$FWD7URSLFD ² Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Tropica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actatropica New records of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from 7 Egyptian pigeons and doves (Columbiformes), with description of one new species Eslam Adlya,⁎, Mohamed Nassera, Doaa Solimana, Daniel R. Gustafssonb, Magdi Shehataa a Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt b Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resources, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Little information is available about the chewing lice of wild birds of Egypt, including common groups such as Egypt pigeons and doves (Columbiformes). Through this work, parasitic chewing lice of common columbiformes of New species Egypt were revised including new data. Three species of pigeons and doves (Streptopelia decaocto Frivaldszky New records 1838, Spilopelia senegalensis Linnaeus 1766 and Columba livia Gmelin 1789) were examined for chewing lice at Chewing lice three different localities. A total of 124 specimens of lice were collected. Nine species were identified from these Columbiformes samples; one species (Columbicola joudiae n. sp.) was considered a new species to science, six species were Columbicola fi fi Coloceras recorded from Egypt for the rst time, and two species have been identi ed in Egypt before. Taxonomic and fi Campanulotes ecological remarks for all identi ed chewing lice samples are provided along with known and local hosts, Colpocephalum measurements and material examined. Description and images of the new species are also provided. 1. Introduction the Rock Dove is the most widely domesticated by humans for hundreds of years and have become feral in cities around the world (Beletsky, The study of chewing lice has been neglected for many years in the 2007). It has been bred into several diversities kept by hobbyists. Also, Middle East including Egypt (Nasser et al., 2015). The country located several species of Columbiformes are used as food which reflects their on the main bird migration route between Europe and Africa. Its’ ter- economical and biological importance (Blechman, 2006). ritory includes a wide range of habitats generated by the Nile and the Chewing lice of Columbiformes have long been at the center of re- high altitudes of Sinai Mountains, making Egypt a hot spot area for the search into host/parasite interactions (Pilgrim, 1976; Toro et al., 1999; birds in the region (Elliott et al., 1999). Despite the large number of Clayton et al., 2003; Johnson et al., 2005). In total, twelve genera of migratory and resident birds of the country, the knowledge of the chewing lice are known to infest pigeons and doves including Auricotes Egyptian chewing lice fauna is fragmentary and incomplete. The only Kéler, 1939; Bonomiella Conci, 1942; Campanulotes Kéler, 1939; Cavi- previous studies on the Egyptian chewing louse fauna are those of Hafez fera Clay & Price, 1970; Coloceras Taschenberg, 1882; Colpocephalum and Madbouly (1966a, 1966b, 1968a, 1968b). Up till now, only 61 Nitzsch, 1818; Columbicola Ewing, 1929; Hohorstiella Eichler, 1940; chewing lice species belonging to 31 genera have been recorded from Kodocephalon Kéler, 1939; Physconelloides Ewing, 1927; Quateia Price & the avifauna of Egypt. This number is very small, compared to the Emerson, 1975 and Turturicola Clay & Meinertzhagen, 1938. Collec- number of potential host species in the country (Hafez and Madbouly, tively, these genera include around 450 species (Price et al., 2003). 1966b). Despite the ubiquity of publications on pigeon and dove lice, none of Pigeons and doves form a cosmopolitan bird group found on all them deal with this group in the Middle East (Eichler, 1952; Ansari, continent except Antarctica (Shelley, 1872). They are classified in the 1955a, 1955b; Lakshminarayana, 1979; Tendeiro, 1973, 1974, 1984; family Columbidae in the order Columbiformes. This family are divided Adams et al., 2005; Naz et al., 2012). into three subfamilies, Columbinae, Claravinae, Raphinae (Cabot et al., Exploration of ectoparasites, especially chewing lice, of 1996). There are around 43 genera and 319 species of doves and pi- Columbiformes from Egypt is essential, not only for the local interest geons around the world. Among the many species of Columbiformes, but also for the entire region. Eleven species of pigeons and doves have ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (E. Adly). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.10.016 Received 8 September 2018; Received in revised form 27 October 2018; Accepted 27 October 2018 $YDLODEOHRQOLQH2FWREHU ;3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9 E. Adly et al. $FWD7URSLFD ² been recorded in the country which are Rock Dove Columba livia Suborder Amblycera Kellogg, 1896 Gmelin, 1789; Stock Dove C. oenas Linnaeus, 1758; Common Wood Family Menoponidae Mjöberg, 1910 Pigeon C. palumbus Linnaeus, 1758; Namaqua Dove Oena capensis Colpocephalum Nitzsch, 1818 Linnaeus, 1766; Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766); Colpocephalum turbinatum Denny, 1842:198 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838); Colpocephalum ailurum Nitzsch in Giebel, 1861a:522 Mourning Collared Dove S. decipiens (Hartlaub & Finsch, 1870); Colpocephalum bicinctum Nitzsch in Giebel, 1861a:524 Oriental Turtle Dove S. orientalis (Latham, 1790); African Collared Dove Colpocephalum caudatum Giebel, 1874:261 S. risoria (Linnaeus, 1758); European Turtle Dove S. turtur (Linnaeus, Colpocephalum dissimile Piaget, 1880:520 1758); and Bruce's Green Pigeon Treron waalia Meyer, 1793 (Meininger Colpocephalum intermedium Piaget, 1880:521 and Mullié, 1981; Birds of Egypt, 2018). Hafez and Madbouly (1966b) Colpocephalum costaricense Carriker, 1903:172 reported only two species of chewing lice from Egypt: Columbicola co- Colpocephalum abruptofasciatum Mjöberg, 1910b:36 lumbae and Cb. bacillus from Columba livia and Spilopelia senegalensis, Neocolpocephalum wetzeli Eichler, 1941b:374 respectively. Therefore, this work aimed to update the knowledge about Colpocephalum wernecki Orfila, 1959:477 the chewing lice infesting the pigeon and dove fauna of Egypt, and Type host: Columba livia Gmelin, 1789, Rock Dove. describe Columbicola joudiae n. sp. as a new species to science. Other hosts: Ducula bicolor (Scopoli, 1786), Pied Imperial-Pigeon; Zenaida asiatica (L., 1758), White-winged Dove; Elanus leucurus 2. Materials and methods (Vieillot, 1818), White-tailed Kite; Haliastur indus (Boddaert, 1783), Brahminy Kite; Haliastur sphenurus (Vieillot, 1818), Whistling Kite; Between February and June 2018, bird were caught at several lo- Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783), Black Kite; Milvus milvus (L., 1758), calities in Egypt, selected to maximise the number of resident and mi- Red Kite; Terathopius ecaudatus (Daudin, 1800), Bateleur; Circus aeru- gratory species encountered: Ain Shams University Botanical Garden at ginosus (L., 1758), Western Marsh Harrier; Circus assimilis Jardine & central Cairo 30°04′40.3″N 31°16′56.7″E, Ras Seder, South Sinai Selby, 1828, Spotted Harrier; Circus approximans Peale, 1848, Swamp 29°26′34.4″N 32°45′31.5″E and Sidi Kirayr, north coast 31°00′27.9″N Harrier; Circus cyaneus (L., 1758), Northern Harrier/Hen Harrier; 29°38′30.8″E. Bird through February to June 2018. The birds were Accipiter fasciatus (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) Brown Goshawk; Accipiter collected using standard mist nets (mesh: 1.8 cm ×0.12 mm & size: tachiro (Daudin, 1800), African Goshawk; Melierax metabates Heuglin, 2m×15 m). The nets were placed between trees and palms in the 1861, Dark Chanting Goshawk; Buteo galapagoensis (Gould, 1837), previous sites (Supplementary materials 1). Birds were identified ac- Galapagos Hawk; Buteo jamaicensis (Gmelin, 1788), Red-tailed Hawk; cording to Porter and Aspinall, 2013. Here, we focus on the lice col- Buteo magnirostris (Gmelin, 1788), Roadside Hawk; Buteo swainsoni lected from pigeons and doves, and lice collected from other hosts will Bonaparte, 1838, Swainson´s Hawk; Falco mexicanus Schlegel, 1850, be addressed in a separate publication. Prairie Falcon; Aquila audax (Latham, 1801), Wedge-tailed Eagle; Live caught birds were placed in a fumigation chamber (Clayton and Haliaeetus leucocephalus (L., 1766), Bald Eagle; Haliaeetus leucogaster Drown, 2001), using chloroform as a fumigant. Following fumigation, Gmelin, 1788, White-bellied Sea Eagle; Haliaeetus leucoryphus (Pallas, lice were removed by ruffling over a white surface, and by careful vi- 1771), Pallas´s Fish Eagle; Haliaeetus vocifer (Daudin, 1800), African sual examination (Supplementary materials 1). All examined birds were Fish Eagle; Hieraaetus morphnoides (Gould, 1841), Little Eagle; released at the capturing location. Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmelin, 1788), Booted Eagle; Lophaetus occipitalis The collected lice were divided into two parts. One part was kept in (Daudin, 1800), Long-crested Eagle; Polemaetus bellicosus (Daudin, 90% ethyl alcohol for future studies, the other part was processed for 1800), Martial eagle; Spizaetus nipalensis Hodgson, 1836, Mountain slide mounting. Briefly, lice were placed in 95% ethyl alcohol then Hawk-eagle; Buteo buteo (L., 1758), Eurasian Buzzard; Buteo rufofuscus transferred to lactic acid for about two days for clearing and then (Forster, 1798), Jackal Buzzard; Henicopernis longicauda (Garnot, 1828), mounted using Canada-balsam.