De Charles Nodier E 'Les Mille Et Une Nuits'

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De Charles Nodier E 'Les Mille Et Une Nuits' UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ORIENTAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA, LITERATURA E CULTURA ÁRABE CHRISTIANE DAMIEN CODENHOTO Na senda das Noites: “Les quatre talismans” de Charles Nodier e Les mille et une nuits São Paulo 2007 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ORIENTAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA, LITERATURA E CULTURA ÁRABE Na senda das Noites: “Les quatre talismans” de Charles Nodier e Les mille et une nuits Christiane Damien Codenhoto Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Língua, Literatura e Cultura Árabe do Departamento de Letras Orientais da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras (Língua, Literatura e Cultura Árabe). Orientador: Prof. Dr. Mamede Mustafa Jarouche São Paulo 2007 A Maria Emily, minha mãe, pelo seu exemplo de força e virtude. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha família, pelo amor e apoio. Ao Prof. Dr. Mamede Mustafa Jarouche, por sua orientação. À Profa. Dra. Ana Luiza Camarani, pela atenção e orientação durante o processo de definição deste trabalho. Profa. Dra. Verónica Galíndez Jorge, pelos comentários em meu exame de qualificação. À Profa. Dra. Safa Abou-Chahla Jubran e à Profa. Dra. Cilaine Alves Cunha, por terem me auxiliado na fase de pesquisa. Aos secretários Maribel Arruda e Jorge Mesquita, pela prontidão. À Supervisora de Ensino Luciane Guarizi e ao Programa Bolsa Mestrado da Secretaria de Estado da Educação, pelas condições propiciadas à realização deste trabalho. Às senhoras e amigas Hannelore König da Costa e Silva e Rosa Francisca Machado, pela calorosa acolhida na cidade de São Paulo, durante meu Mestrado. À amiga Letícia Lopes Falletti, pelo auxílio neste trabalho e pelo apoio. Aos professores e mestrandos Pedro Reinato e Eliana Burian pelas discussões esclarecedoras. Aos amigos Márcia Maria Sant’Ana Jóe, Ivair Carlos Castelan, Maurício Brusadin, Kleber Wilson Valadares da Silva, Gabriel Rached e Mariene Valadares da Silva por sempre terem compartilhado das várias fases do meu Mestrado. Ao querido Miguel Attie Filho, pelo constante incentivo e, sobretudo, por suas histórias que tão bem me aconselharam ao longo de todo este meu trabalho. RESUMO CODENHOTO, C. D. Na senda das Noites : “Les quatre talismans” de Charles Nodier e Les mille et une nuits. 2007. Dissertação (Mestrado). Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2007. As Noites [Alf layla wa-layla] foram primeiramente traduzidas e publicadas pelo orientalista francês Antoine Galland, no início do século XVIII. Em sua tradução, Galland não somente seguiu a concepção de sua época de adaptar a obra para o gosto francês como também inseriu novas histórias em sua versão que não pertenciam ao original, de modo que suas Les mille et une nuits não se constituíram como um retrato fiel das Noites árabes. E foi este trabalho que, encontrando um sucesso triunfal desde sua publicação, divulgou as histórias das Noites por todo o Ocidente, e inspirou novas produções literárias. No século XIX, muitos autores românticos buscaram o enriquecimento de sua imaginação nas cores do maravilhoso oriental, entre eles está Charles Nodier, que registrou seu interesse por Les mille et une nuits em seus textos teóricos e literários . Nesse sentido, no âmbito de um estudo comparado, é possível perceber que seu conto intitulado “Les quatre talismans” compartilha de determinadas semelhanças com as seguintes histórias de Les mille et une nuits: prólogo-moldura, “Histoire du pêcheur”, “Histoire du roi grec et du médecin Douban”, “Histoire de trois calenders fils de rois et de cinq dames de Bagdad”, “Histoire du seconde calender”, “Histoire du petit bossu”, “Histoire que raconta le marchand chrétien” – todas elas traduzidas por Galland do manuscrito árabe das Noites –; “Histoire d’Aladdin” e “Histoire de l’aveugle Baba-Abdalla” – ambas ausentes das Noites, correspondendo, portanto, a inserções do orientalista em sua versão. Comparativamente, a análise de elementos, como a técnica narrativa, os temas e os motivos das histórias, atestam não somente as apropriações de Nodier a partir de Les mille et une nuits, mas também a própria originalidade do autor, que transforma o modelo das histórias provindas das Noites e das narrativas inseridas por Galland, criando, assim, um conto peculiar. Palavras-chave: As mil e uma noites, Antoine Galland, Charles Nodier, literatura comparada, “Les quatre talismans”. ABSTRACT CODENHOTO, C. D. In the path of Nights: “Les quatre talismans” by Charles Nodier and Les mille et une nuits. Dissertation (Master’s degree). Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, 2007. Nights [Alf layla wa-layla] were first translated and published by the French orientalist Antoine Galland in the beginning of the XVIII century. In his translation, Galland not only followed the conception of his time to adapt the literary work to the French taste, but also inserted new stories in its version that didn’t belong to the original, so that his Les mille et une nuits didn’t constitute a real portrait of the Arabian Nights. And was this literary work that, finding a triumphal success since its publication, disclosed the stories of Nights to the whole West, and inspired new literary productions. In the XIX century, many Romantic writers searched the enrichment of their imagination in the colors of the oriental wonder; among them is Charles Nodier, who registered his interest for Les mille et une nuits in many of his theoretical and literary texts. In this sense, in the field of the compared literature, it is possible to notice that his tale entitled “Les quatre talismans” shares some similarities with the following stories of Les mille et une nuits: prologue- frame, “ Histoire du pêcheur”, “Histoire du roi grec et du médecin Douban”, “ Histoire de trois calenders fils de rois et de cinq dames de Bagdad”, “Histoire du seconde calender”, “ Histoire du petit bossu” , “Histoire que raconta le marchand chrétien” – all of them translated by Galland from the Arabian manuscript of Nights - “Histoire d’Aladdin” and “Histoire de l‘aveugle Baba-Abdalla”- both absent in Nights, corresponding, therefore, insertions from the orientalist in his version. Comparatively, the analyses of elements, such as narrative technique, the themes and the reasons of the stories, certify not only the appropriation of Nodier from Les mille et une nuits, but also the originality of the author itself, that transforms the model of the stories from Nights and from the narratives inserted by Galland, criating, thus, a peculiar tale. Key words: The thousand and one nights, Antoine Galland, Charles Nodier, Compared Literature. NOTA PRÉVIA 1. Para as vogais longas foi utilizado â, î, û. Podem ser pronunciadas como se fossem vogais tônicas. 2. Para a fricativa palatal surda, š. Seu som é equivalente ao do x ou ch do português, como xícara e chapéu. 3. A gutural laríngea foi transcrita com um apóstrofo fechado (’) e a faríngea sonora foi transcrita com um apóstrofo aberto (‘). Ambas não possuem som semelhante em nenhuma língua ocidental. 4. Para a laríngea surda, utilizamos a letra h. É sempre pronunciada como o h do inglês, como home. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO........................................................................................................................1 CAPÍTULO I. NA SENDA DAS NOITES I.1. As origens e os ramos......................................................................................10 I.2. A chegada das Noites à França.......................................................................21 I.3. O cânone de Antoine Galland.........................................................................28 I.4. Les mille et une nuits : “la belle infidèle”.......................................................39 CAPÍTULO II. CHARLES NODIER E O ORIENTE II.1. O orientalismo entre as luzes e o imaginário................................................52 II.2. O romântico salão do Arsenal........................................................................65 II.3. Um lugar para Les mille et une nuits.............................................................73 II.4. O fantástico de Nodier....................................................................................79 CAPÍTULO III. EM PRESENÇA DAS NOITES III.1. O prólogo-moldura........................................................................................84 III.2. Os motivos....................................................................................................101 III.3. Os temas.......................................................................................................113 III.4. Narrativa e permanência............................................................................148 CONCLUSÃO.......................................................................................................................154 BIBLIOGRAFIA...................................................................................................................158 INTRODUÇÃO A existência de elementos sobrenaturais e mágicos marca presença nas narrativas desde os mais remotos tempos de nossa história; tal longevidade foi lembrada por Todorov1 quando observou que o gênero maravilhoso existe desde sempre. A mais velha fonte da literatura popular maravilhosa – e que está fortemente integrada ao
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