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Quenya Reverse Wordlist

a a (1) vocative particle "O" in a vanimar "O SA:tum) "black deep valley", also tumbaletaurëa beautiful ones" (LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in "deepvalleyforested"; see Taurelilómëa- Letters:308) tumbalemorna... a a (2) "and", a variant of ar occurring in ác cá ("kâ") "jaw" (GL:37; later sources give Fíriel's Song (that also has ar; a seems to be used anca) before words in f-, but it is not known whether this acah haca- "squat" (GL:47) idea is valid in mature ) acám máca "each, every" (GL:41) a a (3), also á, imperative particle: a laita, acap paca ("k") "paved floor, court" (GL:63) laita te! "[o] bless them, bless them!", á acár ráca ("k") "wolf" (DARÁK) Manwë! "may Manwë order it!", literally *"o rule acaran naraca ("k") "harsh, rending, violent" Manwë!" (see laita, vala for reference) (NÁRAK) a a- (1) prefix occurring in the word acatap #pataca "consonant" (only pl. Atalante, said to denote "complete". Probably just a patacar ["k"] is attested) (VT39:8) prefixed stemvowel; cf. ANÁR, said to be derived accah hacca "buttocks, hams" (GL:47) from NAR. (TALÁT) accuip piucca "berry" (GL:64) a a- (2) a prefix occurring in the Markirya accurat tarucca ("k") "horned" (LT2:347) poem (Tolkien first used na-, then changed it). It is aceh heca! ("k") "be gone! stand aside!", prefixed to verbal stems following a word that is the also with pronominal suffixes hecat sg. and hecal pl. object of sense-verbs like "see" and "hear" and (WJ:364) describes what the object is doing, as in cenuva acén néca ("k") "pale, vague, faint, dim to lumbor ahosta[?] (changed from na-hosta), "who see", pl. nécë ("k") in Markirya shall see the clouds gather?" (hosta = "gather"). acia aica (1) ("k") "sharp" (AYAK) or "fell, ablo olba "branch" (PM:340; the form *olva terrible, dire" (PM:347; according to PM:363 seldom may be more frequent; olba can only occur in the applied to evil things). In Aicanáro, q.v. Quenya variant that uses lb for lv. The Etymologies, acia aica (2) ("k") "broad, vast" (LT2:338 - stem GÓLOB, has olwa. See also olvar.) this early "Qenya" form is probably obsoleted by # 1 abma amba "up, upwards" (adv.) (AM2 above) (UNU) ) aciaf faica ("k") "contemptible, mean" abmal lamba "tongue" (physical tongue, (SPAY) while lambë = "language") (WJ:394, LAB) acial laica (1) ("k") "keen, piercing" abman namba "a hammer" (NDAM), verb (LT2:337) namba- "to hammer" (NDAM) acial laica (2) "green" (but all other sources abmar ramba "wall" (RAM, SA) give laiqua) (Letters:283) abmarulI #Iluramba pl. Ilurambar "Walls acialatsaL Lastalaica ("k") "sharp-ears" of the World" (IL, RAMBÂ) (name) (LAS2) abmat tamba- "to knock, keep on knocking" aciam maica ("maika") "sharp, piercing" (TAM) (SA:maeg), also noun maica ("k") "blade of a cutting abmel lemba "left behind" (LEB/LEM) tool or weapon, especially sword-blade" (VT39:11) abmih himba "adhering, sticking" (KHIM) aciar raica ("k") "crooked, bent, wrong" abmil limba "a drop" (LIB1) (RÁYAK, VT39:7), pl. raicar in LR:47 (read *raicë abmir rimba "frequent, numerous" (RIM) in mature Quenya) abmol lomba "secret" (LT1:255) acíl ilca- ("k") "gleam (white)", participle abmor romba "horn, trumpet" (ROM) ilcala with pl. allative ending ilcalannar in Markirya abmut tumba "deep valley" (Letters:308; (axor ilcalannar "on bones gleaming") SA:tum and TUB gives tumbo "valley, deep valley"); aciom moica ("k") "gentle, soft" (GL:58) apparently an extended form *tumbalë in aciop poica ("k") "clean, pure" (POY) tumbalemorna "deepvalleyblack" or (according to acios soica ("k") "thirsty" (VT39:11)

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acíp píca- ("k") "lessen, dwindle, waning"; acrat tarca ("k") "horn" (TARÁK) participle pícala "waning" (with locative ending: acre erca ("k") "prickle, spine"; verb erca- pícalassë) in Markirya ("k") "to prick" (ERÉK) acip pica ("k") "small spot, dot" (PIK) acrem [merca ("k") "wild" (MERÉK)] acla alca ("k") "ray of light" (AKLA-R) acrev verca ("k") "wild" (BERÉK) aclawn nwalca ("k") "cruel" (ÑGWAL; this acric circa ("k") "sickle" (KIRIK) must represent earlier *ñwalca = *ngwalca; these acricalaV Valacirca "Sickle of the Gods", a forms are not given in Etym, but compare nwalmë. In name of the Great Bear (Big Dipper) constellation writing, the initial NW would be represented (SA:val-, MR:388, KIRIK, OT/OTOS/OTOK) by the letter nwalmë.) acsi isca ("k") "pale" (LT1:256) acleh helca ("helka") "icy, icecold" (misprint acuac cauca ("k") "crooked" (LT1:257; cf. "helk" in the Etymologies, stem KHELEK; both the cawin) Silmarillion Appendix and LT1:254 have helka) acuaf fauca ("k") "thirsty" (PHAU) aclev velca ("k") "flame" (LT1:260; nár, acual lauca ("k") "warm" (LAW) nárë would be the normal word in mature Quenya) acuan nauca ("k") "stunted" (VT39:7), acleyt tyelca ("k") "swift, agile" (KYELEK), adjective especially applied to things that though in "hasty" (PM:353) themselves full-grown were smaller or shorter than aclim milca ("k") "greedy" (MIL-IK) their kind, and were hard, twisted or ill-shapen aclus sulca ("k") "root" (especially as edible) (WJ:413) In early "Qenya", nauca was the noun (SÚLUK) "" (LT1:261), but this is in mature Quenya aclut tulca (1) ("k") "firm, strong, nauco. immovable, steadfast" (TULUK). Early "Qenya" also acuara arauca ("k") "swift, rushing" has a verb tulca- ("k") "fix, set up, establish" (LT2:347) (LT1:270); this word may still be valid in mature acuel leuca ("k") (2) (probably a misreading Quenya. for *lenca) "loose, slacken" (LEK) aclut tulca (2) ("k") "yellow". Adopted and acuel leuca (1) "snake" (Appendix E) adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399) acuit tiuca ("k") "thick, fat" (TIW) acna anca "jaws, row of teeth" (ÁNAK adl -lda "your" (sg.), possessive suffix [there spelt anca], NAK [there spelt anka], Appendix attested only in the phrase Arwen vanimalda "Arwen E, SA - despite what Christopher Tolkien says in the your beauty", sc. "O beautiful Arwen", and in entry anca in SA, the Quenya word anca as such meletyalda "your majesty" (WJ:369) Arwen does NOT appear in the dragon-name vanimalda was changed to Arwen vanimelda in the Ancalagon, but its Sindarin cognate anc does. See second edition of LotR, so Tolkien may have decided ÁNAK in the Etymologies.) Also name of tengwa 15 to re-interpret the phrase as *"Arwen, beautiful (Appendix E). Despite its English gloss, anca is a (Elda)". The ending for "your" appear as -lya singular word (in Etym the gloss is indeed "jaw", not elsewhere; -lda may be used in vocatives only. "jaws"). (LotR1:II ch. 6) acnam manca- ("k") "trade" (MBAKH) adla alda "tree" (GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, acnas sanca (Þ) ("k") "cleft, split" (STAK) Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, 340, acnat tanca ("k") "firm, fixed, sure" (TAK) VT39:7), also name of tengwa 28 (Appendix E). Pl. acnel *lenca ("k") (2) - see leuka aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in acnel lenca ("k") (1) "slow" (LT2:34 ) Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426. acnu unca- ("k") "hollow out" (UNUK) adlah halda "veiled, hidden, shadowed, acnulut tulunca ("k") "steady, firm" shady" (opposed to helda "stripped bare") (SKAL1) (LT1:270; in mature Quenya tulca) adlam malda "gold" (as metal - but LotR acrac carca "tooth" (KARAK) or "fang" gives malta, q.v.) (SMAL) (SA:carak-). When referring to a normal tooth, not adlaminav vanimalda *"your beautiful"; necessarily sharp, the word nelet is probably to be Arwen vanimalda "Arwen your beauty = beautiful preferred. Cf. pl. carcar ("karkar") in Markirya, there Arwen" (WJ:369; Tolkien emended vanimalda to translated "rocks", evidently referring to sharp rocks. vanimelda in the second edition of LotR; see under Already the early "Qenya Lexicon" has carca ("k") vanima) "fang, tooth, tusk" (LT2:344). Collective carcanë, adlamisíN #Nísimalda pl. Nísimaldar q.v. "Flagrant trees", a region in Númenor (UT:167; acral larca ("k") "swift, rapid" (LAK2) evidently #nísima "flagrant", attested here only, + acrala alarca ("k") swift, rapid" (LAK2) aldar "trees"). acrap parca ("k") "dry" (PÁRAK)

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adlamuluc culumalda a kind of tree adnal landa "wide" (LAD) (evidently orange-tree, culuma + alda) (SA:mal-) adnamagnA Angamanda "Iron-gaol", adlan nalda "valley" used as an adjective Sindarin Angband; see Angamando. (LT1:261) adnan nanda "water-mead, watered plain" adlaraval lavaralda (changed from lavarin) (NAD) some kind of tree (alda) (LR:57) adnan nanda- ("ñ") "to harp" adlav valda "worth, worthy, dear" (GL:23) (ÑGAN/ÑGÁNAD) adlayteleM narA Aran Meletyalda "king adnap panda "enclosure" (PAD) your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369). adnar randa "cycle, age" (100 Valian Years) adlaytelem meletyalda "your mighty" = (RAD) "your majesty" (see -lda; #meletya = *"mighty"). In adnas sanda (Þ) "firm, true, abiding" full Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" (WJ:369) (STAN) adle elda 1. adj. "of the stars", 2. noun adnav vanda "oath, pledge, solemn promise" (Elda) = one of the people of the Stars, high-elf (CO) (SA:êl, elen, ELED, ÉLED; note that Tolkien adnawgnet tengwanda "alphabet" (TEK) abandoned a former etymology with "depart"), chiefly adnayh hyanda "blade, share" (LT2:342) in the pl Eldar (WJ:362, cf. GAT(H), TELES). Gen. adnecutal latucenda ("k") "of tin" (LT1:268) pl. Eldaron (WJ:368, PM:395, 402); dative pl. eldain adnef fenda "threshold" (PHEN) "for elves", for Eldar (FS); possessive sg. Eldava adnemun numenda- "get low (of the Sun)" "Elf's" (WJ:407); possessive pl. Eldaiva (WJ:368), (also númeta-) (LT1:263; in mature Quenya núta-) Eldaivë governing a plural word (WJ:369). The word adnen [nenda] (2) "sloping" (DEN, struck Eldar properly refers to the non-Avari Elves only, out) but since Eldar rarely had any contact with the Avari, adnen nenda (1) "watery, wet" (NEN) it could be used for "elves" in general (in LT1:251, adnep penda "sloping down, inclined" Elda is simply glossed "Elf"). (PEN/PÉNED) adleh helda "naked, stripped bare" (SKEL, adnepabma ambapenda "uphill" (adj.) SKAL1) (AM2) adlem melda "beloved" (MEL); meldielto adnepma ampenda "uphill" (adj.) (AM2) "they are beloved" (sc. meld[a]-ië-lto "beloved-are- adnes senda "resting, at peace" (SED) they" - both the stative verb ending -ië "is/are" and adnif finda "having hair, -haired" (the gloss the ending -lto "they" may be obsolete in mature "-haired" evidently means that finda may be used in Quenya) (FS) compounds, like *carnifinda "red-haired") (PM:340) adlemassen nessamelda "Nessa-beloved", adnil linda "fair, beautiful" (SLIN, LIND) name of a tree (UT:167) adniL Linda pl. Lindar "Singers", what the adlereP #Perelda pl. Pereldar "Half-elven" Teleri called themselves (WJ:380, MR:349, UT:253). (= Sindarin Peredhil) (Letters:282), in the It seems that Lindar is also interpreted "the Etymologies used of the Danas or Nandor (PER). Beautiful" (cf. linda "fair, beautiful"), but this adles selda (meaning not clear, perhaps the interpretation seems to belong primarily to Tolkien's feminine form of seldë "child", hence *"girl") (SEL- earlier conception, when Lindar was the name of the D) First Clan, the later Vanyar (which name similarly adlet telda (1) "last, final" (WJ:407) means "the Fair"). Adj. Lindarin = Telerin (but adlet telda (2) "having a roof" (LT1:268, Tolkien first held it to be = Vanyarin, since the First LT2:348; this "Qenya" word is evidently obsoleted by Clan, the later Vanyar, were for a while called Lindar # 1 above) – before Tolkien decided to apply this name to the adley [yelda] "friendly, dear as friend" third clan, the Teleri) (TÂ/TA3) (YEL, struck out) adnilapac capalinda ("k") "spring of water" adlin nilda "friendly, loving" (NIL/NDIL) (LT1:257; ehtelë is to be preferred in mature Quenya) adlop polda "strong, burly" (POL/POLOD) adnilutnil lintulinda, lintulindova *"many- adluc culda ("k") "flame-coloured, golden- ???", *"swift-???" (Narqelion) red" (KUL) adnim minda "prominent, conspicuous" adlun nulda "secret" (DUL) (MINI) adluy yulda "draught", pl. yuldar (Nam, adnir rinda "circular" (RIN) RGEO:66) adnis sinda (Þ) "grey"; nominal pl. Sindar adna anda "long" (adj.) (ÁNAD/ANDA). used = "Grey-elves", lit. *"Grey ones"; see WJ:375. adnah handa "understanding, intelligent" Gen. pl. Sindaron in WJ:369. With general meaning (KHAN) "grey" also in Sindacollo > Singollo "Grey-cloak,

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Thingol" (SA:thin(d); see also sindë, Sindicollo); universe (WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote), but this sindanórië "grey land", ablative sindanóriello term for the universe "was not held to include [souls?] "from/out of a grey country" (Nam). However, other and spirits" (VT39:20). Early "Qenya" also has a sources give sindë (q.v.) as the Quenya word for word ëa "" (LT1:251, LT2:338), but this is "grey"; perhaps sinda came to mean primarily "Grey- certainly obsoleted by soron, sornë in mature elf" as a noun. Derived adjective Sindarin "Grey- Quenya. elven", normally used of the Grey-elven language. aedla aldëa "tree-shadowed" (LT1:249) (Appendix F) aedlA Aldëa what the Númenóreans called adnit tinda (1) "glinting, silver" (adj.) (TIN) the fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week; see adnit tinda (2) "spike" (LT1:258; probably Aldúya. obsoleted by # 1 above) aedne #endëa adj. "middle" in atendëa, q.v. adniw winda "woof" (LT1:254) aednecurip pirucendëa ("k") "whirling adnohacnis sincahonda "flint-hearted" lightly" (MC:215; this is "Qenya") (LotR3:VI ch. 6) aedneta atendëa "double-middle", name of adnorov voronda "steadfast in allegiance, in the two enderi or middle-days that occurred in leap- keeping oath or promise, faithful", used as a title of years according to the calendar of Imladris (Appendix Voronda "Elendil the Faithful"; genitive D, first edition of LotR) Vorondo in CO. Only glossed "faithful" in LT1:250. aelatneuqemúl lúmequentalëa ("q") adnumadna andamunda "elephant" "historical" (LU) (MBUD) aelecian naicelëa ("k") "painful" (NÁYAK) adnur runda "rough piece of wood" (RUD) aelednil lindelëa "melodious" (LT1:258) adnut tunda- "kindle" (LT1:270; rather aeliam mailëa "lustful" (MIL-IK) tinta- in mature Quenya) aelú úlëa "pouring, flooding, flowing" adnut tunda "tall" (TUN) (ULU) adra arda "realm" (GAR under 3AR); Arda aemó #ómëa "vowel" (only pl. ómëar "the Realm", name of the Earth as the kingdom of attested); this refers to vowels considered as Arda (Silm). It is said that arda "meant any more or independent phonemes, according to Fëanor's new less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402 cf. insights on phonemics. Also #óma-tengwë. (VT39:8) 413), once translated "Earth" (SD:246). Also name of aemól *lómëa "gloomy" in Lómëanor tengwa 26 (Appendix E). "Gloomyland"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna... adrah harda (not glossed, evidently a variant aemrum murmëa "slumbrous" (LT1:261) of arda "realm") (EN) aemú úmëa "evil" (UGU/UMU). Is this adran narda "knot" (SNAR) connected to úmëai in Narqelion, perhaps a "Qenya" adranelE Elenarda "Star-kingdom", upper plural form? sky (3AR) aemúlay yalúmëa "olden" (YA) adras sarda "hard" (VT39:17); pl. sardë aemún númëa "in the West" (actually an "hards" may be used in the same sense as sarda adjective *"western", mature Quenya númenya) tengwi, q.v. (As an independent form we would (LT1:263) rather expect a nominal pl. sardar.) aemúre erúmëa "outer, outermost" adratnE Entarda "Thither Lands, Middle- (LT1:262) earth, Outer Lands, East" (seen from Aman) (EN) aen nëa an optative form of the verb na- "to adraV Varda "the Sublime", name of a be"? (nëa = mature Quenya nai?). ya rato nëa Valië, spouse of Manwë (BARATH, BARÁD, *"which soon may (it) be" = *"which I hope will be WJ:402; in Letters:282 Varda is translated the soon" (Arct) "Lofty"), the Queen of the Valar, spouse of Manwë, aenavú úvanëa "without beauty" (VT39:14) called Elbereth in Sindarin; genitive Vardo (for aenrodnil lindornëa "having many oak- *Vardao). (Nam, RGEO:66). Vardamir masc. name, trees" (adj.) (DÓRON, LI) *"Varda-jewel" (Appendix A); vardarianna aeráf fárëa "enough"; ufárëa "not enough" ?"Varda-gift", name of a tree (but the ri element is (FS). Etym has farëa "enough, sufficient" (PHAR) obscure) (UT:167) aeráfu ufárëa "not enough" (FS). Cf. ú- "un- adre erda "solitary, deserted" (LT1:269) " and fárëa "enough, sufficient" (read *úfárëa?) adroc corda ("k") "temple" (LT1:257) aerámla almárëa "blessed" (GALA) adrol lorda "drowsy, slumbrous" (LT1:259) aeráy yárëa "olden" (YA) ae ëa ("eä") "is" (CO), in a more absolute aerelet telerëa adj. corresponding to Teler sense ("exists", VT39:7) than the copula ná. Eä "it is" (LT1:267; perhaps rather Telerin in mature Quenya) or "let it be", used as a noun for "All Creation", the

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aerioc coirëa "living" (glossed "alive" in MC:213), vëassë "on sea" (MC:220). Cf. also LT1:257), coirëa quenya "living speech" (PM:399) vëacirya. aeró órëa "of the dawn, Eastern" (LT1:264) aeván #návëa "consonant" (only pl. návëar aeródloP Poldórëa "Valiant"; as title of ["ñ"] is attested) (VT39:8) Tulkas replaced by Astaldo (POL/POLOD, MR:146, aevár rávëa "roaring" (adj.) (Markirya) 149); poldórëa is glossed "mighty" in GL:64. aeviuc cuivëa ("k") "wakening" (adj) aeródnil lindórëa ??? (Narqelion) (KUY). aerólo olórëa "dreamy" (LT1:259 - replaced aevle elvëa "starlike, like stars", pl. elvië in by olosta, UT:396?) Markirya aeruac caurëa ("k") "timid" (LT1:257) aevú úvëa "abundant, in very great number, aerual laurëa "golden, like gold", pl. laurië very large" (UB) (Nam, RGEO:66). aewgnen nengwëa "nasal" (NEÑ-WI) aeruama †amaurëa "dawn, early day" agna anga "iron", also name of tengwa 7 (poetic word) (Markirya) (ANGÂ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268) aeruat #taurëa "forested" in agnaf fanga "beard" (SPÁNAG) Tumbaletaurëa, see Taurelilómëa- agnafadnA #Andafanga pl. Andafangar tumbalemorna... "Longbeards", one of the tribes of the Dwarves (= aerúl lúrëa "dark, overcast" (LT1:259) Sigin-tarâg and Sindarin Anfangrim) aerúp púrëa "smeared, discoloured" (PM:320) (Markirya) agnar ranga (pl. rangar is attested) "yard, aesa asëa see asëa aranion full pace". This Númenórean linar measure was aessallil lillassëa "having many leaves", pl. "slightly longer than our yard, approximately 38 lillassië in Markirya (ve tauri lillassië, lit. *"like inches [= 96.5 cm]". (UT:285, 461) many-leaved forests", is translated "like leaves of agnas sanga (Þ) "crowd, press, throng" forests" in MC:215) (STAG, SA:thang, LT2:342; pl. sangar (?) twice in aessamiac caimassëa ("k") "bedridden, sick" Narqelion). In Sangahyando (Þ) "Throng-cleaver", (KAY) name of a man in (SA:thang; a footnote in aesse essëa ?"primary" (gloss not certainly Letters:425 explains that "throng" here means a legible); read probably *yessëa in mature Quenya; closely formed body of enemy soldiers. In the see esta. (ESE/ESET) Etymologies, stems STAG, SYAD, sangahyando is aessere eressëa "lonely" (ERE, LT1:269). said to be a swordname, and LT2:342 likewise Eressëa "Lonely (One)", often used by itself for Tol defines the word as a name of Turambar's sword: Eressëa, the Lonely Isle (Silm). In early "Qenya", "cleaver of throngs, Throng-cleaver". eressë was an adjective or adverb: "singly, only, agnav vanga "beard" (LT2:344, GL:21; in alone" (LT1:269), but in mature Quenya it is a noun. mature Quenya fanga) aesserE loT Tol Eressëa "Lonely Isle" agnay yanga- "to yawn" (YAG) (LONO, Silm), also spelt Tol-Eressëa (ERE), Tol- agne enga "save" (= except) (FS) eressëa (TOL2) agnep penga- "pout" (VT39:11) aessuluytnil lintyulussëa "having many agni inga "top, highest point" (PM:340), also poplars" (LI) adj. "first" (ING) aet tëa "indicates" (evidently a present-tense agnil linga- "hang, dangle" (LING/GLING) stem) (VT39:6) agnir ringa "cold" (Markirya); the aetnalata atalantëa "ruinous, downfallen", Etymologies gives ringë (RINGI), but it seems that pl. atalantië in Markirya (changed to sg. atalantëa - ringa is to be preferred. In early "Qenya", ringa is this change does not make sense, since the adjective glossed "damp, cold, chilly" (LT1:265) undoubtedly modifies a plural noun). agnirif firinga "carcanet, necklace" aetonu unotëa, also unotë (read *únotëa, (LT2:346, GL:36) *únotë?) "not counted, uncounted" (VT39:14) agnit tinga- (not glossed, evidently meaning aeuqninein nieninquëa ("q") adj. *"to twang, make a twang") (TING/TANG) "snowdrop-like" (MC:215) agniuq quinga ("q") "bow" (for shooting) aev vëa (1) "adult, manly, vigorous" (WEG) (KWIG, LT1:256) aev vëa (2) "sea" (MC:213, 214, 216; this is agniuquli iluquinga ("q") "rainbow" "Qenya" and certainly obsoleted by # 1 above; use (LT2:348) ëar in mature Quenya). Inflected vëan "sea" agniw winga "foam, spray" (Markirya). Also (MC:220), vëar "in sea" (a "Qenya" locative in -r, wingë. agnul lunga "heavy" (LUG1)

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agnut tunga "taut, tight" (of strings:) power" (sc. over the matter of Eä), also used as a "resonant" (TUG) noun "a Power" (WJ:403). The verb vala- "rule, aha aha "rage", also name of tengwa 11, order", used with reference to the Valar only, is earlier called harma (Appendix E) attested only in the sentences á vala Manwë! "may ai [ia "ever" (GEY, EY); replaced by oia.] Manwë order it!" and Valar valuvar "the will of the aiaccE Ekkaia name of the outer ocean: for Valar will be done" (WJ:404). However, Tolkien did *et-gaya? (Silm) not associate the word Valar with power from the aiaM pl. Maiar "the Beautiful" beginning; it apparently meant "the happy ones" in (MR:49), the lesser (= non-Vala) that entered Tolkien's original conception; cf. valto, vald- Eä. Variant Máyar in PM:363, 364 (is this to be (LT2:348) understood as the older form?) alavúli ilúvala "omnipotent" (VT39:20) aiav vaia < waia (also vaiya < waiya) ale ela! "behold!" (directing sight to an "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air actually visible object) (WJ:362) enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world- além méla "loving, affectionate" (VT39:10) walls (WAY) alév véla "see" (Arct); present/continuative aiaw waia > vaia "envelope", especially of tense of a verbal stem #vel-? the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the aliac caila ("k") "lying in bed, sickness" Ilurambar or world-walls (WAY) (also vaiya, waiya) (KAY) ail lia "fine thread, spider filament" (SLIG). aliaf faila "fair-minded, just, generous" Cf. lia "twine" (LT1:271) (PM:352) ailacut tucalia ("k") ??? (Narqelion) alísis sisíla- is said to be the "frequentative" aio oia "everlasting" (OY) form of sil- (MC:223); the participle sisílala in aiut tuia- "sprout, spring" (Tolkien's gloss is Markirya is simply translated "shining". actually "sprouts, springs", since this is also the 3. aliti itila "twinkling, glinting" pers. sg. present tense) (TUY) alitnalal lalantila ??? (Narqelion) ál lá "no, not" (LA) alitnit tintila- "twinkle", present pl. tintilar ala ala "after, beyond" (MC:221, 214; (Nam, RGEO:67) mature Quenya has pella "beyond" and evidently allah halla "tall" (Appendix E, footnote) #apa "after") allan nalla ??? (Narqelion) ala ala- (prefix) "not" (GALA); evidently in allap palla "wide, expansive" (PAL) Alamanyar allatepmis simpetalla ??? (Narqelion) alac cala ("k") "light" (noun, KAL). allelet telella adj. corresponding to Telellë Concerning the "Qenya" verb cala-, see cal. (LT1:267) alacáh hácala ("k") "yawning", a participle allemúf fúmella "poppy" (also fúmellot) occurring in the Markirya poem, derived from an (LT1:253) (otherwise unattested) verb #háca- "yawn". allep pella "beyond", apparently a alae ëala "being, spirit" (pl. ëalar is postposition rather than a preposition: Andúnë pella attested), spirits whose natural state it is to exist "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the without a physical body, like (MR:165) stars" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya) alah hala "(small) fish" (KHAL1, SKAL2) allet tella "hindmost, last" (TELES) alal lala "no indeed not, on the contrary" alleze ezella, ezel "green" (in Vanyarin ("also used for asking incredulous questions") (LA) Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. alal lala- (1) "laugh" (PM:359) (WJ:399) alal lala- (2) "to deny" (LA) alliram marilla "pearl" (LT1:265) alaV Vala "Power, God, angelic power", pl. alliril lirilla "lay, song" (LT1:258) Valar or Vali (BAL, Appendix E, LT2:348). The alliris sirilla ??? (Narqelion) Valar are a group of immensely powerful spirits alloc colla "borne, worn" (past participle of guarding the world on behalf of its Creator; they are col- "bear"); also used as a noun = "vestment, cloak" sometimes called Gods, though this is strictly wrong (MR:385). Variant form collo "cloak" (SA:thin(d) ) in according to Christian terminology: the Valar were the name Sindicollo (q.v.), sc. colla with a masculine created. The noun vala is also the name of tengwa 22 ending. (Appendix E). Gen. pl. Valion "of the Valar" (FS); allun nulla "dark, dusky, obscure" (NDUL), this form shows the pl. Vali, (irregular) alternative to "secret" (DUL) Valar (the gen.pl. could certainly be *Valaron as aló óla- "to dream" (said to be "impersonal", well). Pl. allative valannar *"to/on the Valar" probably meaning that the dreamer is mentioned in (LR:47, 56; SD:246). Vala is properly a verb "has the dative rather than the nominative) (UT:396)

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alón nóla ("ñ") (1) "wise, learned" (ÑGOL) may mean "apt to X", as in Fírimar "mortals", (note that this and the next nóla would be spelt literally "those apt to die" (WJ:387) differently in Tengwar writing, and originally they amiac caima ("k") "bed" (KAY) were also pronounced differently, since nóla "wise, amiav vaima "robe" (LT1:271) learned" was ñóla in First Age Quenya). amiay yaima "implement" (evidently noun) alón nóla (2) "round head, knoll" (NDOL) (GL:37) alosto otsola "week" (evidently referring to a amicúr rúcima ("k") "terrible" (WJ:415) week of seven days like our own, since otso = seven). amilac calima "bright"; see ancalima (GL:62) amilacna ancalima "most bright, brightest", alóyh hyóla "trump" (SD:419) sc. calima "bright" with a superlative or intensive alumlu ulmula "mumbling" (MC:214; this is prefix (LotR2:IV ch. 9; see Letters:385 for "Qenya") translation). alúy yúla "ember, smouldering wood" amilem melima "loveable, fair" (MEL); (YUL) Melimar a name of the Lindar (in Tolkien's former ám má "hand" (MA3, LT2:339, Narqelion), conception = the later Vanyar, not the Teleri) (MEL) dual *mát "a pair of hands" attested with a amileyt tyelima "final" (KYEL) pronominal suffix: máryat "his/her (pair of) hands" amilio oilima "last" (MC:213, 214; this is (see -rya, -t) (Nam, RGEO:67), pl. allative mannar "Qenya"), inflected or lengthened form oilimain "last "into hands" (FS). Cf. -maitë "-handed". (pl.)" (MC:221), oilimaisen "(MC:221), oilimaite ama ama not glossed, evidently meaning "last" (MC:214, 221) "up" like the prefix am- (UNU) amilis silima the substance the amál láma "ringing sound, echo" (LAM) were made of, invented by Fëanor (SA:sil) amállan nalláma, nallama "echo" (LAM) amilóf fólima "secretive" (LT2:340; amám máma "sheep" (WJ:395) "Qenya" spelling fôlima) amar rama- "to shout" (LT1:259) aminav vanima "beautiful, fair" (BAN, amár ráma "wing", pl. rámar (RAM, Nam, VT39:14) (glossed "proper, right, fair" in early RGEO:66, LT2:335); Markirya has both nominative "Qenya", LT1:272); nominal pl. vanimar "beautiful pl. rámar "wings" and instrumental pl. rámainen ones", partitive pl. genitive vanimálion, translated "of *"with wings" (translated "on wings" by Tolkien); beautiful children", but literally meaning *"of [some] rámali "wings" in MC:213 would be a partitive pl. in beautiful ones") (LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in mature Quenya. Variant rámë in the names Letters:308). Arwen vanimalda "Beautiful Arwen", Eärrámë, Alquarámë, q.v. literally "Arwen your beauty" (see -lda for reference; amás sáma "mind" (pl. sámar is given) changed to Arwen vanimelda in the second edition (VT39:23) of LotR) amét téma "row, series, line" (pl. témar amír ríma "edge, hem, border" (RÎ) attested) (TEÑ, Appendix E) amiráynava avanyárima "not to be told or amétamlac calmatéma "k-series", velar related" (WJ:370) series: the third column of the Tengwar system amiráynú únyárima "impossible to recount" (Appendix E) (because all the facts are not known, or the tale is to amétamrap parmatéma "p-series", labials, long) (WJ:370) the second column of the Tengwar system (Appendix amirí írima "lovely, beautiful, desirable" E). (ID, FS), in FS also pl. írimar; in the "Qenya" of amétepleyt tyelpetéma "palatal series" Fíriel's Song, adjectives in -a form their plurals in -ar (Appendix E) instead of -ë as in mature Quenya. amétesseuq quessetéma "qu-series", amiríf fírima "mortal" (PHIR); Fírima pl. velarized series: fourth column of the Tengwar Fírimar "those apt to die", "mortals", an Elvish name system (Appendix E) of Mortal Men (WJ:387); fírimoin "for men", a amétocnit tincotéma "t-series", dental series, dative pl. of Fírimor, "mortals, Men", occurring in first column of the Tengwar system (Appendix E) Fíriel's Song. Tolkien later changed Fírimor to ami -ima adjectival suffix. Sometimes it is Fírimar, so the dative would probably be *fírimain used to derive simple adjectives, like vanima "fair" or in mature Quenya. calima "bright"; it can also take on the meaning "- amirim mirima "free" (MIS) able", as in úquétima "unspeakable" (from quet- amirís sírima "liquid, flowing" (LT1:265) "speak"). Note that the stem-vowel is lengthened in amiroc corima ("k") "round" (LT1:257) the derivatives where -ima means "-able"). "X-ima" amirov vorima "continual, repeated" (BOR), early "Qenya" gloss "everlasting" (LT1:250)

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amiróv vórima (more or less identical to amlaham mahalma "throne", nominative pl. vorima above?) "steadfast in allegiance, in keeping mahalmar "thrones" and locative pl. mahalmassen oath or promise, faithful"; genitive vórimo in a in CO. Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:399) variant of CO; see UT:317 amlas salma "lyre" (LT1:265) amírranA Anarríma name of a constellation: amlat talma "base, foundation, root" *"Sun-border"??? (Silm; cf. LR:383, stem (TALAM); Talmar Ambaren (place-name, RÎ) *"Foundations of the World" - this is "Qenya" with amisín #nísima "flagrant", isolated from genitive in -en instead of -o as in mature Quenya) Nísimaldar, q.v. (TALAM) amissen nessima "youthful" (NETH) amlayh hyalma "shell, conch, horn of amitém métima "last" (Markirya), in Ulmo" (SYAL) Markirya also twice métim', since the following amlec celma ("k") "channel" (KEL) words (auressë, andúnë) begin in an a. amleh helma "skin, fell" (SKEL) amitéuqava avaquétima "not to be said, that amleht thelma (Þelma) see *selma must not be said" (WJ:370) amles *selma (Þ) "a fixed idea, will" amitéuqú úquétima "unspeakable", sc. (WJ:319; only the archaic/Vanyarin form Þelma impossible to say, put into words; also [thelma] is given) "unpronounceable" (WJ:370) amlet telma "a conclusion, anything used to amitónú #únótima "numberless", only pl. finish off a work or affair", often applied to the last únótimë attested (ú-nót-imë "not-count-able") (Nam, item in a structure, such as a coping-stone, or a RGEO:66, Appendix E) topmost pinnacle (WJ:411). In the Etymologies, the amitsi istima adj. "having knowlegde" (IS) word telma seems to mean "base" or "bottom", amiut tuima "sprout, bud" (noun) (TUY) allative telmanna in the phrase telmello telmanna aml #-lma pronominal ending "our", attested "from hood to base, from crown to foot, top to (with the genitive ending -o that displaces final -a) in bottom". (TEL/TELU) the word omentielmo "of our meeting". This "our" is amley yelma "loathing" (prob. noun; plural inclusive. Frodo (it seems) improperly used it perhaps a misreading; we would rather expect in the greeting "a star shines on the hour of our *yelmë) (DYEL) meeting": Since he and the Elf he was speaking to amleyt tyelma "ending" (FS) constituted only two persons, he should have used the amlI Ilma "starlight" (GIL) dual inclusive instead. The correct form omentielvo amlir rilma "glittering light" (RIL) occurs in some of the manuscripts of the Red Book. amlis silma "silver, shining white" (adj.) See Letters:447. (SIL) amla alma "good fortune, weal, wealth" amliw wilma "air, lower air" (distinct from (GALA [ALAM]) the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') (WIL) amlac calma "lamp, a light", also name of amlo olma "nine" (LT1:258; in mature tengwa 3 (Appendix E, KAL). In early "Qenya", Quenya nertë) calma ("k") meant "daylight" (LT1:254; in MC:213, amlut tulma "bier" (LT1:270) the word is translated "light"). Plural instrumental amluy yulma (1) "cup" (Nam, RGEO:67), calmainen ("k") "lights-by", by lights (MC:216) "drinking-vessel" (WJ:416) amlac-oviac caivo-calma ("k") "corpse- amluy yulma (2) "brand" (YUL). May have light" = corpsecandle (MC:214; this is "Qenya": in been obsoleted by # 1 above. mature Quenya loicolícuma) amluyt tyulma "mast" (TYUL, SD:419). amlaf falma "(crested/foaming) wave" "Qenya" pl. tyulmin "masts" in MC:216; read (PHAL/PHÁLAS); partitive pl. allative falmalinnar *tyulmar in mature Quenya. "on the foaming waves" in Namárië (Nam, ammal lamma "sound" (noun) (LAM) RGEO:67). In Falmari, a name of the Teleri, and amó óma "voice" (OM), "voice, resonance Mar-nu-Falmar, "Home/Land under Waves", a of the vocal chords" (VT39:16); *ómarya "his/her name of Númenor after the Downfall. (SA:falas) voice"; genitive ómaryo "of his/her voice" (Nam, Falmari "wave-folk", a name of the Teleri (PM:386). RGEO:67). Instrumental pl. ómainen "with voices" -In earlier "Qenya", falma was glossed "foam" (WJ:391). Óma also seems to mean "vowel", cf. the (LT1:253, cf. MC:213). Compare also the early compounds ómataina "vocalic extension", the "Qenya" words falmar "wave as it breaks" addition to the base a final vowel identical to the (LT1:253), pl. falmari "waves" (MC:216) stem-vowel (sundóma) (WJ:371, 417), ómatehtar "vowel-signs", signs used for vowels (usually called

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simply tehtar, strictly including all kinds of influence of pure Quenya telumë (WJ:399, 411). Pl. ) (WJ:396) tellumar is attested (Nam, RGEO:66). amódnus sundóma *"base-vowel" (sundo + amuluc culuma ("k") "orange" (fruit not óma), the determinant vowel of a "base" or root colour) (KUL) (Christopher Tolkien gives the example KAT, which amúr rúma- "shift, move, heave (of large stem has the sundóma A; the stem TALAT has the and heavy things)"; participle rúmala in Markirya; sundóma repeated; in derivative forms the sundóma this was changed to rúma, evidently the naked verbal might be placed before the first consonant; e.g. stem used as participle ATALAT) (WJ:319) amús súma "hollow cavity, bosom"; cf. amór róma (1) "horn" (WJ:368 - this refers súmaryassë "in her bosom" (súma-rya-ssë "bosom- to a "horn" as an instrument rather than as part of an her-in") in Markirya animal; see rassë, tarca) amút túma "moving" (MC:214; this is amór róma (2) "loud sound, trumpet-sound" "Qenya") (ROM) an na "to, towards" (NÂ1) amór róma (3) "shoulder" (LT2:335; án ná (1) "is" (Nam, RGEO:67). See also evidently obsoleted by # 1 and # 2 above.) nai. amóralaV Valaróma "Vala-horn", Oromë's án ná (2), also nán, "but, on the contrary, on horn (Silm) the other hand" (NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is amra #arma pl. armar "goods" (3AR) probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with ná amrah [harma (2) "wolf" (3ARAM)] "is"). amrah harma (1) "treasure, a treasured an na- a prefix occurring in the Markirya thing" (3AR), also name of tengwa 11, later called poem, changed to a-, q.v. aha (Appendix E). ana ana- (prefix) "to, towards" (NÂ1) amrah hwarma "crossbar" (SKWAR) anáf fána (2) "cloud" (SPAN). Cf. fana the amrap parma "book", also name of tengwa "veils" or "raiment" in which the Valar presented 2 (PAR, Appendix E). In early "Qenya", the gloss themselves to physical eyes, the bodies in which they was "skin, bark, parchment, book, writings" were self-incarnated, usually in the shape of the (LT2:346), but it seems that in mature Quenya, bodies of Elves (and Men) (RGEO:74) parma only means "book". anáf fána, fánë (1) "white" (Markirya - fánë amrat tarma "pillar" (SA:tar); as a sg. form in may be a misreading) Tarmasundar "the Roots of the Pillar", the slopes of anám mána "blessed" (FS) Meneltarma in Númenor (UT:166) anam mana a word translated "what is" in amratleneM Meneltarma "Pillar of the sentence mana i-coimas Eldaron[?] "what is the Heaven", name of the great mountain of coimas (lembas) of the Eldar?" (PM:395, a variant Númenor (SA:tar) reading in PM:402) Either it is *ma "what" + ná "is", amre erma "physical matter" (MR:338, 470) or mana may itself be a unitary word "what", and amro orma "physical matter" (MR:218, 231, there is not really any word meaning "is" in the 471) sentence. amroc #corma "ring", isolated from anaN #Nana pl. Nanar "Green-elves, #cormacolindo "Ring-bearer", pl. cormacolindor *Danians" (DAN) (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308); Cormarë anáR Rána "the Wayward, the Wanderer", a "Ringday", a festival held on Yavannië 30 in honour name of the moon (MR:198, MC:221, Silm); the of Frodo (Appendix D) Etymologies gives Rana with a short vowel (RAN) amroh horma "horde, host" (LT2:341) anas sana "day (24 hours)" (LT1:250) amrut turma "shield" (TURÚM) anat tana "that" (anaphoric) (TA) amúc cúma ("k") "the Void" (KUM, (GAS) anat tana- "to show, indicate" (MR:350, ) 385, 471) (cf. the demonstrative tana "that") amúcavA Avacúma "Exterior Void beyond anát tána (meaning unclear, probably "high, the World" (AWA, (OY) ) lofty, noble") (TÂ/TA3) amucíl lícuma ("k") "taper, candle" anaV #Vana pl. Vanar or Vani = Valar amuen neuma "snare" (SNEW) (LT1:272) amullet telluma "dome, copula", especially anáV Vána name of a Valië, the wife of the "Dome of Varda" over , but also applied to Oromë (Silm, WJ:383); the Etymologies gives Vana the domes of the mansion of Manwë and Varda upon (BAN) Taniquetil. Adopted from Valarin delgûmâ under the anáy yána "holy place, fane, sanctuary" (YAN)

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anay yana "that" (the former) (YA) animál lámina "echoing" (LAM) anele elena adj. "of the stars" (SA:êl, elen); anioc coina ("k") "alive" (LT1:257; in also elenya mature Quenya cuina is to be preferred, though coina aném ména "region" (MEN) may also be valid.) anér réna "edge, border, margin" (REG) aniof foina "hidden" (LT2:340) anét téna see téra aniom moina (1) "familiar, dear" (MOY anéyn nyéna- "lament" (LT1:262) (MUY) ) ania aina "holy" (AYAN), derived from aniom moina (2) "safe, secure" (GL:58; this Ainu. Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399, "Qenya" word is evidently obsoleted by # 1 above. FS, SA) This second moina seems to reappear as muina aniaf faina- "emit light" (PHAY) "hidden, secret" in mature Quenya.) aniagna angaina "of iron" (ANGÂ) anior roina "ruddy" (ROY2) anialav valaina "of or belonging to the aniplet telpina "of silver" Valar, divine" (BAL) (KYELEP/TELEP) anian naina- "lament" (NAY) anipmis simpina "pipe, flute" (LT1:266) aniat taina "lengthened, extended" (TAY), anír rína "crowned" (RIG) "stretched, elongated" (VT39:7), also noun anírelE Elerína "star-crowned", a name of "extension" in the compound ómataina, q.v. Taniquetil (EL, RIG), spelt Elerrína in Silm aniav vaina "clad" (LT1:272) anirep perina (apparently the past participle anibmat tambina "of copper" (LT1:250) of perya-) *"divided in middle, halved" (PER) anicar #racina "stripped, deprived"; this adj. anírewniT Tinwerína (name) (RIG) is only attested in the pl. (racinë ["k"]). Compare anirias sairina "magic" (evidently adj.) rácina under rac-. Cf. #racina tengwë (only pl. (GL:72) racinë tengwi ("k") is attested) "stripped sign", anírrelE Elerrína "Crowned with Stars" "deprived sign"; in early Elvish analysis of Quenya (elen + rína), a name of Taniquetil (Silm); spelt the term for a consonant with no following vowel; the Elerína in the Etymologies (EL, RIG). vowel was held to have disappeared or been omitted anirual laurina "golden" (LT1:258) (VT39:6) aniruat taurina "of wood" (TÁWAR) anicúr rúcina ("k") "confused, shattered, anis sina "this" (following its noun in our disordered, ruined" in Markirya (the first version of sole example: vanda sina "this oath"). (CO) Cf. sin this poem had "red skies", MC:215, changed to (1). "ruined skies" in the final version; see MC:220, note anital latina, latin "open, free, cleared (of 8) land)" (LAT) aníh hína "child", also hina used in the anitnit tintina- "sparkle" (actually glossed "it vocative to a (young) child (also hinya "my child", sparkles") (TIN) for hinanya) (WJ:403). Pl. híni (surprisingly not aniuc cuina ("k") "alive" (KUY) **hínar) in Híni Ilúvataro "Children of Ilúvatar" aniuluc culuina ("k") "orange" (colour not (Silmarillion Index). fruit) (KUL) anilac calina ("k") "light" (adj.) (KAL) - but anium muina "hidden, secret" (MUY) apparently a noun in coacalina, q.v. aniwne enwina "old" (Markirya) anilam malina "yellow" (SMAL, anmahan nahamna untranslated word Letters:308); Malinalda *"Yellow-tree", a name of occurring in LR:47 (= nucumna "humbled" in Laurelin (SA:mal-; evidently malina + alda). The SD:246, cf. SD:290, end of note 59) translation "Tree of Gold" in Index is anman namna "statute"; Namna Finwë free; malina means "yellow", not "gold(en)". Cf. Míriello "the Statute of Finwë and Míriel" (MR:258) malinornélion "of yellow-trees"; see anmas #samna "diphthong" (only pl. laurelindórenan lindelorendor... (LotR2:III ch. 4; samnar given) (SAM) cf. Letters:308). Malinornélion is partitive pl. anmas samna (Þ) "wooden post" (STAB) genitive of malinornë "mallorn" (UT:167, normal pl. anmelet telemna "of silver" malinorni, UT:168). (KYELEP/TELEP) aniluc culina ("k") "flame-coloured, golden- anmeletlaT edlirI Irildë Taltelemna = red" (KUL) (mature) Sindarin Idril Celebrindal; replaced Irildë aním mína "desiring to start, eager to go", Taltelepsa (KYELEP/TELEP). Tolkien may have also verb mína- "desire to go in some direction, to replaced Irildë as the Quenya form of Idril with wish to go to a place, make for it, have some end in Itaril, Itarillë, Itarildë, q.v. view" (VT39:11) anmuc cumna ("k") "empty" (KUM)

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anmucun nucumna ("k") "humbled" anóno onóna (1) adj. "twin-born"; (2) noun (SD:246) "one of a pair of twins"; pl. onóni "twins" (WJ:367) anmul lumna adj. "lying heavy, anór róna "east" (probably adj.) (RÔ) burdensome, oppressive, ominous" (DUB). anórabmA Ambaróna place-name; anmul lumna- stative verb "be heavy" presumably a variant of Ambarónë "uprising, (LR:47, SD:310; cf. lumna- "to lie heavy" in the sunrise, Orient" (LotR2:III ch. 4; compare the Etymologies, stem DUB-) Etymologies, entry AM2) anmut tumna "lowlying, deep, low" (TUB); anra #arna "royal"? See Arnanor. early "Qenya" glosses: "deep, profound, dark or (Letters:428) hidden" (LT1:269, 271) anrac carna *"built, made" in Vincarna ann -nna "to, upon", allative ending in "newly-made" (MR:408). Carna would seem to be cilyanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, Elenna, the past participle of car-. númenna, númenórenna, rómenna, tielyanna, q.v. anracniV Vincarna *"newly-made" Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v. (MR:408) anna anna "gift" (ANA1, SA), also name of anrah harna "wounded"; harna- "to wound" tengwa 23 (Appendix E); pl. annar "gifts" in Fíriel's (SKAR) Song. Annatar "Lord of Gifts, *Gift-lord", name anras sarna "of stone" (SAR) assumed by when he tried to seduce the Eldar anrat tarna "crossing, passage" (LT2:347) in the Second Age (SA:tar) anratcuraT Taructarna ("k") "Oxford" annat tanna "sign" (noun) (MR:385) (LT2:347; this "Qenya" word would have to become annavaY Yavanna, Yav-anna, "Fruit-giver", Taruhtarna in mature Quenya) name of a Valië (YAB, ANA1; cf. yávë) anrathuraT *Taruhtarna see Taructarna anneiN Nienna (name of a Valië, related to anrav varna "safe, protected secure" (BAR) nië = tear) (NEI) anrayn nyarna "tale, saga" (NAR2) annelE Elenna "Starwards", a name of anref ferna "mast, beechnuts" Númenor: Elenna-nórë *"Starwards-land", "the land (PHER/PHÉREN) named Starwards", genitive Elenna-nórëo in CO. anreuq #querna probably "turned"; isolated anneniuhun nuhuinenna "under shadow" from nuquerna (q.v.) *"under-turned" = reversed, (allativic: nu-huinë-nna "under-shadow-to") turned upside down. (SD:246); see huinë. anreuqun nuquerna "reversed", or perhaps annep #penna "vowel" (only pl. pennar is rather *"turned upside down". In the phrases silmë attested) (VT39:16) nuquerna and árë nuquerna, q.v. annet tenna "until, up to, as far as" (CO), anrey yerna "old, worn" (GYER) elided tenn' in the phrase tenn' Ambar-metta "until anro orna "hasty" (GOR) the end of the world" in EO, because the next word anroc corna ("k") "round, globed" (KOR) begins in a similar vowel; tennoio "for ever" (tenna + anrol lorna "asleep" (LOS) oio, q.v.) anrom morna "dark, black" (Letters:282, anneyN Nyenna alternative form of Nienna LT1:261) or "gloomy, sombre" (MOR). In (LT1:262) tumbalemorna (Letters:282), q.v. Pl. mornë in annil linna- "go", pa.t. lendë "went" (LED; Markirya (the first version of this poem had "green cf. lelya-) rocks", MC:215, changed to ondolisse mornë "upon annil -linna or -linnar ending for partitive dark rocks" in the final version; see MC:220, note 8). pl. allative (Plotz); see -li anromeruaT Tauremorna place-name, annim minna "to the inside, into" (also mir) *"Wood-black" (LotR2:III ch. 4) Tauremornalómë (MI) place-name, *"Forest (of) Black Night" (LotR2:III ch. anno onna "creature" (ONO) 4) anól lóna (1) "dark" (adj.) (DO3/DÔ) anron norna "stiff, tough" (WJ:413) anól lóna (2) "island, remote land difficult to anru urna "oven" (LT1:271) reach" (LONO (AWA) ) anú úna "deprived of, destitute, forlorn" anónapA #Apanóna pl. Apanónar "the (VT39:14) After-born", an Elvish name of Mortal Men as the anúc cúna ("k") 1) adjective "bent, curved", Second-born of Ilúvatar (WJ:387) from which is derived 2) the verb cúna- "bend", anónniM #Minnóna pl. Minnónar "First- occurring with a- prefix (originally na-prefix) in born", Elves (as contrasted to Apanónar, the After- Markirya. Here cúna- is intransitive; we do not know born, Men) (WJ:403) whether it can also be transitive "bend". anúca acúna ("k") see cúna

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anuen neuna "second" (NDEW) apóh hópa "haven, harbour, small anúrut #turúna "mastered", only attested landlocked bay" (KHOP) attested in the elided form turún' (UT:138, apót tópa, tópa- "roof" (noun and verb) apparently incomplete spelling turun in Silm ch. 21). (TOP) The form must be understood as the past participle of appal lappa "hem of robe" (GL:52) tur- "wield, control, govern", though we would apútnu untúpa "down-roofs" = covers normally expect *túrina or *turna. (perhaps for *undutúpa-, cf. undu-). Present tense of anúT Túna (also Tún) name of the hill on untup- with lengthening of the stem vowel and the which Tirion was built (Silm, TUN, KOR), derived suffix -a (cf. síla "shines" from sil-) from a stem (TUN) apparently meaning simply *"hill, ár rá (1) pl. rávi "lion" (RAW) mound". ár rá (2) "arm" (LT2:335, there spelt râ; ao oa (1), also oar ("öa, öar") adverbs, certainly obsoleted by # 1 above. In mature Quenya, "away" (WJ:365, gloss in VT39:6) "arm" is ranco) ao oa (2) "wool" (LT1:249; evidently ará ára "dawn" (AR1) replaced by tó in mature Quenya) ara ara "outside, beside" (AR2) aoc coa ("köa") "house"; coarya "his house" arA Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem (WJ:369); coacalina "light of the house" (a metaphor Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In Aracáno "high chieftain", for the soul [fëa] dwelling inside the body [hroa]) mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, (MR:250) cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230) aof foa "hoard, treasure" (LT2:340) araculi ilucara ("k") "omnificent" (VT39:20) aol loa literally "growth", used of a solar aráh #hára- or #har- "sit", pl. hárar in CO year (= coranar) when seasonal changes are (i hárar "those who sit, those who are sitting") considered (Appendix D; in PM:126 loa is translated arál lára "flat" (DAL) "time of growth". Pl. loar, or "löar", in MR:426) arám mára "useful, fit, good" (of things) aon noa "conception" (= idea) (NOWO) (MAG; see MA3; Arct) aop poa "beard" (GL:63) arás sára (1) "bitter" (SAG) aorh hroa (sometimes spelt "hröa") "body" arás sára (2) "fiery" (LT1:248; this "Qenya" (changed by Tolkien from hrondo, in turn changed word may have been obsoleted by # 1 above) from hrón). Pl. hroar is attested (MR:304). In aras sara (Þ) "stiff dry grass, bent" (STAR) MR:330, Tolkien notes that hroa is "roughly but not arát tára "lofty" (SA:tar, LT1:264, TÂ/TA3 exactly equivalent to 'body' " (as opposed to "soul"). (AYAK, TÁWAR) ), "tall, high" (WJ:417) The Incarnates live by necessary union of hroa aráv vára "soiled, dirty" (WA3) (body) and fëa (soul) (WJ:405). aráy yára "ancient, belonging to or apa apa- "after", only attested as a prefix in descending from former times" (YA) apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë. aréh héra "chief, principal" (KHER) apam mapa- "grasp, seize" (MAP; according arét téra "straight, right" (TEÑ, see TE3; to LT1:339 this word was struck out in the "Qenya LR:47; "téna" in SD:310 may be a misreading) Lexicon", but it reappears in the Etymologies) arév véra (< Old Quenya wéra) "personal, aplac calpa ("k") "water-vessel"; verb calpa- private, own" (PM:340) "draw water, scoop out, bale out" (KALPA) aréw wéra Old Quenya form of véra, q.v. aplap palpa- "to beat, batter" (PALAP) arí [íra "eternal" (GEY; changed to oira, see aplas salpa- (1) (verb) "lick up, sup, sip" OY)] (SÁLAP), "take a sup of" (LT1:266) aria [aira (3) "eternal" (EY)] aplas salpa (2) (noun) "bowl" (LT1:266) aria aira (1) "red, copper-coloured, ruddy" aplon nolpa "mole"; also noldarë (GL:30) (GAY) aplus sulpa "soup" (LT1:266) aria aira (2) "old" (MC:214; this is "Qenya") apma ampa "hook", also name of tengwa 14 ariacce eccaira ("k") "remote, far" (adj.) (GAP, Appendix E) (KHAYA) apmat tampa "stopper" (TAP) ariah haira "remote, far" (adj.) (KHAYA) apmer rempa "crooked, hooked" (REP) ariahava avahaira "remote, far" (adj.) apmir rimpa "rushing, flying" (RIP) (KHAYA) apmis simpa "pipe, flute" (LT1:266) arial laira "shady" (DAY) apóc [cópa] ("k") "harbour, bay" (KOP; ariaN Naira "Heart of Flame", a name of the changed to hópa, KHOP). Early "Qenya" likewise Sun (MR:198) has cópa (also cópas) ("k") "harbour" (LT1:257). arias saira "wise" (SAY)

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aríc círa ("k") "sail", verb (apparently the atál láta "open" (adj.) (VT39:23) continuative stem of *cir-) (Markirya) atarA #Arata pl. Aratar "the Supreme", the arín níra "will" (as a potential or faculty) chief Valar, translation of the foreign word Máhani (VT39:30) adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:402). ario oira "eternal" (OY) Aratarya "her sublimity"; Varda Aratarya "Varda aróhaS Sahóra "the South" (LT1:248, 255; the lofty, Varda in her sublimity" (WJ:369) rather Hyarmen in mature Quenya) atát táta "hat" (GL:71) arós sóra "long, trailing" (LT2:344) ataynivne #envinyata- "renew, heal"; array yarra- "growl, snarl" (stem used as unattested verbal stem that is apparently the basis of participle in Markirya, translated "snarling") the words envinyanta, Envinyatar (q.v.) arú úra "large" (UR) atcar racta- ("k") "stretch out, reach" aruas saura (Þ) "foul, evil-smelling, putrid" (LT2:335; read *rahta- if the word is to be adapted to (THUS) mature Quenya) aruat taura "mighty" (TUR), "very mighty, atcelep pelecta- "hew" (LT2:346; this vast, of unmeasured might or size" (VT39:10) "Qenya" word may be adapted to mature Quenya as arún núra "deep" (NÛ) *pelehta-) (LT2:346) ás sá "fire" (LT1:265; "Qenya" spelling sâ. atcio oïcta ("k") ??? (twice in Narqelion; the Use rather nárë in mature Quenya.) combination ct would have to become ht in mature asáR Rása "the Sea" (LT2:347; rather ëar in Quenya, and the hiatic combination oï does not mature Quenya) occur.) asáV Vása "the Consumer", a name of the atcol locta- ("k") "sprout, put forth leaves or Sun (MR:130) flowers" (LT1:258; would have to become *lohta- in asiay yaisa "steel" (GL:37) mature Quenya) asiuli iluisa (Þ?) "omniscient" (VT39:20) atemún númeta- "get low (of the Sun)" (also asli ilsa "(the mystic name of) silver" numenda-) (LT1:263; in mature Quenya núta); (LT1:255, LT1:268) inflected númetar "set" ("went down in the West") aspa apsa "cooked food, meat" (AP) (MC:221; this is "Qenya") aspal lapsa- "to lick" (frequentative) (LAB) atéy yéta- "look at" (LT1:262) aspelet telepsa "of silver" athah hahta "pile, mound" (KHAG) (KYELEP/TELEP) atham mahta- "wield a weapon" (MAK), "to aspeletlaT edlirI Irildë Taltelepsa see Irildë handle, wield, manage" (VT39:10) Taltelemna (KYELEP/TELEP). athan nahta "a bite" (NAK) aspil lipsa "soap" (LIB2) athap pahta "closed" (VT39:23) asron norsa (Þ) "giant" (NOROTH) athar *rahta- see racta- assac cassa "helmet" (KAS) athav vahta- "to soil, stain" (WA3) asseh hessa "dead, withered" (LT1:255) atheh hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë) "put aside, assen nessa "young" (NETH), also Nessa as leave out, exclude, abandon, forsake" name of a Valië, the spouse of Tulkas (adopted and athel lehta- "loose, slacken" (LEK), also adj. adapted from Valarin, OR an archaic Elvish lehta "free, released" (VT39:17); #lehta tengwë "free formation: WJ:404 vs. 416). Also called Indis, element, released element", a term for "vowel" (only "bride" (NETH, NI1). pl. lehta tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather assiradlE Eldarissa ("q") apparently another expect *lehtë tengwi with the pl. form of the name of Qenya (LT2:348) adjective) (VT39:17) asso ossa "wall and moat" (LT2:336) athelep *pelehta- see pelecta- assul lussa- "to whisper" (SLUS/SRUS) athen nehta "spearhead", isolated from assurabmA Ambarussa "top-russet", nernehta, q.v. alternation of Umbarto, mother-name (never used in athenren nernehta "man-spearhead", a narrative) of Telufinwë = Amras (PM:353-354) battle-formation (UT:282) assut tussa "bush" (TUS) athet tehta "a mark" (TEK, VT39:17), tehta asta atsa "catch, hook, claw" (GAT) pl. tehtar "signs", diacritics, often used of the át tá "high" (LT1:264; there spelt tâ. This is Fëanorian vowel-signs (explicitly ómatehtar) hardly a valid word in mature Quenya, but cf. tára (Appendix E) "lofty".) athetadna andatehta "long-mark" (TEK) at ta "that, it" (TA) athir rihta- "jerk, give quick twist or move, ata ata "again", also prefix ata-, at- (prefix) twitch" (RIK(H) ) "back, again, re-" (AT(AT) )

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athit tihta- "blink, peer", participle tihtala in atlet telta- "to canopy, overshadow, screen" an earlier variant of Markirya (TEL/TELU) atho ohta "war" (noun) (OKTA, KOT > atley yelta- "to loathe" (DYEL) KOTH) atlil lilta- "dance" (LILT, Narqelion) athol *lohta- see locta- atlut tulta- "send for, fetch, summon" (TUL) athul luhta- "enchant" (LUK) atn -nta ending for dual allative (Plotz). May athun nuhta- "stunt, prevent from coming to also be the possessive ending "their", corresponding completion, stop short, not allow to continue" to the ending -ntë "they". (WJ:413) atna anta "face" (ANA1) athur ruhta- "terrify" (WJ:415) atna anta- "give" (ANA1, MC:215, 221). atí íta "a flash" (PM:363) Several occurrences in FS: antalto "they gave"; ati ita- "sparkle" (SA:ril, PM:363) strangely, no past tense marker seems to be present atiac caita "lie", also present tense "lies". (cf. -lto for the ending); antar a pl. verb translated Sindanóriello caita mornië "out of a grey land "they gave", though in mature Quenya it would rather darkness lies". (Nam, RGEO:67) be the present tense "give" (pl.); antaróta "he gave it" atial laita- "bless, praise": a laita, laita te! (anta-ró-ta "gave-he-it"), another verb occurring in Andavë laituvalmet! ... Cormacolindor, a laita Fíriel's Song, once again with no past tense marker. tárienna "bless them, bless them! Long shall we Read something like *antanéros or *antaneróta in bless them! ... [The] Ring-bearers, praise [them] to mature Quenya? Also antáva "will give", future tense [the] height!" (lait[a]-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we- of anta- "give"; read probably *antuva in mature them) (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308) Quenya; similarly antaváro "he will give" (LR:63) Verbal noun laitalë "praising", isolated from should rather be *antuváro. Erulaitalë (UT:166, 436) atnac canta (1) ("k") "four" (KÁNAT) atiam maita "hungry" (VT39:11) atnac canta (2) ("k") "shaped", also as quasi- atiat taita- "to prolong" (TAY) suffix -canta ("k") "-shaped" (KAT) atiav vaita- "to wrap" (LT1:271) atnacessal lassecanta ("k") "leaf-shaped" atioeM odraV Vardo Meoita "Prince of (KAT) Cats" (LT2:348; vardo "prince" is hardly a valid atnal lanta noun "a fall" (DAT/DANT word in mature Quenya; cf. vard-, vardar) (TALÁT) ), also lantë. Verb lanta- "fall" atior roita- "pursue" (ROY1) (DAT/DANT (TALÁT), Narqelion); lantar present atiuqnin ninquita- ("q") "shine white" (NIK- tense pl. (Nam, RGEO:66); lantaner "fell" (pl.) W) (SD:246); lantier "they fell", a plural past tense of átiuqnin ninquitá- ("q") "whiten" (NIK-W) lanta- "fall" occurring in LR:47; read probably atla alta *"large, great in size" (root lantaner in mature Quenya, as in SD:246. Also sg. meaning) (ÁLAT). Alat- in Alatairë, q.v. lantië "fell" (LR:56); read likewise *lantanë? atlac calta- ("k") "shine" (KAL) Participle lantala "falling" (with locative ending: atlah halta- "to leap" (LT1:254) lantalassë) in Markirya. Cf. also lanta-mindon atlam malta "gold", also name of tengwa 18 "fallen-towers"; lanta-ránar "in falling-moon" (Appendix E). Does this obsolete the form malda in (locative -r) (MC:214; these forms are "Qenya") the Etymologies, stem SMAL? atnalessal lasselanta "leaf-fall = Autumn" atlat talta- "slip, slide down, collapse, slope" (DAT/DANT, LAS1, Narqelion, LT1:254) (TALÁT); reduplicated stem in the participle talta- atnallot tollanta "upon top(s?)" (MC:221; taltala in Markirya, simply translated "falling" in this is "Qenya") MC:215 atnana ananta, a-nanta "and yet, but yet" atlat talta adj. "sloping, tilted, leaning" or (FS, NDAN) "incline" as a noun (TALÁT) atnap panta "open" (adj.) (PAT) atlata atalta "collapse, fall inn" (TALÁT), atnap panta- "to unfurl, spread out, open" pa.t. ataltanë "down-fell, fell down" in LR:47 and (PAT) SD:247; atalantë "down-fell" in LR:56 atnarewlI Ilweranta, Ilweran "rainbow" atlav -valta "-less", also -viltë (evidently (GL:74) (The Etymologies gives helyanwë.) endings used to derive adjectives like "lifeless") atnaspas sapsanta "grave-into" (MC:221; (GL:23) this is "Qenya"; note obsolete allative in -nta, later atleh helta- "strip" (SKEL) (This word must dual allative only) be Q rather than S, since in S t would become th atnat tanta "double" (prob. adj) (TATA) following l.) atnauq quanta ("q") "full" (KWAT, Narqelion)

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atnauqnep penquanta ("peñ"-) "full to the atpat tapta "impeded" (VT39:17); nominal brim, with mouth full" (VT39:11) pl. taptar is used to mean "consonants" ( = tapta atnav vanta- "to walk", also vanta noun tengwi, q.v.) "walk" (BAT) atpelet telepta "silver", as adj? (LT2:347 - atnay yanta "bridge", also name of tengwa rather telemna in mature Quenya) 35 (Appendix E); in the Etymologies, yanta is atra arta (1) adj. "exalted, lofty" (PM:354) defined as "yoke" (YAT) atra arta (2) noun "fort, fortress" (GARAT atnaynivne envinyanta past participle under 3AR) "healed" (MR:405), pointing to a verbal stem atra arta (3) prep. "across, athwart" *envinyata- "heal", litereally "renew"; cf. Aragorn's (LT2:335) title Envinyatar "the Renewer" (LotR3:V ch. 8). atram marta "fey, fated" (MBARAT) atne enta "that yonder" (EN) atrec certa "rune" (pl. certar given), adapted atnec centa "communication, *enquiry, from Sindarin certh (a "true" or inherited Quenya *essay"; Ósanwë-centa "Enquiry into the form of primitive *kirtê would have been *cirtë, but Communication of Thought" (VT39:23 cf. MR:415), this word did not occur). (WJ:396) an appendix to Pengolodh's Lammas or "Account of atro orta- "rise, raise, lift up", pa.t. ortanë Tongues" (VT39:23, MR:415); cf. also Essecenta (Nam, RGEO:67, ORO; misreading "ortani" in *"Name-essay" (MR:415) Letters:426) atneuq quenta ("q") "tale" (KWET), atroh horta- "send flying, speed, urge" "narrative, story" (VT39:16); Quenta Silmarillion (KHOR) "the Story/Tale of the Silmarils" atroma #amorta- "heave" (literally "up-rise, atneuqalaV Valaquenta "Account of the rise up", cf. orta-; the prefix am- means "up"). Only Valar" (SA:val-) attested as a participle amortala "heaving" in atneuqemúl lúmequenta ("q") "history, Markirya. chronological account" (LU) atrun #nurta- "hide", verbal stem isolated atnil #linta "swift", only pl. lintë attested from nurtalë "hiding", q.v. (Nam, RGEO:66) atsa #asta "month", only pl. astar attested atnilallot tollalinta "upon hills" (MC:214; (Appendix D) this is "Qenya") atsaf fasta- "tangle" (PHAS) atnis sinta (Þ) (1) "short" (STINTÂ) atsal lasta- "listen", also adj. lasta "listening, atnis sinta- (Þ) (2) "fade", pa.t. sintanë hearing" (LAS2) (THIN) atsalaf falasta- "to foam", participle atnit tinta- "kindle, cause to sparkle", cf. falastala "foaming, surging" in Markirya Tintallë (TIN, SA:tin, MR:388) atsam masta- "bake" (MBAS) atniv [vinta-, pa.t. vintë, vintanë "fade" atsam masta "bread" (MBAS, PM:404) (WIN/WIND)] atsan nasta- "prick, sting" (NAS) atniw winta- "scatter, blow about" (both atsan nasta "spear-head, point, gore, transitive and intransitive) (PM:376) triangle" (SNAS/SNAT), "prick, point, stick, thrust" atniwessal lassewinta a variant of lasselanta (NAS) (PM:376). atsap pasta "smooth" (PATH) atno onta- (pa.t. ónë or ontanë) "beget, atsatneuq quentasta *"historical account", create" (ONO) "any particular arrangement (by some author) of a atnor ronta "hollow" (adj? noun?) (also series of records or evidences into a given historical rotwa) (LT2:347. In mature Quenya, the preferred account" (not History as such, which is quentalë). words for "hollow" are unqua adj. and unquë noun.) (VT39:16) atnoro oronta "steep" (LT1:256) atse esta "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was atnoy yonta- "more" (does the hyphen marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) indicate that yonta- can be prefixed to adjectives to *"Firstday" in LotR suggests that we should read form a kind of comparative, like the prefix an- forms *yesta for esta and also prefix a y to the other words the superlative?) (GL:37) derived from ESE/ESET (essë > *yessë, essëa > atnup punta "stopped consonant" (= a *yessëa). plosive) (PUT, see PUS) atse esta- "to name" (ES) atóm móta- "labour, toil" (MÔ) atseh hesta "wither" (LT1:255) atór róta "tube" (LT2:347) atsel #lesta (1) "girdle, fence" in Lestanórë atórh hróta "dwelling underground, artificial "Doriath" (WJ:369) cave or rockhewn hall" (PM:365)

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atsel #lesta (2) "measure", instrumental atsoro orosta "ascension" (LT1:256) lestanen in Fíriel's song atsu usta- "burn" (transitive) (LT1:271) atsel lesta- (pa.t. lendë) "leave" (ELED) atsuam mausta "compulsion" (MBAW) atsem mesta ?"journey" (Arct) atsul lusta "void, empty" (LUS) atserh hresta "shore, beach", ablative atsup pusta "stop" (noun), in punctuation hrestallo *"from (the) shore" in Markirya full stop (PUS) atseuqrat tarquesta ("q") "high-speech" (that atsup pusta- "to stop, put a stop to"; also is Lindarin [later Vanyarin, Tolkien revised the intr. "cease, stop" (PUS) names], or Qenya [Quenya]) (TÂ/TA3) atsur rusta "broken" (MC:214; this is atsev vesta "matrimony", verb vesta- "to "Qenya") wed" (BES). (Under WED, the verb vesta- was atta [atta- (prefix) "back again, re-" (TAT)] defined as "swear to do something", but this was atta atta (1) "two" (AT(AT), Letters:427); struck out.) Attalyar "Bipeds" (sg. *Attalya) = Petty-dwarves atsevo [ovesta] "contract, compact, treaty" (from Sindarin Tad-dail) (WJ:389). A word atta (WED, WÔ) "again" was struck out; see TAT. atsewgnet tengwesta "a system or code of attal latta (1) "hole, pit" (DAT/DANT) signs", "Language", referring particularly to structure, attal latta (2) "strap" (LATH) including morphology and grammar (VT39:15). As a attay yatta "narrow neck, isthmus" (YAK) technical term for "language", this includes languages attem metta "end"; Ambar-metta "world- not made up of sounds (WJ:394), but usually it means end, the end of the world" (EO); mettarë *"end-day" "spoken language" when unqualified (WJ:395). In the = New Years' Eve in the Númenórean calendar and Etymologies, tengwesta is glossed "grammar" (TEK). the Steward's Reckoning, not belonging to any month atsewh hwesta "breeze, breath, puff of air" (Appendix D) (SWES), also name of tengwa 12 (Appendix E); atteuq quetta "word" (SA:quen-/quet-, hwesta sindarinwa "Grey-elven hw", name of GL:28), pl. quettar (WJ:391) tengwa 34 (Appendix E). Verb hwesta- "to puff" attit titta "little, tiny" (TIT) (SWES) attul lutta- "flow, float" (LT1:249) atsey yesta (1) "desire" (noun? verb?) (YES) attup putta "stop" (in punctuation) (PUT; Some would suppose this word is obsoleted by # 2 see PUS) below. atua auta- (1) "go away, leave" (leave the atsey #yesta (2) *"first", only attested in the point of the speaker's thought); old "strong" past tense compound yestarë, but cf. esta. anwë, usually replaced by vánë, perfect avánië - but atsi ista- "know", pa.t. sintë (IS, LT2:339) when the meaning is purely physical "went away (to atsi ista "knowledge" (IS) another place)", the past tense oantë, perfect oantië atsia aista- "to dread" (GÁYAS) was used. Past participle vanwa "gone, lost, no longer atsim mista "grey"; see lassemista to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past and over" atsim mista- "stray about" (MIS) (WJ:365) atsimessal lassemista "leaf-grey" (LotR2:III atua auta- (2) "invent, originate, devise" ch. 4, translated in Letters:224) (GAWA/GOWO) Obsoleted by # 1 above? atsir rista-, rista "cut" (vb and noun) (RIS) atuaf fauta- "to snow" (actually glossed atsiv vista "air as substance" (WIS (WIL) ) fauta = "it snows") (GL:35) atso osta "homestead" (LT2:336) atuah hauta- "cease, take a rest, stop" atsoc costa- ("k") "quarrel" (KOT > KOTH) (KHAW) atsoh hosta "gather, collect, assemble" atuan nauta "bound, obliged" (NUT) (Markirya); hostainiéva "will be gathered", future atuar rauta "metal" [meaning changed by tense of the stative verb *hostainië, derived from Tolkien from "copper"] (RAUTÂ) *hostaina "gathered", past participle of hosta- atuar rauta- "to hunt" (LT1:260; in mature "gather". Such stative verbs are probably not valid in Quenya roita-) mature Quenya; see -ië. (FS) atuip piuta "spit" (probably verb, perhaps atsoh hosta "large number", verb hosta- "to also noun) (PIW) collect" (KHOTH) atún núta- "set, sink" (of Sun or Moon) atsoha ahosta see hosta (NDÛ). In early "Qenya", the word was glossed atsolo olosta "dreamy" (UT:396) "stoop, sink" (LT1:263) atson nosta "birth, birthday" (LT1:272) auc cua, cu ("k") "dove" (KÛ) atson nosta- "give birth" (LT1:272) auqa aqua "fully, completely, altogether, atsor rosta "ascent" (LT1:267) wholly" (WJ:392)

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auqeh hequa "leaving aside, not counting, avá áva, avá (the latter stressed on the final excluding, except" (WJ:365) syllable) "Don't!"; ávan "I won't" (also ván, ványë); auqia aiqua ("q") "steep" (AYAK) áva carë! ("k") "don't do it!" (WJ:371) auqial laiqua ("q") "green" (LÁYAK, aván náva ("ñ") "mouth", apparently not LT1:267, MC:214), "Qenya" pl. laiquali ("q") only the lips but also the inside of the mouth (MC:216); laiqua'ondoisen ("q") "green-rocks-upon" (VT39:13 cf. 8). Possibly, but probably not, the same (MC:221; this is "Qenya") element that is translated "hollow" in Návarot, q.v. auqla alqua "swan" (ÁLAK [there spelt aváp páva "mouth" (including tongue, lips alqa, as in LT1:249/LT2:335], SA:alqua, UT:265). and teeth). Apparently changed by Tolkien to náva, The alternative form alquë ("q") mentioned in early q.v. (VT39:19) material (LT1:249) may or may not be valid in avár ráva (1) "bank" (especially of a river) mature Quenya. (RAMBÂ) auqli ilqua ("ilqa") "everything" (IL), "all" avár ráva (2) "wild, untamed" (RAB) (FS); ilquainen ("ilqainen") a word occurring in avás sáva "juice" (SAB) Fíriel's Song, translated "to all". It would appear to be aváy yáva "fruit" (LT1:273; in mature ilqua "all" with a dative pl. ending, but in mature Quenya yávë) Quenya -inen is the ending for instrumental pl. (FS) avéiladlE nodniM Mindon Eldaliéva "Lofty auqni -inqua adjectival ending, seen in Tower of the Eldalië" (Silm) alcarinqua "glorious" (WJ:412) from alcar "glory". avéniuH eruaT Taurë Huinéva "Forest of Etymologically, -inqua means "-full", like "glory- Shadow", Sindarin Taur na Fuin (PHUY) full" in this case. averet tereva "fine, acute" (TER/TERES), auqniracla alcarinqua "radiant, glorious" "piercing" (LT1:255; glossed "fine, acute" in the (AKLA-R [there spelt "alkarinqa"], WJ:412); noun Etymologies, but the stem TER is defined as Alcarinquë, "The Glorious", name of a star/planet "pierce") (SA:aglar - there spelt "Alkarinquë", but the avéy yéva "will be" (also "there will be"), Silmarillion Index has "Alcarinquë". The celestial apparently the future tense of ye. Once translated "is" body in question seems to be Jupiter, MR:435). Cf. (írë ilqua yéva nótina, "when all is counted"), but also Alcarin, q.v. this event belongs to the future; hence literally auqnu unqua ("q") "hollow" (adj.) (UNUK) *"when all will be counted" (FS) auqras sarqua ("q") "fleshy" (LT2:347) avi -iva (-ivë) plural possessive ending; seen auqrom morqua "black" (LT1:261; also in Eldaiva, Eldaivë (WJ:369) morna in mature Quenya) avíl -líva ending for partitive pl. possessive auqsi isqua ("q") "wise" (LT2:339) (Plotz); see -li aurrun nurrua "mumling" (Markirya, avioc coiva ("k") "awake" (LT1:257 - read MC:215); see nurru- *cuiva in mature Quenya? Cf. coivië becoming áv vá (exclamation) "I will not!" or "Do cuivië. On the other hand, the elements cui- and coi- not!"; ván, ványë "I won't!", vammë "we won't" having to do with life and awakening cannot be (WJ:371) wholly separated. -av -va possessive ending, in Eldaliéva, aviuh huiva "murky" (LT1:253) miruvóreva, Oroméva, Valinóreva. Pl. -vë when avl *-lva pronominal ending, "our", of two governing a plural word (from archaic -vai) persons where one addresses the other (Letters:447). (WJ:407), but it seems that -va was used throughout Only attested in the genitive -lvo in the word in late Exilic Quenya (cf. miruvóreva governing the omentielvo (see -lma). For this reason it has been plural word yuldar in Namárië). Pl. -iva (-ivë), dual - argued that the ending may actually be *-lwa, since twa, partitive pl. -líva. there is some evidence that wo would change to vo in ava ava (1) "outside" (AWA) Quenya and the w of *-lwa could be derived from the ava ava- (2) prefix indicating something dual ending -u. (FG) forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not avlek #kelva pl. kelvar "animals, living be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" things that move" (Silm) (WJ:370) avlo #olva pl. olvar "growing things with ava ava- (3) (prefix) "without" (AR2, AWA) roots in the earth, *plants" (Silm). More or less the ava ava- (4) pa.t. avanë, a verb that is not same word as olwa, olba? clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit avú úva "will not", future tense of a negative (WJ:370). Cf. Avamanyar. verb (present/aorist tense úyë?) in Fíriel's Song. Cf. also the negative verb u-, um- "not do, not be".

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avu -uva future tense ending. In awnac canwa "announcement, order" laituvalmet, tiruvantes, enquantuva, cenuva, (PM:362) caluva. awnah hanwa "male" (INI) avucras sarcuva ("k") "corporeal, bodily" awnal lanwa "loom" (LAN) (LT2:347) awnav vanwa "gone, lost, no longer to be avúl lúva "bow" (Appendix E) had, vanished, departed, dead, past, past and over, avulic ciluva ("k") "shall see" (MC:213, gone on the road, over" (WJ:365, Nam, RGEO:67, 214; this is "Qenya") WAN, LT1:264) avunac canuva ("k") "leaden" (LT1:268; if awnaw wanwa "great gale" (LT1:266) this "Qenya" word is used in a mature Quenya awnel lenwa "long and thin, straight, context, it must not be confused with the future tense narrow" (LT2:341) of can-) awneynil linyenwa "old, having many avurú úruva "fiery" (from UR; this stem was years" (YEN) struck out in Etym, but several words that must be awnif finwa "sagacious" (LT1:253) derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that awnin ninwa "blue" (LT1:262) Tolkien restored it. The word úruva also occurred in awninauqial laiquaninwa ("q") "green- early "Qenya"; in LT1:271 it is glossed "like fire".) blue"? (cf. ninwa) (Narqelion) avúrut turúva "wooden" (LT1:270) awninreiN Nierninwa "Sirius" (a star), also avutnauqne enquantuva "shall refill" Niellúnë (LT1:262) (Nam); see en-, quat- awniradnis sindarinwa (Þ) "Grey-elven" in áw wá (actually spelt wâ) "wind" (LT1:266) the phrase hwesta sindarinwa "Grey-elven hw" awgnan nangwa "jaw" (NAK) (Appendix E); it may really be "Sindarin" (as a noun) awgnas sangwa "poison" (SAG) with the possessive ending -va, -wa appended, hence awgnat tangwa "hasp, clasp" (TAK) literally "hw of [the] Sindarin [language]" awgne engwa "sickly"; nominal pl. Engwar awnirelet telerinwa Telerin (paraphrased "of "the Sickly", Elvish name of Mortal Men (Silm, the Shores of Elfland" in MC:215, since the Teleri GENG-WÂ) dwelt on the shores of the Blessed Realm.) (MC:216) awgnet tengwa (pl. tengwar attested) awnirodloN Noldorinwa *"Gnomish", "letter", the written representation of a tengwë, q.v. In Noldorin (LT1:262); lower-case noldorinwa in non-technical usage tengwa was equivalent to Narqelion. Would represent earlier *Ñoldorinwa and "consonant", since only the consonants were full should be spelt accordingly in Tengwar. signs (WJ:396, TEK) awnorov voronwa "enduring, long-lasting" awgnus sungwa "drinking-vessel" (SUK) (BOR) awial laiwa "sick, sickly, ill" (SLIW) awra arwa "in control of, possessing" (+ awias saiwa "hot" (LT1:248, 255, 265) genitive), also suffix -arwa (suffix) "having", as in awiav vaiwa "wind" aldarwa "having trees, tree-grown" (3AR) (WÂ/WAWA/WAIWA) awradla aldarwa "having trees, tree-grown" awiaw waiwa "wind" (3AR). See -arwa. (WÂ/WAWA/WAIWA) awrin nirwa "bolster, cushion" (NID) awlac calwa ("k") "beautiful" (LT1:254) awrot torwa ??? (Narqelion) awlam malwa "fallow, pale" (SMAL) awru urwa "on fire" (LT1:271) awleh helwa "(pale) blue" (3EL) awsi iswa "wise" (LT2:339) awlem melwa "lovely" (LT1:262) awsih hiswa "grey" (KHIS/KHITH, awley yelwa (1) "loathsome" (DYEL) Narqelion) awley yelwa (2) "cold" (LT1:260; this awt -twa ending for dual possessive (Plotz) "Qenya" word was certainly obsoleted by # 1 above. awta atwa "double" (AT(AT) ) Use ringa.) awtor rotwa "hollow" (adj? noun?) (also awliv [vilwa < wilwa] "air, lower air" ronta) (LT2:347. In mature Quenya, the preferred (distinct from the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') words for "hollow" are unqua adj. and unquë noun.) (WIL) axa axa ("ks") (1) "narrow path, ravine" awliw wilwa "vague, fluttering to and fro" (AK) (Markirya). A similar word in the Etymologies was axa axa ("ks") (2) "waterfall" (LT1:249, 255 struck out: [wilwa > vilwa] "air, lower air" (distinct - this "Qenya" word may have been obsoleted by # 1 from the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') (WIL) above) awlo olwa "branch" (GÓLOB) axam maxa ("ks") "pliant, soft" (MASAG) awna anwa "real, actual, true" (ANA2) axim mixa ("ks") "wet" (MISK)

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axur #ruxa- "crumble"; verbal stem only etymologically connected to the Valar and should not attested as a participle ruxal' "crumbling" in the be used with reference to the divinity of Eru.) Markirya poem, elided from *ruxala (since the next aylawn nwalya- "to pain, torment" word begins in an a). (ÑGWAL; this must represent earlier *ñwalya = áy yá "formerly, ago" (YA) *ngwalya; these forms are not given in Etym, but ay ya relative pronoun "which, what" compare nwalmë. In Tengwar writing, the initial NW (attested in the Arctic sentence, and evidently in would be represented by the letter nwalmë.) Narqelion), with locative suffix in Namárië: see aylef felya "cave" (PHÉLEG) *yassë aylel lelya- "go, proceed (in any direction), ayá áya "awe" (PM:363) travel", pa.t. lendë (WJ:362) ayáh háya "far off, far away" (adj.) aylen nelya "third" (cf. neldë "three") in (KHAYA). Also haiya. Nelyar "Thirds", the original name of the Noldor (or ayáhav vaháya "far away" (LR:47, SD:310). rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Also spelt vaihaiya (SD:247) Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380). ayáM #Máya pl. Máyar see Maia ayleneM Menelya fifth day of the Eldarin ayáS Sáya name of the fire-fay (GL:66) six-day week, dedicated to the heavens aydne endya > enya "middle" (adj.) (EN) (Appendix D) aydnerabmA Ambarendya > Ambarenya aylet telya- "finish, wind up, conclude" "Middle-earth" (but the more usual word is Endor, (transitive) (WJ:411) Endórë) (MBAR) ayli ilya "all" (LR:47, 56; SD:310), "all, the aydneuQ Quendya original form of the whole" (IL); "each, every, all of a particular group of word Quenya, preserved in the Vanyarin dialect things" (VT39:20); ilyë before a plural noun, "all" (Quenya is the Noldorin form) (WJ:361, 371) being inflected like an adjective (Nam, RGEO:67): aydniw windya > vinya "pale blue" ilyë tier "all paths" (Namárië, VT39:20), ilyë (WIN/WIND) (It is uncertain whether Tolkien mahalmar "all thrones" (CO) rejected this word or not; in any case, vinya means aylic cilya "chasm", allative cilyanna ("k") "new" in mature Quenya.) "in-Chasm" (sc. "into [the] chasm") (LR:47, 56). In ayha #ahya- "change", only attested in the MR:471, cilya is defined as "cleft, gorge". Spelt kilya past tense: ahyanë (PM:395) in Etym, there defined as "cleft, pass between hills, ayia aiya "hail", as greeting (LotR2:IV ch. 9, gorge" (KIL) see Letters:385 for translation) aylicalaC Calacilya ("k") "Pass of Light", in ayiah haiya "far" (SD:247). Also háya. which Kôr was built (KIL, KAL). Evidently a variant ayiav vaiya < waiya (also vaia, waia) of Calacirya. "envelope" (noun), especially of the Outer Sea or Air aylignit tingilya "a twinkling star" (TIN) enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world- aylih hilya- "to follow" (KHIL) walls (WAY, capitalized Vaiya under GEY; the latter aylim milya- "long for" (MIL-IK) entry was struck out). In a "Qenya" text in MC:214, aylinip pinilya "small" (MC:220; this is vaiya is simply translated "sky". "Qenya") ayiaw waiya > vaiya (also vaia, waia) aylir rilya "glittering, brilliance" (RIL) "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air aylirim mirilya- "glitter" (MBIRIL) enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world- aylisI Isilya third day of the Eldarin six-day walls (WAY) week, dedicated to the Moon (Appendix D) áyl lyá ??? (Narqelion; in mature Quenya, no ayliv vilya "air, sky", also name of tengwa words begin in ly-) 24. Older wilya. (Appendix E). Early "Qenya" has ayl -lya pronominal suffix "thy, your" in Vilya (changed from Vilna) "lower air" (LT1:273); tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51) also vilya "air" (MC:215) ayla alya "prosperous, rich, abundant, ayliw wilya see vilya blessed" (GALA), "rich" [ÁLAM] aylu ulya- "pour", intr. pa.t. ullë, tr. ulyanë aylac calya- ("k") "illuminate" (KAL) (ULU). Cf. ullier "poured", a pl. past tense of ulya- aylah halya- "veil, conceal, screen from occurring in LR:47; read probably *uller in mature light" (SKAL1) Quenya. In SD:247, ullier is translated "should flow". aylap palya- "open wide, spread, expand, aymal lamya- "to sound" (LAM) extend" (PAL) aymih himya- "to stick to, cleave to, abide aylav valya adj. "having (divine) authority by" (KHIM) or power" (BAL; this word is of course ayn -nya pronominal suffix, 1. person sg. possessive, "my", e.g. tatanya "my father" (UT:191).

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This ending seems to prefer i as its connecting vowel signs"; in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for where one is needed, cf. Anarinya "my sun" in vowels with no preceding consonant, held (in many LR:72, so also in hildinyar. cases incorrectly) to have lost such a consonant aynac canya ("k") "bold" (KAN) (VT39:6, 8) aynaf fanya "(white) cloud" (SPAN, FS); pl. aynerabmA Ambarenya < Ambarendya fanyar in Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67) "Middle-earth" (but the more usual word is Endor, aynah hanya- "understand, know about, be Endórë) (MBAR) skilled in dealing with" (KHAN) aynereh herenya "fortunate, wealthy, aynal lanya- "weave" (LAN) blessed, rich" (KHER) aynalaV Valanya last day of the Eldarin six- ayneuq quenya "speech" (PM:399); the day week, dedicated to the Valar (Appendix D). language-name Quenya is said to mean properly Etymology, see Letters:427. Also called Tárion. "language, speech" (WJ:393). However, Quenya aynama amanya "of Aman, *Amanian" (archaic Quendya, still so in Vanyarin) is also (WJ:411), nominal pl. Amanyar "those of Aman", interpreted "Elvish" (Letters:176), sc. the adjective Elves dwelling there (with negations Úamanyar, corresponding to Quendi (WJ:374), but it was no Alamanyar "those not of Aman"). longer used as a general adjective. Quenya lambë aynamalA #Alamanya pl.. Alamanyar, "Quenya tongue" (WJ:407). name of the Elves who started on the march from aynew wenya "green, yellow-green, fresh" Cuiviénen but did not reach Aman; = Úmanyar (GWEN) (MR:163) ayney yenya "last year" (YA) aynamaÚ #Úamanya pl. Úamanyar "those ayni inya (1) "female" (INI) not of Aman", Elves who did not reach the Blessed ayni inya (2) "small" (LT1:256; this Realm (but did leave Cuiviénen with the intention of "Qenya" word is evidently obsoleted by # 1 above) going there) = Heceldi (WJ:371). Also Úmanyar and aynil linya "pool" (LIN1) fuller Úmaneldi. (WJ:373) aynim minya "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur); aynamavA #Avamanya pl. Avamanyar Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or Elves that refused to go to Aman (= Avari) (WJ:370) rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original aynap panya- "fix, set" (PAN) Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380) aynar ranya- "to stray" (RAN) aynin ninya an element occurring in Fíriel's aynas sanya (Þ) "regular, law-abiding, Song, evidently meaning "my"; see indo-ninya. May normal" (STAN) not be valid in mature Quenya, that has the ending - aynat tanya "that" (MC:215; this is nya for "my". "Qenya") aynira arinya "morning (adj.), early" (AR1) aynav vanya "fair" (FS), "beautiful" (BAN); ayniref ferinya "beechen" (PHER/PHÉREN) nominal pl. Vanyar "the Fair", the first clan of the aynis sinya "new" (SI) Eldar; the original meaning of this stem was "pale, ayniv vinya (1) "new" (cf. compounds light-coloured, not brown or dark" (WJ:380, 381) Vinyamar, Vinyarië). aynav vanya- "go, depart, disappear", pa.t. ayniv vinya (2) < windya "pale blue" vannë (WAN) (WIN/WIND) (It is uncertain whether Tolkien ayne enya < endya "middle" (adj.) (EN) rejected this word or not; in any case, vinya is only aynecapa apacenya "of foresight"; only attested with the meaning "new" in mature Quenya.) attested apacenyë. ayniw [winya > vinya (WIN/WIND)] aynele elenya *"stellar" (only defined as an ayniwh hwinya- "to swirl, eddy, gyrate" adjective referring to stars by Tolkien) (WJ:362). Cf. (SWIN) Elenya, name of the first day of the Eldarin six-day ayno onya *"my child", *"my son" (not the week, dedicated to the stars (Appendix D). normal word for "son", however - it seems to be aynemór rómenya "eastern" (RÔ) derived from the stem ONO "beget") (UT:174) aynemrayh hyarmenya "southern" aynor ronya " 'chaser', hound of chase" (KHYAR) (ROY1) aynemrof formenya "northern" (PHOR) aynúr rúnya "red flame" (SA:ruin; PM:366 aynemún númenya "western" (NDÛ) gives runya) ayneN Nenya name of the Blue Ring, aynur runya "slot, footprint" (RUN; apparently properly an adjective meaning something according to PM:366 runya also means "red flame", like "Watery [One]" (SA:nen) but SA:ruin has rúnya) aynep penya "lacking, inadequate"; pl. ayr -rya pronominal ending "his, her" (Nam, penyë in penyë tengwi "lacking signs", "inadequate RGEO:67) in máryat "her hands", ómaryo "of her

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voice" (genitive of *ómarya "her voice"), direct Quenya descendant of the original name). súmaryassë "in her bosom" (locative of súmarya (WJ:380) "her bosom"); for the meaning "his" cf. coarya "his aytat tatya- "to double" (TATA) house" (WJ:369) aytelem #meletya "mighty"; meletyalda ayra arya "twelve hours, day" (AR1) "your mighty" = "your majesty" (see -lda; #meletya ayraf farya- pa.t. farnë "suffice" (PHAR) = *"mighty"). In full Aran Meletyalda "king your ayrah harya- "possess" (3AR) mighty" (WJ:369) ayram marya "pale, fallow, fawn" (MAD) aytem metya- "put an end to" (MET) ayramilús súlimarya ??? (Narqelion) aytiagna angaitya "torment" (LT1:249) ayraN Narya name of the Red Ring, the aytim mitya "interior" (adj) (MI) Ring of Fire; apparently properly an adjective, so that aytip #pitya "little" in Pityafinwë, Pitya- the meaning is something like "Fiery (One)" naucor (SA:nár) aytni intya- "guess, suppose" (INK/INIK) ayranA Anarya second day of the Eldarin aytnim mintya ??? (Narqelion) six-day week, dedicated to the Sun aytoc cotya ("k") "hostile" (KOT > KOTH) (Appendix D) aytram martya- "destine" (MBARAT) ayrat tarya "tough, stiff" (TÁRAG) aytsi istya "knowledge" (IS) ayrav varya- "to protect" (BAR) ayuam mauya- "compel" (MBAW) ayrayh hyarya "left" (KHYAR) ayúdlA Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six- ayre erya "single, sole" (ERE) day week, dedicated to the Trees (Appendix D). The ayrem merya "festive" (MBER) word seems to include *Aldu, a dual form referring to ayrep perya- "divide in middle, halve" the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to (PER) Aldëa (presumably < *aldajâ), referring to one tree ayrev verya- "to dare"; adj. verya "bold" (the White) only. (BER) ayuef feuya- "feel disgust at, abhor" ayrey yerya- "to wear (out), get old" (PHEW) (GYER) ayuit tiuya- "swell, grow fat" (TIW) ayric cirya ("k") "ship" (MC:213, 214, 220, ayús súya- (Þ) "breathe" (THÛ) 221), "(sharp-prowed) ship" (SA:kir-, where the word cam mac- ("k") "hew with a sword" is misspelt círya with a long í; Christopher Tolkien (VT39:11, where the aorist macë is given); cf. early probably confused it with the first element of the "Qenya" mac- ("k") "slay" (LT1:259) Sindarin name Círdan. It seems that Círyon, the can nac- ("k") "bite" (NAK) name of 's son, is likewise misspelt; read car rac- ("k") "break", past participle rácina Ciryon as in the index and the main text of the ("k") "broken" in Markirya Silmarillion. Cf. also kirya in Etym, stem KIR.) Also cat tac- ("k") "fasten" (the form tacë given in Markirya. In the Plotz letter, cirya is inflected for in the Etymologies is translated "he fastens", all cases except plural possessive (*ciryaiva). evidently the 3. person sg. aorist), pa.t. tancë (TAK) Locative ciryasse "upon a ship" (MC:216). cet tec- "write" (Etym gives the form tecë ayricalaC Calacirya "Light-cleft", "writes", evidently the 3. person aorist) (TEK) Calacirya, the great ravine in the mountains of coi ("k") "life" (LT1:257; in mature Quenya cuilë) Valinor, the passage leading from Valmar to the cir #ric- "twist", perfect irícië "has twisted" region where the Teleri lived. Genitive Calaciryo in (VT39:9) Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67) col loc- ("lok-") "bend, loop". (May be a ayriF Firya pl. Firyar "Mortals", an Elvish primitive stem rather than Quenya.) (SA) name of Mortal Men (WJ:387). Etym has firya com moc- ("k") "hate" (given as mocir ["k"] "human", literally *"mortal" (PHIR) "I hate" in LT1:258; read *mocin if the word is to be ayrip pirya "juice, syrup" (PIS) adapted to mature Quenya) ayrof forya "right" (PHOR) cur ruc- ("k") "feel fear or horror" (1. pers. ayru urya- "burn" (intransitive) (LT1:271) aorist rucin "I feel fear or horror"); the verb is said to ayrus surya "spirant consonant" (SUS) be constructed with "from" (sc. the ablative case?) of aytal latya "opening" (used as abstract in the the object feared. (WJ:415) source) (VT39:23); sanwë-latya "thought-opening", cus suc- ("k") "to drink" (1. pers. aorist direct, telepathic thought-transfer (VT39:23) sucin "I drink") (SUK) aytat #tatya "second", nominal pl. Tatyar cut tuc- ("k") "draw" (1. pers. aorist tucin "I *"Seconds, Second Ones", the original name of the draw") (TUK) Noldor as the Second Clan of the Elves (or rather the

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dlav vald- "blessedness, happiness" ebmuc cumbë ("k") "mound, heap" (KUB) (LT1:272 - a final vowel would seem to be required) ebmul lumbë "gloom, shadow" (LUM) dnav vand- "way, path" (LT1:264; a final ebmulisíH Hísilumbë (place-name, variant vowel would seem to be required) of Hísilómë) (LUM) drav vard- "rule, govern" (LT1:273; hardly ebmut tumbë "trumpet" (LT1:269) valid in mature Quenya) ecial laicë ("k") "keen, sharp, acute" (LAIK - e e unidentified word in the sentence e man this may very well be a misreading for laica, which antaváro? (LR:63), "what will he give indeed?" It would make this word the same as laica # 1) may be an adverbial particle "indeed"; on the other ecian naicë ("k") "sharp pain" (NÁYAK) hand, one very early "Qenya" text may suggest that it ecilev velicë ("k") "great" (LT1:254; is the pronoun "he", though "he" is also expressed as probably not valid in mature Quenya; in the context the ending -ro: *"He - what will he give?" A word e of the Etymologies it would have to be derived from "he" also occurs in the Sindarin text of the King's BEL, but it is stated that this stem was "not found in Letter (SD:128-9) Q". Perhaps Tolkien rejected velicë because it was eA Ae (Quenya?) "day" too similar to the Russian word that clearly inspired (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] it.) in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not ecíp pícë ("k") "upon" (???) (MC:214; this is struck out.) "Qenya") eaf fëa "spirit" (pl. fëar attested, MR:363). ecleh helcë ("k") "ice" (KHELEK, LT1:254) The Incarnates are said to live by necessary union of ecnas sancë ("k") "hateful" (LT2:341) hroa (body) and fëa (WJ:405). In Fëanor (Quenya- ecnat tancë ("k") pa.t. of tac-, q.v. (TAK) Sindarin hybrid for pure Quenya Fëanáro "Spirit of ecnir rincë ("k") "flourish, quick shake" Fire"), Fëanturi "Masters of Spirits", name of the two (RIK(H) ) Valar Mandos and Lórien (SA:fëa, SA:tur) ecniratA Atarincë ("k") "Little father", eat tëa "straight line, road" (TEÑ) mother-name (never used in narrative) of Curufinwë ebmac cambë ("k") "hollow (of hand)" = Curufin (PM:353). (KAB) ecniréh hérincë ("k") *"little lady" ebmal lambë "tongue, language" (the usual (UT:195). Concerning the diminutive ending, cf. word for 'language' in non-technical use) (WJ:368, Atarincë, cirinci. 394, (ÑGAL/ÑGALAM), "the language or dialect of ecniric #cirincë pl. cirinci ("k"), a species of a particular country or people" (VT39:15), also name birds, "no bigger than wrens, but all scarlet, with of tengwa 27 (Appendix E). (In early "Qenya", lambë piping voices on the edge of human hearing" was defined as "tongue" of body, but also of land, or (UT:169). Seems to incorporate the diminutive even = "speech" [LT2:339]. In mature Quenya lambë ending -incë. ONLY means "tongue = speech", while the word for ecól lókë "dragon, snake, serpent, drake", a physical tongue is lamba.) Lambë Valarinwa older hlókë (SA:lok-, LT2:340, LOK; in the "Valarin tongue" (WJ:397); Lambengolmor Etymologies the word is followed by "-î", whatever "Loremasters of Tongues", a school founded by that is supposed to mean) Fëanor (WJ:396) ecólaef fëalókë "spark-dragon" (LOK) ebmal-adlE Elda-lambë "the language of the ecólamár rámalókë "winged dragon" (LOK) Eldar" (WJ:368) ecólaof foalókë "name of a serpent that ebmalamrap parmalambë "book-language" guarded a treasure" (LT2:340) = Q[u]enya (PAR) ecólh hlókë "snake, serpent", later lókë ebmar rambë "a shout" (LT1:259) (SA:lok-) ebmas sambë (Þ) "room, chamber" (STAB) ecóliwgnil lingwilókë "fish-dragon, sea- ebmat tambë "copper" (LT1:250) serpent" (LOK) ebmeL #Lembë pl. Lembi "Elves remaining ecóluru urulókë "fire-dragon" (LOK), pl. behind" = Telerin Ilkorins (LEB/LEM) Urulóki (SA:ur-) ebmer rembë "mesh" (Appendix E, in a ecres sercë ("k") "blood" (SA:sereg; the footnote) Etymologies gives yár as the Quenya word for ebmi imbë "between" (Nam, RGEO:67) "blood") ebmil limbë "many" (LT2:342) ecse [escë] ("k") "rustle, noise of leaves" ebmilecleh helcelimbë ("k") *"ice-drop"? (EZGE) (LIB1, cf. KHELEK) ecsil liscë ("k") "reed, sedge" (LT2:335) ebmir rimbë "crowd, host, great number" ecuara araucë "demon" (LT1:250, in mature (RIM, SA:rim, Letters:282) Quenya rauco)

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ecuaraclaM Malcaraucë "", also were also pronounced differently, since nandë "harp" Valkaraucë ("k") (LT1:250; in mature Quenya was ñandë in First Age Quenya). Valarauco) ednan nandë (2) ("ñ") "harp" (noun) ecuaraclaV Valcaraucë ("k") "balrog", also (ÑGAN/ÑGÁNAD) Malcaraucë (LT1:250; in mature Quenya valarauco) ednaneruaL Laurenandë "Gold-valley" = ecúl lúcë ("k") "enchantment" (LUG2) Lórien (the land, not the Vala) (UT:253) edlaV Valdë "female Vala" (also Valis) ednat tande "thither" (MC:215; this is (LT1:272, in mature Quenya Valië) "Qenya") edleminaV Vanimeldë fem. name, ednavewsU Uswevandë "way of escape" *"Beautiful-Dear-One" (Appendix A) (LT2:336) edlen neldë "three" (SA:neldor, NÉL-ED). ednayricalaC Calaciryandë, "the region of Cf. nelya. Eldamar (Elvenhome) in and near the entrance to the edles seldë "child" [meaning changed by ravine, where the Light was brighter and the land Tolkien from "daughter"] (SEL-D) more beautiful" (RGEO:70) edley yeldë "daughter" (YEL) This word edne endë "core, centre, middle" (NÉD, EN), was struck out in Etym, but it may have been restored also translated "heart", but not referring to the together with the ending -iel, q.v. physical organ; it literally means "centre" and refers edleyt tyeldë "end" (noun), also short form to the fëa (soul) or sáma (mind) itself. (VT39:32) tyel (KYEL) ednel lendë "left, went" (pa.t. of lelya- "go") edlic cildë ("k") "saw" (???) The phrase úri (FS, LR:47, SD:310, WJ:362), or, according to the kilde hísen níe nienaite is translated "the Sun with Etymologies, the pa.t. of linna- "go" and lesta- wet eyes dropped tears of mist", literally perhaps "leave" (LED, ELED) something like *"the Sun saw (through) misty tears ednelE Elendë "Elvenhome", regions of tearfully"??? (MC:221; this is "Qenya"; cf. cildo) Valinor where the Elves dwelt and the stars could be edlih #hildë pl. hildi, -hildi "followers" seen (MR:176, ÉLED) (used = mortal men) (KHIL) (also Hildor, q.v.). Dat. ednen [nendë] (2) "slope" (DEN, struck out) pl. hildin "for men", a dative pl. occurring in Fíriel's ednen nendë (1) "pool" (NEN) Song. Cf. hildinyar "my heirs", evidently *hildë, edneol loëndë *"year-middle", the middle hildo "follower, heir" + -inya "my" + -r plural ending (183rd) day of the year, inserted between the months (EO) of Nárië and Cermië (June and July) in the edlin nildë "friend" (fem.) (NIL/NDIL) Númenórean calendar and the Steward's Reckoning edlirI Irildë "Idhril" (Idril) (LT2:343); Irildë (Appendix D) Taltelemna = (mature) Sindarin Idril Celebrindal; ednep pendë "slope, downslope, declivity" replaced Irildë Taltelepsa (KYELEP/TELEP). (PEN/PÉNED) Tolkien may have replaced Irildë as the Quenya form ednepma ampendë "upward slope" of Idril with Itaril, Itarillë, Itarildë, q.v. (PEN/PÉNED) edlis sildë "gleaming" (?) (MC:214; this is edner rendë pa.t. of rerin (RED) "Qenya"; cf. silda-ránar) ednerem merendë "feast, festival" (also edlit tildë "point, horn" (TIL) meren, merend-) (MBER) edliuq quildë "hush, rest, quiet" (GL:23) edneuq quendë "Elf", the little-used sg. of ednah handë "knowledge, understanding, Quendi, q.v. (KWEN(ED), WJ:361) intelligence" (KHAN) edneuqalaC #Calaquendë pl. Calaquendi ednairalaV #Valariandë "" "Elves of the Light, Light-elves" (SA:kal-, SA:quen- (genitive in the phrase Nyarna Valarianden "the /quet-, WJ:361, WJ:373); spelt Kalaqendi in Etym annals of Beleriand" in LR:202; Tolkien later (KAL) changed the genitive ending from -n to -o; hence read edneuqiaL #Laiquendë pl. Laiquendi *Nyarna Valariandëo) "Green-elves", not much used (translated from ednam mandë "doom, final end, fate, Sindarin Laegil, Laegelrim) (WJ:385, SA:quen-/quet- fortune" (usually = final bliss) (MANAD, under , LÁYAK) MAN) edneuqiroM #Moriquendë pl. Moriquendi ednan nandë (1) "valley" in Laurenandë "Dark Elves" (SA:mor, WJ:361, 373). (UT:253); also nan, nand- "valley" (Letters:308); edneuqrat #tarquendë pl. tarquendi ("q") Nan-Tasarion "Vale of Willows" (LotR2:III ch. 4) "High-elves" = Lindar (= the later Vanyar; Tolkien (Note that this and the next nandë would be spelt revised the names) (TÂ/TA3) differently in Tengwar writing, and originally they edneuqruN #Nurquendë pl. Nurquendi ("q") "Gnomes" (lit. *"Deep Elves") (NÛ)

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ednev vendë < wendë "maiden" ednolauqlA Alqualondë "Swan-road, Swan- (WEN/WENED) haven", capital of the Teleri (ÁLAK, LOD, KHOP ednew wendë "maid" (GWEN), wendë > [there spelt Alqalonde], Silm). vendë "maiden" (WEN/WENED). Early "Qenya" ednoliriH Hirilondë "Haven-finder", name also had wendi "maid, girl", but this would be a of a ship (UT:192) plural in mature Quenya. (LT1:271) ednolognI Ingolondë "Land of the Gnomes" ednewlaL Lalwendë (also short Lalwen) (Beleriand, "but before applied to parts of Valinor") "Laughing Maiden", fem. name (PM:343) (ÑGOLOD) edney yendë, yen "daughter" (YÔ/YON. ednulu ulundë "flood" (ULU) This word replaced another form, but the latter may edram #mardë "hall"; only pl. mardi is have been restored; see yeldë.) attested (Nam, RGEO:66) ednif findë "hair" (especially of the head) edramoro *oromardë "high-hall", pl (PM:340), "a tress or plait of hair" (PM:345), "tress, oromardi (Nam, RGEO:66) braid of hair, lock of hair" (SPIN) This may obsolete edre erdë (1) "seed, germ" (ERÉD), (2) erdë earlier "Qenya" findë "cunning" (prob. noun) "singularity", the person as a whole (MR:216) (LT1:253) egnaf fangë "long beard" (GL:34) edniht thindë (Þindë) older form of sindë, egnet tengë "indicated" - pa.t. of tëa? q.v., preserved in Vanyarin (WJ:384, there spelt with (VT39:6) the special letter Þ, not the digraph th) egnir ringë 1. (adj.) "cold", also ringa ednil lindë "air, tune, singing, song" (which form is to be preferred); 2. (noun) "cold pool (SA:gond, (LIN2, [GLIN]); lindelorendor "music- or lake (in mountains)" (RINGI) dream-land"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... egnit tingë "twang" (TING/TANG) (LotR2:III ch. 4, cf. Letters:308) egniw wingë "foam, crest of wave, crest" ednil lindë- ?"sing" (LT1:258; in mature (WIG); "foam, spindrift" (LT1:273). Also winga. Quenya lir-) ei -ië (1) infinitive (or gerundial) ending, ednilignit tingilindë "a twinkling star" (TIN) attested in enyalië, q.v. (CO) ednilirom morilindë "nightingale" (MOR) ei -ië (2) "is", -ier "are", stative verb suffix ednilodnO Ondolindë "Gondolin" occurring in Fíriel's Song: númessier "they are in the (SA:gond); see Ondo. Earlier "Qenya" has west", meldielto "they are...beloved", talantië "he is Ondolinda (changed from Ondolin) "singing stone, fallen", márië "it is good" (< *númessë "in the west", Gondolin" (LT1:254) melda "beloved", *talanta "fallen"); future tense - edniloron norolindë "tripping lightly" iéva in hostainiéva "will be gathered" (< *hostaina (MC:215; this is "Qenya") "gathered"). Compare ye "is", yéva "will be", verbs ednin nindë "fragile, thin" (NIN-DI) that also occur in Fíriel's Song. This suffix is probably ednir rindë "circle" (RIN) not valid in mature Quenya: -ië is an infinitival or ednirehT Therindë (Þerindë) gerundial ending in CO, for ye "is" we here find ná, "Needlewoman", original form of Serindë, before the and the phrase "lost is" is vanwa ná, not *vanwië. shift th > s (PM:333) eil lië "people" (LI, Narqelion), in Eldalië ednireS Serindë fem. name; "Broideress" (q.v.); possessive #liéva in Mindon Eldaliéva (q.v.) (Silm) or "Needlewoman" (PM:333). Original form eiladlE Eldalië "the Elven-folk" (often used Therindë, q.v. vaguely to mean all the race of Elves, though it ednis sindë (Þ) "grey, pale or silvery grey" properly did not include the Avari) (WJ:374, ÉLED; (the Vanyarin dialect preserves the older form Þindë) possessive Eldaliéva in the name Mindon Eldaliéva, (WJ:384, THIN; in SA:thin(d) the form given is q.v.) sinda, cf. also sindanóriello "from a grey country" in eilaV Valië female Vala, pl. Valier attested Namárië. Sindë and sinda are apparently variants of (Silm) the same word.) See Sindicollo. eilayne enyalië "to recall", "to ednit tindë "glint" (noun) (TIN) commemorate", with infinitival ending -ië; dative edniv [vindë "blue-grey, pale blue or grey" enyalien "for the re-calling", "[in order] to recall" in (WIN/WIND)] CO. edniwh hwindë "eddy, whirlpool" (SWIN) eilayt tyalië "sport, play, game" (TYAL, ednol londë "land-locked haven". In LT1:260) Alqualondë "Swan-haven" (SA). In the Etymologies, eiledneuQ Quendelië ("q") *"the People of stem LOD, londë is glossed "road (in sea), entrance the Elves" (KWEN(ED) ) to harbour" (LOD). eilessol losselië "white people" (MC:216) eileuq quelië "waning" in Narquelië, q.v.

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eileuqraN Narquelië tenth month of the eiráman namárië "farewell" (Nam, year, "October" (Appendix D); the word seems to RGEO:67) mean "Fire-waning", "Sun-waning". Compare eiráN Nárië sixth month of the year, "June" narquelion ("q"), q.v. (Appendix D); derived from the stem (a)nar- having eilleleT Telellië "Teler-folk" (TELES) to do with fire or sun. eimiaT Taimië, Taimë "the sky" (LT1:268; eirát tárië "height", allative tárienna "to rather menel in mature Quenya) [the] height" (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in eimla almië "blessedness, 'blessings', good Letters:308) fortune, bliss" (GALA) eiratnauQ Quantarië "Day of Completion, eimreC Cermië seventh month of the year, Oldyear's Day" (PM:127) (= the quantien of the "July" (Appendix D) Etymologies) ein nië "tear" (NEI, LT1:262, LT2:346); eirayniV Vinyarië "Newyear's Day" apparently níe in MC:221 (PM:127) einássam massánië "breadgiver", used as a eirev verië "boldness" (BER) title of the highest woman among any Elvish people, eiriaf fairië "freedom" (LT1:250) since she had the keeping and gift of the coimas eiríminraC Carnimírië "Red-jewelled", the (lembas). Also translated simply "Lady" (PM:404) rowan-tree in Quickbeam's song (LotR2:III ch. 4, einatniT Tintanië "Kindler" = Varda (TIN; SA:caran), also translated "with adornment of red Tintánië under TAN) jewels" (Letters:224; where the reading "carnemírie" eináv vánië an augmentless perfect of auta- occurs) (q.v.) that may occur in verse; regular form avánië eiródniL Lindórië fem. name, perhaps (WJ:365) *"She that arises in beauty" (compare Melkor "He eináva avánië, pl. avánier perfect tense of that arises in Might") (Silm). Cf. linda. auta-, q.v. (WJ:365) eirón #nórië "country", in sindanórië (see einédudlA Aldudénië "Lament for the Two sinda) (Nam, RGEO:67) Trees" (a strange word, since Quenya does not permit eisíh hísië "mist" (Nam, SA:hîth); also hísë. intervocalic d as in this word - perhaps the Vanyarin eissalo olassië "collection of leaves, foliage" dialect of Quenya did) (Silm) (Letters:283) einemoy yomenië "meeting, gathering" (of eisua ausië "wealth" (LT2:336) three or more coming from different directions) eit tië "path, course, line, direction, way" (WJ:407) (TE3); pl. tier in Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67); einev venië "shape, cut" (prob. noun) tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51; tie-lya- (LT1:254) nna "path-your-upon") einif finië "cunning" (prob. noun) eitál látië "openness" (VT39:23) (LT1:253) eithapauqa aquapahtië "privacy" (literally einnavaY Yavannië name of the ninth *"fully-closedness", of a mind that closes itself month of the year, "September" (Appendix D, against telepathic transfers) (VT39:23) SA:yávë) eitnalat talantië "he is fallen" (FS; see -ië #2 einras sarnië "shingle, pebble-bank" concerning the doubtful authority of this stative verb (UT:463) ending in mature Quenya) einrom mornië "darkness" (Nam, eitnalata atalantië "Downfall", said to be a RGEO:67). Early "Qenya" also has Mornië "Black normal noun-formation in Quenya (Letters:347). Grief", "the black ship that plies between Mandos and eitnemo omentië "meeting" (meeting or Erumáni" (LT1:261). This is probably a compound junction of the directions of two people) (WJ:367), mor- "black" and nië "tear". *omentielva "our meeting", only attested in the einúdnA Andúnië (apparently a variant form genitive: omentielvo "of our meeting". See -lva. of andúnë) (place-name, a city and port on the Concerning the alternative reading omentielmo, see - western coast of Númenor, said to mean "sunset"). lma. (Appendix A, Silm, UT:166, NDÛ) eitsewgnet tengwestië "Language" as eir rië "crown" (RIG) abstract or phenomenon (WJ:394) eira arië "daytime" (AR1) eiuqne enquië Eldarin six-day week, pl. eirám márië "it is good" (FS; from mára enquier (Appendix D) "good"; the stative-verb suffix -ië is hardly valid in eiv vië "manhood, vigour" (WEG) mature Quenya) eiváy yávië "autumn" (SA:yávë); "autumn, eiramA Amarië (fem. name; perhaps harvest", in the calendar of Imladris a precisely derived from mára "good") (Silm) defined period of 54 days, but also used without any

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exact definition (Appendix D); yáviérë *"Autumn- elatneuqemúl lúmequentalë ("q") "history" day", a day outside the months in the Steward's (LU, KWET) Reckoning, inserted between Yavannië and elatroh hortalë "speeding, urging" (KHOR) Narquelië (September and October) (Appendix D) elatrun nurtalë "hiding" (evidently a verbal eivet tevië "hatred" (LT1:268); also tevin stem #nurta- "hide" with the verbal noun ending -lë); eivioc coivië ("k") "awakening", noun Nurtalë Valinóreva "the Hiding of Valinor" (Silm) (LT1:257; in mature Quenya cuivië, as in Cuiviénen) elatsev vestalë "wedding" (BES) (under eiviuc cuivië "awakening", noun (early WED the word was defined as "oath", but this was "Qenya" coivië, q.v.) In Cuiviénen, "Water of struck out) Awakening" (SA:cuivië, SA:nen, KUY; spelt with a k elatson nostalë "species, kind" (LT1:272) in the Etymologies) elauqnu unqualë ("q") "agony, death" eiwnav vanwië "the past, past time" (WAN) (KWAL) eiwnorov voronwië "endurance, lasting elauy yualë "twilight" (KAL) quality" (BOR) elawgnu ungwalë "torture" (ÑGWAL) ekólugna angulókë "dragon" (LOK) elayrem meryalë "holiday" (MBER) elabma ambalë "yellow bird, 'yellow elaytni intyalë "imagination" (INK/INIK) hammer' " (SMAL) eldiratI Itarildë, Itaril (*Itarill-), Itarillë elabmut tumbalë apparently an extented fem. name, Sindarized as Idril (PM:346, 348; SA:ril). form of tumba "deep valley" (Letters:308; SA:tum (In earlier sources, Tolkien used Irildë as the Quenya and TUB gives tumbo "valley, deep valley"). In form of Idril.) tumbalemorna "deepvalleyblack" or (according to elebmal lambelë "Language" (especially SA:tum) "black deep valley", also tumbaletaurëa with reference to phonology). *"phonetics" "deepvalleyforested"; see Taurelilómëa- (VT39:15) tumbalemorna... elecian naicelë ("k") "sharp pain" (NÁYAK) elác cálë ("k") "light" (Markirya; in early elecnet tencelë ("k") "writing system, "Qenya", cálë meant "morning", LT1:254) spelling" (TEK) elacia aicalë ("k") "a peak" (AYAK) elednagorov vorogandelë (read elacnA Ancalë ("k") "radiant one" = Sun *vorongandelë, voroñgandele) "harping on one (KAL) tune", continual repetition (BOR) elacnam mancalë ("k") (MBAKH) elednan nandelë ("ñ") "harping" elacúy yúcalë ("k") "twilight" (KAL) (ÑGAN/ÑGÁNAD) elai [ialë "everlasting" (GEY); replaced by elednew wendelë "maidenhood" (LT1:271) oialë] elednil lindelë "music" (LIN2, LT1:258 - elaio oialë "everlasting [?age]" (Reading of #lindalë in Ainulindalë). gloss uncertain) (OY) Used as an adverb eledniw windelë "loom" (LT1:254) "everlastingly" in Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67) elepo opelë "walled house or village, 'town' " elamma ammalë "yellow bird, 'yellow (PEL(ES) ) hammer' " (SMAL) elet telë- "finish, end" (intransitive), also "be elatial laitalë "praising", isolated from the last thing or person in a series or sequence of Erulaitalë (UT:166, 436) events" (WJ:411; telë may be taken as the 3. person elatialurE Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru", a aorist of a stem tel-) Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436) eletce ectelë ("k") "fountain", also cectelë elatnah hantalë "thanksgiving", isolated ("k") (LT1:257, LT2:338; in mature Quenya ehtelë) from Eruhantalë (UT:166) eletcec cectelë ("k") "fountain" (LT1:257, elatnahurE Eruhantalë "Thanksgiving to LT2:338; in mature Quenya ehtelë) Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436) elethe ehtelë "issue of water, spring" elatneuq quentalë ("q") "account, history" (SA:kel-, KEL, ET) (KWET), "narration, History" as abstract, but the eletneuq quentelë ("q") "sentence" word may also be used with a particular reference, as (LT2:348) in quentalë Noldoron or quentalë Noldorinwa "the eletor rotelë "cave" (LT2:347) history of the Noldor", referring to the real events elette ettelë "outer lands" (ET) rather than an account of them: "that part of elewgnet tengwelë ("e") "Language" (in all [] History which concerned the Noldor". its aspects), a general word for the grouping and (VT39:16; in this source the spelling really is composing of tengwi (linguistic "signs", phonemes) "quentale" rather than "qentale") into a linguistic system (VT39:16)

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elí ílë "star" (LT1:269; use rather elen, él in elleuqóN Nóquellë alternative name of mature Quenya.) October (PM:135) eliam mailë "lust" (MIL-IK) elleuqrE Erquellë alternative name of eliat tailë "lengthening, extension" (TAY) September (PM:135) eliu uilë "long trailing plant", especially elleyh hyellë "glass" (KHYEL(ES) ) "seaweed" (UY) elleyn nyellë "bell" (NYEL) eliuc cuilë ("k") "life, being alive" (KUY) elleyt tyellë "grade" (pl. tyeller attested) elium muilë "secrecy" (MUY) (Appendix E) eliut tuilë "spring, spring-time", also used = ellin nillë ("ñ") a star-imagine on Nur- "dayspring, early morn" (TUY, VT39:7), in the menel (q.v.), from a stem ngil- "silver glint" calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 (MR:388) days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. elliratI Itarillë, Itaril (*Itarill-), Itarildë tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the fem. name, Sindarized as Idril (PM:346, 348; SA:ril). word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it (In earlier sources, Tolkien used Irildë as the Quenya literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively form of Idril.) for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. elliteynileH Helinyetillë "Eyes of mature Quenya tuima. Heartsease", a name of the pansy (LT1:262) eliutóN Nótuilë alternative name of May elloron norollë "cart" (GL:31) (PM:135) ellu ullë intr. pa.t. of ulya-, q.v. (ULU). Cf. eliutra artuilë "dayspring, early morn" ullier "poured", a pl. past tense of ulya- "pour" (TUY) occurring in LR:47; read probably *uller in mature eliutrE Ertuilë alternative name of April Quenya. In SD:247, ullier is translated "should flow". (PM:135) elo olë "three" (LT1:258; in mature Quenya elív vílë "gentle breeze" (LT1:273) neldë) ellaf fallë "foam" (PHAL/PHÁLAS) elóf fólë "secrecy, a secret" (LT2:340; ellam mallë pl. maller "street" (MBAL, "Qenya" spelling fôlë) LR:47, 56, LT1:263, SD:310) elognI Ingolë "Science/Philosophy" as a ellan nallë, nal "dale, dell" (LT1:261) whole (PM:360; WJ:383 has ingolë ["iñgole"], ellatnit Tintallë "Kindler", a title of Varda glossed "lore". In the Etymologies, stem ÑGOL, the who kindled the stars (TIN, Nam, RGEO:67). From word ingolë was marked as archaic or poetic and is tinta- "kindle, make to sparkle" (MR:388) glossed "deep lore, magic"). elle ellë "came", pl. eller with a plural eloim moilë "tarn" (LT2:349) subject (MC:215; this is "Qenya") elón nólë "long study (of any subject), lore, ellednan nandellë ("ñ") "little harp" knowledge" (SA:gûl, also WJ:383 and MR:350, there (ÑGAN/ÑGÁNAD) spelt ñóle, the earlier pronunciation. In the elleh hellë "sky" (3EL; a distinct word hellë Etymologies, stem ÑGOL, the gloss is "wisdom".) "frost" was struck out, see KHEL.) eloniav vainolë "quiver" (noun) (LT1:271) elleir riellë "a maiden crowned with a elót tólë "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë festival garland" (PM:347), also short form riel in to be preferred in mature Quenya) (*riell-) "garlanded maiden" (SA:kal-). In Altariel, elua aulë (1) "invention" (GAWA/GOWO); Altariellë. evidently connected to or associated with Aulë, name elleleT Telellë "little elf" (also Teler); the of the Vala of craft (GAWA/GOWO, TAN); adopted Telelli are said to be "young Elves of all clans who and adapted from Valarin (WJ:399) dwelt in Kôr to perfect their arts of singing and elua aulë (2) "shaggy" (LT1:249; this poetry" (LT1:267; see Teler) "Qenya" word may have been obsoleted by # 1 ellemiuq quimellë "lady" (GL:45) above) ellen nellë "brook" (NEN) eluan naulë "wolf-howl" (ÑGAW; this must elleso osellë "sister, [female] associate" represent earlier *ñaulë = *ngaulë; these forms are (THEL/THELES, WÔ). Cf. otorno. not given in Etym, but compare ñauro. In Tengwar ellet tellë "rear" (TELES) writing, the initial N would be represented by the elleuq quellë "fading", in the calendar of letter noldo, not númen.) Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but eluat taulë "great tree" (LT1:267) also used without any exact definition, for the latter elubmul lumbulë "(heavy) shadow" (Nam, part of autumn and the beginning of winter (Appendix RGEO:67) D) elúht thúlë (Þúlë) see súlë eluim miulë "whining, mewing" (MIW)

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eluis siulë "incitement" (SIW) s- being turned into st-, or m being strengthened to elús súlë (Þ) "spirit, breath", also name of mb. (VT39:9) tengwa 9; originally thúlë (Þúlë), before the shift th eml -lmë pronominal ending for inclusive > s that occurred shortly before the rebellion of the "we", sc. "we" including the person that is spoken to. Noldor (Appendix E, THÛ) Exemplified in laituvalmet "we shall bless them" em me "us"; mel-lumna "us-is-heavy", sc. (lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them") (LotR3:VI *"is heavy for us" (LR:47, mel- is evidently an ch. 4, translated in Letters:308) assimilated form of *men "for us", dative of me); emlal lalmë "elm-tree" (ÁLAM) dual met "us (two)" emlala alalmë "elm, elm-tree" (ÁLAM, emárauqlA Alquarámë ("q") "Swan-wing" LÁLAM, LT1:249) (LT2:335) emlan [nalmë] ("ñ") "clamour" emáuq quámë ("q") "sickness" (KWAM) (ÑGAL/ÑGALAM) emáy yámë "yawning" (MC:214; cf. the emlap palmë "surface" (PAL) stem YAG in the Etymologies) emlas salmë "harp-playing" (LT1:265; emayrotna antoryamë "strengthening", used rather nandelë in mature Quenya) of various manipulations of a stem, such as emlawgn ngwalmë see nwalmë lengthening vowels or consonants or turning a emlawn nwalmë "torment", also name of consonant or a vowel into a "blend" (see ostimë) tengwa 20. Originally pronounced ngwalmë; initial (VT39:9) ng had become n in Third Age pronunciation emeló ólemë "elbow" (LT1:258) (Appendix E) emelón nólemë "deep lore, wisdom" emlay yalmë "clamour" (ÑGAL/ÑGALAM) (LT1:263). Would represent earlier *ñólemë and emlem melmë "love" (noun) (MEL) should be spelt accordingly in Tengwar. Perhaps emlet telmë "hood, covering"; ablative in the replaced by Nolmë in mature Quenya. phrase telmello telmanna "from hood to base, from eménel lenémë "with leave" (+ gen: "with crown to foot, top to bottom" (TEL/TELU) leave of") (SD:246) emley [yelmë] (not glossed; the etymology emiah haimë "habit" (KHIM) may suggest *"friendship") (YEL, struck out) emial laimë "shade" (DAY) emlic cilmë "choosing" (isolated from emiar raimë (evidently a misreading for Essecilmë "name-choosing", q.v.) (MR:214); also in *roime) "hunt, hunting" (ROY1) cilmessi ("k") "self-names", literally names of emiaT Taimë, Taimië "the sky" (LT1:268; personal choice (PM:339) (cilmë + essi, hence rather menel in mature Quenya) *"choice-names"). Sg. *cilmessë. emiay yaimë "wailing" (noun), from which emlicessE Essecilmë "name-choosing", an is derived the adjective yaimëa "wailing", pl. yaimië Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or in Markirya herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) emilacnA Ancalimë fem. name, *"Most (MR:214, 471). Bright One" emlim milmë "desire, greed" (MIL-IK) emilúS Súlimë third month of the year, emlin nilmë "friendship" (NIL/NDIL) "March". The word apparently means *"windy one" emlis silmë "starlight", also name of tengwa (Appendix D; SA:sûl; not capitalized in the latter 29 (Appendix E); silmë nuquerna "s reversed", name source). Early "Qenya" has súlimë "wind" (LT1:266) of tengwa 30, similar to normal silmë but turned eminéN Nénimë second month of the year, upside down (Appendix E). In the Etymologies, stem "February" (Appendix D) SIL, silmë is defined as the "light of Silpion" emior *roimë - see raime (ROY1) (Telperion), and also a poetic word for "silver". emirÚ Úrimë (in some editions Urimë, but emlisi isilmë "moonlight", occurring in this seems to be an error; cf. úrë "heat") eighth month Markirya; free translation "the moon" in MC:215 of the year, "August" (Appendix D, SA:ur-, UT:302) (isilmë ilcalassë, lit. "moonlight gleaming-in" = "in emisíH Hísimë eleventh month of the year, the moon gleaming") "November" (Appendix D, SA:hîth). The Quenya emloh holmë "odour" (ÑOL) word seems to mean "Misty One". emloN Nolmë ("ñ") "knowledge, Philosophy emitso ostimë (pl. ostimi is attested) (including Science)" (PM:360 cf. 344) "blend", term for a kind of "strengthened" elements emlos solmë "wave" (LT1:266) within a stem, where a single sound has been emluaq qualmë ("q") "agony, death" expanded into two different elements while (KWAL, LT1:264) maintaining a unitary effect and significance: such as emluy yulmë (1) "drinking, carousal" (WJ:416)

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emluy yulmë (2) "red [?heat]" (the gloss was emro ormë (2) "summit, crest" (LT1:256; illegible) (YUL) this "Qenya" word is probably obsoleted by # 1 emm -mmë pronominal ending, exclusive above) "we", seen in vammë "we won't" (WJ:371) emroh hormë "urgency" (confused with emma ammë "mother" (AM1) ormë "rushing") (KHOR) emódnit tindómë "starry twilight, starlit emrum murmë "slumber" (LT1:261) dusk" (DOMO, TIN, SA:tin), usually of the time near emu ál lá umë > laumë "no indeed not, on dawn, not near evening (SA:tin) the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous emódnu undómë "twilight", usually of the questions") (LA) time near evening, not near dawn (that is tindómë) emú úmë pa.t. of um- (and u-?) emól lómë as "dusk". In Lómion "Child of (UGU/UMU) Twilight [dusk]", the Quenya name Aredhel secretly emual laumë < lá umë "no indeed not, on gave to Maeglin (SA). Otherwise lómë is usually the contrary" ("also used for asking incredulous defined as "night" (Letters:308, LR:41, SD:302, questions") (LA) SA:dú); the Etymologies defines lómë as "Night [as emudnu undumë "abyss" (Markirya) phenomenon], night-time, shades of night" (DO3/DÔ, emúf fúmë "sleep" (noun) (LT1:253) LUM, DOMO). In early "Qenya" the gloss was emúl lúmë (1) "time" (LU) or "hour", "dusk, gloom, darkness" (LT1:255). Cf. lómelindë pl. allative lúmenna "upon the hour", elided lúmenn' in lómelindi "nightingale" (SA:dú, LR:41; SD:302, the greeting elen síla lúmenn' omentielvo because MR:172, DO3/DÔ, LIN2, TIN). Derived adjective the next word begins with a similar vowel. The *lómëa "gloomy" in Lómëanor "Gloomyland"; see complete form lúmenna omentielvo is found in Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna... WJ:367 and Letters:424. Cf. also the compounds emóladla Aldalómë place-name *"Tree- lumenyárë and lúmequenta, q.v.) night" or *"Tree-twilight" (LotR2:III ch. 4) emúl lúmë (2) "darkness" (one wonders if emóliriW Wirilómë a name of the great Tolkien confused lúmë "time, hour" and lómë Spider () (LT1:254) "night") (Markirya) emólisíH Hísilómë (place-name) "Hithlum" emulauq qualumë ("q") "heaving" (MC:214; (SA:hîth, LUM) this is "Qenya") emonis sinomë "in this place" (EO) emúlay yalúmë "former times" (YA) emorO Oromë name of a Vala, adopted and emulec celumë ("k") "stream, flow" (KEL, adapted from Valarin. Observes Pengolodh, "the LT1:257); locative pl. celumessen ("k") in Markirya Eldar now take the name to singify 'horn-blowing' or (ëar-celumessen is translated "in the flowing sea", lit. 'horn-blower', but to the Valar it had no such *"in the sea-streams"). meaning" (WJ:400-401, cf. SA:rom and ROM, emulet telumë "dome, roof, canopy" TÁWAR in Etym). Genitive Oromëo and possessive (TEL/TELU, WJ:411 cf. 399; see also telluma); Oroméva in WJ:368. "firmament" (MC:214), inflected telumen in MC:221 emraC Carmë ("k") "art" (UT:459) (the latter is "Qenya"). Telumehtar "warrior of the emracessE Essecarmë "name-making" sky", older name of Menelmacar = Orion (Appendix (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father E, TEL/TELU, WJ:411); Telumendil *"Sky-friend", announces the name of his child. Essecenta (- name of a constellation (Silm) "kenta") *"Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415) emullay yallumë "at last" (FS) emracneio oiencarmë "perpetual emullu ullumë an word occurring in Fíriel's production" in oiencarmë Eruo ("k") "the One's Song, evidently meaning "not for ever". Cf. ú-, lúmë. [Eru's] perpetual production", free rendering "God's emún númë "going down, occident" management of the Drama" (MR:471) (Letters:361). Apparently meaning "west" in emras sarmë "writing" (VT39:8) númeheruen and numeheruvi; indeed númë was emrein niermë ??? (Narqelion) glossed "West" in early "Qenya" (LT1:263). emres sermë "friend" (fem.) (SER) emunef fenumë "dragon" (LT2:341 - but emrewh hwermë "gesture-code" (WJ:395) lókë is the normal word in mature Quenya) emreyk kyermë *"prayer", isolated from emúnoroS Soronúmë (Þ?) (name of a Erukyermë (UT:166) constellation, apparently incorporating soron "eagle") emreykurE Erukyermë "Prayer to Eru", a (SA:thoron) Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436) emure erumë "desert" (ERE) emrin nirmë "act of will" (VT39:30) emús-en ne-súmë ??? (Narqelion) emro ormë (1) "haste, violence, wrath", en ne ??? = n- in n-alalmino (Narqelion) "rushing" (noun) (GOR, KHOR) enác cánë ("k") "valour" (KAN)

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enaclam malcanë ("k") "torture" (LT1:250) enioviam maivoinë "great longing" enaclav valcanë ("k") "vague" (MC:213; this (LT2:345) is "Qenya") enipmit timpinë "spray" (LT1:268) enacrac carcanë ("k") "row of teeth" enít tínë "shining" (MC:213; this is (KARAK). In early "Qenya", carcanë meant "Qenya") "snarling", adj. (MC:213) eniudnuN Nunduinë *"West-flow", name of enáf fánë, fána "white" (Markirya - fánë as a river in Númenor (UT:168) a sg. form may be a misreading) eniuf fuinë "deep shadow" (PHUY; cf. enagnas sanganë "gather" (MC:214; this is "Qenya" fuin "night" in MC:221) "Qenya") eniuh huinë "deep shadow" (PHUY), enagnul lunganë "bending" (MC:214; this is "gloom, darkness" (SA:fuin), also used for "shadow" "Qenya") = Sauron (LR:56). With prefix nu- "under" and enám mánë "a spirit that has gone to the allative ending -nna in nuhuinenna (SD:246); also Valar or to Erumáni" (LT1:260) unuhuinë "under-shadow" (LR:47). enam manë "good (moral)" (sc. *"good in a eniuhunu unuhuinë "under-shadow" moral sense") (LT1:260) (LR:47); see huinë. enár ránë "straying, wandering" (noun) eniuhurun nuruhuinë "death-shadow" (RAN) (LR:47, 56, SD:310) enatsalaf falastanë "surging", falastanéro ennal lannë "tissue, cloth" (LAN) "was loud with surf" (MC:213, 220; this is "Qenya" - ennav vannë pa.t. of vanya- (WAN) the participle "surging" is falastala in mature ennevar ravennë "she-lion" (LT1:260) Quenya) enó ónë pa.t. of onta- "beget, create" (ONO) enatsih histanë "fading" (MC:213; this is enódniL Lindónë, Lindon "Lindon", place- "Qenya") name (WJ:385) enatsual laustanë "roaring" (MC:213; this is enolh #hlonë pl. hloni "sounds" (or may the "Qenya") sg. be #hlon? #hlón?) (WJ:394) enatsup pustanë "blowing" (MC:213; this is enóllavA Avallónë Haven and city on Tol "Qenya") Eressëa. In the Akallabêth the city is said to be so enav vanë "fair" (LT1:272; in mature named because it is "of all cities the nearest to Quenya rather vanya) Valinor", but the etymology is not further explained. enáv vánë past tense of auta-, q.v. (WJ:365) The Etymologies gives Avalóna "the outer isle" = Tol enavú úvanë "without beauty", adj. úvanëa Eressea (LONO, (AWA) ) (VT39:14) enóno onónë - see eróno (= onórë) eném ménë "on us" (SD:310) enórabmA Ambarónë "uprising, sunrise, eneret terenë, teren "slender" Orient" (AM2) (TER/TERES) enrac carnë "red" (SA:caran, MC:214, enev venë "small boat, vessel, dish" KARÁN - spelt with a k in the two latter sources), not (LT1:254) to be confused with the past tense of car- (carin). enév vénë < wénë "virginity" enraf farnë "dwelling", in orofarnë (WEN/WENED) enraforo orofarnë "mountain-dwelling" enévalaC Calavénë ("k") "Sun" (lit. *"light- (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in Letters:224) vessel", *"light-dish") (LT1:254) enras sarnë "strong place" (SAR) enéw wénë > vénë "virginity" enrav [varnë] (2) "protection" (BAR) (WEN/WENED) enrav varnë (1) "brown, swart, dark brown", eniauq quainë ("q") "wailing (pl.)" in compounds varni- (BARÁN) (MC:213; this is "Qenya") enref fernë "beech-tree" (pl. ferni given). eniav vainë "sheath" (LT1:271) Also feren. (PHER/PHÉREN) enif finë "a hair" (PM:340) or "larch" (SPIN) enro ornë "tree" (Letters:308, SD:302: eníl línë "cobweb" (SLIG) "when smaller and more slender like a birch or enilia #ailinë (nominative uncertain) a rowan", Etym stem ÓR-NI: "tree, high isolated tree"). "Qenya" word for "shore, beach" (mature Quenya For the etymology, see Letters:426. In ornemalin hresta). Only attested in inflected forms: sg. ablative "tree-yellow"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... ailinello "shore-from" (MC:213), sg. locative (LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308). Masc. name ailinisse "on shore" (MC:221), pl. locative ailissen Ornendil *"Tree-friend" (Appendix A) "on beaches" (for *ailinissen?) (MC:221) enroc cornë ("k") "loaf" (LT1:257) enim minë "one" (MINI)

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enros sornë, sor "eagle" (LT1:266); rather erá árë "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" sorno, soron in mature Quenya (SA:arien). Also name of tengwa 31; cf. also ar # 2. enrut turnë pa.t. of tur- (TUR) Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, enúc cúnë ("k") "crescent, bow" (LT1:271). the letter became superfluous and was given the new Cf. cú. value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E). enúdna andúnë "sunset, west, evening" Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa (NDÛ, Markirya, SA), also in Namárië: Andúnë 32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down "West" (but the standard Quenya translation of "west" (Appendix E). –In the Etymologies, this word has a is Númen) (Nam, RGEO:66) Cf. andu- in Andúnië, short vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1) Andúril. eradlon noldarë "mole"; also nolpa (GL:30) enúl lúnë "blue" (LUG2, LT1:262; Namárië eráf fárë "sufficiency, plenitude, all that is has #luin) wanted" (PHAR) enullat tallunë "sole of foot" (TALAM, eragniR Ringarë the twelfth and last month RUN) of the year, "December" (Appendix D, SA:ring); the enúlleiN Niellúnë "Sirius" (a star), also word seems to mean "Cold-day". Nierninwa (LT1:262) erah harë, har "near" (LT1:253) ép pé "lip", dual peu "the two lips, the eramla almarë "blessedness, 'blessings', mouth-opening" (VT39:9). In an earlier source, the good fortune, bliss" (GALA) Etymologies, pé was glossed "mouth" (PEG) eramlI Ilmarë "starlight", also name of a eplet telpë "silver", telep- in some Maia (GIL, SA:ilm-) compounds like Teleporno; assimilated telem- in erán nárë, also short nár, "flame" (NAR1, Telemnar (KYELEP/TELEP, SA:celeb, LT1:255, Narqelion). Translated "fire" in some names, see 268; also tyelpë, telep-, UT:266). The true Quenya Aicanáro, Fëanáro (where nár apparently has the descendant of primitive *kyelepê is tyelpë, but the masculine ending -o) Telerin form telpë was more common, "for the Teleri erasat tasarë, tasar "willow-tree" prized silver above gold, and their skill as (TATHAR). In Tasarinan *"Willow-valley", Nan- silversmiths was esteemed even by the Noldor" tasarion *"Valley of willows" (SA:tathar) (UT:266). Telperion the White Tree of Valinor; erát tárë "in that day", not translated in its Telperien ("Telperiën"), fem. name including telp- first occurrence in Fíriel's Song "silver" (Appendix A); Telperinquar "Silver-fist, eratno ontarë "begetter, parent" (fem); pl. " (SA:celeb - also Tyelperinquar); ontari (see ontani) covers both sexes. (ONO) Telporno, Teleporno "Silver-high" = Sindarin eratsey yestarë *"first-day", the first day of Celeborn (Letters:347, UT:266). It seems that the year (loa), immediately before tuilë (Appendix Teleporno is properly Telerin, Quenyarized as D) Telporno. eráuq quárë (also quár) "fist" (SA:celeb, epleyt tyelpë "silver" (KYELEP/TELEP), KWAR; in the Etymologies, Tolkien first wrote quár etymology also in Letters:426 and UT:266. Tyelpë is pl. quari, and quár is also found in PM:318. As the true Quenya descendant of primitive *kyelepê, but usual, the Etym forms have q instead of qu.) the Telerin form telpë was more common, "for the According to PM:318, the "chief use [of this word] Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as was in reference to the tightly closed hand as in using silversmiths was esteemed even by the Noldor" an implement or a craft-tool rather than to the 'fist' as (UT:266). used in punching". epmat tampë "copper" (LT1:268; in mature eráy yárë "former days" (YA) Quenya tampë is [also?] the past tense of tap- "stop, eraynaf fanyarë "the skies" (not heaven or block") firmament - the upper airs and clouds). Note that epmat tampë pa.t. of tápë, see tap- (TAP) despite its English gloss, fanyarë is a singular word epmel lempë "five" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK, and therefore takes a singular adjective/participle, as GL:53) in fanyarë rúcina "ruined skies" in Markirya (see epmil limpë "(wine), drink of the Valar" MC:220, note 8 for this translation) (LIP), cf. the early "Qenya" gloss "drink of the eráyne enyárë "in that day" (pointing to the fairies" (LT1:258) future) (FS) epmit timpë "fine rain" (LT1:268, eráynemul lumenyárë "history, Narqelion) chronological account" (NAR2 - read *lúmenyárë?) epmot tompë pa.t. of top- (topë) (TOP) ere erë, eren "iron" or "steel"; Eremandu ér ré "day" (of the sun) (Appendix D); short variant of Angamandu (Angband) (LT1:252; "iron" -rë in compounds like Ringarë

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should be anga in mature Quenya, but these words erial lairë (3) "meadow" (LT1:267, GL:39 - may be used for "steel") perhaps a doubtful word in mature Quenya, since eredne #enderë pl. enderi "middle-days", in lairë already has to carry two other meanings) the calendar of Imladris three days inserted between erialeteM Metelairë alternative name of the months (or seasons) yávië and quellë (Appendix August (PM:135) D) eriallE Ellairë alternative name of June eréh hérë "lordship" (LT1:272) (PM:135); evidently incorporating lairë "summer"; eréillac calliérë "shone" ("k") (MC:220; this the el- part is probably an assimilated form of er-, an is "Qenya" - mature Quenya *callë, *caltanë.) element meaning one or first, June being the first eréliut tuilérë *"Spring-day", a day outside summer month. the months in the Steward's Reckoning, inserted erialloroC Corollairë ("Korollairë") see between Súlimë and Víressë (March and April). In Coron Oiolairë early "Qenya", Tuilérë was simply glossed "Spring" erialóN Nólairë alternative name of July (LT1:269). (PM:135) erés sérë "rest, repose, peace" (SED); see erian nairë "lament" (noun) (NAY) under úyë concerning the sentence úyë sérë indo- eriapa apairë "victory" (GL:17) ninya símen in Fíriel's Song eriatalA Alatairë "Great Sea", name of eret terë, ter "through" (Notes on CO, Western Ocean between Beleriand and Valinor, called UT:317, TER/TERES, Narqelion) Belegaer in Sindarin (ÁLAT, AYAR/AIR) erév vérë "bond, troth, compact, oath" eriaV Vairë "the Weaver", name of a Valië, (WED) spouse of Mandos (Silm, WEY). The name is eréyn nyérë "grief" (LT1:261), "sorrow" translated "Ever-weaving" in VT39:10, and it is (GL:60) implied that the archaic form was *Wairê rather than erí [írë] (3) "eternal" (read "eternity", as Weirê, the reconstruction given in the Etymologies suggested by Christopher Tolkien, but the word was (LR:398). changed to oirë) (GEY) erif firë pl. firi "mortal man" (PHIR) ("Firi" erí írë (1) "desire" (ID) is not clearly glossed and may also be an archaic form erí írë (2) "when" (relative, not question- from which firë is derived, since word-final short *i word: írë Anarinya queluva, "when my sun faileth") became e in Quenya - but since we would rather (FS) expect the spelling *phiri if it were an archaic form, it eria [airë (3) "eternity" (EY)] is best taken as the pl. of firë.) eria airë (1) "holy", airetári or Airë Tári eríl lírë "song", instrumental lírinen "in [the] "holy queen" (a title of Varda, PM:363), genitive song" or *"by [the] song" (Nam, RGEO:67) aire-tário "holy-queen's" (Nam, RGEO:67 - but erím mírë "jewel" (MIR, SA:mîr). Cf. according to PM:363, airë is the noun "sanctity", Elemmírë; short form -mir in Tar-Atanamir. while aira is the adjective "holy") (SA:mîr) eria airë (2) "sea" (dat.sg. airen given) erímadrA Ardamírë "Jewel of the World", (AYAR/AIR) masc. name (PM:348) eriac cairë ("k") "lay" (pa.t. of "lie") erímannavay yavannamírë "Yavanna- (MC:221; this is "Qenya" - in mature Quenya jewel", name of a tree with globed and scarlet fruits *caitanë pa.t. of caita?) (UT:167) eriaf fairë (1) "phantom, disembodied spirit, erímmelE Elemmírë *"Star-jewel" (elen + when seen as a pale shape" (pl. fairi in Markirya); míre, note assimilation nm > mm), name of a also used = "spirit (in general)" (MR:349) star/planet (possibly Mercury, MR:435, where the eriaf fairë (2) "natural death" (as act) (PHIR) spelling is Elemmirë); also name of an Elf. (SA:mîr) eriaf fairë (3) "radiance" (PHAY) erímodloN Noldomírë lit. *"Noldo-jewel", eriaf fairë (4) "free" (LT1:250) (use rather another word for Silmaril (ÑGOLOD). Would mirima in mature Quenya) represent earlier *Ñoldomírë and should be spelt erial lairë (1) "summer" (Letters:283), in the accordingly in Tengwar. calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 72 erímulI Ilumírë *"World-jewel", another days, but also used without any exact definition word for Silmaril (IL) (Appendix D). Oiolairë "Eversummer"; see Coron erín nírë "tear" (NEI) Oiolairë. Lairelossë *"Summer-snow", name of a erio oirë "everlasting [?age]" (Reading of tree (UT:167), perhaps with white flowers. gloss uncertain) (OY) erial lairë (2) "poem" (GLIR) erioc coirë "stirring", in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days

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(Appendix D), but translated "the first day of Spring" (SA:dôr); hence Númenor as the name of the great in the Silmarillion Appendix (SA:cuivië). Early isle given to the Edain by the Valar (FS, LR:56); full "Qenya" has coirë ("k") "life" (LT1:257; in later form Númenórë (LR:47, SD:247, NDÛ); allative Quenya, the word for "life" is cuilë; however, cf. the númenórenna "to Númenor" (LR:56) adj. coirëa "living" occurring both in an early and a eronewiA Aiwenorë (read *Aiwenórë?), late source). Aiwenor "Birdland" = lower air (AIWÊ) eriocóN Nócoirë alternative name of March erónilaV Valinórë (BAL, NDOR), usually (PM:135) shortened Valinor, "the land (or people) of the eriocrE Ercoirë alternative name of Valar", *"Vali-land" (Vali = Valar), land of the Gods February (PM:135) in the West (BAL, NDOR); cf. Valandor. In the early erion #noirë "tomb", isolated from "Qenya Lexicon", Valinor, Valinórë is glossed Noirinan, q.v. "Asgard", the name of the city of the gods in Norse erís sírë "river" (SIR), "stream" (LT1:265) mythology (LT1:272). Possessive (here object eró órë (1) "heart" (inner mind), also name genitive) Valinóreva in Nurtalë Valinóreva, the of tengwa 21. (Appendix E) Cf. the description of "Hiding of Valinor" (Silm). in PM:337, that "there dwelt in her the erop porë "flour, meal" (POL/POLOD) noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". erórana anarórë "sunrise" (ORO) eró órë (2) "rising" (ORO), cf. early erouH Huorë "Heart-vigour" (masc. name) "Qenya" órë "the dawn, Sunrise, East" (LT1:264) (KHÔ-N) erodlop poldorë (not glossed, derived from eróvurim miruvórë "meed", "a special wine polda "strong, burly") (POL/POLOD) or cordial". Also short miruvor. Possessive eródnA Andórë full form of Andor, "land of miruvóreva "of meed" (Nam, RGEO:66; WJ:399) In gift", name of Númenor (SD:247) the "Qenya Lexicon", miruvórë was defined "nectar, eróh hórë "impulse" (KHOR), hórëa drink of the Valar" (LT1:261). "impulsion" (KHOR) (should probably mean erú úrë "heat", also name of tengwa 36 *"impulsive" instead - Christopher Tolkien may have (Appendix E) misread the gloss) erua aurë "sunlight, day" (SA:ur), locative eról lórë "slumber" (LOS) auressë "in (the) morning" in Markirya erom morë "black" (MOR), "dark, darkness" eruac caurë ("k") "fear" (LT1:257) (Letters:282) erual laurë "gold", but of golden light and eróm mórë "blackness, dark, night, colour, not of the metal. In Etym defined as "light of darkness" (MOR, MC:214), also given with short the golden Tree Laurelin, gold" - but not properly vowel: morë "dark, darkness" (Letters:282) used of the metal gold (LÁWAR/GLÁWAR, erón nórë "land" (associated with a GLAW(-R) ). In early "Qenya", however, laurë was particular people) (WJ:413), "country, land, dwelling- defined as "(the mystic name of) gold" (LT1:255, place, region where certain people live, race, clan" 258) or simply "gold" (LT1:248, 268). (NÔ, NDOR, BAL), also used = "people" (SA:dôr; erualacaM Macalaurë ("Makalaurë"), masc. however, the normal word for "people" is lië). Early name, the mother-name (never used in narrative) of "Qenya" has nórë "native land, nation, family, Canafinwë = Maglor (PM:353, MAK); his Sindarin country" (in compounds -nor) (LT1:272) name is seen to be based on his mother-name. In the erónanrA Arnanórë, Arnanor "Arnor", Etymologies, Macalaurë is interpreted "Gold- Royal Land (so #arna = "royal"?) (Letters:428) cleaver" (MAK) erónatseL Lestanórë "Doriath", gen. erualodnU Undolaurë "Glorund" (> Lestanórëo (WJ:369) Glaurung). Also Laurundo. (LT2:341) eróno onórë "sister" (of blood-kin) eruam maurë "need" (MBAS) (THEL/THELES, NÔ; both of these entries in the eruat taurë "(great) wood, forest" (SA:taur, Etymologies as reproduced in LR have the reading Letters:308, TÁWAR), pl. tauri in Markirya "onóne", but the "Old Noldorin" cognate wanûre erúl lúrë "dark weather" (LT1:259) listed in the entry THEL/THELES seems to indicate erúlap palúrë "surface, bosom, bosom of that the Quenya word should be onórë; the letters n Earth" (= Old English folde) (PAL); cf. Palúrien. and r are easily confused in Tolkien's handwriting. erúmoiO Oiomúrë place-name; *"Ever- There is no clear evidence for a feminine ending -në ?mist" (Silm) in Quenya, while -rë is relatively well attested; cf. for erús súrë "wind", instrumental súrinen "in instance ontarë = female parent, mother.) the wind" or more literally *"by the wind" (Nam, erónemúN Númen(n)órë "people of the RGEO:66, Markirya); Súrion masc.name, *"Wind- west", confused with Númendor "land of the west"

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son" (Appendix A). Early "Qenya" has súru essanrav varnassë "security" (BAR) (MC:213, 216, 220) essanroto otornassë "brotherhood" (TOR) erút túrë "mastery, victory" (TUR) essapoh hopassë "harbourage" (KHOP) erutsut tusturë "tinder" (LT1:270) essar rassë "horn" (especially on living esáf fásë "gap, gulf" (GL:36) animal, but also applied to mountains) (RAS, PM:69) esén nésë (Þ) "youth", also nessë (NETH) essarat tarassë ??? (Narqelion) esíh hísë (1) "mist, fog" (KHIS/KHITH). essaraynafrA Arfanyarassë, Arfanyaras Earlier "Qenya" words, probably obsoleted by this (*Arfanyarass-) a "variant or close equivalent" of word: (2) "dusk" (LT1:255), (3) "blinking" (?) Taniquetil (WJ:403) (MC:214) essatlet teltassë "awning" (GL:70) esipmis simpisë "piping" (LT1:266) essatnail liantassë "vine" (LT1:271) espal lapsë "babe" (LAP) essauqial laiquassë ("q") "greenness" espel lepsë "finger" (LEP/LEPET) (LT1:267) esput tupsë "thatch" (TUP) essay #yassë (1) "in which", pl. yassen ess -ssë locative ending; in Lóriendessë, referring back to a plural noun. (Nam, RGEO:66) q.v.; pl. -ssen in yassen, mahalmassen, q.v. The essay yassë (2) "once upon a time" (YA); endings for part. pl. (-lissë or -lissen) and dual (-tsë) writers should rather use yalúmessë or yáressë of are only known from the Plotz letter. similar meaning to avoid confusion with # 1 above. essacia aicassë ("k") (1) "mountain peak" essayagna angayassë "misery" (LT1:249) (AYAK) esse essë (1) "name", also later name of essacia aicassë ("k") (2) "pinetree" (GL:17; tengwa 31, originally called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). this "Qenya" word is evidently obsoleted by # 1 Pl. essi in PM:339 and MR:470. above.) esse essë (2) "beginning" (ESE/ESET). This essacrac carcassë, carcaras ("k") "row of entry was marked by a query in Etym, and a word in spikes or teeth" (LT2:344 - mature Quenya has the appendices to LotR suggests that it was emended carcanë, but these words, especially carcassë, may to YESE/YESET; we should therefore read *yessë for still be valid) essë. essacre ercassë ("k") "holly" (ERÉK) essednif findessë "a head of hair, a person's essadnah handassë "intelligence" (KHAN) hair as a whole" (PM:345) essaev vëassë "vigour" (WEG) esselem melessë, meles "love" (LT1:262; essaf fassë "tangled hair, shaggy lock" rather melmë in mature Quenya) (PHAS) esselima amilessë "mothername" (amil essal lassë "leaf", pl. lassi (Nam, RGEO:66, "mother" + essë "name"), name given to a child by its Letters:283, LAS1, LT1:254, VT39:9, Narqelion); mother, sometimes with prophetic implications gen. lassëo "of a leaf", gen. pl. lassion "of leaves" (amilessi tercenyë "mother-names of insight" (earlier lassio) (WJ:407); lasselanta "leaf-fall", used (MR:217) (as was quellë) for the latter part of autumn and the essemlic #cilmessë pl. cilmessi "selv- beginning of winter (Appendix D, Letters:428); hence names", literally names of personal choice (PM:339) Lasselanta alternative name of October (PM:135). (cilmë + essi, hence *"choice-names"). essala alassë "joy, merriment" (GALÁS) essemúlay yalúmessë "once upon a time" essalac calassë ("k") "clarity, brilliance" (YA) (GL:39) essen nessë "youth"; also nésë (NETH) essalaf falassë, also short falas (falass-), essena anessë "given (or added) name" "shore, beach" (LT1:253, LT2:339); falassë "shore, (encompassing both epessi and amilessi) (MR:217) line of surf" (SA:falas), "beach" (PHAL/PHÁLAS); essenatsE Estanessë "the firstborn", read Falassë Númëa "Western Surf" (LT1:253) *Yestanessë (*Yestanessi?), see essë # 2 - but in a essalav valassë "divinity" (or rather later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the *"valahood"; the word should probably not be used Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form is to with reference to the divinity of Eru). (BAL) be preferred. essaleuqinat taniquelassë name of tree essenav vanessë "beauty" (LT1:272) (UT:167), perhaps Tanique(til) + lassë "leaf" essenev venessë "virginity" (WEN/WENED) essaluaqiaL Laiqualassë ("q") "Legolas" essepe epessë "after-name", nickname, (Greanleaf) (LT1:267) mostly given as a title of admiration or honour essamiac caimassë ("k") "lying in bed (PM:339, UT:266) (noun), sickness" (KAY) esseráy yáressë "once upon a time" (YA) essan nassë "thorn, spike" (NAS) essere eressë "solitude" (ERE)

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esseríV Víressë fourth month of the year, essum mussë "soft" (VT:39:17), also used as "April" (Appendix D) a noun (perhaps primarily in the pl. form mussi) with esseró óressë "in morning" (MC:214), the same meaning as mussë tengwi, see below. evidently the locative of órë # 2. (VT39:17) essetóL Lótessë fifth month of the year, essur russë "corruscation, †sword-blade" "May" (RUS) esseuq quessë "feather", also name of estaf fatsë, fas "tassel" (GL:34) tengwa 4 (Appendix E, WJ:417, KWES) estan natsë "web, net" (NAT) essev vessë "wife" (BES) estayh hyatsë "cleft, gash" (SYAD) essi issë "knowledge, lore" (LT2:339; rather estil litsë "sand" (LIT) ista in mature Quenya) estolabma *ambalotsë "uprising-flower", essi -issë a feminine ending, as in Írissë referring to "the flower or floreate device used as a (PM:345) crest fixed to point of a tall [illegible word: ?archaic] essil lissë "sweet" (Nam, RGEO:66) helmet". Strangely, the word is asterisked as essil -lissë or -lissen ending for partitive pl. unattested (WJ:319) locative (Plotz); see -li estor rotsë "pipe" (LT2:347); pl. rotser (?) essilem melissë "lover" (f.) (MEL) in Narqelion? essiliv vilissë "spirit" (GL:23) esuan nausë (Þ) "imagination" (NOWO) essin nissë "woman"; see nís et te "them" (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in essirí Írissë fem. name (PM:345), evidently Letters:308) connected to írë "desire". etcen nectë "honey" (LT1:262; mature essiric cirissë ("k") "slash, gash" (KIRIS) Quenya has lis; otherwise, nectë would have had to essiuqnin ninquissë ("q") "whiteness" (NIK- become nehtë, but this word means "spearhead, gore, W) wedge, narrow promontory" in mature Quenya esso ossë "terror" (GOS/GOTH) [UT:282].) essO Ossë name of a Maia, adopted and etcol loctë ("k") "blossom (of flowers in adapted from Valarin (WJ:400), though connected bunches or clusters)" (LT1:258; would have to with the common noun ossë "terror" in Etym become *lohtë in mature Quenya) (GOS/GOTH) ethe ehtë "spear" (EK/EKTE) essoh hossë "army, band, troop" (LT2:340) ethen nehtë any formation or projection essol lossë (1) "blossom" ("usually, owing to tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow association with olosse snow, only used of white promontory (UT:282) blossom") (LOT(H) ) ethol *lohtë see loctë essol lossë (2) "snow" or adj. "snow-white" etiam maitë "handed" in Angamaitë, (SA:los, MC:213) hyarmaitë, morimaitë, Telemmaitë, q.v. Etym gives essolo †olossë "snow, fallen snow", also maitë pl. maisi "handy, skilled" (MA3) short olos. (GOLÓS, LOT[H]) etiamagnA Angamaitë "Iron-handed", masc. essoloI [Iolossë] "Everlasting Snow" = name (Letters:347) Taniquetil (GEY, EY; changed to Oiolossë) etiamirom morimaitë "black-handed" essoloiO norO Oron Oiolossë "Mount (LotR3:VI ch. 6) Everwhite" (WJ:403) etiammeleT Telemmaitë masc. name, essolos solossë "surf, surge" (LT1:266); also *"Silver-handed" (Appendix A) solor etiamrayh hyarmaitë "lefthanded" esson nossë "clan, family, 'house' " (NÔ), (KHYAR) "kindred, family" (PM:320), "kin, people" (LT1:250, etiamrof formaitë "righthanded, dexterous" LT1:272, LT2:338) (PHOR) essor rossë "fine rain, dew" (ROS1, PM:371) etianein nienaitë "bleared" (MC:214), essorelE Elerossë masc. name, "star foam", *"tearfully"??? (see cildë) (MC:221; this is "Qenya") starlit foam, Sindarin Elros (PM:348) etiavenrac carnevaitë ("k") "red sky" essoremliS Silmerossë a name of Silpion (MC:221; this is "Qenya") (Telperion) (ROS1, SIL) etiemini inimeitë ?"female" (INI) essul lussë "a whispering sound" etien neitë "wax" (GL:60; rather líco in (SLUS/SRUS) mature Quenya. The status of the diphthong ei is essulec celussë ("k") "freshlet, water falling uncertain.) out swiftly from a rocky spring" (UT:426) etín nítë "moist, dewy" (NEI) essuluyt tyulussë "poplar-tree" (TYUL)

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etínolh #hlonítë "phonetic", only attested in etnayrA Aryantë "Daybringer" (AR1, the pl. in the phrase hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs" ANA1) (sg. #hlonítë tengwë) (WJ:395). The form #hlonítë etnem mentë "point, end" (MET) was changed by Tolkien from hlonaitë, as in hlonaitë etnevalaC Calaventë ("k") "Sun" (LT1:254) tengwesta "a tengwesta (q.v.) employing phonetic etnew wentë "brook" (GL:46) signs" (VT39:4), hlonaiti tengwi "phonetic signs" etnis sintë pa.t. of ista-, q.v. (IS) (VT39:4) etnoro orontë, oronto "Sunrise" (LT1:264) etioc coitë ("k") "living being" (LT1:257) etnul luntë "boat" (LUT, MC:216), "ship" etiolah haloitë "leaping" (LT1:254) (LT1:249, LT1:255) etiovam mavoitë "having hands" (LT2:339) etnuma amuntë "sunrise" (LT2:335; mature etiovamár rámavoitë "having wings" Quenya has anarórë) (LT2:335, Narqelion) etól lótë "(large single) flower" (LOT(H), etiovawnaw wanwavoitë "windy" LT1:259). (The shorter form -lot occurs in (LT1:266) compounds, e.g. fúmellot, q.v.) In the names etiovunah hanuvoitë ?"male" (prob. adj.) Ninquelóte *"White-flower" (= Nimloth), Vingilótë (INI) "Foam-flower", the name of Eärendil's ship (SA:loth), etiovuru uruvoitë "fiery" (LT1:271) also in Lótessë fifth month of the year, "May" etiuru uruitë "fiery" (UR; this stem was (Appendix D) struck out in Etym, but several words that must be etólegniW Wingelótë, Wingelot "foam- derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that flower", name of Earendel's [sic] boat (WIG, LOT(H) Tolkien restored it.) ) etlay yaltë "bridge" (GL:37) (The etóligniV Vingilóte, Vingelot, Vingilot Etymologies gives yanta.) "Foam-flower", name of Eärendil's ship (SA:wing, etliv -viltë "-less", also -valta (evidently Silm) endings used to derive adjectives like "lifeless") etón nótë "number" (NOT) (GL:23) etónava avanótë "without number, etn -ntë pronomimal ending, inflexion of 3 numberless" (AWA, AR2) plural ("they") when no subject is previously etonu unotë, also unotëa (read *únotë, mentioned (CO) *únotëa?) "not counted, uncounted" (VT39:14) etna antë "giver" (f.) (ANA1) etpil liptë- "to drip" (LT1:258) etnaccas saccantë ("k") "rent" (past tense of etren nertë "nine" (NÉTER) an otherwise unattested verb #saccat- "rend"?) etric *cirtë see certa (SD:246) etse Estë "Repose, Rest" (WJ:403, EZDÊ, etnah hantë pa.t. of hat- "break asunder" SED), only used as name of a Valië (WJ:404) (SKAT) etsih histë "dusk" (LT1:255) etnail liantë (1) "spider" (SLIG) etsim mistë "fine rain" (MIZD) etnail liantë (2) "tendril" (LT1:271; this etsiw wistë "weft" (LT1:254) "Qenya" word is perhaps obsoleted by # 1 above) etsur ruste "crumbling" (MC:214; this is etnailewgnU Ungweliantë the Spider, ally of "Qenya") (UÑG) ettame'v v'emattë ??? May be the etnailognU Ungoliantë "Ungoliant" (the prepostition ve + an otherwise unknown word Spider, ally of Morgoth); also Ungweliantë (UÑG, emattë. (Narqelion) DYEL, SLIG) ettapal lapattë "hare" (GL:52) etnal lantë (1) noun "fall" in Noldolantë, ette ettë "outside" (ET) q.v. Also lanta. etua autë "prosperity, wealth", also adj. etnal lantë (2) "falling" (MC:214; this is "rich" (LT2:336) "Qenya" - mature Quenya lantala) etúl lútë "sail" (MC:213; this is "Qenya") etnalata atalantë "collapse, downfall" etún nútë "bond, knot" (NUT) etnalatA Atalantë "the Fallen" (name), eu uë "fleece" (LT1:249) "downfall, overthrow, especially as name of the land euqata ataquë ("q") "construction, building" of Númenor" (DAT/DANT, TALÁT, Akallabêth, (TAK) SD:247, 310; also LR:47). euqe equë "say/says" or "said" (a tenseless etnalodloN Noldolantë "the Fall of the pseudo-verb used to introduce quotations or a "that"- Noldor" (name of a song) (Silm) construction); with affixes equen "said I", eques etnao oantë "went away (to another place)"; "said he/she" (WJ:392, 415) past tense of auta-. Also perfect oantië. (WJ:365)

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euqin niquë "it is cold, it freezes" (WJ:417), evírreteM Meterrívë alternative name of also noun niquë ("q") "snow" (NIK-W) January (PM:135) euqlas salquë ("q") "grass" (SALÁK-(WÊ) ) evírroN Norrívë alternative name of euqne enquë ("q") "six" (ÉNEK) December (PM:135) euqnil linquë ("q") "wet" (LINKWI). In eviuc cuivë ("k") "awakening" (noun) early "Qenya", this word was glossed "water" (KUY) (LT1:262), and "wet" was linqui or liquin, q.v. evú úvë "abundance, great quantity" (UB) euqnilenúl lúnelinquë ("q") "blue-wet" (?), evúli ilúvë "allness, the all". In Ilúvatar translated "surging" (MC:213, 220; this is "Qenya") "All-father". (SA; WJ:402, MR:471, IL) In MR:355, euqnim minquë ("q") "eleven" (MINIK-W, ilúvë seems to be equated with Heaven. LT1:260) ew -wë a suffix occurring in many personal euqnin ninquë "white, chill, palid" (WJ:417, names, generally but not exclusively masculine; SA:nim, NIK-W - spelt "ninqe" in Etym and in derived from a stem simply meaning "person" LT1:266, MC:213, MC:220), pl. ninqui in Markirya. (PM:340, WJ:399). In Etym, -wë is simply defined as Ninquelótë *"White-Flower" (SA:nim), = Sindarin an element that is frequent in masculine names, and it Nimloth, the White Tree of Númenor; ninqueruvissë is there derived from a stem (WEG) having to do with ("q") "white-horse-on" (MC:216; this is "Qenya", "(manly) vigour". read *ninqueroccossë in mature Quenya) ewáf fáwë "snow" (GL:35) euqninein nieninquë ("q") "snowdrop", ewáy yáwë "ravine, cleft, gulf" (YAG) etymologically "white tear" (NIK-W, LT1:262, 266) ewgnar rangwë "fathom" (RAK) euqnip pinquë ("q") ??? (Narqelion) ewgne engwë "thing" (VT39:7) euqnirual laurinquë name of a tree, possibly ewgnen nengwë "nose", pl. nengwi given "Gold-full one" (UT:168). (NEÑ-WI) euqnu unquë "hollow" (noun) (UNUK), also ewgnet tengwë (pl. tengwi attested) name of tengwa 16 (Appendix E; there spelt unque, "indication, sign, token", apparently often used = while the Etymologies has unqe) phoneme in a language (WJ:394). In the Etymologies, euqsu usquë ("q") "reek" (USUK) tengwë is glossed "writing" (TEK), but a later source ev ve "as, like" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya, provides the word sarmë for this meaning. hloníti MC:213, 214); in Narqelion ve may mean either "in" tengwi "phonetic signs" (WJ:395); #mussë tengwë or "as" phrase only attested in the pl.: mussë tengwi ("ñ") evadna andavë "long", as adverb. (LotR3:VI "soft elements", a term for vowels, semi-vowels (y, ch. 4, translated in Letters:308) w) and continuants (l, r, m, n). (In the pl. we would evár rávë "roaring noise" (Markirya) rather expect *mussi tengwi with the pl. form of the evárh hrávë "flesh" (MR:349) adjective.) (VT39:17) #sarda tengwë "hard sound", a eváy yávë "fruit" (YAB), cf. Yavanna. term for "consonant", but not used of semi-vowels (y, Early "Qenya" has yáva, LT1:273. w) and continuants (l, r, m, n). (Only pl. sarda eváyt tyávë pl. #tyáver "taste", noun (pl. tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather expect #sardë attested only in the compound lámatyáver, see tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective.) Sarda lámatyávë.) (MR:215, 216) tengwi are also simply called sardë "hards", see eváytamál lámatyávë (pl. lámatyáver sarda. (VT39:17). #óma-tengwë "vowel" (only pl. attested) "sound-taste" (láma + tyávë), individual óma-tengwi attested); this refers to vowels pleasure in the sounds and forms of words (MR:215, considered as independent phonemes, according to 471) Fëanor's new insights on phonemics. Also #ómëa. evegninilip piliningevë ??? (Narqelion) (VT39:8; ómatengwi ["ñ"] with no hyphen in evet tevë- "to hate" (LT1:268; in mature VT39:16). náva-tengwë *"mouth-sign" = Quenya, tevë may be understood as the 3. person "consonant" considered as a phoneme (only pl. náva- aorist) tengwi ["ñáva-"] is attested). Also #návëa. Fëanor evial laivë "ointment" (LIB2) later substituted the term #pataca (VT39:8) evíl lívë "sickness" (SLIW) ewgnI Ingwë masc. name, "chief". (PM:340, evín nívë "pale" (MC:213; this is "Qenya" - ING, WEG). Pl. Ingwer "Chieftains", what the mature Quenya has néca) Vanyar called themselves. Ingwë Ingweron "chief of evírh hrívë "winter", in the calendar of the chieftains", proper title of Ingwë as high king Imladris a precisely defined period of 72 days, but (PM:340) also used without any exact definition (Appendix D) ewgnil lingwë "fish" (LIW) evírrE Errívë alternative name of November ewgnilamó ómalingwe ?"voice-???" (PM:135) (Narqelion; in mature Quenya, óma means "voice" or

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"vowel" and lingwë means "fish", but at least the ewniF Finwë masc. name, apparently latter gloss can hardly be relevant here) displaying the frequent ending -wë suffixed to a stem ewgnir ringwë "rime, frost" (LT1:265) normally having to do with hair, but the name is ewgnu ungwë "spider's web", also name of obscure (see Tolkien's discussion in PM:340-341). tengwa 8 (Appendix E). However, this word was Also in Etym (PHIN, WEG) defined as "gloom" in the Etymologies (UÑG), while ewnifacruT Turcafinwë "strong, powerful in early "Qenya" it meant "spider" ("especially (in body) Finwë", masc. name; he was called Ungwë the Gloomweaver", = Ungoliant) (LT1:271) Celegorm in Sindarin. Short Quenya name Turco. ewia aiwë "(small) bird" (AIWÊ, SA:lin #1); (PM:352) Aiwendil "Lover of Birds" (UT:401) ewnifanaC Canafinwë "strong-voiced or ewiam maiwë "gull" (MIW), pl. maiwi in ?commanding Finwë", masc. name; his Sindarin Markirya. Cf. also the "Qenya" pl. maiwin "gulls" name was Maglor (see Macalaurë). Short Quenya (MC:213) name Cáno. (PM:352). ewiay yaiwë "mocking, scorn" (YAY) ewnifayleN Nelyafinwë "Finwë third" (after ewlE Elwë masc. name, *"Star-person" the original Finwë and Curufinwë = Fëanor), masc. (PM:340, WJ:369, WEG) name; he was called in Sindarin. Short ewli ilwë "sky, heavens" (LT1:255), "the Quenya name Nelyo. (PM:352) middle air among the stars" (LT1:273) ewnifaytiP Pityafinwë "Little Finwë", masc. ewlO Olwë masc. name (PM:340), difficult name; he was called Amrod in Sindarin. Short to interpret (PM:341) Quenya name Pityo (PM:353) ewlon nolwë ("ñ") "wisdom, secret lore" ewnifiroM Morifinwë "dark Finwë", masc. (ÑGOL) name; he was called Caranthir in Sindarin. Short ewlut tulwë "pillar, standard, pole" Quenya name Moryo. (PM:353) (LT1:270) ewnifoloN Nolofinwë ("ñ") "Fingolfin" ewna anwë archaic past tense of auta-, q.v. (PM:344) (WJ:365) ewnifuleT Telufinwë "Last Finwë", masc. ewnaM Manwë "Blessed Being" name; he was called Amras in Sindarin. Short Quenya (Letters:283), adopted from Valarin Mânawenûz; name Telvo. (PM:353) names ending in -wë were already frequent in Quenya ewnifuruC Curufinwë (so spelt in Silm; (WJ:399). In the Etymologies derived from MAN, "Kurufinwë" in PM) *"Skillful Finwë", a name of WEG. Cf. Mánwen, Mánwë the oldest Quenya forms Fëanor (PM:343); also the origin of the Sindarin of Manwë, closer to the Valarin form (WJ:399). name Curufin; Fëanor named his favourite son after Lower-case manwë in LR:56. himself. Short Quenya name Curvo. (PM:352) ewnaorrim #mirroanwë pl. mirroanwi ewnit tinwë "sparkle", also "star"; pl. tinwi "incarnates, those (spirits) 'put into flesh' " (MR:350) "sparks", properly used of the star-imagines on Nur- ewnarA Aranwë *"Kingly Person", masc. menel (q.v.). Cf. nillë. (TIN, MR:388) In early name (Silm) "Qenya", tinwë was simply glossed "star" (LT1:269, ewnaram maranwë "destiny" (MBARAT) cf. MC:214) ewnas sanwë "thought" (VT39:23, 30) ewnititnil lintitinwë "having many stars" ewnasó ósanwë ósanwë "interchange of (LT1:269) thought", "communication of thought", telepathy ewnoE Eönwë name of a Maia, evidently (VT39:23, cf. MR:415); Ósanwë-centa ("k") adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:417) "Enquiry into the Communication of Thought" ewnoiF Fionwë (name of a Maia; also called (VT39:23 cf. MR:415) Eönwë) (PHI, (WEG) ) ewnat tanwë "craft, thing made, decive, ewnorov voronwë "steadfastness, loyalty, construction" (TAN) faithfulness" (CO), also masc. name Voronwë "the ewnay yanwë "bridge, joining, isthmus" Faithful" (PM:340, BORÓN, LT1:250) (YAT) ewrah harwë (1) "wound" (SKAR), (2) ewnayleh helyanwë "rainbow", lit. "sky- "treasure, treasury" (3AR) (Use rather harma for bridge" (3EL) "treasure".) ewneL Lenwë the leader of the Nandor ewruc curwë ("k") "craft" (KUR); Curwë (Nandorin Denweg, primitive *Denwego) (WJ:412) ("K") "technical skill and invention" (PM:360 cf. 344) ewnelE Elenwë *"Star-person", fem. name ewsih hiswë "fog" (KHIS/KHITH) (Silm) ewsu uswë "issue, escape" (noun) (LT1:251) ewnev venwë "shape, cut" (prob. noun) exam maxë ("ks") "dough" (MASAG) (LT1:254)

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exarac caraxë ("k, ks") "jagged hedge of MC:215, 216, 221; directly prefixed i- in i-mar [FS], spikes" (KARAK) i-Ciryamo [UT:8] and i-aldar *"the trees" exaracleH Helcaraxë, the Grinding Ice [Narqelion]; with no hyphen in icilyanna = i between Araman and Middle-earth (SA; spelt cilyanna in SD:247). Also relative pronoun: i "the "Helkarakse" in the Etymologies, stem KARAK). Cf. one/they who" (both article and relative pronoun in helca "icy, icecold". CO: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa: the One who is exat taxë ("ks") "nail" (TAK) above all thrones", i hárar "they who are sitting"). exay yaxë "milch cow", also yaxi "cow" (in Note that before a verb, i means "the one who", or, in mature Quenya, the latter looks like a plural) (GL:36) the case of a plural verb, "those who"; cf. also i carir exin nixë "frost" (WJ:417) quettar ómainen "those who form words with exit tixë ("ks") "dot, tiny mark, point" (TIK) voices" (WJ:391). exitama amatixë ("ks") (dot or point placed i -i nominative plural ending regularly used above the line of writing) (TIK) on nouns ending in a consonant and in -ë (except as a exitnun nuntixë ("ks") dot or point placed part of -ië); in the latter case, -ë is displaced (Quendë below the line of writing (TIK) pl. Quendi). exol loxë ("ks") "hair" (LOK) ia ai! interjection "Ah!", "Alas!" (Nam, ey ye "is" (FS); apparently replaced by ná in RGEO:66; also twice in Narqelion, untranslated.) mature Quenya. Future tense yéva, q.v. iadlis sildai ??? (Narqelion) éy yé untranslated interjection in Aragorn's ian nai (1) "be it that", used with a future exclamation when he found the sapling of the White tense-verb to express a wish. The translation "maybe" Tree: *"yeah!" in Tolkien's rendering of Namárië is somewhat eyl -lyë 2. person sg. ending: "thou", misleading; he used "be it that" in the interlinear hiruvalyë "thou shalt find" (Nam, RGEO:67) translation in RGEO:67. Nai hiruvalyë Valimar! Nai eyle elyë "even thou", emphatic 2. person sg. elyë hiruva! *"May thou find Valimar. May even pronoun (Nam, RGEO:67) thou find it!" (Nam). Nai tiruvantes "be it that they eyn -nyë pronominal suffix "I"; also short will guard it" > "may they guard it" (CO) form -n. In utúvienyes (see tuv-) ian nai (2) "alas" (NAY; may be obsoleted eynarah haranyë last year of a century in the by # 1 above - in mature Quenya, ai is to be Númenórean calendar (Appendix D) preferred) eynas sanyë (Þ) "rule, law" (STAN) ianilam malinai ??? (Narqelion) eynecapa apacenyë is translated "foresight" iarabmaenrac carneambarai ("k") "red-???" in MR:216; yet the context and the form of the word (Narqelion; very early "Qenya") itself clearly indicates that it is actually the pl. form of iavuluc culuvai ("k") ??? (Narqelion) an adjective *apacenya "of foresight". The noun iaw wai (what the primitive element wei "foresight" is almost certainly *apacen; cf. tercen "wind, weave" became in Quenya; therefore confused "insight". (MR:216) The literal meaning of *apacen with the stem WAY "enfold") (WEY) is *"aftersight", sc. knowledge of that which comes iclen nelci ("k") pl. of nelet (NÉL-EK) after. [Essi] apacenyë "[names] of foresight", icran narci- ("k") "to rend" (NÁRAK) prophetic names given to a child by its mother idle eldi "stars", a pl. of elen (q.v.) (MR:216) occasionally found in verse eyneyn nyenyë "weeping" (LT1:262) idlenamaÚ Úmaneldi *"Non-Aman Elves", eynis sinyë (Þ) "evening" (THIN) Elves who never dwelt in Aman (= Úmanyar) eynivraN Narvinyë first month of the year, (WJ:373). Sg. #Úmanel, #Úmaneld-. "January". The word seems to mean "New Fire/Sun". idlezaO Oazeldi Vanyarin (and original) (Appendix D) form of Oareldi; see Oarel (WJ:374) eyt tye "you, thee" as object (LR:70, Arct) idlinnavaY Yavannildi "Followers of eyú úyë a verb occurring in Fíriel's Song, Yavanna" (sg. *Yavannildë), Elvish women who apparently ye "is" with the negative prefix ú-, hence knew and kept the secret of the making of coimas "is not" (úyë sérë indo-ninya símen, translated "my (lembas) (PM:404) hearth resteth not here", literally evidently *"[there] is idnama amandi pl. of óman, q.v. (amandi is not rest [for] my heart here") evidently a misreading for *omandi) (OM) ezá ázë see árë idnamagnA Angamandi see Angamando gnef feng- "reed" (GL:34). Some final vowel (LT1:249) would obviously be required. Use rather liscë. idneuQ Quendi "Elves" as a race (analogical i i "the", indeclinable definite article (I, sg. quendë, not much used) (WJ:361; SA:quen-/quet- Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398,

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, WJ:372, KWEN(ED), spelt "qende, Qendi" in io oi "ever" (OY) Etym). Gen. pl. Quendion (PM:395) ioem mëoi "cat", a somewhat strange word idneuq quendi "Elvish woman", pl. quendir by mature Quenya standards (no other cases of final - given (MR:229; changed from quendë pl. quender); oi in the singular). Vardo Meoita "Prince of Cats"; the sg. quendi must not be confused with the pl. meiota seems to be a kind of adjective rather than a Quendi, see above. genitive (LT2:348). idni indi - apparently a name of Men, hardly ion noi "lament" (NAY) valid in mature Quenya (LT2:343) iot toi "they" (FS; replaced by te in mature idniL Lindi What the Green-elves Quenya?) (Laiquendi, Nandor) called themselves; also used in iramíuq químari ("q") "phantoms" Exilic Quenya (WJ:385) (MC:213; in mature Quenya fairi, sg. fairë) idnis sindi "river" (LT1:265; rather sírë in irassa assari "bones" (?) (MC:214; this is mature Quenya) "Qenya") idnisulec celusindi ("k") "a river" (LT1:257; irát tári "queen", used especially of Varda hardly a valid word in mature Quenya - use sírë) (TÂ/TA3, LT1:264), etymologically "she that is high" idniuqraS Sarquindi ("q") "Cannibal-ogres" (SA:tar). Genitive tário. Elentári "Starqueen", a title (LT2:347) of Varda. (Nam, RGEO:67). Tarinya "my queen" igniuq quingi ("q") "twang, of strings, harp" (UT:179; sic, not *tárinya) (LT1:256; rather tingë, tango in mature Quenya) irátalaV Valatári "Vala-queen" (BAL; it is il -li partitive pl. ending (simply called a there said that Vala has no feminine form except this plural suffix in the Etymologies, stem LI); genitive - compound, but Silm gives Valië) lion in vanimálion, allative -linna and -linnar in irátnelE Elentári "Star-queen", title of falmalinnar, q.v. The other cases are only known Varda (EL, SA:tar) from the Plotz letter: possessive -líva, dative -lin, irátnemeK Kementári "Earth-queen", title locative -lissë or -lissen, ablative -lillo or -lillon, of Yavanna. (SA:tar) instrumental -línen, "respective" -lis. ireh heri "lady" (KHER, LT1:272) illes selli (Þ) pl. of seler (THEL/THELES) irialÚ Úlairi "Nazgûl" (sg. *Úlairë? im mi "in, within" (MI); mí "in the" (Nam, *Úlair?) Etymology obscure. RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should iricóh hóciri- "cut off" (cut of a required evidenly be mi = "in" and mí = mi i "in the"). portion, so as to have it or use it) (WJ:365, 368) Allative minna "to the inside, into" (MI). (Normal aorist probably *hócirë, present/continuative imec cemi "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k") tense *hócíra, past tense hócirnë) "Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi iróleP Pelóri "Fencing Heights", the surely corresponds to cemen in mature Quenya) mountains raised by the Valar to protect Aman imól lómi "clouds" (MC:214; this is (SA:pel, WJ:403) "Qenya") iróm móri "dark" (MC:221; this is "Qenya"; imóludnam mandulómi "hell-shadows" in mature Quenya mórë, morë) (MC:221; this is "Qenya") irom mori "night" (LT1:261, in mature imreN Nermi "a field-spirit" (LT1:262) Quenya mórë, morë) imúcaiO Oiacúmi ("k") = Avacúma ("k"), irú úri "sun" (MC:214, 221; this is the Exterior Void beyond the World (OY, cf. AWA) "Qenya"); genitive úrio "sun's" (MC:216) ín †ní "woman, female" (NI1, INI (NÊR ) ) irúmulU Ulumúri The great horns of Ulmo; in ni "I", dative nin "for me" (Arct, Nam, etymology obscure (Silm) RGEO:67) ís sí "now" (Nam, RGEO:67, LR:47, 310), inatno ontani (misreading for ontari, sin (SI, LR:47) or sín (SD:247, 310) before vowels. SD:73), pl. of ontaro, ontarë (ONO) Compare the distribution of a/an in English. In Fíriel's inéyn nyéni "she-goat" (LT1:262) Song, sí is translated "here". iniA Aini feminine form of Ainu (AYAN, isial laisi, also laito, "youth, vigour, new LT1:248); see Ainu. life" (LT1:267) inracorO Orocarni "the Red Mountains", isiolah haloisi "the sea (in storm)" place-name: lit. *"Mountain-Reds" (Silm) (LT1:254) inrav varni "queen" (LT1:273; rather tári in islaV Valsi = Valis? (LT1:272) mature Quenya) issocnas Sancossi ("k") "the Goblins" inrot torni pl. of toron (TOR) (LT2:341) inuruc curuni ("k") "witch" (of the good itnoronúL Lúnoronti "Blue Mountains" magic) (LT1:269) (LUG2)

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itsiwni inwisti "mind-mood" (changed by Elves", the name used by the loremasters of Aman for Tolkien from inwaldi) (MR:216, 471) Beleriand. (WJ:365) iuF Fui "Night" (PHUY) ledniS Sindel (Þ) (Sindeld-, as in pl. iuH Hui "Night" (PHUY), in earlier "Qenya" Sindeldi) "Grey-elf" = Sinda pl. Sindar, but less defined as "evening" (MC:214) or "fog, dark, murk, common (WJ:384) night" (LT1:253). lei -iel patronymic (or matronymic) ending - iuqlet telqui ("q") (analogical) pl. of telco "daughter" (YEL) (In the Etymologies, Tolkien struck (TÉLEK) out this ending and the corresponding independent iuqnar ranqui ("q") pl. of ranco (RAK) word yeldë "daughter", changing them to -ien, yendë. iuqnil linqui ("q") "wet" (MC:216; mature However, the ending -iel later turns up in the name Quenya has linquë.) Uinéniel "Daughter of Uinen" in UT:182, so it would iuqnirut turinqui ("q") "queen" (LT1:260; seem that Tolkien changed his mind again and apparently the fem. of tur. In mature Quenya, restored this ending, and perhaps the noun yeldë "queen" is tári.) along with it.) iuqnis sinqui ("q") ??? (Narqelion) leir riel (*riell-) "garlanded maiden" iuqro orqui ("q") pl. of orco ("k") (ÓROK, (SA:kal-), full form riellë "a maiden crowned with a LT2:336) festival garland" (PM:347). In Altariel, Altariellë. ivurehemún númeheruvi "Lords-of-West" leirámlA Almáriel (fem. name) (GALA) (*"West-lords") in SD:246 leirátlA Altáriel "Galadriel", "maiden iwgnal *langwi - see lango crowned with a radiant garland" (SA:kal; Alatáriel is ixay yaxi "cow" (in mature Quenya, this Telerin) looks rather like a plural); cf. yaxë "milch cow" leiratlaÑ Ñaltariel true Quenya form of (GL:36) Galadriel; the form actually used was Altariel, l -l reduced pronominal affix of the 2. Quenyarized from Telerin Alatáriel(lë). (PM:347) person, "you" (pl.). See heca! (WJ:364) leiríF Fíriel "She that sighed" or "She that la 'al- "thrive" (GALA; the ' simply indicates died", later name of Míriel (MR:250) that the original initial G has disappeared and need leiríM Míriel *"Jewel-woman" (Silm), not normally be included.) genitive Míriello (see namna) labma ambal "shaped stone, flag" (MBAL) lem mel- "love (as friend)" (MEL); melánë lac cal- "shine", future tense caluva ("k") "I love", a doubtful word in mature Quenya; read "shall shine" (UT:22 cf. 51). Compare also early perhaps *mélanyë or *melanyë (LR:70) "Qenya" cala- ("k") "shine" (LT1:254) len nel- (prefix) "tri-" (NEL) lamrO Ormal One of the Lamps of the lenamA #Amanel pl. Amaneldi *"Aman- Valar: *"High-Gold"??? (Silm) elves", Elves living in Aman (WJ:373). lan nal, nallë "dale, dell" (LT1:261) leneM Menel "heavens" (Markirya, SA), lanemia aimenal, aimenel - see lirulin "the apparent dome in the sky" (MR:387). lát tál (tal-, as in "g.sg. talen", in mature lenemia aimenel, aimenal - see lirulin Quenya dat.sg.) "foot" (TAL). Early "Qenya" forms: lenemraT Tarmenel "High Heaven" tala "foot" (LT2:347) and dual talwi "the feet" (LotR1:II ch. 1), Tar-menel "the true firmament", as (LT2:347); tálin "feet" (MC:216); instrumental opposed to Nur-menel (q.v.) (MR:388) talainen, talalínen "with wings, on wings" (wings lenem-ruN Nur-menel the lesser firmament, here meaning sails) (MC:213, 216, 220; this is a great dome covering Valinor, made by Varda and "Qenya") full of star-imagines (see tinwë, nillë). It was a lay yal- "summon". In enyalië "to recall" simulacrum of Tar-menel, the true firmament (Notes on CO, UT:317) (MR:388) layt tyal- "play" (1. pers. aorist tyalin "I lenoloS Solonel a name of the Teleri (here in play") (TYAL) the sg, pl. Solonyeldi) (PHAL/PHÁLAS, NYEL, ldnif findl "lock of hair, tress" (but findil SOL) elsewhere - in mature Quenya, no word can end in - lep pel- "go round, revolve, return" (PEL) dl). (LT2:341) lerao Oarel ("Oärel") "Elf who departed lé †él "star", pl. éli given (WJ:362, EL) from Beleriand to Aman" (while the Sindar stayed leceH Hecel ("k") (Heceld-, e.g. pl. Heceldi, there). Stem Oareld-, as in pl. Oareldi (WJ:363, WJ:371) = hecil, q.v., but reformed to match Oarel, 374). Older form Oazeldi. especially applied to the Eldar left in Beleriand. leremódnit tindómerel (also capitalized Helcelmar and Heceldamar *"Land of Forsaken Tindómerel) "daughter of twilight", a kenning

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(poetic name) of the nightingale; = Sindarin Tinúviel. (SA:(n)dil); this ending is "describing the attitude of (TIN, SEL-D, SA:tin) one to a person, thing, course or occupation to which leruA Aurel (Aureld-, e.g. pl. Aureldi) = one is devoted for its own sake" (Letters:386) Oarel, q.v. "Elf who departed from Beleriand to lidn -ndil, -dil = Old English "-wine", sc. "- Aman" (while the Sindar stayed there) (WJ:363). friend" in names, e.g. Elendil, Eärendil (NIL/NDIL) Earlier Auzel pl. Auzeldi. lidnadlE Eldandil (pl. Eldandili in WJ:412) let tel "roof" (LT1:268) "Elf-friend" (by the Edain confused with Elendil, letse estel "trust, hope" (WJ:318, MR:320) properly "Star-friend") (WJ:410) leuq #quel- "to fail", only attested in the lidnalaV Valandil masc. name, "God-friend, future tense (queluva in FS) *Vala-friend" (Appendix A, translated in LR:60) leynalaF Falanyel (Falanyeld-, as in pl. lidnamA Amandil *"Aman-friend" Falanyeldi) (in the pl.) a name of the Teleri (Appendix A, SA:mân) (PHAL/PHÁLAS) lidnara arandil "king's friend, royalist" leyt tyel- "end, cease" (KYEL) (Letters:386) leyt tyel (probably tyeld-, cf. long form lidnav *vandil < vandl "staff" (LT1:264) tyeldë) "end" (noun) (FS, KYEL) (No word can end in -dl in mature Quenya; the word leze ezel, ezella "green" (in Vanyarin may be adapted as *vandil. Compare findl, findil.) Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. lidnayriC Ciryandil *"Ship-friend" (WJ:399) (Appendix A) lezuA Auzel pl. Auzeldi Vanyarin form (and lidnedneuQ Quendendil (also contracted original form) of Aureldi (WJ:374); see Aurel Quendil; pl. Quendili in WJ:410) "Elf-friend" li il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA) (WJ:410) licadnemrayH Hyarmendacil masc.name, lidnelE Elendil masc. name "Star-friend", "South-victor" (Appendix A) "Lover or student of stars", applied to those devoted licadrabmU Umbardacil "Umbar-victor" to astronomical lore. However, when the Edain used (Appendix A); the place-name Umbar is not Quenya this name they intended it to mean "Elf-friend", and has no connection with umbar "fate". confusing elen "star" and elda "elf" (WJ:410). (This licam macil ("k") "sword" (MAK, LT1:259) idea that the name was misapplied seems to be late; licamlaC Calmacil masc. name, *"Light- Tolken earlier interpreted the name as an ancient sword" or possibly (if haplology of *Calmamacil) compound Eled + ndil; see Letters:386. See also *"Lamp-sword" (Appendix A). Cf. cálë, cala, calma, NIL/NDIL in the Etymologies, where Elendil is macil. equated with "Ælfwine", Elf-friend). Allative licamleneM Menelmacil *"Heaven-sword", Elendilenna "to Elendil" (PM:401); Elendil Orion (WJ:411) Vorondo genitive of Elendil Voronda "Elendil the licammilaC Calimmacil masc. name, Steadfast" (CO) Pl. Elendili the Númenórean Elf- *"Bright Sword" (for *Calimamacil?) (Appendix A) friends (Silm) licamraN Narmacil masc. name, *"Flame- lidneN #Nendil pl. Nendili "Water-lovers", sword" (Appendix A) the most frequently used "title" or secondary name of licamroM Mormacil ("k") "Black-sword" the Lindar (Teleri) (WJ:411) (name of Túrin, Sindarin Mormegil) (MAK) lidni indil "lily", or other large single flower. liceh hecil ("k") (masc. hecilo, fem. hecilë) Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399) "one lost or forsaken by friends, waif, outcast, lidnif findil "lock of hair, tress" (see findl) outlaw" (WJ:365) lidnoiriS Siriondil masc .name, *"Sirion- licet tecil ("k") "pen" (TEK, PM:318) friend" (Appendix A) licis sicil ("k") "dagger, knife" (SIK) lidnoroV Vorondil masc. name, *"Faithful licnat tancil ("k") "pin, brooch" (TAK) friend" (Appendix A) licruT Turcil (= Tarcil?) "Númenórean" lidnurU Urundil masc. name, "copper- (TUR), stem turcild- as in pl. turcildi (LR:47, 56; lover" (PM:365) SD:246). lidraM Mardil masc. name, "(one) devoted lid -dil, -ndil = Old English "-wine", sc. "- to the house", sc. of the kings (Appendix A; friend" in names, e.g. Elendil, Eärendil (NIL/NDIL) interpreted in Letters:386) lidleneM Meneldil *"Heaven-friend" = lidranA Anardil masc. name, *"Sun-friend", astronomer (Appendix A; Letters:386) (Appendix A). lidn -ndil (also -dil) ending in many names, lidraniM Minardil masc.name *"minar[?]- like Amandil, Eärendil; it implies devotion or friend". Perhaps minar is to be understood as a disinterested love and may be translated "friend" variant of minas (s being voiced to z by contact with

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the voiced plosive that follows, and then regularly niqe-til) ("g.sg." Taniquetilden, in mature Q dat.sg.) becoming r); if so, the name means *"Tower-friend" "High White Horn" (NIK-W, TIL, TA/TA3, OY) (Appendix A) litlen neltil (neltild-, as in pl. neltildi) ligniR Ringil name of one of the great "triangle" (TIL, NEL) Lamps (pillared on ice), apparently contains ringë litniw wintil "a glint" (LT1:261) (RINGI) litueq quetil ("q") "tongue, language" ligniw wingil (wingild-, as in pl. Wingildi) (KWET) "nymph" (WIG, LT1:273); "Qenya" pl. wingildin liv [vil-] "to fly" (The forms given are the 1. "foam-fays, foam-maidens" (MC:216) pers. aorist vilin "I fly" and the pa.t. villë. Changed to lima amil "mother" (AM1) wilin, pa.t. presumably *wille.) (WIL) limam mamil "mother" (UT:191) liw wil- "fly" (1. pers. aorist wilin "I fly"; limúR Rúmil masc. name, genitive Rúmilo changed from vilin pa.t. villë; new past tense (WJ:398) presumably *willë) (WIL). The early "Qenya" lexicon lin -nil = Old English "-wine", sc. "-friend" has wili- "sail, float, fly" (LT1:273) as an element in names (NIL/NDIL). Variant of -ndil. locnaT Tancol ("Tankol") "Signifer", "the In Eärnil, contraction of Earendil. significant star" = Venus (MR:385) linrac Carnil ("k") name of a star (or planet), lodnassuR Russandol "Copper-top", a identified as Mars (MR:435) nickname (epessë) of Maitimo/Nelyafinwë (= linraE Eärnil masc. name, contraction of Maedhros) (PM:354) Eärendil (Appendix A) lognaytE #Etyangol (*Etyangold-), pl. lipil lipil "little glass" (LT1:258) Etyangoldi ("Etyañgoldi") "Exiled Noldor" liramliS Silmaril (Silmarill-, as in pl. (WJ:374). Sg. probably *Etyangol (*Etyangold-). Silmarilli) name of the shining jewels made by lóm mól "slave, thrall" (MÔ) Fëanor; full sg. form Silmarillë (SA:sil, SIL, RIL, lot tol "island, isle" (rising with sheer sides MIR). Translated "radiance of pure light" in from the sea or from the river, SA:tol). In early Letters:148. Gen. pl. Silmarillion, as in (Quenta) "Qenya", the word was defined as "island, any rise Silmarillion "(the Story) of the Silmarils". standing alone in water, plain of green, etc" liratI Itaril (*Itarill-), Itarillë, Itarildë fem. (LT1:269). The stem is toll-; the Etymologies as name, Sindarized as Idril (PM:346, 348; SA:ril). (In published in LR gives the pl. tollë (TOL2), probably a earlier sources, Tolkien used Irildë as the Quenya misreading for tolli, as in LT1:85. form of Idril.) ludnereT Terendul "Slender-(and)-dark", liravat tavaril "dryad, spirit of woods" masc. name (LR:59, TER/TERES, DUL, NDUL) (evidently fem.) (TÁWAR) lut tul- "come", 1. pers. aorist tulin "I come" lirim miril (mirill-, as in pl. mirilli) "shining (TUL), perfect utúlië "has come" (utúlien "I am jewel" (MBIRIL) come", EO), utúlie'n aurë "Day has come" (the liris siril "rivulet" (SIR) function of the 'n is unclear; it may simply be inserted lirúdnA Andúril "Flame of the West", for euphony). Past tense túlë "came" in LR:47 and sword-name (LotR1:II ch. 3) SD:246; read perhaps *tullë in mature Quenya. Cf. lis sil- "shine" (white), present tense síla early "Qenya" perfects tulielto "they have come" "shines, is shining" (FG); aorist silë, pl. silir (The (LT1:114, 270) and tulier "have come", pl., in the Return of the Shadow:324), frequentative sisíla- phrase I·Eldar tulier "the Eldar have (Markirya comments) come"(LT1:114, 270). Read probably *utúlientë, lisI Isil "Moon" (FS; SA:sil, Appendix E, *Eldar utúlier in mature Quenya. SD:302, SIL; also defined as "the Sheen" under lutte #ettul- *"come forth" THIL) ma am- (prefix) "up" (AM2) lisraN Narsil (Þ) the sword of Elendil, mah ham- "sit" (KHAM) compound of the stems seen in Anar "Sun" and Isil mat tam- "to tap" (1. pers. aorist tamin "I "Moon"; see Letters:425 for etymology tap"), pa.t. tamnë (TAM) liteuqin niquetil ("q") "snowcap" (LT1:266) mic cim- "heed" (GL:39) liteuqinaT Taniquetil (Taniquetild-) the mli ilm- stem appearing in Ilmen, the region highest of the mountains of Valinor, upon which were above the air where the stars are, in Ilmarë, name of the mansions of Manwë and Varda; properly, this a Maia, and in Ilmarin "mansion of the high airs", the name refers to the topmost peak only, the whole dwelling of Manwë and Varda upon Oiolossë (SA) mountain being called Oiolossë (SA:til). The mol lom- "hide" (LT1:255, that has lomir "I Etymologies has Taniquetil, Taniquetildë ("q") (Ta- hide"; read *lomin if the word is to be adapted to mature Quenya.)

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mu um- "not do, not be" (1. pers. aorist name Aman the Blessed Realm, from the stem mân- umin "I do not, am not"), past tense úmë "good, blessed, unmarred" (SA:mân). (UGU/UMU). Future tense úva? (q.v.) namal laman (lamn- or simply laman-, as in n -n (1) dative ending, in nin, enyalien. Pl. - pl. lamni or lamani) "animal" (usually applied to in, partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz) four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles and birds) n -n (2), also -nyë, pronominal ending, 1. (WJ:416) person sg. "I", as in utúlien "I am come" (EO) namarA Araman "outside Aman", name of a n -n (3) a plural sign used in some of the region (SA:ar, mân) case endings (WJ:407): Pl. genitive -on, pl. ablative - namó óman "vowel" (pl. amandi given, llon (but also -llor), pl. locative -ssen. probably a misreading for *omandi; the stem would n n-alalmino ??? (twice in Narqelion; seem to be *omand-) (OM) perhaps ne + alalmino) namurE Eruman desert north-east of na an "for" (Nam, RGEO:66) - but the an of Valinor (ERE) the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the nan nan "but" (FS); the Etymologies also Lords are at hand" (SD:290) seems to denote motion gives ná, nán (NDAN), but these words may be towards (the speaker): the Eagles are coming. Etym confused with forms of the verb "to be", so nan has an, ana "to, towards" (NÂ1). In the "Arctic" should perhaps be preferred. sentence, an is translated "until". nán nán (2), also ná, "but, on the contrary, na an- prefix "re" in antúlien, q.v. (Mature on the other hand" (NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is Quenya shows en-) probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with ná nablU Ulban (Ulband-) "monster" (a name "is"). of Melko) (LT1:260) nan nan (nand-) "woodland" (LT1:261) nabma amban "upward slope, hill-side" nan nan- (prefix) "backwards" (NDAN) AM2) nanirasaT Tasarinan *"Willow-vale", also nac can- (1) (prefix) ("k") "four" (KÁNAT) Nan-Tasarion (LotR2:III ch. 4) nac can- (2) verb "order" (give an order) or nanirioN Noirinan the "Valley of the (with things as object) "demand" (PM:361-362; only Tombs" in Númenor (evidently *noirë, *noiri- the stem KAN is there mentioned) "tomb" + nan "valley") (UT:166) nacadlE Eldacan ("k") (masc. name) naniródnileruaL Laurelindórinan "Valley "Ælfnoth", Elf-bold (KAN) of Singing Gold", an earlier name of Laurenandë nagnalayt tyalangan "harp-player" (TYAL) (Lórien) (UT:253); laurelindórenan lindelorendor naháM Máhan (pl. Máhani attested in malinornélion ornemalin *"Goldenlight-music-land- WJ:402), one of the eight chiefs of the Valar. valley music-dream-land of yellow-trees tree-yellow", (Adopted and adapted from Valarin, but usually Quenya elements agglutinated in Entish fashion; this translated as Aratar.) supposedly means something like "the valley where nalap palan- "far, distant, wide, to a great the trees in a golden light sing musically, a land of extent" (PAL); "far and wide" in palantír (pl. music and dreams; there are yellow trees there, it is a palantíri) *"Far-seer", the magic far-seeing stones tree-yellow land" (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in made by the Noldor in the First Age (SA:palan, Letters:308). PAL). For etymology, see Letters:427. Also Palantir nar ran "noise" (LT1:259). Stem *ram- if it masc. name, "Far-sighted" (Appendix A, SA:palan, is connected to the verb rama-??? PAL, TIR); assimilated palar- in Palarran "Far- nara aran "king"; pl. arani (WJ:369); Wanderer", name of a ship (palan + ran) (UT:179) gen.pl. aranion "of kings" in asëa aranion, q.v.; nalat talan (talam-, e.g. pl. talami) "floor, aranya *"my king" (aran + nya) (UT:193). base, ground" (TALAM) naragni ingaran "high-king" (PM:340) nam man "who" (Nam, RGEO:67, FS, narah haran (#harn-, as in pl. harni) "king, LR:59, Markirya, MC:213, 214); cf. PM:357 note 18, chieftain" (3AR, TÂ/TA3 - for "king", the word aran where a reference is made to the Eldarin interrogative is to be preferred in LotR-style Quenya) element ma, man). However, man is translated narat taran, tarambo "buffet" (LT2:337) "what" in LR:59: man-ië? "what is it?" (LR:59; the naraúN Núaran *"West-king"; Núaran stative-verb suffix -ië is hardly valid in mature Númenoren *"West-king of Númenor"; changed Quenya) Either Tolkien later adjusted the meaning of (according to LR:71) to Núraran Númenen, *"West- the word, or man covers both "who" and "what". Cf. king of the West" (all of this is "Qenya" with genitive also mana, manen. in -n instead of -o, as in mature Quenya) (LR:60) nama aman "blessed, free from evil". narewlI Ilweran, Ilweranta "rainbow" Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399) Place- (GL:74) (The Etymologies gives helyanwë.)

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naródloN Noldóran ("ñ") "King of the ne en- (3) prefix "re-, again-", in Noldor" (PM:343; evidently noldo + aran). enquantuva "shall refill", entuluva, "shall come narralap Palarran "Far-Wanderer", name of again", Envinyatar "Renewer", envinyanta "healed, a ship (palan + ran, note assimilation nr > rr) *renewed", enyalië "to recall" (Nam, RGEO:67, (UT:179) LotR3:V ch. 8, MR:405, UT:317) nas san "then" (MC:216; also twice in nec #cen = noun "sight" as the final element Narqelion) of some nouns (*apacen, tercen, q.v.) nasamiac caimasan ("k") "bedchamber" nec cen- ("k") "see, behold", future tense (caimasamb-, as in pl. caimasambi) (STAB) cenuva ("kenuva") "shall see" in Markirya. natA Atan pl. Atani "the Second Folk", an néc cén ("k") "soil, earth"; see cemen Elvish name of Mortal Men, the Second-born of (KEM) Ilúvatar. Cf. also Núnatani (WJ:386). necapa apacen "foresight"; see apacenyë. natanúN #Núnatan pl. Núnatani "Western necret tercen ("terken") "insight", literally Men" = Sindarin Dúnedain (WJ:386). *"through-sight" (MR:471); adj. #tercenya (only pl. natarA Aratan *"Noble Adan", masc. name tercenyë attested) "of insight"; essi tercenyë "names (Silm) of insight", names given to a child by its mother, natayriC Ciryatan *"Ship-builder" indicating some dominant feature of its nature as (Appendix A), also Tar-Ciryatan, name of a perceived by her (MR:216) Númenórean king, "King Shipbuilder" (SA:kir-) neednilessalatpap paptalasselindeën "like natraM Martan, Martano "Earth-smith", music of falling leaves" (MC:216; this is "Qenya") "Earthbuilder", a surname of Aule (TAN, neessoleuqlis silquelosseën ("q") "blossom- GAWA/GOWO - the form Martanô given under white hair" (MC:216; this is "Qenya") MBAR must be understood as primitive) neh hen (hend-, as in pl. hendi) "eye" natsadnas sandastan "shield-barrier", a (KHEN-D-E) battle-formation (UT:282; probably sandastam- since neidnE Endien alternative term for the final element is derived from a stem stama- "bar, "autumn" (PM:135). In the Etymologies, the word exclude". Compare talan, talam- from TALAM.) Endien is assigned a quite different meaning: natsaniM Minastan masc.name, *"Tower- "Midyear, Midyear week", in the calendar of Valinor maker" (Appendix A) a week outside the months, between the sixth and nauh huan (hún-, as in dat. sg. húnen) seventh months, dedicated to the Trees; also called "hound" (KHUGAN, KHUG) Aldalemnar (YEN, LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK) náv ván "goose"; pl. váni given (WA-N). neilútna antúlien "hath returned" in the Older wán. phrase I·cal' antúlien ("k") "Light hath returned" navarh #Hravan pl. Hravani "the Wild", (LT1:270); note the "Qenya" third person ending -n. name of non-Edain Men (WJ:219) In mature Quenya this would perhaps read *i cál' naváy yávan "harvest, autumn" (LT1:273; in enutúlië. mature Quenya yávië) neilútu utúlien see tul- (EO) náw wán > ván "goose" (WA-N) neirA Arien "the Sun-maiden", fem. name, nawh hwan (hwand-, e.g. pl. hwandi) the Maia of the Sun (AR1; Silm); cf. árë "sunlight" "sponge, fungus" (SWAD) neiramliS Silmarien (sometimes "-riën") naxa axan "law, rule, commandment". fem. name, apparently incorporates sil(i)ma Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399) Pl. (Appendix A) axani is attested (VT39:23, defined as "laws, rules, as neiródliH Hildórien the land where Men primarily proceeding from Eru" in VT39:30) first awoke, like the Elves did at Cuiviénen (Silm, nayricalaC Calaciryan ("k") "the Cleft of KHIL, PHIR) Light", the pass in the Pelóri, apparently a variant of neiróL Lórien (from lor-) name of a Vala, Calacirya (WJ:403, SA:kal-, kir-). Calaciryan, properly the place where he dwells, while his real Calaciryandë, "the region of Eldamar (Elvenhome) name is Irmo (WJ:402, LOS (ÓLOS, SPAN) ) in and near the entrance to the ravine, where the Light neirúlaP Palúrien surname of Yavanna was brighter and the land more beautiful" (RGEO:70) (PAL) ne en (1) "there, look! yonder" (EN) neirúluC Culúrien another name of ne en (2) unidentified word occurring twice Laurelin; apparently derived from the stem KUL- in Fíriel's Song; according to the most plausible "golden-red" (Silm; LR:365) theory it is an adverbial particle denoting that the nele elen "star" (SA:êl, elen, EL); pl. eleni action of the following verb took place a long time (occasionally in verse: eldi) (WJ:362); gen. pl. ago. elenion in the phrase Elenion Ancalima "brightest of

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stars" (LotR2:IV ch. 9; see Letters:385 for nén nén (nen-) "water" (NEN). translation); allative elenna "starwards" used as name nen -nen instrumental ending (pl. -inen, dual of Númenor (Silm; see Elenna); ablative pl. elenillor -nten, partitive pl. -línen) "from stars" in Markirya. nenam manen "how" (PM:395) nelestO Otselen "Seven Stars" = Great Bear nenár ránen "errant" (RAN; may be a (constellation) (OT/OTOS/OTOK) misreading for *ránëa) nelette ettelen ?"foreign" (gloss not certainly nenatsel lestanen "in measure", a word legible) (ET) occurring in Fíriel's Song, apparently the instrumental nem men (1) "way" (SA) or "place, spot" form of a noun #lesta "measure", not otherwise (MEN) attested. nem men (2) "who", evidently a misreading neni -inen instrumental pl. ending. In or miswriting for man (MC:221, in Markirya) ómainen (WJ:391) nemec cemen (cén) ("k") "earth", referring neniac cainen ("k") "ten" to the earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the heavens (KAYAN/KAYAR) (SA:kemen); "soil, earth" (KEM, LT1:257). At one neníl -línen ending for partitive pl. stage, Tolkien intended cemen as the genitive of cén; instrumental (Plotz); see -li later cemen became the nominative. nenílamlaculuc culucalmalínen ("k") "with nemek kemen "earth"; see cemen. golden lights" (MC:220; this is "Qenya") nemí ímen a word occurring in Fíriel's Song, nenipmit timpinen "a fluter" (LT1:268; translated "in them" (ar ilqua ímen "and all [that is] hardly valid in mature Quenya) in them"). Probably not valid in mature Quenya. neníramlafetól lótefalmarínen "with waves nemís símen "here" (FS; cf. sinomë in EO) crowned with flowers" (MC:220; this is "Qenya") nemli ilmen region above air where stars are nenisíN Nísinen *"Flagrance-water", a like (WIL, SA:ilm-); Ilmen-assa "Chasm of Ilmen" in Númenor (UT:168) (GAS) neniU Uinen (Uinend-, as in dative nemlot tolmen "boss (of shield)" (LT1:269) Uinenden) name of a Maia, spouse of Ossë (UY, nemór rómen, Rómen "east" (RÔ, MEN, NEN). Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:404), SA:men), "uprising, sunrise, east" (SA:rómen); also though it is also said that it contains -nen "water" name of tengwa 25 (Appendix E). Rómenna, a place (SA:nen); the latter explanation may be folk in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative etymology. In the Etymologies, the name is derived "eastward" (SA:rómen), cf. also rómenna in LR:47, from the same stem (UY) as uilë "long trailing plant, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "[to one] especially seaweed". from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those nenúh húnen dat. sg. of huan (KHUGAN, from the East" in his rendering of Namárië (Nam, KHUG) RGEO:67). Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" nerae ëaren "eagle" or "eyrie" (LT1:251; (Appendix A; cf. Letters:425) this early "Qenya" word is certainly no more valid nemraH [Harmen] "south" (MEN) than ëa "eagle" in mature Quenya.) (Changed to hyarmen.) neramlA Almaren the first abode of the nemrayh hyarmen, Hyarmen "south" (SA, Valar in Arda, apparently related to almarë SA:men, KHYAR), also name of tengwa 33 "blessedness" (Silm, LR:357) (Appendix E). nere eren, erë "iron" or "steel"; Eremandu nemroF Formen "north" (SA:men), also variant of Angamandu (Angband) (LT1:252; "iron" name of tengwa 10 (Appendix E, PHOR, MEN). should be anga in mature Quenya, but these words nemroT [Tormen] "north" (MEN) may be used for "steel") nemún númen "west, the way of the sunset" neref feren (fern-, as in pl. ferni) "beech, (SA:andúnë, cf. NDÛ, MEN; capitalized Númen beech-tree". Also fernë. (BERÉTH, PHER/PHÉREN) under SA:men and in CO), "going down, occudent" nereh heren (1) "order"; Heren Istarion (Letters:361), also name of tengwa 17 (Appendix E). "Order of " (UT:388); (2) "fortune" Allative númenna "Westward" (LR:47, SD:310) See etymologically "governance" ("and so what is in store also númenyaron, númessier. for one and what one has in store") (KHER) Herendil nemúnureH Herunúmen "Lord of the West" masc. name *"Fortune-friend" = Eadwine, Edwin, (SA:heru); herunúmen "Lord-of-West" (LR:47), title Audoin (LR:52, 56, cf. the Etymologies, stems of Manwë KHER-, NIL/NDIL) nen nen "river" (LT1:248), "river, water" nerem meren (merend-), also merendë (LT1:262) (In mature Quenya, nén with a long vowel "feast, festival" (MBER) means "water", but hardly "river" - that is sírë.)

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nerématnacla alcantaméren ("k") "made it occurs in MC:215 and in Etym, stems GWEN, shine" (with a fem.pl. subject; the ending -ren WEN/WENED). (LT1:271, 273) probably means "they" of women, but the ending does new -wen "maiden", a frequent ending in not have to be translated here) (MC:216; this is feminine names like Eärwen *"Sea-maiden" "Qenya") (SA:wen). Early "Qenya" also has -wen feminine neret teren, terenë "slender" (TER/TERES) patronymic *"daughter of" (LT1:271, 273), but the nesíh hísen "of mist" (MC:221; this may be the patronymic ending seems to be -iel "-daughter" in "Qenya", but it connects with hísë.) mature Quenya. nessil -lissen or -lissë ending for partitive pl. newlaL Lalwen (also longer Lalwendë) locative (Plotz); see -li "Laughing Maiden", fem. name (PM:343) nessiracla alcarissen ("k") "in light-rays" (a newle elwen "heart" (LT1:255; rather hón or "Qenya" form from MC:221; alcar means "glory" in indo in mature Quenya) mature Quenya) newlo olwen (olwenn-) "branch, wand, nésurE Erusén "the children of God" stick" (LT2:342) (RGEO:74; this is a weird form with no plural ending. newnaM rA Ar Manwen *"Day of Manwe" The normal form seems to be Eruhíni.) (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK; this is "Qenya" with genitive net ten "for", in Fíriel's Song; apparently in -n.) replaced by an in mature Quenya. néy yén (pl. yéni in Nam, obsoleting yen[i] net ten- "hear", future tense tenuva in the Etymologies, stem YEN), Elvish "long year" of (MC:213; in mature Quenya, "hear" is hlar-) 144 solar years, 52,596 days (Nam, Appendix D, E; netn -nten ending for dual instrumental RGEO:66. Tolkien earlier defined yén as 100 solar (Plotz) years; see PM:126; in the Etymologies, stem YEN, it néuq quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final seems to mean simply "year".) Yénonótië element in compounds -quen) "one, (some)body, *"reckoning of years" (MR:51) person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = ney yen, yendë "daughter" (YÔ/YON. This "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most word replaced another form, but the latter may have general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say been restored; see yeldë.) that..."). Combined with noun and adjective stems in ni in a strange particle occurring in the old compounds to denote habitual occupations or phrase i-coimas in-Eldaron "the coimas [lembas] of functions, or to describe those having some notable the Eldar" in PM:403. It looks like the Sindarin plural (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, article, but in Quenya i is both sg. and pl. "the", and ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen, ilquen the word Eldar does not normally take any article at (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372) all. The alternative reading i-coimas Eldaron neuqayric ciryaquen "shipman, sailor" (PM:395) is probably to be preferred. (WJ:372). ni -in dative pl. ending, seen in eldain, neuqia aiquen "if anybody, whoever" fírimoin, q.v. (WJ:372) niaracla alcarain ("k") "shining" (pl - sg neuqli ilquen "everybody" (WJ:372) *alcara?) (MC:221; this is "Qenya") neuqor roquen "horseman [but the Quenya niclah halcin ("k") "frozen" (LT1:254) word does not show gender], rider, knight" (WJ:372, niclih hilcin ("k") is glossed "it freezes"; if UT:282) this word is to adapted to mature Quenya, it would neuqra arquen "a noble" (WJ:372) have to mean "I freeze" (LT1:254) neurehemún númeheruen *"of the Lord of nicseH Hescin ("k") "winter one" (???) the West" (Manwë) (SD:290); this is "Qenya" with (LT1:255) genitive in -en instead of -o as in mature Quenya nidnamoro oromandin "wood-spirits" neureV rA Ar Veruen *"Day of the (MC:215; this is "Qenya") Spouses" (Aule and Yavanna) (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK; nidnan nandin "fay of the country" this is "Qenya" with genitive in -n.) (LT1:261) neurevrA Arveruen third day of the nietnauq quantien ("q") "last day of year" Valinorian week of 5 days, dedicated to Aule and (YEN). The word is assigned a different meaning in Yavanna (BES) PM: quantien ("q") "full year" = yén, a period of 144 néw wén "greenness, youth, freshness" solar years (PM:126; pl. quantiéni, PM:127). Since (GWEN), blended with wendë "maid" the latter meaning comes from drafts for the LotR new wen "maid, girl" (*wend-), in early Appendices that did not make it into the published "Qenya" also wendi (the mature Quenya form wendë LotR, it should perhaps be ignored.

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nih -hin "child", pl. -híni (as in Eruhíni, niraclA Alcarin "the Glorious", title taken "Children of Eru", SA:híni) by Atanatar II of Gondor, also name of one of the nihurE Eruhin pl. Eruhíni "Children of Kings of Númenor (Appendix A). Is this to be taken Eru", Elves and Men (WJ:403; SA:híni) as a shorter form of alcarinqua, q.v.? nil [lin- (2) "sing" (GLIN, struck out)] niradlE Eldarin adjective derived from nil lin- (1) (prefix) "many" (LI) Elda: "Eldarin, Elvish" (Silm, ÉLED) nil -lin ending for partitive pl. dative (Plotz); niramlaf falmarin (falmarind- or simply see -li falmarin- as in pl. falmarindi [or falmarini]) "sea- nil lin, lind- "a musical sound" spirit, nymph" (PHAL/PHÁLAS) (Letters:308), "melody" (LT1:258) niramlI Ilmarin "mansion of the high airs", nilauq qualin ("q") "dead" (KWAL, the dwelling of Manwë and Varda upon Oiolossë LT1:264) (SA:ilm-) nilauqia aiqualin ("q") "tall", plural form nirasat tasarin "willow" (LT2:346; mature (???) (MC:216; this is "Qenya" - but cf. aiqua.) Quenya tasar, tasarë) nilav valin "happy" (LT1:272) nirawh hwarin "crooked" (SKWAR) nilavrA Arvalin "outside Valinor" (AR2) nirawliw wilwarin (wilwarind-, as in pl. nileh helin "violet" or "pansy" (LT1:262) wilwarindi) "butterfly" (Markirya, WIL, LT1:273); nilem melin "dear" (MEL) Wilwarin name of a constellation, tentatively nileruaL Laurelin ("g.sg. Laurelinden" or identified as Cassiopeia (Silm). "Qenya" adjective Laurelingen; in mature Quenya this is dat.sg.) Name wilwarindeën "like butterflies" (MC:216); "Qenya" of the Golden Tree of Valinor, interpreted both similative form wilwarindon "as a butterfly" *"singing-gold" (stem Laurelind-) and "hanging- (MC:213, 220) gold" (stem Laureling-) (LIN2, LÁWAR/GLÁWAR, niredneuQ Quenderin "Quendian, belonging [GLAW(-R)], SA, Letters:308) to the Elves as a whole" (a learned word) (WJ:407) nileY Yelin "winter" (LT1:260; mature nireleT Telerin "Telerian" (TELES) Quenya has hrívë, and Yelin was probably obsoleted nirevÍ *Iverin (Íverind-), Íverindor together with the adjective yelwa "cold", that appear "Ireland" (LT2:344) The nominative of Íverind- must with a different meaning in the Etymologies). be *Íverin, the form Íverind- occurring before nili ilin "pale blue" (GLINDI) endings. Compare Íwerin below.. nilia ailin ("g.sg. ailinen", in mature Quenya nirewÍ Íwerin "Ireland" (also Íverindor, dat.sg.) "pool, lake" (AY, LIN1, LT2:339) Íverind-) (LT2:344) nilip pilin (pilind-, as in pl. pilindi) "arrow" niri irin "town" (LT2:343) (PÍLIM) nirif firin "dead" (by natural cause) (PHIR). niliv vilin "airy, breezy" (LT1:273) This may obsolete the earlier "Qenya" word firin "ray niliw wilin "bird" (LT1:273; if this "Qenya" of the sun" (LT2:341) word is to be used in mature Quenya, it must not be nirifli ilfirin "immortal" (PHIR) confused with the 1. pers. aorist of the verb wil-) niripli *ilpirin (hypothetical form; the word nilleróL Lórellin name of the lake where the actually appears in Q as ilfirin) "immortal" (PHIR) Valië Estë sleeps; apparently meaning *"Dream-lake" nirit tirin "tall tower" (LT1:258; this is a (Silm) verb "I watch" in the Etymologies, stem TIR.) niluril lirulin "lark" (MR:238, 262), changed nirív vírin "a magic glassy substance of from aimenel, aimenal great lucency used in fashioning the Moon. Used of nimat tamin "forge" (noun? verb? If it is a things of great and pure transparency." (LT2:339) verb, this would - at least within the framework of niroc corin ("k") "circular enclosure" mature Quenya - be the 1. person aorist of a verb (KOR). In the early "Qenya Lexicon", this word was tam-; cf. tam- "to tap".) (LT1:250) defined as "a circular enclosure, especially on a hill- nimól lómin "shade, shadow" (LT1:255) top" (LT1:257). nimri irmin "the world, all the regions niroclI Ilkorin *"not of Kor" (LA, AR2) inhabited by Men" (LT2:343) nirodlonalóm mólanoldorin "the language nin nin "to me", dative of ni (FS) of the Noldor enslaved by Morgoth" (MÔ) (Changed niolacrat tarcalion = Tar-Calion, Quenya from múlanoldorin.) name of Ar-Pharazôn (LR:47, SD:246); see Calion nirodlonalúm [múlanoldorin] "the language nir rin "dew" (LT1:265; rather rossë in of the Noldor enslaved by Morgoth" (MÔ) (Changed mature Quenya) to mólanoldorin.) nira arin "morning" (AR1) nirólO Olórin name of the Maia that became , connected to olos # 1 (UT:396)

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nirouq quorin ("q") "drowned, choked" nivay yavin "bears fruit" (LT1:273; would (LT1:264) have to mean "I bear fruit" in mature Quenya; a stem nirú úrin "blazing hot" (LT1:271) #yav- may be isolated) nirú Úrin (Úrind-, as in "g.sg. Úrinden", in nivet tevin "hatred" (LT1:268); also tevië mature Quenya this is dat.sg.) a name of the Sun (UR; no -on gen.pl. ending (3O), in Silmarillion, this stem was struck out in Etym, but several words Valion, aldaron, aranion, tasarion (see Nan- that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it Tasarion), Númevalion, Sindaron, Istarion, seems that Tolkien restored it.) Ingweron, Quendion, Eldaron. niruf furin "hidden, concealed" (also hurin) no on, ondo "stone" (LT2:342, LT1:254 - (LT2:340) probably only ondo in mature Quenya). Various niruh hurin "hidden, concealed" (also furin) "Qenya" forms: ondoli "rocks" (MC:213; this would (LT2:340) be a partitive plural in mature Quenya), ondolin nirulaP Palurin "the wide world" (LT1:264) "rocks" (MC:220), ondoisen "upon rocks" (MC:221), nirúT Túrin (masc. name), apparently ondolissen "rocks-on" (MC:214; the latter form, meaning "victory-mood" (LR:395, stem TUR). The partitive plural locative, is still valid in mature Etymologies gives Turindo as the Quenya form of Quenya) this name; Túrin seems to be properly the Sindarin nodna andon "great gate" (andond-, as in pl. form, though it fits Quenya style well enough and andondi) (AD) Nienor used it in a Quenya sentence (near the end of nodniL Lindon, Lindónë "Lindon", place- ch. 21 in the Silmarillion) name (WJ:385) nis sin (1) a word either meaning "thus" nodnilessaleruat taurelasselindon "like (adverb) or "this" (as an independent word in the leaves of forests" (MC:213, 220; this is "Qenya") sentence, not modifying another word like sina does). nodnilewnit tinwelindon "like stars" Attested in the sentence sin quentë Quendingoldo (MC:213, MC:220; this is a "Qenya" "similative" Elendilenna, either *"this Pengolodh said to Elendil" form in -ndon and pl. in -li) or "thus spoke Pengolodh to Elendil" (PM:401). nodnim mindon "(great, lofty) tower", nis sin (2) a form of sí "now" (q.v.) allative pl. mindoninnar in Markirya, changed to the occurring before vowels, possibly replaced by sín (SI) contracted form mindonnar. Cf. also Mindon niseH Hesin "winter" (LT1:255; mature Eldaliéva "Lofty Tower of the Eldalië" (Silm) Quenya has hrívë) nodnit tindon "lay" (???) (MC:220; this is nistalobmuT Tumbolatsin (place-name, "Qenya") apparently incorporating tumbo) (LAT) nodroc cordon ("k") "idol" (LT1:257) nit tin- "glint" (3. pers. aorist tinë "it glints") noedla aldëon "avenue of trees" (LT1:249) (TIN) nognal langon "throat" (MC:216; this is nital latin, latina "open, free, cleared (of "Qenya", possibly an inflected form of lango #2 – but land)" (LAT) Tolkien changed it to lanco) niu uin (1) see u-. nóh hón "heart" (physical) (KHÔ-N); hon- niU Uin (2) "the primeval whale" (LT1:263) maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is niul luin "blue", pl. luini (Nam, RGEO:66). "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in mature In Helluin, name of the star Sirius, and Luinil, name Quenya - read *hon-maro?) of another blue-shining star (or planet). (SA; Luinil is noi -ion (patronymic ending) "son (of), tentatively identified with Neptune, MR:435) descendant" (YÔ/YON, LT1:271, LT2:344) niullI Illuin name of one of the Lamps of the noidleN Neldion *"Day of the three Valar; apparently incorporating the element luin [younger gods]", sc. Osse, Orome and Tulkas "blue" (Silm) (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK) niullodniM Mindolluin *"Blue Tower" noif fion (fiond- or simply fion-, as in pl. (mindon + luin), name of a mountain. (Christopher fiondi or fioni) ?"hawk" (reading of gloss uncertain; Tolkien translates the name as "Towering Blue-head" according to Christopher Tolkien the most natural in the Silmarillion Index, but this seems to be based interpretation would be "haste", but this word would on the questionable assumption that it includes the have no plural form) (PHI) Sindarin element dol "head, hill". Unless this noil -lion ending for partitive pl. genitive translation is given in his father's papers, the name is (Plotz); see -li better explained as a Quenya compound.) noilaC Calion, Tar-Calion, the Quenya name niuqil liquin ("q") "wet" (LT1:262; mature of King Ar-Pharazôn "the Golden"; Calion would Quenya has linquë.) seem to be connected to cal- "shine", cálë "light". (Silm)

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noilavemúN Númevalion *"of the West- nolho ohlon (pl. ohloni is attested) powers" (SD:290); cf. Valion "diphthong", used of both vocalic diphthongs and noileuqraN Narquelion ("q") "fire-fading, "consonantal diphthongs" like mb (VT39:9) autumn" (FS, Narqelion, KWEL, (LAS1) ); simply noll -llon ending for plural ablative; also - translated "Fading" in LR:72. llor noilisraN Narsilion (Þ) "(the song) of the nollil -lillon or -lillo ending for partitive pl. Sun and Moon"; actually the stems of the words for ablative (Plotz); see -li Sun and Moon compounded (see Narsil) and a plural nomilacnA Ancalimon fem. name *"Most genitive ending added (Silm) Bright One" (Appendix A). noiliT Tilion "the Horned", name of a Maia, nomlU rA Ar Ulmon *"Day of Ulmo" steersman of the Moon (SA:til; according to the (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK; this is "Qenya" with genitive Etymologies, stem TIL, Tilion is a name of the "man in -n.) in the Moon") nonnaraT Tarannon masc. name; ?"High- noillimA Amillion "February" (LT1:249; gift"? Or, if -annon is a Sindarin-influenced form of mature Quenya has Nénimë) andon "great gate" rather than a masculinized form of noin nion "bee" (GL:60) anna "gift", "Lord of the Gate"??? (Appendix A) noinara aesa asëa aranion "kingsfoil, nor -ron gen. pl. ending in aldaron, see athelas"; lit. "asëa [foil?] of kings", see aran alda. The -r is actually the nominative pl. ending, to (LotR3:V ch. 8) which is appended the genitive ending -o and a noinros sornion "eyrie" (LT1:266) second plural marker, -n. noipliS Silpion a name of the Elder of the norabma ambaron (ambarón- as in "g.sg. (Telperion, the White Tree). ambarónen", in mature Quenya dat.sg.) "uprising, (Silm, SIL, SÍLIP, BAL, ROS1, LR:385) sunrise, Orient" (AM2). The longer form Ambarónë noiradlA Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of should be preferred, since ambaron is also the dat.sg. (the) Trees", (Appendix A). of ambar # 1. noiránA Anárion *"Sun-son", masc. name. noradlA Aldaron a name of Oromë noiráT Tárion alternative name of Valanya, (GÁLAD, Silm). the last day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to norasseN Nessaron *"[Day] of the younger the Powers (Valar) (Appendix D) [gods]", sc. Ossë, Oromë and Tulkas (in Tolkien's noirepleyT Tyelperion less common name earlier conception, Ossë was a "god" or Vala). of Telperion (UT:266). (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK) noirit tirion "watch-tower, tower" (TIR); in norátuac cautáron ("k") "bent" (MC:216; early "Qenya" the gloss was "a mighty tower, a city this is "Qenya") on a hill" (LT1:258). Tirion "Great Watchtower", a noravat tavaron, tavaro "dryad, spirit of city of the Elves (SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is woods" (evidently masc.) (TÁWAR) "Watchful City") noraynemún númenyaron a word occurring noirom morion "son of the dark" (in Fíriel's in a phrase from an earlier version of Fíriel's Song, Song, Morion is translated "dark one", referring to Valion númenyaron, "of the Lords [Valar] of the Melko[r]) (LT1:261) West". But númenyaron cannot simply mean "of the noiroM Morion "the dark one", a title of West"; it seems to be the plural genitive of númenya Morgoth (FS). "western", hence literally *"of the western (things, noirÚ Úrion (Q?) a title of Fionwë (= later persons, realms)" or "of the Westerners". Eönwë); see the LR index. (UR; this stem was struck norénauqnin ninquanéron ("q") "white out in Etym, but several words that must be derived shining" (MC:220; this is "Qenya") from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien nores seron "friend" (SER) restored it.) norias sairon "wizard" (SAY); according to noirutnaF rA Ar Fanturion *"Day of the LT2:337 and GL:29, Sairon is also the Quenya name Fanturi (Mandos and Lorien)" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK) of Dairon (Daeron). noitnirE Erintion second half of the month noro oron (oront-, as in pl. oronti) of avestalis (January) (LT1:252) "mountain" (ÓROT) nolaV Valon "male Vala" (also Valmo) noroc coron (1) "mound" (SA); Coron (LT1:272; these forms may or may not be valid in Oiolairë ("Koron"), the "Mound of Eversummer" mature Quenya) where the Two Trees grew. Also contracted nolh #hlon (#hlón?), pl. hloni "sounds" (or Corollairë (WJ:401) may the sg. be #hlonë?) (WJ:394) noroc coron (2) ("k") (corn-, as in dat. sg. cornen) "globe, ball" (KOR)

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noros soron (or sornë) (Þ) "eagle", before obmut tumbo "(deep) valley", under or an ending sorn- as in pl. sorni, "gen.sg....sornen", in among hills (TUB, SA:tum). In early "Qenya", the mature Quenya dat.sg. (THOR/THORON). SD:290 gloss was "dark vale" (LT1:269). See tumba. has the pl. soroni "eagles", changed to sorni as in the ocáuq quáco ("q") "crow" (WJ:395; Etym Etymologies. Early "Qenya" has the forms sor, sornë also has corco, q.v.) (LT1:266) occav vacco ("k") "jacket, cloak" (GL:21) norot toron pl. torni "brother" (TOR) occe ecco ("k") "spear" (EK/EKTE) noruahT Thauron (Þauron) earlier form of occelep pelecco ("k") "axe" (LT2:346) Sauron, before the change th > s (SA:thaur, cf. occet tecco ("k") "stroke of pen or brush (´) Letters:380, that suggests a stem thaurond-, there when not used as long mark" (TEK) spelt with the Greek letter for th) occor rocco ("k") "horse" (ROK, SA:roch; noruaS Sauron, Sauro (Þ) "the Abhorred", Letters:428; cf. 282 where the spelling really is rocco, name of a Maia. Earlier Thauron (SA:thaur, THUS), not rokko. In Letters:428 the word is defined as archaic *thaurond- (Letters:380, where a special "swift horse for riding".) letter is used instead of the digraph th) occurat tarucco ("k") "bull" (also tarunco) noylidneraE Eärendilyon "son of Eärendel" ("k") (LT2:347; mature Quenya has mundo) ("used of any mariner") (LT1:251) ocian naico ("k") "of hill(s)" (???) (MC:221; noyra aryon "heir" (GAR under 3AR) this is "Qenya") noyrah haryon "(heir), prince" (3AR) ocíl líco ("k") "wax" (Markirya comments, noyriC Ciryon *"Ship-son"; see cirya. MC:223) nuaqlaf falquan ("q") "large sword" ociol loico "corpse, dead body"; loicolícuma (LT2:341) "corpse-candle" in Markirya numa amun (amund-) "hill" (LT2:335; in ocleM Melko "Mighty One", name of the mature Quenya ambo) rebellious Vala, usually called Melkor (MIL-IK, nún nún "down below, underneath" (adv.) MOR; FS - MR:350 confirms that the form Melko is (NÛ) still valid in mature Quenya, though not interpreted Ó †Ó "the sea" (poetic word, hardly valid in "Greedy One" as in the Etymologies) mature Quenya) (LT1:263, there spelt Ô) oclet telco "stem" (Appendix E). The o o (1) a word for "and" occurring solely in Etymologies gives telco ("k") pl. telqui ("q") "leg" SD:246; all other sources give ar. (the pl. form is said to be analogical) (TÉLEK) o -o (1) genitive ending, in Oromëo, oclut tulco ("k") "support, prop" (TULUK) 1 Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, ocnal lanco ("k") "throat, swallow" (LAK , q.v. Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v. LANK) o o (2) "with" (MC:216; this is "Qenya"; ocnar ranco ("k") "arm", pl. ranqui ("q") WJ:367 states that no independent preposition o was (RAK) used in Quenya. Use yo.) ocnit tinco "metal" (TINKÔ), also name of o -o (2), also -ó "a person, somebody", tengwa 1 (Appendix E, there spelt "tinco", but "tinko" pronominal suffix (PM:340) in Etym) ó ó- (usually reduced to o- when unstressed) ocnurat tarunco ("k") "bull" (also tarucco) a prefix "used in words describing the meeting, ("k") (LT2:347; mature Quenya has mundo) junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two ocomsoC Cosmoco ("k") "Gothmog" groups thought of as units". In omentië, ónoni, (LT2:344) ónona (WJ:367; in the Etymologies, stem WÔ, the ocrac [carco ("k") "crow" (KARKA)] prefix o-, ó- is simply defined as "together") (Changed to corco.) oat toa (1) ("töa") "wood" (VT39:6) ocras sarco ("k") "flesh" (LT2:347; mature oat toa (2) "of wool, woollen" (TOW, cf. Quenya has hrávë) GL:71) ocro orco ("k") "", pl. orcor or orqui obma ambo "hill", allative pl. ambonnar (WJ:390, ÓROK; pl. Orcor also in MR:74). Early "upon hills" in Markirya (ruxal' ambonnar "upon "Qenya" has orc ("k") (orqu-) ("q") "monster, crumbling hills") demon" (LT1:264; in mature Quenya, no word can obmarat tarambo, taran "buffet" (LT2:337) end in -rc.) obmilet telimbo "canopy, sky" (LT1:268) ocroc corco ("k") "crow" (KORKA, see obmot tombo "gong" (LT1:269) KARKA) obmul lumbo "cloud", pl. lumbor in ocrom morco ("k") "bear" (MORÓK) Markirya. In early "Qenya", lumbo was glossed "dark ocru urco ("k"), pl. urqui, an old word used lowering cloud" (LT1:259) in the lore of the Blessed Realm for anything that

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caused fear to the Elves during the March; by the "Gnome" in early "Qenya" (LT1:262). Also name of Exiles recognized as the cognate of Sindarin orch and tengwa 19. Originally pronounced ngoldo (also spelt used to mean "Orc". The Sindarin-influenced form ñoldo by Tolkien, ÑGOLOD); initial ng had become orco was also used. (WJ:390) n in Third Age pronunciation (Appendix E). Pl. ocruar rauco ("k") "a powerful, hostile, and Noldor ("Ñoldor"), "the Wise", name of the second terrible creature", especially in the compound clan of the Eldar (WJ:380, 381) Valarauco "Demon of Might" (WJ:415, cf. odna ando "gate", also name of tengwa 5 SA:raukor. In the Etymologies, stem RUK, the gloss (AD, Appendix E) is "demon".) In the compound Valaraucar "Balrogs", odnam mando "custody, safe keeping" the pl. of rauco is surprisingly #raucar instead of (MR:350) or "prison, duress" (in Mandos, q.v.) *raucor. (SA:band); Mando "the Imprisoner or Binder", ocruT Turco see Turcafinwë usually lenghtened Mandos (MBAD (ÑGUR, ocsur rusco "fox" (PM:353) GOS/GOTH, SPAN) ) ocuac cauco ("k") "humpback" (LT1:257) odnamagnA Angamando "Iron-gaol", ocuaN Nauco ("k") "Dwarf" (capitalized in Sindarin Angband (MR:350). The Etymologies gives WJ:388, but not in Etym, stem NAUK). Naucalië Angamanda "Angband, Hell", lit. "Iron-prison" (not *Naucolië) the "Dwarf-people" as a whole. From (MBAD). Older "Qenya" has Angamandu "Hells of nauca. See also Picinaucor. Iron" (or pl. Angamandi) (LT1:249) ocuan-aytiP #Pitya-nauco pl. Pitya-naucor odnamalaC Calamando ("k") "Light "Petty-dwarves" (cf. nauco) Also Picinaucor Mando" = Manwë (MBAD, (KAL, MANAD) ) (WJ:389) odnamiroM Morimando "Dark Mando" = ocuaniciP #Picinauco pl. Picinaucor ("k") Mandos (MBAD) "Petty-dwarves" (cf. nauco). Also Pitya-naucor odnaN #Nando pl. Nandor name of the (WJ:389) Green-elves (Laiquendi). The primitive word ocuaralam malarauco "balrog, demon" *ndandô, whence Quenya Nando, implied "one who (RUK - rather valarauco in mature Quenya) goes back on his word or decision", since the Nandor ocuaralaV Valarauco ("k") "Demon of left the March from Cuiviénen to Aman. Adj. Might" (here vala- assumes its basic meaning "power, Nandorin. (WJ:412) might"), Sindarin balrog (WJ:415). Pl. Valaraucar odni indo "heart, mood" (ID, obsoleting (sic, not -or) "Balrogs" (SA:val-, SA:rauco). Earlier earlier "Qenya" indo "house" in LT2:343); "state" forms from the "Qenya Lexicon" are Valcaraucë, (perhaps especially state of mind, given the other Malcaraucë (q.v.); these should probably be ignored glosses) (VT39:23); indo-ninya a word occurring in in mature Quenya. Fíriel's Song, translated "my heart". Read *indonya ocuit tiuco ("k") "thigh" (TIW) in mature Quenya? odlatsA Astaldo "the Valiant", a title of odnil lindo "singer, singing bird" (LIN2) Tulkas (Silm, MR:438); replaced Poldórëa. odnilem melindo "lover" (m.) (MEL) odlE Eldo archaic variant of Elda, properly odniliut tuilindo "swallow", etymologically one of the "Marchers" from Cuiviénen, but the word "spring-singer" (TUY, LIN2, LT1:269, LT2:388) went out of use (WJ:362, 374) odniloc colindo "bearer", in cormacolindor odlemadlE #Eldameldo pl. Eldameldor (q.v.) "Elf-lovers" (WJ:412) odnim mindo "isolated tower" (MINI) odles seldo (meaning not clear, perhaps the odnimoroc coromindo ("k") "cupola, dome" masculine form of seldë "child", hence *"boy") (SEL- (KOR) D) odniruT Turindo (masc. name, see Túrin). odlic cildo ("k") "one saw" (MC:220; this is (TUR) "Qenya"; cf. cildë) odniS Sindo (Þ) name of Elwe's brother odliH #Hildo pl. Hildor "the Followers", an (THIN) Elvish name of Mortal Men as the Second-born of odno ondo "stone" as a material (UT:459, Ilúvatar (WJ:387). GOND). Pl. ondor in an earlier variant of Markirya; odlin nildo "friend" (apparently masc.; partitive pl. locative ondolissë "on rocks" in the final contrast nildë) (NIL/NDIL) version odlogn ngoldo see noldo odnoh hondo "heart"; hondo-ninya "my odlognI Ingoldo masc. name; possessive heart", changed to indo-ninya (FS, earlier version) Ingoldova "Ingoldo's" (VT39:16) odnomiaT Taimondo, also Taimordo odlon noldo "one of the people of the "Orion" (LT1:268; Orion is called Telumehtar or Noldor", "one of the wise folk, Gnome". Cf. the gloss Menelmacar in mature Quenya)

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odnor rondo "a vaulted or arched roof, as contraction Corollairë) (SA:coron); Oiolossë seen from below" (and usually not visible from "Everwhite, Ever-snowwhite", a name of Taniquetil outside); "a (large) hall or chamber so roofed" (OY), hence the translation "Mount Everwhite" in (WJ:414; in the Etymologies, stem ROD, the gloss is Tolkien's rendering of Namárië. See also SA:los. simply "cave") Explicit "mount" in Oron Oiolossë "Mount odnorrasaC Casarrondo "Khazad-dûm", Everwhite" (WJ:403). Ablativic genitive Oiolossëo (WJ:388, 389) "from Mount Everwhite" in Namárië (Nam, odnoy yondo "son" (YÔ/YON); cf. the RGEO:67, OY) patronymic ending -ion. Early "Qenya" has yô, yond- oipia aipio "plum tree, cherry tree" (GL:18) , yondo "son" (LT2:342). According to LT2:344, ól ló "night, a night" (DO3/DÔ) these are poetic words, while yondo is the normal olám málo "friend" (MEL) word for "son" in mature Quenya. According to olam malo "pollen, yellow powder" (SMAL) LT2:344, yondo means "male descendant, usually olia ailo "lake, pool" (LT2:339; mature (great) grandson", but in mature Quenya, yondo Quenya has ailin) means "son", and the word is so glossed in LT2:342. oll -llo ablative ending, "from" or "out of", odnulu ulundo "monster, deformed and e.g. sindanóriello "out of a grey land", Rómello hideous creature" (ÚLUG) "from the East", Mardello *"from Earth" (FS). Pl. - odnum mundo (1) "bull" (Letters:422) llon or -llor (in elenillor); dual -lto (Plotz) odnum mundo (2) "snout, nose, cape" ollac callo ("k") "noble man, hero" (KAL) (MBUD) olle [ello] "call, shout of triumph" (GYEL (< odnuruaL Laurundo "Glorund" (> GEL) ) Glaurung). Also Undolaurë. (LT2:341) olley yello "call, shout of triumph" (GYEL) odnus sundo "base, root, root-word" (SUD), olleyn nyello "singer" (NYEL) sc. a Quendian consonantal "base" ollil -lillo or -lillon ending for partitive pl. odnut tundo "hill, mound" (TUN) ablative (Plotz); see -li odram mardo "dweller" (LT1:251) ollo ollo "cliff, seaward precipice" (also oldô odrom mordo (1) "shadow, obscurity, stain" - is this to be understood as the older form?) (MOR) (LT1:252) odrom mordo (2) "warrior, hero" (LT1:268 - ollocidnihT Thindicollo (Þindicollo) probably obsoleted by # 1 above) original form of Sindicollo, before the shift th > s oel lëo "shade, shadow cast by any object" (PM:337, there spelt with the special letter Þ, not the (DAY) digraph th) oev vëo "man" (WEG; etymologically ollocidniS Sindicollo (Þ) "Grey-cloak", title connected to vëa "manly, vigorous"; the more neutral of Elwë (Elu). Sindarin . (WJ:410, MR:217). word for "man" is nér.) (Sindi- in this name is a compound form of sindë, ogna ango pl. angwi "snake" q.v.) Original form Thindicollo (WJ:333). The (ANGWA/ANGU) Silmarillion appendix (SA:thin(d) ) gives Sindacollo. ognal [lango (2) "throat"] (followed by ollogniS Singollo (Þ) contraction of *langwi - this evidently indicates that the pl. of lango Sindicollo (Silm) is NOT langwi, but rather langor. Contrast ango olluc +cullo ("k") "red gold" (KUL) "snake", pl. angwi. But whatever the case, lango was olóc cólo ("k") "burden" (VT39:10) changed to lanco.) (LANG, see LANK) oloy yolo- "stink" (GL:41) ognal lango (1) "broad sword", also "prow oluc [culo, culu ("k") "gold" (substance)] of a ship" (LAG) (KUL; the word culu also occurred in early "Qenya" ognat tango "twang" (TING/TANG) [LT1:258], but in the Etymologies it was struck out. ognu ungo "cloud, dark shadow" (UÑG) Use malta.) oh ho "from" (3O); cf. hó- olús súlo "goblet" (SUG; see SUK) óh hó- verbal prefix; "away, from, from om -mo ending frequent in names and titles, among", the point of view being outside the thing, sometimes with an agental significance (WJ:400) place, or group in thought (WJ:368) omalaC #Calamo pl. Calamor ("k") (Q? - ohtogñiroM Moriñgotho oldest form of not Sindarin!) *"Light-Ones" = Light-Elves? (KAL) Moringotto, Morgoth (MR:194) omáN Námo (1) "Judge", name of a Vala, oio oio "an endless period" (CO) or "ever" normally called Mandos, properly the place where he (SA:los). Oiolairë "Ever-summer" (name of a tree, dwells (WJ:402) UT:167; also in the name Coron Oiolairë, "Mound of Ever-summer", assimilated corol- in the

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omán námo (2) "a person, somebody" omrocleyT Tyelcormo ("k") "hasty-riser", (PM:340 - use rather quen to avoid confusion with # mother-name (never used in narrative) of Turcafinwë 1) = Celegorm (PM:353) omanA Anamo "of doom" in Rithil- omuar raumo "(noise of a) storm" Anamo, q.v. Nominative *anama? or *anan (anam- (Markirya) )? omuruC Curumo *"Cunning One", omanA-lihtiR Rithil-Anamo "Ring of "" (UT:401) Doom", translation of the foreign word Máhanaxar omutoc cotumo ("k") "enemy" (KOT > that was adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:401). KOTH) Presumably *Risil-Anamo in Exilic Quenya. on no "under" (NÛ; all other sources give nu omayric ciryamo "mariner", nominative and instead. In early "Qenya", no meant "upon"; MC:214) genitive identical since the noun already ends in -o, ón nó (nów-, e.g. pl. nówi) "conception" (= cf. Indis i-Ciryamo "the Mariner's Wife" (UT:8) idea) (NOWO) omelógni ingólemo "one with very great onác cáno ("k") "commander", usually as the knowledge, a 'wizard' ", applied only to great sages of title of a lesser chief, especially one acting as the the Eldar in Valinor, like Rúmil (PM:360) deputy of one higher in rank (PM:345, SA:káno; omilav valimo "happy" (LT1:272; no PM:362 indicates that cáno originially meant "crier, adjectives end in -o in mature Quenya. Use valin.) herald"); "ruler, governor, chieftain" (UT:400) Masc. omilúS Súlimo (Þ) surname of Manwe name Cáno, see Canafinwë (wind-god) (THÛ, SA:sûl) onácret tercáno "herald" (PM:362) ominaV Vanimo (pl. Vanimor given), "the onácedniF Findecáno ("k") *"Hair- beautiful", children of the Valar (BAN), or "fair folk" commander"; Sindarized as Fingon (PM:344) = (men and) elves (UGU/UMU) onácuruT Turucáno ("k") "Turgon" ominavÚ Úvanimo "monster (creature of (PM:344) Melko[r]) (BAN, LT1:272); pl. úvanimor "monsters" onap pano "piece of shaped wood" (PAN) (UGU/UMU, (GÛ) ) onapma ampano "building" (especially of omiriM #Mirimo pl. Mirimor *"the Free", a wood), "wooden hall" (PAN) name of the Teleri (MIS) onáremliS Silmeráno "of silver moon" omitiaM Maitimo "well-shaped one", (MC:220; this is "Qenya") mother-name (never used in narrative) of Nelyafinwë onat tano "craftsman, smith" (TAN) = Maedhros (PM:353) onatnec centano ("k") "potter" (TAN) omitsI #Istimo pl. Istimor *"Wise Ones" = onayn nyano (prob. misreading for *nyaro) "Gnomes" (Noldor) (IS) "rat" (NYAD) omlaV Valmo "male Vala" (also Valon) onimlala alalmino "Elm"-something? (LT1:272; these forms may or may not be valid in (Narqelion) mature Quenya) onmas samno (Þ) "carpenter, wright, omlin nilmo "friend" (apparently masc.) builder" (STAB) (NIL/NDIL) onmutU Utumno name of the first great omlognebmaL #Lambengolmo pl. stronghold of Melkor in the North (SA:tum, TUB) Lambengolmor "Loremasters of Tongues", a school onrev verno "husband" (BES) founded by Fëanor (WJ:396) onritalah halatirno, also short halatir omlogni ingolmo "loremaster" (WJ:383) (halatirn-, as in dat.sg. halatirnen), "kingsfisher", omlon nolmo ("ñ") "wise person" (PM:360) etymologically "fish-watcher" (TIR, SKAL2, KHAL1) omlU Ulmo name of the Vala of all waters onroht thorno (Þorno) archaic/Vanyarin (ULU), interpreted "the Pourer" by folk etymology, form of sorno (Letters:427) but the name was actually adopted and adapted from onron norno (1) "oak" (DÓRON) Valarin (WJ:400) onroN Norno (2) "dwarf"; a personalized omran narmo ("ñ") "wolf" (ÑGAR(A)M; form of the adjective norna (WJ:413); Nornalië (not both the old form ñarmo = *ngarmo and the Third *Nornolië) the "Dwarf-people" as a whole (WJ:388) Age form narmo are given) onros sorno "eagle" (archaic thorno) omres sermo "friend" (evidently masc., (Letters:427). Also soron. Early "Qenya" has sor, since sermë is stated to be fem.) (SER) sornë (LT1:266) omrI Irmo "Desirer", name of a Vala; onroto otorno "brother, sworn brother, normally called Lórien, properly the place where he [male] associate" (TOR, WÔ). Cf. osellë. dwells (WJ:402) onuat tauno "forest" (LT1:267; mature Quenya taurë)

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opmut tumpo "hump" (TUMPU) orúS Súro (Þ) alternative form of Sauro(n) or -ro pronominal ending "he", in antaváro, (THUS) q.v. osto otso "seven" (SA:sîr, orabmat tambaro "woodpecker" (TAM) OT/OTOS/OTOK) orac [caro] ("k") "doer, actor, agent" (KAR; ót tó "wool" (TOW) replaced by tyaro) ot -to ending for dual genitive (Plotz) oracatho [ohtacaro] ("k") "warrior" (KAR) otar rato "soon" (Arct) oradnan nandaro ("ñ") "harper" otára aráto "champion, eminent man" (ÑGAN/ÑGÁNAD) (SA:ar(a) ) oraiaV Vaiaro a name of Ulmo, lord of otáradniF Findaráto *"Hair-champion", Vaiya (WAY) Sindarized as Finrod (SA:ar(a) ) oránaciA Aicanáro ("k") "Sharp Flame, Fell otáragnA Angaráto "Iron-champion", masc. Fire", masc. name; Sindarized as Aegnor. (So in name, Sindarin Angrod (SA:ar(a) ). SA:nár and PM:345; MR:323 has Aicanár.) othus suhto "draught" (SUK) oránaeF Fëanáro "Spirit of Fire", Fëanor otial laito, also laisi, "youth, vigour, new (SA:nár, PHAY). The word apparently includes the life" (LT1:267) masculine ending -o. otl -lto "they", pronominal suffix occurring oránayaF Fayanáro archaic form of in Fíriel's Song (meldielto "they are beloved" and Fëanáro (PM:343) cárielto "they made"), also in LT1:114: tulielto "they oranmec cemnaro ("k") "potter". (TAN) have come". Probably not valid in mature Quenya oratneuq quentaro ("q") "narrator" (KWET) (replaced by -ntë?) oratno ontaro "begetter, parent" (evidently otl -lto ending for dual ablative (Plotz) masc.); pl. ontari (see ontani) covers both sexes. otlav valto "luck" (LT1:272) (ONO) otlot tolto "eight" (TOL1-OTH/OT) oravat tavaro, tavaron "dryad, spirit of otlu ulto- "pour" (intransitive?) (LT1:270; in woods" (evidently masc.) (TÁWAR) mature Quenya ulya- pa.t. ullë) orayn *nyaro - see nyano otna anto (1) "mouth", also name of tengwa orayt tyaro "doer, actor, agent" (KAR) 13 (Appendix E) oriam mairo "horse" (GL:56; later sources otna anto (2) "giver" (m.) (ANA1) have rocco) otne ento "next" (Arct) oro oro "hill" (LT1:256; rather ambo in otnoro oronto, orontë "Sunrise" (LT1:264) mature Quenya) otrabmA Ambarto *"upwards-exalted", oro oro- "rise" (LT1:256; mature Quenya mother-name (never used in narrative) of Pityafinwë has orta-) = Amrod (PM:353, 354) orôkelebm *mbelekôro is mentioned as "the otrabmU Umbarto "Fated", mother-name oldest Q form" of Melkor; this is obviously a form (never used in narrative) of Telufinwë = Amras. The that belongs to rather than Quenya ominous name was altered to Ambarto by Fëanor. as we know it; note that it is asterisked as unattested (PM:353-354) (WJ:402) otram marto "fortune, fate, lot" (LT2:348) oróno onóro "brother" (of blood-kinship) otrama amarto "Fate" (also ambar) (TOR, NÔ (WÔ) ) (LT2:348; in mature Quenya rather umbar, umbart-) oronron nornoro- "run on, run smoothly" otro orto "mountain-top" (ÓROT) (LT1:263) otro orto- "raise" (LT1:256; in mature orouq quoro- ("q") "choke, suffocate" Quenya orta-) (LT1:264) otsa asto "dust" (ÁS-AT) orov voro, voro- "ever, continually" (BOR, otsam masto "village" (LT1:251) Narqelion) otso osto (1) "a strong or fortified building oruan nauro ("ñ") "werewolf" (ÑGAW) or place, strong place, fortress" (MR:350, 471; oruaS Sauro, Sauron (Þ) "the Abhorred", WJ:414); "city, town with wall round" (OS). name of a Maia. Earlier Thauron (SA:thaur, THUS), otso osto (2) "the gates of the Sun" archaic *thaurond- (Letters:380, where a special (LT1:264; this "Qenya" word is probably obsoleted letter is used instead of the digraph th) by # 1 above) oruen neuro "follower, successor" (NDEW) otsorúT Túrosto "Gabilgathol", a dwelling orúh húro "storm" (MC:214; this is of the Dwarves (Sindarin Belegost; the names mean "Qenya") "Mickleburg", "Great Fortress") orún núro "sunset" (NDÛ)

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otta atto "father" (hypocoristic, = *"dad") habitation], Earth, world" (MBAR). Ambar-metta (ATA, LR:49) "the end of the world" (EO) ottogniroM Moringotto "Black Foe", rabma ambar (2) "doom" (variant of Sindarin Morgoth. The oldest form is said to have umbar?) in Turambar (SA:amarth); instrumental been Moriñgotho (MR:194) ambartanen "by doom" (Silm ch. 21, UT:138). The ottom motto "blot" (MBOTH) early "Qenya" lexicon has ambar "Fate", also ottor rotto "a small grot or tunnel" (PM:365) amarto (LT2:348) otuarabmaN Nambarauto "hammerer of rabma ambar (3) "in bosom" (locative -r), copper [> metal]", masc. name (S Damrod) (RAUTÂ) nominative "bosom" presumably *amba (MC:213; otúl lúto "flood" (LT1:249) this is "Qenya") ouh huo "dog" (KHUG, see KHUGAN) rabmI Imbar "the Habitation, = Earth," also out tuo "muscle, sinew, vigour, physical "the principal part of Arda" (= the Solar System) strength" (TUG) (MR:337, also WJ:419 note 29) óv vó (actually spelt vô), also vondo, "son" rabmu umbar (umbart-, as in dat.sg. (LT2:336; in mature Quenya yondo) umbarten) "fate. doom" (MBARAT), also name of oviac caivo ("k") "corpse" (MC:221; mature tengwa 6 (Appendix E) Quenya has loico or quelet) rabmuL Lumbar name of a star (or planet), ovruC Curvo see Curufinwë tentatively identified with Saturn (MR:435), evidently oxa axo "bone", pl. axor in Markirya connected to lumbo, lumbulë (Silm) óy yó ["yô"], yond- see yondo. rabmuruT [Turumbar] (masc.name) oydni indyo "grandchild, descendant" (MBARAT) Changed by Tolkien to Turambar (ÑGYÔ/ÑGYON - read *inyo in Noldorin Quenya, rac car- "make, do, build" (1. pers. aorist that changed ndy to ny? Cf. Quenya for Quendya.) carin "I make, build"), pa.t. carnë (KAR); stem carë oyleN Nelyo see Nelyafinwë ("k") in the phrase áva carë "don't do it" (WJ:371); oyricaev vëaciryo ("k") "of sea-ship", carir "form", aorist pl. in the phrase i carir quettar genitive of #vëacirya ("k") (MC:216; this is "Qenya"; "those who form words" (WJ:391). Past participle see vëa # 2) carna, q.v. Some doubtful forms in Fíriel's Song: past oyroM Moryo see Morifinwë tense cárë ("káre") "made"; the form carnë (LR:362) oytiP Pityo see Pityafinwë is probably to be preferred in mature Quenya. Also oyúy yúyo "both" (YÛ) *cárië with various suffixes: cárier ("kárier") is pat tap- "stop, block" (the form tápë given translated "they made"; actually it seems to be an in the Etymologies is translated "he stops, blocks", augmentless perfect *"they have made", "they" being evidently the 3. person sg. aorist, though we would simply the plural ending -r. The literal meaning of rather expect *tapë); pa.t. tampë (TAP) cárielto ("kárielto") must also be *"they made" (cf. - pelet telep- see telpë lto). plus sulp- "lick" (LT1:266; rather lav- in rac car- ("k") "make, build" (1. pers. aorist mature Quenya) carin "I make, build"), pa.t. carnë (KAR) pot top- "cover" (1. pers. aorist topë rac car (card-) ("k") "deed" (rewritten >) "covers"), pa.t. tompë (TOP). Variant tup-, q.v. "building, house" (KAR) put #tup- "cover", isolated from untúpa, rác cár (cas-) ("k") "head" (KAS) q.v. Variant top- in the Etymologies. racadlE Eldacar masc. name, *"Elf- r -r nominative plural ending regularly used head"??? (Appendix A) on nouns ending in -a, -i, -ië, -o, -u, e.g. Ainur, racalaV Valacar masc. name, *"Vala- Valar, tier. head"??? (Appendix A) ra ar (1) "and" (AR2, SA, FS, Nam, racam macar (1) "swordsman" (VT39:11). RGEO:67, CO, LR:47, 56, MC:216) In Menelmacar. ra ar (2) "day", apparently short for árë, racam macar ("k") (2) "tradesman" seen in the names of the Valinorean week, e.g. Ar (MBAKH) Manwen "Day of Manwë". racamleneM Menelmacar "Swordsman of ra ar- (prefix) "outside" (AR2) the Sky", the Orion constellation (also called ra, arA ar-, ara- a prefixed form of the stem Telumehtar, Appendix E, first footnote) Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In Aracáno "high chieftain", racatho #ohtacar- stem of the past tense mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, ohtacárë (-"káre") "war-made", made war (+ allative cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230) = make war upon) (LR:47, SD:246; ohtacárië in rabma ambar (1) ("a-mbar") (dat.sg. LR:56). The past tense is probably *ohtacarnë in ambaron) "oikumenê [Greek: the earth as the human mature Quenya.

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racla alcar (so spelt in CO, otherwise [ca. 4826 m], supposing the equivalence to be exact" - "alkar") "glory, radiance, brilliance, splendour" close enough to our league of 5280 yards to justify (WJ:369, CO, AKLA-R; the latter source also lists an this translation. The basic meaning of lár is "pause"; alternative longer form alcarë) in marches a brief halt was made for each league. raclaniM Minalcar masc. name, *"First- (UT:285) glory"??? (Appendix A) rál lár (2) "ears", a pair of ears (LAS2) racleH Helcar, the Inland Sea in the north- ralabmA Ambalar "East" (MC:221; this is east of Middle-earth (helca "icy, icecold") "Qenya") radlama amaldar ??? (Narqelion; may ralátiuqnis sinquitálar ("q") ??? (Narqelion) include aldar "trees") ralh hlar- "hear", future tense hlaruva "shall radlamisíN Nísimaldar "Flagrant trees", a hear" in Markirya region in Númenor (UT:167; evidently #nísima ram mar- "abide, be settled or fixed" "flagrant", attested here only, + aldar "trees"). (UT:317); maruvan "I will abide" (mar-uva-n radleraT Tareldar "High-elves" (MR:349), "abide-will-I") (EO) sg. #Tarelda ram mar "earth", ablative Mardello "from radlereP Pereldar "Half-elven" (= Sindarin earth" (FS). May be more or less identical with már Peredhil) (Letters:282), in the Etymologies used of "home, house" (of persons or peoples; in names like the Danas or Nandor (PER). Sg. #Perelda. Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) radrav vardar "king" (LT1:273; rather aran (SA:bar). Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of in mature Quenya) men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251) rae ëar "sea" (AYAR/AIR [gives also dat. ramadlE Eldamar "Elvenhome" (ÉLED; sg. ëaren], WJ:413; see Letters:386 for etymology), found already in Narqelion), according to MR:176 pl. ëari "seas" (FS, LR:47); Eär "the Great Sea", another name of Tirion (see tir-). ablative Eärello "from the Great Sea", et Eärello ramadnE Endamar "Middle-earth" (EN, "out of the Great Sea" (EO). Compound ëaruilë MBAR, NDOR). However, Middle-earth is normally "seaweed" (UY). Found in names like Eärendil "Sea- called Endor, Endórë. friend", Eärrámë "Sea-wing" (SA), Eärendur masc. ramárremúN Númerrámar "West-wings", name, *"Sea-servant"; in effect a variant of Eärendil name of a ship (Númen + rámar, note assimilation (Appendix A). Used ="(professional) mariner" nr > rr) (UT:175) (Letters:386). Fem. name Eärwen "Sea-maiden" ramaynaF Fanyamar "upper air" (SPAN) (Silm); Eärrámë "Sea-wing", "Wings of the Sea", ramayniV Vinyamar *"New Dwelling" name of Tuor's ship (RAM, AYAR/AIR) (Silm) raem mëar "gore" (LT1:260) ramilaV Valimar "Vala-home", a region in raemól lómëar "child of gloom" (pl. Valinor, also called Valmar. In Namárië, this word is evidently Lómëarni) (LT1:255, 259) used = Valinor. (Nam, RGEO:67) rah #har- or #hára- "sit", pl. hárar in CO (i ramlaf falmar, falmarin (falmarind- or hárar "those who sit, those who are sitting") simply falmarin- as in pl. falmarindi [or falmarini]) rah har, harë "near" (LT1:253) "sea-spirit, nymph" (PHAL/PHÁLAS) rahaN Nahar the name of Oromë's horse, ramlaF-un-raM Mar-nu-Falmar "Home adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:401) under Waves", name of the sunken Númenor (Silm) rahollezE Ezellohar "the Green Mound" ramlaS Salmar (masc. name; etymology where the Two Trees grew; adopted and adapted from unclear - cf. salma?) (Silm) Valarin; also translated as Coron Oiolairë, ramlatraM Martalmar (name) (TALAM) Corollairë (WJ:401). The name must have become ramlattiM Mittalmar the "Midlands" of *Erellohar in Exilic Quenya. Númenor (UT:165) rahtavA Avathar name of the land between ramlaV Valmar alternative form of the southern Pelóri and the Sea, where Ungoliant Valimar, q.v. (Silm) dwelt; said to be "not Elvish" in WJ:404 and must be ramodloN Noldomar "Gnomeland" thought of as an adaption from Valarin; on the other (LT1:262). Would represent earlier *Ñoldomar and hand, MR:284 states that it is "ancient Quenya" and should be spelt accordingly in Tengwar. offers the interpretation "The Shadows". Whatever ramra armar "goods" (pl.) (3AR). Sg #arma the case, it must have become *Avasar in Exilic if there is a sg. Quenya. ramret termar- "stand" meaning last (ter- rál lár (1) "league", a linear measure, 5000 mar- "through-abide"); future tense termaruva in rangar (q.v.). A ranga was approximately 38 inches, CO. so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches rán nár "flame", also nárë (NAR1)

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ranA Anar "sun" (ANÁR, NAR1, SA:nár; Elessar may also be seen as a pun or variant of UT:22 cf. 51); anar "a sun" (Markirya); Anarinya Elesser "Elf-friend". "my Sun" (FS). See also Úr-anar. rat tar (1) "thither" (TA) ranagnul lunganar "sagged" (MC:221; this rat tar (2) "beyond" (FS) is "Qenya") rat -tar element meaning "king" or "queen" ranam manar "doom, final end, fate, in compounds and names (TÂ/TA3) fortune" (usually = final bliss) (MANAD (under raT Tar- element prefixed to the names of MAN) ) the Kings and Queens of Númenor (e.g. Tar- ranár-adlis silda-ránar "in gleaming-moon" Amandil); see their individual names (like Amandil (locative -r) (MC:213; this is "Qenya"; cf. sildë) in this case), also in Tareldar "High-elves"; see also ranár-agnim minga-ránar "in waning- Tarmenel. moon" (locative -r) (MC:213; this is "Qenya") rát tár pl. tári "king" (only used of the ranaroc coranar "sun-round", solar year legitimate kings of whole tribes); the pl. must not be (Appendix D; pl. coranári in PM:126) confused with the sg. tári "queen" (TÂ/TA3) rana-rÚ Úr-anar word occurring in Fíriel's rata atar "father" (SA; WJ:402, UT:193, Song, translated "the red sun"; actually the prefixed LT1:255). According to the Etymologies (ATA) the element úr- must have to do with the element ur- pl. is atari, but contrast #atári in Atanatári "Fathers "heat, be hot" mentioned in the Silmarillion of Men" (q.v.) Atarinya "my father" (LR:70). Appendix. ratalaV Valatar (Valatár- as in "gen.sg. ranéN Nénar name of a star (or planet), Valatáren", in mature Quenya dat.sg.) "Vala-king", evidently derived from nén "water" (Silm), applied to the nine chief Valar: Manwe, Ulmo, Aule, tentatively identified with Uranus (MR:435) Mandos, Lorien, Tulkas, Ossë, Orome, and Melko[r]. ranilavenrac carnevalinar ("k") "red-???" Note: This list, recorded in the Etymologies, differs (Narqelion; very early "Qenya") from the scenario of the published Silmarillion; Ossë ranmel lemnar "week" (of five days) is not a Vala in Tolkien's later conception. (BAL) (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK) ratanatA Atanatar masc. name, "Father of ranmeladlA Aldalemnar "week of the Trees, Men" (Appendix A), also common noun atanatar, pl. Midyear week" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK (GÁLAD, Atanatári, "Fathers of Men", a title that "properly YEN) ) belonged only to the leaders and chieftains of the ranmeleT Telemnar masc.name, "Silver- peoples at the time of their entry into Beleriand" flame" (Appendix A; for *Telep-nar) (PM:324, SA:atar) rannam mannar "into (the) hands", allative ratannA Annatar "Lord of Gifts, *Gift- pl. of má. (FS) lord", name assumed by Sauron when he tried to rannil -linnar or -linna ending for partitive seduce the Eldar in the Second Age (SA:tar) pl. allative (Plotz); see -li ratavúlI Ilúvatar "All-father", God (FS, IL; rannil -linnar see -li Ilúv-atar, ATA); Ilúvatáren "of Ilúvatar"; in the rao oar (1) = oa, q.v. "Qenya" of Fíriel's Song, LR:47 and SD:246, the rao oar (2) "child of the sea, merchild" genitive ending is -en instead of -o as in mature (LT1:263; hardly valid in mature Quenya) Quenya. Cf. the genitive Ilúvataro in the phrase Híni rarythe ehtyar "spearman" (EK/EKTE) Ilúvataro "Children of Ilúvatar" in the Silmarillion ras sar (sard-, as in pl. sardi) "(small) Index. stone" (SAR). In Elessar, q.v. rataynivnE Envinyatar "the Renewer" rasa asar (Vanyarin athar) "fixed time, (LotR3:V ch. 8) festival". Adopted and adapted from Valarin. ratcebmileT Telimbectar ("k") "Orion", lit. (WJ:399). Pl. asari is attested (VT39:31) "Swordsman of Heaven". Also Telimectar ("k"). rasaC Casar ("k") "Dwarf", pl. Casari or (LT1:268; mature Quenya Telumehtar) Casári, partitive plural Casalli. Adapted from ratcem mectar ("k") "Swordsman". In Dwarvish Khazâd. Telimectar ("k"). (LT1:268; mature Quenya mehtar) rasan nasar "red" (in Vanyarin Quenya ratcemileT Telimectar ("k") "Orion", lit. only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399) "Swordsman of Heaven". Also Telimbectar ("k"). rasat tasar, tasarë "willow-tree" (LT1:268; mature Quenya Telumehtar) (TATHAR). In Tasarinan *"Willow-valley", Nan- ratepmis simpetar "piper" (LT1:266) tasarion *"Valley of willows" (SA:tathar) ratewniT [Tinwetar] "star-queen, Queen of rasselE Elessar "Elf-stone" (Elen + sar, Stars", title of Varda (TIN, TÂ/TA3) actually *"Star-stone", cf. Elendil concerning elen ratham mahtar "warrior" (MAK) "star" being used to mean "Elf") (LotR3:V ch. 8). rathe [ehtar] "spearman" (EK/EKTE)

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rathemilaC Calimehtar masc.name, of Lost Tales 1 p. 267) (TÁWAR). In mature Quenya *"Bright Swordsman" (Appendix A) tavaro, tavaron masc. or tavaril fem. ratho ohtar "warrior, soldier" (UT:282) ravat tavar (1) "wood" (TÁWAR) ratnarA Arantar masc. name, *"King-Lord" ravat tavar (2), pl. tavarni, "dale-sprites" (Appendix A) (LT1:267; perhaps obsoleted by # 1 above) ratnE Entar "Thither Lands, Middle-earth, ravunén nénuvar "pool of lilles" (LT1:248) Outer Lands, East" (seen from Aman) (EN) ravuruc curuvar ("k") "wizard" (LT1:269 - ratnocleT Telcontar "Strider" (MR:216) but Gandalf, Saruman etc. were istari) ratnorewniT [Tinwerontar] "star-queen, raxanaháM Máhanaxar the "Doom Ring" of title of Varda" (TIN, TÂ/TA3) Aman; adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399) ratnoroS Sorontar (Þ) "King of Eagles", ray yar "to whom" (MC:215; this may be Sindarin Thorondor, name of a great Eagle "Qenya", but on the other hand both the relative (SA:thoron, THOR/THORON, TÂ/TA3) pronoun ya and an allativic ending -r are still valid in ratsI Istar "Wizard", used of Gandalf, mature Quenya, cf. mir "into") Saruman, Radagast etc. Pl. Istari is attested. Gen. pl. ráy yár (yar-, as in dat.sg. yaren) "blood" in the phrase Heren Istarion "Order of Wizards" (YAR; the Silmarillion appendix gives sercë instead) (UT:388) rayh hyar- "cleave" (1. pers. aorist hyarin "I ratso ostar "township" (LT2:336) cleave") (SYAD) ratsoh hostar "tribe" (LT2:340) rayh hyar "plough" (LT2:342) ratson #nostar pl. nostari "parents" rayn nyar- "to tell" (1. pers. aorist nyarin "I (LotR3:VI ch. 6, translated in Letters:308) tell") (NAR2) ratsoraT Tarostar masc. name, *"Lord of raynamaÚ Úmanyar "those not of Aman", ostar [?]" (Appendix A) Eldar that did not reach Aman, sc. Sindar and Nandor ratsoroF Forostar the "Northlands" of (SA:mân). Sg. #Úmanya. Also Úamanyar. Númenor (UT:165) rayt tyar- "cause" (KYAR) ratsorrayH Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" raytsi istyar "scholar, learned man" (IS) of Númenor (UT:165) re #er- "remain", verb (LT1:269; given in ratsorrO Orrostar the "Eastlands" of the form erin and glossed "remains"; erin would have Númenor (UT:165) to mean "I remain" in mature Quenya, if this word is ratsudnA Andustar the "Westlands" of to be adapted.) Númenor (UT:165) re er "one, alone" (ERE); "only, but, still" ratsunrayH Hyarnustar "the (LT1:269) Southwestlands" of Númenor rednE Ender (surname of Tulkas) (NDER, raum maur "dream, vision" (LT1:261) TULUK) ráuq quár (also quárë) "fist" (SA:celeb, rehatrA Artaher (Artahér-) "noble lord", KWAR; in the Etymologies, Tolkien first wrote quár masc. name (Sindarin Arothir) (PM:346) pl. quari, and quár is also found in PM:318. As rehayriC Ciryaher *"Ship-lord" (Appendix usual, the Etym forms have q instead of qu.) A) According to PM:318, the "chief use [of this word] rehodnO Ondoher masc.name, *"Stone- was in reference to the tightly closed hand as in using lord" (ondo alluding to Gondor, "stone-land") an implement or a craft-tool rather than to the 'fist' as (Appendix A) used in punching". rehotsO Ostoher masc. name, *"City-lord" rauqnirepleyT Tyelperinquar "Silver-fist, (Appendix A) Celebrimbor" (PM:318; also Telperinqar, q.v.) rein nier "honey-bee" (LT1:262) rava avar "recusant, one who refuses to act reiríc círier ("k") "clove" (MC:216; this is as advised or commanded"; pl. Avari Elves that "Qenya") refused to join in the westward march to Aman reissemún númessier "they are in the west", (WJ:371) The Etymologies gives Avar, Avaro pl. a construction occurring in Fíriel's Song, evidently Avari "Elves who never left Middle-earth or began núme(n)-ssë-ie-r "west-in-are-they"; the stative-verb the march" (AB/ABAR) suffix -ië is probably not valid in mature Quenya (FS) ravam mavar "shepherd" (LT1:268, GL:58) reitúl lútier "sailed" (MC:216; this is ravamiaT Taimavar "Shepherd of the Sky", "Qenya") 1 Orion (LT1:268; Orion is called Telumehtar or rél *lér "man" (NI ) hypothetical Q form of Menelmacar in mature Quenya) PQ dêr; the form actually used in Quenya was nér) ravaT #Tavar (3) pl. Tavari (name of the relep peler "fenced field" (Old English tún) "fays of the Woods" in early "Qenya"; see The Book (PEL(ES) )

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reles seler (Þ) (sell-, as in pl. selli) "sister" rinava avanir "unwill" (VT39:23) (THEL/THELES) ris sir- "flow" (SIR) releT Teler "sea-elf", pl. Teleri, general riste etsir "mouth of a river" (ET) (partitive) pl. Telelli, the third tribe of the Eldar rit tir- "watch, watch over, guard, heed", 1. (TELES (MIS) ), also called Lindar. Teleri means pers. aorist tirin "I watch", pa.t. tirnë (TIR), future "those at the end of the line, the hindmost", (WJ:382 tense tiruva "shall heed" in Markirya (also MC:213, cf. 371), derived from the stem tel- "finish, end, be 214); also in CO with pronominal endings: last" (SA:tel-). The Lindar were so called because tiruvantes "they will guard it" (tir-uva-nte-s "guard- they lagged behind on the march from Cuiviénen. In will-they-it"). The stem also occurs in palantíri early "Qenya", Teler, also Telellë, was defined "little (q.v.), Tirion "Great Watchtower", a city of the Elves elf" (LT1:267), but this is certainly not a valid gloss (SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is "Watchful City") in mature Quenya. ritalah halatir (halatirn-, as in dat.sg. rem mer- "wish, desire, want" (the form halatirnen), also halatirno, "kingsfisher", merë given in Etym seems to be the 3. person sg. etymologically "fish-watcher" (TIR, SKAL2, KHAL1) aorist, *"wishes, desires, wants"); pa.t. mernë (MER) rítnalap palantír (pl. palantíri) *"Far-seer", rén nér (ner-, as in pl. neri) "man" (adult the magic far-seeing stones made by the Noldor in the male - elf, mortal, or of other speaking race) First Age (SA:palan, PAL). For etymology, see (MR:213, DER, NDER, NI1) Letters:427. Also Palantir masc. name, "Far-sighted" renaev vëaner "(adult) man" (WEG) (Appendix A, SA:palan, PAL, TIR. renagnil linganer "hummed like a harp- ritnemrayH Hyarmentir (name of a string" (MC:216; this is "Qenya") mountain; the element -tir means *"watch[ing renatsual laustaner 'lausted', past tense ("not point]".) (SA:hyarmen) 'roared' or 'rushed' but made a windy noise" - but in ritsaniM Minastir masc. name, *"Tower- MC:220, Tolkien himself translated laustanéro as watcher" (Appendix A) "rushed") (MC:216; this is "Qenya") ritsinraC Carnistir "red-face", masc. name, rer rer- "to sow" (1. pers. aorist rerin "I mother-name (never used in narrative) of Morifinwë sow"), pa.t. rendë (RED) = Caranthir (PM:353) res -ser "friend" (SER) ro or "over" (CO); in early "Qenya", this res ser- "rest" (1. pers. aorist serin "I rest"); preposition was also defined as "on, upon" (LT1:256, pa.t. probably *sendë (SED; cf. rer- pa.t. rendë from MC:216) RED concerning the past tense) rocleM Melcor (so spelt in MR:362) see resselE Elesser (masc. name = Old English Melkor Ælfwine, Elf-friend) (SER) rocleM Melkor (spelt Melcor in MR:362), ret ter, terë "through" (Notes on CO, the rebellious Vala, the devil of the Silmarillion UT:317, TER/TERES, Narqelion) mythos. Older form Melkórë "Mighty-rising" (hence reyús súyer ??? (Narqelion) the interpretation "He that arises in power"). Oldest rif fir- "die, fade" (cf. fifíru-); aorist (?) fírë form *mbelekôro (WJ:402). Melkorohíni "Children "expire"; augmentless perfect fírië, translated "she of Melkor", ("but the wiser say: nay, the slaves has breathed forth" (but no explicit element meaning of Melkor; but not his children, for Melkor had no "she" seems to be present) (MR:250, 470) children") (MR:416) rih hir- "find", future tense hiruva in rodlen neldor "beech" (LT2:343) Namárië (hiruvalyë "thou shalt find") (Nam, rodn -ndor "land" in compounds RGEO:67) (Letters:308, UT:253) ril lir- "to chant" (1. pers. aorist lirin "I rodnalaV Valandor "the land of the Valar", chant, I sing") (LIR1, GLIR) confused with and replaced by Valinórë "the people ril lir' ??? (Narqelion) of the Valar", short form Valinor (SA:dôr, Silm) rim mir (1) "to the inside, into" (also minna) rodnarA Arandor "Kingsland" (UT:165). (MI) rodnE Endor "Middle-earth" (SA:dôr, rim mir (2) "one" (LT1:260; in mature NDOR), "centre of the world" (EN); also long form Quenya minë) Endórë "Middle-earth" (Appendix E); allative rimanatA Atanamir masc.name, *"Edain- Endorenna "to Middle-earth" in EO. jewel"? (Appendix A). rodnemúN Númendor "land of the west", rimatrA Artamir "Noble jewel", masc. name confused with and replaced by Númen(n)órë "people (Appendix A) of the west" (SA:dôr) rimatsaC Castamir masc. name, "casta[?]- jewel" (Appendix A)

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rodni indor "master (of house), lord" "Qenya Lexicon", Valinor, Valinórë is glossed (LT2:343; probably obsoleted together with indo "Asgard", the name of the city of the gods in Norse "house", q.v.) mythology (LT1:272). Possessive (here object rodnirevÍ Íverindor "Ireland" (LT2:344); genitive) Valinóreva in Nurtalë Valinóreva, the also *Íverin, Íverind-. "Hiding of Valinor" (Silm). rodnoraT Tarondor masc. name, *"Lord of ros sor, sornë "eagle" (LT1:266); rather Ondor (Gondor)" (Appendix A) sorno, soron in mature Quenya rogni ingor "summit of a mountain" rov vor, voro "ever" (BOR, LT1:250, 273 (PM:340) [only voro in the Etymologies]; also in Narqelion) roip pior ??? (Narqelion) rovurim miruvor, full form miruvórë rol lor- "to slumber" (LT1:259; the "meed", "a special wine or cordial"; possessive corresponding abstract noun lórë "slumber" is miruvóreva "of meed" (Nam, RGEO:66; WJ:399) In attested in mature Quenya, so this verb must still be the "Qenya Lexicon", miruvórë was defined "nectar, valid). Cf. also lor "dream" (Letters:308; probably drink of the Valar" (LT1:261). just an Elvish "element" rather than a complete word) rú úr "fire" (UR) This stem was struck out in roll -llor ending for plural ablative; also - Etym, but a word that must be derived from it occurs llon in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it. Early rolo olor "dream", noun (LOS, ÓLOS, "Qenya" also has Ûr "the Sun" (also Úri, Úrinci LT1:259 [the latter source also gives olórë]); perhaps ("k"), Urwen) (LT1:271). Cf. Úri. changed by Tolkien to olos, q.v. rud -dur see -ndur rolos solor "surf" (SOL); solor, solossë rudleneM Meneldur masc. name, *"Heaven- "surf, surge" (LT1:266) servant" (Appendix A) rom mor "darkness" (Letters:308; probably rudlisI Isildur (masc.name., *"Moon- just an Elvish "element" rather than a complete word; servant") (SA:sil, Appendix A, NDÛ) Namárië has mornië for "darkness") rudn -ndur (also -dur) ending in some romureH Herumor *"Black Lord" names, like Eärendur; as noted by Christopher rón nór "land" (as opposed to sea; nor in Tolkien in the Silmarillion Appendix it has much the Letters:308). Longer, more usual form nórë, q.v. same meaning as -ndil "friend"; yet -ndur properly ronadlE Eldanor "Elvenland", regions of means "servant of" (SA:(n)dil), "as one serves a Valinor where the Elves dwelt and the stars could be legitimate master: cf. Q. arandil king's friend, royalist, seen (MR:176) beside arandur 'king's servant, minister'. But these ronaemól… Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna often coincide: e.g. Sam's relation to Frodo can be Tumbaletaurëa Lómëanor "Forestmanyshadowed- viewed either as in status -ndur, in spirit -ndil." deepvalleyblack Deepvalleyforested Gloomyland", (Letters:286) Quenya elements agglutinated in Entish fashion; this rudnalaV Valandur masc. name, *"Vala- supposedly means something like "there is a black servant" (Appendix A) shadow in the deep dales of the forest" (LotR2:III ch. rudnelE Elendur masc. name, *"Star- 4; translated in Appendix F under ""; cf. also servant", probably intended to mean *"Elf-servant"; Letters:308) in effect a variant of Elendil (Appendix A) ronanrA Arnanor, Arnanórë "Arnor", rudneleP Pelendur masc.name, *"Fence- Royal Land (so #arna = "royal"?) (Letters:428) servant"??? (Appendix A) ronayriF Firyanor = Hildórien, the place rudneluA Aulendur "Servant of Aulë", where mortal men first awoke, like the Elves did at applied especially to those persons, or families, Cuiviénen (PHIR) among the Noldor who actually entered Aulë's service ronemúN Númenor "Westernesse", the great and in return received instruction from him (PM:366) isle given to the Edain by the Valar (FS, LR:56); full rudnemeC Cemendur masc. name, *"Earth- form Númenórë; see Númen(n)orë. servant" (Appendix A) ronewiA Aiwenor, Aiwenorë (read ruf fur- "to conceal, to lie" (LT2:340) *Aiwenórë?) "Birdland" = lower air (AIWÊ) runiuF Fuinur (misprint "Fuinar" in the roniagnA Angainor the chain with which Silmarillion Index) masc. name, evidently derived Melkor was bound (Silm), transparently including from fuinë "shadow" (Silm; cf. the stem PHUY in the anga "iron". Etymologies) ronilaV Valinor "the land (or people) of the runraE Eärnur masc.name, contraction of Valar", *"Vali-land" (Vali = Valar), land of the Gods Eärendur (Appendix A) in the West (BAL, NDOR); cf. Valandor. Full form rut tur "king" (LT1:260); rather aran in Valinórë (BAL; Vali-nórë under NDOR) In the early mature Quenya, but cf. the verb tur-.

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rut tur- "wield, control, govern" (1. pers. that may function as a kind of deitic particle here: aorist turin "I wield" etc.), pa.t. turnë (TUR) *"Behold the Eagles..." rutayniM Minyatur "First-ruler"; Tar- selem meles, melessë "love" (LT1:262; Minyatur "High First-ruler", title of Elros as the first rather melmë in mature Quenya) King of Númenor (SA:minas, PM:348, SA:tur) set -tes ending for dual "respective" (Plotz) rutnaeF #Fëantur pl. Fëanturi "Masters of seuqe eques (equess-, as in pl. equessi) "a Spirits", name of the two Valar Mandos and Lórien saying, dictum, a quotation from someone's uttered (SA:fëa, SA:tur) words, a current or proverbial dictum" (WJ:392); I rutnaF Fantur "lord of cloud", surname of Equessi Rúmilo "the Sayings of Rúmil" (WJ:398) Mandos (SPAN, TUR) sewrein nierwes "hive" (LT1:262) rutnafolO Olofantur "lord of Dream-cloud", seyneivútu utúvienyes see *tuv- surname of the Vala Lórien (ÓLOS, SPAN) si is "light snow" (LT1:256) rutnafuruN Nurufantur "lord of Death- si -is ending for plural "respective" (Plotz) cloud", surname of Mandos (SPAN, ÑGUR) sidni indis is translated "wife" in UT:8; but rutsalaF Falastur masc. name, *"Shore- is assigned the meaning "bride" in other places; use lord" (Appendix A) rather vessë for "wife". Indis "Bride", name of the s -s (1) pronominal ending "it", seen in goddess Nessa (NDIS-SÊ/SÂ (NETH, NI1, NDER, I) tiruvantes and utúvienyes, q.v. May also be used for ); Indis Nessa *"Bride Nessa", title and name of the "he/she" as in eques; it seems that -s covers the entire Valië (NETH) 3. person singular. sil lis (liss-, e.g. dat.sg. lissen) "honey" (LIS) s -s (2) ending for the mysterious case silap palis "sward, lawn" (LT1:264) sometimes called "respective". Pl. -is, dual -tes, silatseva avestalis "January" (LT1:252; partitive pl. -lis. mature Quenya has Narvinyë) saf fas, fatsë "tassel" (GL:34) silaV Valis "female Vala" (also Valdë) sakluT Tulkas (Tulkass-, as in dat.sg. (LT1:272; in mature Quenya Valië) Tulkassen) name of a Vala, adopted and adapted siliccileiN Nieliccilis ("k") "little Niéle" from Valarin (WJ:399, TULUK) (MC:215; this is "Qenya") salaf falas (falass-), falassë "shore, beach" Silindo "Jupiter" (LT1:265; this planet is called (LT1:253, LT2:339); falassë "shore, line of surf" Alcarinquë in mature Quenya) (SA:falas), "beach" (PHAL/PHÁLAS); Falassë siliuqim miquilis ("q") "kisses" (noun) Númëa "Western Surf" (LT1:253) (MC:215; this is "Qenya") salat talas "sole" (LT2:347; mature Quenya sín nís (niss-, as in pl. nissi) "woman" has tallunë) (MR:213. The Etymologies gives nis (or nissë) pl. sam -mas element in placenames, equivalent nissi: see the stems NDIS-SÊ/SÂ, NI1, NIS (NÊR). to English -ton, -by (LT1:251; may or may not be However, the MR forms are to be preferred.) valid in mature Quenya) sinialaC Calainis ("k") "May" (LT1:252, samoic coimas "life-bread" = Sindarin 254; in mature Quenya Lótessë) lembas (SA:cuivië, PM:395); coimas Eldaron "the sirao oaris (oarits-), also oarwen, coimas of the Eldar" (PM:395) "mermaid" (LT1:263; read perhaps ëar- for oar- in sapóc [cópas] "harbour", see cópa, hópa. mature Quenya) saracrac carcaras, carcassë ("k") "row of siriacA Acairis ("k") fem. name, "bride" spikes or teeth" (LT2:344 - mature Quenya has (LT1:252; in mature Quenya, "bride" is indis) carcanë, but these words, especially carcassë, may siric ciris ("k") "cleft, crack" (LT2:337 - still be valid) obsoleted by cirissë?) saraynafrA Arfanyaras (*Arfanyarass-), sirit tiris "watch, vigil" (LT1:258) Arfanyarassë a "variant or close equivalent" of siuqil liquis ("q") "transparence" (LT1:262) Taniquetil (WJ:403) siuqin niquis "frost-patterns", also niquessë satlep peltas (peltax-, as in pl. peltaxi by association with quessë "feather" (WJ:417). In ["ks"]) "pivot" (PEL, TAK) early "Qenya", the gloss was simply "snow" savat tavas "woodland" (LT1:267) (LT1:266). sayricrA Arciryas masc. name (evidently so os (ost-) "house, cottage" (LT2:336; derived from *arcirya "royal ship") (Appendix A) hardly valid in mature Quenya - use coa or mar) se es unidentified word in the phrase es sodnaM Mandos (Mandost-) "Castle of sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at Custody" (the approximate meaning, according to hand" (SD:290); possibly an assimilated form of en, MR:350) Used as the name of a Vala, properly the place where he dwells (the Halls of Mandos), while

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his real name is Námo (WJ:402). In the Etymologies, tauq quat- "fill" (WJ:392), future Mandos (also Mandossë) is interpreted somewhat #quantuva "shall fill" (enquantuva "shall refill") differently, "Dread Imprisoner" (MBAD (MANAD) (Nam, RGEO:67) ). See also Mando. tay yat (yaht-) "neck" (YAK) soh hos "folk" (LT2:340) te et "out" (+ ablative: "out of"); Also prefix soirit tirios "a town with walls and towers" et- "forth, out" (ET); ettuler *"are coming forth" (LT1:258) (ettul- = et + tul-). (SD:290; read probably *ettulir solám málos "forest" (LT2:342 - rather or continuative *ettúlar in mature Quenya). taurë in mature Quenya) tece ecet ("k") "short broad-bladed sword" solenemrA Armenelos City of the Kings in (UT:284) Númenor (ar-menel-os(to) "royal-heaven-city"???) telempë "silver" (LT1:268; in mature Quenya telpë, solo †olos "(2) snow, fallen snow" (prob. also found in early "Qenya") oloss-), also †olossë (GOLOS) telen nelet pl. nelci ("k") "tooth" (NÉL-EK) solo olos (1) "dream, vision" (olor-, as in pl. teleuq quelet ("q") (quelets-, as in pl. olori from earlier olozi) (UT:396). Cf. olor. queletsi) "corpse" (KWEL) solot tolos "knob, lump" (LT1:269) tem met "us (two)", including the dual sonemroF Formenos "Northern Fortress" ending -t. Me (LR:56) evidently means "we". (SA:formen) temorO Oromet place-name of obscure su #us- "escape", verb (given in the form meaning (Silm) usin "he escapes" in LT1:251; this would have to teret teret "auger, gimlet" (LT1:255) mean "I escape" if the word is to be adopted to mature tesseuq quesset ("q") "pillow"; probably Quenya). Cf. uswë. *quessec- since the Sindarin cognate pesseg points to t -t (1) dual ending, denoting a pair of a primitive form *kwessek- (compare filit, filic-) something: máryat "her (pair of) hands" (Nam). (KWES) Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: teuq quet- "say, speak" (SA:quen-/quet-, genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, LT2:348), pa.t. quentë in PM:401, 404. Cf. also allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, #maquet- "respective" -tes. teuqadlE Eldaquet ("q") apparently another t -t (2) "them", pronominal ending; seen in name of Qenya (LT2:348) the word laituvalmet "we shall bless them" (lait-uva- teuqam #maquet- *"ask", only attested in lme-t "bless-shall-we-them"). Also independent word the past tense: maquentë (PM:403) te. teuqáv váquet- (1. pers. aorist váquetin and t -t (3) reduced pronominal affix of the 2. 1. pers. past tense váquenten are given) "to say no" person, "you" (sg.). See heca! (WJ:364) (not denying that something is true, but denying to do tah hat- pa.t. hantë "break asunder" (SKAT) or to allow something: "to say I will not/do not"; "to tahret terhat- "break apart" (SKAT), past refuse", "to forbid" (WJ:370, 371) tense terhantë "broke" (LR:47/56) teuqava avaquet- ("q") "refuse, forbid" tala alat- *"large, great in size" (root (KWET) meaning) (ÁLAT). In Alatairë. thay yaht- see yat (YAK) talat talat- a stem used for "slipping, sliding, tilif filit (filic- ("k"), as in pl. filici) "small falling down" (Letters:347), cf. talta- and talantië bird" (PHILIK) talodnA Andolat (hill-name, = Sindarin tiril lirit "poem" (LT1:258) Dolad) (NDOL) tn -nt ending for dual dative (Plotz) tam mat- "eat" (MAT), also given as mata- tneuq quent ("q") "word" (LT2:348; in (VT39:5), pa.t. mantë "ate" (VT39:7) mature Quenya quetta) tan nat "thing" (NÂ2) tolegniV Vingelot, Vingilot, Vingilótë tanal lanat "weft" (LAN) "Foam-flower", name of Eärendil's ship (SA:wing, tanú únat "a thing impossible to be or to be Silm) done" (VT39:26) Cf. ú- and nat. tolegniW Wingelot, Wingelótë "foam- tapayh hyapat "shore" (SKYAP) flower", name of Earendel's [sic] boat (WIG, LOT(H) taras sarat (pl. given) "letter", any ) individual significant mark, used of the letters of toligniV Vingilot, Vingelot, Vingilótë Rúmil after the invention of Fëanor's tengwar "Foam-flower", name of Eärendil's ship (SA:wing, (WJ:396) Silm) Tarcil ("k") masc. name, *"High-man", also used to mean Númenórean (Appendix A, TUR, KHIL)

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toligniw wingilot "foamflower, Eärendel's udneuq quendu *"Elvish man", pl. quendur boat" (LT1:273; in mature Quenya Wingelot, given (MR:229; changed from quendo pl. quendor) Wingelóte) udnu undu "down, under, beneath" (UNU), tollemúf fúmellot "poppy" (also fúmella) prefix undu- "down", in undulávë "down-licked" = (LT1:253) covered. Lumbulë undulávë ilyë tier "(heavy) ton not- "reckon" (NOT); past participle shadow down-licked all paths", lyrical translation "all nótina "counted, *reckoned" (FS). paths are drowned deep in shadow" tono onot- "count up" (NOT) udnuc cundu ("k") "prince" (KUNDÛ) toraváN Návarot "Nogrod" (< Novrod), udru urdu "death" (LT2:342; rather nuru in Hollowbold, a dwelling of the Dwarves (WJ:389) mature Quenya) tram mart "a piece of luck" (LT2:348; in uep peu "the two lips, the mouth-opening" mature Quenya, no word can end in -rt. Read marto, (VT39:9). as in LT2:348?) úl lú "a time, occasion" (LU) tram mart- "it happens" (impersonal) ulap palu- "open wide, spread, expand, (LT2:348 - read marta-?) extend" (PAL) tsala alast- "marble" (GL:39). Some final ulec celu ("k") "stream" (LT1:257; rather vowel would obviously be required - read *alasta? Or celumë in mature Quenya) *alas, becoming alast- before an ending? ulI Ilu "(the) world" (FS, LR:47, 56), tsuar raust "hunting, preying" (LT1:260; in "universe" (IL); ilu "everything, all, the whole" (of mature Quenya *roimë [misreading "raime" in the universe also including God and all souls and LR:384]. No word can end in -st in mature Quenya.) spirits, which are not properly included in the term tun nut- "tie" (1. pers. aorist nutin "I tie") Eä; see VT39:20) (NUT) ulu ulu- "pour" (transitive?) (LT1:270; in Turambar masc. name, "Master of Doom/Fate", mature Quenya ulya- pa.t. ulyanë) name taken in pride by Túrin (Appendix A, SA:tur, uluc [culo, culu ("k") "gold" (substance)] TUR, MBARAT) (KUL; the word culu also occurred in early "Qenya" u u- "not do, not be" (1. pers. aorist uin "I do [LT1:258], but in the Etymologies it was struck out. not, am not"), pa.t. úmë (UGU/UMU) Use malta.) ú ú- (prefix) "not-, un-, in-", denying ulut tulu- "fetch, bring, bear; move, come" presence or possession of thing or quality (VT39:14, (LT1:270; probably obsoleted by tulta- in mature UGU/UMU, GÛ, LT1:272) Quenya) ua au- (1) a verbal prefix "off, *away", as in uluy yulu- "carry" (GL:38) auciri ("k") "cut off" (so as to get rid of or lose a uma amu- "raise" (LT2:335; mature Quenya portion); contrast hóciri (WJ:365, 368) has orta-) ua au- (2) privative prefix, = "without" uma amu "up, upwards" (LT2:335; in (AWA) mature Quenya amba) ual lau "no indeed not, on the contrary" un nu "under" (LR:56, Markirya, Nam, ("also used for asking incredulous questions") (LA) RGEO:66, MC:214; the Etymologies alone gives no uaqlaf falqua ("q") "cleft, mountain pass, [q.v.] instead) ravine" (LT2:341) unah hanu "a male (of Men or Elves), male uar rau (pl. rávi) "lion" (LT1:260; the pl. is animal" (3AN) valid in mature Quenya, but the sg. has become rá) unal lanu "lead" (LT1:268) úc cú ("k") "arch, crescent" (KU3); "crescent unam manu "departed spirit" (MAN) Moon" (LT1:271; the long vowel was denoted by a unE Enu "the Almighty Creator who dwells circumflex rather than an accent in the early "Qenya" without the world" (LT2:343 - in mature Quenya lexicon) Eru) uc cu, cua ("k") "dove" (KÛ) unel lenu- "stretch" (LT2:341) ucarat taracu- ("k") "ox" (LT2:347, GL:69) unén nénu "yellow water-lily" (LT1:248) ucin nicu- ("k") "be chill, cold (of weather)" uniA Ainu "holy one, angelic spirit"; fem. (WJ:417) Aini (AYAN, LT1:248); "one of the 'order' of the udnam mandu "abyss" (MC:214; this is Valar and Maiar, made before Eä"; pl. Ainur attested. "Qenya" - mature Quenya has undumë) Adopted and adapted from Valarin (WJ:399). In the udnamagnA Angamandu see Andamando early "Qenya lexicon", ainu was glossed "a pagan (LT1:249) god", and aini was similarly "a pagan goddess", but udnamerE Eremandu "Hells of Iron", a as Christopher Tolkien notes, "Of course no one name of Angband (LT1:249) within the context of the mythology can call the

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Ainur 'pagan' " (LT1:248). Ainulindalë "Music of the urún núru- "growl (of dogs), grumble" Ainur" (SA:lin #2), the First History (WJ:406), the (LT1:263). Perhaps replaced by nurru- (q.v.) in Song of Creation (AYAN) mature Quenya. uniaf fainu- "release" (LT1:250) urun nuru, Nuru "death, Death" (ÑGUR). upalh hlapu- "blow; fly or stream in the This would represent earlier *ñuru and should be wind", participle hlápula "blowing" in Markirya spelt accordingly in Tengwar writing. When úR Rú "Drûg", Rúatan pl. Rúatani personalized, Nuru refers to Mandos. Cf. "Drúedain" (UT:385) Nurufantur. urat taru "horn" (LT2:337, 347; mature urús súru "wind" (MC:213, 216, 220; this is Quenya tarca) "Qenya"; mature Quenya has súrë) uray yaru "gloom, blight" (GL:37) urut turu- "kindle" (LT1:270; rather tinta- urE Eru "the One", God, a name reserved in mature Quenya) for the most solemn occasions (WJ:402), genitive urut turu "wood" (properly firewood, but Eruo (MR:329). used of wood in general) (LT1:270) ureh heru- "to rule" (LT1:272; rather tur- in uruyt tyuru- "to 'turn' milk, make cheese" mature Quenya) (QL:50, cf. GL:28) ureh heru (hér-) "lord, master" (PM:210, ús sú "noise of wind" (LT1:266; "Qenya" KHER, LT1:272); Letters:283 gives hér (heru); spelling sû) heruion evidently a gen.pl. of heru "lord": *"of the utul lutu- "flow, float" (LT1:249) lords" (SD:290); uvul luvu- "lower, brood" (LT1:259) urev veru "husband and wife, married pair" uvut tuvu- "receive" (GL:71) (BES) uynataf fatanyu "hell" (GL:51) urífif fifíru- is evidently the frequentative val lav- (1) "lick", pa.t. #lávë in undulávë, (see sisíla-) form of fir-; according to MC:223 it see undu (Nam); 1. person aorist lavin "I lick" in the means "slowly fade away"; participle fifírula in Etymologies (LAB) Markirya (translated "fading") val lav- (2) "yield, allow, grant" (DAB) urom moru- "to hide" (LT1:261) vayt tyav- "taste" (1. pers. aorist tyavin "I urrun nurru- "murmur, grumble" (cf. taste") (KYAB) "Qenya" núru-); participle nurrula in Markirya, vut #tuv- "find", perfect utúvië "has found" changed to nurrua, perhaps a kind of verbal adjective in Aragorn's exclamation when he found the sapling of the same meaning (translated "mumbling" in of the White Tree: utúvienyes "I have found it" MC:215) (utúvie-nye-s "have found-I-it") (LotR3:VI ch. 5) uru uru "fire" (LT1:271) wac caw- "bow" ("k") (1. pers aorist cawin uruc curu "skill" in Curufin, Curufinwë, "I bow") (LT1:257; cf. cauka, cauko) Curunir (SA:curu). In early "Qenya", this word (spelt kuru) was glossed "magic, wizardry" (LT1:269) uruf furu "a lie" (LT2:340, GL:36) urum muru- "to slumber" (LT1:261)

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