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Conservation Assessment for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter Gentilis)

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Conservation Assessment for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter Gentilis) DRAFT Western Great Lakes Northern Goshawk Conservation Assessment DRAFT Conservation Assessment for Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) Linnaeus in the Western Great Lakes Photo credit: Phil Detrich, USFWS USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region August 10, 2007 Dr. John Curnutt U. S. Forest Service Milwaukee, Wisconsin This document is undergoing peer review, comments welcome 1 DRAFT Western Great Lakes Northern Goshawk Conservation Assessment DRAFT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TBD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TBD 2 DRAFT Western Great Lakes Northern Goshawk Conservation Assessment DRAFT Table Of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 8 APPROACH , SCOPE AND METHODS OF ASSESSMENT ................................................................................. 10 THE DATA ................................................................................................................................................. 11 STRUCTURE AND LAYOUT OF THIS ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................... 11 THE GOSHAWK ....................................................................................................................................... 12 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY ........................................................................................................... 12 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................ 13 GLOBAL /N ORTH AMERICA PRE -SETTLEMENT DISTRIBUTION ................................................................... 13 HABITS , NESTING AND REPRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 17 Foraging.............................................................................................................................................. 17 Seasonal Shifts in Diet....................................................................................................................................19 Seasonal Shifts in Diet.....................................................................................................................................20 Nesting and Reproduction................................................................................................................... 20 Nests................................................................................................................................................................20 The Breeding Cycle.........................................................................................................................................21 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. 23 GOSHAWK HABITAT.............................................................................................................................. 23 BREEDING SEASON HABITAT ..................................................................................................................... 24 Nest tree .............................................................................................................................................. 24 Nest site/Nesting area.......................................................................................................................... 25 Caveats for Interpreting the Research ................................................................................................ 27 Goshawk Habitat at the Landscape-scale ........................................................................................... 29 Post-fledging Area...........................................................................................................................................29 Home Range/Foraging Area............................................................................................................................31 GOSHAWK WINTER HABITAT ................................................................................................................... 33 GOSHAWK PREY HABITAT ........................................................................................................................ 34 Sciurids................................................................................................................................................ 35 Ruffed grouse....................................................................................................................................... 35 Eastern chipmunk................................................................................................................................ 37 Hares and Rabbits............................................................................................................................... 39 Ensemble ............................................................................................................................................. 39 SUMMARY OF GOSHAWK HABITAT .......................................................................................................... 41 STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF GOSHAWK HABITAT IN THE WGLR ........................................................ 42 Status and trends at the 40 ha scale .................................................................................................... 48 Summary of goshawk habitat status and trends .................................................................................. 51 GOSHAWK POPULATION ECOLOGY ................................................................................................ 51 WHAT IS A GOSHAWK POPULATION ?........................................................................................................ 51 Floaters ............................................................................................................................................... 51 Breeding Adults................................................................................................................................... 51 To breed or not.................................................................................................................................... 52 To move or not..................................................................................................................................... 52 Immigrating Goshawks........................................................................................................................ 53 THE ELUSIVE Λ .......................................................................................................................................... 54 Vital Rates ........................................................................................................................................... 54 Longevity ........................................................................................................................................................54 Age at first reproduction..................................................................................................................................54 Age-specific survival.......................................................................................................................................55 Age-specific reproduction ...............................................................................................................................56 3 DRAFT Western Great Lakes Northern Goshawk Conservation Assessment DRAFT λ revisited ............................................................................................................................................ 56 LIMITING FACTORS ................................................................................................................................... 56 Food .................................................................................................................................................... 57 Space ................................................................................................................................................... 58 Siblicide/Cannibalism ......................................................................................................................... 58 Predation............................................................................................................................................. 59 Parasites.............................................................................................................................................. 62 Interspecific Competition .................................................................................................................... 62 SUMMARY OF GOSHAWK POPULATION ECOLOGY ..................................................................................... 65 HUMANS AND THE GOSHAWK ........................................................................................................... 66 LEGAL AND CONSERVATION STATUS .......................................................................................................
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