ROCZNIK LUBUSKI Tom 42, cz. 2a, 2016 Sönke Friedreich* Ira Spieker** REFUGEES AND EXPELLEES IN RURAL SAXONY: LIFE AFTER 1945 “We are the receivers of a terrible legacy. Cities and villages lay waste, in- dustry and agriculture shattered, transportation infrastructure smashed and damaged, the people decimated, the societal health undermined, families torn apart, the people spent – everything in a state of collapse. (...) Want and misery is to be found on every street. Millions wander homelessly through villages and cities reduced to rubble, through deserted fields, without subsi- stence or a roof over their heads.” So drastically did the President of the Saxon State Administration (Landesverwaltung Sachsen) Rudolf Friedrichs (SPD) describe the situation after the end of the Second World War in his inaugural speech on 18 July 1945 (Just 1989, p. 145). This plain wording was undoubtedly due to the gravity of the occasion which provoked a certain kind of rhetoric. Never- theless, it described very accurately the situation in Germany and Saxony at the time. The task of rebuilding, as well as democratizing the socie- ty, appeared to be rather overwhelming in the immediate post-war period. The task extended to, and especially included, the rural society in industrial Saxony. As a consequence of the war unleashed by the National Socialists, appro- ximately 14 million Germans lost their homes in a mass movement of peoples through flight and eviction1. About 4.3 million of them wound up in the So- *Sönke Friedreich – Ph.D. in European Ethnology/Cultural Anthropology, In- stitute of Saxon History and Cultural Anthropology, Dresden; research intere- sts: regional culture, culture and everyday life of the industrialization era, work and work culture, biographical research, culture and history of Saxon; e-mail:
[email protected] **Ira Spieker – Ph.D.