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Cassava in China Inad• Era of Change , '. -.:. " . Ie'"d;~~aVa in China lnan• I j Era of Change A CBN Case Study with Farmers and Processors ~-- " '. -.-,'" . ,; . ):.'~. - ...~. ¡.;; i:;f;~ ~ ';. ~:;':. __ ~~,.:';.: GuyHenry an~ Reinhardt Howeler )28103 U.' '1'/ "'.'..,· •.. :¡g.l ... !' . ~ .. W()R~mG,~6t:UMENT 1§:º~~U'U~T'O~OIln1ernotlonol CeMe:r fer TropIcal AgrICultura No. 155 Cassava Biotechnolgy Network Cassava in China InaD• Era of Change A CBN Case Study with Farmers and Processors GuyHenry and Reinhardt Howeler Cover Photos: Top: Cassava processing in Southern China í Bottom: Farmer participatory research in Southern China I I Al! photos: Cuy Henry (ClAn, July-August, 1994 I I¡ ¡ ¡, I Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, CIAT ! Intemational Center for Tropical Agriculwre I Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali, Colombia G:IAT Working Document No. 155 Press fun: 100 Printed in Colombia june 1996 ! Correa citation: Henry, G.; Howeler, R. 1996. Cassava in China in an era of change. A CBN case study with farmers and processors. 31 July to 20 August, 1994. - Cali Colombia: Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, 1996. 68 p. - (Working Document; no. 1 ~5) I Cassava in China in An Era of Change A CBN Case Study with farmers and processors in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces of Southern China By: Guy Henry and Reínhardt Howeler luly 31 - August 20, 1994 Case Study Team Members: Dr. Guy Henry (Economist) International Center for Tropical Agriculture (ClAn, Cal i, Colombia Dr. Reinharot Howeler (Agronomis!) Intemational Center for Tropical Agricultur<! (ClAn, Bangkok, Thailand Mr. Huang Hong Cheng (Director), Mr. Fang Baiping, M •. Fu Guo Hui 01 the Upland Crops Researcll Institute (UCRIl in Guangzhou. Mr. Xie Peijin (Economi,!), College of Econ. and Trade, South China Agric. Univ. in Guangzhou. Mr. Vin Shunyi ¡Processing 5pecialist), Development Dept., Guangdong Food Industry Office in Guangzhou. Mr. Jin Sou Ren (Dept. Manager) and Mr. Chen Ke Qiang (Processing Specia1istl of the Nanning Chemical Industrial Group Corp. in Nanning. Mr. Tían Vinong (Agronomist) 01 the Guangxi Subtropical Crops Researeh Institute (GSCRIl in Nanníog. Mr. líu Vijun (Economísl), Guangxi State Farm Bureau in Nanniog. Mr. Wang Sunang (Director), Mr. lín Xiong ¡Oep. Directorl, Mr. Zhang Weite (Agronomi,!) and Mr. Lí Kaiman ollhe Soulh China Agrie. and Animal Husbandry Institute (Iormerly the 50uth China Trap. Crops Research Institute) at Ihe Chinese Aeademy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) in Danzhou, Haínan. Mrs. Gua Jian Chun (Economis!) in the Dep!. 01 Economícs 01 the South China College 01 Tropícal Crops ín Danzhout Hainan Funding Support: CIAT, Cassava Program Níppon Foundatíon, Japan Specíal Project for Biotechnology and Developmellt Cooperatíon, DGIS, The Netherlands ) Contents INTRooualON 1 The general objective Specific objectives METHOOOlOGY 2 Stratification and Samplíng Frame 2 Team make-up 3 Check list 3 Program and Collaborators 4 Itinerary 4 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ANO INSTITUTIONAl ASPEaS 7 RESUlTS 8 Guangdong 8 Production aspects 8 Utilization and benefitslcosts 10 Cassava starch processing 10 Constraints and opportunities 11 Cuangxi 11 Production aspects 12 Utilization 13 Starch processing 14 Constraints and opportunities 14 Hainan 15 Production aspects 16 Uti I ization and benefits/costs 17 Cassava problems and opportunities 18 CONCLUSIONS ANO RECOMMENOATIONS 20 , ,f t !f ii ¡ ___...l. t Tables and Figures in Text TABLES Table 1: Cassava area, yield dnd production in China, 1954-1993 22 Guangdong Province Table 2: Cassava area, production and yield in districts and cities of Guangdong province of China in 1989, 1990 and 1991. 23 Table 3: Cassava area, yield and production in counties within districts of Guangdong province of China. Data are average from 1971 to 1980 and 1980 alone. 24 Table 4: Cassava area, yield and productíon in various counties of Zhaoquing district, Guangdong province of China in 1991 and as eompared to 1980. 27 Table 5: Supplementary data on c1imate, soils. and agrieulture in Guangdong province, China. 28 Table 6: land use, erops and eropping systems in Guangdong province, China. 29 Table 7: Cassava varieties and agronomie practices in Guangdong provinee. China. 30 Table 8: Principal eassava varieties in Guangdong provínce, China and their eharacterísties. 31 Table 9: Cassava utilization and associated labor use, prices, costs, and income in Guangdong province. China. 32 Table 10: Major cassava starch and starch-based product factories in Guandong provinee 33 Table 11: Cassava proeessing in three eounties of Guangdong province, China. 34 Table 12: Guangdong eassava farmers problems. ranking and solutions mentioned (average of 3 villages). 35 Guangxi Province Table 13: Cassava area, production and yield in distticts and eities of Guangxi province of China in 1989, 1991, 1992 and 1993. 36 Table 14: Cassava area, yield and production in counties within districts or eíties in Guangxi province of China in 1992 and 1993. 37 Table 15: Area, production and yield of erops in Guangxi province, China, in 1990. 40 Table 16: Supplementary data on c1imate, soils, and agriculture in Guangxi province, China 41 iii " Table 17: Land use, crops and cropping systems in Guangxi province, China. 42 Table 18: Cassava varieties and agronomic practices in Guangxi province, China. 43 Table 19: Principal cassava variet¡es in Guangxi province, China and their characteristics. 44 rabie 20: Cassava utilization, socio-economics, labor use, prices, costs and income in Guangxi province, China. 45 Table 21: Major cassava starch factories in Guangxi province. 46 Table 22: Cassava processing in four counties of Guangxi province, China. 47 Table 23: Costs, income and profitslha of various crops in Guangxi province, China in 1990. 48 Table 24: Guangxi cassava farmers problems, ranking and solutions mentioned (averages of 5 villages). 49 Hainan Province Table 25: Cassava area, yield and production in the various districts of Hainan province, China in 1979, 1989, 1991 and 1992. 50 Table 26: Supplementary data.on dimate, soils and agriculture in Hainan province, China. 51 Table 27: land use, crops and cropping systems in Hainan province, China. 52 rabie 28: Cassava varieties and agronomic prcatices in Hainan province, China. 53 Table 29: Principal cassava varietíes and characteristics in Haínan provínce. 54 Table 30: Cassava utilizatíon and socio-economics in Hainan province, China. 55 Table 31: Major cassava starch and animal feed factories in Hainan province. China. 56 Table 32: Cassava processing in three counties of Hainan province, China. 57 Table 33: Hainan cassava farmers problems, ranking and solutions mentioned (averages of 7 villages). 58 Table 34: Summary of agronomic practices for cassava in China 59 FIGURES Figure 1: Route taken during RRA in cassava growing areas of China, August 1 - 20, 1994 6 F.igure 2: Cassava growing areas in China in 1989 60 iv Figure 3: Districts (or cities) in Guangdong province of China, and location of principal cassava processing factaries 61 Figure 4: Counties in Guangdong province of China 62 Figure 5: Cassava production zones in Guangdong province af China in 1987 63 Figure 6: Districts and cities of Guangxi province af China, and location of principal cassava processing factories 64 Figure 7: Counties, cities and suburbs in Guangxi province of China 65 Figure 8: Cassava growing areas of Guangxi province of China in 1989 66 Figure 9: Cassava production area in the various districts of Hainan province of China in 1992 67 Figure 10: location of cassava starch and animal feed factories in Hainan province 68 v C~ssava in China in an Era of Change INTRODUCTION Since the late 1980's the Peoples Republic of China (further referred to as China) has been undergoing very significant polítical, economic and social changes. To a large extent this also has had implications on its cassava sector. In general, the cassava sector has slowly evolved írom a semi-subsistence tradition lo a markel orientalion. Especially the cassava starch processing industry is gaining significan! importance. In general, information on the cassava sector has been scarce. The little information that is available, mostly is in Chinese. A first holislic analysis of the cassava sector was annotated by Stone (1987). However, most data in the report was up to 1984-85. Given the lack of recent information and given the dynamics of the cassava sector during the 90's, Chinese scientists have expressed their interest in seeking col/aboration in the collection and analysis of current cassava sector information. During the First Chinese Cassava Workshop in Hainan, 1992, a Strategic Cassava Research Planning Exercise was proposed, discussed and agreed lo (Henry, 1992). As a first activity, a Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) of the cassava sector was proposed. This and additional information was to serve as the basis to develop a cassava research agenda for a consortium of research institutes and universilies involved in cassava research activities in Soulh China. The RRA was an opportunity for CBN to get further involved in a dien! oriented research priority setting. The general objective To conduct a Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) with farmers and processors in the three majar Cassava growing provinces of China, in order to gaín a better understanding of cassava production and utilízatíon in the country and to analyze the major constraints and opportunities from the farmers and processors perspective. Specific objectives: (1) To obtain a fírsl impression of the principal characteristics
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