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Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present State and Future Potential By Claes Lykke Ragner FNI Report 13/2000 FRIDTJOF NANSENS INSTITUTT THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE Tittel/Title Sider/Pages Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present 124 State and Future Potential Publikasjonstype/Publication Type Nummer/Number FNI Report 13/2000 Forfatter(e)/Author(s) ISBN Claes Lykke Ragner 82-7613-400-9 Program/Programme ISSN 0801-2431 Prosjekt/Project Sammendrag/Abstract The report assesses the Northern Sea Route’s commercial potential and economic importance, both as a transit route between Europe and Asia, and as an export route for oil, gas and other natural resources in the Russian Arctic. First, it conducts a survey of past and present Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. Then follow discussions of the route’s commercial potential as a transit route, as well as of its economic importance and relevance for each of the Russian Arctic regions. These discussions are summarized by estimates of what types and volumes of NSR cargoes that can realistically be expected in the period 2000-2015. This is then followed by a survey of the status quo of the NSR infrastructure (above all the ice-breakers, ice-class cargo vessels and ports), with estimates of its future capacity. Based on the estimated future NSR cargo potential, future NSR infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with the estimated capacity in order to identify the main, future infrastructure bottlenecks for NSR operations. The information presented in the report is mainly compiled from data and research results that were published through the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) 1993-99, but considerable updates have been made using recent information, statistics and analyses from various sources. -
Russia's Ring of Fire
Russia’s Ring of Fire Kamchatka, the Commander & Kuril Islands 26th May to7th June 2021 (13 days) Zodiac cruise & Auklet flocks by N. Russ The Pacific Ring of Fire manifests itself in numerous places on the rim of the Pacific Ocean – but nowhere more dramatically than in Russia’s Far East. Along one of the world’s most active plate boundaries, the Pacific plate subducts under the Eurasian plate and the resulting volcanic and geothermal activity has built a unique and amazing landscape. Upwelling from the deep trenches formed by this action and currents around the many islands means there is an abundance of food for both birds and marine mammals, making the seas here amongst the richest in the world. The region’s human history is as interesting and as fascinating as the geological history and it is closely connected to the oceans that surround it. The earliest people to settle in the RBL Russia - Ring of Fire Itinerary 2 region, the Ainu, lived from the sea. Explorer Vitus Bering and, at the height of the Cold war, Russia’s formidable Pacific Fleet, were based in the region. The secrecy surrounding the fleet resulted in the region being ‘closed’ even to Russians, who had to obtain special permits to travel to and within the area. It is only now, two decades since Perestroika, that people can travel relatively freely here, although there is still very little in the way of infrastructure for visitors. This voyage takes us where very few people have been – or are able to go. The region falls into three quite distinct and unique geographical regions: the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands (the western extremity of the Aleutian chain of islands) and the Kuril Islands. -
Soviet Naval Force Control and the Red Naval C System: What the Blue Commander Needs to Know
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1989 Soviet Naval Force Control and the Red naval C system: what the Blue commander needs to know Tondu, Jennifer L. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26259 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California 7 3-^35 SOVIET NAVAL FORCE CONTROL AND THE RED NAVAL C^ SYSTEM: WHAT THE BLUE COMMANDER NEEDS TO KNOW by Jennifer L. Tondu March 1988 Thesis Advisor: James G. Taylor Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. T24239 classified irity classification of this page REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Restrict ive Report Security Classification Lnclassified lb Markings Security Classification Authority 3 Distribution Availability of Report Declassification Downgrading Schedule Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Performing Organization Report Number(s) 5 Monitoring Organization Report Number(s) Name of Performing Organization 6b Office Symbol 7a Name of Monitoring Organization aval Postgraduate School (if applicable) 39 Naval Postgraduate School Address (city, state, and ZIP code) 7b Address (city, state, and ZIP code) onterev, CA 93943-5000 Monterey, CA 93943-5000 Name of Funding Sponsoring Organization 8b Office Symbol 9 Procurement Instrument Identification Number (if applicable) Address (dry, state, and ZIP code) 10 Source of Funding Numbers Program Element No Project No Task No Work Unit Accession N Title (include security classification) SOVIET NAVAL FORCE CONTROL AND THE RED NAVAL C3 SYSTEM: WHAT IE BLUE COMMANDER NEEDS TO KNOW Personal Author(s) Jennifer L. Tondu a Type of Report 13b Time Coyered 14 Date of Report (vear. month, day) Page Count aster's Thesis From To March 1988 90 Supplementary Notation The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or po- ion of the Department of Defense or the U.S. -
2010 Peer Review Report by Hartikainen Frontiers Trabzon
1 Central level (EUSG, MoI, Coast Guard), Trabzon Airport and Seaport, eastern border with Georgia, western borders with Bulgaria and Greece – Expert Col (BG) Antti Hartikainen / Border Guard of Finland PEER REVIEW MISSION TO TURKEY (JHA IND/EXP 42920) 6 – 10 DEC 2010 1. Introduction At the central level, all the three border management experts assigned for the mission (Mr. Hartikainen, Mr. Karohl and Mr. Gaya van Stijn) with all the accompanied personnel from the EU Commission and the EU Delegation to Turkey had a common programme in Ankara. At the beginning, a preparatory meeting was organised with the EU Secretariat General. Subsequently, a meeting took place with the Ministry of the Interior Integrated Border Management (IBM) Bureau. Representatives of the General Directorate of Security (Turkish National Police, Department of Aliens, Borders and Asylum Affairs), General Staff, Land Forces Command, Gendarmerie General Command, Coast Guard Command, and Turkish Customs Enforcement also were present in both of the aforementioned meetings. At the end of the central level programme, a visit was made to the Coast Guard Command. During the field visit, the expert was familiarised with the Trabzon airport and seaport on the shore of the Black Sea, Sarp Border Crossing Point (BCP) on the border with Georgia, Kapıkule BCP on the border with Bulgaria, Pazarkule BCP on the border with Greece and Edirne Removal Centre located to the close proximity to the last two aforementioned BCPs. Moreover, two Deputy Governors joined the trip in their respective Areas of Responsibility on the eastern and western borders and a meeting was held with the Governor in Edirne and the Deputy Governor in Trabzon. -
“A Trend Setter for the Cruise Industry”
Summer 2007 Cruise, port and destination Digest Fain: Going Dingle: Europe Olesen: The where we are in a global impact of air wanted industry polution 27 & 29 22 33 Who said What? Seatrade Miami, Cruise Europe, MedCruise and Cruise3sixty Q Fain Q Dickinson Q Veitch Q Kruse Q Dingle Q Hanrahan Q Sasso Q Naylor Q Pate Q Lingard Q Mehta Q Krumrine Q Douwes Q Cox Q Diez Q Forney Q Oner: Delivering quality shore excursions: 24 Q Featured Destination: South Corsica: 12 Carnival moves quickly as Ratcliffe “A trend setter for announces retirement the cruise industry” arnival Corporation & plc has Cmoved quickly to announce two promotions to come into immediate effect following news of Peter Ratcliffe’s retirement next March. David Dingle has been promoted to chief executive offi cer, Carnival UK with responsibility for the company’s British brands – P&O Cruises, Ocean Village and Cunard Line. He is also appointed chairman of the Carnival plc Management Committee with responsibility for P&O Cruises n innovative new ship design three decks, right in the middle of Australia. Alan Buckelew has been Adeserves a spectacular send off the ship. Whereas conventional ship promoted to president and chief and the christening ceremony for design requires the strongest steels executive offi cer of Princess Cruises. AIDADiva, in Hamburg, did not to be placed in this section to provide Further management changes at disappoint. added strength to its structure, this Carnival UK are detailed on page 1. A crowd of up to half a million open space acts as a meeting place citizens from this ship crazy city during the day and a theatre and lined the banks of the Elbe to witness nightclub in the evening. -
Information and Analysis Bulletin on Animal Poaching and Smuggling N°6 / 1St July - 30Th Septembre 2014
Information and analysis bulletin on animal poaching and smuggling n°6 / 1st July - 30th Septembre 2014 Contents Introduction Insects and Arachnids 3 Seahorses Sea 4 Cruelty to animals is pouring and flooding on Tridacna and Queen Conches 5 each and every one of the 134 pages of ”On the Sea Cucumbers 5 Trail ” n°6. Rainbows are rare. And for that are all Fishes 6 the more beautiful. Marine Mammals 8 Opening of a delphinium in Pattaya and a Several recent studies suggest that violence on projected opening in Phuket 8 animals and abuse of animal’s weakness show Marine Turtles 9 predisposition to violence against humans and that witnessing domestic violence or being Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles 13 submitted to parental harassment leads to a Snakes 20 predisposition to violence against animals. Sauria 23 Violence is a viral and vicious circle. Crocodilians 23 Multi-Species Reptiles 24 The FBI in the United States of America now considers that mistreatment, individual Amphibia 25 violence, organized abuse and torture against animals are crimes against society. To start Birds 26 in 2016, a database listing animal sadists The new European commissioner for should help - that is the purpose of the FBI’s the environment 32 new approach - to predict criminality against humans. Pangolins 35 Writers and great thinkers in the ancient Primates 40 centuries had predicted that practice or Ebola 42 witnessing of cruelty inflicted on animals would lead to barbaric treatment towards and among Felines 49 humans. ” After people in Rome were tamed Released on bail without caution 53 to the spectacle of murdering animals, it came the turn of men and the gladiators. -
Joint Barents Transport Plan Proposals for Development of Transport Corridors for Further Studies
Joint Barents Transport Plan Proposals for development of transport corridors for further studies September 2013 Front page photos: Kjetil Iversen, Rune N. Larsen and Sindre Skrede/NRK Table of Contents Table Summary 7 1 Introduction 12 1.1 Background 12 1.2 Objectives and members of the Expert Group 13 1.3 Mandate and tasks 14 1.4 Scope 14 1.5 Methodology 2 Transport objectives 15 2.1 National objectives 15 2.2 Expert Group’s objective 16 3 Key studies, work and projects of strategic importance 17 3.1 Multilateral agreements and forums for cooperation 17 3.2 Multilateral projects 18 3.4 National plans and studies 21 4 Barents Region – demography, climate and main industries 23 4.1 Area and population 23 4.2 Climate and environment 24 4.3 Overview of resources and key industries 25 4.4 Ores and minerals 25 4.5 Metal industry 27 4.6 Seafood industry 28 4.7 Forest industry 30 4.8 Petroleum industry 32 4.9 Tourism industry 35 4.10 Overall transport flows 37 4.11 Transport hubs 38 5 Main border-crossing corridors in the Barents Region 40 5.1 Corridor: “The Bothnian Corridor”: Oulu – Haparanda/Tornio - Umeå 44 5.2 Corridor: Luleå – Narvik 49 5.3 Corridor: Vorkuta – Syktyvkar – Kotlas – Arkhangelsk - Vartius – Oulu 54 5.4 Corridor: “The Northern Maritime Corridor”: Arkhangelsk – Murmansk – The European Cont. 57 5.5 Corridor: “The Motorway of the Baltic Sea”: Luleå/Kemi/Oulu – The European Continent 65 5.6 Corridor: Petrozavodsk – Murmansk – Kirkenes 68 5.7 Corridor: Kemi – Salla – Kandalaksha 72 5.8 Corridor: Kemi – Rovaniemi – Kirkenes 76 -
Argus Russian Coal
Argus Russian Coal Issue 17-36 | Monday 9 October 2017 MARKET COmmENTARY PRICES Turkey lifts coal imports from Russia Russian coal prices $/t Turkey increased receipts of Russian thermal coal by 9pc on Delivery basis NAR kcal/kg Delivery period 6 Oct ± 29 Sep the year in January-August, to 7.79mn t, according to data fob Baltic ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 86.97 -0.20 from statistics agency Tuik, amid higher demand from utili- fob Black Sea ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 90.63 -0.25 ties and households. Russian material replaced supplies from cif Marmara* 6,000 Nov 17 100.33 0.33 South Africa, which redirected part of shipments to more fob Vostochny 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 100.00 1.00 profitable markets in Asia-Pacific this year. fob Vostochny 5,500 Nov-Dec 17 87.0 0 1.75 *assessment of Russian and non-Russian coal In August Russian coal receipts rose to over 1.26mn t, up by 15pc on the year and by around 19pc on the month. Russian coal prices $/t This year demand for sized Russian coal is higher com- Delivery basis NAR kcal/kg Delivery period Low High pared with last year because of colder winter weather in 2016-2017, a Russian supplier says. Demand for coal fines fob Baltic ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 85.25 88.00 fob Black Sea ports 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 89.50 91.00 from utilities has also risen amid the launch of new coal- fob Vostochny 6,000 Nov-Dec 17 100.00 100.00 fired capacity, the source adds. -
MARITIME ACTIVITY in the HIGH NORTH – CURRENT and ESTIMATED LEVEL up to 2025 MARPART Project Report 1
MARITIME ACTIVITY IN THE HIGH NORTH – CURRENT AND ESTIMATED LEVEL UP TO 2025 MARPART Project Report 1 Authors: Odd Jarl Borch, Natalia Andreassen, Nataly Marchenko, Valur Ingimundarson, Halla Gunnarsdóttir, Iurii Iudin, Sergey Petrov, Uffe Jacobsen and Birita í Dali List of authors Odd Jarl Borch Project Leader, Nord University, Norway Natalia Andreassen Nord University, Norway Nataly Marchenko The University Centre in Svalbard, Norway Valur Ingimundarson University of Iceland Halla Gunnarsdóttir University of Iceland Iurii Iudin Murmansk State Technical University, Russia Sergey Petrov Murmansk State Technical University, Russia Uffe Jakobsen University of Copenhagen, Denmark Birita í Dali University of Greenland 1 Partners MARPART Work Package 1 “Maritime Activity and Risk” 2 THE MARPART RESEARCH CONSORTIUM The management, organization and governance of cross-border collaboration within maritime safety and security operations in the High North The key purpose of this research consortium is to assess the risk of the increased maritime activity in the High North and the challenges this increase may represent for the preparedness institutions in this region. We focus on cross-institutional and cross-country partnerships between preparedness institutions and companies. We elaborate on the operational crisis management of joint emergency operations including several parts of the preparedness system and resources from several countries. The project goals are: • To increase understanding of the future demands for preparedness systems in the High North including both search and rescue, oil spill recovery, fire fighting and salvage, as well as capacities fighting terror or other forms of destructive action. • To study partnerships and coordination challenges related to cross-border, multi-task emergency cooperation • To contribute with organizational tools for crisis management Project characteristics: Financial support: -Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, -the Nordland county Administration -University partners. -
Argus Nefte Transport
Argus Nefte Transport Oil transportation logistics in the former Soviet Union Volume XVI, 5, May 2017 Primorsk loads first 100,000t diesel cargo Russia’s main outlet for 10ppm diesel exports, the Baltic port of Primorsk, shipped a 100,000t cargo for the first time this month. The diesel was loaded on 4 May on the 113,300t Dong-A Thetis, owned by the South Korean shipping company Dong-A Tanker. The 100,000t cargo of Rosneft product was sold to trading company Vitol for delivery to the Amsterdam-Rotter- dam-Antwerp region, a market participant says. The Dong-A Thetis was loaded at Russian pipeline crude exports berth 3 or 4 — which can handle crude and diesel following a recent upgrade, and mn b/d can accommodate 90,000-150,000t vessels with 15.5m draught. 6.0 Transit crude Russian crude It remains unclear whether larger loadings at Primorsk will become a regular 5.0 occurrence. “Smaller 50,000-60,000t cargoes are more popular and the terminal 4.0 does not always have the opportunity to stockpile larger quantities of diesel for 3.0 export,” a source familiar with operations at the outlet says. But the loading is significant considering the planned 10mn t/yr capacity 2.0 addition to the 15mn t/yr Sever diesel pipeline by 2018. Expansion to 25mn t/yr 1.0 will enable Transneft to divert more diesel to its pipeline system from ports in 0.0 Apr Jul Oct Jan Apr the Baltic states, in particular from the pipeline to the Latvian port of Ventspils. -
Projected Construction of a Timber Industry Complex on the Sakhalin Island, Russia, Will Have the Capacity to Process Over 1.2 M
Projected construction of a timber industry complex on the Sakhalin island, Russia, will have the capacity to process 3 over 1.2 million m of raw material per year The ECC (Eurasian Communication Centre) along with WhatWood consultant agency had been tasked by the government of the Sakhalin region to conduct a study of the timber industry’s possible development directions within the Sakhalin area. This article presents the main findings of the study. By the directive of the Sakhalin regional government, it is planned to construct one of the largest wood processing centers in all of Russia. The complex will be located in the central part of the island withing the Tymovskoye urban locality. The project will incorporate a diversified range of production, including softwood lumber, cross-laminated timber products, linear meter timber products, fuel pellets, fuel chips and oriented strand board products. The timber industry takes up a position in the top-10 list of measures for implementing the “Strategy-2035” plan in the region. The economic feasibility of the timber industry construction within the Sakhalin region is apparent: availability of resources, proximity to major sales markets (China, Japan, Korea) and ready-made infrastructure. The target annual consumption of raw wood materials by the region’s timber industry is estimated be up to 1.2 million m3 per year. The species structure is mainly composed of conifers (77% softwood and 23% hardwood species). The annual allowable cut for the target forest districts (Okhtinskoe, Noglikskoe, Aleksandrovskoe, Tymovskoe, Smirnykhovskoe) adds up to 1.9 million m3 per year. The production site location is selected in such a way as to minimize the hauling distance. -
Japan's Karafuto Governorate (1905–1945): History and Social Memory
DOI: 10.24411/2658-6789-2019-10011 Japan’s Karafuto Governorate (1905–1945): History and Social Memory S.V. GRISHACHEV Abstract. The history of colonies under the rule of the Japanese Empire in the first half of the 20th century has not been explored well enough so far. For example, the history of Karafuto Governorate (1905–1945), which existed in southern Sakhalin, is covered very little, while some aspects of its history are not known at all. This article focuses on the history of Karafuto Governorate’s formation and its socio-economic structure, namely territorial development after the Russo-Japanese war, its role and status in the colonial system of Japan, the use of the island’s main economic resources and the creation of socio-cultural space, as well as along the memorialization of the colonial past of the Japanese Empire’s northern borders. In addition, this article describes the process of the governorate’s liquidation (it started after the accession of southern Sakhalin to the USSR after the Second World War) followed by passing the governance to the Soviet administration, co-residence of Soviet and Japanese people on the same territory in 1945–1948, the deportation of Japanese people and the fate of the Korean population of the island. The article gives examples of how the memory of the Japanese presence on Sakhalin Island is preserved in Japan and Russia today. Keywords: Karafuto Governorate, colonization, Japanese Empire, Toyohara, the Second World War, social memory. Historical Background From the moment relations between Russia and Japan were established and up to the end of World War II, Sakhalin Island was a territory which the two countries repeatedly divided between themselves.