Great Swamp FUi.sSh. F&is Wh i&ld Wlifiel dSliefrev iScee rvice National Wildlife Refuge 241 Pleasant Plains Road Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 Great Swamp 973/425 1222 973/425 7309 FAX www.fws.gov/northeast/greatswamp National Wildlife Federal Relay Service Refuge for the deaf and hard-of-hearing 1 800/877 8339

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Birds 1 800/344 WILD http://www.fws.gov September 2009

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Great blue heron Steve Byland This brochure lists 223 species of birds that one may possibly encounter at the Great Swamp and was revised in 2009 by William Boyle and Steve Byland. This list is in accordance with the Seventh American Ornithologist’s Union Checklist, as amended.

Most birds are migratory, therefore their seasonal occurrence is coded as follows:

Season Sp Spring March – May S Summer June – August F Fall September – November W Winter December – February

Relative Abundance a abundant a species which is very numerous c common likely to be seen or heard in suitable habitat u uncommon present, but not certain to be seen o occasional seen only a few times during the season r rare may be present, but not every year

Habitat Types (H) f Forest, woodlands, thickets w Wetlands (includes all bodies of water and marshes) m Meadows, fields

• Birds known to nest on or near the refuge. S (I) - Introduced species W F

S Italics indicate state threatened / endangered species. U /

e As of printing, no federally listed T&E species inhabit c n i

r the refuge. P

s e m a J Wood duck (male) Sp SFW H

Swans, Geese and Ducks Introduction The Great Swamp National Wildlife ___• Canada Goose ______a a a a w/m Refuge contains over 7,735 acres of ___• Mute Swan (I) ______o o o r w/m hardwood swamp, upland timber, ___• Wood Duck ______a a a u w/f marsh and open water, brush and ___ Gadwall ______u r u o w grassland. This diverse habitat ___ American Wigeon ______u r c o w/m attracts a wide variety of birds. This blue goose, designed ___• American Black Duck ______c u c c w by J.N. “Ding” Darling, ___• Mallard ______a a a a w/m has become the symbol of ___• Blue-winged Teal ______u u u w/m the National Wildlife Refuge System. ___ Northern Shoveler ______o r o r w ___ Northern Pintail ______u r c u w Sp SFW H Sp SFW H

___•Green-winged Teal ______c r c u w/m ___ Little Blue Heron ______o o o w ___ Canvasback ______r r r w ___ Cattle Egret ______r r r w/m ___ Ring-necked Duck ______c u o w ___•Green Heron ______c c c w ___ Bufflehead ______r r r w ___ Common Goldeneye ______r r w ___ Black-crowned Night-Heron _o r o w ___•Hooded Merganser ______u u u o w ___ Yellow-crowned Night-Heron _r r w ___ Common Merganser ______r r w ___ Red-breasted Merganser ___ r w Ibises ___ Ruddy Duck ______r r w ___ Glossy Ibis ______r r r w/m

Gallinaceous Birds New World Vultures ___•Wild Turkey ______c c c c m/f ___ Black Vulture ______c c c c f/m/w ___ Turkey Vulture ______c c c c f/m/w Loons ___ Common Loon ______u r w Osprey, Kites, Hawks and Eagles ___ Osprey ______u u w/f Grebes ___ Bald Eagle ______o o o o w/f/m ___ Pied-billed Grebe ______u r o r w ___ Northern Harrier ______c r c c w/m ___ Horned Grebe ______r w ___ Sharp-shinned Hawk ______u c u f/m Cormorants ___•Cooper’s Hawk ______u u c u f/m ___ Double-crested Cormorant __ o o w ___ Northern Goshawk ______r r f/m ___•Red-shouldered Hawk _____ u u u o f/m Bitterns, Herons and Egrets ___•Broad-winged Hawk ______u o u f/m ___•American Bittern ______u u u r w ___•Red-tailed Hawk ______c u c c f/m/w ___•Least Bittern ______u u u w ___ Rough-legged Hawk ______r r o m/w/f ___•Great Blue Heron ______c c c u w ___ Golden Eagle ______r r m/w/f ___ Great Egret ______o o o r w/m ___ Snowy Egret ______r r r w/m Falcons and Caracaras ___•American Kestrel ______u u u r m/f ___ Merlin ______o o r m/f ___ Peregrine Falcon ______r r w/m/f

Rails ___•King Rail ______o o o w ___•Virginia Rail ______c c c r w ___•Sora ______u u u r w ___•Common Moorhen ______u u u w S

W ___ American Coot ______u u r w F S U / e

b Plovers a C

c ___ Semipalmated Plover ______o w M

m ___•Killdeer ______c c c o m/w i T Hooded merganser (male) Sp SFW H Sp SFW H

Sandpipers and Phalaropes Swifts ___ Greater Yellowlegs ______u u u w/m ___•Chimney Swift ______c c c m ___ Lesser Yellowlegs ______u o u w/m ___ Solitary Sandpiper ______c u u w/m Hummingbirds ___•Ruby-throated Hummingbird uuu m/f ___•Spotted Sandpiper ______c u u w ___ Upland Sandpiper ______r m Kingfishers ___ Semipalmated Sandpiper ____ o o o w/m ___•Belted Kingfisher ______c c c u w ___ Least Sandpiper ______u u o w/m ___ Pectoral Sandpiper ______u u u w/m Woodpeckers ___ Dunlin ______r w ___•Red-headed Woodpecker ____ o o o u f ___ Short-billed Dowitcher ______r r w ___•Red-bellied Woodpecker ____ c c c c f ___•Wilson’s Snipe ______a r c o w/m ___ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker ____ u u r f ___•American Woodcock ______a c a o f/m/w ___•Downy Woodpecker ______c c c c f ___•Hairy Woodpecker ______u u u u f Skuas, Jaegers, Gulls and Terns ___•Northern Flicker ______c c c u f ___ Bonaparte’s Gull ______r w ___•Pileated Woodpecker ______o o o o f ___ Ring-billed Gull ______u u c w/m ___ Herring Gull ______o o o u w/m ___ Great Black-backed Gull ____ o u w/m

Pigeons and Doves ___•Rock Dove (I) ______u u u u m ___•Mourning Dove ______a a a a m/f

Cuckoos and Anis ___•Black-billed Cuckoo ______u u o f ___•Yellow-billed Cuckoo ______u u o f

Barn Owls ___ Barn Owl ______o o o o m/f

Typical Owls ___•Eastern Screech-Owl ______c c c c f ___•Great Horned Owl ______c c c c f ___•Barred Owl ______u u u u f ___ Long-eared Owl ______o o o f

___ Short-eared Owl ______r r m/w S W F

___ Northern Saw-whet Owl ____ r r r f S U / e k n Nightjars e M

e

___ Common Nighthawk ______u u c f/m v a D Red-headed woodpecker Sp SFW H Larks ___ Horned Lark ______r r r m

Swallows ___•Purple Martin ______u u m/w

S ___•Tree Swallow ______a a a r m/w W

F ___•Northern Rough-winged S U / Swallow ______u c u m/w e k n

e ___ Bank Swallow ______u u u m/w M

e ___ Cliff Swallow ______u m/w v a

D ___•Barn Swallow ______c c c m/w American kestrel (male) Titmice and Chickadees Sp SFW H ___•Black-capped Chickadee ____ a a a a f Tyrant Flycatchers ___•Tufted Titmouse ______a a a a f ___ Olive-sided Flycatcher ______o r o f ___•Eastern Wood-Pewee ______c c c f ___ Yellow-bellied Flycatcher ____ o r o f/w ___•Acadian Flycatcher ______o o f ___•Alder Flycatcher ______o o o f ___•Willow Flycatcher ______c c c m/f ___•Least Flycatcher ______u u o f ___•Eastern Phoebe ______c c c r m/f ___•Great Crested Flycatcher ___ c c c f ___•Eastern Kingbird ______c c c m/f

Shrikes ___ Northern Shrike ______r r r m/f ___ Loggerhead Shrike ______r m/f

Vireos ___•White-eyed Vireo ______u u u f ___•Yellow-throated Vireo ______u u u f ___ Blue-headed Vireo ______c u f ___•Warbling Vireo ______c u r f ___ Philadelphia Vireo ______o f

___•Red-eyed Vireo ______c c c f S W F S U /

Crows, Jays and Magpies t s r

___•Blue Jay ______a a a a f u h w ___•American Crow ______a a a a f e D

a

___•Fish Crow ______u o u o f/m n n o

___ Common Raven ______r r r r f D Black-capped chickadee Sp SFW H Sp SFW H Nuthatches Thrushes ___ Red-breasted Nuthatch _____ o o u o f ___•Eastern Bluebird ______c c c c f/m ___•White-breasted Nuthatch ___ c c c c f ___•Veery ______c c c f ___ Gray-cheeked Thrush ______u o f Creepers ___ Bicknell’s Thrush ______u o f ___•Brown Creeper ______u u u u f ___ Swainson’s Thrush ______u u f ___ Hermit Thrush ______c c o f Wrens ___•Wood Thrush ______c c c f ___•Carolina Wren ______c c c c f ___•American Robin ______a a a u f/m ___•House Wren ______c a c f ___ Winter Wren ______u u u f Mimic Thrushes ___•Marsh Wren ______c c c r w ___•Gray Catbird ______a a a r f ___•Northern Mockingbird ______c c c c f/m Kinglets ___•Brown Thrasher ______c c c r f ___ Golden-crowned Kinglet ____ c c u f ___ Ruby-crowned Kinglet ______c c o f Starlings ___•European Starling (I) ______a a a a f/m/w Old World Warblers ___•Blue-gray Gnatcatcher ______c c u f Wagtails and Pipits ___ American Pipit ______u u m/w

Waxwings ___•Cedar Waxwing ______c u c u f

Wood Warblers ___•Blue-winged Warbler ______c c c f ___ Golden-winged Warbler _____ o f ___ Tennessee Warbler ______u o u f ___ Nashville Warbler ______u u f ___ Northern Parula ______c o c f ___•Yellow Warbler ______a a u f/w ___•Chestnut-sided Warbler _____ c o c f ___ Magnolia Warbler ______c o c f ___ Cape May Warbler ______u o u f ___ Black-throated Blue Warbler coc f ___ Yellow-rumped Warbler _____ a a u f ___ Black-throated Green Warbler coc f ___ Blackburnian Warbler ______u o u f ___ Yellow-throated Warbler ____ r f ___ Pine Warbler ______u o f d n a

l ___ Prairie Warbler ______o f y B ___ Palm Warbler ______c u f e v e t ___ Bay-breasted Warbler ______u o u f S © ___ Blackpoll Warbler ______c o c f Eastern bluebird (male) Sp SFW H ___ Cerulean Warbler ______o r f ___•Black-and-white Warbler ____ c c c f ___•American Redstart ______c c c f ___•Prothonotary Warbler ______o o r f/w ___ Worm-eating Warbler ______u o f ___•Ovenbird ______c c c f ___•Northern Waterthrush ______c u u f/w ___•Louisiana Waterthrush _____ u o o f/w ___ Kentucky Warbler ______o r f ___ Connecticut Warbler ______o f/w S

___ Mourning Warbler ______u o o f/w W F S

___•Common Yellowthroat ______a a a r f/w U / y r ___ Hooded Warbler ______o o f t n e G

___ Wilson’s Warbler ______u u f e g r

___ Canada Warbler ______c r c f o e ___•Yellow-breasted Chat ______o o o f/m G Red-winged blackbird (male) Tanagers Sp SFW H ___•Scarlet Tanager ______c c c f Blackbirds and Orioles Sparrows and Towhees ___•Bobolink ______u u u m ___•Eastern Towhee ______a a a r f ___•Red-winged Blackbird ______a a a u f/m/w ___ American Tree Sparrow _____ c c c f/m ___•Eastern Meadowlark ______u u u o m ___•Chipping Sparrow ______c c c r f/m ___ Rusty Blackbird ______c c u f/w ___•Field Sparrow ______c c c u m/f ___•Common Grackle ______a c a u f/m ___ Vesper Sparrow ______o r o r m/f ___•Brown-headed Cowbird _____ c c c o f/m ___ Savannah Sparrow ______u u r m/f ___•Orchard Oriole ______u u m/f ___ Grasshopper Sparrow ______r r m ___•Baltimore Oriole ______c c c f ___ Fox Sparrow ______u u o f ___•Song Sparrow ______a a a c f/m Finches ___ Lincoln’s Sparrow ______o u m/w ___ Purple Finch ______u u u f ___•Swamp Sparrow ______a a a u w/m ___•House Finch ______c c c c f ___ White-throated Sparrow ____ c c c f ___ Red Crossbill ______r r f ___ White-crowned Sparrow ____ o o f ___ White-winged Crossbill _____ r r f ___ Dark-eyed Junco ______c c c f ___ Common Redpoll ______r r r f ___ Snow Bunting ______r r m ___ Pine Siskin ______o o o f ___•American Goldfinch ______a a c c f Cardinals, Grosbeaks and Allies ___ Evening Grosbeak ______r r r f ___•Northern Cardinal ______c c c c f ___•Rose-breasted Grosbeak ____ c c c f Old World Sparrows ___•Indigo Bunting ______u u u f/m ___•House Sparrow (I) ______c c c c f NOTES

Location ______S

W Date ______Time ______F S U / i k

s Observers ______w o l s a Weather ______M

e v e t

S ______Wild turkeys (males) ______Accidentals The following species have been seen only once or twice on ______the refuge: Greater White-fronted Goose ______Brant Tundra Swan ______Redhead ______Lesser Scaup White Ibis ______Ring-necked Pheasant (I) Sandhill Crane ______Yellow Rail Black Rail ______Ruff ______Snowy Owl Laughing Gull ______Lesser Black-backed Gull Black Tern ______Monk Parakeet (I) ______Chuck-will’s-widow Whip-poor-will ______Varied Thrush Bohemian Waxwing ______Summer Tanager ______Le Conte’s Sparrow Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow ______Blue Grosbeak Yellow-headed Blackbird ______

Extirpated ______Ruffed Grouse ______Northern Bobwhite Sedge Wren ______Henslow Sparrow