. 17(May 1968) 2-3600/17 Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, No. 18 (June 1968) 2-3600/18 UEAPON SYSTEMS' Soviet cybernetics: recent news items, , No. 19 (July. 1968) 2-3600/19 development Of inventoryproject at Soviet cybernetics: recent news itens, OCAMA RM-4220 _
, 2 7 AUTHOR INDEX
BALZER, R.M.
R-562-AR?A The ISPL Machine: Princi- ples ofOperation. R-563-ARPA The ISPL Language Specifi- R-605-ARPA Ports--A Method fc Dynamic Interprogram Communication and Job Control. R-622-ARPA. On the Future of Computer Program Specification and Organization. AMDAHL, L. D. RM-5290-ARPA Dateless Programming. RM-5611-1-ARPA APARUL--A Parse-Request RM-4573-NASA Separable Redundant Com- LangUage. paters. RM-5772-ARPA EXDAMS--Extendable Debug- ging And Monitoring System. RM-6104-ARPA User's Manual for APAREL: ANDERSON, R. H. A Parse-Request Language. 2-3810 Block Programming in 0/S-360 RM-6018-PR An On-Line Symbolic Mathe- Assembly Code. matics System Using Hand-Printed Two-Dimensional Notation. RM-6028-ARPA Extensions to the PL/1 BARAN, P. Language for Interactive Computer Graphics. 2-3235 Communications, Computers and 2-4629 A Selective Bibliography of People. Computer Graphics. 2-3466 The Coming Computer Utility 2-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser-, --Laissez-Faire, Licensing or Regula- vice--An Experivent in Adaptable, Pro- tion? cess/Process Communication. 2-3523 Remarks on the Question of Privacy Raised by the Automation of Rental Health Records. ARMER, P. 2-3562 Urban Node in the Information Network. P-3478 Computer Aspocts of Technolog- P-3685 Communication Policy Issues for ical Change, Automation, and.Economic the Coming Computer Utility. Progress.. 2-3780 On the Future Computer.Sra: P-3641 . The Systems Gap. Modification of the Aierican Character 2-..3642 Social Implications of the and the Role of the Engineer, Or, A. Computeil- Utility. Little Caution in the Haste to Number. 2-3822 Privacy Aspects of the Cashless and Checkless Society. Testimony Before the Senate Subcommittee on Administra- BARSAMIAN,: tive Practice and Procedure. RM-5551-PR Soviet Cybernetics Tech- nology: XI. Homogeneous, General-Pur- ARMERDING, G. V. pose, High-Productivity. Computer Systems--A Review. RM-3306-PR FORTAB: A Decision Table Language for Scientific Computing Ap- plications. BEM, GL A. RM-5220-PR The JOSS Pr4mer. 2-3894 ComputerSoftware: The Evolu- P-4503 Interactive Simulationof Con tion within the Revolution. tinuous Systems: Progress andPros - pects. RAKER, C. L. BELCHER, S. J. BOOK The First Six Million Prime Num- bers. RM-3609-PR A domputing Prograa for RM-4162-PR JOSS: Scenario of a Filmed Determining Certain Statistical Pares- Report. eters'Associated with Position and RM -5058-PR JOSS: Introduction to a Velocity Errors for Orbiting and Re- Helpful Assistant. entering Space Vehicles.
RM-5218-PR JOSS: Console Design. , P-3560 JOSS: Rubrics. -28- BELL, T. E. BUBROW, D. G. R-519-PR Modeling the Video Graphics R5-3842-PP A Comparison of List-Proc- System: Procedure and Model Descrip- essing Computer Languages. tion. R-549-PR Computer Performance Analysis: Framework and Initial Phases for a Per- BOEHM, B. formance Improvement Effort. R-584-NASA/PR Computer Performance P-3484 Current Trends in Aerospace Analysis: Measurement Objectives and Computation and Some Implications. Tools. RM-6112-PR Computer Graphics for Simulation rroblem-Solving. BOEHM, B.W. P-3977 GAPSS (Graphical Analysis Pro- cedures for System Simulation). R-513-NASA A Study of User Behavior in Problemsolving with an Interactive Computer. BELLMAN, R. E. R-520-NASA Computer Systems Analysis Methodology: Studies in Measuring, RM-3173-PR Dynamic Programming, Intel- Evaluating, and Simulating Computer ligent Machines, and Self-Organizing systems. Systems. R-549-PR Computer Performance Analysis: P-2863 Bigger and Better Mathemati- Framework and Initial Phases for a Per-
cians. formance Improvement Effort. . P-2865 On the Explosion of Automation. RM-4636-PR Tabular Representations of P-2908 Science, T,Ichnology and the Mnitivariate Tunctions--With Applica- Automation Explosion. tions to Topographic Modeling. HH-4782-pR A Computer Simulation of Adaptive Routing Techniques for Dis- tributed Communications Systems. RM-5081-PR A Compact Statistical Meth- R-641-PR Generating Gamma Distributed od of Topographic Representation. Variates for Computer Simulation Models. RM-5825-PR POGO: Programmer-Oriented Graphics Operation.
RM-6032-PR , Graphic ROCKET: Scenario BERMAN, R. of a Filmed Report. RM-6213-PR Some Information Processing R M-5660-PR The Integrated Graphics Implications of Air Force Space Mis- System for the S-C 4060: I. User's sions: 1970-1980. Manual. P-3527 The Professor and the Computer: R11-5661-PR The Integrated Graphics 1985. System for the S-C 4060: II. System p-3533 Keeping the Upper Hand in the Programmer' s Guide. Man-Computer Partnership. RM-5925-NIH An Interactive Graphics P-3660 Graphical Aids to Aerospace Program for Studying Models of Kinetic Vehicle Mission Analysis. Chemical Systems. P-3742 Curve Fitting and Editing Via P-4410 - Modeling Continuous Systems with Interactive Graphics. BIOMOD--A Preliminary Report. F-3903 Third-Generation Computer Trends. BERNSTEIN, N. EatEwiR; RM-3753-ARPA Computer Recognitionof On-Line, Hand-Written Characters. P-4446 Evaluation and Innovation in Urban Research. BLACKWELL,
BROCK f-_P. RM-6018-PR An On-Line Symbolic Mathe- matics System Using Hand-Printed -3086 Use of Hybrid, Computing i Two-Dimensional Notation. Design Automation. P-4693 The Probable State of Computer Technology by 1980, with Some 'Implica- tions, for Education. , BROWN G U. RM-5531-ARPA The Integrated Graphics System for the IBM 3250. RM-5660-PP The Integrated Graphics -29- Systemfor the S-C4060: I. User's CASALI, H. Manual. BR-5661-PR The IntegratedGraphics P-4014 A Graphic Capability for MARK Systemfor the S-C4060: II. System IV. Prograamer's Guide. P-3722 IGS--The Integrated Graphics System for the S-C 4060. CERP., V. P-3892 The 360/65: RAND's 'Next Com- puter. P-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser- P-4417 Programming--The Quiet Evolu- vice-,-An Experiment in Adaptable, Pro- tion. cess/Process Communication.
BRYAN, G. E. CHESLER, L. RM-4258 PALL: RAND's Autosated Address RM-5183-PR The Application of On-Line Book. Graphical Techniques for Programming RM-5216-PR JOSS: User Schedu1ing and and Operating a "Moving Network" Moni- Resource Allocation. toring_Display. HM-5217-PB JOSS: Accounting and Per- P-3522 Sone Aspects ofManComputer i formance Measurement. Communication in ActiveMonitoring of. 1135359-PR JOSS: 20,000 Hours at the . Automated Checkout. Console--A Statistical Summary. RM-5367-PR JOSS Notebook. 211-5377-PR. JOSS Language. CLARK, R. RM-5437-PR JOSS: Assembly Listing of the Surpervisor. P-4410 Modeling Continuous Systems with P-3486 JOSS: Introduction to the Sys- BIOMOD--A Preliminary Report. tem Implementation. P-3661 The Dynamic Characteristics of computer ProgramS. COHEN,
. P-4014- - A Graphic Capability for MARK BRYAN IV. EE-3327pR The Ran&-SHARE operwang SyStem Mammal for the xpm 1090 COmputer. . . COHEN, I. K. 211-4849-PR Integrating Base Mainte- BUSH, C. nance Management by Unifying Its Infor- mation Systems in Manual and Comp:- RM-5531-ARPA Tte Integrated Graphics ter-Assisted Envirounents. System for the IBM 2250. 2E-5660-P2 The Integrated Graphics S/stem for the S-C 4060: I. User's COLBERT, Manual. RM-5661-PR The Integrated Graphics , Rand. System for the S-C 4060: II. System Programmer's Guide.. COLKER, A. BUTLER, D. D. P-2864 GLSP--A General Activity Simu- lation Program. 211-3976-PR Data System Design and Con- trol Using AUTOSATE--An Automated Data System Analysis Technique. CRECINE, J. P. RU-4729-PR Event-Chain Plow Charting in AUTOSATE: A New Version. P-3734 Computer Simulationin Urban Research. CARLISLE, J. H. CUTLER, L. P-4448 Comparing Behavior .at Various Computer Display Consoles in Time-Shared R-495-PR Rand's Chemical Composition Legal Information. : Po.ogram: A Manual. -30--
DAVIS, N. mentation. P-3697 On the Problem of Directness R114122ARPA The RAND Tablet: A Man- in computer Graphics. Machine Graphical Communication Device.
FAIRBROTHER, E. M. DELAND, E. C. RM-3320-PR AUTOSATE--Part II: P-4019 Computers and the Delivery of Event-Chain Flow Charting. Medical Care. RM-3976-PR Data System Design and Con- P-4503 . Interactive Simulation of Con- trol Using AUTOSATE--An Automated Data tinuous Systems: Pregress and Pros- System Analysis Technique. pects.
FARBER, D. J. DELAND, E. C., Ed. RN-5611-1-ARPA APAREL--A Parse-Request RM-6047-RC Biosciences at Rand. Language. RN-6028-ARPA Extensions to the PL/I Language for Interactive Computer DENARDO, E. V. Graphics. RM-4849-PR Integrating RaseMainte- nance Management by UnifyingIts Infor- FARQUHAR, J., A. nation Systems in Manual andCompu- ter-Assisted Environments. RM-6271-PR A Preliminary Inquiry into the Software Estimation Process. DIPAOLA, R. FINKLE, I. L. RN-5424-PR A Survey of Soviet Work in the Theory ofComputer Programming. P-3168/1 NOSY: A Core-saving Operat- ing System. DONCOV, B. FISHMAN, G. S. R-522-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technology: XII. Time-Sharing in the Soviet Union. RM-5288-1-PR Digital Computer Simula- tion: The Allocation of Computer Time in Comparing Simulation Experiments. DREZNEB, S. N. P-3608 Statistical Considerations in Computer Sicllation Experiments. R.1-5005-NASA Report on a Demonstration Test of Computer-Assisted Countdown. FOX, B. DUPCHAK, B. P-4459-1 How To Store It. R1-3879-PR TIPL: Teach Informaulon Processing Language. GABLER, R. T. R M-4320-PR LIPL: Linear Information Processing Language. RN-3609-PR A Computing Program for Determining Certain Statistical Param- eters Associated with Position and ELLIS, T. Velocity Errors Eor Orbiting and Re- entering Space Vehicles. R-664-ARPA ARPA Network Series: I. Introduction to the ARPA Network at Rand and to the Rand Video Graphics GATTO, 0- T. RM-4122-ARPA The RAND Tablat: A Man- RM-3320-PR AUTOSATE--Part II: Machine Graphical Communication Device. Event-Chain Flow Charting. RM-5999-ARPA The GRAIL Project: An RM-3976-PR Data System Design and Con- Experiment in Man-Machine Communica- trol Using AUTOSATE--An Automated Data
tions. , System Analysis Technique. RN-6001-ARPA The GRAIL Language and RM-4729-pR Event-Chain Flow Charting Operations. in AUTOSATE:', A New Version. RM-6002-ARPA The GRAIL System Imple- RM-5005-NASA Report on a Demonstration -31- Tr'A of Computer-issisted Countdown. GRAVES, P. A. RM-4920-PR Computer Routines To Read GAZLEY, C., Jr., Ed. Natural Text in Complex Formats. RM-60477RC Biosciences at Rand. GREENBERGER, N. GAZLEY, J. B., Trans. 273562 Urban Node in the Information Network. RM-5135-PR. Soviet Cybernetics Technol- 2-3656 The Computer--Hero or Villain?. ogy: VII. ALGEC--Report on an Algo- rithmic Language for Economics Calcula- tions (Preliminary Version). GREENWALD, I. RM-5028-PR JOSS: Arithmetic and Func- G.E8014 J.,B. tion Evaluation Routines. RM-5044-PR JOSS: Console Service 2-4313 Computer Aided Advanced Design Routines (The Distributor). and parfornance of Airborne .Vehicles. RM-5257-PR JOSS: Disc File System.
GEISLER, M. A. GREENWOOD, P. W. RM-3773-PR A Brief Review of SIMSCRIPT 2-4581 -, Potential:Usesof the Computer as a Simulating Technique. in CriminalCourtS.
GILLOGLY, J. J. GRONER, 2-4428 MAI: A FORTRAN Chess,Player. RM-5016-ARPA Real-Time Recognition o Handprinted Text. Rm-5550-ARPA Real-Time Recognition of GIRBLE, F. Handprinted Text: Program Documenta- tion. RM-5322-PR JOSS: Problem Solving for RN-5925-41TH An Interactive Graphics Engineers. Program for Studying Models of Kinetic Chemical Systems. 2-3568 On-Line Computer Classification GINSBERG, A. S. of Handprinted Chinese Characters as a Translation Aid. RM-4460-PR Programwing by Question- 2-4410 Modeling Continuous Systems with naire. BIOMOD--A Preliminary Report. RM-5129-PR Programming by Question- naire: How to Construct a Program Generator. GRUENMERGER,,F..-.-J. RM-5162-PR Programming by Question-
naire: The Job Shop Simulation.Pro- BOOK. , The FirSi Six Million Prime Num- gram Generator. bers. 2-3141 Simulation Programming aua BOOK Introduction ,to Electronic Com- Analysis of Results. puters. Boo.K PrOblems for Computer Solution. :RM.75654-PR The History of the JOHNNIAC- .:.GLASEMAN, S. :2-2.6 :Benchmarka in Artificial In- telligence. 2-4585 Computer Memory.Banagement:at 2-259,7 Computer Training and Educa- Rand. , tion: . The Picture in 1962. 02768, ',The Whyand Row ofComputing inthe SecondarY Zahools..: GRAHAM, R. ,P72786 Rhat.Should.We Compute? 2-72998 The,Teaching of Computing RM-6248-PR JOSTRAN: AR Interactive 2-30.44, ''The Roleof!the Computer in JOSS Dialect for Writing and Debugging :Secondary- Sehools., FORTRAN Programs. 2-3163 Whit IS the "Social Responsi-, 2-4221 The Parallel, Pipeline, and yhility" Problem? Conventional Computer. 2-3236 Is.the, Data Processing'Field
2-4401 The Impact of Future Develop- So Different? : , ments in Computer Technology. Free-,Standing cosi- -32- paters Here to Stay? HASTINGS, C., Jr. SOON Approximations for Digital Com- GRUENBERGER, F. J., Ed. puters. RM-3324-PR The Fifth Rand Computer Simposium. HAUSNER, B. P-.3998 The Tenth Rand Computing Sympo- sium._ BOOK SIMSCRIPT: A Simulation Pro- gramming Language. RN-3813-PR Technical Appendix on the HALL, K. J. SIMSCRIPT Simulation Programming Lan- guage. R-514-PR A Markovian Flow Model: The Analysis of Movement in Large-Scale (Military) Personnel Systems. HAVERTY, J. P.
R-534-PR . Markoviop Flow Model: The Analysis of Movement in Large-Scale RM-3447-PR Programming Languages and (Military) Personnel Systems--Program Standardization in Command and Control. Reference Manual. P-2967 Pro-gramming Language Selection R-535-PR A Markovian Flow Model: The for Command and Control Applications. Analysis of Movement in Large-Scale P-3838 GRAIL/GPSS: Graphic On-Line (Military) Personnel Systems--Program Modeling. Listings.
-HAyS, D. HAMMIDI, RM74920.-PR computer Routines ToRead RM-4033PR: Coaputer Personnel Research': Natural:Text in Complex Foroats. :.Group Programmer Performance Prediction Study. HEAFFER, J. HARMAN, A. J. R-603-ARPA The ISPL Basic File System and File Subsystem for Support of Com- BOOK The International Computer In- putmng Research. dustry: Innovation and Comparative R-664-FARPA ARPA Network Series: I. Advantage. Introduction to the ARPA Network at Rand and to the Rand Video 'Graphics system. HARBISGW, RM-5999-AWFA 'The GRAIL Project: An Experiment in Man-Machine Communica- RM-5495-PR/RC The Problem of Privacy tions. in the Computer Age: An Annotated RM-6001-ARPA The GRAIL Language and Bibliography. Operations. RM-5495/1-PR/RC The Problem of Privacy RM-6002-A9PA The GRAIL System Imple- in the Computer Age: An Annotated Bib- mentation. liography, Vol. 2. P-3568 On-Line Computer Classification P-3365-4 Bibliography on Automation of Handprinted Chinese Characters as a and Technological Change and Studies Translation Aid. of the Future. P-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser- vice--An Experiment In Adaptable, Pro- cess/Process Communication. HARSLEM, E.F.
R-603-ARPA The ISPL Basic File System HEARLE, . F. R. and File Subsystem for Support of Com- puting Research. BOOK A Data Processing System for R-664-A8PA ARPA Network Series: 1. State and Local Governments. Introduction to the ARPNetwork at RM-4220-PR Studies in Data System De- Rand and to the Rand Video Graphics velopment: Tte OCAMA Weapon System System. Pro:,,vzt. P-4673 - The Data Reconfiguration,Ser-. P-2714 Electronic Data Processing for viCe--An Experimeatin,Adaptable, pro- Cities--The Broad Look. cess/Process ComodhiCatiet.
,tr,1 HEIRSCHFELDT, R. M. Recent News Items., Vol. 3_,No. 4. RN-6000/57PR Soviet Cybernetics: RM-5925-11IN An Interactive Graphics Recent News :Items, Vol. 3, No. 5. Program. for Studying Models of Kinetic RM-6000/6-PR Soviet:Cybernetics Review, Chemical Systems. Vol. 3,21.46. 6., : .RM-6000/7-,PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, VOX. 3, NO. 7. ,ffILL, L. AM-6000/3-pR Soviet Cybernetics Re- vieW, 'Vol. 3, NO. B. P-3625 Some Implications of Automated RN-6000/9-PR Soviet Cybernetic's Review, Designon the Engineering Process. ,Vol. 3, No'. 9. RM-6000/10-PR _Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol..3, No. 10. HOLLAND, W. B. RM-6000/11-PR Soviet: Cybernetics Re- view, Vol'. 3, No. 11. RM-5108-.1-PR Russian-English Diction- :RM-6200/17PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, ary of Cybernetics and Compnter Tech- Vol. 4, Bo. 1. nology, Second Edition, Revised and RM7-6200/2-PR ,Soviet CyberneticsRe- Enlarged. view, Vol. 4, No..2. 2M-6200/37-PR :Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4,:No. 3. HOLLAND, ii.B., Comp. RR-6200/4-PR -Soviet cybernetios Review, Vol., 4, No. P-3600/12 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent RM-6200/6-1?R Soviet Cybernetics Review, News Items, No. 12, Index to Issues VOl. 4",: No. 6. 1-11. RM-6200/7"TR Soviet Cybernetics Revie" Vol. 4, No. ,7, RN-6200/87PR: LSovietCybernetics Review, HOLLAND, V. B., Ed. Vol. 4, No.,8.
R116200/10-PR . Soviet Cybernetics Re- 9-700/1-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, view, Vol. 4, No. 10, 1970 (Index). Vol. 1, No. 1. P-3600/1 Soviet.Cybernetics: :Recent R-700/2-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, NeWs Items,.No. 1. Vol. 1, No. 2. P-3600/2 : poviet Cybernetics: Recent H-700/3-PR. Soviet Cybernetics Review, News Items, No'.-2. Vol. 1, No. 3. P-3600/3 -; Soviet Cybernetics: Recent 9-700/4-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, News Items, No.. 3. Vol. 1, No. 4. _P-!.3600/4 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent HM-3675-PR Soviet Cybernetics Tech- NewsItems, No. 4. , nology: I. Soviet Cybernetics, 173600j5: :.SovietCybernetics: Recent 1959-1962. ReWs-Items,'No.'5. RM-3797-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technol- P-.3600/6 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent ogy: II. General Characteristics of , News Items, NO.., 6. Several Soviet Computers. p-3600/7 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent RM-3804-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technol- Rews Items, No. 7. ogy:.II, Programming Elements of the pH3600/13 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent BESM, STRELA, Ural, M-3, and Kiev Com- Revs Items, No8. puters. P73600/9 Soviet: Cybernetics: Recent RM-4461-PR Soviet Cybernetics Tech- .NeitsItemSiNo. 9. nology: IV. Descriptions of the p-3600/10 Cybernetics: Recent
MN-11, MN-M, and MN-7 Analog Computers : News ItemS,'INo. 10. and of Three Miscellaneous Electronic P-3600/11 Soviet:Cybernetics: ReCent Devices. leWS!'Itens, NO. RM-4810-PR Soviet Cybernetics Tech- -rit.1699/12 .,ReCent nology: V. Soviet Process Control yelesjtem, No. 12,jndex to:Iss.Wes Computers. Translated by W. B. Holland, 2=7,3600/1.3 SowietCyberneticA: .Recent RM-5587-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technol- News Items, No. 3. ogy I. Bibliography,of Literature p773130)1.14 SOViet'-'Cybernetice- Recent Cited in 1964 Issues of the Journal of News Items, No.14. Abstracts--Cvbernetics. P-3600/15 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent RM-6000/1-pR Soviet Cybernetics: News Items, No.15. Recent News Items, Vol. 3, No. 1.
RM-6000/2-PR . Scmiet cybernetics: Recent News Items, Vol. 3, no. .2. ., Trans. RM-6000/3-PR Soviet Cybernetics: Recent News Items, Vol. 3, No. 3. soviet Cybernetics Tech- RM-6000/4-PR Soviet Cybernetics: IV. Descriptions of the -34- MN-11, MN-M,.-,And MN-7 Analog Computers Performance. and of Three Miscellaneous Electronic Devices. RM-5135-PR. Soviet Cybernetics Technol- KIVIAT, P. J.
. ogy: . VII. ALGEC--Report on an Algo- rithmic Language for Economics Calcula- BOOK The SIMSCRIPT II Programming tions (Preliminary Version). Language. R9-5136-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technól- HOOK The SIMSCRIPT II Programming ogy:. VIII. Report on the Algorithmic Language: Reference Manual. Language ALGEC Version). RM-4563-PR Computer-Assisted Mainte- nance Planning. RM-4849-PR Integrating Base Mainte- JAFFRAY, G. nance Management by Unifying Its Infor- mation Systems in Manual and Compu- BOOK problems for Computer Solution. ter-Assisted Environments. RM-5777-PR The SIMSCHIET II Program- ming Language: IBM 360 Implementation. JOHNSON, G. D. RM-5883-P1 Digital Computer Simula- tion: Computer Programming Languaaes. RM-3609-PR A Computing Program for P-2864 GASP--A General Activity Simu- Determining Certain Statistical Param- lation Program. eters Associated with Position and P-3314 Introduction to the SIMSCRIPT Velocity Errors for Orbiting and Re- II Programming Language. entering Space Vehicles. P-3348 Development of New Digital Simulation Languages. P-3349 Simulation Language Report JOSEPHS, W. H. Generators (or, I Hear You but I Don't
Know What You're Saying). ' RM-6027-ARPA An On-Line Debugger for P-3453 Development cf Discrete Digital OS/360 Assembly Language Programs. Simulation Languages. P-3599 Computer Simulation Program- ming Languages: Perspective and Prog- JUNCOSA, N. L. nosis. P-3861 Simulation Programming Using RM-6297-PR ,Statistical Concepts in SIMSCRIPT II. Computational Mathematics. ROSY, D. V. KAO, R. C. R-560-NASA/PR Experience with the Ex- P-2593 The Use of Computers in the tendable Computer System Simulator. Processing and Analysis of Geographic Information.
KOZAK A. S., Trans. : KARR, H. W. RM73804-pR SoViettCybernetics TechnO/- ogy:: :III,:Programming Elements:of the. BOOK SINCCRIPT: A Simulation Pro- Com-' gramming Language. puterS. P-2658 A Quick Look at SIMSCRIPT. KUHNS, J. I. KAY, M.
RM-542B-PR . Answering QuestionS by RM-4390-PR Natural Language in Com- COoPuter: -A Logical Study.
puter Torm. P-4251 . Logical Aspects of Ques- RM-4540-PR The Catalog Input/Output 'tion-Answering by Computer. RM-4645-PR The Catalog: A Flexible Data Structure for Magnetic Tape. LAMAR. Y3. R1-4920-PR Computer Routines To Read Natural Text in Complex Formats. R-787-NIM Computer Techniques for PSeudocolor Image:Enhancement. p-14465 -. .Use of SC4060-Produced Micro- KEPHART, D. C. 'film OUtput in Pseudocolor-Transforma- tions. R-670-PR BOOST: On-Line Computer Pro- gram for Estimating Powered-Rocket -35-
LAMB, V. R. Recent NewsItems, Vol. 3, No. 1. RM-6090/2-PR Soviet Cybernetics: HM-5825-PR POGO: .Programmer-Oriented Recent NewsItems, Vol. 3, No. 2. Graphics Operation. RM7-.6000/3-PR Soviet Cybernetics: RM-6032-2R Graphic.ROCKET: Scenario Uecent NewsItems, Vol. 3, No. 3. . of a Filmed Report. RM-6000/47PR Soviet Cybernetics: RM-6114-PR. POGO User's Manual: I. Recent Nef.irsItems, Vol. 3, No. 4. General Aids to Graphic Programming. RM-6000/5-PR Soviet Cybernetic:s: Recent News Items, Vol. 3, No. 5. P-3600/17 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent
LEVI2N, R. E. , News Items, No. 17. P-3600/18 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent RM-4793-PR Relational Data File: A News Items, No. 18. tool for Mechanized Inference Execution P-3600/19 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent and Data Retrieval. News Items, No. 19- RB-5085-PR A Computer System for In- 2-3600/20 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent ference Execution and Data Retrieval. News Items, No. 20. RH-5947-7PR Relational Data File: Ex- P-3600/21 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent perience with a System for Proposi- News Items, No. 21. tional Data Storage and Inference Ex- 2-3600/22 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent ecution. News Items, No. 22- P-3411 . Relational Dirta-File II: Im- P-3600/23 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent plementation. News Items, No. 23. P-4600 Instructional Uses of the Corer- . T-3600/24 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent puter in Higher Education. News Items, No. 24. P-4640 Institutions, Innovation, and 2-3600/25 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent . Incentives. News Items, No. 25.
LEVIER, R. E., Ed. spay,GHLIN, C. P. R-718-NSF/CCOM/RC Computers in Instruc- RM-5264-7R Computer Aids for Aerospace tion: Their Future for Higher Educa- Design and Engineering: Innoiation, tion; Proceedings of a Conference Held Economics, and Public Policy. October 1970.
MACNEILAGE, D. C. LOVE, P. L. RM-5618-PR DISPLAY--A Guide to the RM-5162-PR Programming by Question- TRACK FORTRAN Debugging System. naire: The Job Shop Simulation Pro- RM-6248-PR JOSTRAN: An Interactive gran Generator. JOSS Dialect for Writing and Debugging RM-5689-PR Programming by Question- FORTRAN Programs. naire: _Auxiliary Programs. MADDEN, J. LOVE, R. R. 2-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser- RM-4511-ARPA The Reliablility of vice--An Experiment in Adaptable, Pro- Ground-Based Digital Computers. cess/Process Communication.
LU, J. T.
RM-4395-PR Description of the Computer BOOK The SIMSCRIPT II Programming Program for Aggregate Base Stockage Language. Policy of Recoverable Items. BOOK SIMSCRIPT: A Simulation pro- gramming Language: RM-3778-PR A Brief Review of SIMSCRIPT MCCRACKEN, D. D. as a Simulating Technique. RM-3813-PR Technical Appendix on the BOOK Introduction toElectronic COm..- SIMSCRIPT Simulation Programming Lan- puters. guage RM-4242-PR Modify and Restart Routines for SIMSCRIPT Experiments. MCDONALD, .D.4 Ed. RM-4460-PR Programming by Question- naire. RM-6000/1PH' Soviet Cybernetics: RM-5129-PR -36- naire: How to Construct a Program METCALFE, B- Generator. RM-5162-PR Programming by Question- P-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser- naire: The Job Shop Simulation Pro- vice--An ExperiMent in Adaptable, Pro- gram Generator. cess/Process Communication. P-2826 , Simulating with SIMSCRIPT. MICHELS, G. A. MARKS, S. RM-4395-PR Description of the Computer P-3940/7 The JOSS Newsletter: November Program for Agg,regate Base Stockage 1967-June 1971. Policy of Recoverable Items.
MARKS, S. L. MOBLEY, R. RM-5220-PR The JOSS Primer. RM-4782-P1 A Computer SiMulation Adaptive Pouting Techniques for D tributed Communications Systems. MARON, M.E. RM-'5825-PR POGO: Programmer-Orie14,...2d Graphics Operation. RM-4793-PR Relational Data File: A RN-6032-PR., Graphic ROCKET: Scenario tool for Mechanized Inference Execution of a Filmed Report. and DatA Retrieval. RM-6256-PR Tracking Error Propagation RM-5085-PR A Computer System for In- and Orbit PrediCtiotiProgram. fereuce Execution and Data Retrieval. P-2879 On Cybernetics, Information
Processing, and Thinking. NELSON, E. A. . P-3006 The Logic of Interrogating a Digital Computer. P-3109 A Charting Technique for the P-3144-1 Cybernetics. Analysis of Business Systems. P-3408 Relational Data File I: Iiesign Philosophy. P-3501 Computers and Our Future. NEWELL, A. RM-3283-PR Some Problems of Basic MASON, R. J. Organization in Problem-Solving Pro- grams. BOoK A Data Processing System for RM-3285-1-PR Learning, Generality and State and Local Governments. Problem-Solving. RM-4220-PR Studies In Data System De- RN-3337-PR A Guide to the General velopment: The OCAMA Weapon System Problem-Solver Program GPS-2-2. Project. P-261.0 How Cities Should Approach Data Processing. NEWELL, A., Ed. BOOK Information Processin Language-V MAST,.. L. T. Manual. RM745,73.-NASA Separable'.Redundant CoM7 puters. NIELSEN,:
RM-6132-NASA ECSS: An Extendable 'MEALY, G. Computer System Simulator. RM-3645-PR A Generalized AssembiY.:Sys7 tem. NORTHROP, G. 0- P-2584 Operating Systems P-2674 Anatomy of. an.,Assembly System. Bm-14431-pR Digital Communications and '-'EDP for an Advanced Tactical ,Air .Con- trol System: A Preliminaey Study. MERCK, J. P-3606. Use of Multiple On-Line, Time-Shared Computer .Consoles'in 115147PR A Markovian,FloW,liodel: The SiMulation and Gaming. Analysis of:Novement.in LarqeScale.: (Military) PersonneiRystemp, -;
, -37- oLDFATHER, P. M. for On-Line Computer Systems. RH-4460-PR Programming byQuestion- haire. POLLACK, S. L. RH-5129-PR Programming byQuestion- naire: How to Construct aProgram RM-3273-PR DETAB-X: An Improved Generator. Business-Oriented Computer Language. RH-5162-PR Programming by Question- RH-3669-PR Analysis of the Decision naire: The Job Shop Simulation Pro- Rules in Decision Tables. gram Generator. RH-4188-PR Studies in Data System De- R14-5689-PR Programming by Question velopment: The Air Reserve Records naire:Auxiliary Programs. Center. P-2608-1 What is DETAB-X? P-2687 Status Report at DETAB-X (De- OSTRPNDER, N. C. cision Tables, Experimental). P-2697 D7eTAD-x and the World of Bank- R-525-NASA Napping by Computer Graph- ing. ics: Satellite Antenna Coverage.
PRITSKERJ A. OWSOWITZ, S. RH-5561-PR A Zero-One Programming RH-4346-PR Factors Affecting Coding Approach to Scheduling with Limited Errors. Resources.
PATRICK, R. L. PRIVER, R117-73447-PR Programming. Languages and ,. P-3742 Curve Fitting and Editing Via . Standardization in command and Control. Interactive Graphics. .RH-4232-PR .A.Technique for.ImproVing P-3766 An Interactive Graphic System theAanagesent of. a ComputerInstal- for Curve Fitting and Editing.
lation. . P-2791-1_. 'Computers and Information 'Flow. RAPHAEL, B. RH-3842-PR A Comparison of List-Proc- PAXSON, E. essing Compuiter Languages. RH-5367-PR JOSS Notebook-. -=7. RAUB, W. F. PEPLER, R. D. P-4019 Computers and the Delivery of Medical Care. RH-4506-NASA Integration of Han and Computer in Prelaunch Checkout of Ad- vanced Space Vehicles. REINSTEDT, R. RH-%033-PR Computer Personnel Research PERES, S. H. Group Programmer Performance Prediction RH-4033-PR Computer. Personnel Research P-2782 Programmer Selection Report for Group Programmer Performance Prediction SHARE XXI. Study.
RICARD, E. PETERSEN, H. RH-4033-PR Computer Personnel Research RH-5709-XR A Computer-Driven Stereo Group Programmer Performance Prediction Display for Aerial Haneuver AnalysiA. StOdY. P-3504 System Implications of Infor- mation Privacy. RIEBAR, J. E.
PIPES, L. J. RN -6032 -PR Graphic ROCKET: Scenario of a Filmed Report. RM-6338-LRPA A Dynamic Programming Ap- proach to Network Problems: A Model -38- RIBBER, J. Processing. RM-5081-PR A Compact Statistical Meth- od of Topographic Representation.. SHAPLEY, M. RM-5825-PR POGO: PrOgrammer-Oriented _Graphics Operation. Ft495-PR Rand's Chemical Composition Rif-6114-PR POGO User's Manual: I. Program: -A Mannal. General Aids to Graphic Programming. - P-3660 _Graphical kids to Aerospace Vehicle Mission Analysis. SHARPE. . F.
pooK , The EconomicS of Computers. ROBINSON, T. W. P-3568 _On7Line Computer Classification SHAW, J. C. oi Handprinted Chinese Characters as a Translation Aid. P-2922 JOSS: A Designer's View of An Experimental On-Line Computing System. P-3131 JOSS: Examples of the Use of ROSENTHAL, An Experimental On-Line Computing Service. P-4532 Admatch, A Computer Tool for P-3146 JOSS: Conversations with the Urban Studies.. Johnniac Open-Shop System. P-3149 JOSS: Experience with An Ex- perimental Computing Service for Users ROWE, A. J. at Remote Typewriter Consoles. P-3086 Use of Hybrid Computing in Design Automation. SHETLER, P-4585 Computer Meitory Management at ROWELL, L. Rand. RM -6256 -PR TrackiMg Error Propagation and Orbit Prediction Program SHOSHANI, P-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser- SCANTLIN, L. vice--An Experiment in Adaptable, Pro- Communication. -NOSY: A:CereSaving Operat- ing SyStem. SHUKIAR, H. J. SCHILLING. F. RM75777PR The SIMSCRIPTHII;program7 Ming-LanguagetH IBM 360 Implementation. R-687-ARPA On-Line:Comiuter Pro". 12115937-7PRH, .A FORTRAN Prograimeris., grams for the AnalysiS'of Border7Control .,lutroduation to SIMSCRIPT-Ir. Problems.' SIBLEY, SCHNEIDER, 3. J., Comp. RM-5999 -ARP& The, GRAIL Project:.An P-3600/12 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent 'ExPeriment-in ManMachine COMmunica- News Items, No. 12, Index to Issues tions. Ri46001-,ARPA- TheGRAIL Language-and Operations. BM-6002 -ABPA IhP GRAIL System Implm7 SEVEN, M.
P-3697 , On the.Problem of Directness R-513-NASA A Study of User Behavior -in Computer GraphicS. in . Problemsolving with an Interactive Computer. SIMON, - SKAPIRO,,S. C. RM-;3588-4R The Heuristic Compiler. R7817-PR The :MIND±SysteMA Oata Structure for SemanticInformatiOnH -39-
SMITH, J. W. TURN., R. RM-5270-PR JOSS: Central Processing RM-5183PR The Application of On-Line Moutines Graphical Techniques for Programming RN-53777PR. JOSS Language. and Operating a rMoving NetwOrkr Moni- toring Display, RM-5709-PR A'CoMpuier-Driven Stereo. SMITH,, R..C, Display:tor Aerial Maneuver Analysis. .p.-35,04 System,ImpliCations of Infor- RM-62567-PR Tracking Error Propagation mation Privacy. and Orbit Prediction Program. P-73522 Some AspectsOf:Man-Compnter communiCation An ACtive Monitoring of Automated Checkout'. STACY, P-4019 Computers and the Delivery of TURNER, M. Medical Care. R-687-'ARPA On-Line Computer Pro- grams for the Analysis of Border-Control STEFFERUD, E. Problems. RM -3731 -CC The Logic Theory Machine: A Model Heuristic Program. UNCAPHER, K.
R-664-ARPA ARPA Network Series: I. STEORTS, R. C. IntrodUction to the ARPA Network at Rand and to the Rand Video Graphics RM-4242-PR Modify and Restart Routines System. for SIRSCRIPT Experiments. R-753-ARPA The Rand Video Graphic System--An Approach to a General User-Computer Graphic Communication Sys- STEPHAN, P. L., Ed. tem. P-3600/16 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent News Items, No. 16. URHAN, J, - RIA-5777-PR The SIMSCUIPT: II Program.- STRING, J., J . ming Language:' IBM-360'.Implelentation. RM-6313-PR Use of Magnetic Tape for Reporting Cost Information. VALADEE, F. RM-4540-PR The Catalog Input/Output SWEETLAND, A. -System. : RM-3245-PR Factors in Selecting and Training Programmers. VAN HORN RM-4346-PR Factors Affecting Coding Errors. RM-413.3PR' Introduction: to Copol. Pro- gramminq. R. H. Gregory, R. L. TONGE, F. VANHHORMER,' T.-A.,' Rm-4467-TPR Some Reflections on a Sor- vey of Research Problems in. Computeii` P-2602 19=GATE.- Software. RM-5150-P11% A Simple Scheme'for Formal-, izing Data Retrieval Requests,' VASILIK,N. P-4486 A Stochastic 'Hetwork Approach TUPAC,. J. to .Test and Checkout. P-3581 AmApproach to Software' Evalpi- tion.
ROOK The SIMSCRIPT /I Programming Language. BOOK The SIMSCRIPT II Programming -40- Language: Reference Manual. MATTERS, L. J. RM-5777-PR The SIMSCRIPT II Program- ming Language: IBM 360 Implementation. RM-5561-PR A Zero-One Progratming Approach to Scheduling with Limited Resources. WARE, W.. P-4486 A Stochastic Network Approach to Test and Checkout. P-2793 The Programmer in -a Changing World. P-3279.. Future Computer Technology and WAXMAN, B. D. Its Impact. pr-3313 JOHNNIAC Eulogy. P-4019 Computers and the Delivery.of P-3544 Security aild Privacy in Com- Medical Care. puter Systems.. P-3626 The Computer in Your Future.
P-4208 . On Limits in Computing Power. WESSEL, A..E. P-4214 Testimony Before the Assembly Statewide Information Policy .Committee. P-3648 Data Automation Development P-4329. Computer Data Banks and Security and Systems Implementation--Some Prob- Controls. lems and Conclusions. P-4684 Computers in Society's Future. P-4710. Limits in Computing Power..
WARE, W. H., Ed. P-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser- vice--An Experiment in Adaptable, Pro- RM-3675-PR Soviet Cybernetics,Tech- cess/Process Communication. nology: I. Soviet Cybernetics, 1959-1962- Rt1-3797-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technol- WIRTH, N. ogy: II. General Characteristics of Several Soviet Computers. RM-5157-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technol- RM-3804-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technol- ogy: U. ALGEC--Summary and Critique. ogy: III, Programming Elements of the BESM, STRELA, Ural, M-3, and Kiev Com- puters. :---VISNI-EMSKI4-T.- D. RM-4810-PR Soviet Cybernetics Tech- nology: V. Soviet Process Control RM7-5006-NASA Report on a Demonstration Computers. Translated by W. B. Holland, Test of Computer-Assisted Countdown. J. B. Gazley. WOHL, J. G. WARSHAW, M. RM-4506-NASA Integration of Man and RM-4511-ARPA The Reliablility of Computer in Prelaunch Checkout of Ad- Ground-Based Digital Computers. vanced Space Vehicles.
WATSON, R. WOOD,-D.
R-513-...NASA" A,,Studyof User Behavior in P-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser- ProblemsolvinTiith an.Inieractiwei: vice--An Experiment in Adaptable, Pro- Computer. cess/Process Communication. R-549-PR Compater:performance:AnalysiS: Framework:and Initial.Pbases' for a :Per=7 formance Improvetent'Effort
117573-,NASA/PR. : COmputer Perfotmance Analysis: APpliCatiOns of Accounting Natural-Language in,Com-
. . Data. puterFormi., .
P-453671 .The Use of computet pystela R3-4540 -PR- . 1 The'Catalog Input/Output AccOnnting-Data TolleasurethoEffect System. , SysterX'Modification -4645-p.N ..,The Catalog:. Data',Structure. for 'Magnet ic-TaPe. .RM-4920-PR. ''.::-ComputeriRoutinesTo. Read '-NatUratTeZt .inCotPlex Formats. P-3.476:''' The, Catalog:, 'A-Fleiible..StruC ture..for 'Data Storage.: ABSTRACTS
BOOKS
Book The First Six Million Prime Hui- equally to any computer. 178 pp. (Pub- bers. C.L.. Baker, F. J. Grnenberge.r. lished by John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1963. 1959. Availableonly from booksellers or the A table ofthefirst six million prime publisher.) numbers, printed on 62 microcards. The numbers were sifted out on an IBM 704, by means of a modified version of the process devised by C. B. ,Poland in 1955. An intro- Book Problems for Computer Solution. duction describes .the .method in detail. Gruenberger, G. Jaffrey. 1965. 8 pp. plus 62 microcards. (published by A selection of 92 practice Problems from the Microcard Foundation, 19, $35.00. a broad range of disciplines for the stu- Available only from booksellers or the ent of digital computing. Problems vary publisher.) from the simple to the difficult enabling an instructor to challenge the superior student and test the average student's - competence. Problems in permutations, Book . Introduction to Electronic Com- roulette, random numbers, baseball stand- puters. F.. J. Gruenberger, D. D. ings, 'compound interest, simple distribu- McCracken. 1963. tion, suality control, and,-making decisions An introductory text to electronic digital with FORTRAN are included. The IBM 1620' computing. It deals with the power--and is used as a reference machine when one is limitations--of the computing world. Al- necessary. 417 pp. (Published by John though the subject is explained in teris Wiley & Sons, Inc.,, 1965, 34.50. Available of a specific computer, (the Model I IBM only from booksellers or the publisher.) 1620, with paper-tape input/output), the approach is intended to be. general. The emphasis is on the basic principles of the art, beginning with elementary examples Book The Internatioeal- ComputerIn- developed :In machine langiage and progress- dustry: Innovation and Comparative ing to advanced work in Compilersand Advantage. A. J. Harman. 1971. generators. Mach of theiltext is devoted Prior to their recent awareness,. of the to a general discussion of ideas that apply "technology gap," economists usually 4 42 treated technology as equally available sition to the Unified Information System in all ion. This book defines "new" envisioned for the 1970Is. Appendixes industries as those in which technology is provide further detail about data, present limited--such as the coMputer industry--and several major principles of data system a compaaative advantage is gained by the design, comment on equipment evaluation nation with the most innovative firms. A and selection, and furnish references for model is hypothesized embodying the cumu- additional guidance. 158 pp. Bibliog. lative value of a firm's innovations in (PublIshed by Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1963, the characteristics of its product- Prod- $4.95. Available only from booksellers ucts 4re marketed internationally, with or the publisher.) each iirm facing a demand curve with finite price elasticity. Analyses of firms in the computer.industry provide insights into returns from Rsa activities.as well Book The SIMSCRIPT II Programming as into the extent of competition. For Language. P. J. Kiviat, R. Villanueva, example, demand analysis shows %hat U.S. H. M. Markowitz. 1969. firms face stiffer.competition t home A user's and programmer's manual for' than abroad, and technical supr.macy may SIMSCRIPT II that requires only a basic have little to do with commercial success. knowledge of computers and programming When an industry is no longer limited language compiler. The manual is divided technologically, it becomes "standard," into five.chapters, corresponding to five and comparative advantage depends on other language "levels." Lev-A. 1 is a teaching factors ef production. 192 pp. Bibliog. language designed to introduce program- (Published by Harvard University Press, ming concepts to nomprogrammers. Level 1971, $10.00. Available only from book- 2:is a language roughly comparable in sellers or the publisher.) (Also issued. power to FORTRAN, but departs from it . by Rand as R-474, April 1971.) (MW) in specificfeatures. Level 3 is com- parable in power to ALGOL or PIVI, but with specific differences, and contains information on the eew ALPHA mode Book Approximations for Digital Com- for alphanumeric manipulations, en writing puters- C. Hastings, Jr. 1955. formatted_reports, and on internal editing. An investigation concerning beSt approxi- Level 4 contains the entity-attribute-set mation in the sense of Chebyshev as applied features of SIMSCRIPT, which have been up- to the problem of making univariate func- dated and augmented to provide a more.: tional data available to the high-speed powerful list-processing capability. Level digital computing machine. Part I serves 5, the simulation-oriented part of as an introduction to the collection of SIMSCRIPT II, cOntains statements for time approximations presented in. Part II. advance, event and activity processimg,- 208 pp. (Published by Princeton University generation of statistical variates, and Press, 1955, $5.00. Available onlyfrOm accumulationand analysis of simula- booksellers or the publisher.) tion-generated data. Two neV debugging routines, BEFORE and AFTER, enable. the _monitoringof sixcompiex processes., 399 pp. (MW) ;Published by Prentice-Hall,
Book A Data Processing System for. . Inc., 1969, $10.95; paperback edition--: .State and LocalGOvernments. E. T. R. $6.95. 'AVailable7Only:frOm 'booksellers: Hearle, H. J.;Basori.',A963. or-the Publisher.O. (Also publiShedby' A studyof the nature of.data used by state Rand as R.T.460-PR..October 1968.) and local governments andt.he design Of comprehensive, SySteiS to-serve-Ahelr: longrange heeds.: Research,fOr this bOok focused on:the total complexHof functions- Book The SIMSCRIPT II Programming P-;tformed by such governmentS:ratherthan Language: Reference Manual. P. J. on the Operations:of' any'ope agency,: sC Kiviat, R. Villanueva. 1969- that theanalysiSis conceptual rather A compact reference listing of the syntax thanprOcedural.:Concerned: primarilLuith and semantics; of SIFSCRIPT II, designed data processing', notdocument Or'reCord: for professional programmers already fa- handling, the studyl,describes the,charac- miliar with the language. (SIMSCRIPT II teristics and capabilitieS of :do.proc is fully described in Vag SIMSCRIPT II essing eqUiPment;':disCuSSes;the fUnCtions, Proorammino Langlaga, Prentice-Hall, Inc., :structures, relationships,;andiprOspects 1969, $10.95,-). The notation employed was ,-Of State and local governments; analytes chosen for convenience and descriptive the data these governaentshandle; power from conventions previously used in poSee,the-Unified InfortatiOn:$yOtem:us 4, computer programming language descriptions. longrangeAoal;'and discusses stepSthat The study describes notation; basic con- agenciesiCan.take both:Ad.:improve present structs (symbols, primitives, metavari- data sySteMs and to prOvide IosiCaltran7 ables); statements (nonexecutable, stor- _ . 43
age allocation, computation, control, concerned with applications and disCusses input-output, simulation) ;system-defined the-computer industry, including manufac- values (constants, variables) ;a system-de- turers, software houses, service bureaus, fined routine (the ORIG/N routine for sim- time-shaiing tervices; the sale and rental ulation time); generated attributes, vari- of computers; the cost effectiVeness of ables, and routines; and library functions. computer systems and memory systems, and 30 pp. (MW) _(Published by Prentice-Hall, the pricing of services in-house and out. Inc.,, 1969,. $2.50. Available only from . Most. of .the work it entirely new, but an booksellers or the publisher.) (Also attempt is nade to draw together sUch rel- published.by Rand as 2M-5776-PR, October evant material- as is availablc-in widely 1968.) scattered sources.Conflicting or Com, peting analyses are coMpared and'evaluated. Specific organizations and maChinet are named throughout.- An appendii eXplains the Book SIMSCRIPT: A Simulation Pro-- principles of' regression'analysit',, curve gramming Language.. H. M. Markowitz, fitting and selection, and sensitiviti B. Hausner, H. W. Karr. 1963. testing.,581 pp. (P0d,ished bY Columbia A description of SIMSCRIPT, a general pro- Oniversity',,Prets, 1969, $10.00.: Available gramming system specially adapted to-the only from bookSellers or the puhlisher.). problems of writing simulation programs. (MW)
The advantages of SIMSCRIPT are that it . reducep thetime needed to program simula- tions ofeven,moderate complexity andpro- vides increasedflexibility in modifying such.models in accordance with the findings of preliminvHxy analysis and other circuit- stances. A:a.though SIMSCRIPT may be used REPORTS as a computerlanguage for.nonsimulation problegs, the.autbors emphasize its appli- R-495-PR Rands Chemical CompOsition cation to:simulation. Detailed instruc- Program:,A Manual. M. Shapley,' L. tions and forms for applying SIMSCRIPT are Cutler. June 1970. included. _134 pp.,(Published by Pren- A.userls manual foRand!s digital'computer tice-Hall, Inc., 1963, 45.00. Available program for,solvincoMplex chemical com- from hooksellers or the publisher.) position problems by determining the dis tribution of-chemical speCies:in multicbm7 partmented:syptems that:minimizes the free energy of the systemwhile conserving the Book Information Processing Language-9 mass of each Chemical component.;.: ThetOtal Manual. Edited by-A. Newell. 1961. prograM, containing npre-than 351Subpro A manual for,/nformation Processing-Lan- gramt, is flexible. Ouring'a run, the User- guage-V (IPL-9), a computer language de- nay alter:the data-7..6.5.4 add extra'amOnnts signed, like some earlier list languages, Of some chemicalt'Astresses),'thut changing, for workmainly,on heuristic programs. the model's COMpotitio*.andicreating a new Following an introduction to the history problem. He mav also controltOme con- : and basic ideas of such programming, stants,,causecomputation undprinting'.of Section I. of this manual gives a simpli- certain meaturep ofHanciUntof error,,and; fied and informal account of the elements requett variOusspeCialOomputationsand of IPL-9. Section II.presents the com- messages Pinallyth&prograM:naylbe: plete rules for coding in IPL-V, rules uted:byeither experienCed:CompUter':pro for programs which will be accepted on granmers uthose-nnfamiliaritith,prOgram- any of a number of computers. 244 pp. mingMethbecaute, fiXst,ihe user (Published by Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1961, refersHtO ,edataHelenentliy eatilY:.xeHH $6.00 (trade edition) and $4.50 (text). membered alphanuMeric nanesand4, secOnd,:: Available only from booksellers or the :heigives OperatiOn:intrUctiontby:'contrOl. publisher.) caxfods containingne alphenuieritword:
228 pp. '
Book The Economics of Computers. W. F. Sharpe. 1969. R-513-NASk; 'A StudY of Vser-Behavior in A full-scale text intended as a practical ProblemSolving with an InteraCtive' guide to administrative and research plan- CoMputer. Boehm', ners on all aspects of selecting, compar- R. A. Watson.'April 1971. ing, and evaluating the cost-effectiveness A.controiled experiment on the effects -of of general-purpose digital computers. Part forced delay .between computer interactions. 1 presents the microecouomic theory of Twenty- subjects of.-var:ying experience,used. value, demand, price, profit, time, risk, JOSS in solving a planning .problem..'', costs, inputs, and outputs. Part II is Twelve,.were locked out between trials 44K 44 --i.e., after receiving a current set of whose pictures are continuously refreshed results. The experimental findings call from a video disk by three scan converters into question some common beliefs about driven by a single digital-to-analog con- man-computer interaction. Subjects with verter. An /BM 1800 process controller a 5-min lockout did better workittless receives graphic orders from user programs time and used less computer time than in the connected service machines (IBM those with free access. An 8-min lockout 360s) and sends them to the converter; it proved disruptive, especially to experi- also handles input from terminals. The enced users. Other findings suggest that documentation history details the activi- self-imposed restraint can also improve ties and elapsed time of each phase of the problemsolving efficiency, that users' 57-week effort; it can serve as an aid in acceptanc.. of the system is not necessarily estimating the investment required for such a valid predictor of system effectiveness, an undertaking, and the conclusions can and that users were inaccurate in recalling help simulators to document and model more their problemsolving behavior. There was ef fectively. 92 pp. Ref. (NW) also evidence that some on-line users felt pressured by the system to interact prema- turely. These findings should aid in evaluating interactive systems. 54 pp. R-520-NASA Computer Systeas Analysis Ref. (See also R-520, R-573, R-584, Methodology: Studies in Measuring, RM-6132.) (Author) Evaluating, and Simulat:Ing Computer Systems. B. W. Boehm. September 1970. A briefing reporting on tools and tech- niques developed in 4 research efforts in R-514-PR A Markovian Flow Model: The the analysis of complex computer systems Analysis of Movement in Large-Scale (R-513, R-573, R-584, RM-6132). (1) Com- (Military) Personnel Systems. J. W., puter system characteristics and .activity Merck, K., J. Hall. February 1971. can be conveniently modeled in the proto- First of a series of reports describing a type ECSS (Extendable Computer Systems model of social mobility to provide infor- Simulator) language while maintaining the mation concerning patterns of movement, flexibility and power of SINSCRIPT projections of the existing populatiou Standard aspects are handled by service into the future, and the impact produced routines, and the user can insert his own
by changes in the rate of movement.The . ECSS or SIMSCRIPT routines at will. (2) model and computing procedures permit per- CPU utilisation and throughput can be im- sonnel managers to create an information proved 30 to 300 percent by tuning" multi- system that describes the social and geo- programmed systems. Small changes in work- graphic mobility that military personnel load characteristics can produce large continually undergo.. Derived from mathe- changes in performance. (3) Choosing com- matical concepts of Markovian processes, puters by their performance on benchmark the model is presented as a series of jobs can be disastrous unless the bench- FORTRAN subroutines capable of being used marks are representative of the workload. on a variety of contemporary computc rs. (4) The complexity of multiprogrammed sys- The model's principal attribute is its tems requires techniques for isolation of capacity to create future expected values key factors in any effect. (r)In con- given the starting distributions and a trolled experiments in interactive man- matrix of transition probabilities. Other computer problemsolving, time constraints options, ranging from the computation of on console use produced dissatisfaction the transition matrix to the comparison of --but also produced better results and projections under different conditions, more efficient work. 53 pp. Ref. (MW) are peripheral subroutines of the model, but give it the flexibility required for complete analysis of the movement of mem- bers of a population. (See also R-534, R-522-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technology: R-535.) 131 pp. Ref. (KB) XII. Time-Sharing in the Soviet Union. B. Doncov. October 1971. A study of the current state of Soviet com- puter technology, the major computers suit- R-519-PR Modeling the Video Graphics able for timesharing, and timesharing System: Procedure and Model Descrip--';', applications and research. Timesharing tion. T.E.. Bell. December 1970. still underdeveloped in the USSR. The This report presents both the r:_bocess and only operational Soviet timesharing systems results of generating a computer system de- are incorporated in special-purpose, scription for simulation pUrposes while fixed-application installations; most are both hardware and software are under de- used for industrial process control or velopment. The interactive multiterminal management information. All timesharing` elsi,mo-.Graphics System achieves low cost by projects to date have been implemented on ns: terminals modified television ,sets inadequate existing computers, such as the 45 Minsk-22, M-220, and BESM-6, that can sup- the format of core arrays and tape records port Only.rudimentary timesharing systems. and the identification of data sets. The Nowever,,this situation may soon change. subroutine specifications cover these TNe Directives of the 25th Congress of the items: subroutine name, operation, argu- Communist Party and the statement of goals ment list, calling-program dimension re- for the 1971775 Five-Year Plan indicate quirements, input/output files, control that computee. developmeat and computational cards, and definitions and programming con- technignes:nill receive greater emphasis. siderations. 155 pp. Ref. (See also Moreoveri-ethe forthcoming Ryad series of R-514, R-535.) (SM) third-generetion computers, patterned after the IBle360, will be. able to support exten- sive timesharing applications. Large modular systems like the Ural and M series R-535-PR k Markovian Flow Model: The are also suitable for timesharing. 75 pp. Analysis of Eavement in Large-Scale Ref., Bibliog. (LC) (Military) Personnel Systems--Program Listings. K. J. Hall. March 1971. The third in a series of reports describing a model of secial mobility, the study of R-525-NASA . Mapping by Computer Graph- which will provide researchers with infor7 ics: Satellite Antenna.Coverage. N. C. mation concerning patterns of movement, Ostrander.,October 1970. projections of existing population.trends, Description of computer preparati4in of.maps and the impact produced by changes in rates and overlays, especially for satellite of movement. .Intended to:be used by the antenna. coverage. The examples were pro- programmer/analyst in creating a program duced with an IBM 360/65 and S-C..4060 . library, this report lists the 29 FORTRAN graphical plotter,- using a data tape of subroutines that perform the operations 10,500 geographic points stored As 374 described in the program paekage. The strings of alternate latitude and longi- storage required on an IBM 360/65 is given tude values. This is adequate for maps for each subroutine. Comment cardsContain of scale1:40,000,000 (at which.;a 'world step-by-step, natural-language description map is 40 in. wide). Rectilinear maps, of source-language statements. These list- azimuthal naps, and polar perspective ings will be useful when the programs are maps (which show the_earth as seen from to be executed on another computer system, a earticular satellite position) are ex- or when a subroutine implementing a new plained, with coordinate transformation operation is to be written. & sample pro- equations for each. The most efficient gram is included. 170 pp. Ref. (See also coordinates for rectilinearmaps are lati- R-514, R-534.) (SM) tude and longitude; for azimuthal maps, direction cosines. With .satellite rays nearly tangent to the earth, using geo- centric coordinates and a spherical earth R-549-PR Computer Performance Analysis: model, coordinates can cause errors ef Framework and Initial Phases for a Per- hundreds pf miles. Latitude and longitude formance Improvement Effort. T. E. corrections for the geosynchronous distance . Bell, B. W. Boehm, R.A. Watson. AUgust of 6.166 earth radii are provided. The . 1971. methods given mere used-to illustrate a Provides a procedural framework for-im- worldwide television systen in R-524.. proviag the performance of a computer 53 pp. (MW) system, and suggsts specific techniques for the initial phases. The suggested
procedure conSists of 7 phases: (1) . understanding the system,(2) analyzing' R-534-PR A.Markovian Flow Model: The operatiens,(3). formulating performance Analysis of Movement in .Large-Scale improvement hypotheses,(4) analyzing ehe (Military). Personnel Systems--Program probable,cost-effectiveness of modifica- Reference Manual. K. J. Hall. March tions,(5) testing specific hypotheses,
1971. , .;.6) implementing Appropriate combinations The second in a series of reports describ- of 'modifications, and(7) testing the ing a model of social.mobility that pro- effectiveness of the implemented Modifi4 vides researchers mith information on pat- cations. 'Although all phases of the sug-- terns of movement, projections of an exist- gested procedure are discussed, the report ing population, and the impact produced by concentrates on the critical first three. changes in rates of movement. Intended for A ^Preliminary, Questionnaire" is offered the programmer/analyst, this report docu- as a means of underStanding the system ments the specifications for generating the (Phase 1), and a ^Detailed euestionnaire"' state numbers defined for the model and for is suggested as a guide for specifying using the set of FORTRAN subroutines that the types of information necessary to make up the flow model program package. analyze operations (Phase 2). To aid The report provides summary information on analysts in developing performance improve-
A, 414 .7* r b* 46 ment hypotheses (Phase 3), the report sug- R-563-ARPA The ISPL Language Specifi- gests 5 methods of analysis, And gives . cations. R. M. Balzer. August 1971. examples of some general hypotheses in the The syntax and semantics of the Incremental categories af reducing workload, tuning, System Programming Language, designed for and upgrading the system. 64 pp. Ref. use on its own computer, the ISPL machine (See also R-573, R-58.4.) (Author) (described in R-562). Together the lan- guage and the machine provide a complete programming laboratory environment. The syntax used to describe ISPL is APAREL R-560-NASA/PR Experience with the Ex- (described in RM-5611), which is similar tendable Computer System Simulator. to BNF but allows imbedded alternatives.. D.W. Kosy. November 1970. ISPL is.incrementally compiled, resembles A review of the capabilities of the pro- PL/I, -and allows hierarchical systems to totype Extendable Computer System Simulator be built by providing capabilities for conceptually described in RM-6132, pointing scheduling core and central processing out strengths and weaknesses of this ap- unit resources, interrupt handling, and proach to computer system simulation, and interprocess communication. Ports, the indicating general design principles for new interprocess communication facility computer system simulation language. ECSS (described in R-605), enables communication compliesvith these principles in being between a program and the files, terminals, powerful, flexible, readily extended, physical devices, and monitor programs. easily used, and in producing models that Extensive debugging facilities include are economical to rerun. However, the user dynamic record verification of all pointers. should be giiMen more leevay for unusual The language specifically includes the cases, including greater freedom.to skip facilities needed by the control program, undesired operations via a more extensive and the machine provides many of the-fa- set of prOcedural stateMents. A computer cilities normally implemented in software.. system simulation language should also in- The file system is described in R-603. clude autoilatic collection of statistics, 49 pp. Ref. (See also R-692, R-622.) with output sUmmaries or trace output. (MW) available OP c.,4Mand.. A representative ECSS prograz-is-,A,en463. 36 pp. Ref. (MW) R-573-NASA/PR. Computer Performance Analysis: Applications of Accounting. R-562-ARPA The ISPL Machine: Princi- Data.' R. k. Watson- May 1971. ples of Operation.. R. M. Balzer. Virtually all third-generation computer August 1971. systems collect and record computer ac-
The first of a series conceptually de- . counting data. However, these data are scribing the Incremental System Program- seldom used except at those installationS ming)7-T,nguage compuiing system, an inte- that useHaccounting data to charge for gratO.environment fot. multiuser research computer services.. This reportdescribes progr--4cMing. The ISP1 language and machine the types of accounting data generally dre jointly designed, with_hardware pro- available at most Computer installations. viding the control and scheduling facil- It then discusses techniques for condition- ities traditionally handled by Job Control ing.and reducing the data, along with LangUage and other software... Clase cor7 variOus reports on syStem performance and respondence ;Detveen program statements and workload characteristics that can be machine actions makes for clarity And generated from.the data. The report efficiency and facilitates incremental mainly concern7.; specific applications of compilation, which in turn allows on7line, adcounting-data analysis in computer per-. interactive programming and debugging. formance analysis. The most heavily During postfix program translation, ,ISPL stresped application employs the statis- inserts NEW STATEMENT operators that de- tidal'-analysis tools of regression analy- fine interruptible points. User address sis and cluster' analysis to'measure the spaces,are carefully segregated. :Sepa- effectS on performance of a major system rately accessed memery,areas,are assigned modification.-'-Other applications of ac- in logical units, with' pót,ntersMost pro- counting-data Analysis include validating grams and data .remain 5.,virtaw1 :memory; and supplementing the data collected by only those portions el,=,:ogramandata hardware orsoftvare measuring,devices, actually referenced ci:Cntained in real and use in developing effective computing memory. Resources are allocated by ma.7- charging schemes. 74 pp. Ref. (Author) chine primitives ca/led,semaphores,wiiich may also carry data. Data seMaphores compose Ports, vhich provlde:hardware/ softvace/user communicatinns (described R-584-NASA/PR Computer Performance in R-605.) 36 pp. 11c7f.:: (See also R-5634 Analysis: Measurement Objectives and R-60.2, R-603, R-622, RM-5611.) (MW) Tools. T. E. Bell. February 1971. 47 One of a series of studies on computer source allocttion: creating and deleting performance analysis, this report is con- files, assigning file space, core space, cerned with the recognition of objectives processor time- This design permits a and the choice of measurement tools for hierarchical system of monitors, each con- computer performance .analysis. In addition trolling the jobs running under it. By to the conventional tuning objectives, routing output to a user terminal, Ports model building, simulation validation, and enable on-line debugging and simulation operational control are important. Data of rewritten files of programs. The Port collection tools for measurement and anal- concept improves modularity in 3 ways: ysis range.from simple, inexpensive ones (1) Each c anection need not be specified --audio and visual indicators, operator by the prc rammer but can be decided at opinions, and logsto the most sophisti- execution- (2) Linkage between programs cated hardware and software monitors. Each is co-routine rather than subroutine, which of the simple tools can provide initial simplifies programming, retains context, indications of performance, but hardware and removes the need for hierarchical and software monitors are usually necessary organization- (3) With different connec- for a thorough analysis. Five binary tions via Ports, the same system can be characteristics can describe a monitoi: used in many ways, e.g., on-line or off, (1) implementation medium,(2) separabil- in simulation mode, audit-trailed, or data ity,(3) sample portion,(4) analysis breakpointed. 24 pp. Ref. (See also concurrency, and (5) data presentation. R-562, R-602, R-603, R-622, RM-5611.) (MW) An analyst should determine the character- istics his analysis requires before choos- ing the measurement tools. 3S pp. Ref. (DGS) R-622-ARPA On the Future of Computer Program Specification and Organization.
. R. M. Balzer. August. 1971. Summarizes the currently available methods R-603-ARPA The ISPL Basic File System of organizing computer programssubrOutine and File Subsystem for Support of Cour pyramid, generators, co-routines, and puting Research. F.:.Harslem, J. F. passed subroutinesand presents an alter- Heafner. August 1971:. native concept, program integration, based Functional specification of the Basic File On use of the total context rather than System and one ofseveral file srbsYstems specific procedUres. Most of a typical envisioned for the ISPL computing system program is devoted to housekeeping described dm R-562. A generalization of dataSubroutine save areas, parameter the GRAIL.logical input/output system (see passing mechanismS, indices,.pointers, RM-6257),. the software.package is described tree and list structures, dictionaries in its ISPL context... The BFS, as a resi7- --!that have nothing to do with the specif- dent part of .the ISPL Operating System, ic problem but rather with its computer creates, modifies, deletes, and keeps di- solution. Prolrams expressed entirely in rectories of file subsystems, allocates problem-specific terms require implied their secondary storage Space, and handles rather than specified prodeesing; logical their I/0,transmissions- BFS is unconcerned process specifications not affected by with file structure, which.is separately data representation; dynamic, linkage by detezz,ined by each FSS. Any console or the system of Separate specifications, program can address any file by giving its with dynamic adaptive modification at ex- name, FSS, and a qualifier. Further com- ecution; and dynamic requesting of infor- munication is determined by the rules of mation as required from the current con- that particular FSS. All BFS procedures - text- Steps in this direction:include report whether and why au operation failed. CORC, DWIM, VERS,-question-answering sys- An ARPA research file, FSSli is described tems, PL/I ON-UNITS, "Dataless Programming" in its temporary IBM 360 implementation, (described, in.RM-5290) and Ports (de- with indications of probable changes in scribed in R-605). .The field is ripe for the ISPL environment. 48 pp. Ref. (NW) a.breakthrough.. 23 pp. -Ref. (See also R-562, R-563, R-602,-R-603, RM-5611.) (MW) R-605-ARPA Ports--4 Method for Dynamic Interprogram Communication and Job Control. R- M. Balzer- August 1971. R-r641-PR Generating" Gamma Distributed, Describes,Ports, a unified method for Variates for Computer Simulation Models. communication between, a computer program M. B. Berman. February 1971. and terminals, files, peripheral devices, Compares two methods of 'generating random , other prOgrams, and supervisory .software. variates for simulation studies from gamma In ISPL (Incremental System Programming distributions with-_non-integral shape pa- Language, described in R-563) , each 'job rameters. The commonly used probability has a Port.named MONITOR that handles re- switch approximation method iS examined for 48 accuracy and computation costs, while and fast turnaround to aid planners and Johnk's exact method is investigated for analysts in synthesizing new rocket con- computation costs. The probability switch figurations and in exploring variants method approximates the gamma distribution on existing designs. BOOST ufliesu a very closely for shape parameters above zero-lift two-dimensional powered trajec- 5.0, poorly between 1.0. and 5.0, and not tory over a spherical nonrotating earth. at all below, 1.0. Johnk's method, while Coasting stages, earth rotation effects, exact, is 2.5 to 3 times slower in the and the postboost vacuum ballistic tra- shape parameter range of 1.0 to 5.0. jectory associated with any set of rocket Johnk's method is recommended for shape burnOut conditions are.available as op- parameters below 5.0, and the probability tions. Velocity losses due to.gravity, switch method is recommended above 5.0. aerodynamic drag, and atmosphere/nozzle FORTRAN routines for the two methods are interaction are-considered. The rocket provided-The data used to investigate the may be earth- or platform-launched into accuracy of the probability switch method space, the atmosphere, or to the surface. is appended, as are selected plots of the BOOST complements rather than supplants. distributions and a discussion of methods the more detailed Fortran ROCKET pro- to generate beta variates. 52 pp. Ref. gram (RM-3534). Appendixes include a (Author) summary chart of the JOSS language. 60 pp. Ref. (MM)
R-664-ARPA ARPA Network Series: I. Introduction to the ARPA Network- at R-7687-111PA On-Line Computer Pro-
Rand and to the Rand Video Graphics . grams for the Analysis of Border-Control System. 'T. 0. Ellis, E. T. .Harslem, Problems. G. F. Schilling, M. Turner- J. F. Heafner, K. Uncapher. August . February 1971.
1971.. . Complex interactions among military, techni- An overview of the Advanced Research Proj- cal, geopolitical, and socioeconomic factors ects Agency's experimental coMputer net- constitute majoroproblems for counterin- work, and a technical description of the filtration programs intended to inhibit the. Rand Video Graphic System that links Rand mOvement of hostile forces across defined computing resources into'the network- boundaries. This report.describes:two Based on principles of distributed com- versions of an on-line computer program that munications without a central control incorporates the methodology, of a model of point, set forth in a 1964 Rand publication border control developed in RM-6250; it 'series, the ARPA network has 18 nodes, lo- enables the ,user-to analyze,Insurgency cated at 10 university .sites, 4 research situations without mathematical manipula- institutes (Rand, SDC,.SRI, Mitre), 2 man- tions.- The computerized versions of the ufacturers (BMW, Burroughs) , and Rome Air model permit the ready investigation of Development Center. Computers of different .specific situations and the rapid testing make, -model, size, speed, hardware, and of new concepts withregard to their prob- software are interconnected by small spe- able utility under different contingencies.
cial Interface Message Processor computers It also permits-testing of quantitative . at each site. SRI handles all network sensitivity analyses of candidate border documentation. UCLA analyzes performance security Systems:and programs. _Outputs statistics. BB&N coordinates,maintenance include a detailed acO5Unt and projected and testing. Rand will experiment with time sequence of-the number of guerrillas information processing techniques. Net- in the area of interest as a result of in- work control programs are being written filtration, ,lnterdiction, recruitment, and at each site. The Video Graphic System attrition. For any future date, these and its relation to the network are de- numerical data are given in terms of actual scribed and illustrated. 48 pp. -Ref. numbers, area densities, and'rates of Bibliog. (See also RH-3097, RM-3103, change. 63 pp--..,::(KB) RM-3420, RM-3578, RM-3638, RM-3762-RM-3767.) (MW) R-700/1PR Soviet Cybernet4cS Review, Vol. 1,,No. 1. Edited by B. 'Holland'. 127670-PR BOOST: On-Line Computer Pro- :February, 1971. -- gram for Estimating Powered-Rocket , Featured inthis 'issue is.areport by Barry Performance. D. C. .Kephart. 'February Boehm of Band, who was invitediay the-.USSR 19,1. Academy OfScienceSjnOctober to tour User's manual and program listing for 'promine.nt'Soviet computing centers. His BOOST, a quickreSponse, interactive JOSS detailed accOunt prOvides an overview of program that sivtulates the powered flight computing probleMs and:SucceSses in the performanr:e of multistage boosterrockeis. Soviet Union..A.lso Of special interestlis BOOST is tailored for minimum make-ready an organizational chart of the Soviet _. 0 49
government that identifies all-union minis- tional support for farming. Denying a tries and ministries of the union republics, Russian report, CDC states there are no plus important agencies. A survey article CDC-7600s outside the U.S. Feature arti- on the automation of Soviet railways reveals cles describe problems with youth; lack of a number of different areas of railroad progress on medical electronics and on the operation. In. an article discussing auto- State Network of Computer Centers; the mation implementation on a broad scale, an Donetsk, AKKORD, and other control systems; eminent Ukrainian economist identifies the first Soviet work on long-range fore- specific ways.of closing the Soviet R&D casting; new applied mathematics faculties gap. A.recent International Syaposium on at.4 universities; a light-pen device that Computer-Based Automation of Scientific can photograph its alphanumeric and graphic Research. is the basis for an article listing displays. Binary-coded microfilm replaces several projects in Novosibirsk intended to punchcards and tape in the large computer facilitate Soviet researck--in particular, system being developed by the 'Weather a light-pen graphicssystem and the AIST Service. Extenskve feasibility studies for multiple-user time-sharing system. 81 pp. a.Belorussian medical reporting system are (SCR Is available to nongovernment organiza- the first SCR has seen. 67 pp. (SCR is tions by yearly subscriptions at $48. available to nongovernment organizations Single issues: $10.) (KB) by yearly subscription at $48. Single issues: $10.) (MW)
R-700/2-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol..1, No. 2. Edited by:W. B. Holland., R-700/47PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, March 1971. No, 4. Edited by W. B. Holland. The 1971State Plan includes a 20% in- Zuly 1971. crease in computer production. Cybernet- A complete report on directives Of the icists Glushkoi and Amosov are on the 24th'CPSU:Congress for the ninth.five-year Supreme Soviet., A. P. Ershov is the first plan from the computing viewpoint reveals computer scientist elected, to the USSR understanding of as well as far greater Academy of Sciences-'The M-3000, largest emphasis onicomputer technology, automated of the IBM/360-like ASVI Series, is im management and process Control systems, use._ With '36 million operations per . and advanced economic planning techniques. second, the CDC-7600 at the Joint Institute The plan mandated a unified, systematic of Nuclear Research is the fastest computer approach to designing and applying Manage- in the communist world..Some 30 automated ment and control systemsvstandai7dized management Systeis for entire industries AUtomated information collection and pro- or economic sectors are. being implemented. cessing and nationwide communications; and City aanagement of Leningrad is to be a coordinated:state network ocomputer automated. Remote automatic control of centers. Other articles describe the antomobile.traffici.n Moscow is now being RUTA-101, ChARS-65, and Blank-1'automatic tested. Czechoslovakia is being pressured readers; Sirena-1 Aeroflotreservation/ to Sovietize her computer industry and ticketing systen; Dubnas BESM6-and CDC restrict it to supplying peripherals and 1604vKiev intraplant'competitions; mili- , small equipment.. Soviet computing still tary exercises using PERT; an information suffers. from inadequate planning; peraon- retrieval system for chemistrya method- nel, and .jobs. "The Ministry of the.Elec- ology forallocating R&D resourCes; a 70th trical Engineering Industry has fOund only birthday tribute toAlcademician Lavrantvev; 27% of the engineers_and 40% of the ap- the emergenCe of Tstonian leadership in plied mathematicians it seeks. 58 pp, computer, edlication nnciagricultural com- (SCR is available to nongovernment organi- puterization.; the need for computersin zations by yearly subscription at.$48. : :retailing; and a new management:science Single issues: $10.). AMW1 abstract:journal. 79 :pp...1:(SCRis.avail- able;t0.nongovernmentalorganizations by yearly, subscription at $48. Single issues: $10.)H (MW) R-700/3-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 1, No. 3. Edited by W. B. Holland.
May 1971. '
The 24th CPSU Congress ordered aajor R-718-NSF/CCOM/RC _ Computers in Instruc- national efforts in computing, automation, tion: Their Future for Higher Educa- and systems analysis,. High SOviet offit' tion; Proceedings of a Conference -Aeld cials and executives.take 3month Course's October 1970. Edited by R. E. Levien. in the systems appreach.and eConometric , July 1971. mettods .at the new Institute for Management Proceedings of a Rand conference cospon- of the National Economy. The Agriculture sored by the National Science Foundation Ministry.established a cybernetics research and the Carnegie Commission on Higher Ed- institute7the first step toward computa- ucation, attended by 150 persons from 5 0 50 higher education, industry, and government Datagraphix 4060 is programmed to produce who are in positions to influence the de- 35mm microfilm frames containing plots of velopment of instructional computer use. the patterns; their densities are estab- About 25 speakers gave a range of answers lished by densitometer reading. The ex- to the questions: What will be the com- amples described are for creating pseudo- puter's capahilities.and costs? How will color transformations based on the two-sep- computer services be provided to the cam- aration process, but the techniques are pus?How vill instructional material be applicable for processes requiring any provided? How will higher education be number of separations. A FORTRAN program affected? Five major studies were reported has been written to create a 21-step gray by their leaders: Project CLUE (Computer scale, with each step a rectangle con- Learning'Under Evaluation) ;the National structed from the patterns. Two separa- Academy of Engineering's Educational Tech- tions of the gray scale are generated by nology Assessment; the M.I.T. study of the the 4060, and a culor scaleis produced Impact of Technology on Higher Education; using the separations as the red and blue the Rand study; and the federal Commission records in the two-separation process. A on Instructional Technology's report to pseudocolor transformation of an image is Congress and the President. This report created also from digital data. 44 pp. also includes summarieS of panel-discussions; Ref. (See also R-596, R-597, RM-5297.) workshop xecommendations for educational (KB) institutions, industry, and government; and 2 contributed papers- 233 pp. Ref. (MW) R-8.37-PR The MIND System: A Data .. Structure for.-Semantic Information. Processing..S. C. Shapiro.August
R-753-ARPA The Rand Video. .GraThic 1971. . System--An Approach to a teneral Description of the'data structure used in UserComputer Graphic-Cosmilnicatioa the semantic file of the MIND system (Man-
tem. K. Uncapher. April 1971. . agement of Information through Natural
A report prepared for the AGARD Avionics Discourse), and of the procedures for ma- . Panel Technical Symposium on Data Handling nipulating information stored in the file. Devices,: Istanbul, Turkey, 1-4 June 1970. The MIND system consists of nested and Cathode-ray-tube graphic displays offer chained modules of high-level programming one of the most Powerful and uSeful language statements; it is relatively easy man-machine communication'paths. The Rand to modify, either for improvement or for Video Graphic System,offers one.implementa- adaptation to,specialized applications. tion. It serves.:32 consoles; each has a The major features of the data stnucture
full range of interactiOn and full , are: (1) It is 'a net whose nodes represent graphics, And accommodates up to 8:differ- conceptual entities and whose edgeS repre- ent input devices. Each console serves as sent relations that'hold 'between entities. the general graphic terminal for all the (2) Some nodes.of the net are variables,. user's computer-based needs. The uSer can and are used,in constructing general state-. access several comPuters from any terminal. ments and deduction-rules. (3) Each con The system is .based on the use:of an cePtual entity is represented by:exactly. 873-line: TV monitor'in each:terminal. Scan one:node inthe net from whiCh all infor- conversion, and buffered storage are centra- mation concerning that Ontity is retriev-7 lized to improve performance and reduce able. (4) Nodes can be-identified and cost. The report describes.system compo- retrieved either by name or by a Sufficient nents, operating environment,hardware 'and description 'of their connections with other software, Consoles, and reliability and nodes. The 'use Of thesystettoexperiment performance. An all-digital approach to with various setantic theories is demon- the video system is now being deSigned at strated:by examining several_questions, of Rand. 20 -pp: Ref. ..(Author) current linguistic theory. 175 pp. Ref. (KB)
R-787-NIH. Computer Techniques for Pseudocolor Image Enhancement. J. C. LaMar. june_1971. Descriptionof computer methods of creaf- RAND MEMORANDA ing color separations:jor peendocOlor trans- fortationS,:madepossible by imProvements, in microfilm7generating equipment PM-73173-FR Dynamic Programming;: Intel7 tone process is chosenin whiChA'pictnre MaChines, and Self4Organizing is divided:into tany small: ateas and 'Jane 1962. pseudO-random patternS are'plotted in.each. A 4ScussiOn of sote asPects of problem Twenty-onepatternS are designed. Tle formulatiOn and problem SolutiOn.,The 51
relevance of these matters to the field RM-3285-1-PR Learning, Generality and of intelligent machines is emphasized, Problem-Solving. A. Newell. February some.connections with.the theory and ap- 1963. plication of dynamic programming are in- A revision of RM-3285. This memorandum dicated, And the practical application of discusses the role of learning in relation- scientific philosophy as a.technique to ship to other concepts in the field of guide research is considered. 22 pp. artificial intelligence, such as generality and problem solving. A Rand computer pro- gram for learning, known as the General Problem Solver, is described and its eper- RM73245-PR. Factors in Selecting and ation is discussed. 41 pp. Training Programmers. A. Sweetland. August 1962. An attempt to develop criteria for the
selection and training.of computer pro- RM-3306-PR . FORTAB: A Decision Table grammers. Section I evaluates nine Language for Fcientific Computing Ap-
classes of.programmertrainees according . plications. 'G. W. Armerding. 'Septem- to their intelligence, motivation, and ber 1962. classroom performance. Section II dis- 4 description of a computer language', cusses vocational itterest.inventory. FORTAB, developed tt Rand as an aid to com7 Section_III suggests areas in which fur- puter progrtmming. FORTAB is t deciSion ther research might be fruitful (e.g., table language designed to be'imbedded in programmer characteristics, interests, the well-established FORTRAN sCientific and aptitudeS). 25.pp: - computing language. Together they provide a strong combination of coMpUtational depth and program logic. .46 pp..- RM-327.3-PB DETABI: An Improved Business-Oriented. Computer Language.
S. L.. Pollack. . August 1962. RM-3320-PR . AUTOSATE--Part II: A description of.a computer language based Event-Chain Flow'Charting. 0. T. Gatto, on the use of decision tables, DETAB-1E ' E. M. Fairbrother. December .1962. (Decision.Tables, Experimental).' The memo- A description of event-chain flow cbarting, randum traces the evolution of computer a computer process tbat prodgces one of a -ibrogratming_and the steps in its develop- series of analysis reports for AUTOSATE ment. The 'desirable features for a prob- (an.,Automated Data Systems Analysis Tech- lem-analySisteChnique-Are discussed, to- nique).' The concept of event chains de- gether with, a comparison of-DETAB-X and parts from the usual practice of flow COBOL-61. DET-.X was.developed at Rand . charting by napplication in that emphasis as part of a continuing effort to devise in the chainingvprocess is on the event methods that will permit.theAirForce creating the dtcument rather than'on' the and other large users tf computers to:re- application to which it belongs. Event duce Costs and time-lags involved in de- chains as control devices are also examineid signiagtnd implementing datasystems. .as they were used to test the consistency, 25 pp.' compatibility, and cOmpleteri:esS of a pro- posed Depot Maintenanee Industrial Manage-
ment System at Headquarters, AF1C. :The , computer-program flow charts and instruc- RM-3283-PR Stine Problems of Basic tions are provided for those interested Organization in Problem-Solving Pro- in making surveys of both proposed, tnd grams. ANewell. December 1962. operational data systems using the Part of a continuing study dealing with event-chain :prtcess-of AUTOSATE. 103 pp. artificial intelligence atd with how hu- mans process information. The study will eventually lead to computer programming techniques that will permit-the construc- BM-3324-PR The Fifth Rand Computer tion of more sophisticated problem-solving Symposium. Edited by F. J. Gruerberger. programs than the game-playing and theorem- November 1962. solvig type of program common today. An abridged transcript of the Fifth Annual This Memorandum discusses several of the Rand Computer Symposium, held at The Rand organizational issues involved in con- Corporation, April 1962. The meeting structing a problem-solving program and centered around the use of common computer in applying it to actual problems in an languages in command and control. The effurt to detect the sources of informa- Pentagon's announced disposition toward one tion contained in the program. 68 pp. such language, COBOL, received considerable comment and a definite question was raised concerning the advisability of adopting a common language for command and control at 52 this time. The implications, both in dol- in directing and supporting research ef- lars-and-cents terms and in the possible forts to improve the state-of-the-art, and effect on the development of the state of that the present indoctrination program the art, could have a bearing on future Air in computers and computer programming for Force programs. 197 pp. Air Force officers be supplemented by courses in the established USAF schools. In addition, a training.program is urgent-. ly needed to develop a c,adre of skilled RM-3327-PR The Rand-SHARE Operating programmers in the Air Force. 75 pp. System Manual for the IBM 7090 Computer. Edited by G. E. Bryan. September 1962. A manual.of programmers' aids developed at Rand in. cooperation.with SHARE, an RM-3588-PR The Heuristic Compiler. organization of computer_nsers formed to H. A. Simon. May 1963. facilitate the exchange of computer pro- An investigation of the kinds of prob- grams, for use on the IBM 7090. The lem-solving activity that are involved in manual assumes that the reader is familiar computererogramming and the kinds of with the SHARE SOS Manual, and with the language and representational means that published descriptions of the other pro- are needed to produce more sophiSticated cessors, and is concerned with the changes compilers. Two major themes are presented: and additions that have been made in the (1) More of the programming burden can be various components of the operating system. shifted from programmer to computer if the The study.has application in military and computer is given some-problem,-solving civilian establishments where data pro- --uowers; and (2) if ne are to have flexi- cessing machinery is used. 117 pp. bility in a coMpiler language commensurate, with the flexibility of natural language, we must first gain an.understanding of the ways in which meanings are represented in RM-3337-PR A Guide to the General natural-language, and then devise repre- Problem-Solver Program GPS-2-2. A. sentations of corresponding power (and Newell.. February 1963. ambiguity) for compiling languages. A detailed account of the interual struc- 137 PP.! ture of GPS72-2, one of the versions of the General Problem Solver (GPS), a com- puter program for explorations into both the general mechanisms involved in prob- RM-3609-PR A Computing Program for lem solving and the way humans solve prob- Determining Certain.Statistical Param- lems. The gross topography of the program eters associated Mith Position and and a run-through of a simple problem to Velocity Errors for Orbiting and Re- put the parts in context are given. The entering Space Vehicles. R. T. Gabler, rest of the memorandum.is taken up with the S. J. Belcher, G. D. Johnson. April
various data StrUctures,used in GPS, the . 1963. subroutine hierarchY,. the embedding pro- A computing program for determining errors gram used to put GPS into operation and in position and velocity on a satellite receive outputs on selected aspeCts of its orbit. Errol: coefficients are computed performance, and the inkormation provided from analytic fOrmulas. These may be used for each task environment. 158 pp. in the further computation of systematic and random errors in the prediction of satellite position and velt.city. The com- puting program handles the propagation of RM-3447-PR Programming Languages:and variance-covariance and the determination Standardization in Command and Control. of confidence regions for position and J. P. Haverty, R. L. Tatrick. January velocity estimates. 61 pp. 1963. A study, of computer programming languages in the field Of command:and control. An evaluation of_current programming languages Rii-36467P2 1,GSneralized Assembly Sys- indicates that it is not now appropriate tem.: G.:H.Mealy.Angust 1963. to establish a standardprogramiingAan- A presentationOUthefirst_resultsof guage,':but that :planning for standardiza , research aiming:tcons&Lidate 4'nd-extend tion-should begin iimediately, Particu- the stateHef the_art-of computer:assembly larlYneeded are A data-Processing gips.- -system:designand impleMentation.,; seM" sary, magnetic tape recprding formats., and% blysysteme are:thereal coreof,mOdern:. character sets. Also,neederl,is:a: central prograXming USed te4répare problems for Air Force agency io establish'measures of calculation 'of solutions:in digital com7 performance, plan for standardiZation, and pUters. 'Thei.Mportance of proper design coordinate computer selection. The study of these systems is especially apparent suggests that the AirForce'take the lead- in the:implementation of such large con- 53 trol programs as SAGE and SACCS. The in the sentential calculus of Whitehead and research vehicle covered here is the Gen- Russell. In'rewriting it for use as a eralized Assembly System (GAS), programmed teaching aid, a new method of replacement in an experimental form for the 7090 Data on sub-expressions has been included, and Processing System by the author. 81 pp. many minor changes effecting improvements in clarity have been incorporated. Pea- tures.of the code that were unjustifiably hard to explain have been simplified. LT RA-3669-PR Analysis of the Decision can be implemented on any computer for Rules_in Decisios Tables. S. L. which.an IPL-V processor is available. Pollack. May 1963. 196 pp. A discussion of decision tables, a fkame- work for_describing a set of related de- cision rules- The tables can improve the communication.and documentation achieved IM-3753-ARPA Computer Recognition of .by previous techniques such as flow charts On-Line, Hand-Written Characters.
and narrative descriptions of data process- , M. I. Bernstein. October 1964. ing problems, patticularlyithose with com- Discussion of a method for recognizing plex decision.rnles.1 Decision tables also single, hand-written characters using an offer system analysts the possibility of on-line' graphical input device such as a eliminating inconsistencies and redundan- digitizing pantograph, light Pen, or RA3D cies.in each .set of specified decision Graphic Input.Tablet, as the primary in- rules end of ptoducing programs efficient formation-source. Basically, the method ib the use of.computer:storage and running consists-of filtering end Smoothing the time. -They also enable the system analyst input stream to eliminate as much redun7 to determine if he has considered all the dancy as possible. Direction of the sty- possible decision rules that'can be formed lus movement is quantized into one of fiom a particular set.of conditions.. The eight directions, allowing each stroke of author develops for decision tables a a character to be described as a series of theoretical structure that serves.as the connected straight-line segments. By elim- foundation.for achieving.these benefits, inating various measures On the stroke, 77 pp. the description is size-,'position-, and rotation-independent. To reStore some rotational orientation and to diScriminate between open, closed, and multi-stroke RM-3675-PR Soviet Cybernetics Tech- characters, end-point comparisons are added nology: I. Soviet Cybernetics, to the description. 33 pp. (See also 1959-1962. Edited by W. H. Ware, V. B. RM-.4122-ARPA.).. Holland. June 1963. Seven sets. of translations in the area of Soviet cybernetics, together with commen- tary and analyses on. the status of cyber- RM-3778-PE A Brief Review of SIMSCRIPT netics in the Soviet Onion, end the direc- as a Simulating Technique. M. A. tions of Soviet cybernetics research. This Geisler, H. M. Markowitz. Ju/y 1963. volume is concerned with.general computer A presentation of the underlying concepts technology and. cybernetics applications. and structure of SIMSCRIPT. It is main- Two more are anticipated; Volume II will tained that the key to understanding'the be on programming for specific computers; language of simulation and to developing Volume III, on hardwar4a and specific a more rigorous approach to simulation is machines. 104 pp. to have a SIMSCRIPT view of the world in terms of events, sets, and entities. A specific example of a simple job shop routine is given to support this view. The RM-3731-CC The Logic Theory Machine: memorandum concludes with a review of the A Model Heuristic Program. B. 1963 status of SIMSCRIPT. 28 pp. Stefferud. June 1963. A highly detailed program listing for the Logic Theory Machine (LT), a computer pro- gram written in Information Processing RM-3797-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technol- Language-V (IPL-V), and. developed espe- ogy: II. General Characteristics of cially for use as a pedagogical.model. Several Soviet Computers. Edited by The text portions expand on the documen- Ware, W. B. Aolland. August 1963. tation in the listing, tracing,proaram A collection of annotated translations flow, analyzingroutines used, and pro- concerning eight Soviet and Soviet bloc viding insight into the structure'and de- computers. Noteworthy is the inclusion velopment of the program. LT was origi- of information on-two little-known ma- nally programmed in ...rt eerly version of chines, the 'Much's (Byelorussian) and the IPL to derive proofs of logic expressions "EPOSI2 (Czechoslovakian), and some coo-
' 54 mentary on the nUral-4." An article on RM-3879-PR TIPL: Teach Information the BESM-II" contradicts information Processing Language. R. Dupchak. Oc- from other sources. 78.pp. (See also tober 1963. RM-2541, . RM-36754 ; A.presentation of TIPL (Teach Infordation Processing Language), a computer program which checks the correctness of solutions to problems written in Information Proc- RM-3804-PB Soviet Cybernetics Technol- essing Language-V, (IPL-V), It is a teach- ogy: III, Programming Elements of the ing aid designed to evaluate automatically BESM,.STRELA, Ural,. M-3, and. Kiev Com- both the correctness and the efficiency of. puters-Edited by. W. H. Ware, W. B. a student's program. The first section of Holland; translated from the Russian thereport is intended for the student. by A. S. Kozak. SepteMber. 1963. It describes how tie must prepare his pro:- A translation from the Russian detailing gram deck and what epnventions he must ob7' the instruction formats for five of the serve. The second section describes how better known.Soviet digital computers. the system operates-and the manner in Some notes.are included to help.place the which the instructor may modify old prob- machines in perspective. Charts give the lems and add new ones. 32 pp. operation Codes for the five machines, along with theaoriginal Russian terminology and its English,translation. 91 pp. (See' also RM-3675, 8M-3797.) RM3976-PR Data System Design and Con-
. trol Using AUTOSATE--An Automated Data System,Analysis Technique. D..D. Butler, E. M.-Fairbrother, O. T. Gatto.,
R1-3812-PR Technical Appendix on the . rebruary 1964. SIMSCRIPT Simulation Programming Lan- Data system analysis, design, and control guage-B. Hausner, H. M. Markowitz. are growing areas of importance as the Air August .1963. Force increasingly, employs electronic data Five tables presenting miscellaneous in- processors..Alhis memorandum describes an foration which may be ofvalue. to the automated data system analysis technique programmer who wishes to use SIMSCRIPT in (AUTOSATE) that can.be used as an aidin some unusual way or to modify. the SIMSCRIPT these three areas by providing ia1p7mation translator: (1) the layoUt of region IV, on_data system.flows and CharacterStics aboWe 31,000; (2)a short description of for the data -.system analysis phase,and by each routine in the "System Packagen; (3) furnishing a useful tool- to guide system a short description of each_routine in the design and control. Included are all the. Translator; (4) a listing of FAP reutine, operator instructions, program logic flow KLRXX, which removes the first eVent of a charts, and FORTRAN instruction listings specified type from the calendar;(5) an for those interested in-applying the tech- alphabetic listing of the table of con-. nique to data system. surveys,of both pro- tents of the SIMSCRIPT manual. -18 pp. posed and operational systems. 256 pp. (Supersedes RM-3118.4
RM38.42-PR A Comparison of List-Proc7, essing:Computer Languages. D. G. RM-74033,-PR tCodputer Personnel Research Bobrow, B. Raphael. :;October . :GroupProgrammer performance Prediction A detailed comparson of COMIT, IPL-V, Study.: R. Reinstedt, B.:, C. Halmidi, LISP 1.5,Hand SLIP-,-!-four wellknown peres, E. L. Picard. March 1964. list-prOcessing computer aanguageS which A report Of the results of a Study under- among them, exhibit all the:principal r 'taken bythe Computer:Personnel Research characteristics Of existingjiSt-Trodessing _ 'Zroup to gain,some insight inte the rela- languages. Important comMon.features:of tionship betWeen rated-jOb performance on liSt-TroCessing languages are:reviewed, theone hand. and, on theother,.Ycognitive and principal differences between the -abilities; Vocational interests, and bio-H four languages are:detailed. :A rough com7 graphicallinformatioaof CoMputer program- parison:shows thatthe languages discussed mers. A testbattery codpoSed of the IBM areall of approximately the same speed.-"" Pogrammer AptitudeTest,:the Test mf Se- Some heuristics areygiven to aid ii('the quentiai InstruCtions (aresearchinstru- selection of one :of:these languagesor. ment specially-constructed for thisstudy), use in particular:Problem applications, -the Strong-Vocational Interest Blank, And coacluding--that no one of'the languages ,a'PersonalBackgroUndData Form wasad considered Is distinctly Superior tO all ministered to "534 programmers:V.01: Scien possible listprocesSing tificand 233. business)repreSenting :24 44 pp.. participating Companies. 71AT.
atj% 55 RMr-4122-ARPA The RAND Tablet: A Man- little of the staging and action is Machine.Graphical Communication Device. described. Appendixes contain statements M. Davis, T. O. Ellis. August 1964- of the problems solved during the demon- 'Description of a low-cost, two-dimensional stration and the longer, more detailed graphic input tablet and stylus developed outputs, and answers to frequently asked to conduct research on man-machine graph- questions about the system. 51 pp. ical communications- The tablet is a printedcircuit screen complete with printed,circuit capacitive-coupled en- coders with 40 external connections. The RM-4188-PR Studies. in Data System De- writing surface is a. TO" x 10" area with velopment: The Air Reseryla Records a resolution of 100 lines per inch in both Center. S. L. Pollack-July 1964. x and y. The system does not require a A.description of the electronic data proc- computer-controlled scanning system to sing.system.of.the Air Resetve Records locate and track the stylus. 30 pp. 'Center (ARRC)... During its development Bibliog._ and implementation, it encountered many problems that Other large-scale systems have faced or .will face. This memorandum describes solutions to some of these RM7-4133-PR Introduction to COBOL Pro- problems and explains several unique.end gramming. .R..H. Gregory, R. L. worthWhile features that were incorpor- Van Horn.. April 1965- ated into the Records Center's system., An introduction to conputer programming The study first describes the background with COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Lan- for its development, including the major guage), using.COBOLT,.a simplified and steps leading tothe current electronic completely compatible subset of COBOL that data processing system. -It then .discusses preserves the.essential structure of the its special features, and finally compareS language, but minimizes the number of rules early proposals with the current system.. and options the student has to learn in the 58.pp. initial stage- The steps involved in using a COBOL. program are describelland illus- trated:. (1)..program translation into ma- chine language by a data processor;(2) use RM-4220-PR Studies in Data System De- of the resulting machine language.to cow- velopment: The OCAMA Weapon System trol the data processing. 140 pp. Project. E. r. R. Hearle, R. J. Mason.
Bibliog. . April, 1965. An examination of a pioneering lir Force effort to apply the computer to inventory management--the stock control and distri- RM-4162-PR JOSS: Scenario of a Filmed bution system developed and operated by Report. C. L..Baker. June 1964. the Oklahoma City Air Materiel Area A description of JOSS (Johnniac Open Shop (OCAMA). The Memorandum discusses changes S)ystem), an.on-line, time-shared use of in system concepts, operations, and data- the Rand Johnniac computer, providing com- processing equipment configuration over putational service at a number of.remote the past nine years. Conclusions are electric.typewriter consoles. As many as drawn for guidance in developing other eight users at once may communicate with large scale data systems. 55 pp- (See JOSS by means of a smooth language, spe- also RM-4188.) cifically designed for on-line problem solving. JOSS handles many formula evaluation problems, providing the facil- ity of a printing desk calculator as well RAE-4232-PR A Technique for Iiroving as the capabilities of a stored-program the Management of a Conputer Instal- computer.. It also provides various arith- lation- R. L. Patrick. Septem,,er 1964. metic and trigonometric functions.and Describes the benefits of an informal allows flexible output in user-specified technique for 9omputer installation man- formats. A console consists of a stand- agers to control the work force and gather ard IBM 868 typewriter with a sliahtly data suitable for reports to management. modified character set and a .small box The memorandum includes a statement of the with a few.indicato,: lichts and activat- development of the technique, a fall de- ing switches. It uses continuous-feed, scription of the computer operations array, sprocket-guide, single-ply paper in the uses of the management tool, and some 8 1/2 x 11 sheets. The user's input of in- examples of the system's efficiency in a structions and data is type in green,. computer operation handling a stated work and JOSS responses in black. This Mem- load at minimum cost. 62 pp. orandum contains the narration accompany- ing the filmed demonstration, the user's inputs, and the resulting computer outputs; 56 BM-4242-PR Modify and Restart Routines meric, and mnemonic-r-and use as subjects for SIMSCRIPT Experiments. H..M. Air Force maintenance personnel whose Markowitz, R. C. Steorts. June 1965. coding routine is similar to the method k presentation of routines to. be used with of recording real-world maintenance data. any SIMSCRIPT simulation program. They Their coded information is keypunched and provide snapshot, modify, and restart the.resulting decks analyzed to determine capabilities for the following game and which factors led to the highest And low- experiment.applications: (1) man/machine est error rates. The twelve major find- games in Wiich the computer simulates a ings are given in detail, and appear suf- system for a period oftime, humans then ficient to serve as testable hypotheses use the results to decide on changeS in for further experimentation. 38 pp. policy parameters for the following periods, and tbe computer resumes sliulations where it left off but with:policy parameters, modified; and (2) simulation experiments 2M-4390-PR. Natural Language in Com- in.which.snapshots of. the simulated system puter Form. M. Kay, T. W. Ziehe, are recorded on tape at'verious points February 1965. time.After inspecting: the4etiodic DesCription of a scheme for recording' summary print-outs produced by the.simula text incomputer7useable form so that tion, an analyst may specify a return to all\meaningful typographical distinctions some snapshot,.modify one or more patame- are\represented in a standard format. ters, and resume simulation at that point. ProWision is made lot texts in different While-this revised simulation is running, langUages and'diffekent alphabets, and additional snapshotsaay be taken so that for SUbsidiary material suchas parallel the process can-berepeated. :69 pp. tranSlations and comments of'interest to userS and.'libiarians. The basic set of
. encoding coaventions isindefinitely ex- tensible to accommOdate nei'kinds of,ma- RM-4258 PALL: BAND's Automated Address terial. In particular, the memorandum: Book. G. E. Bryan. September, 1964. (1). provides special facilities for very A description of a computer program de- large bodies of'data (by embedding the signed to improvethe accuracy, speed, and text encoding scheMe in a general file convenience of handling the paperwork in- maintenance system), and &means of'cor volved in distributing publications of the recting and revising filed material; (2) %RAND Corporation. PALL (Prints Address describes computer programs'whichzimplify Lists and Labels) maintains a master file conversion:Oftext from various sources of some 850 organizations approved to.re- into the standard foriat;(3) discusSes ceive various categoriesof RAND reports., the problem Of and describes a flexible In.design and operation, the programre- ?rogram.for printing text which has been seMbles a two-pass assembler and makes ex- -,recorded in'standard format. 90 pp. tensive use of modern string-handling, pointer, and:dictionary:techniques. ',91 pp. 411-43957PR Description of the Computer Program.for Aggregate BaSe StoCkage RM-4320-PR' LIPL: Linear Information Ilolicy,of Recoverable Items. Y. Lu, Processing Language. R. Dupchak. G. AMithels. April 1965. February 1965. A description Of.a cotputet program to Presentation of a new alternate format in Calculate steck levels'actoss a'set of re- which IPL routines and data can be repre- Coverableitems which aregenerallychar- sented. LIPL, a horizontal, linear, ibterized byhigh unitcostand low-de- Parenthesis format, is described. The Bland. The inventoty polley folloVed is memorandum also presents a new I2L Basic t:47 reerder a.Unit whenever one4s demanded. Process, J164, for in-process loading of HMO aSsumed:demand distribution is 'a stut- LYPL routines and data. A description tering Poisson,While the distribution of and listing of the J164 routine is in- response:time is arbitrarY, since only the cluded. 67 pp. mea.m responSe titheiMeeds teibe knoWn. The technigUe BaYesian±inferende is used ferdemand prediction.. Included with the program (Written in FORTRAN IV) is-A 1367-
RM-4346-q11 . Factors Affecting-Coding scriptionof the struCturing Of the entire Errors. S.,,OwsOwitz,, A.Sweetland. TroTrAm, .flow charts,' AjdefinitiOn'of the April 1965. vAriableS, and a listing of the SOurce A discussionef Severer studiWto deter- prOgram. NO pp.. mine the major factorS'contributing to coding errors,:the biggest problemi.n any information system. Thestudies empl.toy various Codesnumerie, alpha.:alphanu,-: 57 RM-4431-PR Digital Communications and software research. Primary focus is on EDP for an Advanced Tactical Air con- the development of computer languages and trol Systea: A Preliainary Study. representations, the efficiency of the G. B. Sorthrop. January 1965. programming and translation processes, A brief study offering suggestions for and the environment in which programmers circumventing some of the potential diffi- and programs interact. The key problem culties that may arise with the introduc- of makiug computers accessible to the non- tion of digital communications and data professional user is also dir tssed. processing in an Advanced Tactical Air 32 pp. Costral System. A three-phaso program of equipment acquisition is outlined, Phase I of 441101 would enhance present capability while acquiring field esromlesce leading ItS-4506-SASA Integration of Man and is as evolutionary sinner to specific Computer in Prelaunch Checkout of Ad- operatiomal requiressr's lor sore couples vaticed Space Vehicles. R. D. Pepler, systes elosents. 30 pi. J. c- Soki. April 1965. An calysis of the roles, intoreatiom, mad ifttertace display oed control requiro- *eats for different towels of checkout Sol-4440-Pn Progression by Questioe- system automatios. Tke levels of automa- &aim. k. SGiesbers, S. R. Sariovits. tic& coamidered are: II) *besot Lithe P. O. Oldfather. April MS. cospeter is ptiarafily .404 as a switching A description of the program .oeiratioli **trim);t2) sisieol (pose *I the sore concept. of proornoolog by gooatiososire, rtGatise coattol o)d rnisatioo CISOCtitiOs teChsilee for codnclog tn. coat as* tie, 4V0 4ele9atto4 to the cospetorl; so4- celoic** to prodeco conpster proemial' alib- erste (the teat ealimeer cos leers sore is specified *roam of ppticatiole. Tito about his Gystesos perforoasco tbrottah sosornotion ***crtbal* tba tecimileo. coo- feedbeck died totemic. mitornattos)t *54 per** it to ontottos tocbmilson. 4o4 gel adwasce4 (the chockost aymtee cam cannon potoottal noon. The meth.* to 4*- **opt to pretest ooditicati.a. *** cam *crib** to tern* of tbo Job nor $imile- toprolcan IAA operation* oe lima). The tie. Proarao 0..ertor (41SPC). 411 05**0. ;study 44ntis9u4410,0 betvelea ihe karmisce 4oaelopo4 to toot lbe fonntbility ao4 ant 4400tO*14, aspect* of * newit:eepuiet 4.nitabiltty of *he galsrept. al pp. interface *o4 41411'04004 It** isporlasee of f4P114001,81 rather Inas p***1 *64 caseate 4oaina. 9: pp,
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V-14. 11$ 58 log data, and tape labels are written as able grid (microgrid) differential alti- logical records in a specially designed tude method of tabular representation. blocking format. Beginnings and ends of The microgrid representation is found to blocks, phystcal tapes, and catalogs are be generally superior, but many problems explicitly marked. The Catalog Input/ have special properties which sake other Output System offers a variety of input/ methods sore efficient. The formulas output unit-control operations in addition given are upper bounds of time and cost to the commands for reading and writing for each method; they show whether or not data in catalog foraat. The reading and it is necessary to analyze a problem for writing consands are implemented on three special structure to make it computation- levels: Level III handles individual ally tractable. Polynomial, statistical, data; Level II reads and writes logical and analog methods are discussed briefly. records; and Level I processes blocks of craphic input devices, such as the WAND information. 71 pp. (See also nn-aonS.) Tablet, facilitate prepLncessing and re- duce costs in elapsed lise and dollars. Appendixes give an alguLithe and conver- gence theorem for the contour tree repre- 118-4083-Pe Couputer-Assisted nainte- sentation, and describe the Rand microgrid. sauce Planning. P. J. riviat. July BO pp. Rot. (See also Ita-S081.) 194S. & deocriptios 4f a cospoter ptfiggis r4c planuing esti scheduling base naintenance, support and training activities. The in- P5-0445-Pit The Catalog: 4 flexible puts aro descriptions of bane flying pco. Data Structure for Magnetic Tape. O. *rams and vaintesaace, support end train- Ray. T. I. Heber. October 110.S. isg policies; the outpets are displays of 48 outtin, ot a generalised storage schema base rogetreoonto for personoel and *gulp- for large Mos of highly structured data neat. vorkload control Oh chock lints. (or catalogs) ao4 a descriiptioa of their *ad pers000el and eivipsoat dispatch realisatioe on aagoetic tape. tack datnn, Quiet's. Those *gavots take ioto con- large or stall. in assigooe to onf. of a saderatiom the scheduled 44-4410444000 sup- smatter of data classes of velc$ a user say r4 and tratoial toi.nts, bet do not pro- Wise day somber. The over-all *cocotte- wife estioates of sanpoaer or olutpaeat time of catalog as gime by 4 sap tiaa tot stschedaled oatateaaace. *2 pp. isposes a txeo otructute ov the set of data clamed*. Catalogs sel participate an iedivideal data in other catalogs oo that the strectere at a tile say bo recur- $eparable Poodundant COP. sive. 4 flesibie addressiag scheop not kvfer4. I. D. 44404, L. T. 4441, °sty facilitates the retrieval or dat* and 4ortemb444 14415. sets of data in tempos** to easily tom- a *4144e4140. tar 44 411-1441e00414t Of COOm' tatod reg000ls bet also ptvides * 04sts tctple c,Fdondancy to orovaite three for vpdatiog catalogs. G000ral procederes +;on-le covectataileat catebilaty; (a) called traostorsations can OP need to de- A tf4,0, redaedaat coopelem. (b) 4 deally rive catalogs with OPW stractareo fros 4h4aat coapster plos *toll* cospoter ogistiog catalogs. 12 pp. peo atop voila** todepoodestly. and ic) 44-4110.) 1440* faectieloall) an4epotadeot coopaters. 444404es041 4114004 4 f44404 *Ott tO 4Av4lt424054 *VI *ad stst dove for repair ahal stall rrovaitag aosillOge self-chock= 44-6111-PF tweet-04*i, -to* Chattiog ats *t 44 Pref44444 cospoter sysloo. in 44r0A4Tha 0, *ea feasiaa. 1. 0. better. 4, Gatti). Ocitowor 4 descriptio* r a see aed note floatage automatic eveowchaan flowcharting tech= aivio hsiit oe the 04rItOr 41006441 oethet. 1*-1.4014-P, Tanwiar PetteseetaltioasSt The aeammadvel (I) discos:se§ the system's irtitaiter141* Punctloow--Site 41ttica- throe philsos fdocooecatag **ate* (loes. 440444 40 rot.ofisttsc **4041444,. I. 4. translating 449,tats iota eacnisemreatable 1,0608. T*84-10414 114/. fox*. and producing evemtirchaia Moe charts 40411440 *I 100 COSp40411041111 *pea". ** coaeater); Ili 004144r00 400* 00s silo*. 01941 ittelooft for natio** 144414f ferfw 0444 41440 OA 404 V00444404-4 the 40444i0A **mallows of 0410sailf1410 14000440a. rrodored at;il) analivos the nrwtiimos foot 41110744A'A/ 44,041f4081P OW04010141140 oirAtens tor 4,4p5k5 444 44000044441 444 fv# techatries* Perfothaece cooparismasas otters 4.11414144 owes* charts. #401)4'444 t oiato4 As totraan 040044.0eas. 4014448 liatiegs. and oteraliog instractimas. 1.wr81#44411108, 404 444%1444 01 4Iiitifit.Vz 1/ oe. it*a. 444e 44=11101, a=11W1, 08-0/4.1 0100 e10 10400 et two 0000011f 0044404e 140 1011f*rs 1114 ***Ants. *fad to* 2(4404 *444. rla 59
8m-4782-PR A Computer Simulat-ion of 1111-4849-PF Integrating Base Mainte- Adaptive Routing Techniques f-t- Dis- nance Management by Unifying Its Infor- triL ted Communications Systems. D. W. mation Systems in Manual and Compu- Boobs, R. Mobley. February 1966. ter-Assisted Environnents. I. K. Description of a computer mod-1 of a dis,- Cohen, E. V. Oenardo, P. J. Kiviat. tributed communicationm system. It is June 1966. written in FORTRAN IV and is designed to Suggestions for improving maintenance test various otaptive essage routiny management by unifying the infornation techniques. The program simrtates the systen and by integrating the many func- progress of messages through tte s)stee tions of the team. The suggested innova- and neasures the effects of the routing tions are: (1) integration of several techniques' adaptation t.) specified de- manual data acquisition systems around grees of destruction of Its links and the on-going control of tlight-line main- nodes» A listing of the program is given, tenance;(2) extensioa of this intgre- plus the pitfalls to avoid in developing tier to allied uaintenance functions; (3) similar programs. 44 p?. use of a computer to generate documents for the managment of preplanned activ- ities; (4) integration of other seimtemance functions sith no. (3); and (S) full use ne-4793-141 Relational Date Pile: A of as on-line computer for further improve- tool for Sailhaiited Eiript-'4Aina sest 4E tiro teat-kis: E4Aretion and cloaca- and Data Retrieval. R. I. Levies, antien of several saintenesce masagesent 41. E. flacon. December 196S. function Theme steps are to be vieved as A descriptios of the background and status a genera ;aide rather than as a rigid of a current project re automatic data sequence af implementatiom. 73 pp. storage sad retrieval. The research ee- chemises the development sod testing of logical technilees tor data retrieval emit isfecence-saktug. Tte techaileen are an-4920-Pa Compatet somthuen To lead beteg tuplesested is the form of computer natural Tent is Complex forests. P. A. costiseo wad tested on a large body ot Craves, D. G. lays, II. Say, T. ne. facts coscersial the field of cybersetics. aloha. Aliquot 1966. ventage sections presest the theocetical 4 description of a spites of TIM 7040/44 nese of the proposed scot's, 4 smeitary of subtoutimes that will accept seteral-lan- the thooty of relationn, typicel deta ce- gouge Wet lath complex forsats--e.g., trieval regiments, the key probleen of free hooka, josruals, geestlessaifees isfereace, techsiques tor ptictical MAU.. clippings, library catalog cacds--pre- Natio* of the data file, eetput Kimble**, perked by *ay typesettieg device or other storaee sod processing problems, the data machtue (typevritet, keypesch, etc.). file as 4 whole, the geostios of liters- ispets are trasecribed by the Geometer into tee" searchisg, ewe future steps to be a standard oode tot **chase peoconsiag mod takes to vetoed the capebility of the CAB be rearraaged tato euy desired format *potent. 101 pp. foe storage oc output. Diffeceet kiads of infoeuatios are recognised by implicit setters, positios os the tise er page. or systaatic clues gives by other' itess.The alle4410-PP Soviet Cyberseltics Tech- liehroutisee cas be limed aisgly or together; selgolff W. Soviet Process Costrol they soy be celled from either Mame or Coop4tere6 Trassleted by W. *. nelload, O 441 proves*. 4 detailed progconserso J. a. 448141. edited by V. V. Ware, guide is iscieded. 143 pp. V. V. Selland. Oeimeher 116150,, 0e4ails of eight reaestly developed Soviet wastrel COMWOCO. Tee tresolatiess fees Soviet *014100 seterial (*hero koftifoohioe 111-100014-04S4 **pock oe a Desoastratios es the sechises appeared) are eetessively Test of Ceepstereimaisted Coest4oes. essoteted. 411 pirteres and diagrams fees S., I. Dresser, 0. T. Sotto, T. D. the original sauce itesn are iscieded, es issievski. 444101 19104. eel* Am several pholoaraphe tree otker As isliestigatiee of the isterectios to- nosecos. The editors have appeeded easy tems 044 and covpeter is a cosetdoes eireasetety *otos sad cossests, e14 has* elmkresseet. Possible besefits sad mote. cetefullc checked *orb **obis* leecriptio4 leas of estendisq competer isestrel are five A 404k,101314C*1 stasdpoist. 14 op- *leo enploted. The desesstretio. test pewits gossatss es elphabetiCel listisa of eltesities colistdows fro, the esimettwee ell mlitirevietiese used is tap eriiimal central levet, iseo, teem* director, Oessias 10415., 92 pp test supervisor, Ot lauacheeehiCle test cosiseter.Tests as* operatioss appear aa is a sersal coaliteells script. eajor hardest* test coapeeestseessist of the GO 60 computer and the Rand Tablet, a nan/sa- JOSS functions are divided into three chine graphical communication device. groups: arithmetic operations (including Using the Rand graphic system, the exec- exponential and square root), elementary utive can experiment, interrogate, pre- transcendental functions, and number dis- dict, issue commands, and receive re- section functions. The four arithmetic sponses on a cathode ray tube display operations (a4d, subtract, multiply, di- from e central processing unit. out- vide) and square root treat the operands puts (-resented include information deal- as exact nine-digit numbers and produce ing with time, script, status, and oper- true results rounded to nine digits. De- ational and engineering data. The test scriptions af the arithmetic routines are introduces an innovation that enables the presented im gross verbal flow-charts, executive to act on-line with a simula- amplified by commentaries. Tbe discussion tion of the countdown: he van make of the transcendental functions emphasizes changes to the script or to the simula- the analysis done to achieve almost tion. 38 pp. nine-significant-digit accuracy in the re- sults and shows how special cases are handled to hit cectain "sagic', values on the nose. Program flows of the number dis- 11/1-5016-ARPli Real-Tine Recognition of section functions demonstrate bow a sophis- Bandprintod Text. C- r- Groner. octo- ticatod tool say be supplied to the user ber 1966. with trivial expenditure of programming Describes a program, written in fl1R 360 effort. 51 pp. (See also 14O-5058.) Assembly Language, that allows the user of 4A on-line computer to print data and directives on the PAXD Tablet with a special, pea and have then recognized and RR-5044-PR JOSS: Console Service displayed issediately. The sehese vocal- Routines (The Distributzr). I. D. nixes 51 letters, nuntems, and symbols in Greenwald. September t966- 4 wide variety of printing styles, rb- A description of the fuection of the JOSS quiring only the usual coaventions fol- distributor, which handles all input and towel on coding forms. Nigh-resolution output from the uner stations asd tele- point-by-point pen location data ace types. A mejer design criterion was to gathered, displayed on the cathode ray prevent ostace-down,'" a condition in which tate* screen, and analyzed while tbe the computer and a console may be waiting character is beina written or drawn. An for each other. The distributor makes avarain 100 data points per stroke (we certain that each console is in the Aiwa- each 4 *sec) 4te collected, filtezed, 4m4 priate state, transmits asd encodes all 'hiseel. A stroke is identified by such input vid output, keeps all linen within clies 44 sequence of directioes, corners, allowed lengths, ensures that characters azt end-point location, and also by eon- ere not dont during carriage returns and teAttlet elves when necessary. nultiple page changes, and sees that uppec or lower stroke symbots 4re recognised by the case is printed according to user's type- identification and relative location of writer shift. Whops the console is turned t%0 constitoent strokes, regardless of off, the distributor disables the station 100 order in ethic% they are %Mitten. The while the sonitor tidien up,'" and thee 1,@41 tract is displayed until the character enables it tor the next user. An Appendix 45 cecojnimod, and 4S then replaced by a contains program documentation, consisting standard hardware-lenerated versioe of the of a Station Control Register table cud character. Previously written material the nine console service routises. 34 pp. remains en the display until removed. (SOO else P4-50%11-1011.) Changes, insections, and deletions are e45ier t4441 with pencil and paper. 1:4- per-isnot* with groups of prolconners ongineers, and secretaries indicato that 4 On-%0SO-PR *MSS: introdection to a half-hoar training period is sufficient, Helpful assistant. C. L. Mater. with 10 percent immediate recognition by August 1966. thesyston. Tbe %chome is is daily use 4 step-by-stop dononstration of JOSS--a 44 44 esperivestal problem salving system syston designed to provide the indfvidual 4t Paid. %I pp. Pot. scientist and engineer with a personal computational sorvice immediately avail.- able, whenever rejoiced, in his Own VOCA,- inl environment' The distinauishing fee- Pn-%020-#11 J05Ns icittiotic and func- teres of JOU3 41r101 Penile 1:0460les tion evaluation Paotisos. 1. P. Iroon- o041440044 with eieetrie typewritecs for said. 3eptenber 1166. inpot and output: highly readable and 4 description of the progransiol of arit14- coverlet langeale for numeric coeputetios4 *attic and function 044144t404 instine4 tot cepitatiaation, upellina,acid J033 from a projtanner's point of view. 4itthat4448oa C410§; easy 044tica4 quick 1 61 response; exact input; familiar decimal rather than stored explicitly. Counting arithmetic; exact output; and renort- space for all auxiliarios, one IBM 1301 quality formatted output. The intimate disk holds 232,000 sentences in the infor- interaction between man and machine per- mation language. The system operates on mits the JOSS user to exercise judgment an IBM 7044 computer. 35 pp. Ref. (See continually during the course of computa- also RH-4793.) tion, changing and modifying the proce- dure as he wishes. This is one of the unique aspects that distinguishes JOSS from other systees and has led tocits RM-5108-1-PR Russian-English Diction-
. enthusiastic adoption by the RAND staff. ary of Cybernetics and Computer Tech- This talk was presented to the Eleventh nology, Second Edition, Revised and Annual Data Processing conference at the Enlarged. V. B. Rolland. February University of Alabama Birmingham Center 1969. on 4 Ray 1966. 50 pp. The second edition of the Rand Russian-En- glish Dictionary of Cybernetics and Com- puter Technology contains over 300 nev major entries, making a total of 2050 R5-5081-PR A Compact Statistical Beth- major entries and about 3300 s4bentries; od of Topographic Representation. B. V. each subentry defines a key tens as it Boehm, J. E. Rieber. Pebruary 1967. appears in frequently encountered phrases An information rtgemerAtion method embod- and special constructions. Rany'correc- ied in a PORTRAY program tor storing topo- tions and improvemunts to the previous graphic saps in a digital computer in com- definitions have been made. is before, pact form. A statistical model of the entries are sade for terns encountered in terrain is used. The major outlines of the Soviet cybernetic literature, without the topography are entered directly. When any attempt to define the field or to asp- the altitede of any point is desired, the senble a complete glossary. The diction- interstices are "fleshed out" by regesera- ary is entirely machine-processed ems tion from the probability distributios of punchcardn and sagmetic tape, sad is pho- altitude variations, thus trading computer toreproduced directly from computer print- storage for execution time. Any deaired out. 261 pp. (By) degree of realism can be achteved at in- creased space/time cost. If realistic representation of a particular area is needed Lor detailed amalyses of the in- R5-5129-PR Programming by Question- fluence of terrain, the direct representa- native; Rom to Construct a Program tion sethods described in I5-4636 are roc- Generator. P. R. Oldfather, A. S. oseended. The statistical method is pref- Ginsberg, N. B. Berkowitz. Vovember erable for broad-brush analyses, is par- 1966. ticular for terrain variation is a Route A reference manual for the Programming by Carlo analysis. 67 pp. Ref. Questionnaire technique, prenwnted in sefficient detail to enable a programmer to construct a program generator. Famili- arity with the costest of 111-4464 would 15-5005-141 A Coeputer System for In- be helpful to the user, and a koowledge of ference Execution and Date Retrieval. SIRSCRIPT is uandatoty. The torus, use, D. 5. Levies, R. R. Peres. September and operation of the four composests of 1966. the program generator are described in Describes the Belatiosal Data Filo, a detail. A summary of technical details coeputer-based data retrieval system now and complete Xditoc program listing are partly operaticsal, capable of storing included es appendixes. 153 pp. millions of facts and of retrieving data both directly ant through logical iater- once. A large collection ef information aboet cybernetics reeeerch was tined as 111-5135-PR Soviet Cybersetics Technol- the data base. facts are stored in the ogy% VII. ALORC--Report on am Algo- fore of sestesces in an artificial infor- rithmic Languaqe for Economics Calcula- mation language, each representing a bi- tions (Frelisinary Version). Translated nary relatioaship between too entities. from the Russian by V. D. Rolland, J. D. Data are °stored by means of special in- Gesley. September 1966. put forms; a translatios program in a A working version of an expassios of the special progressing language, POORRAII, international high-level computer language derivea the relational sentences that are ALGOL 60 to set Soviet economic planning them istersaliy coded aod stoted in the seeds. A committee headed by B. A. Rorolev d*ta file. An istessional file that stores was directed bf the Soviet goveruseut :to facts about relationships permits many data create such a language. ALGEC converts nentencee to be derived when needed, ALGOL 60 for use with the Cyriilic alpha- 62 bet, provides for handling text, editing, coupled to a retrieval process. 38 pp. list processing, and for access to indi- Ref. vidual items on lists and arrays. 4"-:, Rand translators of the Russian draft show all changes from the original ALGOL 60. ALGOL conventions ignored by the author have been RN-5157-PR Soviet Cybernetics Technol- restored, and ambiguities clarified. Defi- ogy; IX. ALGECSummary and Critique. nitions of terms and syntactic units have N. Wirth. February 1967. been indexed. Russian-English and En- A summary and evaluation of the prelimi- glish-Russian glossaries of all ALGOL and nary and final versions of ALGEC, the So- ALGEC terms and an annoi:.ated bibliography viets' Algorithmic Language for Economics of 12 Rand publications on Soviet cyber- Problems. A computer programming language netics technology are appended. 158 pp. for economics data processing, ALGEC is an almost pure extension of ALGOL 60. The deletions are in conformity vith the IFIP-zeproved SUBSET ALGOL. The ercensions R1-5136-PR Soviet Cibernetics Technol- add features obviously needed to handle ogy: VIII. Report on the Algorithmic nonnuseric data. While not a complete Language ALGEC (Final Version). Trans- list processing language, ALGEC appears to lated from the Russian by V. B. Holland. be adequate for business data processing, December 1966. with the possible exception of decimal A translation of the final version of the arithmetic. Also, input-output transfers new Soviet Algorithmic Language for Eco- cannot be identified by source. The re- nomics Problems (ALGEC), a general-purpose tention of nested strings from ALGOL is an computer programming language that can use unnecessary coaplication, and the use of both Latin and Cyrillic alphabets and COBOL-style data structures (lists) pre- either Russian or English reserved words. cludes the handling oE data with complex Based on ALGOL 60 and SUBSET ALGOL 60, and dynamically varying relationships. ALGEC has been modified to permit the Definitions lack precision, and the senan- handling of tables, records, indexes, tic and syntactic rules are unrealistic. and documents of complex forsat and vari- 51 pp. (See also RM-5135, 011-5136.) able length; and to provide a means of selecting and processing individual items from such documents and from nonnumerical textual matter. Ideas and input-output RN-5162-PR Programming by Question- procedures were taken from COBOL-61. The naire: The Job Shop Simulation Pro- memorandum includes a translation of M. gram Generator. P. M. Oldfather. A. S. Korolev's article on the development of Ginsberg, P. L. Love, H. R. Markowitz. AL1EC; a brief biographical note on the July 1967. Pussies, authors and editor; a Russian-En- A description of the Job Shop Simulation ;lish glossary of ALGEC terminology; and Program Generator, an application of the an tinglish-Bussian glossary included in au Programming by Questionnaire technique index to definitions of terns and syntac- developed at RAND to reduce the cost and tic units.A bibliography of Rand publi- time required to produce large computer cations on Soviet cybernetics and computer programs, particularly those required for technology is appended. 152 pp. simulations of portions of the Air Force logistics system. The user can obtain a computer program by filling out a multi- ple-choice questionnaire covering aspects RN-5150-PR A Simple Scheme for Formal- of the job shop he wishes to simulate. izing Data Retrieval Requests. F. M. Answers are punched on seven cards that Tonga. May 1967. are fed to the program generator, which A description of an experimental scheme checks the answers for cousistency, gen- for translating data retrieval requests, erates the program, and produces the data expressed in reasonable "natural"' lan- speciVications. The user then completes guage. into 4 formalized format. The sim- the data deck according to the specifica- ple translation procedure, which immedi- tions, adds it to the end of the program ately feeds its proposed translation back deck, and subsits the entire program to to the analyst, uses rules depending on the computer. The output consists of in- the position of words in the request and terim reports on resource utilization, simple semantic information about the job statistics, and queue statistics, and class of wor4s. It is programmed in a a final summary report. The functions of list processing language (IPL-V) and is the various routines and the meaning of oriented toward a relational file organi-, the variablen in the SIMSCRIPT definition Ration. The present scheme is designed deck are given for the use of 5Ir1CRIPT to process a giallo request rather than a programmers. 115 pp. Refs. dialogue of requests and retrievals. Also, the translation procedure in not yet 4r% P 14) 63 RM-5183-PP The Application of On-Line rence of events that will help determine GraphAcal Techniques for Programming the system's performance and its operating and Opfsrating a Moving Network Moni- environment. Certain data are displayed toring Display. L. Chesler, R. Turn. each minute on the JOSS master console, January 1967. and other more global data are recorded Describes the structure and operating in memory and displayed every four hours. procedures of experimental computer pro- The four-hour summary is periodically re- grams used to simulate a real-time moving duced by a JoSS program to give profiles network display of spacecraft checkout of both the system's over-all operation operations. Proposed in R1i-4678 for and of the characteristics of individual use hy the human monitor of an automated usage of the system. 69 pp. Bibliog. prelaunch checkout, the system dynamically shows, in network form, the successive and concurrent stages of a complex process. The programs were written in MAP for the RM-5218-PR JOSS: console Design. IBM 7040/7044 cospater system to be used C. L. Baker. February 1967- with the RIND Graphic Input Tablet and a . Describes the development at Rand of a cathode ray tube display screen. The Tab- remote typewriter console for use with let is nsed for on-line construction of the JOSS, Rand's personal on-line computing initial network and for operation of the service, and demonstrates the extreme simulation programs. (A complete program care that must be taken to design an ac- listing is available on request.) 98 pp. ceptable console for personal use by cas- (See alSo RS-4122.) ual users. The input/output version of the familiar IBM Selectric was selected as the central element of the console be- cause of its excellent keyboard feel, its RM-5216-PR JOSS: Doer Scheduling and high-quality output at a speed of 150 Resource Allocation. G. E. Bryan. words per minute, its compact size, and January 1967. its relatively low noise level. Primary A detailed description of the monitor, considerations in the design of a console the supervisory unit that exercises over- to house the typewriter included dimen- all control of tho JOSS system's operation. sions required for operator comfort and The monitor acts as a scheduling, convenience, console mobility, the pro- resource-allocating, and synchronizing de- jected number of required electronic com- vice, deciding priority and ensuring that ponents and their packaging, and the in- all data and hardware necessary for a corporation of the associated switches and particular action are simultaneously avail- indicator lights in a small auxiliary con- able. This semorandus cowers the priority trol boz. Discussion of the physical con- queue structure, the hardware components sole is followed by an overview of the comprising the JOSS environment, and in- logic required tu enable the user and JOSS structions for operations of the JOSS sys- to share the typewriter productively in an tem. 98 pp. interactive conversation. Finally, a de- tailed description of this logical design is given in hardware terms. 125 pp. Ref. Bibliog. RM-5217-Mi JOSS: Accounting and Per- formance Measurement. G. E. Bryan. June 1967. A description of those portions of the RM-5220-PR The JOSS Primer: S. L. monitor, the JOSS system's supervisory Marks, G. V. Armerding. August 1967. unit, that produce accounting recorde Introdacton to JOSS, RAND's time-shared for charging functions and that gathar computing system, for the beginning user performance statistics descriptive of with examples illustrating the system's typical user operation, over-all system basic elements, which can easily be usage, and machine performance. Charges learned without programming experience. for JOSS usage are based on the product of Seated at a mobile console connected to aachine time and core space required plus a computer via telephone lines, the Prim- the product of space and time required for er reader follows the instructions step long-term storage of programs and data on by step, duplicating examples, trying the disc file. Charge units are accumu- variations, and observing results. Re lated during JOSS operation and recorded types commands in imperative English on magnetic tape. The reports produced sentences, instructing JOSS to perform from the tape records record charges and procedures in arithmetic, algebra, trig- other characteristics of individual JOSS onometry, and logic. JOSS responds with sessions and the total usage both by de- answers in user-prescribed formats and partment feather and by project number. with error messages that help the user Much of the code and storage in the JOSS correct errors and resume processing. system is devoted to recording the occur- To extend the beginner's knowledge of 64 JOSS, the Primer concludes with lists responding to instructions; and (4) the of JOSS commands and functions and sug- details and decisions that bilaterally in- gested reading in the JOSS literature. fluenced the language and the design and 44 pp. implementation of the routines. The myr- iad details of total system design are given constant exposure, and particular emphasis is placed on the deliodke balance RM-5257-PR JOSS: Disc File System. and symbiosis that must exist among system, I. D. Greenwald. February 1967. language, computer, and routines and on the Describes the user program and data star-. pervasive effects of each component on the age system of JOSS, Rand's personal, on- others. The material is presented in a line, time-shared computing service, in narrative form, augmented by flow-chart order to provide maintenance personnel representations of most of the principal with program documentation for the cor- routines, and is in part designed to serve rection or modification of file-handling as prolegomena to the annotated machine- routines. The JOSS filing system pro,- language listings of the routines (copies vides the user with a service that will of which are obtainable from RAND). save him from retyping frequently used 190 pp. Bibliog. programs and/or data. It will also sup- ply a limited program-chaining capability. Since this type of service implies low user demand for file action In terms of RR-5288-1-PR Digital Computer simula- total session time, there is little con- tion: The Allocation of Computer Time cern with the time to service such de- in Comparing Simulation Experiments. mands. On the other hand, the amount of G. S. Fishman. October 1967. primary storage occupied by the An improved step-by-step procedure for file-service routines and associated core minimizing the computer time needed to ob- buffers is of considerable conrern. tain a specified statistical precision in 43 pp. Bibliog. the comparison of simulation experiments. The simulations are considered as covari- ance stationary stochastic processes, as explained Xn RM-4393. Nell-known RM-5264-PR Computer Aids for Aerospace time-savint methods for reducing variance Design and Engineering: Innovation, by inducintg positive correlations between Economics, and Public Policy. C. P. the experiments and high negative corre- McLaughlin. July 1967. lations between replications are included A discussion of the applications of com- in the procedure. Results shoi that for puter systems to the weapons systems de- a given level of accuracy, significantly velopment process, with emphasis on the less computer time is required when sample role that the government might play in sizes are determined by the method sug- promoting, supporting, and implementing gested in the study than when they are develcyment of new computer-based systems equal. Also, small differences in the for engineering support in the aerospace antocorrelation functions are important industry. Potential payoffs to the gov- when each process is highly correlated. ernment lie in reduction of design cosi:s, The suggested two-stage procedure pro- improvement of design and product perform- vides initial estimates for determining ance, enhancement of engineering creativ- sample sizes and final estimates for ity and productivity, and reduction of testing hypotheses. Graphical analysis lead time for design, prototype produc- suggests that the efficient allocation tion, and final production. A number of is not very sensitive to small errors in alternatives are open to the government the estimates of population parameters. in increasing the rate of development and 32 pp. Ref. diffusion of computer technology in in- dustry. To determine the level and nature of such support, it is recommended that a study be made) of the specific economic RM-5290-ARPA Dateless Progcamming. benefits that would result. 60 pp. Refs. R. M. Balzer. July 1967. Preliminary specifications and an example program of the Dateless Programming Lan- guage. Based on PL/1 syntax, this high- NM-5270-PR JOSS: Central Processing level computer programming language shares Routines. J. V. Smith. August 1967. many features with APL, some with COBOL, A reference guide for JOSS users to (1) and uses the ',bug',(pointer) of L6. Bas- the language used for couching instruc- ically, the program is a set of specifi- tions to JOSS;(2) JOSS's responses to cations of manipulations to be performed instructions; (3) the collection of ma- on a set of ddta values without regard to chine-language routines (in JOSS's central the details of data representation, ac- computer) responsible for interpreting and cessing, space requirements, etc. These 65 are handled in a separate phase of data minutes and average 4 minutes of computing declaration. All data and function state- time, although 50 percent last less than ments are expressed in one simple, canon- 7 seconds. During an average session, ical form. Changing the data representa- 15,000 JOsS statements are executed, and tion has no effect on the source program; 68,000 arithmetic operations are performed. thus the data representation can be spec- JOSS user requests are substantially dif- ified after the program is written. Fa- ferent from those made on other time-shared cilities are provided for handling arrays, systems: there are a relatively large lists, double lists (with forward and number of requests for short amounts of backward links), rings, double rings, computing and a relatively small number for structures, and structures of other struc- a large amount of computing. The amount tures, such as arrays of lists of struc- of computing, however, is by no means tures. Otheir data representations can be trivial, as seen from the number of state- used by profiding the necessary data ments and arithmetic operations performed. handling algorithms, which may include 45 pp. Refs. Bibliog. calls to external programs written in any language. 52 pp. Ref.
HM-5367-PR JOSS Notebook. G. E. Bryan, E. w. Paxson. August 1967- RM-5322-PR JOSS: Problem Solving for A loose-leaf reference guide for JOSS Engineers. E. P. Gimble. Hay 1967. sophomores, who have had experience at A step-by-step demonstration of the basic a console and are familiar with the in- principles of JOSS operation to enable troductory JOSS literature (RH-5058-PR, engineers to solve progressively more in- BM-5220-PR, RM-5322-PR, BM-5377-PR). In volved problems in numeric calculation. addition to the basic tutorial material Following an overview of the JOSS system, on JOSS language, commands, and functions, including descriptions of the console and practical instructions are given on how language, examples of JOSS input and out- to insert paper and cnange ribbons; type- put demonstrate how the basic commands, writer settings; procedures for contacting both direct and indirect, are applied. JOSS; and actions to take in the event of Direct commands are used to solve prob- console, line, or machine malfunction. lems when only a few answers are required, Twelve annotated sample programs are in- and indirect commands-are used when many cluded, together with an index that com- answers are required, when many variables plements the heavy cross-referencing used are to be set, or when a number of steps throughout the notebook. In contrast to must be performed in a prescribed se- the more technical JOSS publications, quence. Special JOSS techniques allow these notes generally eschew detailed dis- the user to choose between several accept- cussion in favor of informal interpreta- able commands, to minimize function argu- tion and exemplary material. 157 pp. ments, and to direct JOSS to "dress up" Bibliog. output with headings and condensed print- out. A filing system provides long-term storage for programs and data and elimi- nates the need for retyping frequently BH-5377-PR JOSS Language. G. E. Bryan, used material. The appendices include J. W. Smith. August 1967. a list of legitimate JOSS commands, a A JOSS user's portfolio containino three description of the use of expresslons . brief reference summaries of the actions and propositions, and a discussion of the that can be requested of JOSS and of the vallable JOSS functions. 85 pp. language for requesting these actions. es, The summaries are presented in varying formats to suit the user's convenience: a pocket-size book for personal use (Pocket RM-5359-PR JOSS: 20,000 Hours at the Precis, 17 pp.), a larger and more complete Console--A Statistical Summary. G. E. piece for dest-top or console use (Anerce Bryan. August 1967. eel Precis, 23 pp.), and a poster-size sum- Results of the first year of JOSS opera- mary for the bulletin board (Poster Precis, tion on the Digital Equipment Corporation 1 p.). The precis demonstrate that the PDP-6. The gathering of data for revenue language provided for JOSS is terse, unam- accounting and for producing performance biguous, and readable,'stressing familiar measures of the JOSS system and its users English terminology and punctuation and is a major function of the monitor, the with relatively few rules governing correct systemls supervisory utak.. As generated use. The speed and ease of interaction be- by the instrumenting programs, statistics tween JOSS and the user, the simplicity of on usage indicate that over 700 individuals the language, the use of familiar decimal make use of JOSS service. Every month 40) arithmetic, and JOSSIs precise error and different users generate over 200 sessions status reporting combine to allol most each day. Typical user sessions last 45 problems to be solved by an understanding .D0/lb 66 of the problem at hand and a list of JOSS RM-5437-PR JOSS: Assembly Listing of commands and functions. the Surpervisor. G. E. Bryan. August 1967. A presentation of the code for the monitor (supervisor) unit of JOSS. RAND's on-line, RM-5424-PR A Survey of Soviet Work in time-shared computer system. This unit, the Theory of Computer Programming. 'which acts as a scheduling, resource-al- R. A. DiPaola. October 1967- locating, and-synchronizing device, exer- A critical survey of Soviet efforts to cises overall control of the system's develop a mathematical theory of computer operation. It ensures that all data and programming and automatic programming hardware necessary for a particular ac- methods (PP or programming programs). tion are simultaneously available, and The study traces the development of the meters the operation of the system to "operator" theory of A. A. Lyapunov and provide revenue accounting information and his associates from its starting point in data describing system performance and program schemes designed to represent user operations. 193 pp. Bibliog. specific problem-solving algorithms to its algebraic formulation in terms of the theory of categories. Other authors have attempted to adapt graph theory and the RM-5495-PR/RC The Problem of Privacy theory of algorithms to the construction in the Computer Age: An Annotated of better programming languages. In con- Bibliography. A. Harrison. December trast to FORTRAN, the practical result of 1967- PP has been to raise, rather than lower, A selected, annotated bibliography of more the level of technical knowledge required than 300 publications pertaining to all as- for programming. Current Soviet research pects of the problem of privacy in the com- is directed toward adaptation and exten- puter age. A few publications, though not sion of ALGOL 60 rather than further directly relevant, are included because theoretical work. Some of the Russian they describe systems with obvious implica- work, however, may be of practical rele- tions for privacy (e.g., computer vance, particularly Glebov's synthesis of time-sharing systems, computer utili- operators from measurably simpler ones. ties). Most of the entries are for the 144 pp. Refs. years 1965-1967, but some earlier items of lasting importance are also listed. The memorandum is divided into three parts: (1) an essay overview of the problem of RM-5428-PR Answering Questions by privacy and the coinputer; (2) the bibliog- Computer: A Logical Study. J. L. raphy, in which the annotated entries are Kuhns. December 1967. listed alphabetically by author or (if A study of the processing of questions anonymous) by title: and (3)an index of input to a computerized question-answering all entries alphabetically listed under system such as the Rand Relational Data one or more of 14 subject categories File (see RM-5085). The process consists (e.g., Data Banks, Legal and Law Enforce- of (1) transforming the natural-language ment View of Privacy). If a publica- question into a symbolic question (i.e., tion has not been reviewed, it is in- a certain formula of predicate calculus) cluded but not annotated. In soma entries and (2) generating the answer by calculat- (particularly newspaper articles) derived ing the value set of the resulting formula. from clippings, certain facts of publica- This study is addressed to the second step. tion are lacking. Since most discussions A key problem is the identification of pertaining to the right of privacy refer "resonable" input queries. These are to the Bill of Rights, an appendix pro- characterized by introducing the concept vides the ful/ text of Amendments I-X of of definite formula. A particular class the Constituti-m.. 134 pp. of definite formulas--the proper formulas --is especially suitable for machine pro- cessing. A set of machine-recognizable sufficient conditions for their identifi- RM-5495/1-PR/RC The Problem of Privacy cation is given, together with rules for in the Computer Age: An Annotated Bib- calculating their value sets. The defi- liography, Vol. 2. A. Harrison. De- nite, but improper, formulas are also cember 1969. studied. It is shown that definite for- A listing with abstracts of more than 300 mulas without quantifiers can be trans- items pertaining to all aspects of compu- formed into proper equivalents. For def- ter security and privacy published mostly inite formulas with quantifiers, limited in the years 1967-1969. The overall intrm but useful results are obtained. 137 pp. duction is reprinted from the first volume, Ref. and there is also an overview of the situa- tion reflected in the second volume. The problem is attracting an ever-growing **0000*, *4 *1145444m* 404014 4444* 4444,=,4+4.0 44,44 ip*,-4.444141 4.04 414044404 obiF*4 Vitib 4'11414440041,*4.11144 401.414*04s0 t*VV401.* AT 044= 4ttfo344 *soul* *t *40.4***. T**, slake **4 14,1P5441,44** ***** 444I*I***4* *I* -*** #4*10104* cm 43**** 4* *o7r***I*40 4* 4******I* f 444*. 4** *44*44..,T04104 *414 0111 114**1*, *t *41,04 tike tt141f4 444**44*. 4,W4441444+0;t *044**I*. 1144 17410414** .4.4441041600 1444= 0,444044.0144, 44* 044E004 44 04401404 448014044*. 644104444 tri014.1*st.1406
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040***414** iS two tatesetww, tou toe *maw 41144404 01S00414 . 4 Of la* 491410S4,44444 /era ametholve sew, *woe *Woos ** em7.174 *to latuapsilmI 14.1414.1, by tee psoltas towaser sallsyvves i406**m*Oots*Soll COSMIS iS coarotties Of LW ea*, IS Soir. iuIØiC444001441045, 00411 440.14$1403* C4011.11441 epostosees wessaisto soialt.of tee pie- *oe Psi.si. vi1 pt. $01141 gees 5e1514014. with esteesive &stores& weesoststy. attortioss ere appeadoe for wales the pregras sub tbe atoodord 10* ~SW oporettsg $pstee owl MO COT 40.06%111 4014 ieseimated awephisse 41,0041 wilt. 146 pp. Owes. View else epOtos tow 46e 100 4. 46 Ocoee* 414-$014-41111.1 C. 4. 11441. Of14004 11064. $ pregteassowe woos, Taw t$4. tles Rosa 1141151414100 ow/weer avapOie settesio, es lawispoosasse oo vbio ISM tit* gsapkte bare- 011$$$1-1011 lovlot Cyliwireetias lice- worov Oltegreseee PS POOTOWS le eitb eye, moge4// 11. Se00444044e* 04044441-P44- tol teMilite few seemoomtel aiegie pot., eipb-Prodectivity Cospeter etoreelow eiseartly. 146 ha eamdshow.imew trotess--4 lhaviams. I. earsasias. peaeoee *ad eattobio tam 0,01 loogeopeo &prig 14014. ammopttxto 141 4. 1O4 460. iecisOial 6 retie* see evaisattes of tbe first Teo 14s4 woe swig otett et *top Who MO Soviet book **tiredly esrectoC. to probtees 604 robe et mite Mao it. The mow COW. et kitabrodeativity reepatieg systeos. ISSAS iSt* systole tbiweib tbe 21$00sms- petaisbee is tato 1166, the boob reports * typesetitet. 1404 pee, oc teettios op stedies oweected at the festiteto of , WI mrht44,4 ow its eithssatica La 4&wahibitat. Ziscis lb* Tablet, if howlesioe4 oft tessabisg Soviet 'erste* of satiosal scow/sic plias- latow..esstiesse mossitivo gross w tb tbe stet magsires a volese of cwordimatod, thrbe pos sr Tablet 04110** Osly relatively stapler osloslatioss, amd Soviet *tower e4 *storm, eeee to beepos= gospeler tochmotogy does mot egoist tbat of 140 oetosatisality previews *Keel% wale's tbe loot. tbo settees, Z. W. Ivreimov amd few seacamMor sise. specie', Use speciosa, Is O. tossrovo have eosgbt a way to is- 644 otbew forest sletahls. 144 amoopts crease cespstor prodectivity wittiest ller awatdisaMoss twassiatom tbes iota ereetty isareasiag tocksological desasda. tastier seats. ft aelosatically goscales Mete gaieties is peralielisss tbe com- gtapkical data to tit available space, plies of 1000 despoters, wick capable of osevoTts gospileal to asserical &Ma, sillies operatioss pot socesd, so tbat otos Goo seereetiso dregs as estire graph ail work togetber ou the sage program at to fit gives date. filth stogie cell. Tbe tile sows time. lowevor, tbo &stigma balm OM hostedoss es aipbabotica4 lods, a sot secoesded La establishing a sew op- weasswveloweows 46444 of asbreetiso cells, proacb based os parallelism Chat will lai a 44sl4,by type, as wen as a de- solve tbe probless of iscreased produc- teiloe iloscripti,4 of wick. 175 p,. Ref. tivity, sec have tbey made a cosviscise 1441 case for tbeir basic assumptious. The proposed Usti., of 1000 breech computers to amblers the desired reusing speed is not feasible, &or is tbe use of homogene- 04.$$$e-agell Meat-Tiee tocogsitios of ous computimg media to develop tbe micro- Masepr4*1 s4 Touts Program Doessesta- structure of a system. eethods of con- ties. 0. T. Oromos. Say 1964. trolliag aid mositocing parallel algo- aoreeostatios of aa liz/360 amenably law- rithas are not considered. altbough all image proves for os-iise graphical-tarot tkooretical conalusioss were supposedly ebaractor recogeitios emirg tbo OM Tab- verified on the experimental einsk-222 let. Tbo proves in writtea 4S a revs- system, the actual results ace not dors- cla c.0 aortted sea IS*Ve le 0.0 *lost Pomovirtioe tail ittE*11. I4*** tylkivOiL t 004 *Olt *40 et ISO Amattetisee peeteceite. CoOp040(et t*Cbtotlikvif t* *****4.6 too rt. Atice Itebeleted 0***Ite4*, *** #4.16414014
te.01411,L1.40/4 BPA*01--a Paree-Seleom Sew$1061=PS 140114m-0610 Pfett**016# 14******. belie*, 5. J. ?evert. approval to Seeotelial ell% &Malted leotoetot 11169. Pleamoreact. a. a. S. Pratsber, L. J. SoomeAptios. wittiest Ilseleg. et aPtOtt, Setterit. Jeseary V9686 tlesible Stab.-leeel peasterieseiteee revemese liseter prouraesisq tereclatiee cosmos to net Chet ha* bees *set is a et egthedellog pueblos§ that As este vette- treaelater ter eetales* Progreesise gale es4 eltietest thee 416/ other %saws LP tellot)et), a peeestot *rotas est teectiem tweet/Atte*. It tit tbe taco* toutWeetles sumo systao, mod ea ee-lime teem& perm. deolgeed to oevegtoulate ealvApieroseereo ove. terse requests are stated is a Cee*t#6411116 begoesos Memeelatise CAs Or* IIRP-IAte tomtit with special seesseclaq *sleeted to do es, bet Ms a easple roles. Os seccesstel egmogeties, as as- parttime. It regeisod 72 iwtalartis 4,111 US vocuated pieve fee pLe: cede Ls asersted. celtOttal*Ls tee a 1-project, 0-jell, 2-ve- seise 46 dots the smeosset or taller. et tee seem. prelates caseated site 22 tractable. eiteasative placate's, cod as striage the *ad *9 comstraists tor the see teasel.- eleseetset the parse at all lee- tie*. Tee see lotted also shoved 01180440= 0116 &PAUL iseledes parse-tise magmatic Iasi isproveseet whom compared with sabot- checks ead twilit/es tor esitiple ges based es tee ceases dAmpatchiag roles; ispeteetpet stress*, The ialtuti torte- firet-cose-tiest-eerve4 sod sorilest- sestet's. es the ISO 260 cosprises (1) coepietios-date. toecettos tie* oe Seeds* prepeocessoc that coineets &PAUL peogeass Alio -Moe sets, the Outtlriee cosputet late legal Ma propia..., dead (2) the code (see KO-4703). woe A 1100001.6 raa-time parser, which is mattes is es- Other objective feactioes are formulated outlay laageage. Mtn.providesthe pat- Am the study *ad additigmal cosstreiste teze-aatchlag capability soesaily totted are modeled. Staarlee et larger problems oily I. spealei-peepome lasgmages tomb an rewritten' for staadard LP cespeter codes 5001014 eat 180. 38 pp. pos) showed that the slumber of veriables cod aveatraists iuvolved are probably withim no eoce them ose otter-et-saugaitede of the agguiswe umber that ooeid be beetled with 810-5610-P8 DISPLAY-4 Outdo to the availabie vero-ose computer codes. 59 pp. TUCK FORTRAN Debeggiag Systee. D. C. Pets. Sacileilage. lay 1968. g guide and sagging *sample et TSLCK, a FORTRAN progeas desigmed by Siebert L. Mercer of Kirtlaad Air Force BSA. to aid N M-5587-PR Soviet Cybernetics Techsol- is the debuggiag et other FORMS pro- ogy: I. Bibliogeaphy of Literature grams. TRACK follows ail, or selected Cited Lb 1964 Issues of the Jeanie% ag parts, of the euteutie* of a program step abstraets--Cybernetice. Rdited by by step and copies the result of each step N. B. Nollaaa. February 1968. oato ea outpet rite tape (TAFEQ). The A listimg, by author, of all the publics - tape retains the ortgisal program same and time of Soviet origin, or published in may be compiled aad executed as say other the Soviet Onion, that ODCO abstracted ia FORTRAN program. TRACS employs catesded the 1964 issues of the OSA= FORTRAP laaguage as used in the Eml--ribereetikq, asoultflIgiftittet: Control Date 6000 series computer systems. of the All-Union Institute of Scientific The guide is in the form of am internally and Tecinical Inforeatioa under the Aced- documeated program, EaspuT, for imput to esy of Sciences of the 1233R. (The ab- TRACK. The Memorandum conaists alsost stracts ace not includee.) The coverage entirely of a punched-card listing and reflects the xtroscli broad meaning of executive output: (1) a source dock "'cybernetics', in Russimuci.--At.is applied listing of the ;IMLAY program; (2) the to sathenatical and conputationnal tech- e xecution output of the tracked program niques and to all forms of,infornation, DISPLAY;(3) a source duck listing of the communication, and control, including pro- TRACK program output.The study consti- grammed instruotion and neurophysiology. tutes part of a continuing offort to en- Works in, seven languages arc included. large upon a source library of programs All entries have been translated into coded entirely in FORTRAN and &reigned for English. A complete citation is given FORTRAN diagnostic and service use. under each author of a joint work. a 43 pp. list of 55 soviet publishing houses and 185 titles of journals were extracted from the citations. A bibliography of Rand *01-..Wty*-t* 1440 111;1,4f .4 4,0 ;!risiiiigt. TtAo totoototot 4t5v6iii!* t. J. 4tvoioPot***. -ooloNot ttolloo tot 111o0 410401 H. tt441111 * loogliptiot *4 4*0 OF*Plopt *** it**It-.4#4mirt4,0; 44,1110. 4. lal. 44***, Of 444# ****-tolis sito****( fool omot, wait*. 4.41. *v*** *. *ot000. Joimott orstfool *to tit** lototo ot 1,wrilotet 444*. tbloWittg. to W%44 ***4 401wi4o4 to * 4*140 fOt p4ibitoO0otO Wootitt to 04 Ito 0410#411,0i, hik VW. 4,4*#"10 of Witir ot **teed t4lt a* ierleseetot tot Joik* *oft ansaaat 1444 **1** Jo***11147 woO 10L,C *060. 141 coo*ot* 1641 tot *Mot 000011$ to elowt0 ftOo *1* wito4 iptowtoo.. ektoo*, ot(10 otage then nes emula- 011o$ tO ato4,4 ptost000iol. owe putt) tor feet* tor mew with MS. Ditect(ese free lbo isc* of ositable c0000teiol *4, are glove fer ceerortieg Aemligsel cliot- Catena. la dosage, JOWiel&C oWs a rtisto.. OCtot isle ILO wootoeOtelliki resstmesta- 4.00..OLOWO Oetaki**4 it Owe**. Opotottwo LAOIS, 'laic* the spates eat) coevert isto tO Old..11111,0 esa allthow0 ceasoicial data ...acts tint say by etered is a rt0..., ciliates% gradially astoteolted Ile rasa. of gra* ;411w5tt or laeded wltb as istividwal JOIOISINC's capabitities. it had bigh te- 102 gob. The vectoc-atc&sa character* liability Aisd via seed watt warty 1964, aceestiestrietTol mato WOO. 011oW0, et *bee it wee retired to the Loa Nagel** otiOOLOtio0.ICS pectoris* ter Uwe. vec- Ceesty Seaves. $esitla seseress contri- tor caasactere all the tuartioss tbe *042 listless to the preareseilla act. Miele- perforate for its cluescrsom sot--display, sesta detivisg free JCIOSSI&C ace the cilairecVot ap.clsg. tie. apaciag, tabbing. Tablet *ea JOSS. &prowled *co a Owooteem margthatios, and aeteeatic adjusteest to des tree Jobs Oilliaes, tales hied of Mama'. accoessAate chamaew Special debeglis0 sathenatics depactseet, erglieg (eteetioe of coutises are provided to toot whetser JOGISIAC despite tbe reported saperiority a feet looks and porters* aa intruded. of the mew ISS 7011 asd tte defieitive Tao eeseresdes iaciedee a Witte, of the oftelisisary Discussion of the logical De- seats eels; the 2STAZZ call asd meta- siqa of am tiectromic Ceepetiel Lieges/a stringLssed to ;Kalov* eaca of sent,0 by Utilise Decks, Detwas Ocildstise. the ICS capabilities; a crows-refereace asd Jobs woO Oweetios. 1*) pp. (CO) List of the selicoutiaes that call each caber; core storage regelresents; end directions for see with PL/I progress, as well as a descriptios of each iedivideal 8124440-Pit The Integrated Graphics system sehrostiee. The graphics *eh- Systes tor the S-C 4060s I. Omar's restines are described is 22-6460, wbich Manual. 0. D. grown, C. I. Mesh, 2. A. &Lao describes the S-C 4040 ead the rola- Bermes. December l962. tioaship between ICS aad the S-C 4040. descriptios of the S-C 4040 version of 108 pp. Sofa. Mg Sand's Iategrated Graphics System (103), a sechiee- device-imdepeadeat soft*acia package. The 3-C 4060 stored-program graph- Leal recording cyst.. consists of a Beall 85-2689-112 Progressing by question- special-purpose coeputer, celled the Product salt.: Assillary Programs. P. L. Coetrol Cult (PC9); a high-precision cath- Love, P. N. Oldtather. &squat 1968. ode ray tab* (CST); a camera; a film devel- Descriptioe end listing of tire small oper; a hardeopy unit. 103 is programmed SIIISCRIPT *ad POSTSAE progress to coe- in FORTRAN with special. facilities for plot.* the docuneststios of Progressimg by manipulatiag a single character Lb any po- Ouestiounaire, a technique for redscing * Won. ICS caa be called by progress la the time and coot of preparing large com- FORTRAN, 1014i, owl SIOSCRIPT, as well as puter progress. Three housekeeping pro- machine language. Op commend, it draws grams, CSKODT, LOCATI, &ad KOSCT, serve lines and circles, plots poiuLs, coapozes to check, correct, mud maiatain the pro- test and tables with headings, end creates gres generator deck. The CRICOOT program linear or nonlinear graphs.One suhrou- cheeks the deck for logical consistency tine draws an entire graph to fit gives and provides other informitios essential data, with a single call. Only parameters for correcting and maistainiag it. The of interest need to specified; ICS auto- LOCATE program finds specified cards matically provides default values for within the deck, which An very large. character size, spacing, line spacing, The MKT program makes corrections to and otter format details. ICS accepts the Wk and checks to see that it is in user coordinates awl translates then into ordoe. The JOIST aced MST programs internal units. It automatically rescales analyse the results of a JSSPO simulator. graphical data to fit available space, and JOIST provides a complete history of the converts graphical to numerical data. jobs in the simulated job shop, and 118 pp. Pet. (ne) MST provides a history of the re- sources. 83 pp. (See also 28-5162.) 70 ***61470=1010 A t4000tat-t4 iwas, 41.41.0*, ratk St01.011,1 11 PtOftile- Otspley tot agOtlal 0almorsist tealpits. ale, Leeseavto: 4** lid lopiesootstioiii. *. lets, *4 r& Pototeies. OiLforsof 1644. P. J. elitist, I. A. *setter, 4. . A ifeasttipties et as 00=Ilaw *toes, *. tilL0fr*s*e. Jill 1*64. 00100000ple itoplap State* tot citee-idt- A trispploareet to the soot** sacral (01-444011, eeeitielaiti 01004,11041#00 et ttaserterios eeeittosdes deitattheo ohe ispleleaste- et seiteseetist attrist0. Tao *fats& la lase et MISVCOIPT ft es eas44441 160/65 cow- aosetrected hy egetppisa as SO* 2260 lie- stator. The error cedes Loosed dsna roe- ploy *sit wits a atetee-wilowieg ptlatiee ao4 Ceti*, osealvties are listed mid 010f tho f60/** compete( to mad their melees espleised. The first geserate stereo OM% of the &totted tea= *mattes of this meal aestatessotitacs- )eatecies" tiros peschaard iota *Lewin e, tioss to 0-460 asd aos eel,' he used is e. coerdisatoo t the oitatett at spec- aonsmaties with its it ideatifies the Mei potato is tiom. A aisplay eepoatty statesesto that ace sot rept tepleemeted. of 100 point* say he diviCiii betwees AA Otber ssatieso give the roles mod deck easy 4.0 thee. **potato trelerteries. sy setup felt aoepilaties, assembly, mild ex- presets, hatless or typirg is sow pares... 'cotton ways to dohs* additiosal data eters, the 0A0C cas (1) eider glees hos *etas cmi lteq asseehler Lasguage rostasen frost, root lett. right, above, *Led beton Storage alleastios &wisp eseastion cos- (23 rotate the display es Coalition (J) noon ies sesher gesmraties asd statistical is or est to salsify ea cease* the Meagan fusatiosas asi &treaties* for isstelliag (o) goserate treleateries dysosically the compiler, iscimilimg a listing l JCL rom& tises C4 abase, day paresetier amd that can he seed to load the library, cos- observe the effect; (6) use the COOTIALL pilaw, mid 411000bly imterface sod to peach sod, of selective plottiug co avoid elf the SISSCOler II mecum, dietribated coal-tie* fliaher, or aosteales whom slimy procedures, asd saspLe prelim. 52 pp. Foists have bees plotted; (7) order hard- (Ree also 110-3776.) gem Copy tapes for R-C 4060 execeties yteLding lS es film-strip avid Xerox prists-gemeria itiforeatioe, each as elapsed tiee sad admit range. La displayed amd sedated costimem 15- 3026-102 P000: Prograsser-Oriested Otaire se Fp. Pet. (MI) Graphics Operettas. 111. W. gosh., W. R. Laub, S. Mobley, J. 2. Richer. Jane 1,640. descripties al POGO, a folly opecatiems/ OS-5772-AM% 1101DA85--Rxtesdable Debeg- spates for easy istersativ* cospeter gisq Amid Sesitoriag spates. R. R. graphics prograssimg. POGO is eel& waited Ratter. April 16640. to the iaterplay of coeputetiosia program" A 4e0cr4ptioe of em ow-iime pirates vith aiphoesseria end carve tope* mud atm- desigsed to facilitate experisestatios play, thesgh sot to highly dysamia Later- with mew debugging and soultorimg aids for ploy with geosetyLa masipsiatiess. The higher-level computer langsages. Instead P OGO system 'salads.: (1) 0 design Pc0- of the *seal sanipulation of the source gram toe cosposieg aostrol displays at the progran white it cuss, the WWII system graphics rem:sole amd imtiortaalsg them to const,..-tts a model of the prograu struc- a FORTRAN program. (2) A progran to trace tare and a history tape of its operatics curves vie the RASO Tabled into speaitied containing ail the control flow mei vari- PORTSall arrays. (3) A program to output able-alternation informatios. atter which curves from specified POSTstAll arrays oat° no further interactios with the source the 2250 display acmes. Developuest re- prograu is required. The model servos to quired one mita-year with 100 cossole-hours. associate each value in the history with Once the user han denigned his control the source statesent that produced it. pages by semis of the Rano Tablet, he nen Together with the yodel and symbol table, press a button to punch out a set of cards t%e history tape in rain and observed by that will recreate the display at any the user at a CRT torninal. The user con- time. Although the design program mod the trols the execution speed and can rum the curve-tracing program require the eASI) program history forward or backward (for Tablet, the Test of the POGO pages (in- flowback analysis). Re can stop at any cluding those aosposed with the design moment and switch from ono RIOARS debug- program) will run on a configuration having ging/monitoring aid to another. =DANS only a light pen and keyboard input. A :has designed for flexibility and experi- glossary of computer graphics terninology mentation rather than efficiency; however. is appended. 44 pp. Ref. (RV) use of the nodel to interpret the history, rather than having the history be self interpretable, saves about half the input/ output. 14 pr. Pots. tnwl 51-5883-PR Digital CosputerSisule- tion: Computer Programming Languagen. P. J. Kiviat. January 1969. A 416041*Alos ot sieelatioe lamgeages, OR-3111-TO toeTRio Pfolt4Osetlo5 !het, th4teCtiethett44, the teen044 tat latco4ectioa to 21SICelP7 ft. R. 4. *gaol thee, ead their wilvvetages sod 410- Shetiate Retch 1969. etaventalea totally. to othec kinds ot pro- This stiedy is intimated to iatcodece the eteemieg lesiwages. Itteelatiam 14144441*5 TOMAS ptogtesset to **se of the Date are *Moos to oboist s the 4**44to of coecepts *ad teateres ot the titst three sieulaties odels thimega ',sett ,i'vot14 level* of SIRECOIPT it--the Move's which viev,40 to expedite copputet pro:pi:cowries coestitete ea aliebraic coppiler. Rapha- throeffh their special purpose, high-level el* is on the peeve' mod flexibility that leteseste, od to escovrage peeper oodel stsscritrr glee* the prograsser. Amos, aselyats threelh their date collectios, the distiective teeturett ate (1) the eselysis, mud reportiog features.Ten SleSCRIPT preamble: (2) the pooemble particelarly importest siselatios pro- stateeeets, seek as 1101MtAl11, DtPIOR, geessiag lasgesge Mestere* ere idesti- Ottfsg TO OUP: (2) the fact that asp fled: sedelieg 4 system's static stet*, uenber of coaditioaal expreseioss eau be andel**, erste. &puppies, statistical xecuted it a logical cosditios is set: seepiisg, data collectios, aselysis aid te) the ability to reread the same cocotte display. Posttests, tied debeggiag, mei= in differest forsets. Saute MIMS, tiatiltatioe sod ittegeage usability. ex- SIIISCIXPT passes argesost values rather espies ed each of the toot simulatiott lea- thas crispest locatioss between subpro- ,sages. arss, SlOSCOIPT XX, SIMLA, and grass. The method of coestructing scraps COL, are *se& to illustrate how these fee- is radically differest.The SIRSCRIPT tares are loplesested la diftoreat an- programmer can cosserve core storage, gsaqss. The fetere development of simele- comstrect ragged %abler, imitate tree time progressial lasiseges Ls depeedent oe strecteres, amid do list processMng with advasses is the fields et computer lam- relative ease, aud his progress can be googols, coepeter graphics, end time star- read rather than deciphered. 33 pp. (OW) isg. Dose =wrest reseerch is meted, and o*tstaading research areas are idestified. 110 pp. sot. (as) 15-34117-Pit Oelatiosal Date Tile: Re - perisece with a Systen for Proposi- tional Data Storage and Inforemce Rx- RD-3923-ain Am Isteractive Graphics locution. R. R. levies. April 1969. Program for Stedyteg Models of Risetic Anoverview of the prototype Oelatiostal Chesical System'. G. T. Grower, It. A. Data Tile, a conputer data bask distis - Decease O. O. Oeirechteldt. Jam 1969. washed by the storage of data ia a se- This isterective cospeter graphics system ries or separate Platoon* of ose binary permits biologists to steal, soaels ad ki- relational seeteace each, aa4 the abilLty &wile climatical nyntees end cosputer sates- to retrieve data sot explicitly stored iists I. lovestigate interactive modeling. that can be inferred from stored data. The program rens oil am XOR 360/110 computer The prototype ROT' coateins 70,000 sen- and is istemded to provide a convenieut tences extracted from sciestifle and tech- 404411 of (1) describisg a model via chemi- nical source item:. Each sestesae Ls cal egoatioss; (2) observing the behavior encoded le four 36-bit computer words, of a model during simulative; (3) editing with symosyns astosatically translated to output formats and modifylag the model. standard fors amd asbigaities flagged for The seer cosessicates vith the cospeter mensal correction. Dew estries is the via the BAWD Tablet used is conjusetion sysonyoy/ashigeity dictionary update all with a 2230/hod. I CST display device. stored data. Rack accepted mestesce is Tile program has neveral desirable fea- guadreplicated and stored is four sub- tures: (1) It simulates multiphase chest- titles by each of the key elesests. A col syntess having both fast amd slew string dictionary decodes emtriem for out- reactions. (2) The eons may ester camel- put. A. special retrieval lawless*, cal eguetious by pristing then, as on a XITEORX, allows retrieval throegh any piece of paper, and the program displays isferesce scheme that can be expressed Au its interpretation as a check. (3) The the predicate calcelas aod set theory. neer can interwove. is the simulation at The ROT structure seems well suited for asy time, exasias any reactant plotted on very large data bases where sou types of any linear scale agaient any other reac- data are continually being added amd tant or time, reseal', curves, or delete other types removed and where data are then. (a) A comet capability permits incomplete (as inrapidly charging fields), backtrack for correction or to return a redusdant, or unpredictable. 36 pp. Ref. graph to a previous state. 62 pp. (RO) (AW)
72 12 NOWS99,-AOPA The GRAIt Peoject: As DeLemtimat R. A. Adtel'Aii0W. The Acad- faperleest is Rakk-eachiee COMOftsiCi.. emy of Sciesces has treaslated into Nan- tioes. T. O. Ellie. J. P. 'Weiser, stem the lateet editios of the sanwal V. t. Sibley. September 1969. for the norwegias simulation lasgmage. As tete:active software-hardware coupe- SIROLA. 73 pp. (Re) tee-graphics system has bees developed is which tbe displayed costests of a cathode cal tube (CRT) cam be sesipulated directly asisg a RAND Tablet aed styles.The SR-6000/2-P1 Soviet Cyberaetics: desigs goals for this systee wore (1) to Secant News Items, Vol. 3, No. 2. provide eas-machime coemealcatios umiag 'Nacos by D. McDosald, N. S. Selland. oaly the CPT display asd real-tise Later- February 1969. protatios of styles 'Reties,(2) to nisi-- This issue features a brochure for the size esbigeoms remposses and sake the air, a smell computer for scientific and operatic& apperest, (3) to make the sys- engineerisg calculatioss that accepts tee reapossive with simisal distraction alphameric and mathenaticel symbol input &ad delay, asd (4) to make the system via oa-liose typewriter. A cospeter Logic coopete as a problee-solviag aid. Com- that can handle aataral-langsage faput puter progressing vie flowcharts eas without a translator is described is an chosen to desonstrate the technics's. article by elsabkov. t vestal bureau for System respoases ea the CUT include lo- equips:kat seeded eel' besperarily by oci- catios of the virtual positioa of the estific amd edscatio..ai iastitstioss is stylus, Lek track represeatiag its se- discussed la a short article. Three arti- ttee oe tbo tablet, changes is display cles and five short itess are cosceraed istessity, pictorial sodificatios, &ad with medical cybersetics, particularly english-langeaso tatesemts. The leper- space sedicise. Reports by four high of- taut remelt of this investigation is the ficials on automation asd instrnmestatios, demonstration of feasibility of sech as extracted from Supreme Soviet discussions approach. This is the first pact of a ot tho 1969 econosic plan, rer4ect final report on GRAIL. 26 pp. Ref. greeter coecers this year with automation (See aLso 15-6001, 10-6002.) (RT) and instrument comstroction. This is due to R. X. Redseves Miaistry of Instrusent Comstruction, Saabs of Automatics, and Control Systems, which is mote oriested Rs-6000/1-PR Soviet Cybernetics: toward isstrosentatioa and office equip- Recent News Items, Vol. 3, No. 1. meat them toward computers amd large lags- Rdited by D. McDonald, V. S. Rollamd. tens. Anoeg other itess are those on the Janita=y :969. *nit of ceepetere ie Ohraislem ferrous 7he January 1969 SC:RNI, tho first issue setallurgyi past and future comforences tK; appear in the RS series, features an OD iDde.striii psychology, progressed is- article by Slant Factory director V. structioa, and automata and artificial Goledbotg suggesting that Soviet computer intelligence: and scientific otgamixation pc:wit:cern be made vesponsible for the of Labor in Latvia. Articles es hardware lstroduction, installation, servicing, include the Polish ORTS-10 computer: a ine basic software of their products (at new 1011-450 computer for procossing net- pcosent, syntems are often shipped umase work diagrams without programming; the enabled). Another article diecusses re- Moscow autosatic traffIc coetrol system: guitements for high-level compiler law- and five papertape readers. 112 pp. (104 guages tor engineering problems. Al- though 60 new journals have been added since 1966 ead older ones enlarged, the backlog of uswublished results grown and RR-6000/3-FR Soviet Cybernetics; lead time atter subminsios averages 16 Recent News Items, Vol. 3, No. 3. soothe. Academy natural-science journals edited by D. McDoseld, N. V. Holland. will give at least ono-fourth of their larch 1969. space to brief communications and annota- This issue features an article on small tions of reports that are mot printed computers and a progress teport on the but deposited tor regoont copying; in- State Network of Computing Centers. Two stitutes are urged to give authors edi- articles, Gee popular end ose technical, toriai help and to distribute reprints. describe the planned Sirena-1 system for Also included; specifications for proc- airline reservations. The system differs ess control computers that are not wet from Nesters systems in two respects: by present Soviet equipment; a cutaway (1) It does not apply to all of Aeroflot's view of the Soyuz-3 spacecraft; Georgian ticket wales and reservations, but only research on voice recognition; ACS0Didin to the Roscow airport, with sone tie-ins development of pneumonic (airjet) con- to other major airports for return flights trols; demographic forecasting in the to Roscow. (2) It provides automated Ukraine; biographical sketch of radio printing for individual pansenger tickets. gm. 41%0- 71 A description of the computer science cur- Llocta the thinking of Soviet loaders in ricular and nurport activities af Roscoe conputing about the USSR's needs, partic- State Usivernity Is provided by an arti- ularly relative to the importance of cle on the University Conputer Center. disc utorage units. Hardware discussed Other items of interest include (1) a includes the ante, and Ramis, the 11-S4, biography of Academician, Engineer-Admiral and some East Germs* machines. Other ar- Akael I. Berg, on the occasion of his ticles describe cosputer-assisted and 75th birthday; (2) a critique on how cosputer-managed instruction in electri- scientists spend their working hours; cal engineering; autonation of a heavy (3) am article on the Lvov Information sachine plant; cosferences oo industrial Costrol System (desigued by Clushkov for and general psythology and on nathemati- the Lvov TT Factory), which the Ukranian cal methods in geology and hydrogeology; Acadesy of Sciences has ordered to be research at Science City and Kiev; and geaeralized tor use La a wide range of development of the State Network of com- factories engaged in sass prodectLon of puting Centers. 135 pp. (RV) a limited variety of products. 69 pp. (Be)
1111-600016-PR Soviet Cybersetics Review, Vol. 3, No. 6. Edited by W. B. Holland. 211-6000,14-PR Soviet Cybernetics; JGRO 1769. Recest News Items, Vol. 3, No. 4. The Jose issue initiates a new title for Edited by D. BcDoseld, V. S. Holland. the former soviet Cvberneticgi April 1969. Bela Item*.One article gives the first The April inane features am extruded dee. concrete evidence of a new direction in scription of the BESN-6 hardware, soft- Soviet cosputers toward third-geseration ware, asd limt of instructions; the com- machines that are prograsp-compatible with puter does mot appear well suited to the the IBS System 360; the B-1000, -2000, n ultiprograsming for which it was de- and -3000 are the first being developed. signed. Soviet game theory is described Other hardware discussed are the Oral-14, es similar is level to that of the gaited Razdam-3, BESU-4, Ruta-110, Hinsk-22, -23, States, but is ot different coetest. It and -32 computers and the Robotrom-300 has bees applied successfully to control high-speed data processing coupler. One and productivity (often as a game agniust article coacludes that a multimachine N ature, 4115 in catching fish or planniag operating node promises more efficiency transmission lises). In view of the than does multiprogransing. Several shortage and inferiority of Soviet coe- articles stress the importance of fitting pater*, a political economy faculty call: cospeters for national ecemosic planning far hardware, software, and services sis- and automated control systems. In an liar to those of the capiteliet states article on modeling artificial intelli- --if necessary, by licensing foreign pat- gence, the leading Soviet researcher on e sts. Otber articles give criteria tor sedical cybernetics points out that the installing automatic control systems; creatioa of large-scale intelligence is defend the usefulness of mathenatical only a setter of time. However, salons optimisation ethods; recommend forecast- it is not an automaton bat a personality, ing of techuical developmests through the with a program of conscionemess and imagi- study of patents; report work on noscryam. nativesess, intelligence like man's cannot talline semiconductors used as vidicons; be approximated. 125 pp. (CD) and describe medical applications of cos, paters. 14S pp. (Be)
15-6000/7-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, So. 7. Edited by V. B. Holland. RH-6000"-PR Soviet Cybernetics: July 1969. Recent News Items, vol. 3, Vo. S. This special issue is devoted to program- Edited by D. McDonald, N. B. Holland. ming and programming languages. A revo- Pay 1969. lution conparable to the FORTRAN II era The Bay issue features au article om auto is U.S. computing has been taking place mated management information systems is in Soviet software, particularly in the which it is clearly indicated that the development of algoritisic languages and Soviet labor force is feeling the effects translators. While ALGOL remains the of automation. Three articles oe fore- basis of Soviet progranniag languages, casting show that prognostics is begin- interest is growing in FORTRAN, COBOL, ning to take hold in the Soviet Union and and SIRSCRIPT, and local languages have that it is being dealt with by sone very been developed. New directions in Soviet prestigious scientists. Academician G. computing are evidenced by trends toward Harchuk's article on the centralised large machines and third-generatioe(m?) managemont of the conpuber industry re- cosputers that are compatible with the
- ir% 74
IBM Series/360; integration of hardware technology institute to do research, pro- and system design; and new concern with duction, installation, imelementation, maa-machine interaction. Manifesting this and to give courses open to any citizen heightened interest, the First All-Union at a nominal fee. Other articles discuss Conference on Programming was held in Nom- the effects of automation on the work vember 1968. The issue contains abstracts force; mathematical training and research; of the papers presented and a full trap*. computers in economics; the Latvian Academy lation of a report on the use of automata of Science research; and the Delphi theory in resolving problems in the man- method of scientific forecasting. 139 pp. machine interface. 120 pp. (CD) (RV)
15-6000/8-PR Soviet Cybernetics Re- 15-6000/10-PR Soviet Cybernetics view, Vol. 3, No. B. Edited by V. B. Review, Vol. 3, no. 10. Edited by Holland. August 1969. V. B. Holland. October 1969. This issue includes two conference reports The October 1969 issue introduces preview on the design program for ASV!' modular synopses of new Soviet books of special hardware, and two articles discussing the interest to Western readers, and adds eAuses of the tine leg in impleseuting new coverage of the nem cPSD Central committee technology. A summary of the Soviet view newspaper. An overview of Soviet infor- of writing programming languages is given mation retrieval work in science and tech- in an article announcing the ALGOL nology is given in several articles and 60-based ALPHA language, now used to com- book excerpts, which decry the lack of pile BESN-6 code on the 11-20 computer. The adequate hardware, software, and personnel Recursive Functions Algorithmic Language and the °intolerable" slowness of the (REFILL), used on the BESN-6, is also dis- publication process. System analysts, cussed. Articles on computer hardware system programmers, and applied mathema- include discussions of the (1) UP-1 ticians trained in specialized higher two-way analog/digital converter using educational institutions are particularly Sral-10 modules;(2) Promine computer to needed. Sciometrv, a new book on the process experimental data;(3) Kaktus sys- "science of science," lists the problems tem of computer-monitored instruction; (4) encountered by Soviet researchers, includ- KVW-5 device for automatic vacuum spray- ing lack of informal participation in ing of thin films;(5) ChARS reader for international exchanges, delays in receiv- typewritten data;(6) VNIIem-3 control ing foreign journals, the need for a computer for industrial use. A new book centralized reference source and computer- on the problem of optimality is of con- ized information services, publication siderable interest (1) because optimality delays, and the two-way language barrier. is one of the important problems now being Translated articles cover the nomination studied by cybernetic methods, and (2) for a State Prize of the manufacturer and because of the publisheres foreword and designer of the BESN-6; the SUCC; a logic disclaimer. 155 pp. (MV) device based on neuronlike structures; a PERT method for troop control; automatic indexing work and a new document retriev- al language. 129 pp. (NV) RN-6000/9-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 3, No. 9. Edited by V. B. Hclland. September 1969. This issue features articles and photo- RM-6000/11-PR Soviet Cybernetics Re- graphs of computers displayed at the Auto- view, Vol. 3, No. 11. Edited by V. B. mation-69 Exhibition in Moscow, especially Holland. November 1969. the Mir-1 and Ruta-110. Also discussed Soviet efforts in designing third-genera- are the Doze analog computer for radiolog- tion computers are discussed in two fea- ical dosage; "on-the-fly" output printers; tured articles, which describe (1) the other ways to increase computer speed development and production of integrated and productivity; and the planned circuits, and their role in computers, and ultra-high-energy 1000-0ev t-/nchrotron. (2) the use of amorphous chalcogenide Two articles give opposite approaches to glass in lasers, infrared devices, and the structuring of the State Network of semiconductors. To bridge the gap between Computer Centers, those of the Central scientific theory and application, a cy- Statistical Administration (which has the berneticist suggests production-oriented responsibility) and of Gosplan (which branch research institutes at universities, wants it). Programmed instruction has been and a university rector calls for reorgan- sidetracked by lack of production facili- izing higher education along U.S. lines. ties for an excellent design; L. Landa, Computer centers operate more efficiently leading Soviet authority on the subject, under the profit and loss system, but calls for a self-supporting educational pricing policies have not yet been estab- r 75 75 lished. Hardware discussed includes the RM-6018-PR An On-Line Symbolic Mathe- Minsk-32, a multi-processor with multima- matics System Using Hand-Printed chine capability; teletype-input cRT dis- Two-Dimensional Notation. F. V. play for the BESM-6; the Alpha structural Blackwell, R. H. Anderson. December mechanics computer; speech recognition 1969. (41 words) by the BESM-3; remote-process A description of a system being developed control via telegraph line; and a heuris- at Rand for the on-line manipulation of tic approach to checker-playing on an symbolic mathematical expressions. The 11-20. 122 pp. (NV) user hand-prints his formulas, and the mathematical rules to be followed, on a Rand Tablet in ordinary two-dimensional mathematical notation. The system recog- RM-6001-ARPA The GRAIL Language and nizes the characters and interprets the Operations. T. 0. Ellis, J. F. whole expression from the spatial relation- Heafner, V. L. Sibley. September 1969. ships, in accordance with a previously The important organizational concepts of input syntax. The user at his console the flowchart language are the sequential directs the computer to apply various rules flow of control, the hierarchy of subrou- of transformation that he has input. He tines, and the language (flow diagrams) maintains as much control over the trans- that pictorially relates their interde- formations and the displays as the desires. pendence. A fundamental facility of the Because the parser is entirely syntax-di- man-machine interface is the automatic rected, the user can solve a wide variety recognition of appropriate symbols, which of problems and can introduce novel opera- allows the an to print or draw appropri- tors as long as he declares their proper- ate symbols freehand. GRAIL's text-edit- ties. Syntaxes that handle matrix nota- ing features include placement, replace- tion and arbitrary directed-line graphs ment, and deletion of characters, charac- have been written and tested on the parser. ter-string iasertion or deletion, and 25 pp. Ref. (MV) line deletion.Control functions include displaying text page-by-page, requesting specified display frames, moving symbols, and test line editing. The flowchart RM-6027-ARPA An On-Line Debugger for processes may be compiled and executed at OS/360 Assembly Language Programs. CPU speeds or the man may control inter- V. H. Josephs. August 1969. pretative execution by direct stylus A description of DIDE, an on-line debug- actions. He may use overlay displays or ging prograa for use by assembly-language split screen displays to debug. This is programmers on third-generation IBM com- the second part of a final report on puters. _The ability to debug a program on- GRAIL. 34 pp. Ref. (See also RM-5999, line can ean a significant reduction in RM-6002.) (NT) the programmer's debugging effort. Many such on-line systems are available for other computers, notably DDT end its deri- vatives for the PDP computers, but none RM-6002-ARPA The GRAIL Systea Imple- is widely known for the 360 system operat- mentation. T. O. Ellis, J. P. Heafner, ing under OS, where dumps and off-line W. L. Sibley. September 1969. traces must be used. DYDE (Dynamic Debug- Interactive use of the RAND Tablet/Stylus ger) provides the programmer with DDT-like and a CRT display demands that many inde- capabilities of break-point insertion, pendent data packages be accessed in real modification of data and code, and symbo- time without the man's being aware of lic-label references. It can operate under system operational tasks. The internal any option of OS/360, using only a small, representation of the man's program con- user-written aping-pongn SVC and communicat- sists of its picture form, data structures ing with the programmer by means of the to denote properties implied by the pic- 1052 operator's console (employing VTO and ture, and positional information to relate VTOR) or,.preferably, the 2260 graphics stylus location to the other forms. Dyna- console (using the OS Graphics Access mic storage allocation is automatically Method support). 28 pp. (MV) provided because of the large number of data sets. Algorithms are described which handle scheduling, priority, synchroniza- tion, and parallel processing. This is RM-6028-ARPA Extensions to the PL/I the third part of a final report on GRAIL. Language for Interactive Computer 66 pp. Refs. (See also R11-5999, Graphics. R. H. Anderson, D. J. Far- RM-6001.) (MT) ber. January 1970. A proposed combination of the IBM Con- versational Programming System (CPS) and the Rand Programmer-Oriented Graphics Operation (POGO). CPS is entirely type- 76 writer oriented and uses a subset of PL/I lens. These applications can clarify com- with the ON-conditions and complete file plex physiological mechanisms and develop I/0 that are necessary in building an in- better diagnostic and clinical procedures. teractive graphical language. The facil- Current studies way be grouped in 3 general ities of POGO, which allow the user to categories: (1) physiological models and draw on a screen the objects he wishes computational techniques to analyze and displayed, to label and name objects, and quantify the biochemistry of human phys- to define where to display appropriate iological systems and phenomena;(2) anal- items, are provided by these extensions yses of the mechanics and neurophysiology to the language: (1) one new statement, of human vision, pattern recognition, and DISPLAY, signalling the creation of a image enhancement to facilitate information named display page;(2) additional op- transmittal; and (3) clinical applications tions in the PUT and GET statements; and and diagnostic techniques. Potential fu- (3) an additional ON-conditiono PUSH, ture projects include additional funda- that relates light-pen actions to asyn- mental research in all the biosciences, chronous program responses. The require- investigations of complex biological and ment of command and control computer sys- health care systems, and development of tems for flexibility, computation, graphic computer support for bioscience programs. display, and user interaction will be This memorandum does not address studies served by such a connection of interactive centered in experimental laboratories or and graphic capabilities. 24 pp. (MT) those primarily concerned with the eco- nomics, sociology, or administration of health care systems. 77 pp. Bibliog. (LC) RM-6032-PR Graphic ROCKET: Scenario of a Filmed Report. B. W. Boehm, V. R. Lamb, R. Mobley, J. E. Riebar. June 1969. RM-6104-ARPA User's Manual for APAREL: An illustration of the use of Graphic A Parse-Request Language. R. M. Balzer. ROCKET, an interactive computer-graphics January 1970. system for the analysis of aerospace vehi- A description of the present implementation cle designs. The system permits the user of APAREL as a set of subroutines callable to specify or modify a design and flight from PL/I. The memorandum mentions fea- plan and to see the resulting performance tures not yet implemented, use restric- curves displayed. Graphic ROCKET runs on tions, new additions, and methods for use an IBM 360/40 computer. The interactive of the prograa. Added features include a graphics terminal includes an IBM 2250 NOT function and the ability to redefine cathode-ray-tube display with a light pen, parse requests dynamically, to trace a keyboard, and function keys. Hardcopy is parse request dynamically, and to force provided by and S-C 4060 graphic output de- the system to parse every character in the vice. The program language consists of a input string. An on-line syntax checking series of "pages," created and interfaced program for use with the IBM 2260 alpha- via the POGO System (RM-5825), and dis- numeric display unit is appended to aid played on the cathode-ray tube, for spe61- the user in specifying and testing his syn- Eying initial conditions, environmental tax in APAREL format. The on-line inter- models, and flight plans. Control boxes action is supplied by a set of PL/I cal- on each page permit the user to skip from lable routines written at Bell Laborator- page to page with the light pen as he de- ies. A BNP definition of APAREL's syntax fines the problem he wants to solve. language is also included. APAREL was Graphic ROCKET is shown in terms of a developed not only to explore newer areas real-life problem of designing an of man-machine communication but also to air-launched satellite booster for photo- assume responsibility for establishing its graphing hurricanes. This memorandum is value to the military via prototype sys- the text of a demonstration film presented tems. 46 pp. Ref. (see also RM-5611-1.) at the Design Automation Conference in (MW) June 1969. 54 pp. Ref. (MN)
RM-6112-PR Computer Graphics for RM-6047-RC Biosciences at Rand. Edited Simulation Problem-Solving. T. E. by E. C. DeLand, C. Gazley, Jr., L. L. Bell. December 1969. Colbert. April 1970. A description of the use of interactive Describes Rand's current programs and computer-graphic analysis in simulating, potential new projects in the biosciences and then designing aad developing, Rand's --biochemistry, biomathematics, and bio- Video Graphics System, which will provide engineering--which apply the physical, low-cost, high-capability, responsive, mathematical, engineering, and computer graphic computer access to many users s,ciences to biological and medical prob- simultaneously. Simulation began before say 7 7 the system was fully defined, as an aid programming and debugging time. Standard to design. The graphic displays were features can be simulated merely by re- presented on an IBM 360/40; Cne user en- questing the facilities and inputting data; tered data via the RAND Tablet. Of the for nonstandard features, the user writes three types of display--Statistics, Varia- his own description in SIMSCRIPT and uses ble Graph, and Gantt Chart--the latter was as much as he wishes of the ECSS facili- used most. Graphic analysis cut total ties. Unused facilities do not affect modeling time approximately in half. execution. Implementation of the ECSS Since much hard copy was pasted into strip translator is now under way. 53 pp. Ref. charts, these should be produced automa- (MW) tically. Graphics capabilities facili- tated analysis of a large volume of simu- lation output to examine the model in detail and to discover anomalous behavior; RM-6200/1-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, ongoing simulation proved a valuable aid Vol. 4, No. 1. Edited by V. B. Holland. to design. 28 pp. Bibliog. (MR) January 1970. The January issue features a major histor- ical survey of Soviet computer technology, including photographs of nearly all Soviet RM-6114-PR POGO User's Manual: I. computers in operation today. The article General Aids to Graphic Programming. covers Soviet computer development, begin- J. E. Rieber, V. R. Lamb. January ning with an analog device in 1941 and 1970. continuing through current efforts to in- Detailed operating instructions for the corporate integrated circuit technology, control page design and interactive graphic including the Ryad project which is aimed facilities of the Programmer-Oriented at eventual production of System/360-com- Graphics Operation. POGO supplements the patible hardware. The Mir-2 computer with facilities of IGS for the IBM 2250 graphics graphic terminal light pen is discussed. console by freeing the user of many te- Overheating in vacuum tube computers, a dious chores and repetitions coding. With nagging problem for the Soviets, is ex- POGO, the user creates his displays free- plored. Other articles probe computerized hand at the RAND Tablet. Information may crime detection, automated machine system be handprinted, drawn, or typed in. After development, computerized national econom- the display has been designed, POGO files ic planning, automation in the State Bank, the digital information. The user can and use of computers in planning Western then write a simple FORTRAN program con- Basin fishing fleet operations. 87 pp. taining calls to the POGO execution-time (TC) routines, which will Interact with his displays. Appendices give program source listing, the Job Control Language for running POGO jobs on the IBM 360, and the RM-6200/2-PR Soviet Cybernetics Re- 2250 buffer management routines. POGO view, Vol. 4, No. 2. Edited by W. B. has been used in the geographical deploy- Holland. February 1970. ment of men and artillery for a computer Discussion of an ambitious Soviet project model of tactical air-ground interactions, to totally automate airport operations aerospace vehicle trajectory analysis, and highlights this issue. Automated control map data digitization. 192 pp. Ref. systems for flight scheduling, passenger (See also RM-5531, RM-5825.) (MW) services, aircraft maintenance, and other operations will be introduced in the coun- try's 20 largest airports by 1975, the Russians claim, beginning with Moscow's R15-6132-NASA ECSS: An Extendable Vnukovo Airport. An SCR feature surveys Computer System Simulator. N. R. Soviet use of computers in medicine, not- Nielsen. February 1970. ing achievements in computer diagnosis of Describes the major design features of cardiac diseases, computer use in brain ECSS, a programming language for simulat- and cancer research, and in treatment of ing computer systems as an aid to design paralytics in Soviet health resorts. Other and evaluation. In its prototype version, articles consider the proposed role of the ECSS is implemented as a translator into Central Statistical Administration in im- SIMSCRIPT II with extensions to add fur- plementing the State Network of Computer ther capabilities. ECSS can model flow- Centers; the organization of national coh- oriented as well as discrete-event simu- trol systems; use of the computer in musi- lations, having added to SIMSCRIPT the cal composition; and Soviet work in linear SIMULA-like process, which is both an programming. 46 pp. (TC) entity and an event subroutine, and the HOLD UNTIL and WHEN TRUE statements. The emphasis throughout is on ease of use, freedom in modeling, and on minimizing 78 RM-6200/3-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, the new Kashatan computer, and also the Vol. 4, No. 3. Edited by W. B. Holland. Avtopriz-Autevo system, which was jointly March 1970. developed by the Russians and East Germans Four articles devoted to process control to solve industrial production control and industrial automation are featured. problems. A highlight of the issue's One summarizes progress in the introduc- treatment of software problems is the tion of automated control systems in 5 translated abstracts of papers from 8 ses- Leningrad plants. Leningrad is second sions of the Second All-Union Conference only to Moscow in Soviet R8D.Another on Programming, held in February. One details the use of computerized nystems by article continues a discussion begun in the Soviet railroad network, including April's 2CR over whether implementation system shortcomings. Of interest are plans of national control systems should begin for an automated ticketing and seat reser- on a state-wide basis or at the local vation system the Soviets say will stream- level. A discussion of software develop- line passenger handling, trim employee ment advocates concentrating computers in workloads, and completely pay for itself large centers to increase efficient com- in 4 years. It is scheduled for intreduc- puter use. Other articles (1) probe close tion by 1975. Other articles examine ties between the VUM Plant (Kiev Plant of trends in the development of process con- Computers and Control Equipment) and the trol systems, computer selection of spe- Institute of Cybernetics, (2) outline 4 op- cialization curricula in computational timal schemes for complex control systems, mathematics, and use of the computer to (3) examine faltering automation plans in simulate experiments in psychology. A the textile industry, (4) announce estab- recent Pravda item reveals that basic de- lishment of a control processes faculty sign of the M-1000 was conducted. under the at Leningrad University, and (5) discuss auspices of the Tbilisi Scientific Research space and naval research at the Institute Institute of Instrument Construction and of Cybernetics. 59 pp. (TC) Means of Automation, a group not previous- ly identified with any significant Soviet computer developments. 53 pp. (TC) RM-6200/6-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, Vol. 4, So. 6. Edited by W. B. Holland. June 1970. RM-6200/4-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, Featured in this issue is a report by a Vol. 4, No. 4. Edited by W. B. Holland. top Soviet computer expert to the First April 1970. All-Union Conference on Programming. Featured are 3 articles by top Soviet com- Topics'oovered are: the 5-year program puter scientists: V. M. Glushkov discusses ming gap, hardware design shortcomings, trends in computer technology in 2 arti- and repetitive research. A photo-feature cles, specifically computer center Orga- tracing the history of teaching machine nization. Leading computer designer S. A. use identifies prominent figures in the Lebedev writes about the conversion to field and describes an array of hardware, third-generation design techniques and from simple machines to complex com large-scale integration. An article puter-controlled classrooms. . Two articles surveying solid-state technology covers review problems of the computer industry, such subjects as integrated circuits, demanding stringent collective use systems. elionics (electron- and ion-beam tech- Other articles include: (1) organizational niques), optoelectronics, dielectronics, detail of the Central Economic Mathematics and acoustoelectronics. An article on the Institute; (2) a survey of computer use In the ASP automated design system, which uses Armenia and Belorussia; (3) two pieces on the M-220 computer, examines ASP's basic the BES1I-6 computer, one that details its design stages and designer/computer inter- use in linear acceleration experiments; action during mathematical modeling and (4) an overview of neurobionics:(5) a machine design. Other articles consider: discussion of training programming teach- (1) the new Dnepr-2 control system, (2) a ers; and (6) an examination of cybernetics hybrid analog-digital system for use in in the scientific revolution. 61 pp. (TC) physics and chemistry research, and (3) the use of activated alkali halide crystals as luminescent storage cells. A Pravda editorial on the burgeoning glinformation BM-6200/7-PR Soviet Cybernetics Review, industry', is also included. '52 pp.- (TC) Vol. 4, No. 7. Edited by W. B. Holland. July 1970. The Ukraine figures prominently in three articles in this issue. The first is based RM-6200/5-PR Soviet Cybernetics ,Review, on the 1969 Annual Meeting of the Ukrainian Vol. 4, No. 5. Edited by W. B. 'Holland, SSR Academy, at which the subject of eco- May 1970. nomic cybernetics was discussed. The work This issue features an identification of of the Academy's various economic insti- ° 79 totem is outlined, summarizing sone of the scription at 348. Single issues: $10.) niehliebts of research it sathesaticaleco- (MW) nomics and lostrol systeas. The second etticle on the Urals* discusses achieve- greats and problems of computer systems in the Repeblic, particularly industrial ap- 911-6213-PR Sone Information Processing plicatiose for process control. The final Implications of Air Force Space Mis- article la a popelarized description of the sions: 1970-1980. B. N. Boehn. Jan- astesatic computer design systes developed uary 1970. at the Kiev lestitute of Cybernetics. Also Text of a briefing to the kir Force Scien- teetered ace photographs and description of tific Advisory Board on problems in space the Bute-1100, the first Soviet disc memory and flight computing. Off-the-shelf in- salt es display in Moscow at the Exhibition formation processing is inadequate for of Batiosal Bcoponic Achievements. Other real-time image processing, multisensor articles on cosputer activity analyze the analysis, decision-oriented displays, and dispute that is currently raging in Polish the Space Transportation System. Unde- teckstcel circles and on the system of com- tected program errors could lead to dan- peter pesters in Aomania. Vith this issue, gerous strategic confrontations or inca- ciecietIcsli lowielr initiates a bi- pacitate a key defense at a critical time. llet%publication policy. 48 pp. (K8) The kir Force should (1) push development of a high-capability, high-capacity, floating-point on-board computer; (2) buy at least 50 to 100 percent more com- 89-4200/0-PB Soviet Cybernetics Review, puting capacity than is absolutely nec- Vol. 4. Wo. 8. Edited by V. 8. Holland. essary, to avoid complex space-saving Septeeber 1970. programming; (3) begin serious work on Soviet BIB Is redirected toward industrial the STS software now; and (4) study the seeds. Besides compaters and automation, feasibility of an Air Force softwar Major attention is on power engineering, testing facility comparable with hazdware eltectroeics, nuclear applications, chem- testing facilities. 53 pp. Ref- (MW) istry, earth sciences, economic control, asd sicrobiology. Wicroorganisms are thr reagents is the first large-scale produc- tiee of proteist from petroleum hydrocep- RN-6248-PR JOSTRAN: An Interactive halus. Automatic diagsosis of brain tumors JOSS Dialect for Writing and Debugging was OS perceat successful by coMpnter, 90 FORTRAN Programs. V. R. Grahan, D. C. percent by diagnostic. table. Conviters Haceeilage. February 1970. are little used for accounting. 3krainiaes A description of JOSTRAN, a JCSS dialect sclestIfic/tscinical information system that expedites the construction of FORTRAN includes a fund of over 2500 algorithas, programs. JOSS is an interactive, on-line programs, and user's guides. Romanian conputer system developed at Rand under sisctroeic progress is reported. The Air Force funding, and now used extensively Onset cosplalmts of inefficiency, waSte, throughout Rand, the DOD, and industry. And delay of automation appear,:as do the JOSS-language programs are list-processed; sr*el Deports of savings. Tbilisi emerges i.e., each statement is interpreted at 4* A major computer designcenter with the execution time. FORTRAN is the principal prOCess comtroller and 11-1000, language for.programming digital computers tient of the third-generation modular to,perform numerical calculations. Because Soviet cosputers. The BESM-35 read/write most FORTRAN programs are batch-processed, teed wears out tapes. Other hardware is the programmer cannot immediately examine diacessed or pictured. 77 pp. (RV) the output. The JOSS language permits greater flexibility and subtlety, but FORTRAN can handle larger calculations.' JOSTRAN, a specified FORTRAN-compatible dialect of JoSS, combines the advantages 81-6200/10-PB Soviet Cybernetics Re- of both languages. It allows the user to view, Vol. 4, No. 10, 1970 (Index). exploit JOSSes interactive, list-processing Edited by W. B. Holland. August 1971. facilities while writing and debugging a A sot of indexes to the 1970 issues of program, and facilitates the translation of maul Cybernetics Review, mud a bibliog- the JOSTRAN program into FORTRAN. The raphy with abstracts of 18 other Rand translation is verified by test calcula- publications in the field. As in previous tions in both languages. 15 pp. (LC) years, therm are detailed indexes of sub- jects, of personalitiesincluding arAthors, pmcsoms mentioned, and persons pictured--of OrldniCatiOnn, and of hardware/software 911-6255-PR Tracking Error Propagation item. 69 pp. (20 is available tO non- and Orbit Prediction Program. R. govetnnent organizations by yearly sub- Mobley, L. N. Rowell, M. C. Smith. 80 July 1970. processing of algebraic quantities, stabi- Description of TEPOP (Tracking Error Prop- lizing solutions of equations, and computer agation and Orbit Prediction Program), aritbmetic processes. As a consequence of a Rand-modified FORTRAN IV program used the dependence noted, it is recommended that in the AFSC/ADC Joint Mission Analysis on computer science education planners include Surveillance of Objects in Space. TEPOP a prerequisite of probability and statis- simulates spacel-vehicle tracking data from tics. In addition, numerical analysts and as many as 54 sensors. Rand improvements: other computer users involved in numerical Sensors may be satellite-based, may rotate, data processing rill find the examples and may be limited in azimuth, ele7ation, and the list of references useful in seeking range; drag bias can be included; the JPL methods to control rapid numerical error epbemeris tape is used; the program was growth in their computations. 36 pp. Ref. converted to double-precision. Besides (KB) determining a target's path from real data, TEPOP can be used to generate syn- thetic data for objects orbiting earth, sun, moon, Mars, Venus, or Jupiter, or on an RM-6313-PR Use of Magnetic Tape for interplanetary course; to study the effects Reporting Cost Information. J. String, of introducing random and systematic Jr. September 1970. errors; and to generate confidence regions As an alternative to the current practice for position and velocity. The reference of submitting cost reports on paper, this coordinate system is automatically centered study suggests incorporating the capabil- on whichever body influences the tracked ities of electronic data processing In object at the time. 74 pp. Ref. (MW) the design of reporting systems and using magnetic tape as the primary medium for reporting and storing data. Instead of submitting printed reports, a contractor RM-6271-PR A Preliminary Inquiry into would provide documentation of bis account- the Software Estimation Process. J. A. ing system and work assignment structure Farquhar. August 1970. at the initiation of a procurement program, Reviews the literature of software estima- and provide periodic tape copies of his tion and reports a small experiment compar- internal accounting records during the ing Delphi with face-to-face group judgment acquisition'T.hase. A sample program vas to predict the time necessary to program selected as a test case and all major tasks an inforMation system--in this case, the were performed, including in-depth reviews Air Force's PDSO (Personnel Data System of the contractor's accounting system and --Officers). Planning software production the procurement program's work breakdown is necessary but almost impossible at pres- Structure. A series of specialized paper ent. Cost to completion depends cu-nany reports were printed using a generalized factors, some unknown at the,time and all report-generating program written for the hard to quantify (the difficulty of the project. No problems were encountered task, the programmer's ability and famil- that could be attributed to the basic con- iarity with the procedures involved, the cepts of the system or to the principal degree of definition provided him, and elements of implementation. 55 pp. (DGS) about 80 other factors). The experiments undertaken failed to establiSh the utility of either estimation method. Primary rec- ommendations for further-research are: RM-6338-ARPA A Dynamic Programming Ap- (1) more effective data collection., (2) proach to Network Problems: A Model analysis of characteristics of good-esti- for On-Line Computer Systems. L. J. mators, and (3) formal-inquiry into the Pipes. August 1970. techniques used by-'estimators- 56 pp- Derivation, documentation, and listing of Ref. (MW) a dynamic programming model on JOSS for finding optimal solutions (minimum-cost paths) to network pkoblems. The network represents the possible connections between RM-6297-PR Statistical Conceptsin decisions and expresses costs of going from Computational Mathematics. M. L. one to another. The model encompasses a Juncesa. November'1970.' value-iterative algorithm which succes- Discussion of the strong'dependence of com, sively converges to the solution. The puter science onprobability andStatistics. principle of optimality, which permits This Rand study in computatiOnal, mathe- finding the minimum-cost (shortest) path maties and its applicationsoffers a number as a function of the maximum number of of examples,io illustrate this dependence:*, arcs allowed, is: Regardless of how a and isa potentialliv'prolitablethOurce Of"- particular state was arrived at, the re- research problems ilithe interfice,tretWeen maining decisions as to what path to take probability and :Statisticsand coiputer" enroute to the terminal must themselves science. Some examples deal with: numeriCal constitute an optimal solution.The costs 83. of traversing arcs may be input, recalled and training in the world of computers. from other files, or calculated by JOSS The author describes,: (1) the difference from input functions. Model flexibility between this educational and training allows for testing the sensitivity of a problem and the problem for masses of peo- decision process to changes in the ter- ple in any other skill or technology and minal point. 28 pp. Ref. (MR) (2) the difficulties in training and/or educating masses of people in coaputer technology. It is suggested that the educational discount on computers be aban- doned in the near future. 11 pp.
PAPERS P-2602 99-GATE. T. A. Van Wormer. P-2584 Operating Systems. G. H. August 1962. Mealy. May 1962. A primer for instruction in the 99-GATE A discussion of operating aystems, defined language. 99-GATE is a system in which as the whole complex of programming, de- a computer may be instructed to perform bugging, and operatiemal aids with which algebraic computations. Specifically, the programmer deals. The components cf 99-GATE is: General Algebraic Translator an operating system are divided into in- extended for the IBM 709/7090. The author put-output systems, processors, and super- indicates the rules to be followed and the visory systems. Input-output systems are techniques to be used in instructing the codes nsed in conjunction with the hard- computer. 48 pp. ware to get data in and out of the machine. Processors are codes that transform data. Supervisory systems are codes that are responsible for job or task sequencing and P-2608-I What is DETAB-X? S. L. for communication between the programmer Pollack. October 1962. and the components of the operating sys- A description of a computer language based tem. The provision of a coherent set of on the use of decision tables, DETAB-X communication conventions is emphasized (Decision Tables, Experimental). The to promote flexibility of construction paper traces the evolution of computer and use. 95 pp. programming and the steps in its develop- ment. The desirable features for a prob- lem-analysis technique are discussed to- gether with a comparison of DETAB-X and P-2586 Benchmarks in Artificial In- COBOL-61. DETAB-X was developed at Rand telligence. F. J. Gruenberger. June as part of a continuing effort to devise 1962. methods that will permit the Air Force A list of tasks, presently performable by and other large users of computers to re- most human beings, that may eventually be duce costs and time-lags involved in de- handled successfully by computers. These signing and implementing data systems. tasks may serve as milestonea in the field 26 pp. of artificial intelligence. 13 pp.
P-2593 The Use of Computers in-the P-2610 Bow Cities Should Approach Data Processing and Analysis of Geographic Processing. R. J. Mason. July 1962. Inforaation. R. C. Mao. December 1963. A discussion of the impact on government An assessment of the iapact of higIrspeed operations of advances in data-processing computers on the collection and use of equipment. Future equipment will improve data in geographic research. Thefollow- all five of the data-processing activities ing are discussed: (1) the way in whiCh and will be available in the size, capa- the impactis felte (2)geographic.,prOb-- bility, and price to.neet any city's needs. lens likely to arise with the increasingly The ideal system for cities is one in widespread use Of high-speed computers, which environmental data gathered by all (3) adOption of a nniwersaI mappingays- departments are filed in unified, central tem, and (4) problems facing users Of :geo- records describing persons or parcels of graphic data. 28 pp. real property: Tlese central files will replace many existing files, since they will be available to all departments for use in their normal operations.Eventu- P-2597 ComputerTraining and Educa ally, these central files will cover more tion:ThePicture than one city. Proper use of data-process- ruenberger. jUly:1962. ing equipment will lead to better deci- A discussion of the probleyrof education sions based on more inclusive data, and' 82
ultimately to significant operating econ- probably propose that DETAB-X be adopted omies and improved city operations. 9 pp. as an addition to COBOL. 7 pp.
2-2658 A Quick Look at SIMSCRIPT. P-2697 H. W. Karr. DETAB-X and the World of Bank- October 1962. ing. S. L. Pollack. February 1963. A description of SIMSCRIPT, a generalpro- A description of DETAB-X (Decision Tables., gramming system specially adapted to the Experimental), an experimental language problems of writing simulation programs. that combines COBOL-61 and decision tables. The advantages of SIMSCRIPT are that it The use of DETAB-X in business-oriented reduces the time needed to program simula- problem description is discussed withpar- tions of even moderate complexity andpro- ticular reference to banking systems. It vides increased flexibility in modifying is felt that programs written in DETAH-X such models in accordance with the find- will provide improved communication be- ings of preliminary analysis and other tween system designers, programmers, and circumstances. Although SIMSCRIPT may be functional specialists. DETAB-X is also used as a computer language for nonsimula- expected to increase the accuracy and com- tion problems, the author emphasizes its pleteness of problem statement achievable application to simulation. Detailed in- by existing languages. 12 pp. structions and forms for applying SIMSCRIPT are also provided. 14 pp.
2-2714 Electronic Data Processing for Cities--The Broad Look. E. F. R. P-2674 Anatomi of an Assembly System. Hearle. February 1963. G. H. Mealy. December 1962. A summary of what electronic data-process- A description of the GAS (Generalized As- ing equipment can do for cities now and in sembly System) language and of theorgan- the near future. Modern automatic data- ization of the GAS processor. One of the processing equipment greatly increases the features of GAS is that routines may be capability of municipal agencies to handle defined and added to the assembly system information, especially if an over-all, at assembly time. This allows the possi- integrated system serving the entire muni- bility of changing the syntax or semantics cipal organization is developed, rather of the source language during assembly. than a piecemeal mechanization of familiar Therefore, the programmer who wishes to clerical operations. 11 pp. change GAS must know how it is constructed. The possibility of this, in any practical sense, is dependent on the organization of the assembly system and on its documenta-. 2-2768 The Why and How of Computing tion. The author attempts to provide in the Secondary Schools. F. J. enough information about GAS to allow mod- Gruenberger. September 1963. ification of this language at assembly An argument in favor of including computing time. 30 pp. in the high school curriculum. Considered are the reasons for teaching it in high school, the problems of acquiring a com- puter for high school use, the proper place 2-2687 Status Report of DETAH-X (De- of computing in the curriculum, And the cision Tables, Experimental)... S. L. main.types of problems that high schools Pollack. January 1963. icoUld'usea, computer. to sOlVe. 9 pp. A status report on DETAB-X (Decision (Seedlsol)2786.) Tables,ExperiMental). This potential businesS language:was intrOducedat a DecisiOn-Table Symposium in New York, 20 September 1962. DecisiOntables'in, P-2782 Programmer Selection Report for general are set up in a tabular format., SHARE XXI. R. R. Reinstedt. August containing a set of Aecision rules based on A:given set of conditions. Each de- 'A discussion of personnel problems.in cisiOn rule describes_the setS of condi-. hiring.programmers .fdr,Computers. 14 pp. tionS that.mnst be satisfied for 4 giyen segUenCe:Of actions to be taken. The,
sYstePS Gro.aP.dev0.6,PeAsPe4fica- . tions for, DETAB-X, a decision7table'struc P-2786 WhAt .ShoulA We Compute?
ture usin4-modified'.COHOL-:61.or busi- . Gruenbeeger. --September, 1963. ness-problem, description:, :As DETAB-x.. A discusSion of tlie efficient'use,of a has prov.en to0e,al,si_gnificaot A6velPPoeo.t .computet. Seven crit6ria Are given' as a in data iroceising 4nd a valuablP addition guide-lindetermining-.Whether. the use of to COBOLthe CODASYL Systems Group will . a- 'coMputer is justified for a particulAr . . , 83
problem or whether some other method of category of practical problems. Work calculation would be preferable. 14 pp. should have begun five years ago on digi- (See also P-2768.) tal computers 100 to 1000 times faster and 1000 to 1,000,000 times larger than current computers. Attention, however, seems to have been diverted by "giamickery" P-2791-1 Computers and Information and the glamour of "thinking machines." Flow. R. L. Patrick. March 1968. The author sees little hope of improvement. An introduction to computers for the de- 6 pp. cisionmaker who needs a layman's knowledge of the field (updated from a UC Extension lecture). Hardware, software, rental arrangements, and programmer rela- P-2864 GASP--A General Activity Simu- tions are described. Useful classifica- lation Program. P. J. Kiviat, A. tions of types of computing include the colker=. va.hrnsavy 1964. nisnomers "scientificn (meaning little An introduction to the capabilities of input-output and much arithemetic) and GASP (General Activity Simulation Program). nbusiness" (meaning very high input-output GASP can be understood by engineers as and very simple computations, as in pay- well as by computer programmers. It pro- rolls). Also defined are batch, on-line, vides uniformity in system description and real-time processing. Process control and includes as many automatic error de- and military command and control are dis tection and debugging systems as possible. cussed as on-line applications, the in- GASP cannot compete with SIMSCRIPT but dications of a latent computer need usually serves well those who have only a small are: (1) a volume operation of which the machine or who use several computers with the repetitive portions can be defined and no common language. 9 pp. the exceptions recognized; (2) any ex- tremely complex job;(3) a need for im- mediate results; (4) a large file that must be current and accessible to several users; P-2865 On the Explosion of Automation. (5) extremely precious data that require R. E. Bellman.February 1964. sterile handling. 19 pp. Comments on the impact of automation on a capitalistic and democratic society. While automation would increase even without computers, its effects are intens- P-2793 The Prograamer in a Changing ified by them.Coupled with an increase World. W. H. Ware. September 1963. in general efficiency and in advanced An inquiry into the role of the profes- technology, automation will remove many sional programmer in the future computing jobs from industry. The author points world. The programmer may continue to be out the need for training and retraining needed for unusual machine problems and in of the resulting unemployed. 5 pp. computer research, but it may be that the ability to present a machine to its user on his terms will improve so rapidly that programming as a specialty will become a P-2879 On Cybernetics, Information relatively siall professional field or a ProCessing,'and Thinking. M. E. Baron. secondary skill shared by people from a March 1964. wide variety of professional disciplines. An examination of the origins, development, 5 PP and present status of those key cybernetic notions that provide an information-flow framework-,within which to,attack one as- pect of the question of how a person P-2826 Simulating with SIMSCRIPT. thinks; i.e., the question of the infor- 8. M. Markowitz. November 1963. mation mechanisms and processes which' An examination of two aspects of SIMSCRIPT underlie'and are correlated with thinking: which enable it to reduce the prcgramming Defined and analyzed are (1) the origins time required for simulation. These are And Scope of-Cyberneticai (2) information its world-view of the model to be simu- processing-in:artifiCial and natural sys- lated and its method of communicating to tems,;A3) the probleM Of artificial intel- the computer the world to be simulated. ,ligence, andA4)cybernetiCs, neurOphysiol- 15 PP. ogy,:andepitemology. '41 pp. Bibliog.
P-2863 liggr-,-a'nd Better Mathemati- P-2 9 08 Science, Technology and the ciams, R. E. Bellman,,RebrUaty:1964. Automation Explosion.. R. E.. Bellman. jiatneMaticians urgently need much 'larger May 1964. and faster computers for solving A:l.arge A consideration of the serious effects of 84 our economic and political structure aris- generate comprehension-like behavior. ing from the rapid spread of automation. 23 pp. Bibliog. £3 it takes over sore and more routine occupations, people will be required to engage more in personal and certain pro- fessional services. The author feels that P-3044 The Role of the Computer in some attempt must be made to face the prob- Secondaty Schools. F. J. Gruenberger. lem now instead of wishfully letting the January 1965. matter take care of itself. 6 pp. In the five years since stored program computers have been used in secondary schools, a pattern of solid academic courses has emerged. The paper lists P-2922 JOSS: A Designer's View of An eight reasons to justify continuance of Experimental 0a-Lins System. the program. 4 pp. J. C. Shaw. August 1964. A description of JOSS (JOHNNIAC Open-Shop System), an experimental on-line, time- shared computing service. The paper P-3086 Use of Hybrid Computing in emphasises those features vhich have made Design Automation. A. J. Rowe, P. JOSS a convenient new tool. 33 pp. Brock. March 1965. A discussion of computer-aided design for engineering use. The automatic drafting project of the Hughes Aircraft Company is P-2967 Prograaming Language Selection described, including the development of for Command and Control Applications. ADRA, the machine and the language. The J. P. Haverty. September 1964. concept of the engineering inforaation A discussion of major considerations in center is discussed. 22 pp. selecting a programming language for command and control applications: (1) systems considerations;(2) language and compiler requirements. The paper illus- P-3109 A Charting Technique for the trates the difficulties of programming Analysis of Business Systems. R. A. language selection by citing recent Ameri- Nelson. May 1965. can work in measuring effectiveness. The Description of a charting technique for problems of standardization are also analyzing business systems and studying mentioned. 25 pp. the information economics of firms. This technique facilitates establishment of criteria for system effectiveness by portraying details and interrelationships 2-2998 The Teaching of Computing. of functional tasks, management decisions, F. J. Gruenberger. October 1964. organization structure, information flows, A discussion of the characteristics of and data processing. 17 pp. the teaching of computing and the ways in which it significantly differs from the teaching of other subjects. 5 pp. 2-3131 JOSS: Examples of the Use of An Experimental On-Line Computing Service. J. C. Shaw. April 1965. A presentation of examples of the use of 2-3006 The Logic of Interrogating a JOSS (Johnniac Open Shop System) for the Digital Computer. M. E. Naron. Novem- solution of small numerical problems. ber 1964. 10 pp. An attempt to clarify the problem of how a computing machine must be organized to deal with language in order to respond to interrogation as if it understood meanings 2-3141 Simulation Programming and and relevance. The paper is divided into Analysis of Results. A. S. Ginsberg. three parts: (1) an outline of the origins Nay 1965. and scope of the information sciences and A discussion of techniques for simplifying the impetus they have given to this search; and speeding simulations and bar increas- (2) a look at two sub-problems, literature ing the meaningfulness of results. General searching and data retrieval, to suggest Purpose Systems Simulator II (GPSS), how these problems should be framed; and SINSCRIPT, and programming by question- (3)a consideration of the question of naire are discussed as examples of simula- comprehension with the aim of specifying tion programming. 9 pp. how some aspects of knowing can be dis- cussed in a mechanical way and related to the information organization required to 65, 85
P-3144-1 Cybernetics. N. 2. nerve. P-3235 Communications, Computers and December 1965. People. P. Baran. November 1965. A review of the concepts of cybernetics. Discussion of the impact of computer tech- Communication theory and the digital coe- nology on communications and the effect of pater are discussed as forces that shape low cost digital communictions on com- the development of cybernetics. Current puter systems. The paper presents the interpretations of the meaning of cyber- social consequences of the reciprocal ac- netics are also discussed. 9 pp. Bibliog. tion and suggests remedies for the prob- lens that may rise. 20 pp.
P-3146 JOSS: Conversations with the Johnaiac Open-Shop System. J. C. Shaw. P-3236 Is the Data Processing Field Ray 1965. So Different?F. J. Greenberger. A brief descriptioa of JOSS and examples September 1965. of conversations in which the system is A consideration of the need for companies directed in a high-level algebraic lan- who plaa to install electroaic data proc- guage. 5 pp. essing equipment to seek the guidance of RDP experts. Cost analogies for similar professional services are given. 4 pp.
P-3149 JOSS: Uperience with An Ex- perimental Computing Service for Users at Remote Typewriter Consoles. J. C. P-3279 Future Computer Technology and Shaw. May 1965. Its Impact. V. R. Race. March 1966. A report of the history and benefits of Text of a paper presented to the Board of JOSS (Johnniac Opea-Shop System), a com, Trustees and the Air Force Advisory Group puting service which monitors ten type- in November 1965. The author discusses writers and.serves up to eight users con- the digital computer as an information currently. It has been in daily use at processing machine, describes the advances RAND since January 1964. The author dis, made in computer hardware in the 15 years cusses both the hardware and software, and of its conseccial lifetime, suggests fu- the training necessary to operate the sys- ture computer achievements, aad considers tem. 18 pp. Bibliog. the impact on society, business, industry, and the military. 29 pp.
P-3163 what Is the "Social Responsi- bility" Problem? F. J. Greenberger. P-3281 Are Small, Feee-Standing Con, July 1965. peters Sere to Stay?F. J. Greenberger. An inquiry into the effects of automatic& December 1965. on employment and the problems confronting An assessment of computing-power per dollar social and computer scientists in assesar in snail aachLnes. It is increasing rapid- ing the magnitude of these effects. 8 pp. ly and will continue to do so. It present, distinct advantages are to be found in the free-standing machine over a large, time- sharing facility, depending on the particte P-3168/1 NOSY: A Core-saving Operat- ler project. The Paper speculates that, in ing System. I. L. Finkle, L. Scantlin. time, developments will allow a free-stand- July 1967. ing machine to be hooked nis to a large cen- A revision of P-3168 to reflect the change tral facility for short bursts, and thus in RAND'S computer system from an IBM 7040 secure the best of both systems for users. coupled to a 7044, to the 7044 alone.This 8 pp Paper describes the NOSY (NonSYS) software for use with programs that exceed available storage on the 7044. Converting codes from FORTRAN II to FORTRAN IV causes loss of core P-3313 JOBVIIIK Eulogy. V. R. Vara. storage because the IV compiler in most March 1966. casen produces more instruction words than Text of a talk at the decommissioning the II compiler, and because the IBSYS nu- ceremonies for the RAND-built computer, cleus requires so much storage space. The JORWRIAC, held 18 February 1966. The NOSY method eliminates the nucleus during history and development of JORNVIAC are execution, thus releasing core storage at traced from the early search for more the cost of less efficient input/output. computing power in 1950 to the very re- It vas devised originally for a RAND two, cent use of the computer as a research dimensional hydrodynamic model that con- tool. The press release of JORNNIAC's tinued to exceed available storage even demise is appended. 14 pp. when a chaining procedure was used. 12 pp.
nrib PN 86
P-3314 Introduction to the SIMSCRIPT the asseabled works of project members, II Programming Language. P. J. Kiviat. together with some 400 additional entries February 1966. published after 1967, selected largely Presentation of the design pLilosophy from the Library of Congress card catalog. behind SIMSCRIPT II. The paper notes the The appendix lists private organizations incorporation of accumulated experience engaged in, or planning to engage in, into the programming language, describes future-oriented work. The bibliography the impleeentation and structure consider- will continue to be updated periodically. ations, and reveals some of the language's 58 pp. (SM) important features and innovations.. 7 pp.
P-3408 Relational Data File I: Design P-3348 Development of New Digital Philosophy. M. E. Baron. July 1966. Simulation Languages. P. J. Kiviat. The design philosophy and general objec- April 1966. tives of the Relational Data File, an An article prepared for nil gouraml 21 automatic question-answering system. The Industrial Zneineerinq. It includes: File permits factual data to be stored in (1) an examination of theories of simula- a digital computer so that the machine can tion and modelling and programming; (2) respond appropriately, giving answers to a description of the design aims and a questions based on the stored information. few language statements of SIMSCRIPT II, (One of two related papers presented at a second generation simulation programming the Third Annual National Colloquium on language; and (3) comments on a probable Information Retrieval, 1966.) 26 pp. future for simulation languages and simu- Ref. (See also P-3411.) lation programming. 21 pp. Bibliog.
P-3411 Relational Data File II: Im- P-3349 Simulation Language Report plementation. R. H. Levien. July 1966. Generators (or, I Hear You but I Don't The techniques used for implementation of Iteow What You're Saying). P. J. the Relational Data File, a computer-based Kiviat. April 1966. system for the storage, retrieval, and Pat)er prepared for the Symposium on Silva- logical analysis of factual data. (One lation Techniques and Languages, London, of two related papers presented at the May 1966. The author discusses simulatict Third Annual National Colloquium on Infor- programming languages and their particular mation Retrieval, 1966.) 26 pp. Ref. need for specialized output statements. (See also P-3408.) The structure of future simulation lan- gua4e report generators is predicted through descriptions of the programmers' and managers' need for reports about or P-3453 Development of Discrete Digital from simulation models and programs. A Simulation Languages. P. J. Kiviat. set of programming statements that satisfy September 1966. these needs is presented and related to A discussion of the history, current the simulation programming languages of status, and possible future of computer today and the future. The programming languages that are used for describing statements are in SIMSCRIPT II, but the the structure and dynamics of dis- use is illustrative only; they have not crete-time systems. The author discusses been implemented. Examples of the reports principal features of the numerous simula- generated by the hypothetical atatements tion programming languages in current Use are included in the Appendix. 25 pp. and predicts eventual merger into one or lihliog. two general-purpose languages that can be used to construct special-purpose simula- tion languages. 16 pp. Ref. P-3365-4 Bibliography on Automation and Technological Change and Studies of the future. A. Harrison. March P-3466 The Coming Computer Utility 1971. --Laissez-Faire, Licensing or Regula- Last published in 1967, this current bib- tion? P. Baran. April 1967. liography lists works associated with The growth of the computer industry, which two ongoing Rand projects: Automation presses upon existing regulatory processes, and Technological Change, and a related makes necessary a re-examination of the informal study of future national and in- entire regulatory structure for data trans- ternational problems. Alphabetically mission. At present, communications sup- arranged, the bibliography contains ap- pliers are highly regulated, while compu- proximately 800 entries, consistinj of ter companies are not. The cost for com- cb 7 87 putation is dropping .Jo rapidly that the hardships of the displaced. Education' cost of the communication needed to tie must be a continuing process throughout together many users of a single machine is life and society must provide financial ncy the overriding cost limitation. Con- support. With centralized information in centating the traffic from a large number computer files, privacy becomes a major of users in order to share expensive trans- issue. 28 pp. mission circuits is illegal unless a single company is involved (giving a dispropor- tionate advantage to large companies). The most basic regulation mechanisms needed by P-3484 Current Trends in Aerospace future computer utilities are: profession- Computation and Some Implications. al licensing standards to aid in safeguard- B. Boehm. November 1966. ing privacy of information; removing the A discussion of current trends in aero- economic advantage to large companies; and space computation. Total U.S. computing providing free exchange across systems. power is expected to increase by a factor 27 pp. of 1000 in the next ten years. While computers are becoming faster and more efficient, computer softvare remains a handicraft industry, custom-made and too P-3476 The Catalog: A Flexible Struc- frequently idiosyncratic. Programs often ture for Data Storage. T. W. Ziehe. subtly distort the projects they are in- November 1966. tended to assist. Conversion from one An overall view of the Rand text and machine to another is time-consuming. catalog system described in RM-4390 for Programmers should strive for interchange- processing natural language text for com- ability, using machine-independent pro- puter storage in large files. The sys- 'gramming languages and modular units. tem provides freedom to reorganize the Continuous reexamination of goals is nec- files at will. Organization is based on essary. (Presented at the SSD/Aerospace the dependency tree. Data within any one Workshop on Spaceborne Computer Software class may be encoded in any form, disr at Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo.) regarding the rest of the file, and the 16 pp. Refs. nature of the coding is indicated on the catalog ap (index). Catalogs can be nested, and each catalog may be structured separately. A valuable space-saving de- P-3486 JOSS: Introduction to the Sys- vice is the null datum, in whicb headings tem Implementation. G. E. Bryan. No- without any data fulfill their organizing vember 1966. role without occupying any physical space. A description of the concept, capabilities, Computer programs convert text into its hardware, software, language, and usage of internal representation. Formats have JOSS, an on-line time-shared interactive been defined for 7-bit magnetic tape and plug-in computing system.JOSS was designed 36-bit-word core storage, and others will for casual use by problem-solvers rather be added. Catalog transformation schemes than for system programmers. The inter- are also planned for the future. /Pre- active method of thinking at the console sented at the Conference on Computers in is estimated as being ten tiaes faster than Humanistic Research, Texas A. & M., No- the usual problem-inception-to-problem-so- vember 1966.) 22 pp. lution approach to a computer. Every 24 hours, about 3 million JOSS statements are now processed in an average 5.5 milli- seconds. Average oomputation per session P-3478 Computer Aspects of Technolog- is 20,000 statements, leaving enough un- ical Change, Automation, and Economic used capacity to accommodate 100 consoles Progress. P. Armer. February 1966. or more. Complete hardware description, Reprinted from the report of the National flow charts, and sample programs are given. Commission on Technology, Automation, and (Presented at the Fall Symposium of the Economic Progress. A self-styled technor Digital Equipment Computer Users Society, logical radical and economic conservative, November 1966.) 19 pp. summarizes progress and trends in computer technology and applications to banking, government, health, engineering, and other fields. The amount of raw computing pover P-3501 Computers and Our Future. in the U.S. has been doubling yearly; the. M. E. Maron. December 1966. author believes that this trend will con- A statement of information needed for a tinue and that computing power will become realistic attack upon the questions of available like electricity or telephone predicting the future impact of computers service. Full omployment can be main- on society, the Smcial and moral implica- tained despite the increased productivity, tions, and the actions that eight be but ways must be found to minimize the taken to alter some of the possible con- 88 88 sequences. Among the topics are the im- for the Fourth Space Congress, Cocoa plications for invasion of.privacy, im- Beach, Florida, April 1967.) 34 pp. Ref. proper manipulation and control; the in-. fluence of information feedback and over- load; the problem of obtaining individual treatment in a computer-based selection P-3523 Remarks on the Question of system. What values do we wish to foster? Privacy Raised by the Automation of And how fast can corrective action become Mental Health Records. P. Baran. effective? 10 pp. April 11-67. It is necessary to face issues of the individual's right-to-privacy raised by the future automation of information sys- P-3504 System Implications ci Infor- tems. Systems will be interconnected for mation Privacy. H. E. Petersen, R. both economy and performance, but Turn. April 1967. time-shared computer file systems will A detailed account of vays to protect not at first have adequate safeguards computer systems, especially remotely commensurate with the sensitivity of accessible on-line time-sharing systems, the information they contain. The prob- from invasions of privacy. Communication lem is thus how to obtain the greatest links cannot be physically secured (see benefits from such systems with the least RM-3765) ;the only broadly effective danger.to privacy. (Presented to the countermeasure against wiretapping meth- American Orthopsychiatric Association ods is privacy transformations (secret Workshop, Washington, D.C., March 21-23, codes), which may require additional 1967.) hardware. Other countermeasures include once-only passwords; electromagnetic shielding to prevent radiation pickup; systematic verification of the integrity P-3527 The Professor and the Computer: of hardware, software, and personnel; 1985. B. W. Boehm. February 1967. checking up cn accidental interference A short scenario of a 1985 conversation and overlong computer session. Hardware between a professor and a computer, which breakdowns and the shielding of proces- reflects the author's belief that extrapo- sors to prevent "tuning in" present un- lations into the future should point out solved problems. It appears possible to not only the prospect but also the prob- engineer information systems so that the ,lems of implementing future technology. cost of privacy protection is proportion- 5 pp. al to the amount- desired. (Prepared for 1,resentation at the Spring Joint Computer Conference, Atlantic City, April 1967.) 44 pp. Ref. P-3533 Keeping the Upper Hand in the Man-Computer Partnership. B. W. Boehm. April 1967. A discussion of the future capabilities of the computer and its role in augmenting hu- P-3522 Some Aspects of Man7Computer man creativity. Rapid increases in hard- Communication in Active Monitoring of ware performance (e.g., the large-scale Automated Checkout. L. Chesler,, integrated circuit) and new organization Turn. March 1967. methods (e.g., the multi-processing con- Wherever hazards exist, tightschedules cept) have permitted the design and imple- must be met, and costs of failure are mentation of more flexible systems, with high, human judgment le needed toAetect no /oss of computational efficiency. The and react to malfunctions inautomatiC on-line interactive computing system checkout equipment, incorrect program de- promises to achieve a significant man-com- sign or execution, and,unexpeC!ted eventS. puter partnership. The increased produc- The liuman monitor must knowexActly what tivity of the computer, however, should the programs should be'doing and What they not be considered an end in itself. Sys- are doing at each instant;the monitor tems analysis will provide a continual re- should be able to look,ahead, review the examination of the rele4ance of the user's past, specify the level of detail of in- efforts to his goals, and thus ensure that formation, and controlthe rate of check-. the,computer is used to stimulate creativ- out. The Moving network: display:.with ity, not to perpetuate mediocrity. 29' pp. on-linegraphical techniques' .(RM-5183)..is outlined as an exampleof effeCtive"in7 formation display-. Meed: for suck,asystem increases as existing factorY chOOkout H systems approach the limitof:theitabiL P-3544 Security and Privacy in Com- ity tohandle equipMent complexityandASH: puter Systems. W. H. Ware. April, manual systems are automated.: (Prepared 1367. 89 Outlines the configuration of a typical A method for using sequential positional remote-access, multi-user resource-shar- information to recognize handprinted Chi:7 ing computer system and identifiessome nese characters, and a computer program of its vulnerabilities to unauthorized that uses this method to provide a trans- divulgence of information. In military lation aid. The desired character is . terms, this is the computer security drawn on the RAND graphical input tablet problem; in civilian terms, the computer and is reproduced on the CRT display page, privacy problem. The latter is less which includes the asked-for character to- clearly structured from both legal and gether with its pronunciation and its practical viewpoints. There are vulner- Identification number in the standard Chi- abilities of personnel, hardware, soft- nese-English dictionary. The program can ware, and especially communications. be used for any forms that are drawn in a Eavesdropping, wiretapping, copying, or particular sequence of strokes. Both outright theft of files are possible. recognition routines (Chinese and Roman Could reasons of national interest lead characters) analyze the point-by-point the professional intelligence effort of locations as each stroke is being drawn, a foreign government to focus on a com- and identify it within milliseconds after. puter network? This paper presents ter- completion. The program could be used in minology, outlines the problem,,and sug- preparing a.hardcopy dictionary index or gests design considerations; detailed teaching aids by use of a graphical output technological countermeasures are given printer. (Prepared for publication in in P-3504, "System Implications of In- IEEE Transactions on Electronic ComEmters.) formation Privacy." (Presented at the 21 pp. Ref. (See also RM-5016.) Spring Joint Computer Conference, Atlantic 'City, April 17-19, 1967.) 32 pp.
P-3581 An Approach to Software Evalua- tion. J. D. Tupac. April 1967. -P-3560 JOSS: Rubrics- C. L. Baker. Software evaluation is discussed within March 1967. the context of RAND's experience in eval- A collection of principles to be kept in mating its computer system. Software has mind when designing a JOSS-like system,' become more significant because of in- contemplating additions:to the JOSS lan-' creased dependence on it for system opera- guage, or comparing JOSS with other in- tion and performance. At the same time, teractive on-line, time-shared remotecom- it has become more difficult to evaluate puting systems. 5 pp. because of increased complexity, greater flexibility and functional capability, and sheer size. Any organization, undertaking an evaluation of its system, must consider P-3562 Urban Node in.the Information two major areas: functional capabilities Network. P. Baran, M. Greenberger. and performance based on the organization's April 1967. requirements and goals. At RAND, workload A discussion of the technologies of com- and capacity requirements, desired through- puters and communications in terms of the put and accessibility, and cost constraints major contemporary problems of cities. were used to determine an acceptable Since the communication of information cost/performance range. Estimating soft- may well be the most central andy most ware performance is the weakest link in vital function of an urban complex, the an evaluation. If an organization's out- information-based technologies could be put is 1arg4Aly dependent on accurate per- the next major force in the evolution cf formance prc,41...mtion. it Must select only the city. Computer-communication tech- from systems with working software. nology could foster a widening, sparser 12 pp. distribution of people around the world, with urban pockets of active personal interaction among intelleCtual, commer- P-3599 Computer Simulation Program- cial, industrial, and political leaders. ming Languages: Perspective and Prog- Such urban centers would be sources of nosis. P. J. Kiviat. September 19670 ideas and top-level decisions and would An overview of the languages devised serve as input nodes in national and especially for programming computer simu- transnational information networks. lations developed since 1959. Some are 25 pp. Bibliog. based on transaction flows (GPSS), others on cause-and-effect relationships ex- pressed in events (SnISCRIPT), activities (CSL), or processes (SIMULA). Other prin- P-3568 On-Line Computer' Classification ciPal differences ar4:. static or dYnanic of Handprinted Chinese Characters as a storage allocations 'Levels of indirect Translation Aid.: G. F. Groner, J_ F. referencing, and ability to form complex Heafner, T. W. Robinson: April 1967. data structures. Languages may be ex- 90 ecuted interpretively by a control pro- ticle on heuristic programming claims that gram (GPSS), may be direct extensions of Soviet mathematicians are appreciably general-purpose compilers (SIMDLA of ahead of their U.S. colleagues in machine ALGOL), source languages to compilers pattern recognition and medical diagnos- (early SINSCRIPT and CSI., GASP, and tics, probably in chess playing, but be- FORSIM IV to FORTRAN) or compile directly hind in breadth of work and in equipping into assembly code (SINSCRIPT 1-5, Ex- the projects with the best computer hard- tended CSL, CSL-2).The trend is away ware.Other items report technical data, from terseness toward readability and research budgets, new construction, a descriptive power..22 pp..Ref. tabular comparison of 'U.S. and USSR com- puters, and a symposium on the mse of redundancy in information and controlsys- tems. Relevant articles and.photographs P-3600/1 Soviet Cybernetics:Recent published during March in Pravda, La- News Items, No. 1.Edited by W. B. :vestiya, the weekly Economics Gazette, Holland.February 1967. 'and the weekly English-language Moscow The first issue of a periodical review -News are listed. prepared by the staff of the Cybernetics 86 pp. Data Research Project in the Computer Sciences Department of RAND, to appear approximately monthly.Excerpts from the P-3600/4 Soviet Cybernetics:Recent Soviet press on computers, ,automatic con- News Items, No. 4.Edited by W. B. trol, and related material are tranSlated Holland.May 1967.. or summarized._The feature article is a This issue includes a specie:: ceport on compilation of data on the newest, fast- the BESM and M-20 series of c,..7imputers de- est, and most highly publicized Soviet veloped in the Soviet Union.Items trans- computer, the BESM76.Includes a bibli- lated from the Russian include reports on egraphy of relevant articles and one of electronics in the administration of the photographs in 'Pravda and the weekly national economy and on the characteris- Economics Gazette for December and Janu- tics and costs of several computers.Rel- ary, and in Izvestiva f or January only. evant articles and photographs published A bibliography of CDRP publications, during April in Pravda lzvestiva, ggo- with abstracts, 'is appended.. 74 pp. nomics Gazette, Moscow News, and Rand pub- lications on Soviet cybernetics and com- puter technology are listed.68 pp. P-3600/2 Soviet Cybernetics:Recent News Items, No. 2.Edited by W.B.. Holland.March 1967. P-3600/5 So7,i_et Cybernetics:Recent The second issue of a periodical review News Items, Nor 5.Edited by W.B.. prepared by the staff of the Cybernetics Holland..June 1967. Data Research Project in the Computer The fifth issue of a periodical review Sciences Department, to appear approxi- prepared by the staff of the Cybernetics eately monthly.Excerpts from the Soviet Data Research Project in the Computer Sci- press on computers, automatic control, and ences Department.The June issue features related material are translated or sum- articles on management science and systems marized.The March issue features eight- analysis in the Soviet Union, development een pages of computer photographs from of high-productivity computer systems, and the book Mathematical Control Maghi., a first description and photograph of the the table of contents from the collection M-220 computer.101 pp. Magnetic Elementg in Computer Engineering, an article advocating a return to three- address machines with microprogramming, seven other articles, and short news P-3600/6 Soviet Cybernetics:Recent items..Relevant articles and photography News Items,'-No. 6.Edited by W.B.. published during February in Pravda, Iz- Holland.July 1967. vestiva, the weekly Economics Gazette, The July issue features three articles on and_ the English-language weekly Moscow problems in the Soviet computer indUstry. News are listed.65 pp. The Ministry of the Radio Industry, which manufactures computers, does not equip them with input-output devices, with stand- ard programs, algorithms, or compilers for P-3600/3 Soviet Cybernetics:Recent algorithmic languages.Users must create News Items, No..3.Edited by W..B.. tk.-.;ir own.The best models operate relia- Holland..April 1967. y for several hundred hours, but-input- The April 1967 issue features a surveyof output devices break down nearly every research on automatic character recogni- day.Magnetic tapes are noninterchange- tion and text reading.A translated ar- a.ble, and information can be stored on 91 tape for no longer than a month. Other P-3600/10 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent ertieles describe the RITM and BESM-3M News Items, No. 10. Edited by W.B. coepnters, computer work in Armenia and Holland. November 1967. nomosibirsk, and the new Kiev Management The November 1967 issue features a 25-page Information system. Also included are an- article on the logical organization of the notated listings of relevant articles ap- VNI/EM-3 control computer. The issue also pearing in the Soviet Press in June 1967, includes articles on heuristic programming; eed some photographs. 94 pp. the Pattern Recognition Laboratory at
Novosibirsk; the Glushkov survey of man- , agement systems; the management system at' the Harnaul Radio Plant; and on the auto- P-3600/7 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent mation of national planning calculations Yews Items, No. 7. Edited by W. B. at the Ukraine GOSPLAN. This latter ar- Rolland.August 1967. ticle mentions problems caused by hardware This issue includes a translation of an shortcomings, unreliable tapes, slow in- anticybermetics polemic, nielom Does Cyber- put/output, lack of organized program ex- netics Serve?" published in the Soviet change, and shortages of programmers and Onion in 1953, a report on soviet Cyber- mathematical economists. The monthly sum- setics highlights for 1966, and articles mary of relevant press items reports that on problems of dialectics and logic in Moscow traffic is to be unjammed by sen- the development of an understanding of sor- and TV-controlled signals.' The pres- seders natural science and on cybernetics ent fiveyear plan calls for over '600 new ackimes of the future. Articles and automated management'control systems and photographs published in the soviet press 230 computer centers. 81 pp. during July are listed. 72 pp.
P-3600/11 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent P-3600/8 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent News Items, No. 11. Edited by W. B. N ews Items, no. 8. Edited by W. B. Holland. December 1967. Rolland. September 1967. The December issue features 50 pages on This issue features a series of articles the most important achievements in cyber- on problems confronting the computer in- netics, computer technology, power engi-. dustry in the Soviet Union. one of the neering, bioengineering, and mathematics major controversies is that between large, during 1966. Progress in computer medical self-supporting, multiple-user computer diagnosis for gastric disease, heart centers and smaller, self-contained disease, and cancer is reported. Other centers attached to individual plants and articles list the characteristics of Soviet e nterprises. Another is that of large computers, development of a nationwide' machines versus small machines. The is- production coding method, and new graphical sue also includes a report on an informa- data-handling devices. The Kiev Engi- tion retrieval conference and an article neering-Construction Institute is coordi- on the technical specifications of the nating a new annual collection of articles 8-20, 818811-35, 815R-4, and 1-220. 120 pp. on programmed instruction. The Ministry of Defense daily newspaper, Red Star, has been added to the Press Review section. 103 pp. P-3600/9 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent N ews Items, No. 9. Edited by W. B. Rolland. October 1967. The October issue features a 30-page arti- P-3600/12 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent cle by one of the world's leading cyber- News Items, No. 12, Index to Issues neticists, Academician V. M. Glushkov, on 1-11. _Edited by W. B. Holland; com- prospects for automating computer design. piled by J. J. Schneider, W. B. Holland. other articles and excerpts deal with 31 December 1967. Ukrainian computer usage, automation An index of subjects, personalities, or- levels and goals, and production history; ganizations, and hardware/software of the heuristics as a science; research person- 1967 issues of SC:RNI. A special index nel statistics. USSR and Latvia; announce- is included of material on the problems ment of the Nairi-2 computer;.design of and shortcomings in Soviet computing and the Avrora computer by the 1-20; an ad- related fields. An annotated bibliography vertisement for the Polish ODRA-1013; and of Rand publications on Soviet cybernetics an annotated listing of relevant items in and computer technology (16 items) is ap- the Soviet press during September 1967. pended. 60 pp. 96 pp. 92 P-3600/13 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent Information; automation of microcircuit News Items, No. 13. Edited by W. B. production, using the Kiev-67 unit. Brief- Holland. January 1968. ly described are the Syntax-1 electronic This issue features an article from Pravda: machine that checks computer programs for Cybernetics,-XXI.Centuryll by-V. M. Glush- errors, the M-3M computer, the new science kov., An article by K. Rudnev, Minister of-documentation, and what appears to be of Instrument Construction, Means of Auto- the first Soviet use of the light pen (for mation, and Control Systems, discusses the processing amplitude reoliation spectra). new system of planning and economic stimu- 72 pp. lation employing computer techniques for the compilation of optimal production plans. A 13-page article on programmed instruction, translated from the Ukrainian, P-3600/16 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent calls for application of PERT methods:and News Items, No. 16. -'Edited by P. L. for a Marxist-Leninist theory. The secre- Stephan. April 1968. tary of,the Scientific-Research Institute The April issue features (1)a detailed of Planning and Norms, A. Petrov, in aa description of the MiUsk-23 computer; article on the needs and--difficulties of (2) a critique of computer usage in 70 science management, urges that the Insti- higher educational institutions; (3) tute, coordinate all production management ;.;ost factors for the VNIIE11-3- production research (contradictory advice now comes control system, which runs to 662,000 to managers from half a dozen institute's). rubles overall; and (4) computer assist-. The Izvestiva Sunday Supplement, Nedelva, ance to researchers. Shorter articles has been addedYto_the Press Review sec- describe remote diagnosis of electro,- tion. 72 pp. cardiograms transmitted by telephone, with 95 percent accuracy:in myocardial infarction cases; the first automated system for producing TV sets;'feedback P-3600/14 Soviet,Cybernetics: Recent instruments for training 4thletes4.the News Items, No. 14.. Mdited by- W.A3. ATsS production control and management Holland. February 1368. system; publishing Activities of the A 32page article,- translated from the USSR Academy of Sciences; and a new . Ukrainian, covets the content, teaching method for automatic modeling. which uses and programming MethodS, and hardware of a multichannel self-teaching optimizer programmed:Instruction.HThe process is developed ut a Latvian institute.- 78 pp. modeledas a complex nonhomogeneous dis- crete Markov chain. Adaptiveteaching machines that respond to the student's entire instructional history-.-not just P-3600/17 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent the latest answerindividualize instruc-. News Items, No. 17. Edited by D. tion.,and save:muchtime The best way to McDonald. May 1968. cut costs:iSto transfer to the student Several articles in this issue discuss such funCtions aSchecking answers and how economic planning is hampered by short- searchingfor the nextbranch of a pro.- ages of computers, desk calculators and gram. Other ,articlesgive:statistiOs on abacuses, repairmen, and mathematical Russian stientificand technical organi-, economists, by lack of coordination, and zations;'describe theOkean hydrographic by the data problem. Econoxists and math- computerland a very Small ferrite diode ematicians spend too much time collecting control coMputer for tracking systems;: raw data. The Institute of Automation and comment on 4 lag-Au the applicationof op7 Remote Control found that 90 percent of timal industrial::plans;::describe ths,LatE data from the petroleum administrations via University COmputer'Center; predict was never used. An 11-page article de- the future of cybernetics; and disCusS, scribes the Ukrainian achievements in the cybernetics and troopcontrol theory. algorithmizaticn of complex production 95 pp. processes. Other articles discuss mag- netic elements in'computer engineering, cybernetics in agriculture, the ninth pneumohydroautomation conference, and the P-3600/15 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent institute'for designing research facili- News Items, No. 15. Edited by W. B. ties. Yuri Gagarin's forthcoming Psychol- Holland. March 1968. smy and Apace is excerpted. 55 pp. This issue features a long article on the ATSEMS-1 hybrid analog-digital computing system; research at the Belorussian Engi- neering Cybernetics Institute; programming P-3600/18 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent automation and new computer languages in News Items, No. 18. Edited by D. Estonia; computerized retrieval McDonald. June 1963. Estonia; computerized retrieval forlegal The feature article in this issue is a 93 19-page summary of the official guidelines laboratory of Moscow University. Ever-in- for designing intermittent-process control creasing production Of calculating:equip-7 systems. Also included is a translation ment still lags far behind demand, and of the illustrated brochure for the existing computers are often inefficiently Minsk-22 computer system, which has multi- used, due partly to lack of trained per- programming facility. Other articles sonnel. A number of econceic institutes report on Hungarian work on automation; do not even have punchcardequipmentand space tracking; a symposium on reliability It may be necessary for them to bUY equip- of complex man-machine systems; elections ment abroad. Each rubleintested in R&D to the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences; and adds 1.45 rubles to the national-Income, the USSR's first industrial character-read- compared With only 39 kopeks gain from ing device, which inputs 150 characters per ordinary capital investment. Several second with 1 error in 250,000 typed char- brief reports are incldded on (1)_ccinfer- acters. A reprint of a newspaper article ences on automata theory, on control Sys- discusses music composed by the "Ural-2" tems, on optimizing production and dis7 from programs compiled by Soviet mathema- tribution, And on the eathematization of tician Rudolph Zaripov. News excerpts in- knowledge; (2) the contributions of Ukrain- clude reports on the first automated coal ian eConomiSts; (3) the possibility of a extraction unit and on plans for a single, timesharing computer systed;(4) design- nationwide weather forecasting service. ing water supply net:workson the:mAVR 92 pp. analog computer;(5i the use of computers in education and statistical linguistiCS; (6) automated control syStems, partice7 larly in electrical poWer, Chemistry, and P-3600/19 Soviet Cybernetics: 11.4cent metallurgy;(7) chess and heuristic pro- News Items, No. 19. Edited by D. gramming. 88 pp.:: McDonald. July 1968.,' This issue features a 10-page technical article describing the automatic program- ming of hybrid computers via:the analog P-3600/21 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent unit, with a process control computer as News Items, No. 21. Edited by D. its partner. It ,also includes an inter- McDonald. September 1968. view with Academician Engineer-Admiral Three major articles are featured in this A. I. Berg, president of the Academy cy- issue: (1) A 14-page survey of data stor- bernetics council, who states that de- age devices discusses the field's history, fectless production is under way in over current trends, and future prospects._ 5000 enterprises with over 5 million (2) A 13-page article outlines resolutions workers, yet pedagogy is so defective adopted toward the development and intro- that 2 million out of 75 million students duction of computer technology in areas are left behind each year. Most pedagogi- of production, planning, accounting, and cal'operations can be done by simple, in- management by the Central Committee of expensive devices Made of substandard the Ukrainian SSR. (3) A 17-page trans- radio'parts. Other articles-provide in- lation of excerpts from a book on the formation on (1) specifications'of 15 organization and techniques of scientific digital computers;(2) an appeal from research deals,with dissertations. Other Poiand's deputy chairman for socialist brief articleS provide information on country cooperation in computer produc- computers designed by computers; use of tion and programming; (3)5 new computer cybernetic methods in military affairs; centers and automated factories; (4) optimization in space flights and game achievements of the'Armenian Power En- theory; measuring information systems gineering Institute; 15y workof 5 Baltic and biological analysors; high-speed com- cybernetics institutes;. (6) researchplans puters in physics research; large com-' of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences; (7) puter systems; information processing at use of computers in prospecting'for gold; Moscow's "frezer" plan (manufacturer of .(8) a computer: taught torecognize 50 cutting Instruments); the "Rita" system spOken wOrdS. 72 pp. for accounting and control; computers in military construction and building ma- terials industry; and reports from con- ferences on biological-psychological P-3600/20 Soviet cybernetics: Recent problems and on problems of the scien- News Items, No. 20. Edited by D. tific control of industry. 120 pp. (Cc) McDonald. August 1968. .. This issue features a 16-page survey of Soviet computer technology, as well as a number of other informative articles: A P-3600/22 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent computerized linguistic information sys- News Items, No.' 22.. Edited by D. tem is being developed at the new struc- McDonald. October 1968. tural typology and linguistical statistics Beginning this issue, comments are provided 94 on the context and signifiCance of articles. P-3600/24 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent October analyses highlight the continuing News Items, NO. 24. Edited by D. power struggle between central planners and McDonald. December 1968. the ministries of particular industries. This issue features an article on the re- That the balande is tipping toward ministe- organization of R&D efforts. Henceforth, rial control is indicated by an article on there must be a rational accounting for automated control of maChine-building and the work of research organization, their two articleS describing the plans of the operations will be subject to sets of Ministry of Bigher and Secondary Special- regulations, and they will be required ized EduCation for its own nationwide net- to produce on schedule and to stand be- work of computerized information centers. hind their work; in retnrn, a series of Continued emphasis oh PERT nnd CPB_methods incentives will reward the successful. is reflected In an article urging'a net- An artidle by Academician A. I. Berg, work planning And controlservice in.each dealing with the information explosion, scientific organizationYand another from points out the Serious implications of Red'Star Advocating mathematical Methods the paper shortage and a lack of:foreign foriCoMmandetS down to the company and language training. Other artic1e3 dis7 battalion 'level's", with exanples. General cuss the need for training in expe:-iment opinion.seemS to bp that OR' is useful only planning and for the information7consulta- at higher levels. An Unusual artiale tion centers, Computerized management of states that although nathemaiical methods trade and comaercejAilizing the theory cannoteXpress complex biological pro- of information measurement, the Annual cesses, it will Soon be possible to ex- Meeting of the Estonian Academy of press,the huMan psyche in: equations. Sciences, a sdrveyof the computer in- Bardware information includes the fact dustry in Czechoslovakia, the conversion that Poland is now the seCond Communist of scientifidjournalsto abstracting country producing cOmputers. 84 pp. (MW) publications,,the :results Of the Kaskad Production Controlsystem experiment, the Arkus HybridConputer, :the Asor72 Computer:for network: planning,.and the 2-3600/23 : Soviet Cybernetics: Recent need for centralized compUter,for account- News Items, Bo. 23. Edited by D. ants. 102 pp. (MJP) 'McDonald. November 1968. This'issue features excerpts from two arti- cles. The first diScusses the problem of negative social Consequences Of automation P-3600/25 Soviet Cybernetics: Recent in a sodialist economy.:Denying that auto- News Items, No. 25. Edited by D. mation is simply an extenSion of the indus- McDonald. 31 December 1968. trial revolution and that technicalrprog A seven-page summary of highlights of the ress has:only poSitive social Consequences, year's contents is followed by three de- the author,admits A high degree of scienti- tailed indexes, arranged by subject, by fic and technical progreSs in capitalist personality, and by organization. An countrieS and'introduces the thought that, annotated bibliography of 18 Rand publi- even under SocialiSmautOmation has: pro7 cations on Soviet cybernetics and compu- duced. negative social aspects.'The second ter technology is appended. 92 pp. (MW) article is a report Of:thegeneral meeting' of the JISSR:'Acadeliyof 'sciences, whidh /n- dicates.thatthe:C6untry's first,Ttime-shar7 ing sys,tem, 4sMowHOperating, but_that es- P-3606 Use of Multiple On-Line, sential researctLis being neglected be Time-Shared Computer Consoles la cause Of'fragmentecirespOnsibilityaiOng Simulation and Gaming. G. M. Northrop. the more thaM tenMi.n.iStries Concerned June 1967. with:machine;building.SOftware -problems A progress report on the interactive nse continue:as a focns.of attention.: .:Re7 , of on-line, time-shared JOSS computer con- search at the Academy CoMputing:Center soles in war gaming at Rand during the six emphasiZeS BESM.7.:,6:softwarewhich'liaS not T' months since publicly accessible files been completed-' when it is themain: Soft= were added to JOSS capabilities. By pro- ware effOrt Will:be2deiOtedto, titne*shart. gramming consoles to interrogate certain ing.Otherarticles'disOlissCybernetiCs files periodically, a crude but highly in criMinaliSticsitrendSin hetiork4lan7:.: serviceable realntime store7and-forward ningTand Contr0Iispadectaft trajeCtOrieSH communication'system is created. The sim- increasing .conpotoi efficiendlontrol ple JOSS programming language is perhaps ling groUp behaviOrliith drugsinutonatiOn the most important feature, since,it makes of:.inventorycontrOltwoteaching:ma it possible for.game players to,coatribute Chines, ind neOltechnIqueS,InCOMPuter to the inprovemeut of programming- When :12,4 the automated Tactical Air Control System simulation was exercised by five Army ROTC students, the Litton Digital Message 95 Entry Device (DMED) format proved too fined- Competitive pressures will be a rigid to cover all FAC information needed, paramount force in the increasing automa- and that the Fighter Duty Officer needs tion of engineering. 15 pp. Ref. three CRT displays: for PAC requests, aircraft status, and his own assignments of aircraft to missions. A text-only diplomatic message simulation and a P-3626 The Computer in Your Future. data-only sub-launched missile duel are W..H. Ware. Novenber 1967. also included. Teletype consoles (Type An expanded and popularized version of 33 and 35) can be used as JOSS consoles, P-3279, explaining present computers permitting participation, regardless of and computer programming procedure in location, through conventional teletype some detail as a background for predic- or dataphone connections. 66 pp. Ref-. tion of future developments, Such as the following: Computing power will be readily available, like telephone serv- ice. Computers 4111 be smallpowerful, P-3608 Statistical Considerations in inexpensive; easy to use, and will aCcept Computer Simulation Experiments. G. S. natural language and graphical input.
Fishman. May.1967. . Perhaps a broadband communication cable A tutorial given at a symposium.ovt thein- Will carry all:the information Services terface between computer science and sta- into each home and siokkPlace: tisti6S sponsored by UCLA Extension, The H video, facsimile newspaper, data trans- AmeriCan Statistical'Association-(Southern mission,: coiputing service. Design pro- California Chapter), and the Association totypes andpreliminari_ models will be for Computing Machinery (LosAkngeles Chap- replaced bycOmputer simulation:studies. ter)., February 1, 1967. This paper de-. The comPuter will touch man in every part scribes some fundamental statistical prob- of his life, modify his career, transfer lems that should be recognized at all blocks of jobs frem oneAnduetry to an- stages'of:a system simulation that is, or other, and force rapid and frequent contains, a:queueing netwOrk, sach as in- change apon him- Retraining and reedu- ventory models and job shop manufacturing cation will be the Way of :life for every- facilities. Such a simulation is the one except those retiring befOre 1972. generation:of stochast10 ProceSsea by 47pp,' Monte Carle methods.While zimulation languages such as SIESCRIPT: anUGPSS have been deireloped andrefined during the past decade, Very little work has been done in P-3641 The Systems Gap. P. Ammer. applying'statistical methodology to the August 1967. analySis of computer simulations. 7 pp. This paper was written as a guest editor- Ref. (See also RN-4880, RN-5288.) ial for the August 1967 issue of Datama- tion. It compares recent information with observations made in 1959 while the author was in the Soviet Union as a member of the P-3625 Soe Implications of Automated U.S. Computer Delegation. In spite of the Design on the Engineering Process. intelligence, vigor, and dedication of L. S. Hill. July 1967. Soviet computer specialists, the systems The use of computers in three categories gap between the U.S. and the USSR has not of engineering design operations: draw- been closed. Lack of a profit motive to ing, theory, and applications. The use provide incentive, as well as alternative of CRT displays for contemporary projects courses for creative individuals, and to is probably the most exciting development weed out incompetence is cited as the pri- in design automation. In theoretical de- mary cause of this failure. 8 pp. sign activities, preliminary design engi- neers may eventually use all aspects of computerized design as adjuncts to their work. At present, parts that can be de- P-3642 Social Implications of the fined mathematically can be designed by Computer Utility. P. Ammer. August means of.tbe computer. Applied to engi- neering computations, computers provide a As information, as a commodity, becomes means of refining a design by the constant inexpensive,,widely marketed, and readily testing and retesting of Certain elements. available with increased utility-like They decrease the possibility of concep- distribution of computing power, threats tual enrore in design by 'providing a capa- to privacy will arise in both public and bility for investigating aany alternative private sectors. A system of controls courses and the'use of simulation models. will be needed to strike, a 'balance be- Technological problems remain, however, tween the common good and the individual's and cost advantages are'hard to prove be- right to privacy. 16 pp. Ref. cause engineering cost records are 111-de- 96 P-3648 Data Automation Development overhead cost, as well as acceleration of and Systems Implementation--Some Prob- the design process. Even a good batch-mode lems and Conclusions. A. E. Wessel. program needs considerable redesign to re- August 1967. orient it toward interactive processing. A discussion of the problems involved in Emphasis should be on user language, pro- building an information processing system gram efficiency, and ease of extending helpful in planning and decisionmaking, models and considering alternatives. The and an example in the form of a JOSS pro- system designer should not attempt close gram for patent searching (retrieval by optimization, but. should build a flexible index terms). Operational requirements system. 12 pp. Refs. are difficult to state and are constantly Changing. System developers and computer manufacturers often talk decision theory but build administrative data flow and P-3661 The Dynamic Characteristics of control systems--not direct mancomputer Computer Programs. G. E. Bryan. Au- interaction for higher-level activities, gust 1967. such 'as patent examination. An example A discussion of ways to achieve more effi- of such an interactive system is the cient use of computing facilities. Sta- Rand-.U.S. Patent Office experimental sys- tistics gathered on actual program runs tem; which is implemented on JOSS. We at Rand demonstrate that substantial gains are just now inputting real patent num- are possible.through a multiplexed mode of bers and real index terms. The building operation. A major gain is the easing of of subject index term lists is one of the problems of storage allocation and second- reasons forthe experiment. 30 pp. ary storage utilization. 27 pp.
P-3656 The Computer-.-Heto or Villain? P-3685 Communication Policy I-sues for M. Greenberger. August 1967. the Coming Computer Utility. P. Baran. The computer has been praised as a boon May 1968. to civilization and damned as a despoiler An expanded version of P-3466 (which ap- of humanistic values; assessments of its peared in the Summer 1967 issue of Public capabilities range from "electronic brain" Interest) revised for computer system to "glorified slide rule." Today, reality personnel and users of time-shared com- lies a little left of center. Although puter systems. Remote time-sharing sys- the computer does not yet participate di- tems are very ill served by telephone sys- rectly in the.education process, it has tems designed for voice communication. In the potential to provide a mass of data, some computer utilities now under consider- such as performance statistics, that_if ation, communications account for more than properly anterpreted Cannot but improve half of the system cost. Present FCC regu- the instructional System. Prolific dom- lations prevent computer users or owners Puters as well,as prolific authors have from banding together on a time-sharing been blamed for the information explo- basis to concentrate their highly inter- sion, an explosion that'may soon be set- mittent traffic. Radio or microwave tled by a computerized information system. transmission promises great efficiency in Such a system would beas indispensable data transmission and very low costs, if to the research.worker. as the library is newer forms of signal processing such as today. Whether the computer becomes a spread spectrum are allowed and if-li- hero will be determined by the intelli- censing red tape can be reduced. The very gence man displays in its use. 16 pp. high channel use of a shared data link Ref.' provides a strong case in the competition 'for space on the frequency spectrum. Federal li6ensing of system personnel Should be considered,, to protect users' P-3660 Graphical.Aids toAerospace. privaCy- 24 pp. Vehicle MissiOn.AnalysiS. B. W. Boehm, October 1967: Graphic:ROCKET, aninteractivscomputer graphicS,SYsteM fOr'aerospaCe trajectory', P-3697 Cm the Problem of Directness analysiS,,4snOwbeing developed.It 4s in Computer Graphics. T. O. Ellis, an'adaptation, Of, RAND.I.s0WhibuS'Calculator' W. L. Sibley. March 1968. of KinematiCS:of,.Earth: TrajectorieS: A brief commentary on the Rand interactive -.GraphICRUC$ET. hastewer.btanches:, :An.:on7 man-compUter graphical system, designed to line .Usertanluaitto,See -theiresults of_ supplement the film, The GRAIL Proiect. basjirstrUn befOre specifyingvariations. The cathode-ray-tube screen is conceived By reducing the total nuMber of runs ie- as a common .working surface for both man guited, interactiVeoperatiOns can , provide and computer (the man writes or draws onto moreefficient.machine Usage, despite the it by writing or drawing on the associated 97 RAND Tablet surface). The CRT display P-3742 Curve Fitting and Editing Via must be updated every 30 or 40 milliseconds Interactive Graphics. A. S. Priver, to allow the user to keep his attention B. W. Hoch.. December 1967. fixed effortlessly on the screen while A brief description of an interactive interacting with his problem. The system computer graphical system that allows the depends heavily on veal-time symbol recog- user to enter a curve into an IBM 360/40 nition. Functions can be invoked by press- computer via a RAND Tablet and to try ing "virtual buttons"--that is, by pressing va6:ious ways of fitting, editing and dis- the equivalent spot on the Tablet--and playing the curve on an IBM 2250 display there is one hardware button to return the scope. The aim was to extend the analysis system to sign-in condition. The bulk of of multivariate functions described in the paper consists of sample CRT display RM-4639 from tabular to polynomial meth- formats. 19 pp. Ref. Bibliog. ods. Control is by the Tablet stylus ex- clusively, using software-sensitized areas for pointing and Groner's character recog- nition scheme (RM-5016) for alphanumeric P-3722 IGS--The Integrated Graphics inputs. (Presented at the /CM Symposium System for the S-C 4060. G. D. Brown. on Interactive Systems for Experimental November 1967. Applied Mathematics, Washington, August A description of the Integrated Graphics 1967.) 5 pp. Ref. System, a machine-independent package of FORTRAN subroutines which may be called from FORTRAN, COBOL, PL/1, or machine language programs to produce graphic out- P-3766 An Interactive Graphic System put on the S-C 4060. 1GS eliminates the for Curve Fitting and Editing. A. S. usual FORTRAN restriction that prevents Priver. September 1969. programmers from addressing a single char- Documentation without printout of a set acter directly. The GRAFPAC mode-set con- of computer graphic routines that allow a cept vas used: subroutines can be modi- user.to enter a curve into an IBM 360/40 fied without changing the program by sim- by tracing it on the RAND Tablet and inter- ply adding a footnote to the coding or actively to specify various ways of fit- specifying an option. 1GS accepts user ting, editing, and displaying the curve on coordinates and translates them internally an IBM 2250 scope, thus visualizing the into machine rasters (unless otherwise results of using certain methods in approx- specified). Special control characters . imation theory. Routines are provided to are provided for specifying typographical least-squares smooth the data in various characters beyond those on the usual key- ways and to compare the results with a punch. Users may also produce their own cubic spline (the smoothest of all twice fonts by specifying the vectors. Grids, continuously differentiable functions). linear or nonlinear on either axis, are The cubic spline curve, the least-squares automatically plotted. One subroutine polynomial curve, and the original hand- draws an entire graph with a single call. drawn data curve may be displayed separ- 14 pp. Ref. ately, together, or in pairs, with the system resealing the axes as needed. (The HIGH SPEED SPLINE FIT mode eliminates re- sealing.) Pointing the Tablet stylus at P-3734 Computer Simulation in Urban PUNCH DATA outputs a set of cards that Research. J. P. Crecine. November will recreate the display at any time. 1967. To conserve storage, certain small rou- Restricting the term "computer simulation^ tines are repeated under different names to models which are surrogates for (e.g., ENDPT and ENDPT2) rather than over- real-world urban processes, this paper laying them. 89 pp. (MW) discusses those developed for use in two major areas of emerging research: (1) urban growth, development, and spatial location;(2) local government decision- P"-3780 On the Future Computer Era: making. It also comAders two hybrid Modification of tIte American Character efforts aimed at simulating a synthesis and the Role of ttngineer, Or, A of economic, political, and administra- Little Caution in the Haste to Number. tive elements of an urban system. The P. Baran. October 1968. future in the area of decisionmaking ap- A warning that unintended but disastrous pears bright, since progress is being effects on society have resulted from im- made in the technology for translating proved and computerized recordkeeping, abstract ideas, concepts, and symbols owing to (1) the habit of limiting the into computer language. In the area of number of variables considered to those urban research, however, a lack of data easily quantified,(2) the tendency to is limiting development. 27 pp. use records and scores instead of judg- ment, and (3) the use of information to 98 maxieize private profit without regard danger of personal surveillanceelectron- to the damage inflicted by everybody do- ic snooping--depends largely on the com- ing this at once. Using computers, loan pleteness and centralization of records and insurance companies screen out the and the speed of transmission. Airline highest-risk groups. Fire or burglary reservation systems (which can include insurance cannot be obtained.in areas hotels, car rentals, etc.) are a present where business development is most needed. example of large amounts of current per- Many people are rendered uninsurable and/ sonal information instantly avialable. or unemployable on the basis of health, There is little sanctuary for economic education, or past failures or infractions privacy in a system where any sizable that former generations would have suc- cash transaction is conspicuous. Access cessfdlly concealed. Vhat future have to the files must be limited to a few the 40 percent of all urban youth (90 persons who can be trusted. 19 pp. Ref. percent Negro) who will have some brush (See also BM-5495, P-3642.) with the law, when an arrest record bars them forever?Those who understand tech- nology have an obligation to lift their eyes from minimizing subsystem costs and P-3838 GRAIL/GPSS: Graphic On-Line at least be an early warning system for Modeling. J. P. Haverty. June 1968. the rest of society. 14 pp. (MN) A status report on the RAND-developed ca- pability for interactive modeling of dy- namic syatems using the GPSS flowcharting technique on the GRAIL (Graphical Input P-3810 Block Programming in 0/S-360 Language) facilities. Analysts are dis- Assemnly Code. R. R. Balzer. Hay satisfied with the long lead time required 1968. to translate a proposed simulation from a A description of a block-programming logical flow diagram to a detailed set of facility that Rand has incorporated into computer instructions to be keypunched. the basic IBM-360 software. This new fa- These steps can be bypassed by working at cility alters the fora of the machine a GRAIL console, drawing on the RAND Tab- language enough to change the way pro- let and having the symbols recognized and grammers conceive of and code problems. displayed by the character recognition By means of a set of macros, users can program. Using the GRAIL/GPSS system in- write a program as a hierarchical set of creases the analyst's efficiency tenfold instruction blocks whose execution is to a hundredfold. GRAIL capabilities not controlled by conditional statements, yet incorporated include shrinking, en- thus providing, at the assembly code lev- largine, and moving geometric figures, el, the IF-THEN-ELSE facility of ALGOL and notitoring on-line execution of the and PL/I. Other conditional statements flow diagram. (Presented at an IBM Semi- can occur within an IF block.A format- nar on Operations Research in the Aero- ting program automatically indents the space Industry: Models in Planning and program listing to reflect its structure Control, Newport Beach, April 1968.) and provides headings for the beginning 14 pp. Refs. and end of each block, adding greatly to program readability and self-documenta- tion. Lines added by the program are immediately recognizable because the line P-3861 Simulation Programming Using numbers are suppressed, distinguishing SIMSCRIPT II. P. J. Kiviat. Septem- them from lines produced by the 0/S as- ber 1968. sembler. 9 pp. Description of a computer simulation of production and sales, designed to illus- trate as many as possible of the program- ming features of SIMSCRIPT II in a natural, P-3822 Privacy Aspects of the Cashless problem-oriented setting. The paper de- and checkless Society. Testimony Before scribes the system to be modeled; outlines the Senate Subcommittee on !dainistra- problems the model is designed to study tive Practice and Procedure. P. Ammer. (namely, to determine the number of ma- April 1968. chines needed to provide adequate customer A discussion of the problem of maintaining service); lists the complete SIMSCRIPT privacy in an age of computerized credit simulation program, well annotated; and transactions, and a proposal that some gives a set of typical data cards. The government agency be charged with the last section works through the program in responsibility for protecting citizens" some detail, explaining the syntax and privacy. Cost and convenience will ulti- semantics of the statements. 22 pp. nately force to use some form of inter- connected electronic payment and book- keeping network for most transactions, instead of checks and currency. The 99 P-3892 rhe 360/65: RANDIs Next Com- P-3903 Third-Generation Coe2uter puter. G. D. Brown. August 1968. Trends. B. W. Boehm. August 1968. A description of the IBM 360/65 computer A review of trends in computing. By 1975, system to be installed at BAND, and a due primarily to large-scale integrated definition of the terms used in third- circuitry, we may expect computers 200 generation computing. Time is measured times faster, 1000 times smaller, and 500 in nanoseconds--billionths of a second. times cheaper. Total U.S. computer power The basic storage unit is a byte (8 bits, will increase by a factor of 1000. How- 1 character). The CPU is 3 times as fast ever, the speed-versus-storage and effi- as our old 7044. Twice as much core stor- ciency-versusr-versatility tradeoffs will age will normally be available to each continue. Computer-systems are built and user, and more commands can be contained used with very little feedback, so that in a given amount of core. Most data there is very little systematic building sets (files) can be permanently mounted upon experience. When a study is made of on disk packs; disks are random-access, just how engineers are using computers, can be read twice as fast as tapes, and results may be unexpected. One company avoid rewinding. The change froa a 36- found its engineers using old designs bit to a 32-bit word means that single rather than new because programs were precision decimal arithmetic decreases available to analyze them. System engi- from 9 to 7.2 significant digits. Lan- neering techniques are seldom applied to guages available include COBOL, SIMSCRIPT the production of computer software. Such 1.5 and II, P1./1, RPG (Report Program Gen- an analysis of Rand's Graphic.ROCKET de- erator), MARK IV for file maintenance, JCL velopment resulted in POGO, a program that fc,r job control. There are two FORTRAN cut graphics control page development time compilers: a fast one with excellent diag- from days to hours. To design computer mostics for debugging, and a slow one that systems properly, it is necessary to learn produces efficient code. Multi-programming ;more about how men perceive, how they with time-slicing makes even I/O-bound jobs %.11ink, and how they create. 13 pp. Ref. like tape sorting economical. It also (Prepared for presentation at the 1968 supports the new interactive RAND Video Joint Engineering Management Conference Graphics System. 11 pp. in Philadelphia.)
P-3894 Computer Software: The Evolu- P-3940/7 The JOSS Newsletter: November tion within the Revolution. G. W. 1967-June 1971. S. Marks. July 1971. Armerding. July 1968. A final compilation of R4 issues of the As the cost of developing and maintaining JOSs Newsletter, which has been issued computer software approaches (perhaps, ex- monthly since November 1967 to users of ceeds) the cost of hardware, programs are JOSS. Rand's interactive, time-shared com- being recognized as salable and patentable puter system designed for the solution of items in their own right. The cooperative small rumerical problems. Although the spirit of the pioneers is giving way to Newsletter has been discontinued, the JOSS competition. Some management information system will continue to be used until ren- systems are being sold by software houses ovation is no longer practical. A final in competition with those offered free by version of the JOSS Program Library Catalog computer manufacturers. The trend will was issued in March 1971. Although no continue, and reckless competition is sure more JOSS programs will be abstracted, to come: every programmer is a potential the read-only protection of the library software entrepreneur.The evolution now files will still be available for JOSS taking place among those who write compu- programs offered to other users in Rand ter programs gives rise to the question of documentation or by personal communication. whether or not professional programmers This final edition of the NewSletter re- will disappear. People who "call" them- places previous editions of P-3940. selves programmers may begin to diminish, 157 pp. (mW) but the total of "realm programmers and others who perform functions that could be categorized as programming will increase. Special-purpose time-sharing systems are P-3977 GAPSS (Graphical Analysis Pro- evolving into general-purpose ones.In- cedures for System Simulation). T. E. creased performance, at lower cost per an- Bell. January 1969. swer, more than compensates for the over- A discussion of two types of computer head cost of software. However, the design graphics displays used to analyze data loop between hardware and software is not following simulations done in the GPSS solidly closed; feedback from programmers language. The results showed that the is inadequate. 14 pp. hybrid display showing changes over time (and utilizing a Gantt chart) was supe- rior to the display sequentially present- 100 ing individual states of a system. Addi- P-4019 Computers and the Delivery of tional general conclusions are that (1) Medical Care. E. C. DeLand,W. F. an analyst almost never views simulation Raub, R. W. Stacy,B. D. Waxman. Feb- data the right way on the first try; (2) ruary 1969. computer graphics helps an analyst 3den- The Introduction to gompattLa in Biomedi- tify relationships obscured by summary cal Research, Vol. III, evaluating'accom- statistics; (3) computer graphicS dis- plishments over a 3-,year period and pre- plays should be tested for usefulness by dicting areas for future emphasiS. Char- the people for whom they are designed. acteristics distinOishing recent computer 13 pp. Ret- (MJP) systems from those:in ihe past include increased complexity, flexibility, and capacity for improving health-care ser- vices. Work is being done to implement P-3998 The Tenth Rand Computing Sympo- present image processing techniques and, sium. Edited by F. J. Gruenberger. in addition, to 'promote computer-aided December 1968. instruction inj:egard to biaiiiedicine. In An edited and condenSed transcript of the the future, mathematical models combined Tenth Annual Computer Symposium held at The with graphic and flexible forms of data Rand Corporation, 13 November 1967. Sched- presentation:could become an integral Part uling the symposium one day prior to the of researCh hospitals monitored patient' Pall Joint.Computer Conference allows top wards and clinics, and basicreSearch men in the information-processing field to laboratories.; Interactive computer ter-, , contribute their time and talents. This minals and the:attendant central proces- transcript, edited from the original by sorsoftwarei will be'useful lor hospital each of the attendees, reflects serious but comMtinications, for moderhuilding and unprepared thoughts on the topic, "The hypothesistesting, 'for patient autoinier- Teaching of Computing." The questions dis- view, for:Perusing files of dataand cussed included the people to whom comput- for other tasks requiring the transfer or
ing should be taught; the grade leVel at analysis of data. 20 pp. (KB) ,r which computer education should begin; the training of programmers and of teachers of computing; and the advice that should be given to high schools, junior colleges, P-4208 On Limits in Computing Power. and trade schools to help them initiate W. H. Ware. October 1969. computer education programs. 114 pp. A paper presented at the 1969 Air Force (MJP) Academy Meteorological Technical Exchange Conference, on the fundamental physical limits to computer speed. Heat dissipa- tion is the most serious apparent-con- P-4014 A Graphic Capability for NARK straint. Switching cannot be faster. than IV. H. Casali, D. Cohen. January 1969. 10 (exp -11) sec because of cooling, or 10 Prospects of embedding MARK IV in SGS to (exp -15) sec because of indeterminancy- establish a usable on-line file manage- Present production devices switch at about ment system. SGS (Simultaneous Graphics 10 (exp -8) sec, so 100- to 1000-fold im- System) is a small time-sharing%sYstem that provement seems to be the limit--not enough supports six terminals, designed-to provide to handle complex environmental problems. remote access to an IBM 360 comp'uter using Beyond that we must look to multistream IBM 2260 graphic terminals. The user is (rather than serial) processing, as planned provided with a full range,of teXt-editing for Illiac IV. This may offer a 100-fold facilities and has the ability to add, de- increase (its builders hope for many hun- lete, or modify data in a file. In many dreds). If problems prove to be more applications, it is desirable to'separate parallel than we think, and if we push data into different files: JCL' statements technology to its limits, the overall im- for one, MARK IV requests for another. 'To provement could move toward 100,000-fold. test a MARK IV master file of registration Such a computer would require special fund- cards and three SGS data files, runs were ing, though probably less than a large initiated via the 2260 terminal to caia7. particle accelerator. 8 PP- Ow) logue the file definitions and,prepare a. series -of reports. ImProvements, in enter- ing formatted data need.to be_implemented.
Additional storage devices and reriote'con7- . P-4214 Testimony Before the Assembly soles, as well as conversion to:a multi' Statewide Information Policy Committee. programming system such as-OS/MNT:woUld W. H. Ware. October 1969. probably enhance the-capabilities of-the A statement before a State Assembly com- system. 8 pp. (KB) mittee on the problem of protecting com- puter information. The main policy issue is that of the invasion of privacy. The- computer-based files of information com- 'Irrat!tVr4!f.T:r.,,C,A,re.7rr,.I.I=!vr
101 piled for ease in checking credit do bene- questions that are 'nunreasonable." It fit the citizen, but nonetheless threaten is shown that a logical characterization him because of the current'lack of legal of permissible input queries is possible or industry controls on information dis- ana that this characterization can be semination.Technically, the problem is expressed in terms of machine-recogniz- one of lagging system-design expertise, able sufficient conditions- 32 pp. Ref. which would be alleviated through the (Author) stimulation provided by legal constraints. Self-policing among file operators is un- likely, and legal penalties may have to . be 'imposed in-the civilian sector similar 2-4313 Computer Aided Advanced Design to those for defense classified systems. and Performance of Airborne Vehicles. The high reliability in protecting cot-- J. R. Gebman. March 1970. puter-based file itformation in the de- Description of an operations research tool fense systems Is duo to a concerted effort for easily determining the gross design and to coordinate hardware, software, manage- performance parameters of almost any pro- ment, and physical protective schemes. posed airborne vehicle: a comprehensive Only this .combination could secure compu- system of computer routines, modularized ter systems in the civilian sector, as down to the level of basic analyses of fun- well. 7 pp: (EB) damental hardware components, and assembled into logical subsystems that are indepen- dent of vehicle Oonfiguration. A prototype FORTRAN IV implementation, including over 2-4221 The Parallel, Pipeline, and 130 subroutines, 18,000 IBM cards, and Conventional Computer. W. R. Graham. 17,000-element data bank, can be used by October 1969. employing only 10 or 20 cards. It com- Analysis of parallel and pipeline com- prises RuGSTS, for determining empirical puters, giving two quantitative bases for meight-estimating relationships through computer selection and program construc- multiple regression.analysis, and AIRSIS, tion: (1) the single stage and program for design and performance analysis. Pro- execution times required by the two types gramming a final version would probably bIt of machines, and (2)the single stage and too burdensome for any oee organization, complete program efficiencies. Comparison but the overall program is so arranged that shows that in execution time the results separate aerospace research groups could are mixed and it is possible for the ad- contribute their proved programs to make a vantage to shift between the two machines tool usable by all. (Intended for the MORS as the number of steps in a stage in- 1970 Symposium, the document consists creases. Program efficiency is expressed mainly of 0riefing charts.) 28 pp. (MW) as the ratio of the time required to exe- cute a program if the computer is operat- ing at unit efficiency to the actual exe- cution time. Conceptually new, the par- 2-4329 Computer Data Banks and Security allel computer is based on the idea that Controls. W. R. Ware. March 1970. two conventional machines can work at Guidelines for controls that protect pri- twice the rate of one. The pipeline proc- vacy of information within the computer and essor gains its edge on the conventional govern its divulgence to authorized users. machine by starting retrieval of a second Five technical safeguards are needed: (1) operand before the first result has been protection oi ceatral and demountable com- returned to the memory. 8 pp. (TC) pute.v storage media; (2) encrypticm or physical protection of the circuits; (3) computer hardware safeguards of the time- sharing system;(4) software safeguards to 2-4251 Logical Aspects of Ques- nouitor user access to files; and (5) ad- tion-Answering by Computer. J. L. ministratiwe'and management controls that Kuhns. December 1969. are security conscious. Government regu- The problem of computerized question-an- lation may be required to protect the pri- swering is considered from the point of vacy of persona/ files, since there is no view of relational logic. Three aspects data bank nindustryn or trade organization of the problem are defined and interre- for self-policing, and since the operator, latedtransforming natural-language ques- who is necessarily.profit-oriented, may tions into symbolic questions (retrieval not know ner care to what use his client prescriptions), structuring the file, vants to put the data. Consequently, safe- calculating value sets (answering the guards should be formulated before data question). An experimental program for banks Proliferato-widelY and without con- automatically producing symbolic questions trol. 12 pp. (MT) is explained. Finally, the.problem of calculating value sets is discussed. A key issue here is the identification of 102
P-4401 The Impact of Future Develop- wants reliable products more than new meats in Computer Technology. W. R. ideas. Reprogramming for third-generation Graham. June 1970. hardware has taught programmers to value. Compares the relative advantages of tvo compatibility--known in other fields as new computers, the University of Illinois' tradition and consistency. Old programming parallel-organized /LLIAC IV and the Con- languages never die; each new one gives trol Data Corporation's pipeline-organized programmers more to learn. In the future, STAR,. Both increase computing speed by programmers will spend less time coding their overall organization. The parallel new algorithms and more lime maintaining design drives many_Identical copies of the existing programs. Eighty percent of "their conventional computer's arithmetic unit time and effort willAoto the unexciting with only one control unit, which obtains, but necessary. tasks of checkout, documen- decodes, and issues instructions. The tation, and production engineering of pipeline processor starts retrieving a programs for usefulness. The gain in, second set of operands, located in memory quality meanS a loss in diversity,as adjacent to the first, before the first picturescue old-timers are replaced by result has been returned to the memory. sober computer science graduates more-
The STAR and an ILLIAC IV quadrant have like accountants. No economies ,of scale - comparable speeds for adding, though the are discernible. It remains true that ILLIAC forms a few sums more quickly. the fewer programiers working on a task, In multiplication, the ILLIAC is always the better'its chances for Success. 11 pp. faster. In division, the STAR is about (MW) twice as fast as the ILLIAC in finding a single quotient, but the ILLIAC is about 1.4 times faster in calculating a long sequence of quotients. 15 pp. (LC) P-4428 MAX: A FORTRAN Chess Player. J. J. Gillogly. July. 1970. Describes MAX, a chess-playing program written in standard FORTRAN IV that uses P-4410 Modeling Continuous Systems with a standard alpha-beta lookahead search of BIOMOD--A Preliminary Report. R. selected portions of the move tree. The Clark, G. F. Groner, R. A. Berman. program has played several complete games August 1970. and many incomplete ones between frequent Models a fluid reservoir system using the periods of major revisions; its quality current version of BIOMOD, an interactive of play ranges from poor to fair. 8 pp. computer-graphics system for biological Bibliog. (Author) modeling. The BIOMOD system features in- teraction with immediate feedback, hierar- chical model structuring, and user-oriented
model-definition languages. It operates on P-4446 . Evaluation and Innovation in an interactive graphics console comprising Urban Research. G. D. Brewer: August a CRT- screen, a RKND Tablet, and a-key- board. The user may draw block diagrams, Analyzes the methodology of computer-simu- handprint or type text, push displayed lation in the social sciences and its "buttons" to initiate certain actions, ,and ability to manage complexly organized sys- move labels. He may represent a model bY tems.' .The "in principle" arguments ad- a block diagram, each component of which vanced in support of-the method have been may be defined by another block diagram. insufficiently'tempered by honest ap- This facilitates devising complex models praisal of past "in practice" experience's. one portion at a time. When BIOMOD is kcontinuation of the'existing trends . completed, the user may define model com- could harm both the mdthod-and the pro- ponents by chemical equations, differential cesses of problemsolving, in a 'social con- equations, or data,curves, rather.than text.. An ,initial-problem is.the develop- having to translate his model description , ment of.an 'appraisal. function--.i.e., 'a7t into a conventional simulation language. series of 'questions or criteria against During model simulation, the user may dis- which' a ,cOmputer sidulation,aay be judged. play curves for different variables, The experiences,from 2 empirical-Contexts change scales, or alter simulation param- are related in efforts to constrUct:a so7., eters. 41 pp. Ref. (LC) called .policy-aSsisting,claSs-of simulation models. Deficiencies.in the appraisal included the vastly:different orientations of PaCticipants:interviewedsalesmanship, P-4417 Programming-The..Quiet Evolu- and varioUS,technical and:theoretical: tion. G. . Brown.;0 Jury 1970. ,shortComings.' '47 pp. (KB) .The, glamour, period 'of,prograiming is,over., Disenchanted by errors in,billing ancrbal- lot counting, and dissatisfied'withthe quality of computer output,Ahapublic .4 (V41. CI O. 103
P-4448 Comparing Behavior at various M. V. Vasilik. October 1970. Computer Display Consoles in Time-shared Demonstrates the usefulness of GERT simula- Legal Information. J. H. Carlisle. tion for modeling and evaluating policies September 1970. and processes in the area of test and An xperiment at Tale Law school in checkout (see GERT: Graphical Analysis and searching for legal precedents on the Head Review Technique, RM-4973). Some of the Data Central time-shared information re- latest developments and extensions to a trieval system. Subjects used either a GERT simulation program are employed to teletype or the complicated-to-use CcI model a test plan development process, a video console to access the 300,000,000 general test and checkout process, and character Ohio Bar Association data base. specific cases of the latter. (Presented The UCLA IMBED multiple discriminant at the Fourth Conference on Applications program was used to analyze the results. of Simulation, sponsored by AIIE, ACM, Contrary to expectations, subjects spent IEEE, SHARE, SCI, and TINS, in New York, more tise at the video console, despite December 1970.) 31 pp. Ref. (Author) the longer transmission time of the tele- type. Bore cases were retrieved and browsed at the video console, relevance scores were higher, and subjects were P-4503 Interactive Simulation of Con- more satisfied. Trolly also made 300 percent tinuous Systems: Progress and-Pros- more errors. Relevance correlated highly pects. G. A. Hekey, E. C. Deland. with number of cases retrieved and nega- January 1971. tively with tine spent searchingcontrary The development of a simulation system to the beliefs of systm designers who that would provide both the interactive, limit retrieval to save time. Those who user-oriented features of analog computers retrieeed least information took the long- and the precision, memory, and computing est time and achieved the lowest relevance power of the digital computer has been a =Ores. The negative relation between design objective for many years. This time aad relevance is even more marked paper reviews the background of present-day for the video console users. 46 pp. Ref. continuous systems simulation techniques, (NT) with emphasis on interactive, graphic-oriented systems. The state of the art is discussed, particularly as it concerns user convenience, interactive p4499-1 Bow To store It. B. Pox. features, the use of block diagram de- lamb 1971. scriptions, and graphic displays.DIOMOD, Storage layout for branch-and-bound al- a system recently developed for .simulation gorithms is discussed. A composite branch- of biological systems, is used as an.ex- ing rul, alternating between backtracking ample. Limitations of present-day systems and branching from the point corresponding and prospects for near-future development to the minimum bound, is recommended as are discussed. 21 pp. Ref. (Author) the best compromise between reducing storage and the number of iterations. pp. Ref. (Author) P-4532 Admatch, A Computer Tool for Urban Studies. A. H. Rosenthal. De- cember 1970. P-4469 Ono of 5C4060-Produced Hicro- Description of Admatch, a set of computer file Output in Pseudocolor Transforma- programs for matching geographic codes from tions. J. C. Lamar. September 1970. a reference file to local data records that A pseudocolor transformation is produced contain house addresses. The geographic when each discrete density level in an codes may include zip codes, census tracts, original, coatinuous-tone, black-and-white congressional districts, and marketing isage is represented as a different spec- areas. Admatch requires two machine-read- trig/ hue in the transformation. The SC4060 able files: a local data file and a ref- has been employed to produce microfilm erence file. The preprocessing program output for sop in 2 pseudocolor processes uses expandable tables that allow varia- that have beea developed at nand. This tions in street name configurations or paper discusses the computer programs and alternative spellings of street or street teehnigues for producing specific density type. The matcher program specifies the levels in the film and the pseudecolor level of disczepancy that can exist between processes using the film. 10 pp. Ref. the Deference file and the data file and (Authoc) srLiil permit the record for the data file to be matched. The postprocessor program combines rejects from the preprocessing step with the accepted records from the P-4486 A Stochastic Network Approach matching step. Discussion covers the role to Test and Chckout. L. J. Tatters, that Rand has played in testing and de- 0 104 veloping the Admatch Programs, defines the ory, LCS, which requires 8 times as many equipment, and forecasts applications to processor cycles for a given job as core urban studies. 13 pp. (KB) storage. The new fixed initiators, which take less than 100 bytes of nonresident memory, have exceeded expectations in managing 3 access speeds of storage, while P-4536-1 The Use of Computer System guaranteeing on-line access and protecting Accounting Data To Measure the Effect batch jobs from accidentally executing at of a System Modification. R. A. Watson. low speed. Certain regions of memory too March 1971. small for user tasks are left unfenced, to Nearly all computer systems in operation provide for operation aids and batch are equipped with an accounting system readers and writers. The bulk of the paper that records the computer resources used lists the modified control sections. by each job processed. These data, al- 106 pp. (MW) though having a great potential for use in the measurement and evaluation of com- puter system performance, are seldom used for anything other than charging for com- P-4600. Instructional Uses of the Com- puter services used. This paper discusses puter in-Higher Education. R.,E.. techniques for reducing and analyzing ac- Levien. March 1971. counting data to use in measuring the ef- Some conclusions about developments in the fect of a system modification. Two dif- computer's capabilities.and costs; methods ferent methods are used in analyzing the of providing,computer Service and instruc- data, both involving the use of statistical tional materials;.and effects .k higher analysis. One method uses regression education. Two major trends hold special analysis while the other method uses promise: the development Of large, cen- cluster analysis. 15 pp. (Author) tralized computing facilities shared by customers; and the creation of inexpensive minicomputers, using an exchangeableme- dium such as magnetic tape cassettes. P-4581 Potential Uses of the Computer These could provide a market for computer- in Criminal Courts.P.-W. Greenwood. based instructional materials; such a February 1971. market is critical in achieving thede- The computer is often touted as the poten- sirable level of computer use in instruc- tial savior of organizations finding them- tion. National policy should see that selves inundated by paperwork--a position . access to the computer is, possible wherever in which-the courts find themselves today. its use is cost-effective, and that its Some exaMples of information systems for use is refined and'improved to broaden' court ase are presented that illustrate the range Of instructional Value. The various levels of man-computer interaAion federal government should support (1) in the decisionmaking process. A propoSal R&D on hardware and software, including for experimenting with videotape and com- terminals, minicoiputers,.and intercomputer puters to solve many of the nroblemsas- communications;(2) development of in- sociated with long trials is also described. structional materials;(3) computer ex- Its chief benefits would be a large reduc- periments; and (4) consideration of com- tion in time required of jurors for-each puter requirements in copyright and patent trial and a tremendous cost saving for lawS,and communications industry regula- retrials. Problems of living with the com- tions. 20 pp. (SM) puter are also discussed, along with advice on how to avoid these problems.: ,(Presented at a Chief Judges and Court Administration Conference sponsored by the National College P-4629 A Selective BibliOgraphy of: of State Trial Judges, Williamsburg, Vir- Computer ,Graphics. ginia, February 1971.) 11-Tp. '(Author) April 1971. An'unannotated'liSting of recent books, articles, thesesii papers, andreportSfon Selected aSpeCts,:of computerAraphids,and P-4585 Computer Memory Management at filts illuStrating cotputer gaphiCs re7 Rand. A. C. Shetler,, S. Glaseman. search:and ApplicationSH Items are listed May 1971. byHfirst author mentioned,,underthese Describes and lists some relatively.simple headingd: general;(2) graphics ap- modifications to the initiator of Rand's plications; A3) Oomputeraided. design;,- 360/65 computer software that enable the ((4) animation teChniquds;(5)' cotputer- Rand Computation Center to run batch jobs generated graphic art6) graphics lan- at one high speed while running'on-line guages and:Subroutine packageS;(7) graphic and remote entry jobs in 2 kinds of text manipulation, programming, and de- low-speed memory. The change became 'neces- bugging; (8)list and ring Aata'structures; sary with the addition.of the slowestmem-.4fl0049) data structures,for,associative access;
. . 105
(10) picture languages and grammars; (11) messages, packing or unpacking repeated projections and transformations;(12) hid- symbol strings, inserting message counters den line elimination and surface shading; and flags, transposing data fields, and (13) hardware; and (14) films. Not in- reformatting files. The syntax and seman- cluded are image processing and enhance- tics of the network connection module and ment, or pattern recognition or character the "Form Machine" are described. The recognition by other than linguistic means. Form Machine is a module that accepts and 34 pp. (MW) applies the definitions of data reconfig- urations (forms). 23 pp. Ref. Bibliog. (MR) P-4640 Institutions, Innoiration, and Incentives. R. E. Levien. May 1971. A discussion of the importance of achieving P-4684 Computers In Society's Future. effective innovation in computer-assisted W. H. Ware. August 1971: instruction.. keaningful innovation can be A discussion' of some of the problems and accomplished only by changing the system effects ofcomputer information Systems --that is, by changing not only the technol- relative to society. Although society's: ogy, but also the institutions and persons size and complexity-demand computerized involved. The author presents 2 case his- recordkeeping,' the opportunities for mali- tories: design of the proposed National cious misuse of personal infornation--or Institute of Education, supporting creation for spreading misinformation--are increasing of an RED base for educational innovatiOn; as more and more dossierS exchange informa- and design of the system of institutions tion automatically. Some medical informa- and technology needed to make instructional tion gets into data systems:- There is no use of he computer in.higher education legal frameliork to protect the individual, truly effective. To.achieve innovation, to.fix liability for leaks, or to provide one must plan institutions to encourage for award, of damages, although the U.S. and facilitate it, paying Careful attention Pair Credit.Reporting Act is a start. We to financial incentives. Instructional de not yet understand how to design or test Use of computers today has a cottage-in- systems that protect the information. they dustry character. Two trends may change -contain, and often do not use the protec- this situation: commercial timeshared tive mechanisms we do know about. The prob- computer service and cheap, standardized lem is real, the urgency is great, and mini-conputers programmed through an ex- action is needed nom. 9 pp. (See also changeable medium such as a cassette. P-4329.) (MW) Change would require the concerted efforts of higher educational institutions, time- sharing industries, publishers, and the government..15 pp, jlef. (SM) 134693 The Probable State of.Computer Technology by 1980,:with Some Implica7 .tions for Education. Y. W. Blackwell.: P-4673 The Data Reconfiguration Ser- September 1971. vice--An Experiment in Adaptable, Pro- Reviews significunt computing developments cess/Process Communication. R. H. that will probably be in common use:by Anderson, V. Cerf, E. F. Harslem, J. F. 1980L -.Large computers--meaning fast and Heafner, J. Madden, H. Metcalfe, A. powerful, but not physically'aarge--and Shoshani, J. P. White, D. Wood. July minicoMputers that May be the size of, 1971. todars portable radioS will both contrib- Describes the Data Reconfiguration Service ute-tOthe feasibility ofindividualized now being implemented at MIT, UCLA, UCSB computet-assisted instxuction4 the,formerH and Rand for the ARPA computing network. throUgh.multiprogramMing'And switchable: In this nationwide experimental network, microprograMS-Rhile,childtek should widely separated computers of different probablyA.eutOte type, exCessive reliance
makes, models, sizes, speeds, hardware, : on Icelboard:Input will be reduced by and software are interconnected via .qraPhidsterminals.-Spoken input :will store-and-forvard switching by small spe- probably nOt:bewidespread by 1980,-::wt- cial-purpose computers called Interface acces-s:tb computerS:Viasimple ftiglish Message Processors that route traffic vritteOCOMmandsshoUld be:routine:: Joro- adaptively over leased lines. Participants grams SloUld be:aSuccesSible aS :.books !axe can remotely access programs, data, and now. Conputing,netvorkS,ShouldbeComieni. unique hardware facilities anywhere in the :linking smalllocaLcomputers to larger system. The DRS is designed to overcome Aistantmachinep.. IMprOved C9nnnniC4tion the hardwaze and software incompatibilities 'llks,:probablyincludiug tsioVaT:.cable by automatically performing needed data TV,,:da.n_bring:equalcomPuter Opportunity manipulations, such as converting character toteachers:, :stUdents", and,adminkstraters- sets and graphic codes, adding or deleting of All schools--if economic::And institu 106 tional barriers can be overcome. 10 pp- of supetcomputers. Theoretically, speed Ref. (MW) could be significantly increased by repre- senting nuMbers in remainder or residu& fOrm rather than in conventional positional notation, but 'practical cotsiderations P-4710 Limits in Computing Power. hinder suth procedures.CPilutilization, W. H. Ware. October 1971. typically about 50% to 60%, could be in- Digital computer performaace speed has creased With multistream or pipeline pro- increased by about 8 orders of magnitude cessing.- The small size and denpe pack- since .computerp were invented in the 1930s. aging necessary to fast computerp are.in- However, such large, compAex 'problems as coneistent With heat disSipatioa, bUt'the high-esolution image processing and models size and deasity limitp,have not neen even of atmospheric behaviot.will requite even approached. cbmputere 100e_or even 10,000 faster.operation. This paper estimates times faster than the hest machines tOdaT potential computer speed's, identifies the are poesikle.. SUch a Machine would:he of principles of physics that will ultimately enormOus value to Society. 21 :p.p. Ref, limit thei, and discusses the social value (LC) 5 Bibliography:SB-1036
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11=111426 661 551 2.00
P..' 8441 .,657 32c .50 658 249 1.00 65P 005 2 .00
44,1145(4 657 1112 1 00
14...3101440 0159 352 1
1P-34041. 614 419 2,00
P14411 0 1 00
11-i-811 7
IP= lrn 662 008 s. 0147A 6623 200
114, 1742 663 228 IN, 094 691 9:11 1
IPE, 044 67, 194 1 00 1 6 -- -
Quantity Publication AD Number* Cost** Total Cost
P-3810 670 503 .50
P-3822 669 071 1.00
P-3838 671 917 1.00
P-3861 674 772 1.00
P-3892 673 827 1.00
P-3894 673 333 1.00
P-3903 673 830 1.00
P-3940/7 4.00
P-3977 682 950 1.00
P-3998 4.00
P-4014 681 108 .50
P-4019 682 952 1.00
P-4208 694 745 .50 - P-4214 695 759 .50
P-42:z! 696 109 .50
r 1#25 698 185 2.00
4'13 704 133 2.00
. P-4329 703 281 1.00
P-4401 710 262 1.00
P-4410 711 034 2.00
-4417 709 536 1.00
P-4428 710 574 .50
P-4446 711 734 2.00
P-4448 712 695 2.00
P-4459-1 713 617 .50
P-4465 713 901 .50
P-4486 2.00
P-4503 1.00
P-4532 1.00
1.00 . P-4536-1
P-4581 1.00
P-4585 4.00
P-4600 1.00 _ P-4629 2.00 117 ",.'711$ -,-"rarvams.xvve.v,rvottlarzr.
Quantity Publication AD Number* Cost** Total Cost
P-4640 1.00
P-4673 1 00
P-4684 .50
P-4693 50
P-4710 1.00