Guangxi Nanning Environmental Urban Environmental Upgrading

Environmental Assessment Report

Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 37596 January 2006

PRC: Guangxi Nanning Urban Environmental Upgrading Project

Prepared by government agency for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of January 2006)

Currency Unit – CNY CNY 1.00 = $0.123968 $1.00 = CNY 8.06660

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB — Asian Development Bank AP — affected persons BOD — biochemical oxygen demand CMC — construction monitoring consultant CFU — colony forming units CO2 — carbon dioxide COD — chemical oxygen demand CSC — construction supervision company EIA — environmental impact assessment EMC — environmental management consultant EMP — environmental management plan EPB — Environmental Protection Bureau FSR — feasibility study report GEPB — Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau GDP — gross domestic product GZAR — Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region NPMO — Nanning project management office NEPB — Nanning Environmental Protection Bureau H2S — hydrogen sulfide IA — implementing agency LEMS — local environmental monitoring station MLSS — minimum living standard scheme NH3-N — ammonia nitrogen NO2 — nitrogen dioxide NH3 — ammonia NMG — Nanning Municipal Government O&M — operation and maintenance O2 — oxygen pH — factor of acidity PMO — project management office PM10 — particulate matter with particle size below 10 microns PMU — project management unit PPTA — project preparatory technical assistance PPMS — project performance monitoring system PRC — the People’s Republic of China RP — resettlement plan

SEIA — summary environmental impact assessment SEPA — State Environmental Protection Administration SS — suspended solids TSP — total suspended particles WCB — Water Conservancy Bureau WWTP — wastewater treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

cm3 — cubic centimeter ha — hectare hm2 — square hectometer kg — kilogram km — kilometer km2 — square kilometer l — liter mg — milligram mg/l — milligram per liter m2 — square meter mm — millimeter m/s — meter per second m3/day — cubic meter per day m3/s — cubic meter per second t/yr — ton per year yr — year

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year of the Government coincides with the calendar year. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

CONTENTS

Page MAPS

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4

A. General Project Setting and Physical Environment 4 B. River System and Hydrology 4 C. Water Quality 5 D. Ecological Environment 5 E. Social and Economic Conditions 7

IV. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 8

A. With and Without the River Upgrading Subprojects 8 B. Wastewater Collection and Treatment Alternatives (Kelijiang Subproject) 8 C. Sewerage Pumping Schemes and Sites (Xinxujiang and Kelijiang 9 Subprojects) D. Alternative Flushing Schemes (Xinxujiang and Kelijiang Subprojects) 9 E. Alternative Sediment Disposal (Xinxujiang and Kelijiang Subprojects) 10 F. Alternative Sludge Dredging (Xinxujiang and Kelijiang Subprojects) 10 G. With and Without the Qingxiushan Ecological Park Subproject 10 H. Alternative Tree Planting Scales (Qingxiushan Ecological Park Subproject) 11 I. With and Without Solid Waste Transfer Station Subproject 11 J. Alternative Transfer Station Sites (Solid Waste Subproject) 11

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION 12

A. Positive Impacts 12 B. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Construction Phase 13 C. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Operation Phase 16 D. Resettlement 18

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 19

VII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT 19

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 21

A. Environmental Management 21 B. Environmental Monitoring 21 C. Institutional Strengthening 22

IX. CONCLUSIONS 22

A. Project Risks 22 B. Benefits 23

APPENDIXES:

1. References 24 2. Environmental Management Plan 25

Figure 1: Location Map of the Project Area

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GUANGXI NANNING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA H U N A N

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Hechi Yishan Lipu Liuzhou

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V I E T N A M Chongzuo GUANGXI NANNING URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE G U A N G D O N G DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Pingxing Minning Qinzhou Fangcheng Dongxing 22 o 00'N 22 o 00'N Beihai

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Kilometers G u l f o f T o n k i n

Provincial Capital City/Town National Road Provincial Road Railway H A I N A N River Provincial Boundary International Boundary Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.

106 o 00'E 111 o 00'E Source: Asian Development Bank. 05-5865e RM

A LOCATION OF SUBPROJECTS OF NANNING URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL

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I. INTRODUCTION

1. Nanning, the capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is the political, economic, and cultural center of GZAR (Map 1). Nanning municipality covered 22,112 square kilometers (km2), encompassing six suburban counties and six districts in the main urban area in 2003.

2. The urban population in Nanning increased from 1.03 million in 1995 to 1.68 million in 2003. The growth is expected to continue, with the population reaching 3.23 million by 2020. In 2003, Nanning was ranked as one of the top 50 cities in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in economic growth, which has accelerated particularly rapidly in the recent years. However, the provision of basic urban infrastructure and services has not kept pace with the increased demands, degrading the environment and the quality of life of the residents. The rapid economic and population growth also has created an urgent need for the development of new urban areas. A periurban area by the Xinxujiang river in the city’s northwest, known as Xiangsihu new district,1 has been identified for urban expansion, primarily with residential and education functions. With an area of 120 km2—comparable in size to the built-up urban area of Nanning—the proposed new urban district will be developed to meet the demands of the growing population and economy. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) financed the Nanning Urban Environmental Upgrading Project (the Project), which aimed to support the Nanning Municipal Government’s (NMG) effort to meet the urgent need for improvement in the urban environment. The Project also sought to strengthen the city’s conditions and basis for sustainable development.

3. The inadequate infrastructure in the northwest area has resulted in direct discharge of raw wastewater, as well as random dumping of municipal solid waste, into the Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers. These rivers discharge into the Yongjiang River, the city’s source of drinking water. The pollution level in Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers is worse than Class V of the national water quality, compared with the NMG water quality targets of Class III and IV for the two rivers. As the area is upstream from the city, the poor and worsening water quality in the two rivers also threatens the city’s drinking water safety. In addition, the northwest part of the city suffers from frequent flooding, primarily from Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers. Therefore, protecting the Xiangsihu New District from flooding is a prerequisite for the development of the district. It is also necessary for the safety of district residents.

4. Another infrastructure development priority in Nanning is its municipal solid waste transfer system. The existing system is maintained poorly with (i) manual loading and unloading of wastes at the collection and transfer stations, (ii) small and non-compacting vehicles for long distance haulage, and (iii) basic and inadequate collection points in narrow and crowded neighborhoods. Under these conditions, the collection and transfer system creates health hazards for the city residents due to inefficiency, poor hygiene and sanitation, and pollutes the communities. While a few model transfer stations have been developed, they need to be replicated across the city. The absence of municipal solid waste transfer facilities in the Xiangsihu New District, as well as the low environmental awareness, has resulted in random dumping of garbage in rivers and open spaces.

1 Xiangsihu new district name applies generally to a new development zone, but is not an administrative district of the city of Nanning. The new district encompasses parts of the city’s Xixiangtang and Jiangnan administrative districts.

5. Qingxiushan mountain park, Nanning’s landmark recreation facility, is regarded as the “city’s lungs” due to its large green area in the urban center. The mountain park is dominated by pines, which are vulnerable to pest hazards and forest fires. Every year, forest fires pose a risk to the safety of visitors and the forest itself. Frequent pest attacks also have weakened the forest’s health. A small-scale pilot program, financed by NMG, addressed these issues by introducing indigenous and other plants suitable for the local climates and soils. As a result, the induced biological mechanisms have strengthened the forest, and increased the park’s attractiveness to the city’s residents and tourists. To improve urban green areas, NMG seeks to expand its forest upgrading program, as well as its fire control, sewer collection, pest control, and access roads.

6. The Project proposed for ADB financing is designed to address these urgent urban environmental infrastructure issues in Nanning. The Project complies with the city’s Master Plan and related environmental, flood control, and urban upgrading plans and programs. Further, the project-supported components are among the top priorities in the city’s Master Plan and key infrastructure programs, such as drinking water safety protection, solid waste management system improvement, and expansion and improvement of city’s green area. The city aims to treat 70% of wastewater by 2010 and 90% by 2020. The water quality functioning targets are Class III for Kelijiang and Class IV for Xinxujiang. The city, which continues to improve its environment, is bidding for the honorary title of the nation’s model environmental city. The Project will support the city’s flood, water quality, and waste management sector strategies. It also will contribute to the city’s sustainable development and related environmental, sanitation, and urban ecosystem upgrading targets.

7. This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) was prepared in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines of the PRC and Environmental Assessment Guidelines (May 2003) of ADB. The SEIA is based on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports for individual subprojects prepared by a qualified local institute. The subproject EIAs used methodologies and standards consistent with (i) relevant guidelines established by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), (ii) applicable PRC laws and regulations, and (iii) relevant ADB safeguard requirements. Submitted to Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau (GEPB) in June 2005, the EIAs were approved in August 2005.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

8. The Project will comprise four subprojects: (i) Xinxujiang River rehabilitation, (ii) Kelijiang River rehabilitation, (iii) solid waste management, and (iv) Qingxiushan Ecological Park development. Institutional capacity building components will support all subprojects. The locations of physical investments are shown in Figure 2.

9. The Xinxujiang River rehabilitation subproject will reduce the annual probability of floods in the Xinxujiang catchment area in northwest Nanning to 5% or less, improve Xinxujiang River water quality classification from worse than Class V to Class IV or better, improve wastewater and solid waste management, and expand the green environment along the lower reaches of the Xinxujiang River. This subproject will

(i) expand water holding capacity of 2.92 million cubic meter (m3) during the dry season, with an additional 5.65 million m3 during the wet season, by creating flood retention storage through dredging and excavating 575,500 m3 of bottom sediments and flood plain, and by constructing 12.53 kilometer (km) of embankment;

(ii) construct 3.00 km of interceptor sewers along the banks of Xinxujiang River to intercept 14,000 m3/day of wastewater from the riverside communities; and

(iii) provide a pumping station and delivery main for freshwater from Yongjiang River to flush through the Xinxujiang River to maintain water flow and water quality during the dry season.

10. The Kelijiang River rehabilitation subproject will reduce the annual probability of floods in Kelijiang catchment area (Xiangsihu new urban district) in northeast Nanning to 5% or less, improve the Kelijiang River water quality classification from worse than Class V to Class III, improve wastewater and solid waste management in the Xiangsihu New District, and expand the green environment in the Kelijiang River downstream of Tianbao reservoir. This subproject will (i) expand water holding capacity of 4.38 million during the dry season, with an additional 5.42 million m3 during the wet season, by creating flood retention storage through dredging and excavating 165,000 m3 of bottom sediments and flood plain, and by constructing 14.9 km of embankment;

(ii) construct 47.75 km of collection sewers from the Kelijiang River catchment area, two pumping stations, and a buried pipe crossing under Yongjiang River to transfer 48,200 m3/day of collected wastewater from the Xiangsihu New District to the Jiangnan wastewater sewer system;

(iii) provide a pumping station and delivery mains for a freshwater feed from Yongjiang River to flush through the Kelijiang River to maintain water flow and water quality during the dry season; and

(iv) construct a storm sewer network to serve the proposed new urban area of 23.17 km2 of Xiangsihu New District.

11. The solid waste management component will increase the domestic solid waste management capacity. This subproject will (i) construct 13 new transfer stations and upgrade nine existing ones across the city, as well as purchase loading and compacting equipment for use at all the transfer stations; (ii) seek to introduce better control and efficiency of waste transportation; and (iii) provide 30 street cleaning vehicles and 20 street washing tankers. The compacted wastes will be transported to a recently developed engineered landfill site at Chengnan, south of the city.

12. The Qingxiushan Park development subproject will improve environmental conditions and facilities of the park, thereby contributing to air quality improvement of the city, promoting tourism, and increasing people’s environmental awareness. This subproject will include (i) 71 hectares (ha) of reforestation; (ii) 198 ha of improved arboreal mix; (iii) a seedling base comprising greenhouses, plant shelters, and a spray irrigation system; (iv) forest protection facilities comprising two fire appliances and facilities for prevention and cure of plant diseases, as well as control of insects; (v) auxiliary support facilities comprising a 2.5 km access road to the seedling base, electric power supply, telecommunications, and science and technology service center; (vi) gravity sewers and 11 pumping stations for the southern area of Qingxiushan Park; (vii) two trunk sewer routes to transfer wastewater flows to the Langdong wastewater treatment plant from Qingxiushan Park; and (viii) public awareness training of environmental protection for the visitors.

13. The institutional strengthening component will include (i) establishment of autonomous and financially sustainable operating companies; (ii) development of programs for private sector participation in the solid waste management sector; (iii) development of sound business and operating plans; (iv) establishment of model automatic water quality monitoring in Xinxujiang and Kelijiang project areas, which might be replicated in other urban river upgrading projects; (v) establishment of technical and administrative policies and procedures on hydraulic and water quality balance in the two river water retention storages; (vi) optimization of interface of transfer station operation and waste transportation; and (viii) flood control modeling covering Xinxujiang and Kelijiang rivers.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. General Project Setting and Physical Environment

14. Nanning city is at 22°12′～23°32′ North (N) and 107°45′～108°51′ East (E). The city is ringed by low mountains with a relatively flat urban area in the center. Yongjiang River flows through the city from west to east, while two of its main tributaries, Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers, pass through the city’s northwest area before discharging into Yongjiang. The project area is an alluvial plain of the Nanning basin about 70–80 m above sea level, covering about 9,909 km2.

15. The Project is in subtropical zone dominated by the monsoon climate. Average annual precipitation is about 1,300 millimeters (mm), mostly between April and September. The annual average temperature is 21.6 degrees centigrade (oC), ranging from 40.4oC (May) to –2.1oC (January). The annual average relative moisture is 79%. The wind directions are primarily from southeast in the summer and northeast in the winter, with an annual average wind speed of 1.9 meters per second (m/s).

16. In general, the air in the project area meets Class II ambient air quality standards (Environmental Air Quality Standards GB3095-1996). However, the rapid urbanization and expansion of the city, which have increased motor vehicle emissions and airborne particulates, have caused the air quality to deteriorate—a situation the Qingxiushan subproject can improve. Noise levels in project areas generally meet the designated noise standards (Urban Area Environmental Noise Standards, GB3096-93). However, traffic noise at night in the project area exceeds the applied standard, according to monitoring data.

B. River System and Hydrology

17. Nanning’s main river is Yongjiang, which has an average annual flow of 41.12 billion m3. It is the main raw water source for Nanning, as well as the ultimate receiving water body for virtually all discharges from Nanning.

18. Kelijiang River is west of the city center and north of Yongjiang River. It flows through the Xiangsihu new district and has a catchment area of 66 km2. Designated with a national functional classification of Class III, the reservoir is upstream from the project works. It is a source of contingency (or backup) drinking water supply in case of failure of other sources and irrigation water. The city has strict development limits in the reservoir catchment areas to control reservoir water quality. The catchment above Tianbao is characterized by rural natural vegetation, while the catchment downstream of Tianbao is partially urbanized and is expected to become further urbanized. The river is 34.25 km long, with an average gradient of 3.44%. 5

19. Xinxujiang River is east of Kelijiang, west of the city center, and north of Yongjiang River. With a catchment area of 132 km2, the river is 29.25 km long and 300–510 m wide. The upper catchment area is mostly hilly with an average elevation of about 400 m. Five small reservoirs, which were constructed for irrigation and tourism, play a limited role in the attenuation of floods.

20. The available water supply in the region is 3.025 billion m3. In comparison, Nanning city extracted and consumed 253.62 million m3 of water in 2002, of which 165.9 million m3 was for domestic use. The average daily per capita water consumption is 300 liters (l).

21. The national flood control plans aim to upgrade the central monitoring and advanced warning systems throughout the main river basins in the PRC. The Guangxi Water Conservancy Bureau, with assistance from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation, is developing real-time modeling of river flows and flood routing, including the operation of reservoirs and flood control sluices, for the Pearl River system. The parties agreed that local flood information at Tianbao reservoir, Xinxujiang River, and Kelijiang River will be compatible with this system.

C. Water Quality

22. The designated water quality standards for Yongjiang River are Class II for the reach near Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers, and for the water intake areas of the city’s water purification plants. Other sections are Class III. Nanning Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) has an automatic water quality monitoring system with online stations primarily on Yongjiang River. Data from this automatic monitoring system and the recent monitoring data collected during project EIA show that water quality of the river meets the standards for the respective sections with a few exceptions. Coliform, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) occasionally exceed the standards slightly.

23. Almost no industrial enterprises have been built along Kelijiang River. Above Tianbao reservoir, the river is still in its natural state with little development. Water quality can meet the designated Class III standard. Downstream from the reservoir, however, raw sewage discharges, as well as livestock and farming activities along the river’s middle and lower reaches, have severely contaminated the water. The water quality falls below Class V standard due mainly to coliform, COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

24. Water quality monitoring in Xinxujiang River is below Class V standards. The main pollutants are coliform, COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The primary cause of the poor water quality is the direct discharges of domestic wastewater, as well as surface runoff from farming areas, particularly livestock farms.

25. The lack of appropriate water resource management in the project area, particularly wastewater collection and treatment facilities, is compounded by the lack of dilution and assimilative capacity in the two project rivers during the dry season. This has resulted in severe surface water pollution. The consequences of the deteriorating water quality include (i) loss of, or damage to, the beneficial use of the rivers; (ii) damage to the aquatic ecosystem; (iii) health risks of contaminated water and fish from in-river fish farming, which will be prohibited following the Project; (iv) contamination of farmland and reduction of crop yields; and (v) adverse impacts on water quality downstream in Yongjiang River.

D. Ecological Environment

26. Table 1 summarizes the major biota and agricultural resources in the project area.

Table 1: Biota and Agricultural Resources in the Project Area Class Major Species Natural Trees Pinus massoniana, Michelia macclurei, Ford woodlotus, paulownia, superba schima, beautiful Sweetgum, Quercus griffithii Bush Common myrtle, mountain pine, Eurya japonica, emblic leaff lower fruit, Symplocos chinensis, Chinese laurei, puberulous glochidion, poxicodendom syvestra, Desmodium pulchellum, Phyllodium pulchellum, indigowoad, erening primrose Birds Sparrow, turtledove, partridge, bamboo pheasant, pheasant, silver pheasant, pied magpie, thrush, crow, owl, golden pheasant, hawk, corncrake, Muller's Barbet, mynah, bittern, whitethroat Reptiles Chinese bamboo viper, lizard, gecko Amphibians frog, tree frog, toad, tortoise Mammals Rabbits, rats Insects Wild silkworm, bee, ant, dragonfly, butterfly, cricket, locust, spider, black beetle, katydid, gryllotalpa, leech, firefly, longhorn beetle, earthworm Aquatic Distinct pondweed, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata，najas, plants Lagarosiphon alternifolia, Vallisheria gigantean, Blyxa japonica; Water lettuce, Azolla imbricata, Salvinia rotundifolia, common duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, Wolffia globosa; Scirpus validus, Echinochloa crusgalli, Scirpus juncoides, oriental waterplantain rhizome, buerger pipewort flower, sheathed monochoria

Fishes Grass carp, silver carp, big head carp, mud carp, rice field eel, oriental weather fish, catfish, walking catfish, Chinese perch, loach Domestic Water fowl Ducks, geese, partridges Livestock Pigs, chickens, goats, cows, horses, donkeys, rabbits Major crops Rice, corns, sweet potato, sugar cane Cash crops Vegetables, herbs, flowers, cotton, aniseed, cole, chestnut, tea, Fruits Litchi, banana, pineapple, loquat, longan, almond, mango, orange, jackfruit, Chinese wampee, guava, rose apple, sterculia, emblic leaf flower fruit, spine date, peach, sand pear, Chinese date Source: Project EIAs

27. The green coverage area in Nanning is 36.4%, provided largely by the surrounding hills in the suburbs, while the green area in the urban city is 30.9%. The average per capita public green area rate is 7.2 m2, among the highest in major Chinese cities.

28. With more than 1,000 species of plants, vegetation coverage in the Qingxiushan park area is 86%. Due to the long history of human activities, the original vegetation on the mountain has been destroyed and replaced by the secondary growth of mainly deuterogenic Masson pines. These suffer from frequent forest fires, diseases, soil erosion from monsoon rains, and low aesthetic value. The mountain park has no large species of wildlife, although smaller species are seen, including krait, coral snake, cobra, and jungle fowl. However, the mountain park does attract a large number of birds. The lack of wastewater collection and treatment facilities at the park toilet blocks results in contamination of soils and groundwater, creating public health risks.

29. The other project areas are urban or periurban with residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural developments. Native vegetation and wildlife in these areas essentially are extinct. The flora comprises mainly secondary and cultivated trees, shrubs, and agricultural 7 crops, while wildlife is limited mostly to small reptiles, local birds, insects, and other lower life-forms. Freshwater fish are limited mostly to reservoirs and fishponds.

E. Social and Economic Conditions

30. The key socioeconomic indicators of the project area are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2: Key Socioeconomic Indicators of the Project Area Items Indicators

Population • Total population: 6.42 million • Agricultural population: 4.74 million • Nonagricultural population: 1.68 million • Population density: 290 person/km2 Land • Total area: 22,112 km2 • Cultivated land: 367,092 ha Urbanization • Districts: 6 • Counties: 6 • Villages: 1,760 Economics • GDP: CNY50.25 billion (2003) • Gross industrial output value: CNY30.19 billion • Major industries in Nanning city: food processing, nonmetallic minerals industry, chemicals, tobacco, pharmacy, electric engine machining, paper and pulp, etc. Infrastructure • Roads: 817 km • Flood bank: 50 km • Sewer line: 688 km • WWTPs: 2 • Water supply plants: 5 • Transfer stations: 33 Social services • Medical facilities: 198 • Parks: 14 GDP = gross domestic product, ha = hectare, km2 = kilometer, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant. Source: Nanning Statistical Yearbook, 2004.

31. The Project, which covers six districts and one county in Nanning city, will benefit about 3.03 million people. Among the beneficiaries, the urban poor2 account for 5.6% of the population (73,000 people) in the project impact area. The proportion of urban poor in part of the impact area, particularly in the Kelijiang River environmental upgrading subproject, is higher than the average in Nanning city and GZAR, because of the large floating population living on riparian land.

32. Consultations with cultural authority and site investigation during the EIA showed that the project-influenced areas do not have any known cultural or historical sites.

2 Unlike the definition of rural poverty, urban poverty does not have a uniform standard. In general, the people who are under the minimum living standard scheme (MLSS) are defined as urban poor. People under the minimum MLSS will receive social assistance from the civil administrative department. MLSS varies by county in GZAR. In 2003, the MLSS was CNY190 per capita per month in Nanning city.

F. Solid Waste Management

33. The Environmental Sanitation Department administers the city’s solid waste management system. The department is responsible for municipal solid waste collection, transfer, transport, and disposal. A separate department handles industrial waste, including hazardous waste, which is controlled strictly and prohibited from entering the municipal solid waste stream.

IV. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

34. The primary objective of the analysis of alternatives in the EIA was to identify and adopt options with the fewest adverse environmental impacts and the most environmental benefits.

A. With and Without the River Upgrading Subprojects 35. Compared with the “with project” scenario for the river upgrading components, the “without project” scenario would: (i) Increase the volume of untreated domestic wastewater generated by the rapid urbanization and population growth in the area, and discharged directly into the receiving waters. The surface water quality also would continue to deteriorate, threatening the drinking water safety, groundwater, ecosystem, quality and yields of agricultural produces, and the standard of living for the residents. Eventually, this would weaken the capacity for sustainable economic development in the region.

(ii) Allow the continuance of illegal activities, such as encroaching structures into watercourse, building dams for in-river fish farming, fencing off areas of water for raising ducks, growing crops along the riverbeds, and dumping solid waste along and into the rivers. These activities block and pollute the watercourses, and affect the flood control capacity.

B. Wastewater Collection and Treatment Alternatives (Kelijiang Subproject) 36. Three options for dealing with collected and intercepted wastewater from Xiangsihu New District have been evaluated and compared: (i) Construct a new wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Xiangsihu and discharge the treated effluent into Ximingjiang River, which is about 4 km west of Kelijiang River and within the new district, and then into Yongjiang River.

(ii) Construct a new WWTP in Xiangsihu and transfer the treated effluent through a pipeline to Erkengxi River, which is downstream from the district, and then into Yongjiang River.

(iii) Convey the wastewater from the Xiangsihu area to the Jiangnan WWTP through the construction of pump stations and transfer pipelines.

37. For option (i), the discharge point would be about 1 km upstream from the confluence of the Ximingjiang and Yongjiang rivers, which is upstream from five of the city’s six raw water intake points. Option (ii) requires the construction of about 12 km of pipelines, which would increase the project cost by CNY63.2 million, as well as the operating costs compared with option (i). Option (iii), the recommended option, requires an increase in the treatment capacity of the Jiangnan WWTP, which is in accordance with NMG’s sewerage Master Plan. A single, large 9 wastewater treatment plant would be more efficient and cost effective to operate than multiple smaller ones. Option (iii) has been selected, with a commitment to completing Jiangnan WWTP expansion and the pipeline at the same time as this Project.

38. Similar alternative schemes have been identified and evaluated for the sewerage system to serve Qingxiushan Ecological Park subproject. Based on similar reasons as above, transferring the wastewater collected from the park to the nearby Langdong WWTP, which has a capacity of 100,000 m3/day, would have less impact than building one or several onsite WWTPs.

C. Sewerage Pumping Schemes and Sites (Xinxujiang and Kelijiang Subprojects)

39. Two alternative wastewater pumping and river crossing schemes serving the Xiangsihu New District have been compared: (i) to construct one sewage pumping station to serve Kelijiang and Xinxujiang catchment areas, which would cross Yongjiang River once; or (ii) to construct two stations to serve them separately, which require a second crossing and apparently would cause more environmental impact. Moreover, the second alternative will increase the cost by CNY7.91 million and will require 280 m2 more land.

40. Two options have been studied for the locations of the sewerage pumping stations. The first option is 200 m north of the confluence of Ximingjiang and Yongjiang rivers. The second option, which is recommended, is 1 km north of the Yongjiang River, near the east bank of the Ximingjiang River. It is 3–4 m lower and CNY7.6 million less expensive than the alternative site. The second location is also 200–300 m from the residential area, which is another advantage as it will have less impact on residents. Moreover, the wastewater can be discharged to, and stored within, Ximingjiang River during emergencies and accidents.

D. Alternative Flushing Schemes (Xinxujiang and Kelijiang Subprojects)

41. To retain healthy water quality within the Kelijiang and Xinxujinag rivers, river turnover must occur 15–20 times a year. Thus, based on a 14-day turnover, the rate of flow for the Xinxujiang River should be approximately 2.41 cubic meter per second (m3/sec). As water quality in Kelijiang is better, the recommended turnover rate is 12 times per year, or once per month. The pumping rate necessary to replace the volume in Xiangsihu River once per month is 1.69 m3/s. Using the mass balance approach, the required dilution flow also can be calculated based on the influent flows and their pollutant concentrations. The results are 2.72 m3/s for Xinqujiang River and 2.17 m3/s for Kelijiang River. Based on the two approaches, the final flush rate is determined to be 2 m3/s for both rivers.

42. A number of options are available for maintaining water quality in the Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers: surface aeration (floating aerators), clean water release from the upstream Tianbao reservoir, and clean water lifted from Yongjiang for flushing. The rivers and lakes are long (3.7 km for Xinxujiang and 4.3 km Kelijiang), making floating aerators seem impractical. Reservoir water release is not an acceptable option either. In addition to irrigation requirements, the water is very limited at that season. Thus, the only practical option is using Yongjing River for flushing. Within this option, three alternative river schemes have been identified, compared, and evaluated for transferring water from Yongjiang for flushing Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers:

(i) separate water transfer systems for Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers, each with an independent pumping capacity of 2 m3/s;

(ii) a water transfer system for Kelijiang, with a capacity of 2 m3/s, with the two rivers connected through gravity between the two rivers; and

(iii) a pumping system for Kelijiang, with capacity of 2 m3/s, with a branch pipe to Xinxujiang River.

43. The first option, which is recommended, can achieve the intended objective of the water transfer, i.e., to replenish and flush Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers during the dry season. This is essential to achieve the turnover rate of 12–26 times per year for the rivers. The other two options could have conflicting interests, whereby insufficient water is available for one or the other river to guarantee adequate flushing. Therefore, the first option is the most environmentally reliable and has the most environmental benefits.

E. Alternative Sediment Disposal (Xinxujiang and Kelijiang Subprojects)

44. The Kelijiang River dredging and cleanup will generate a large volume (about 3.07 million m3) of dredged materials. The original plan was to truck away these materials and dispose of them at a mountainous site about 5 km from the river, imposing significant adverse impacts along the local roads and tracks, as well as on and around the disposal site. An alternative plan was to reuse the dredged materials for creating small hills and rolling land in three green sites within the original river rehabilitation and landscaping planned area. These three sites, as well as materials needed for fill and road construction, could accommodate 2.90 million m3 of excavated and dredged materials. This would leave 165,000 m3 surplus for disposal. Similarly, Xinxujiang subproject will generate 3.64 million m3 dredged and excavated materials. Of this amount, 3.07 million m3 would be used as fill materials, leaving approximately 575,000 m3 to be disposed of offsite.

F. Alternative Sludge Dredging (Xinxujiang and Kelijiang Subprojects)

45. Two options have been considered for sediment dredging and transportation for both rivers: (i) hydraulically pumping mud and sediment, and (ii) excavating with backhoes. With the first option, the dredging and transportation operation would be easy, which (as in sealed pipeline) would create relatively few environmental impacts. Its shortcomings, however, would be the need for high water content large volume; the need for a large site for dewatering and disposal; and complex dewatering, leachate treatment and sediment disposal operations. Furthermore, the generation of leachate at the dewatering site potentially could pollute surface water. For mechanical dredging, the advantages include a reduction in the construction period with multiple dredging sites using more machines, and no need for extensive dewatering. The shortcomings include relatively more environmental impacts at the riverside during excavation. Considering and comparing environmental and other factors, the second option of mechanical dredging is recommended.

G. With and Without the Qingxiushan Ecological Park Subproject

46. Without the Qingxiushan mountain forest subproject, the woodland would deteriorate due to the lack of diversity, as well as its vulnerability to diseases and forest fires. The dominant masson pine would continue to inhibit the growth of other species. With limited fire control and poor access facilities, fires would be difficult to contain. The mountain park and tourist attraction also would be poorly serviced by the lack of basic infrastructure.

47. Research statistics have shown that the carbon fixing capacity of conifer forest is about 750 kilogram per square hectometer (hm2) per year (yr), while that of broad leaf forest is 850 kg/hm2/yr. The construction of the Project will produce a net increase of 193.12 hm² of broad leaf forest and 198.36 hm² of conifer forest, increasing the carbon fixing capacity of the forest in the project area by 173.7 tons per year (t/yr). That is equal to 636.9 t/yr of carbon dioxide (CO2) taken from the atmosphere. At the same time, the plants will release an average total of 0.85 t of oxygen (O2) during the growth for every 1.00 t of CO2 absorbed. After project completion, the amount of O2 released from the ecosystem will increase by 541.4 t/yr. With the increase of 500.00 hm² in green coverage, the average density of anion in the air of the project area will exceed the present density of 1,426.5 per cubic centimeter. The bacterial content in the air will decline from the present 698.3 colony forming units (cfu) per cm3, while the average content of airborne dust will drop from the present 0.036 milligram/m3. Related studies have shown that the dust detaining capacity of conifer forest is as high as 746 kg/hm2/yr, while that of broad leaf forest is 912kg/hm2/yr. After the project completion, the dust detaining capacity of the ecosystem will increase by 210.0 t/yr.

H. Alternative Tree Planting Scales (Qingxiushan Ecological Park Subproject)

48. Two options were considered for the scale of tree planting on the Qingxiushan Ecological Park subproject: 269.5 ha and 391.5 ha. The balanced benefits and adverse impacts of each option were compared. The smaller scale tree planting would take less farm and orchards, thus generating fewer negative environmental and social impacts on the farmers. However, this option would have less capacity for CO2 removal and O2 release from the forest. In addition, the cost of the smaller scale alternative is less than half of that for the larger one, making it more financially viable. It also complies better with the city’s Master Plan for the park, and for the development of the surrounding areas. Considering all factors, the smaller scale option is accepted.

I. With and Without Solid Waste Transfer Station Subproject

49. Without the solid waste subproject, the city’s municipal solid waste collection, transfer, and transportation systems would remain an inefficient, manually based, and relatively expensive operation. Sanitation and hygiene would continue to be poor, affecting the heath, living environment, and standard of living of the residents. Because of the accelerating growth in the urban population and expected rise in average incomes, large increases are predicted in waste generated. As a result, sanitation conditions would deteriorate further and tariffs would need to rise.

J. Alternative Transfer Station Sites (Solid Waste Subproject)

50. Since August 2004, several sites for most transfer stations have been identified and compared before final selection. Three criteria have been used in the evaluation and selection process: (i) compliance with the city’s Master Plan and the Sanitation Plan, (ii) relations with the area they intend to serve, and (iii) environmental and community impacts. All the adopted sites comply with the city master plans, are able to serve the community, and have the fewest adverse impacts to the environment.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

A. Positive Impacts

51. Hydrology and Flood Control. A significant beneficial impact of the Project is to improve flood protection of Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers, reducing the annual probability to 2% from the current 5%. This will be achieved by removing in-river blocking structures, creating floodwater storage, and dredging the river sediments. As a result, the water retention capacity in the Kelijiang River will increase from 3.18 million m3 to 4.38 million m3 in the dry season and to 9.98 million m3 in the flood season. Similarly, Xinxujiang River storage will increase from 2.09 million m3 to 2.73 million m3 in the dry season and to 8.57 million m3 in the flood season. The enhanced flood protection will help improve protection of health and safety of citizens and properties, as well as provide the basis for urban development of the new district in the river catchments.

52. Water Quality. The Project will bring significant benefits to the water environment of rivers in the project area and downstream, as well as other aspects of the environment and life that depend on water quality. The Project will intercept most domestic wastewaters from Xiangsihu New District, which currently are discharged into the Kelijiang River. The assessment in the EIA, which used a two-dimensional mathematical model to predict the impact of the Project 3 on the receiving water, concluded that COD, BOD5, and NH3-N are expected to decrease by 1.082 mg/l, 0.446 mg/l, and 0.112 mg/l, respectively, at the point where Kelijiang River discharges into Yongjiang. As both Kelijiang and Xinxujiang rivers are upstream of Nanning city center, the reduced pollutant discharges would benefit the city’s drinking water intakes.

53. Water Pollutants Discharge. The two representative river upgrading subprojects will reduce the CODcr load by about 2,200 t/yr, BOD5 load by 557 t/yr, and NH3-N load by 393 t/yr through the interception of direct discharges of raw sewage into the project rivers. This will contribute significantly to meeting the surface water and environmental quality targets set by Nanning Yongjiang River Water Quality Improvement Plan, Guangxi Province 10th Five-Year Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control, and the city’s Master Plan, as well as the wastewater treatment capacity target for major cities set by the state.

54. Aquatic Life. In general, aquatic life in the subproject rivers will benefit from the Project. Due to severe pollution in Kelijiang and Xinxujiang, protected species have become extinct. This has left only pollutant-resistant species, such as blue green algae and lower life in the benthos, as well as some wild common fishes, such as carp, bullhead, and fim. With the removal of substantial pollutant discharges and improvement of water quality, aquatic life is expected to return.

55. Ground Water Quality. The quality of groundwater, especially shallow aquifer groundwater, is expected to improve as the rivers are the primary groundwater recharge sources. People in rural communities who rely on groundwater for domestic use and agricultural irrigation would benefit from the improved groundwater quality.

56. Odor Control. The severely polluted lower sections of Kelijiang and Xinxujiang generate nuisance odor, especially in the spring when the river flows are low. Improved water quality in the rivers would help eliminate these odors. With the new and upgraded transfer stations equipped with odor control, the odor associated with the existing transfer stations—and impacts on the surrounding communities—are expected to be mostly eliminated.

3 Five days biological oxygen demand 13

57. Amenities. The Qingxiushan Ecological Park subproject will increase the forest coverage rate from 46.6% to 48.3%. The per capita green area for the city zone will grow by 0.49 m², which is significant for Nanning in its application for the United Nations Award for Best Practice in Improvement of Human Living Environment. The annual forest water holding capacity will increase by about 71,522 t. The estimated reduction of soil from erosion is 4,531 t. The forest carbon holding capacity will increase by about 173.7 t/yr, which is equivalent to removing from the air 636.9 t/yr of CO2. Meanwhile, the increased green area will generate 541.4 t/yr of O2 and will reduce airborne dust by 210 t/yr.

58. Ecological Environment. The Qingxiushan subproject will make the forest on the mountain, which is a Masson pine monoculture, more diversified. Biomass and biodiversity are expected to increase from the 5–12 species/100 m² to more than 30 species/100 m². Further, the Shannon–Wiener Index will rise from the 1.02 (for mason pure forest) to more than 2.00.

59. Solid Waste. The solid waste transfer station subproject will increase the solid waste transfer capacity by contemporary and mechanical method from 850 t/day to 2,170 t/day. This will greatly improve the air quality, neighborhood hygiene, and sanitation. It also will clean up the areas used for waste dumping, as well as improve the solid waste handling, transfer, and transportation efficiency, with resulting cost savings.

60. Public Health. Approximately 400,000 people live in the Kelijiang River catchment, and their health and other aspects could be influenced directly by the polluted rivers. These residents will benefit directly from the improved environmental conditions. According to economic assessment data for Kelijiang subproject, 10% of the local population will suffer one less occurrence of water-related sickness per year. Further, hospitalization periods per year will be reduced by an estimated 0.5%, thus saving an estimated CNY22.06 million per year. Similarly, the economic benefits accruing to the 250,000 people within the Xinxujiang area will total CNY15 million a year.

61. Other potential benefits of the Project include (i) improved sanitation and hygiene for residents near the rivers and transfer stations, (ii) increased property values for land alongside the rivers and Qingxiushan Ecological Park, (iii) improved recreation and environmental aesthetics to the communities of the project area, (iv) improved biodiversity and ecosystem, (v) increased quality of life and standard of living for residents living downstream of the project area, (vi) improved public health through reduced risk of waterborne diseases, and (vii) increased public satisfaction with the urban environment.

B. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Construction Phase

62. Construction activities are expected to generate the 11 adverse impacts:

(i) Airborne dust. Excavation, demolition, construction vehicle movement, and materials handling could generate airborne dust, particularly downwind from the construction sites.

(ii) Odor. River dredging, sediment dewatering, and transportation could increase odors, which affects residents on the riparian areas and along the transportation routes.

(iii) Noise. Construction equipment and vehicular movement could increase noise levels, potentially affecting nearby residents and schools.

(iv) Traffic congestion. Pipeline construction along the existing roads, transfer station construction and upgrading in built-up neighborhoods, and increased construction traffic in urban areas could worsen traffic congestion.

(v) Waste discharge from construction camps. The discharge of wastewater from construction camps could create potential new pollution sources, and also could be sources of sludge, solid waste, and waste oil from machinery maintenance.

(vi) Dredged materials. An estimated 6.44 million m3 will be dredged from rivers, including 0.74 million m3 requiring off-site disposal. The disposal of this spoil would occupy the land, and change landform and flora systems. Approximately 5.7 million m3 of dredged materials will be reused in the riverside landscaping plan.

(vii) Removal of trees. The Gaofeng forestry center planted oak trees at the spoil disposal site at Kelijiang village. The subproject component to improve the arboreal mix at Qingxiushan normally would require the felling of some Masson pines to make space for other species, and to create fire breaks.

(viii) Soil erosion. Large piles of earth will be created during construction. During rainfall, these earth piles and other disturbed land, such as river slopes, would erode and cause loss of soil, with detrimental impacts on water quality and aquatic ecology.

(ix) Land impact. Construction activities for Project will occupy about 183.67 ha of collective land and 24.62 ha of state-owned land.

(x) Damage to roads. Heavily laden trucks might affect the condition of roads and cause road surface damage, especially during rainfall and periods of high ground moisture content.

(xi) Infectious diseases. During project construction, floating population will work in construction sites throughout the city. The mobility of people might bring external epidemic diseases to local communities. Sediment dredging and other in- or near-water construction also might the number of flies and mosquitoes, resulting in the spread of entomophilies infectious diseases such as malaria.

63. Based on the results of the impact assessments and the goals of minimizing adverse impacts in accordance with application standards, regulations, and ADB safeguard policies, 15 mitigation measures have been identified for the construction phase:

(i) Construction sites, transportation routes, and materials handling sites will be sprayed with water on dry and windy days up to 2–3 times a day, especially if these sites are near sensitive receptors, such as residential and school areas. Cement will be mixed at the central plant, where possible, and transported in sealed vehicles.

(ii) Sediment will be transported to spoil disposal sites once dewatered, and will be covered during transportation to avoid spills. The onsite dewatering sediment should be wrapped with straw sacks to reduce odor release.

(iii) Construction will be scheduled through consultation with nearby schools and residents to minimize the impact of noise from machinery. The use of certain noisy machines will be prohibited at night (22:00 to 06:00) and around lunchtime (12:00 to 14:30). Temporary noise barriers should be set up at construction sites near schools and residential areas. Transport vehicles will be prohibited from using their horns.

(iv) In conjunction with the relevant authority, traffic flow regulation plans will be prepared before construction begins in the congested urban built-up areas.

(v) Sewage and other wastewater from construction camps will be collected and treated at septic tanks before discharge to avoid contamination of the surrounding areas. Where possible, the wastewater will be discharged directly to the municipal sewer. The spoil sediment disposal sites should be clay-lined to minimize leaks.

(vi) Temporary land occupation will be planned well in advance to minimize the effect of the disturbance, and land will be reinstated to its original condition upon completion of construction. Topsoil will be removed and stockpiled for use during land restoration.

(vii) Construction materials will be stored in appropriate places and covered or sprayed to minimize dust.

(viii) Nanning Forest Bureau should approve tree cutting ahead of time. The number of trees that are identified for removal should be counted during the design stage, and a compensation plan developed to replant at least the same number of trees in the same area.

(ix) Construction waste will be removed promptly from the sites. Burning of construction waste will be prohibited.

(x) Materials will be covered during transportation to avoid spills or leaks.

(xi) Strict measures to control erosion and runoff at the construction sites and the spoil sites will be imposed on contractors through detailed specifications, which will be included in the Soil Erosion Prevention Plan.

(xii) Construction will be suspended immediately if any archaeological properties are discovered. The relevant cultural authority, as well as the project management office (PMO), will be notified promptly. Only after a thorough investigation will construction be allowed to resume.

(xiii) During the raining season, load access of the contractor will be limited to reduce damage to the roads. In addition, at the end of the construction, the contractor will be required to rehabilitate sections of roads damaged by traffic from the transport activities.

(xiv) Contractors will be required to implement necessary safety measures at the construction sites to protect the public, including posting warning signs to alert the public of potential safety hazards around the construction sites. Workers should be examined regularly, and infected people should be given immediate medical attention or quarantined.

(xv) Contractors and construction supervisors will be required to attend environment and health and safety training programs before the start of construction.

64. These mitigation measures, where appropriate, will be included in the tender documents and the construction contracts as binding contractual requirements.

C. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During Operation Phase

65. During operation of the Project, eight adverse impacts are expected:

(i) The fishpond area affected by the river upgrading subproject is 64 hectares. With the implementation of the Project, fish farming in the area will be prohibited to protect water quality of the Kelijiang and Yongjiang rivers, according to Nanning Municipal Regulation on Water Pollution Control of Yongjiang River.

(ii) Nuisance odor will be generated in the wastewater pump stations, solid waste transfer stations, and spoil sediment disposal sites, affecting urban and rural residents living nearby. An air dispersion model used in the EIAs shows that the shortest distance to reach the residential area standards is about 50 m. No sensitive receptors are located within this distance.

(iii) The main sources of noise during the operation phase are the pump stations, which might affect the nearby residents.

(iv) The collection, interception, and transfer of wastewater from the Xiangsihu New District will increase the required treatment capacity of the new Jiangnan and Langdong WWTPs. Once completed by the end of 2006, the Jiannan and Langdong WWTPs will have sufficient capacity to accept the wastewater from Xiangsihu area.

(v) Fertilizers and pesticide will be used in Qingxiushan Ecological Park for plant growth and pest control. However, they also will cause adverse impact if leached away by surface runoff during rainy season to surface water. Improper application of pesticide also could kill other organisms, impacting biodiversity to a certain degree.

(vi) The biggest complaints from residents adjacent to municipal solid waste transfer stations are the poor sanitary conditions, mosquitoes, flies, bugs, and rats from waste handling operations, especially in summer when the temperature is high and the waste stream has a lot of fruits and vegetables.

(vii) Airborne dust, including fly ash, and nuisance odors from hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) might be generated from improper transportation of solid waste. Waste trucks to be supplied will be fully sealed, and H2S, NH3, and flying 17

dust will be minimized. In addition, all vehicles are equipped with a leachate collecting device, so leachate will not be dropped along the roads.

(viii) Noise could become a problem during loading and transportation of domestic solid waste.

66. Based on the results of the impact assessments and the goals of minimizing adverse impacts in accordance with application standards, regulations, and ADB safeguard policies, 10 mitigation measures have been identified for the operation phase:

(i) Owners of the fish and duck ponds affected by the river upgrading subprojects will be compensated based on the resettlement plan (RP) of the Project (see RP for details).

(ii) Residents near the spoil sediment disposal site should be relocated to a place at least 500 m from the site, and properly compensated. Odor treatment facilities should be installed at the wastewater pump stations.

(iii) Low noise pump sets should be selected and equipped with mufflers. The pumps should be in isolation booths.

(iv) The sewerage system in the new district will be separate from the sanitary sewers connected to the WWTPs and storm drains discharging directly into the receiving open waters. This would minimize the unnecessary burdens and shock loads of the WWTPs, which are designed for treatment of municipal wastewater.

(v) Jiangnan WWTP, which is under construction, is expected to be completed by the end of 2006. Langdong WWTP will be expanded based on the Government’s sewerage Master Plan. Once the construction and expansion are completed, these will have sufficient capacity to treat the wastewaters collectedI and intercepted from the project area.

(vi) A wastewater pipe crossing the Yongjiang has been successfully applied in Nanning under a separate project. The experience from this project will be shared during the design, construction, and management of the sewer pipeline river crossing component of the current project. Based on the previous experience, three pipe materials were identified and evaluated. Galvanized steel pipe, with additional interior and exterior corrosive proof coating, will be applied. The steel pipes will be welded onshore and pressure tested under the most stringent technical specifications before being submerged across the river as a composite length. The riverbed will have a pipe trench, approximately 1.5 m below the bottom surface.

(vii) The tree planting in the project areas, particularly Qingxiushan Ecological Park, will be designed carefully with full consideration of the impacts to the ecological balance. This will ensure that the species introduced will help increase biodiversity, while at the same time protecting the indigenous wild trees.

(viii) Pests and insects should be biologically controlled, where possible, to minimize the use of chemical pesticides. Where pesticides must be used, the application, quantities, timing, type, etc., will be carefully planned based on the site and pest

conditions. Class I pesticides, banned by World Health Organization, should be prohibited. Moreover, pesticide usage and effect will be monitored closely and documented. Actions will be taken promptly if any adverse impact is detected. The monitoring results will be used as part of the management tools to determine and guide optimal pesticide dosage and best application methods. The objective will be to maximize utilization and minimize residuals in the environment.

(ix) To control mosquitoes, flies, etc., insecticide will be sprayed from time to time on municipal solid waste transfer stations, transportation vehicles, and the surrounding areas. Traps also might be used to kill mosquitoes, flies, and rats.

(x) Low-noise vehicles will be selected and working times arranged properly. The use of certain noisy machines will be prohibited at night (22:00 to 06:00) and around lunchtime (12:00 to 14:30). The use of horns will be prohibited.

D. Resettlement

67. Resettlement (physical and economic displacement) can affect people whose (i) livelihoods are affected by the acquisition of land, (ii) houses or shops are demolished and require relocation, and (iii) livelihoods are impacted by the temporary use of land during construction. All project components were planned to minimize disruption of residential areas and villages, and to maintain village cohesion. The Kelijiang and Xinxijiang subprojects will require a relatively large amount of land acquisition and resettlement. Two full RPs have been prepared based on ADB requirements. The Qingxiushan Park subproject will involve relatively little land acquisition and resettlement. Thus, a short RP was prepared. For the Solid Waste subproject, 2.7 ha of vacant, state-owned land will be transferred to the implementing agency (IA). Since this component will not affect any people, an RP is unnecessary.

68. The Project will require permanent acquisition of 208.29 ha of land, temporary acquisition of 5.07 ha of land, and demolition of 47,163 m2 of rural houses. Land acquisition and/or house demolition will affect 1,880 households with 6,342 people. Four institutions also will be affected by the demolition of 14,650 m2 of houses.

69. The cost for land acquisition and resettlement is estimated to be CNY567.85 million at 2005 prices. Resettlement impacts have been identified, and RPs prepared in accordance with PRC Land Administration Law and ADB’s Policy on Involuntary Resettlement. The RPs provide a socioeconomic profile of affected persons (AP), scope of impacts, entitlement of APs to compensation, legal framework, public consultations, grievance procedures, rehabilitation measures, budget, and implementation milestones. Resettlement requirements have been incorporated into project design.

70. NMG and the IAs will implement ADB’s full disclosure policy for the resettlement activities, including (i) annexing the summary resettlement plan to the SEIA, (ii) distributing the resettlement information booklet to the APs and village offices, (iii) distributing the draft and final RPs to local government and village offices, and (iii) posting of the draft and final RPs on the ADB Web site before appraisal and upon NMG’s approval. Each IA will establish a project resettlement office to continue public information activities and respond to any questions or grievances.

71. APs will be compensated and resettled in a timely and adequate manner in accordance with the RPs, ensuring that they will be at least as well off as they would have been without the 19

Project. To ensure that APs have been compensated and rehabilitated adequately, NMG and the IAs will keep the ADB informed of the implementation progress of the RPs through quarterly progress reports and a resettlement completion report. The PMO and IAs will engage an independent agency for semiannual monitoring and annual evaluation of land acquisition and resettlement until 2 years after project completion.

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

72. Primary economic and other benefits for Xinxujiang and Kelijiang subprojects include (i) clean environment (aesthetic); (ii) reduction and avoidance of loss of life, damage to properties, and disruption in economic activities due to flood; (iii) avoidance of lost income and medical expenses due to diseases from wastewater and solid waste contamination (in the river); (iv) reduced BOD and COD in Yongjiang river; and (v) increases land values (if environmental benefits are not considered). Primary economic and other benefits for the Solid Waste subproject include (i) clean environment (aesthetic); (ii) reduction and avoidance of flood (as a result of reduced solid waste in rivers and canals and drainage system); and (iii) avoidance of lost income and medical expenses due to diseases from solid waste contamination. Primary economic and other benefits for the Qingxiushan park subproject include (i) reduced soil erosion; (ii) reduced dust in the air; (iii) increased in water retention; (iv) reduced CO2 and sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere; (v) increased tourism; (vi) income from sale of tree seedlings and flowers; (vii) protection of underground water (sewerage component); (viii) increased forest stock; (ix) reduced worm damage in trees (due to proposed increase in arboreal mix); (x) reduced firefighting cost (due to proposed fire barriers); and (xi) reduced damage to trees and flowers (due to proposed monitoring station).

73. The economic costs include the capital investment costs, operating and maintenance costs, opportunity cost of land, resettlement costs, environmental costs, and replacement cost of capital investment. Residual values were treated as negative cost at the end of the project life.

74. The economic rationale for the project is sound, based on improving the air quality, water quality, ecological environment, and living amenity. Least-cost analysis applied to each subproject will ensure that each has the optimal design in terms of scale, timing, location, and technology. Demand analysis, based on the projected usage charges, and incorporating price and income elasticities, has been a significant input in determining the scale for each subproject. Each subproject also has been subject to benefit-cost analysis following ADB's guidelines. The economic internal rate of return of the Project is forecast to be between 13.3% and 25.8%. Initial analysis of the four subprojects indicates that all these subprojects will meet the investment standards (one of the components has been qualitatively analyzed).

VII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

75. Two rounds of public consultation were conducted during the environmental impact assessment. The primary objective of the first round was to gather information on public concerns about the Project. The second round focused on communicating the EIA findings, proposing mitigation measures, and confirming public acceptance and satisfaction. Both rounds of public consultation focused on the project APs and beneficiaries of different age groups, genders, educational backgrounds, and occupations, as well as other stakeholders. Detailed public involvement is summarized in Table 3.

Table 3: Details of Public Involvement and Information Disclosure Subprojects Date No. of Participants Location Questionnaire Interview Meeting Kelijiang River 13–15 Jan 268 26 0 Xiangsihu New District upgrading 2005 22–25 Mar 175 12 0 2005 7 Feb—8 Public notice at Newspaper readers Mar 2005 Nanning Evening News Xinxujiang 27 Mar—2 178 16 0 No. 20 Middle School, River Apr 2005 Wenhua Residential upgrading 17–19 May 179 10 0 Area, Kaming Middle 2005 School, Hongyuan Primary School, Guangxi Ethnic Minority College 16 Jan Public notice at Newspaper readers 2005 Nanning Evening News Solid Waste 15–20 Jan 210 0 0 Urban Nanning, 2005 Xiangsihu New District, 18–25 Mar 200 0 0 Xianhu development 2005 zone, Wuming county 16 Jan Public Notice in Newspaper readers 2005 Nanning Evening News Qinxiushan 17–25 Jan 110 21 0 Urban Nanning park 7 Feb 2005 Public Notice at the Parker visitors and newspaper readers park entrance and Nanning Evening News 28 Feb 0 0 10 EIA Team Meeting 2005 Room Mar 2005 179 0 0 Qinxiushan park, urban Nanning 16 Oct 110 10 0 Qinxiushan park, urban 2005 Nanning EIA = environmental impact assessment. Source: Subproject FSRs and EIAs.

76. A concise project description for the first round of public consultation, as well as a summary of main EIA findings and proposed mitigation measures for the second round of consultation, were prepared and distributed (in plain language) to the public before or during the consultation. Before the second round of public consultation, project information, a brief description of EIA results and mitigation, and the EIA team’s contact hotlines were advertised in Nanning Daily and Nanning Evening.

77. From February to June 2005, the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) consultants, together with the local EIA staff, conducted another round of public consultation. This involved household interviews, and visits to project APs and other members of the local communities. The comments and responses from the public were used in finalizing the EIA documents. After approval, the EIA will be made available for public review at IA offices, the Nanning EPB, and the city public library. The EPB maintains hotlines (12369) for environmental complaints, which also will be made available to enable continued public inputs for the Project.

78. In addition, Government agencies, local governments, nongovernment organizations, and other project stakeholders have been engaged in rounds of consultations to discuss project locations, scope, environmental and socioeconomic concerns, and environmental management and mitigation plans.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environmental Management

79. The environmental management plan (EMP) covers all phases of the Project—from preparation and construction to commissioning and operation. It aims to ensure control of environmental impacts through monitoring and mitigation implementation. The full EMP of the Project is in Appendix 2, which will be incorporated into the construction and operation management plans of the Project as appropriate.

80. During project preparation and implementation, organizations with different environmental management responsibilities have been, or will be, involved in environmental management. These organizations include GEPB and Nanning Environmental Protection Bureau (NEPB), PMO, IAs, design institutes, environmental management consultants (EMC), and contractors and construction supervision companies (CSC). The PMO, contractors, and IAs will appoint dedicated and qualified environmental specialists to oversee environmental management and ensure implementation of the EMP. Table A2.4 (Annex 2) shows the organizational responsibilities in different project phases.

81. Bills of quantities of mitigation measures during the construction phase will be included in the tender and contract documents where appropriate. Contactors will bear the costs for mitigation measures during the construction phase, while IAs will cover those for the operation phase. Cost estimates are in Table A2.1. Each of the IAs will establish an environmental management office with two employees, and supported and supervised by the Nanning EPB and EMCs.

82. Plans for public involvement during the design, construction, and operation phases were developed during project preparation. These plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation phases, (ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits and social impacts, and (iii) interviewing the public after the Project is completed. These plans will include several types of public involvement, e.g., site visits, workshops, investigation on specific issues, interviews, and public hearings. These are presented in Table A2.3 (Appendix 2).

83. The PMO will ensure that the Project’s progress and impacts are monitored and reported in line with ADB requirements. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring results will be evaluated through the feedback reporting system. Corrective actions in responding to monitoring results will be taken if necessary.

B. Environmental Monitoring

84. A detailed environmental monitoring program is presented in Table A2.2 (Appendix 2). Environmental monitoring programs include (i) a comparison of actual environmental impacts with those predicted; (ii) performance of the mitigation measures, or compliance with related regulations; (iii) trends of impacts; and (iv) overall effectiveness of the project EMP.

85. During construction and operation, the IAs will engage a local environmental monitoring station (LEMS) for environmental compliance monitoring of parameters, locations, frequency, and time, as specified in the detailed project monitoring program. The LEMS will be selected through bidding by qualified LEMS in Nanning based on technical capabilities, staff qualification, experience in similar projects, and cost. Several such centers, all with qualified staff and adequate monitoring equipment and technical capability for monitoring water, air, noise, and soil will be selected. When complaints are received from the public, monitoring staff will conduct additional monitoring immediately.

86. Besides compliance monitoring, the PMO, IAs, and EMCs will prepare at the beginning of project implementation internal environmental monitoring programs for the construction and operation phases with higher monitoring frequency. These monitoring programs and budgets will be included in the construction and operation contracts and program, with mitigation measures monitored by the CSCs and EMCs. At the beginning of project implementation, the PMOs, IAs, and project implementation consultants will develop comprehensive project performance monitoring system (PPMS) procedures to generate data systematically on inputs and outputs of the project components, and develop detailed environmental and related socioeconomic indicators to be used to measure project impacts.

87. The contractors and IAs will submit the results from the detailed internal environmental monitoring and mitigation programs for the construction and operation phases to the Nanning EPB and PMO monthly and to ADB semiannually.

88. Environmental monitoring costs are included in Table A2.2 (Appendix 2). The IAs, contractors, and CSCs will bear the internal monitoring costs during the construction phase, and the IAs will cover those costs during the operation phase. Before implementing the monitoring plan, responsible agencies will present a more detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During project implementation, the budgets will be adjusted based on actual requirements.

C. Institutional Strengthening

89. The PMOs, contractors, and IAs, will nominate dedicated and qualified environmental specialists to undertake environmental management and ensure effective implementation of the EMP. The Forest Science and Technology Research Center, which also will function as the Public Environmental Awareness Center, will be staffed properly and equipped with necessary research facilities. Initially, the center will be staffed with 10 specialists and supporting staff.

90. As the IAs may have limited environmental management capabilities, training will be provided to help build their capacity.

IX. CONCLUSIONS

A. Project Risks

91. The main project risk is the low level of capacity at the city and county level. This capacity shortfall manifests itself in a number of ways, including (i) immature IAs, (ii) lack of awareness of policy and reform issues, (iii) limited IA awareness of ADB requirements, and (iv) low levels of financial management capability. Several measures have been identified to mitigate the project risks: (i) appointment of project implementation and monitoring consultants, including EMCs; (ii) EMP monitoring mitigation arrangements; (iii) EMP environmental management training; (iv) specific assurances from Government; and (v) project reviews by ADB. 23

92. The following assurances related to the environmental aspects of the Project are required: (i) The GZAR must ensure that the next phase of upgrading regional flood monitoring and control (SCADA) system is completed by 2010.

(ii) The NMG must ensure that (a) the local monitoring at Tianbao reservoir, Xinxujiang River, and Kelijiang River is established and compatible with the GZAR SCADA system for the future integration; (b) the strengthening and upgrading works to Tianbao reservoir will be completed before or at the time of completion of the project works; (c) Jiangnan and Langdong wastewater treatment plants and all associated arrangements (such as sludge treatment and disposal) are constructed (in phases) to provide adequate capacity to receive wastewater flows from that respective project areas of Xiangsihu new district and Qingxiushan Park, and that all associated measures for treatment are in place; and (d) trunk sewer development is completed in accordance with the sewerage Master Plan, making connections available in time to receive the local discharges from the project areas.

(iii) NMG must ensure that each IA contracts, operates, maintains, and monitors the project facilities in strict conformity with (a) all applicable laws and regulations; and (b) the environmental mitigation and monitoring measures detailed in the approved EIAs, SEIA, and EMP for the Project.

(iv) NMG must ensure that (a) the IAs engage enough full-time personnel and sufficient resources to monitor the implementation of the environmental monitoring program, under the guidance of GEPB and Water Conservancy Bureau of NMG; (b) monitoring reports will be provided to the PMO, which will coordinate the preparation of a semiannual environmental report on EMP implementation in a format acceptable to ADB, and that annual reports will be submitted to ADB by 31 March each year until loan closure; and (c) automatic water quality monitoring data will be obtained for the EPB of NMG to be utilized for water quality improvement of Xinxujiang River and Kelijiang River.

(v) NMG must ensure that (a) solid waste and wastewater tariffs are raised to cover all costs associated with solid waste collection, transfer, and disposal, as well as with sewerage and wastewater services, and are updated annually for all entities receiving solid waste and wastewater collection services; and (ii) all IAs establish and maintain a sound and solid financial management system in accordance with the ADB’s Guidelines for Governance and Financial Management.

(vi) NMG and each IA, in coordination with other appropriate agencies identified by NMG, must ensure that public awareness and education programs on health and hygiene behavior and managing wastewater and solid waste disposal during construction will be conducted in project areas.

B. Benefits

93. The Project will bring significant positive impacts to the safety and health of Nanning city

24 residents and assets by reducing flooding and associated pollution and health hazards in the northwest section. For the Kelijiang River component, the anticipated flood protection improvements are subject to the establishment of flood monitoring and control at Tianbao reservoir upstream from the project area by 2007. The Project will enable further urban expansion in the proposed area.

94. The Project will (i) significantly improve water quality in the project rivers; (ii) enhance safety of drinking water sources in downstream Yongjiang River; (iii) protect quality of the groundwater, especially in shallow aquifers; and (iv) help returning aquatic life to the project rivers. The Project also will assist the development of a model automatic water quality monitoring system to be used to control pumped flushing of the subproject flood retention facility.

95. The Project will convert the environmental hot spots affected by uncontrolled wastewater and solid waste discharges in Kelijiang and Xinxiujiang project areas into model green areas, improving the city’s environmental conditions and aesthetics.

96. The Project will enhance the quality of the urban environment by increasing CO2 absorption, dust retention, and O2 release of the “city’s lungs” through upgrading and expanding Qingxiushan Ecological Park. The Project will improve the environmental potential of Qingxiushan park by increasing biomass and forest coverage rate, protecting and diversifying forest species, promoting research to ensure forest sustainability, enhancing soil conservation, and promoting the use of the park for the city residents.

97. The Project will construct wastewater collection systems that will contribute significantly to the city’s environmental management, subject to the completion of the Jiangnan WWTP and the connecting trunk sewer by the end of 2006. The other necessary requirements are construction of tertiary sewers and property connections on time, and implementing appropriate operation and maintenance of the wastewater collection networks by the relevant development agencies of NMG. No adverse impacts from operations of Jiangnan WWTP are expected subject to adequate provisions for its operation and maintenance, including appropriate sludge disposal.

98. The Project will enhance city’s solid waste management efficiency through the introduction of a modern mechanized municipal solid waste transfer system, including new and upgraded transfer stations, optimized waste hauling operations, and improved street sweeping capacity. This system will minimize airborne dust and nuisance odors, improve community hygiene and sanitation by controlling insects and pests, and enhance the city’s cleanliness and aesthetics.

99. The Project will bring significant health benefits to about 650,000 people living in the project area, and will help upgrade the Nanning city environment. The Project will assist in achieving environmental management and pollution control goals, including a reduction in pollutant loads and surface water quality classification, set by the Guangxi Province 11th Five-Year Plan, the city’s Master Plan, and central Government. The Project will help NMG to promote the city as a green and environmental model city.

100. The Project will incur a number of adverse impacts in the construction phase, which will be mitigated to acceptable levels provided mitigation measures and monitoring plans are implemented fully. Appendix 1 25

REFERENCES A. Documents and Reports 1. Asian Development Bank. 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Manila. 2. Asian Development Bank. 2003. Environmental Considerations in ADB Operations. Operations Manual, Section 20. Manila. 3. Asian Development Bank. 2002. Environmental Policy. Manila. 4. Feasibility study reports of subprojects 5. Environmental Impact Assessment reports for subprojects 6. Nanning Municipal Master Plan (2004–2020), 2004 7. Information concerning EIA of this Project.

B. Laws and Regulations 1. Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (26 December 1989) 2. Water Law of PRC (1 October 2002) 3. Land Management Law of PRC (29 August 1998) 4. Water and Soil Conservation Law of PRC (29 June 1991) 5. Environmental Impact Assessment Act of PRC 6. Water Pollution Prevention Act of PRC (15 May 1996) 7. Solid Waste Pollution Control Act of PRC (30 October 1995) 8. Noise Pollution Control Act of PRC (29 October 1996) 9. Air Pollution Prevention Act of PRC (29 April 2000) 10. Environmental Protection Management Regulations for Construction Projects, issued by the State Council of PRC (December 1998) 11. Environmental Protection Management Directories for Construction Projects (No.9, [1999]), issued by State Environmental Protection Administration 12. Notice to Strengthen the Environmental Impact Assessment and Management of Construction Projects Financed by Loan from International Financial Organizations, jointly issued by SEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People’s Bank of China (21 June 1993)

C. Standards 1. Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guideline (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997), issued by SEPA 2. Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water of PRC (GH3838-2002) 3. Quality Standards for Groundwater of PRC (GB-T 14848-9) 4. Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) 5. Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) 6. Municipal Sewer Discharge Standard (CJ3082-1999) 7. Water Quality Standards for Agricultural Irrigation (GB5084-92) 8. Water Quality Standards for Fisheries (GB11607-89) 9. Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93) 10. Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996) 11. Ambient Air Quality Standard of PRC (GB3095-1996) 12. Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants of PRC (GB14554-93) 13. The Control Standards of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use of PRC (GB4284-84)

26 Appendix 2

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Introduction 1. The environmental management plan (EMP) covers all phases of the Project from preparation through commissioning and operation, and aims to ensure the monitoring of environmental impacts and the implementation of environmental mitigation measures. Maps of representative subprojects are in Figure A2.1 to Figure A2.3. 2. Environmental monitoring programs will be carried out, and the results will be used to evaluate (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts in comparison with the predicted impacts; (ii) the performance of the environmental protection measures, or compliance with related rules and regulations; (iii) trends of impacts; and (iv) the effectiveness of the project EMP. 3. Environmental protection measures will (i) mitigate environmental impacts, (ii) ensure compliance with environmental regulations, (iii) compensate for lost environmental resources, and (iv) enhance environmental resources.

B. Summary of Potential Impacts

4. Table A2.1 summarizes the potential impacts of the Project during construction and operation, as identified by the environmental impact assessments (EIAs), as well as corresponding mitigation measures designed to minimize those impacts.

C. Mitigation Measures

5. The mitigation measures will be incorporated into tender documents (where appropriate), construction contracts, and operational management plans. Contractors and project implementing units (PIU), under the supervision of the project implementing agencies (IA), will implement these measures. The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on the results of the environmental monitoring to determine whether to continue them or make improvements. Improvement measures need to be confirmed through stipulated environmental management procedures.

6. Resettlement plans (RP) were prepared to ensure proper resettlement of affected persons (AP) and avoid deterioration of APs’ quality of life. Details of required actions are in the project RPs.

Table A2.1: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Budget (CNY10,000) Remarks Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measuresa Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid Waste Qingxiushan Total

Construction Stage

Water Wastewater might result from z Enclose construction sites and 5 5 1 - 11 Construction drainage of earth stockpiles temporary sludge storage sites budgets and sludge storage site, with a temporary perimeter wall, concrete production, and build drainage ditches, and install storage of potential pollutants temporary sedimentation ponds; such as petrol or engine oils z Treat the effluent from the concrete mixing process in sedimentation ponds to buffer them with acid before their release to the river; z Store harmful products (fuel, lubricants, or other) at least 30 meters from surface water body; delineate an area and depth to contain accidental tank spill; and equip each workshop with an oil pit to burn oil as a fuel with firewood

Wastewater from workshops, z Install septic tanks for collection 5 5 2.5 12.5 Construction labor camps of wastewater from work camps budgets

Air Dust suspension from z Enclose construction sites 3.5 3.5 5 - 12 Construction construction activities budgets z Cover or spray water at exposed 2 2 2 2 8 Construction storage sites, minimize onsite budgets

storage of materials 2 Appendix

z Spray protective cover (organic 2 2 - - 4 Construction polymer film) at sludge storage budgets sites 27 Dust suspension from z Shed concrete mixing sites and 1 1 2 - 4 Construction transportation spray water during mixing budgets

28 Budget (CNY10,000) Remarks Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measuresa Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid Waste Qingxiushan Total

z Clean the transport vehicles 1 1 1 - 3 Construction 2 Appendix before they enter or leave budgets construction sites z Spray water on dusty roads, 1 1 1 1 4 Construction transport materials in covered budgets vehicles

z Control vehicle speeds and - - - - - Construction select transport routes budgets

Odor Spray liquid chloride of lime 0.5 0.5 2 - 3 Construction budgets Provide workers gas masks and 0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 Construction respirators budgets

Engage medical specialist at 1 1 construction site Noise Noise generated by vehicles Reasonable construction 5 5 9.5 1 20.5 Construction and construction machinery arrangements, installation of onsite budgets sound barriers, proper equipment, and correct operation and maintenance

Solid Refuse generated on Reuse or timely cleanup, transport 3 3 8.5 - 14.5 Construction Waste construction site in covered vehicles or in closed budgets containers

Disposal of surplus excavated Reuse surplus material in 136 136 - - 272 Construction material from river dredging construction, landscaping. budgets Transport sludge in closed containers to dispose at spoil site if testing shows material to be unsuitable

Environmentally safe disposal of dredged material surplus from reuse in the designated location with appropriate environmental protection provisions

Budget (CNY10,000) Remarks Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measuresa Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid Waste Qingxiushan Total Land Leachate from the sludge Construct drainage in the spoil site, 2 2 - - 4 Construction replant vegetation on completion of budget construction

Compact clay to prevent seepage 30 30 60 Construction budget Silt-laden runoff See Construction Stage “Water” 0 0 0 0 0

Ecology Removal or relocation of trees Replant trees on completion of 18 18 10 - 46 Resettlement construction Plan budgetsb

Greening along the riverbank 3,280 3,000 6,280 Construction Budget Soil Erosion from construction Pile straw bags around the sand - - - - - Soil Erosion erosion earthwork and disposal of and gravel stockyard and construct Prevention surplus materials drainage. Rehabilitate the Plan budget temporary area

Social Resettlement Implement Resettlement Plan in - - - - - Resettlement compliance with ADB policies Plan budgetsb

Other Traffic congestion, including Construct temporary roads, select - - 2 - 2 Construction inconvenience to pedestrians transport routes, divert traffic at budgetsb and shop owners peak hours, repair disturbed roads shortly after the construction, and make interim traffic arrangements

Operations Phase Waste- Overflow or bypassing of Install standby equipment at - - - - - Construction water wastewater pumping stations, use dual power budgets or and source supply system, implement IA’s O&M sewage proper maintenance program, budgets

enhance operational monitoring, 2 Appendix and emergency measures Wastewater discharge to Intercept discharges, impose 3 - - - - WCB, NEPB watercourses and leaks of stringent environmental and industry cross river sewage pipe management and pollution control, budgets 29 close monitoring of pipe river crossing area, and emergency plan

30 Budget (CNY10,000) Remarks Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measuresa Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid Waste Qingxiushan Total

Leachate from the transfer Timely collection and transportion 2 2 O&M budgets 2 Appendix station to landfill sites for disposal

Transfer station floor washing Pretreated at sediment tank and 3 3 O&M budgets wastewater then transported to landfill site; the new landfill is fully responding to all leachate and waste disposal requirements Damage to sewers or Selection of appropriate - - - - - Industry, wastewater treatment plant construction materials, adequate construction from corrosive industrial process control of WWTPs budgets discharges Air Odor from pump station Equip high-energy anion odor 30 30 0 0 60 IA budgets removal facility

Odor from transfer stations Timely spraying 0 0 5 0 5 IA budget

Transport solid waste in closed container equipped with drain tank Safety risk from toxic gases Install inspection and control 5 5 0 0 10 IA budget equipment, space manholes appropriately, provide ventilation, monitor atmospheric conditions, and adopt safe working systems and emergency measures

Noise Noise generated by pumps Select low-noise machines, locate 5 5 0 5 15 DIs and and machinery high-noise equipment indoors, construction install noise enclosures or buffers, Budgets semi-underground setting of pump stations

Noise during transportation of Plant trees along the transport 8 8 Construction solid waste roads budgets

Solid Sludge or silt from wastewater Timely cleanup and transportation 1 1 0 0 2 IA’s O&M Waste pumping stations and in covered containers budgets wastewater collection systems Dredging of sediments As needed 5 5 IA’s O&M accumulated in the water budgets retention areas of the two rivers

Budget (CNY10,000) Remarks Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measuresa Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid Waste Qingxiushan Total Waste from transfer stations Compact with domestic solid waste 2 2 IA’s O&M and transport to landfill site. The budgets new landfill is fully capable of all disposal requirements Environ- Collapse or leak from sewers Adequate design and construction, 10 10 0 0 20 Construction mental and proper O&M budgets or Risk IA’s O&M budgets

ADB = Asian Development Bank, GEPB = Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau, IA = implementing agency, m = meter, NEPB = Nanning Environmental Protection Bureau, O&M = operation and maintenance, PMO = project management office, WCB = Water Conservancy Bureau, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant. a Responsible agencies—implementation: IAs; supervisory agencies: NEPB and PMO; review agencies: GEPB, PMO, and ADB. b Budget can be determined only after completion of surveys and detailed design. Source: Subproject EIAs, PPTA estimates.

Appendix 2 Appendix 31

32 Appendix 2

D. Environmental Monitoring

1. Monitoring Program 7. The Project monitoring program will focus on the environment within the project area. A detailed environmental monitoring program is in Table A2.2. This program considers the scope of monitoring, monitoring parameters and frequency, data processing, and quality control requirements. For compliance monitoring, the monitoring will follow the methodology provided in the National Standard Methods for Monitoring Pollutants. Other associated standards are National Environmental Quality Standards and Pollutant Discharge and Emission Standards. The provincial and municipal Local Environmental Monitoring Station (LEMS) will be responsible for implementing this program of issuing permits and monitoring compliance. 8. Besides compliance monitoring, the project management unit (PMU), IAs, environmental management consultants (EMCs), and the construction supervision companies (CMCs) will prepare at the beginning of project implementation detailed internal environmental monitoring programs with greater monitoring frequency for the construction and operation phases. These monitoring requirements will be included in the project tendering documents and budgets, as well as the construction and operation contracts. At the beginning of project implementation, PMU, IAs, and the EMCs, will develop comprehensive project performance management system (PPMS) procedures to generate data systematically on inputs and outputs of the project components, and to develop detailed environmental and related socioeconomic indicators to be used to measure project impacts. Training for frequent internal, onsite environmental monitoring, part of the environmental training, will be provided to all contractors, CSCs, IAs, as well as the PMO. 9. The PPMS indicators for the Project include (i) service levels; (ii) soil erosion level; (iii) replanting; (iv) percentages of wastewater collected and treated; (v) user satisfaction with the urban environment; (vi) relevant economic and social data, such as income and health, to monitor project impacts; and (vii) other measures of operational performance. Under the PPMS framework, the IAs will report baseline and progress data at the requisite time intervals. The IAs will be responsible for analyzing and consolidating the data through their management information system (MIS). The PPMS will be designed to permit adequate flexibility to adopt remedial action regarding project design, schedules, activities, and development impacts. The PMO and IAs will refine the PPMS framework, confirm achievable goals, firm up monitoring and recording arrangements, and establish systems and procedures no later than 6 months after loan effectiveness. 2. Monitoring Management 10. During construction and operation, a LEMS will be responsible for environmental monitoring in the project area with the frequency, time, parameters, locations, etc., as specified in the project monitoring program (Table A2.2). Nanning has several LEMSs with qualified staff and monitoring equipment and technical capability for monitoring of the aquatic, air, and physical environment (noise); as well as receiving water conditions, solid waste disposal, and water pollution control, according to the monitoring plan. The laboratories of these LEMS are appropriately certified, assuring the accuracy of the analytical results and their legal standing. When complaints are received from the public, monitoring staff will conduct additional inspections immediately.

Table A2.2: Environmental Monitoring Program

Budget 10,000 (annually) Monitoring Details Tota 10,000 Item Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid waste Qingxiushan (annually) (KR) (XR) (SW) (QM)

Construction Phase

Air Monitoring Locations Site boundary Parameters TSP, Odor Compliance monitoring KR, XR, QM: 4 times a year, 2 days duration, 2 times a day 1 1 4 3 9 by LEMS SW: 4 times a year, 3 days duration, representative stations Internal monitoring by Weekly, 1 day duration, 2 times a day contractor

Noise Monitoring Locations Sensitive areas within 150 meters of construction site and buildings within 50 m from piling sites Parameters Noise Compliance monitoring KR, XR, QM: 4 times a year, 2 days duration, 2 times a day 0.5 0.5 2 0.5 .5 by LEMS SW: Monthly, 2 times a day, representative stations Internal monitoring by Weekly, 1 day duration, 2 times a day contractor

Water Quality Monitoring Locations Construction site

Parameters BOD5, COD, SS, pH, NH3-N, total N, total P, oil Compliance monitoring 4 times a year, 3 days duration 0.6 0.6 - 1.2

by LEMS 2 Appendix Internal monitoring by Monthly, 1 day duration contractor

Soil Erosion Monitoring 33 Locations Along the pipelines and spoil site Parameters Soil erosion amount

34 Budget 10,000 (annually) Monitoring Details Tota 10,000 Item Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid waste Qingxiushan (annually) (KR) (XR) (SW) (QM) Appendix 2 Appendix Compliance monitoring Monthly, 1 day duration 1.2 1.2 - 2.4 by LEMS Internal monitoring by Monthly, 1 day duration contractor

Operation Phase

Air Monitoring Locations Areas surrounding pumping stations and transfer stations, the SW container inlet

Parameters Odor, NH3, H2S, TSP Compliance monitoring KR & XR: 4 times a year, 3 days duration, 4 times a day 1 1 3 5 by LEMS SW: container inlet: Monthly, 1 day duration Representative transfer station: 2 times a year, 5 days duration Internal monitoring by IA Weekly, 1 days duration, 2 times a day Noise Monitoring Locations KR&XR: Outside areas within 2–5 m from pumping stations SW: 1 m from the compressors and each side of the transfer station Parameters Noise Compliance monitoring 4 times a year, 2 days duration, 2 times a day 0.6 0.8 2 3.4 by LEMS SW: Representative transfer stations: monthly, 1 day duration, 2 times a day Internal monitoring by IA Weekly, 1 day duration, 1 time a day

Surface Water Quality Monitoring

Locations Surface water control sections; sewage pipe river crossing area

Parameters BOD5, COD, SS, N

Compliance monitoring Various times and durations 1.2 1.8 - 3 by LEMS

Budget 10,000 (annually) Monitoring Details Tota 10,000 Item Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid waste Qingxiushan (annually) (KR) (XR) (SW) (QM) Internal monitoring by IA Not required Wastewater Quality Monitoring Locations Representative transfer station wastewater outlet, rotating among all transfer

Parameters BOD5, COD, SS, NH3-N Compliance monitoring Weekly for the first year 4 4 by LEMS Internal monitoring by IA Various times and durations Dredged Sediment Monitoring Locations Kelijiang and Xingxujiang river Parameters Dry solids, heavy metals, etc. Compliance monitoring Initial analysis for heavy metals followed by regular 0.5 0.5 1 by LEMS sampling afterwards Internal monitoring by IA Various times and durations as necessary for disposal purposes Ecological Monitoring Locations Qingxiushan mountain tree planting area Parameters Biomass, tree diameter, height, biodiversity, and disease and insect damage Compliance monitoring Once per year for the initial 5 years 4 4 by LEMS Internal monitoring by IA Various times and durations as necessary Pesticide Monitoring Locations Qingxiushan mountain tree planting area

Parameters Pesticides used in the mountains, as residues in soil and 2 Appendix receiving water bodies

36 Budget 10,000 (annually) Monitoring Details Tota 10,000 Item Kelijiang Xinxujiang Solid waste Qingxiushan (annually) (KR) (XR) (SW) (QM) Appendix 2 Appendix Compliance monitoring Once per year for the initial 5 years 2 2 by LEMS Internal monitoring by IA Various times and durations as necessary

BOD = biochemical oxygen demand; COD = chemical oxygen demand; KR = Kelijiang; m = meter; N = nitrogen; NH3 = ammonia; NH3-N = ammonia nitrogen; P = phosphorus; pH = factor of acidity; QM = Qingxiushan; SS = suspended solids; SW = solid waste; TSP = total suspended particles; XR = Xinxujiang. Note: PMO, IAs, and EMCs will prepare a detailed internal monitoring program for the construction and operation phases at the beginning of project implementation. In addition to regular compliance monitoring, other unannounced monitoring will be carried out to determine compliance. Source: Subproject EIAs, PPTA estimates, NEPB recommendations Appendix 2 37

E. Public Consultation

1. Public Consultation during Project Preparation 11. Direct public participation was an ongoing element in the development of the Project through two rounds of public consultation. EIA preparation agencies carried out these activities by following the People’s Republic of China (PRC) national guidelines, Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines. PPTA consultants supported the agencies, following Asian Development Bank (ADB) Guidelines Operations Manual (F1/OP issued on 29 October 2003).

2. Future Public Consultation Plan 12. Plans for public involvement during the design, construction, and operation phases were developed during project preparation. These plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation; (ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits, as well as social impacts; and (iii) interviewing the public after project completion. These plans will include several types of public involvement, e.g., site visits, workshops, investigation on specific issues, interviews, and public hearings (Table A2.3). 13. The public participation plans are part of the project implementation and management plan. IAs have primary responsibility for public participation during project implementation. The contractors will be asked to communicate and consult with the communities in the vicinity of the construction site. An eye-catching public notice board will be erected at each construction site to notify the public of the main construction activities and the construction duration. The board also will provide contact names and telephone numbers to enable the public to express their concerns and complaints about the construction activities. Costs for public participation activities during project implementation are included in the project funding. The costs are estimated as CNY22,000 for each expert workshop, CNY9,000 for each public investigation on a particular issue, CNY6,000 for each resettlement survey, CNY12,000 for each public workshop, and CNY5,000 for each press conference.

38 Appendix 2

Table A2.3: Public Participation Plan

Organizer Approach Times Subject Attendees

A. Project Preparation IAs, EIA Public At least once Project priorities, effects, Residents within preparation consultation attitudes toward the project, and construction area agencies, suggestions PPTA team Expert At least once Specialists from various workshop sectors PPTA team Public workshop At least twice Comments and Affected residents and recommendations of the public other stakeholders B. Construction Phase IAs, PMU Public At least once a Adjusting of mitigation measures Residents adjacent to the consultation and year if necessary, construction project areas site visits impacts, comments and suggestions IAs, PMU Expert At least once Comments and suggestions on Experts of various workshop or mitigation measures, public sectors, media press opinions conference IAs, PMU Public workshop At least once a Adjusting of mitigation measures Representatives of year if necessary, construction residents and social impacts, comments and sectors suggestions IAs, PMU Survey on As required by Comments on resettlements, Persons affected by resettlement relevant RP improvement of living conditions, resettlement and livelihood and poverty reduction; relocation comments and suggestions C. Operation Phase IAs, PMO Public At least once Effects of mitigation measures, Residents adjacent to the consultation and every 2 years impacts of operation, comments project areas, site visits and suggestions downstream beneficiaries IAs, PMO Expert As needed Comments and suggestions on Experts of various workshop or based on operational impacts, public sectors, media press public opinions conference consultation IAs, PMO Public workshop As needed Effects of mitigation measures, Representatives of based on impacts of operation, comments residents and social public and suggestions sectors consultation EIA = environmental impact assessment; IA = Implementing Agency; PMU = project management unit; PMO = project management office; PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance; RP = resettlement plan. Source: PPTA recommendations.

Appendix 2 39

F. Responsibilities and Authorities

1. Environmental Responsibilities and Institutional Requirements 14. The EMP will ensure effective implementation of identified mitigation measures. 15. During project preparation and implementation, various organizations with different environmental management responsibilities will nominate full-time dedicated, trained, and qualified environmental specialists to undertake environmental management activities and ensure effective implementation of the EMP. These organizations will include NEPB, LEMS, PMO, PMU, WCB, IAs, EMCs, CSCs, design institutes, and contractors. Table A2.4 shows the environmental responsibilities in different phases of the Project. Table A2.4: Environmental Responsibilities

Responsible Phase Environmental Responsibilities Agencies

Preparation Environmental Preparation of EIAs and EMPs for subprojects. institutes Preparation PMO, GEPB Review and approval of the EIAs, including EMPs

Preparation PMO, GEPB Review and approval of the SEIA ,including EMP

Design Design institutes Incorporate mitigation measures into engineering designs and contracts Design PMU, IAs Review and approve environmental measures

Tendering Contractors, PMU, IAs Incorporate EMP clauses into the bids

Construction EMCs, PMU Advise on implementation of mitigation measures

Construction Contractors Implementation of mitigation measures

Construction NEPB, EMCs, CSCs Supervise implementation of mitigation measures

Construction NEPB, LEMS, IAs, Environmental monitoring and periodic environmental inspection CSCs Operation EMCs, PMO Advise on compliance monitoring and internal monitoring requirements Operation NEPB, EMCs, WCB Supervise implementation of mitigation measures

Operation NEPB, LEMS Compliance monitoring

Operation IAs, WCB Internal monitoring, implementation of mitigation measures

CSC = construction supervision company; EMC = environmental management consultant; GEPB = Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau; IA = implementing agency; LEMS = Local Environmental Monitoring Station; PMO = project management office; PMU = project management unit. Note: EMCs appointed for project implementation will advise PMO and PMU and IAs and PIUs on carrying out their environmental responsibilities, budgeted inputs. The 17 person-months of consulting services will comprise 2 for international and 15 for domestic environmental specialist. Source: PPTA recommendations, NEPB

40 Appendix 2

16. The IAs will be responsible for environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures. They will ensure the EMP will be carried out, and will engage design institutes and professional consultants to help with environmental management during preparation, design, construction, and operation. The IAs will be responsible for reviewing and responding to any adverse impacts beyond those foreseen in the EIAs, as reported in the monitoring and supervision reports. They also will attend to the requests of EPBs and ADB for actions to mitigate the impacts. 17. Construction contractors and IAs will be responsible for implementation of mitigation measures during construction and operation, respectively. IAs will be responsible for engaging LEMS to conduct the required environmental monitoring during both the construction and operation phases.

18. In accordance with the EMP, the IAs will establish an environmental management office, which generally will require two employees. During the Project, this office will be responsible for (i) implementing the EMP and developing further implementation details; (ii) supervising implementation of mitigation measures during construction; (iii) implementing training programs; (iv) incorporating environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures into construction and operation management plans; (v) developing and implementing internal routine environmental monitoring; and (vi) reporting performance of the EMP to the responsible agencies. This office will be supported and supervised by the respective NEPB and EMCs. Each PMO will have one environmental specialist.

19. Local governments will ensure that IAs will have financial and managerial autonomy to operate the project facilities. As the IAs will have been established recently, they have limited environmental management capacities. Environmental management training provided under the Project will strengthen their capacity (Table A2.5), and these activities will be incorporated into the construction and operation management plans.

20. The EMCs will advise the PMO and IAs on all aspects of environmental management and monitoring for the project components. The EMCs will (i) review project environmental practices and procedures; (ii) guide environmental standard setting and assist in implementation procedures; (iii) review the startup of the Project; (iv) advise on mitigation during construction and operation, in accordance with the EMP; and (v) investigate and make recommendations on other environmental issues.

2. Institutional Strengthening and Training

21. EPM institutional strengthening and training activities are presented in Table A2.5. Environmental specialists of NEPB, LEMS, and IAs will receive training in environmental management, monitoring and supervision, mitigation planning, emergency response, environmental policy making, and other environmental management techniques. Funding for this training will be included in the project budget, and in the operation and maintenance (O&M) budgets during operation.

22. GEPB and NEPB are capable of enforcing pollution control. The relevant regulations and pollution control measures are in place.

Appendix 2 41

Table A2.5: Institutional Strengthening and Training

Strengthening Agencies Strengthening Plan Timing Activities

Capacity Building IAs, NEPB Institutional organization, During project preparation and implementation development of responsibilities for each position

Monitoring Same as Procurement of related During project preparation and implementation above monitoring instruments and equipment

Cost Total Number Period (CNY/ Cost Training Attendees Contents Times of (days) person/ (10,000 persons day) RMB) EMP implementation IAs, PMO, Development and 1 2 20 300 1.2 and adjustment, NEPB, adjustment of EMP, settlement of disputes contractors emergency response, environmental laws and regulations, environmental management Environmental IAs, PMO, Engineering technologies, 2 2 20 300 2.4 processes NEPB, pollution control, equipment contractors selection and procurement, operation, control and maintenance of treatment processes Water quality and IAs, PMO, Monitoring methods, data 2 2 20 300 2.4 quantity monitoring NEPB, collection and processing, LEMS, reporting system contractors Water source protection PMO, WCB Development and 1 1 6 300 0.18 monitoring of water source protection schemes

Industrial pollution PMO, Development, operation, 1 5 20 300 3 control NEPB, and monitoring of industrial industry wastewater pollution control facilities Environmental policies IAs, PMO, Environmental laws and 1 1 20 300 0.6 and plans NEPB, regulations, environmental contractors management, emergency response Health and safety contractors Health and safety 1 1 20 300 0.6 procedures, public safety protection, infectious disease control, construction camp hygiene

Total 10.38

EMP = environmental management plan, IA = implementing agency, LEMS = local environmental monitoring station, NEPB = Nanning Environmental Protection Bureau, PMO = project management office, WCB = Water Conservancy Bureau. Source: PPTA recommendations.

42 Appendix 2

G. Reporting and Supervision

23. The compliance monitoring reports will include (i) the project background, (ii) construction activities, (iii) environmental conditions, (iv) measurement or sampling locations, (v) analytical results, (vi) interpretation and implication of the monitoring results, (vii) determination of compliance with applicable regulations and standards, and (viii) recommendations for improvement. The PMO will submit compliance monitoring reports to ADB, as appropriate.

24. During construction, results from the internal monitoring by contractors and CSCs will be reflected in the weekly construction reports. The reports will include environmental issues during construction, mitigation measures taken (if any), and consequences of the impacts to the environment and/or surrounding communities.

25. The contractors will be trained to enable them to take immediate actions to correct unexpected adverse impacts, or ineffective or insufficient mitigation measures, as required by the EMP. The PMO and IAs also will respond to these reports to ensure contractors have taken the right actions in time. Additional measures might be taken, if needed, to ensure all issues raised by these monitoring reports will be addressed appropriately.

26. The contractors and IAs will submit monthly the results from the detailed internal environmental monitoring program and mitigation actions for the construction and operation phases to the NEPB and PMO. GEPB and/or ADB may request that further actions be taken for environmental mitigation, as they deem necessary; and may determine further mitigation measures for different stages, if necessary.

27. The PMO will submit to ADB the EMP progress reports and information, including project implementation, and environmental performance of the contractors, IAs, and environmental project management consultants. These reports will include: (i) semiannual reports on project implementation; and (ii) a project completion report no later than 3 months after projection completion. Progress reports will emphasize cover water quality improvements, monitoring results, implementation of mitigation measures, environmental compliance, training, and capacity building.

28. The PMO, with the assistance of the project consultants, will monitor and assess project activities under the PPMS, including environmental targets. The PMO will report to ADB semiannually on the physical implementation, including environmental aspects of the project to ensure that its progress and impacts are monitored and reported in line with ADB requirements.

H. Work Plan

29. Before construction, IAs will develop detailed responsibilities and requirements for contractors, and detailed cost estimates of mitigation measures and environmental monitoring in the construction contracts. The PMO and IAs also will specify detailed responsibilities of their environmental management offices, and prepare their work schedules.

30. Before operation, IAs will develop detailed work plans for environmental management and monitoring during operation based on the EMP. These work plans will be submitted to NEPB and PMO for their supervision of the implementation of these plans.

Appendix 2 43

I. Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates

31. IAs will develop detailed plans for procurement of equipment and materials, and civil works for implementing mitigation measures and monitoring plans. These plans will be incorporated into the project contracts. Environmental considerations will be incorporated into the procurement procedures to ensure environmentally responsive procurement.

32. Cost estimates for mitigation measures and monitoring plans are summarized in Table A2.1 and Table A2.2. NEPB will bear compliance monitoring costs. IAs, contractors, and CSCs will bear the internal monitoring costs during construction, while IAs will cover those costs during operation. IAs will ensure the necessary budgets are available for their monitoring. Before implementing the monitoring plan, responsible agencies will present a more detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During project implementation, the budgets will be adjusted based on actual requirements. The design institutes will prepare a detailed breakdown of the internal monitoring cost estimates. Contractors will bear the costs for all mitigation measures during construction, which will be included in the tender and contract documents. IAs will bear the costs related for mitigation measures during operation. The Project will cover the costs for the EMCs and for the training.

J. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment

34. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated through the feedback reporting system. Adjustment of measures required by the EMP will be carried out, if necessary. The PMO and NEPB play critical roles in this feedback and adjustment mechanism, as shown in Figure A2.4. 35. Feedback and adjustment will be carried out in two tiers. Upon request for EMP modification by the contractors and/or IAs, NEPB will review the proposals in detail and consider their acceptance or rejection. Contractors and IAs then will submit specified corrective measures to NEPB for review. NEPB will consider comments and suggestions from GEPB and ADB. Appropriate responses and revisions of the EMP will be implemented, if necessary. Contractors and IAs then will undertake appropriate timely adjustments of the EMP during project implementation and the operation of project facilities.

Figure A2.1: Location Map of Xinxujiang Subproject

XINXUJIANG SUBPROJECT WATER RETENTION RESERVOIR

Expressway

Artificial Land

U p p e r L a k e

Daxue Road

N Animal Zoo Lower Lake

Xinxujiang Park Upper Lake Lower Lake Green Land Flood Control Gate Road Existing Flood Drain Pumping Station Proposed Fresh Water Pumping Station

05-prc5865d RM Source: Asian Development Bank. Figure A2.2: Location Map of Kelijiang Subproject

KELIJIANG SUBPROJECT WATER RETENTION RESERVOIR

Water Body

Road

K e l i j i a n g

R i v e r

Yongjiang River

Source: Asian Development Bank. 05-prc5865a RM

n t

a n

u k

r .

Seeding Base 3

Qingxiu Mountain Resort

Y r o o

n j MASTER PLAN FOR g e j i c QINGXIUSHAN ECOLOGICAL PARK a t n g SUB-- PROJECT

Village Pond

Vegetation Area Urban Road N

Mix Residential Park Road

0 Urban Residential Proposed Road

8 Subproject Area

R M

Figure A2.4 Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment of Environmental Management Plan

GEPB ADB

Reporting Comments and Suggestions

NEPB, PMO

Documentation of Project Adjustment

Comments and Suggestions

Contractors IAs

Feedback on Performance

Implementation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Programs

ADB = Asian Development Bank GEPB = Guangxi Environmental Protection Bureau IA = implementing agency NEPB = Nanning Environmental Protection Bureau PMO = Project Management Office Source: PPTA recommendations