Invasive Birds

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INVASIVE BIRDS European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Starlings were released in New York City in the 1890's by Shakespeare enthusiasts and have since spread to Alaska (Kessel 1979). European Starlings are now among the continent’s most numerous songbirds. Starlings compete with native birds for nest sites and may evict other birds from cavities and destroy the eggs and nest (Kessel 1979, Koenig 2003, Barndt 2006). The degree of detrimental impact from competition and eviction of native species is often predicted as relatively high; however, several scientific studies have shown these activities have little effect on the survival and abundance of native birds (Koenig 2003, Barndt 2006). Since Starlings do not appear to be causing significant declines in native bird densities and are found in disturbed habitats, efforts to control this species may be a lower priority than other invasives (Koenig 2003). Starlings can carry many diseases and parasites, whenever, their importance as vectors to other animals is unknown (Cabe 1993). Rock Dove (Columba livia) Rock doves were introduced to the United States as pets but quickly adapted to urban conditions. The largest concern is that rock doves carry a variety of parasites and pathogens that could suppress the health of native birds in Alaska. It is less likely that rock doves will transmit diseases to humans. The Rock Dove is native to western and southern Europe, North Africa, and south Asia. Its domesticated form has been widely introduced elsewhere, and is common, especially in cities, over much of the world. Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) This chunky relative of the Mourning Dove gets its name from the black half- collar at the nape of the neck. A few Eurasian Collared-Doves were introduced to the Bahamas in the 1970s. They made their way to Florida by the 1980s and then rapidly colonized most of North America. United States Department of Agriculture R10 Tongass NF December 2016 .

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Hungary & Transylvania
Although we had many exciting birds, the ‘Bird of the trip’ was Wallcreeper in 2015. (János Oláh) HUNGARY & TRANSYLVANIA 14 – 23 MAY 2015 LEADER: JÁNOS OLÁH Central and Eastern Europe has a great variety of bird species including lots of special ones but at the same time also offers a fantastic variety of different habitats and scenery as well as the long and exciting history of the area. Birdquest has operated tours to Hungary since 1991, being one of the few pioneers to enter the eastern block. The tour itinerary has been changed a few times but nowadays the combination of Hungary and Transylvania seems to be a settled and well established one and offers an amazing list of European birds. This tour is a very good introduction to birders visiting Europe for the first time but also offers some difficult-to-see birds for those who birded the continent before. We had several tour highlights on this recent tour but certainly the displaying Great Bustards, a majestic pair of Eastern Imperial Eagle, the mighty Saker, the handsome Red-footed Falcon, a hunting Peregrine, the shy Capercaillie, the elusive Little Crake and Corncrake, the enigmatic Ural Owl, the declining White-backed Woodpecker, the skulking River and Barred Warblers, a rare Sombre Tit, which was a write-in, the fluty Red-breasted and Collared Flycatchers and the stunning Wallcreeper will be long remembered. We recorded a total of 214 species on this short tour, which is a respectable tally for Europe. Amongst these we had 18 species of raptors, 6 species of owls, 9 species of woodpeckers and 15 species of warblers seen! Our mammal highlight was undoubtedly the superb views of Carpathian Brown Bears of which we saw ten on a single afternoon! 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Hungary & Transylvania 2015 www.birdquest-tours.com We also had a nice overview of the different habitats of a Carpathian transect from the Great Hungarian Plain through the deciduous woodlands of the Carpathian foothills to the higher conifer-covered mountains.
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Columba Livia
Columba livia -- Gmelin, 1789 ANIMALIA -- CHORDATA -- AVES -- COLUMBIFORMES -- COLUMBIDAE Common names: Rock Dove; Common Pigeon; Pigeon biset; Rock DoveI European Red List Assessment European Red List Status LC -- Least Concern, (IUCN version 3.1) Assessment Information Year published: 2015 Date assessed: 2015-03-31 Assessor(s): BirdLife International Reviewer(s): Symes, A. Compiler(s): Ashpole, J., Burfield, I., Ieronymidou, C., Pople, R., Wheatley, H. & Wright, L. Assessment Rationale European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) In Europe this species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). The population trend is not known, but the population is not believed to be decreasing sufficiently rapidly to approach the thresholds under the population trend criterion (30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern in Europe. Within the EU27 this species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). The population trend appears to be stable, and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern in the EU27. Occurrence Countries/Territories of Occurrence Introduced: Denmark; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Gibraltar (to UK) Native: Albania; Andorra; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Faroe Islands (to DK); Estonia; Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland, Rep.
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Monitoring Nesting Golden Eagles for the Farmington Field Office, and Nesting Raptors for the Taos Field Office, BLM Resource Areas, New Mexico
Monitoring Nesting Golden Eagles for the Farmington Field Office, and Nesting Raptors for the Taos Field Office, BLM Resource Areas, New Mexico. 2006 Annual Report Prepared for: Bureau of Land Management Farmington and Taos Field Offices New Mexico Prepared by: Hawks Aloft, Inc. P.O. Box 10028 Albuquerque, NM 87184 (505) 828-9455 E-mail: [email protected] Golden Eagle and Raptor Surveys, Farmington and Taos Field Offices, 2005 20 December 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... iii Chapter 1: Distribution and reproductive success for Golden Eagles on BLM Administered Land in San Juan, McKinley, Rio Arriba, and Sandoval Counties, New Mexico. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................2 Study areas .......................................................................................................................................3 Methods ...........................................................................................................................................3 Results ..............................................................................................................................................5 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................7 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................9
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Field Checklist (PDF)
Surf Scoter Marbled Godwit OWLS (Strigidae) Common Raven White-winged Scoter Ruddy Turnstone Eastern Screech Owl CHICKADEES (Paridae) Common Goldeneye Red Knot Great Horned Owl Black-capped Chickadee Barrow’s Goldeneye Sanderling Snowy Owl Boreal Chickadee Bufflehead Semipalmated Sandpiper Northern Hawk-Owl Tufted Titmouse Hooded Merganser Western Sandpiper Barred Owl NUTHATCHES (Sittidae) Common Merganser Least Sandpiper Great Gray Owl Red-breasted Nuthatch Red-breasted Merganser White-rumped Sandpiper Long-eared Owl White-breasted Nuthatch Ruddy Duck Baird’s Sandpiper Short-eared Owl CREEPERS (Certhiidae) VULTURES (Cathartidae) Pectoral Sandpiper Northern Saw-Whet Owl Brown Creeper Turkey Vulture Purple Sandpiper NIGHTJARS (Caprimulgidae) WRENS (Troglodytidae) HAWKS & EAGLES (Accipitridae) Dunlin Common Nighthawk Carolina Wren Osprey Stilt Sandpiper Whip-poor-will House Wren Bald Eagle Buff-breasted Sandpiper SWIFTS (Apodidae) Winter Wren Northern Harrier Ruff Chimney Swift Marsh Wren Sharp-shinned Hawk Short-billed Dowitcher HUMMINGBIRDS (Trochilidae) THRUSHES (Muscicapidae) Cooper’s Hawk Wilson’s Snipe Ruby-throated Hummingbird Golden-crowned Kinglet Northern Goshawk American Woodcock KINGFISHERS (Alcedinidae) Ruby-crowned Kinglet Red-shouldered Hawk Wilson’s Phalarope Belted Kingfisher Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Broad-winged Hawk Red-necked Phalarope WOODPECKERS (Picidae) Eastern Bluebird Red-tailed Hawk Red Phalarope Red-headed Woodpecker Veery Rough-legged Hawk GULLS & TERNS (Laridae) Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Gray-cheeked Thrush Golden
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4-H-993-W, Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Food Flash Cards
Purdue extension 4-H-993-W Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Food Flash Cards Authors: Natalie Carroll, Professor, Youth Development right, it goes in the “fast” pile. If it takes a little and Agricultural Education longer, put the card in the “medium” pile. And if Brian Miller, Director, Illinois–Indiana Sea Grant College the learner does not know, put the card in the “no” Program Photos by the authors, unless otherwise noted. pile. Concentrate follow-up study efforts on the “medium” and “no” piles. These flash cards can help youth learn about the foods that wildlife eat. This will help them assign THE CONTEST individual food items to the appropriate food When youth attend the WHEP Career Development categories and identify which wildlife species Event (CDE), actual food specimens—not eat those foods during the Foods Activity of the pictures—will be displayed on a table (see Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Program (WHEP) Figure 1). Participants need to identify which contest. While there may be some disagreement food category is represented by the specimen. about which wildlife eat foods from the category Participants will write this food category on the top represented by the picture, the authors feel that the of the score sheet (Scantron sheet, see Figure 2) and species listed give a good representation. then mark the appropriate boxes that represent the wildlife species which eat this category of food. The Use the following pages to make flash cards by same species are listed on the flash cards, making it cutting along the dotted lines, then fold the papers much easier for the students to learn this material.
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Aullwood's Birds (PDF)
Aullwood's Bird List This list was collected over many years and includes birds that have been seen at or very near Aullwood. The list includes some which are seen only every other year or so, along with others that are seen year around. Ciconiiformes Great blue heron Green heron Black-crowned night heron Anseriformes Canada goose Mallard Blue-winged teal Wood duck Falconiformes Turkey vulture Osprey Sharp-shinned hawk Cooper's hawk Red-tailed hawk Red-shouldered hawk Broad-winged hawk Rough-legged hawk Marsh hawk American kestrel Galliformes Bobwhite Ring-necked pheasant Gruiformes Sandhill crane American coot Charadriformes Killdeer American woodcock Common snipe Spotted sandpiper Solitary sandpiper Ring-billed gull Columbiformes Rock dove Mourning dove Cuculiformes Yellow-billed cuckoo Strigiformes Screech owl Great horned owl Barred owl Saw-whet owl Caprimulgiformes Common nighthawk Apodiformes Chimney swift Ruby-throated hummingbird Coraciformes Belted kinghisher Piciformes Common flicker Pileated woodpecker Red-bellied woodpecker Red-headed woodpecker Yellow-bellied sapsucker Hairy woodpecker Downy woodpecker Passeriformes Eastern kingbird Great crested flycatcher Eastern phoebe Yellow-bellied flycatcher Acadian flycatcher Willow flycatcher Least flycatcher Eastern wood pewee Olive-sided flycatcher Tree swallow Bank swallow Rough-winged swallow Barn swallow Purple martin Blue jay Common crow Black-capped chickadee Carolina chickadee Tufted titmouse White-breasted nuthatch Red-breasted nuthatch Brown creeper House wren Winter wren
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Sauvie Island Bird Checklist Documents
WATERFOWL S S F W Cooper’s Hawk* O O O O Pectoral Sandpiper O Northern Goshawk R R Sharp-tailed Sandpiper A Tundra Swan U R U C Red-shouldered Hawk A Stilt Sandpiper A Trumpeter Swan R R R R Red-tailed Hawk* C C C C Buff-breasted Sandpiper A Greater White-fronted Goose U R U O Swainson’s Hawk A A Ruff A A Snow Goose O O U Rough-legged Hawk O O U Short-billed Dowitcher U Ross’s Goose R Long-billed Dowitcher U U U O Ferruginous Hawk A A Emperor Goose R R American Kestrel* C C C C Common Snipe* U O U C Canada Goose* C U C C Merlin O O O O Wilson’s Phalarope O R O SYMBOLS Brant O O O Prairie Falcon R R R R Red-necked Phalarope O R O S - March - May Wood Duck* C C U U Peregrine Falcon # O O O Red Phalarope A A A S - June - August Mallard* C C C C Gyrfalcon A F - September - November American Black Duck A GULLS & TERNS S S F W W - December - February Gadwall* U O U U GALLINACEOUS BIRDS S S F W # - Threatened or Endangered Species Green-winged Teal C U C C Parasitic Jaeger A * - Breeds Locally American Wigeon C U C C Ring-necked Pheasant* U O U U Franklin’s Gull A A A A Eurasian Wigeon O O O Ruffed Grouse* O O O O Bonaparte’s Gull O R O R C - Common U - Uncommon O - Occasional Northern Pintail* C U C C California Quail* R R R R Ring-billed Gull C U U C R - Rare A - Accidental Northern Shoveler* C O C C Mew Gull U O O C Blue-winged Teal* R R R R RAILS, COOTS & CRANES S S F W California Gull C O U C LOONS & GREBES S S F W Cinnamon Teal* U C U O Herring Gull U O U Canvasback O O O Virginia Rail*
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Evolution in the Rock Dove: Skeletal Morphology Richard F. Johnston
The Auk 109(3):530-542, 1992 EVOLUTION IN THE ROCK DOVE: SKELETAL MORPHOLOGY RICHARD F. JOHNSTON Museumof NaturalHistory and Department of Systematicsand Ecology, 602 DycheHall, The Universityof Kansas,Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA ABSTRACT.--Domesticpigeons were derived from Rock Doves (Columbalivia) by artificial selection perhaps 5,000 ybp. Fetal pigeon populations developed after domesticsescaped captivity; this began in Europe soon after initial domesticationsoccurred and has continued intermittently in other regions. Ferals developed from domesticstocks in North America no earlier than 400 ybp and are genealogicallycloser to domesticsthan to European ferals or wild RockDoves. Nevertheless, North American ferals are significantlycloser in skeletalsize and shapeto Europeanferals and Rock Doves than to domestics.Natural selectionevidently has been reconstitutingreasonable facsimiles of wild size and shape phenotypesin fetal pigeonsof Europeand North America.Received 17 April 1991,accepted 13 January1992. Man, therefore, may be said to have been and southwestern Asia; this is known to be true trying an experiment on a gigantic scale; in more recent time (Darwin 1868; N. E. Bal- and it is an experimentwhich nature dur- daccini, pers. comm.). Later, pigeons escaping ing the long lapse of time has incessantly captivity either rejoined wild colonies or be- tried [Darwin 1868]. came feral, and are now found in most of the world (Long 1981). European,North African, Of the many kinds of animals examined for and Asiatic ferals may have historiesof
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Rock Dove Columba Livia
Rock Dove Columba livia Because of its foreign origin and frequent dependence on man, the Rock Dove has fre quently been regarded as a second-rate citi zen by many birders, as well as by the Na tional Audubon Society, which disdained to count the species on the annual Christmas Bird Counts from I950 through I974. Such disdain has robbed birders of a wealth of information regarding the species' past popu lations; the Rock Dove's close association with man would have made it a useful ba rometer of the effects of urbanization. Introduced to North America by the French in the early I600s (Schorger I9P), the Rock Dove was raised for food through Janssen I963). Although reproductively ac out colonial America in the I700s. Feral tive throughout the year at southern lati birds from early settlements formed the an tudes, the onset of breeding in Vermont cestral stock of today's populations. It is not seems to be weather-related. A significant known whether the species was more wide increase in courtship displays-particularly spread in the mid-I800s when agricultural wing clapping and gliding by pairs with clearing reached its zenith in Vermont, but wings in a V, and billing and nodding in late present reforestation trends and the decline winter-marks the onset of nesting. Since in agriculture seem destined to restrict its Rock Doves may remain paired for several Vermont distribution by limiting critical consecutive seasons, these courtship dis winter foraging habitat. plays may be seen at almost any season. Bill Although often nesting on man-made ing and displacement preening more typi structures (bridges and barns), the Rock cally accompany actual mating (Stokes Dove also nests on cliffs and ledges if open I979)· agricultural foraging areas are within a few The nest, built principally by the male, is miles.
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Ecology of the Golden Eagle
THE AUK A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY Vo. 85 1968 No. 1 ECOLOGY OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE JERRYMcG^H^• THE American eagles have declined over much of their former range. Recently a notable decreasein the number of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)occurred on the easterncoast of the United States (Carson, 1962); this declineemphasized the needof determiningpopulation norms for the GoldenEagle (Aquila chrysagtos)so that any reductioncould be recognizedearly and the possiblecauses isolated and evaluated. The stability of GoldenEagle populationsis threatenedby severalfac- tors. Althougha federallaw was enactedin 1962 to provideprotection for this species,limited seasonshave been reopenedin many of the west- ern statesfor killing eaglesthat are purportedto be taking livestock.The widespreaduse of pesticideshas introducedanother threat (Cramp, 1963; Dewitt and Buckley, 1963; Lockie and Ratcliffe, 1964; Watson and Mor- gan, 1964). The conservationand managementof any speciesis contingentupon an understandingof its populationdynamics. The effects of a new environ- mental influenceimpressed upon any populationof organismscan only be determinedaccurately if a thoroughstudy has been made earlier. The objectof this paper is to providebasic information. The density,produc- tivity, nestingsuccess, and mortality of a Montana populationof Golden Eagles were determined; nestingbehavior and movementswere observed. Thesedata can aid in determiningthe effectsof suchchanges as the ex- pandeduse of pesticides,by comparingthem either with data taken where pesticidelevels are muchhigher or with data obtainedif pesticidesare in- troduceddirectly into the study area. In addition,data on the food habits of this population are of value for estimatingthe economicstatus of this large raptor. STUDY AREA The principalstudy area (Area A) is near Livingston,Montana, in centraland east- ern Park County and western SweetgrassCounty.
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Pigeon Husbandry
PIGEON HUSBANDRY INTRODUCTION Please note that this information is intended primarily for members of the genera Columba (includes common pigeon or rock dove and all breeds thereof), Streptopelia (ring- necked and related doves), and Geopelia (diamond and related doves). General Information The bird order Columbiformes contains as many as 316 species in 10 families and subfamilies. There are some species that are currently threatened or endangered and some species have become extinct during the past few centuries (including the dodo bird). Although Columbids share distinct physical features with each other there is still quite a bit of diversity within this group Pet pigeons nest building and sitting on fake eggs. Photo credit: Elizabeth Young. of birds. Some Columbids are tropical forest dwellers subsisting on insects and fruit for a large part of the diet whereas our more familiar species are primarily granivorous (eating seeds and Diet grains). Some species are more similar to pheasants than to our Our most common species of pigeons and doves should be fed a classic idea of a pigeon (e.g., the common pigeon or rock dove). seed and grain mix appropriate for the size of the bird. This can Common pigeons (domestic pigeons) usually lay 2 plain white eggs be supplemented with formulated pigeon pellets or small parrot and incubate them for about 18 days. They are prolific breeders pellets. Because Columbids swallow their food whole, they rely on and can nest year-round if food is available. The nest is a loose powerful gizzard contractions to grind their food. There is debate collection of straw or sticks on a ledge or, for some species, on a about whether grit in the gizzard is needed to help grind the food.
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A Survey of the Birds in South Sinai, Egypt
A survey of the birds in South Sinai, Egypt From 28 June to 05 August 2006 we conducted bird surveys of the birds in the south Sinai peninsula, Egypt, mountains, wadis (ephemeral river beds), plains, and oases in and adjacent to the St. Katherine Protectorate Important Bird Area. We recorded 30 bird species, of which nine were migrants and only three were birds of prey. The most abundant species were Rock Dove, Rock Martin and Laughing Dove and the most widespread species was White-Tailed Wheatear, which was detected in all 38 surveys. Most vegetation in the St. Katherine Protectorate occurs in gardens managed by Jabaliya Bedouin people. Birds in the St. Katherine Protectorate are threatened by recent shifts from traditional fruit crops to cannabis plantations and by the demands placed on scarce water supplies by a recent increase in tourism. A critical area for both resident and migrant birds, the St. Katherine Protectorate deserves ongoing protection, appropriate management, with more detailed research and community- based conservation. Introduction Located where the Asian and Africa continents meet, the Sinai Peninsula is a distinctive biological region with characteristic flora and fauna (Zalat et al 2001). The region has a predominantly mountainous environment consisting of different drainage systems made up of a number of connected wadis. Geologically the peninsula is split into three sections; the northern sand dunes, a central limestone plateau, and high altitude igneous rock mountains in the south. South Sinai lies in the North African belt and has a Saharan-Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot, with a mean temperature of 36°c (August) and winters are cool with a mean minimum temperature of - 7.8°c (February).
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