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^^ While truck sales have been, steadily increasing, ^^ International sales have kept pace with the in­ dustry's gain. Noticeable, however, is International's position in the heavy-duty field (2 tons and greater capacity). Official new truck registration figures for the first six months of 1935 show that 31.1 per cent or one in every three new trucks registered in that IN THIS ISSUE class were Internationals To provide the Refrigerated Trucks for Retail Milk Delivery, by Edwin A. Hunger, greater production facilities necessary to meet International Trail staff writer ... the increasing demand for International Trucks the Automotive Admirals, five fleet executives .... Naval Stores, A Company has just announced an expansion program Major Southern In­ which involves the expenditure of a million dollars at dustry, by Julian S. Tabor, Jacksonville the Fort Wayne (Ind.) Works and three-guarters of branch .... Consoli­ a million dollars at Springfield (Ohio) Works dated Delivers for 250 Minneapolis Firms, This growing preference for these sturdy transporta­ by T. W. Green, Min­ tion units is the result of their operating economy, neapolis branch .... Transportation, The dependability, and the fact that users of high-quality, Pulse of Progress, by heavy-duty hauling equipment have learned that no W. L. Cunliffe, traffic manager, Standard truck is better than the service back of it Brands Limited .... With Internationals, users know, it is not necessary On The Job, transportation news pictures .... Strip Mining Calls to carry heavy stocks of parts. These are quickly for Sturdy Trucks, by obtained from the nearest of 230 Company-owned Carl D. Smith, Fire­ stone Tire & Rubber branches and service stations maintained by the Co Canada, Harvester organization in as many leading trucking news pictures from the Don\inion .... centers in the United States and Canada—the largest Making Things Grow service organization of its kind in existence in Florida, by G. D. Chamberlain, adver­ In addition, there are more than 4,300 International tising manager, The truck dealers whose service facihties augment those Gulf Fertilizer Co.... Overseas, interesting of Company A service network that assures Moffett Studio Photo views of Internation­ International truck owners that no matter where their Carl D. Smith als abroad.... Detroit Brewery Keeps Close Check on trucks might go, there they will find service of the Costs, by Edwin A. Hunger. highest order. 4

INTERNATIONAL TRAIL Dedicated to the Wider Development of Transportation Throughout the World Published by the International Harvester Organization 606 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois S. E. Houston, Editor G. V. Johnson, Art Editor Vol. 12 August, 1935 No. 4 l\jM/U43J^A4XtcxL J/ltLck^

FOR RETAIL MILK DELIVERY

By EDWIN A. HUNGER

gC. J. Wieland, of Chicago, W whose progressive ideas have stimulated the development of many modern-day methods of handhng and processing milk, notably the glass-lined tank truck and railroad tank car, has again clicked with something new and worth while, a refrigerated house-to-house milk Driver removing milk from the refrigerator compartrnent of one of the delivery truck. new C. J. Wieland & Son, Inc., house-to-house milk delivery trucks. IWr. Wieland has been connected with the Chicago dairy industry his entire business career, having begun Several types of ordinary light motor truck branch, with the sugges­ in a humble way at the age of motor trucks were utilized on the tion that such a refrigerated compart­ fifteen years with his father, who thirteen routes when Mr. Wieland ment be built into the Model M-2 first engaged in the dairy business took over the Glenview Dairy Com­ International house-to-house milk in 1893. Throughout much of his pany. He quickly sensed the need truck. This is a specially designed colorful career he has been a leader of something new in delivery equip­ truck with low driving compartment in Chicago dairy developments and ment. In his efforts to solve his which permits the operator to drive has served as president of several new delivery problem, his thoughts while standing. prominent dairy companies. repeatedly went back to the days Mr. Frick in turn conferred with On February 11, Mr. Wieland when he was a wagon driver and to Harvester Company engineers and inaugurated a new project by pur­ the hardships of the job, especially soon had them at work designing chasing the Glenview Dairy Com­ in the summer when the milk had to the refrigerated compartment that pany, which operated thirteen routes be packed in ice and it was impossible Mr. Wieland desired. Mr. Wieland on Chicago's north side. In the to keep his clothing clean or dry then placed his order for thirty of short period up to the time of inter­ because most everything he handled these specially equipped M-2 house- view (May, 1935) he had built the was wet from the melting ice. Then, to-house Internationals. They have business up to thirty routes. Mr. he thought of the thousands of milk just recently been delivered to C. J. Wieland is associated in this new drivers of today who must submit to Wieland & Son, Inc. venture with his son, Harold G. the same inconveniences. The refrigerated compartment Wieland, and Dewey A. Tannler, Suddenly, the idea of a special built into each of these thirty M-2 and operates under the firm name refrigerated compartment with dry Internationals for C. J. Wieland & of C. J. Wieland & Son, Inc. Mr. ice as the refrigerant occurred to Mr. Son, Inc., is 58 inches wide, 52 Wieland, of course, is president; Wieland. Always a man of action, inches high, and 54 inches deep, and his son, who is thirty-two years old, he immediately broached the idea to holds twenty-four cases of milk is vice-president; and Mr. Tannler, H. A. Frick, manager of sales, the (twelve bottles to the case). There secretary and treasurer. Chicago International Harvester are four refrigerator doors and a set International Trail August, 1935 of racks leading from each door be utilized at the beginning of routes quite impractical the old, wet way of along which the cases are slid in and or in the early morning before tiie delivering milk. out. The two top doors open up­ milk will change its temperature Each truck is painted a very ward and the two lower, downward. very considerably after leaving the attractive silver aluminum, which The dry-ice bunker is mounted on cooler for the storage of additional is a good reflector of sun rays. Tests the top on a conductor plate which cases of milk. Space is also available prove that in hot weather there is a forms the ceiling of the refrigerated on top for nine cases of empties. difference of from 10 to 15 degrees in compartment. This bunker will hold Cases of empties may also be carried temperature inside from that outside 50 pounds of dry ice, which is suffi­ in the front compartment with the when a vehicle is painted with this cient to keep the temperature down driver; thus it is practically never type of paint. Green is the contrast­ to 40 degrees or lower on the hottest necessary to return warm, empty ing color used and was obtained with days. During the first week of bottles to the refrigerated compart­ a special mixture of blue and green operation in May, 25 pounds a day ment and so raise the temperature. —Wieland green it may be called. was sullficient and tests showed that The big advantage in using a The running board and fenders and temperatures down to 38 degrees refrigerated compartment such as a 2-inch band across the middle of were obtained. In cool weather a this is the fact that the milk can be each side and the rear are painted perforated retarding plate made of delivered as cold and as fresh as it this Wieland green. The advertis­ rubber is used to conserve the dry leaves the plant in a bottle that ing message and the Wieland emblem ice. In winter, it will also frequently stays clean and dry. The wet, are also in this green, bordered with be unnecessary to use the dry ice, dirty cap with milk oozing out as the black. In the panel above the for the milk will then tend to retain milk warms and expands, that so middle green band on each side of the same temperature in the refrig­ often prevails in the summertime the truck the name of the concern is erator compartment that it has when when cases are ice-packed, is printed in large-sized letters, and it leaves the cooler at the plant. obviated. Then, there is the gene­ below is printed the legend "Milk The entire outfit, including the doors ral cleanliness in handling the milk Products." Between the two is a and the ice bunker, is provided with which makes it possible to have well- large-sized reproduction of the a 3-incli layer of insulating material. dressed, clean-appearing driver-sales­ Wieland emblem. Below the green There is also an inch-thick layer of men which will make a real appeal to middle band is the legend "Refrig­ insulating material in the roof of the the housewife and enhance the men's erated Service to Your Door." truck. Space is also provided under effectiveness as salesmen. The C. J. These trucks are real traveling the refrigerated section for six cases Wieland & Son, Inc., drivers, for billboards and they have already of milk or for empty bottles. It is example, are dressed in natty dark- proved most effective advertising enclosed with sliding doors and may gray uniforms, which would be mediums for C. J. Wieland & Son, Inc. It is becoming a regular procedure for people to ask tiie Below: The C. J. Wieland uniformed drivers about the trucks & Son, Inc.. fleet of thirty they stop to make deliveries, silver-colored Model M-2 as International house-to- and especially to inquire about the house milk trucks spe­ cially equipped with re­ refrigerating facilities and then wind frigerator compartments. up by becoming customers. On the In the foreground, left to right, Harold G. Wieland, very day when the fleet photograph vice-president; C. J. Wie­ land , president: and Dewey A. Tannler, secretary and treasurer. The drivers shown are all dressed in natty gray uniforms. The refrigerated trucks make possible the delivery of milk in clean bottles and at the same ten\perature as when it leaves the cooler at the plant.

One of the 30 dry-ice re­ frigerated Internationals in the Wieland fleet. JEemational Trail i:gust, 1935

from which one of the accompanying back doors of prospective customers every ten days. By providing the illustrations was reproduced, two over all their routes. men with clean, attractive uniforms, persons were interested in this way Another outstanding advantage Mr. Wieland said it is easy for the in the trucks and became customers in utilizing efficient, specially de­ men to talk cleanliness to the -each a two-quart-a-day customer signed house-to-house delivery trucks customers and get the idea eff'ective- as Mr. Wieland put it. The fact equipped with refrigerated compart­ ly over that milk delivered in these that the drivers are dressed in special ments such as these thirty M-2 special C. J. Wieland & Son, Inc., uniforms is another feature that has Internationals just purchased by refrigerated trucks operated by uni­ real advertising value. C. J. Wieland & Son, Inc., is the formed drivers IS clean. The trucks, themselves, are proven pride and satisfaction evinced by the To be successful in the milk busi­ units. They are approximately 25 drivers in operating them. Their ness, Mr. Wieland declared, you've per cent more efficient in saving work is so clean compared with the got to have a quality product and time on frequent-stop routes than old method of delivering milk. And you've also got to give real service, the conventional truck. Fleets of then there is the greater comfort in but you first must give the driver door-to-door trucks from 25 to more driving, especially in the summer service so he in turn can give the than one hundred are becoming when by keeping the doors closed the proper kind of service to the cus­ numerous; in fact, there is a decided temperature inside the trucks will tomers. One of the surest ways to trend among city dairies to make all be 10 to 15 degrees or more less accomplish this, Mr. Wieland states, their deliveries, just as is being done than outside. The result is that the is to provide the men with up-to-date by C. J. Wieland & Son, Inc., the drivers are imbued with a spirit of equipment such as these new M-2 speedy, efficient, and economical cheerfulness that just naturally helps refrigerated house-to-house delivery automotive way. Carefully main­ them to be popular with regular trucks, which help so much to im­ tained cost figures show that the customers and to keep them and to prove the drivers' working condi­ cost of operating an M-2 Interna­ add new customers to their routes. tions, both in the way of comfort and tional is very low—around 6 cents Since the work is so satisfying, also, cleanliness. compared to the old way of deliver­ per mile, in fact. And where so large In selecting new drivers, Mr. ing milk, it is possible to hold the a percentage of the payload must Wieland said he likes to hire men who better types of drivers. go for drivers' wages, low-vehicle are clean-cut and at the same time operating cost must be held down One of the uniformed drivers, who quiet and unassuming. He has no to such a low figure to provide a has had a number of years of experi­ time for the boastful type, he profit. ence on retail milk routes, was asked asserted. He also tries to fit the Features of the M-2 International about this new way of delivering man to the neighborhood he travels are easy handling, short wheelbase, milk—the C. J. Wieland & Son, Inc., in; if Polish people predominate on accessibility of loading space, com­ way. First, he mentioned how much a man's route, for instance, then a paratively large load capacity, low more friendly the drivers are to each Polish driver should operate that driving-compartment floor, and other, especially early in the morn­ route. Before being hired, a man extra-wide doors, all of which help ing, and what this meant in getting must also pass a physical examina­ to make speedier and more economi­ started right on one's route; then he tion. The men work on a combina­ cal deliveries possible. In congested very pertinently remarked that his tion salary and commission basis, areas its short wheelbase and short- son described the change for the receiving $40 a week salary and 6 turning radius contribute to easy better most pointedly by saying he tenths of a cent for each point over handling and easy parking. didn't smell "horsey" any more. 1,330 points. In dairy parlance, a In announcing the acquisition of The dark-gray uniform of each point is a quart of milk or its equiva­ their fleet of new M-2 Internationals driver includes a blouse with zipper lent in value of other products such specially equipped with refrigerated and front pocket and a ventilated as buttermilk, cream, chocolate milk, compartments, C. J. Wieland & visor cap. The pockets in the cottage cheese, tomato juice, eggs, Son, Inc., made use of an unusual trousers are oversized and of leather or butter. All drivers are union circular which they call a "Dairy- for carrying money. The special men. A-Gram." It is addressed "To the company emblem, the same as on the Meetings of the drivers are held Housewife of Chicago" and fea­ trucks, in gold on the cap above the monthly, at which talks on sales and tures the refrigeration idea and the visor and over the front pocket of safety are always in order. It is fact that "each of the trucks is the blouse always identifies the men planned also to have dinner meetings manned by a courteous, efficient as driver-salesmen for C. J. Wieland at least twice a year. As a safety salesman in FULL UNIFORM" & Son, Inc. A clean shirt with black measure, all trucks are provided with are played up. The drivers dis­ tie completes the ensemble. The governors which permit a maximum tributed copies of the circular to uniforms are dry cleaned and pressed {Please turn to page 16) International Trail August, 1935

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In 1914 Fred R. Hatch, president, ConsolidateJ • Delivery Service, started a parcel delivery business in Minneapolis with one truck and two partners who he bought out two years later. The business prospered. In 1931 six trucks were hard pressed to handle deliveries, In that year he merged his business with that of W, R. Wright, now Consolidated vice-president, who operated the Rapid Transit Delivery Service. Mr. Wright's first experience in delivery work began in the horse-and-wagon days in Chicago, thirty years ago. There he had charge of a delivery system of fifty-two units. In 1911 he was transferred to Minneapolis by his firm to install a new delivery system. Liking Minneapolis possibilities, he declined an offer in 1928 to return to Chicago in command of a large fleet. Firmly believing that the Consolidated plan would do away with much duplication of expense for retailers, thereby reducing delivery costs, he organized the Rapid Transit Delivery Service. Consolidated, with these experienced retail delivery ex­ ecutives at its head, now employs 60 people and operates 40 trucks in serving 2S0 firms.

F. R. HATCH W. R. WRIGHT

J. G. Bedingfield, vice-president and manager, Poin- • settia Dairy Products, Inc., Tampa, Florida, milk distributors and ice cream manufacturers, began his career in the dairy and ice cream business twenty-four years ago as a bookkeeper. He later established the Frozen-Rite Ice Cream Company which was merged with Poinsettia eight years ago. Under his jurisdiction comes also the company's fleet of 60 trucks operating out of the Tampa, Orlando, St. Peters­ burg, Lakeland, Bradenton, and Clearwater plants and the well-equipped Tampa garage which handles all service work. Mr. Bedingfield also finds time to fish, hunt, and play golf. He is a past president of the Tampa Kiwanis Club in which he is especially active.

J. G. BEDINGFIELD # 14-70 Whether or not the throng of east coast Florida • winter tourists get their milk, bacon, eggs, and sausage for breakfast on time depends to a large extent on theL. & L. Freight Lines operating fast overnight refrigerated trucks between Jacksonville and Miami, 360 miles. Such deliveries are necessary due to lack of proper storage facilities in resort centers, sufficient to take care of the big winter flTLflnrpi increase in demand for food. T. A. Leonard is president and general n:\anager, and W. J. con Leonard is vice-president and treasurer of the company. From a modest beginning in the storage and transfer busi­ ness in Savannah, Ga., the company has grown steadily. In 1924 the business was moved to Miami; in 1930 long-haul service was started with three trucks. During the past five years the business has expanded continuously, until now WE As sixty-two trucks are operated, fifty-two of which are used on regularly scheduled freight lines, and the other ten in Miami transfer business. Just recently overnight service was ex­ tended to Atlanta, 350 miles from Jacksonville. In the Jack­ I • ^M^gjig..-- jaw — ...JiU- sonville freight warehouse a modern body building plant employing four men is maintained in connection with the service station. All new trucks purchased in the past year T. A. AND W. J. LEONARD have been Internationals. T. A.'s hobby is fishing, and Bill's is hunting; however, they attribute their success to the lack of time they harve had to indulge in these hobbies.

EARL F. WINTERS

Years of experience in the trucking business J. E. COULTER • were behind Earl F. Winters, president, and Harry G. Arnesen, vice-president, before they organ­ ized highly successful Trucking, Inc., to operate J. E. Coulter, general superintendent, Canadian Pacific between Detroit and Chicago, Detroit and Pitts­ • Express Company, Toronto, supervises the operation of burgh, Chicago and Pittsburgh, and between Cleve­ his company's motor vehicles employed in pick-up and delivery land and those cities. Twenty-foot semi-trailers service throughout the Dominion. The distinctive red of the com­ pulled by Internationals, all painted a conspicuous pany's trucks is seen on the streets of all of Canada's principal reddish orange and attractively lettered in cream centers. "Accurate cost figures and watchful maintenance," says and black, constitute the company's road equip­ Mr. Coulter, "are vital in keeping our equipment at its best." ment. This fleet and its operation were described in There are many Internationals in this far-flung fleet. the June, 1935, International Trail. llxx/vxiL K:ii4yijGAy A MAJOR SOUTHERN INDUSTRY

By JULIAN S. TABOR

The production of naval stores • has always been a picturesque industry. Its history reaches back many centuries before the beginning of the Christian Era when natives of Asia prepared oils and pitches from gum or resin of the trees which grew on the shores of the Mediterranean. The gum or oleoresin, which oozes from a longleaf or slash pine tree when it is chipped, was cooked into pitch in the old days and the products received the name "naval stores" when pitch and tar were used in building and repairing ships and for fixing sails and tackle. Although present-day naval stores are turpen­ tine and rosin, the products of the distillation of pine tree gum are used in the manufacture of articles un­ related to ships but the old name still clings. While these commodities were of great importance to commerce in An International Model B-4, one of several owned by the Turpentine & Rosin ancient times, they are still more Factors, Inc., delivering supplies to the Julington Turpentine Company. important today. Although little known outside of the coastal plains the South Atlantic and Gulf States. cent of the world's crop, 50 per cent section of the South Atlantic and By 1820 the United States had be­ of which is normally exported. Other Gulf states, the naval stores industry come, and still is, the world's largest naval stores producing countries, in is one of the oldest in America. The producer of these essential raw the order of their importance, are collection of gum from pines and the materials. France, Russia, Spain, Portugal, making of pitch and tar dates back Coastal plains soil is sandy and al­ Greece, and Mexico. More than to the early 1600's when the ships though some crops are raised on it 50 per cent of the United States that brought early settlers to Vir­ there are large areas unsuited for production during the last few years ginia returned to England laden with growing anything but pine trees. has come from Georgia, with Florida these materials. Regular produc­ This is one of the big reasons why running a close second. tion started about 1665 in North the United States is the largest There are two methods of pro­ Carolina and gradually spread south producer of naval stores in the world, ducing naval stores. The original and west through the costal section of the annual production being 60 per and still principal method involves

From pine trees like these comes the gum or oleo­ Another Turpentine & Rosin Factors, Inc., Inter­ resin from which turpentine and rosin are pro­ national. This C-40 with semi-trailer is delivering duced. Note cups for catching the gum. turpentine to the Jacksonville Municipal Docks. International Trail August, 1935

securing the crude gum from live pines by weekly chipping during about thirty weeks of the summer and gathering the gum which exudes for distillation into turpentine and rosin. The second method involves the extraction of oleoresin from stump-wood and the production therefrom of wood rosin, steam-dis­ tilled to turpentine and pine oil. The latter method, comparatively new, was developed by Homer T. Yaryan, an inventor assisted by J. E. Lockwood, a consulting engineer. This method, known as the steam and solvent process, now accounts for more than 20 per cent of the From time to time the cups in which the gum is gathered must be United States production of rosin "cooked" to remove the hardened residue. and 15 per cent of the turpentine. Mr. Lockwood built the first plant, in the production of turpentine and through a twenty-barrel capacity using this method, at • Gulfport, rosin. It is operated by Julington coil which is surrounded by a tank Miss., in 1909, and later established Turpentine Co., L. B. Jones and of water. When the turpentine con­ a second plant at Brunswick, Ga., A. A. McDonald, owner and manager denses it is barreled and since it so both for the Yaryan Naval Stores Co. respectively. Gum for this still is easily penetrates wood the turpen­ This great Southern industry supplied by 70,000 trees, all of tine barrels are lined with a coating brings $50,000,000 income to 50,000 which are over the minimum size of glue. The residue left in the still people. Twelve thousand four hun­ that can be worked, measuring over is rosin. At about 310° Fahrenheit dred gum operators work 100,000,000 9 inches in diameter at 4^ feet from it is drawn out and run through trees, and their gum is processed by the ground. three strainers of wire and cotton about 1,100 stills. Although there In extracting the crude gum a batting into a trough, then dipped are a number of uses for turpentine, small section is cut from the tree to {Please turn to page 19) 85 per cent of it becomes thinner expose gum-pro­ for paints and varnishes. The next ducing cells and major use is in the manufacture of a cup is hung be­ shoe polish, requiring about 5 per low to catch it. cent of the production. The gum is col­ Three manufacturing industries lected in barrels consume from 75 to 80 per cent of and at the still the rosin. These in the order of the nine barrels of it greatest volume are paper and paper are placed in a size; soap of the yellow or laundry twelve and one- variety; and paint, varnish, lacquer, half barrel ca­ and enamel. Other products taking pacity still which about 20 per cent of the rosin are is enclosed in axle grease and oils, linoleum, sealing a brick oven. wax, pitch, insulation and plastics, Three and one- printing ink, and leather. half to four hours Near Mandarin, Fla., seventeen heating drives miles south of Jacksonville, is a still, off the spirits typical of the majority employed of turpentine CONSOLIDATED

FOR 250 MINNEAPOLIS FIRMS

By T. W. GREEN

Two hundred fifty Minneapolis poses the represen­ • business houses have turned tative of the more their delivery problems over to the than 250 different Consolidated Delivery Service which firms for which he operates a fleet of forty trucks and must deliver mer­ gives employment to between fifty chandise. and sixty people. One of the International half-ton panel trucks recently All delivery men added to the Consolidated Delivery Service fleet. Consolidated Delivery is one of dress alike. In win­ the largest of its kind in the North­ ter they wear dark west and has grown to its present blue jackets and in summer gray close of business each day and importance as the result of twenty- work shirts, black ties, and military brought to the central warehouse, one years of eflort to give Minne­ caps. Inspections are held weekly. where a night crew sorts them into apolis merchants quick, accurate, The Consolidated Delivery Service routes. When the driver reports in and dependable service. In 1934 the is worked with military precision. the morning his packages are ready; company delivered over one million It has to be, Mr. Wright declared, he simply loads and starts out on his packages and expects to make a or packages wouldn't be delivered on route. He will have packages from million and a half deliveries this year. time. One rule of the firm has been many stores, but all sorted in the Fred R. Hatch, president of that every package picked up from a order of stops. Consolidated Delivery Service, store must be delivered that same In preparing for the afternoon started in this business in 1914 with day, and so far none has been carried delivery, more speed is necessary in one truck. In 1931 he formed a over. picking up the packages since sorting partnership with Walter R. Wright, The organization demonstrated time is very short. Pickups are experienced in fleet supervision in its efficiency during the past Christ­ started at 1:00 o'clock and every Chicago and Minneapolis, who oper­ mas holiday season when it was package must be in by 2:15; sorted ated a delivery service known as the called upon to handle the greatest and on the way by 2:45 P.M. In Rapid Transit Company for several volume in its history. Functioning order to do this no driver is given years in Minneapolis. Today Con­ without the slightest hesitation. Con­ more pickups to handle than he can solidated delivers for 80 per cent of solidated rendered its customers a take care of in an hour and a quarter. the stores on Nicollet avenue be­ service which has been reflected in Among the smaller stores one truck tween Fourth and Twelfth streets. many letters of commendation. will collect from just one city block; Its highly specialized delivery serv­ The company's trucks make two for the larger stores, depending on ices gives small stores the same pickups a day from the stores and size, there will be from one to two advantages as the larger stores, Mr. two regular deliveries are made in large trucks. Wright explained. The firm main­ both Minneapolis and St. Paul each The company also has what is tains a neutral attitude toward all day, mornings and afternoons. The called a "special hourly service," its customers and the unit delivery packages are brought to a central which means that any store can send system has found favor with the station where they are sorted into a special delivery any hour to any public. routes. Deliveries to suburban dis­ part of the city from 9:00 in the Much of the success of this enter­ tricts and Lake Minnetonka are morning until the close of the busi­ prise is due to the special attention made once a day, in the morning. A ness day. Packages that cannot given to the selection of workers. customer may make a purchase in wait for the hourly service are sent Each employe must measure up to any store served in the afternoon "special rush." A man is sent im­ the qualifications necessary for effi­ and the package will reach its desti­ mediately to answer the call and cient work. Each driver is given a nation the next forenoon, or if the delivers the package. special course of instruction and purchase is made before 1:00 P.M. In addition to its other services. must be more than an ordinary it is delivered the same day. Consolidated Delivery also operates driver as he is to all intents and pur- Packages are picked up at the {Please turn to page 20)

From a start of one truck in 1914 Consolidated Delivery Service, Minneapolis, has become one of the largest of its kind in the Northwest. The fleet now numbers forty units.

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^^ THE PULSE OF PROGRESS fe By W. L. CUNLIFFE, Traffic Manager, Standard Brands Limited The year 1935 marks the 401st Carefully planned schedules govern the accomplishment of what has • anniversary of the first voyage the movement of Fleischmann ometimes seemed the impossible. of Jacques Cartier to Canada, and products from various distribution The delivery system of Fleish- the erection on the soil of Gaspe of centers so that even in emergencies mann's Yeast is second only to the the Cross, ornamented with the Fleur the Fleischmann delivery system Royal Mail. It reaches everywhere. de Lis, signifying possession of the never fails. It accomplishes a task In fact, any baker who can be reach­ country for God and for the King of unexcelled by any other private en­ ed by mail, express, or stage line is France. terprise in delivering the company's served with Fleischmann's Yeast in Since the memorable year many products to Canadian bakers across good condition, and with regularity. events have left their indelible mark our far-flung Dominion. To accomplish this, the network of on the sands of time. On the highways of Ontario and Fleischmann's agencies across the Canada's evolution, from a new Quebec and along the gravel roads continent is equipped with the most virgin country into the great Domin­ of the Maritime and Western Prov­ up-to-date refrigeration to ensure the ion that she is today in the British inces, the Fleischmann delivery car supply of fresh yeast at all times. Commonwealth of Nations, is a is a familiar sight. Nowithstand- Only two other food products, milk heritage of which every Canadian ing winter blizzards, floods and and fresh meat, can boast a deliv­ may well be proud. storms, the Fleischmann delivery ery system approximating that of The story of her agricultural, system and the Royal Mail vie with Fleischmann's Yeast. The distribu­ industrial, and commercial develop­ each other in their service to a tion of these products, however, is ment is too well known to need community. The work they do is carried out by numerous local com­ elaboration. One of the great factors tremendous, the ground they cover panies and meat packers. But the in our country's progress has been almost endless. With its unbroken delivery of Fleischmann's Yeast to the degree of unity made possible record of a never-failing delivery to the bakers in all sections of Canada by development in transport and every customer, often under the is carried on by one organization communication. most adverse conditions, it is not alone. The birch-bark canoe, the dog without some justification that this Standard Brands Limited operates sled, the snow shoe, and the horse delivery system may pride itself on 198 cars from Halifax, N. S., to of the early settler have, in turn, {Please turn to page 20) been replaced by the railways fol­ lowed and supplemented in turn by the steamship, telegraph, telephone, electric railway, automobile, aero­ plane, and radio. Until the middle of the last century, methods of transport and communication in Canada remained much the same as they were when Jacques Cartier first arrived on our shores four cen­ turies ago. Since then the transition has been more or less rapid, the achievement of recent years giving promise to great advancement in the future of all transport facilities, particularly perhaps, the motor ve­ hicle. Abreast of this march of progress is Standard Brands Limited, whose traffic department, operated by the Fleischmann Transportation Co., maintains an uninterrupted delivery service of Fleischmann products to all its customers from coast to coast. The traffic offices, located at stra­ tegic points across the Dominion, carry on the time-honored tradition One of the many International trucks that help to assure of Fleischmann Service—"The baker bakers and retailers of fresh Standard Brands products in must have his veast at all costs." Canada. This half-ton unit is in service at Chatham, Ont. Below: Three Inter­ national half-ton Five of six Internationals owned' panel trucks re­ Wholesale Grocery Company, Jer cently placed in field Included in this fleet are three Mi^ inspection service by three Model C-50 trucks, the lai TheNewYorkEdison been placed in service in Febri Company.

Right: This lnt« owned by the I Seattle, Wash., iiei_ oil, and service staiji to the company's li tions in King count)!

This Model C-60 and attractive semi trailer is employed by the Puget Sound Freight Lines in freight hauling be­ tween Olympia and Aberdeen, Wash., making occasional trips to Seattle. Tractor and trailer are finished in a light cream shade with dark blue let­ tering. %

^1 ifir-r'if 1 Alt Hei6elkrq AltHeiltt LflCER BEBR_ H< IS. i. I isj COLUMBIA BREWERIES. f\c:. r'sgrisL

This Model C-60 with sleeper cab and attractive 6-wheel, 14-ton semi-trailer with refrigerated body handles bottled and keg beer deliveries for the Columbia Breweries, Inc., in Washington and Oregon. Truck and trailer are painted bright red with blue, white and gold lettering.

Below: Interior and exterior views of one of two 125-inch wheelbase half-ton Inter­ national ambulances owned by the Department of Water & Power, City of Los Angeles. This Right: M. S. Ross, unit is used at the Mono Basin Olympia, Wash., project where 300 men working contractor, uses this out of four camps are employed C-1 pick-up truck on a three-year, 11-mile tunnel for getting around project. Equipment includes the job and for de­ regular hospital stretcher on livering tools and rubber-tired wheels, seat for supplies. This pho­ six, first aid supplies and other tograph was made required accessories. Due to the during the construc­ speed and easy riding qualities tion of a new cut-off of these ambulances, they have on the Pacific High­ proved ideally adapted to their way. work.

A long wheelbase, half-ton panel truck, one of a fleet of 13 Inter­ nationals owned by the Kennedy Laundry Company, Chicago.

Left: These giant six-wheelers were recently placed in service in Chicago by the Socony-Vacuum Oil Com­ pany, Inc. One of the International Model C-60 trucks with gondola semi-trailer owned by the Pyramid Coal Corporation and em­ ployed in the company's strip mine near Danville, 111.

CALLS FOR STURDY TRUCKS By CARL D. SMITH, Firestone Tire & Rubber Company

Few realize the tremendous metal along with cheap power meant earth's crust, whether stone, shale • influence coal has had upon the great industrial expansion and tre­ or earth over the coal. development of modern civilization mendous developments in coal and Where the land is extremely un­ and its importance to modern life. iron fields during years following. even on the top, where the coal vein It supplies about three-fourths of all In the United States it is thought is deep down or covered with heavy the energy necessary to keep the coal was first discovered in 1701 at stone, shafts are sunk into the earth wheels of industry turning and it Richmond, Va. It was not is indispensable in iron and steel commercially mined, however, production. Industrial greatness of until 1750. Since that time the nations has been built by exploita­ mining of coal in the United tion of rich coal deposits. Wars States has grown rapidly with have been fought to gain possession expansion of steam power and of coal land and national survival the ever - increasing use of iron in time of war has depended upon and steel, and since 1920 the the possession of coal. United States has led the world The development of this great in coal production, mining some industry dates back many centuries. 375,000,000 to 400,000,000 tons It is believed coal was used by the annually in twenty-nine states Chinese before the Christian Era of the Union—about 6,000 and by the Britons before the Roman pounds for each individual in conquest. As early as 1306, com­ the country. plaints of the injurious effects of All this tremendous tonnage coal smoke in England caused Ed­ of coal must be taken from ward 1 to attempt to decree that all under the earth's surface. It is but smiths, "eschew the obnoxious removed or mined by three dif­ '•**& material and return to the fuel we ferent methods, depending upon used of old." the topography of the land However, the significance of coal under which the coal lies, the in world economy, goes back only depth the coal lies under the to the Eighteenth Century. In 1709, surface, and the type of the the practical application of coal in smelting of iron was discovered. This meant cheap iron and steel for Truck haulage in strip mines reduces equipment invest­ machinery. Later came the steam ment, operating expense and engine and cheap power. The cheap speeds production.

12 International Trail August, 1935 ' and the coal is mined underground side of her trench, and that big brute haulage which the operators of strip either by the "long wall" method operates as simply and as easily as mines cannot and will not, or have where it is mined away and the your automobile. not, overlooked. mine filled as the mining goes on, or Then down goes the bulldozer, a The one great reason in favor of by the "room and pillar" method mere flea alongside the big shovel, to trucks in strip mines, is that they where the coal is taken out in rooms clean the surface of the coal, knock­ work so perfectly in unison with the leaving pillars of coal between to ing away loose dirt and stones and other machinery that the entire support the "roof" overhead. scraping off part of the slaty berm mine and preparation plant runs Where the topography of the land of the coal. Next comes the coal more efficiently and more uniformly is fairly even and the coal is twenty shovel, two to five yards capacity, than with rail haulage. to seventy feet under the surface removing the coal which has been Rail cars are loaded in trains. This and there is not too much stone to blasted loose by dynamite and requires considerable time and means interfere, the coal can be mined by dumping it into trucks or cars to be that a big lot of coal gets to the prep­ stripping away the dirt and rock, hauled to the preparation plant. aration plant at one time. Then known to miners as overburden, All coal must be hauled from the there is a wait for another trainload. with gigantic power shovels, leaving small mining shovel in the pit to In the meantime, the coal shovel is the coal uncovered ready for mining the preparation plant at the railroad idle while trains are switching in and with small power shovels. Strip connection. This haulage from the out of position for loading. With I mining of coal is comparatively new pit to the tipple or preparation plant trucks or trucks and trailers, the commercially. The farmer who pro­ has developed from wagons to one and coal shovel works continuously with duced coal from out croppings on his land probably started this method of mining. It was not long until mining men became interested and installed small excavating machines by which they removed the overburden and mined the coal, hauling it away to a tipple where the coal was prepared for sell­ ing to the trade. They soon learned that activities were limited to a small volume of coal unless more and deeper overburden could be removed. They also needed more power to remove harder overburden so they went to work developing bigger, more powerful stripping units. The amount of coal mined depends entirely upon how much can be uncovered. Bigger stripping shovels were needed and so they were built larger and larger, 8 cubic yards capacity, then 10, 12, and up to 22 cubic yards capacity, just about 32 tons. Some bite! Some mouthful; but a 22-yard shovel spits it out on Robert Morrow, owner of the Morrow Truck Lines, Evansville, Ind., owns the top of a spoils bank 85 feet high this truck and four other Internationals, all of which he operates under and goes back for another bite so contract in the Petersburg, Ind., strip mine of the Patoka Coal Company. easily and unconcernedly that you hardly can believe what your eyes two-ton mine cars pulled by mules, little loss of time all day long and have seen. And that is not all, for then to mine cars of 5-ton capacity the trucks arrive at the preparation they are building shovels larger and pulled by narrow gauge locomotives, plants at regular intervals during will soon have one built that will to 40 and 50-ton cars on standard the day, keeping the preparation have 30 cubic yards capacity—810 gauge track pulled by large locomo­ plant busy and at even production cubic feet—44 tons, 88,000 pounds of tives, and finally to truck haulage. at all times. earth at one bite! Truck haulage in these mines is When a train jumps the track or The operation of a coal stripping new. Where trucks have been breaks down, all operations are tied mine is colorful indeed. The giant properly used, they have been highly up. If a truck breaks down, it is stripping shovel begins by gnawing successful. It is reasonable to be­ simply pulled aside, a reserve truck into the crust of old mother earth. lieve that the apparent advantages put to work and the entire operation Bite after bite it takes until it has of the truck over the rail car will lead goes on efficiently without percept­ dug a trench, known as the pit, 20 to greater use of trucks, particularly ible delay. to 70 feet down to the surface of the in new mines, in the near future. In winter, when coal sales are coal, 30 to 100 feet wide and possibly Aside from possible economic sav­ running high, the rail car becomes over a mile long; thousands upon ings in investment in equipment and more difficult to operate; switches thousands of tons of dirt removed in operating expenses, there are become frozen, rails frosty, and the and piled on a spoils bank to one several decided advantages in truck {Please turn to page 20)

13 Right: Rogers Fruit, Winni­ peg, operated this A-5 trac­ tor truck more than 100,000 miles and then added the attractive streamlined trailer for greater load capacity.

In 1892 the Ottawa Trans- portation C o n:i p a n y started river freight service Speedy house-to-house bread delivery at between Otta­ low cost is assured by the use of this M-2 wa and Mon- truck owned by Mammy's Bread, Hamilton. treal with The attractive body is white with blue trim, seven tugs and presenting a ne^^lean appearance. eighty-eight river barges. These two C-50 trucks run on the land to continue on land the tra­ dition of low- cost service.

Fred Bigham & Son, Wood­ stock, Ont., claim an crease of fifty 3er cent in business since they added Two thousand gallons constitute the load of this C-35 and this C-50 used by Leather Cartage, Hamilton. streamlined It is maintaining the fine record establishet^ semi-trailer to by other Internationals in the fleet. their fleet.

Below: There is plenty of pep, power, and good looks in this C-30 owned by John Labatt, Lim­ ited, Winnipeg. It is one of an exclusively Inter­ 'roKE national fleet at that point. LRA.2462 Illuhina Uninq^ ^Acrui

ATX ^Lcniclcv By G. D. CHAMBERLAIN, Advertising Manager, The Gulf Fertilizer Company

"Wealth and fertility unlimited able plant foot for Florida farms and were moved to Tampa. Five times • are in Florida soil." The words groves. since then it has been necessary to are those of a famous newspaper The Gulf Fertilizer Company was rebuild or enlarge manufacturing man. But every year the thought organized in 1903 by L. R. Woods facilities. The present large fac­ is expressed by thousands of visitors who recognized, even at that time, tory, built in June, 1928, is one of as they view with astonishment the the great agricultural possibilities the most modern and best equipped broad scope of Florida's agricultural of Peninsular Florida. Of course, fertilizer plants in the entire South. industry. those were pioneer days in the Back in 1924, L. R. Woods retired Thousands of acres of green beans, fertilizer industry. Little was known from active duties and transferred tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, pep­ about the needs of trees and plants. the reins of management to the pers, potatoes, eggplant, and water­ Groves and farms were compara­ capable hands of C. T. Melvin, vice melons. Millions of boxes of lus­ tively few. But those that were president. Mr. Melvin is well known cious oranges, tangerines, and grape­ planted proved the possibilities of amoung the leaders of the fertilizer fruit. All grown in order that the the future. Jacksonville was the industry, being at the present time nation's tables may be well supplied only center of distribution in those president of the National Fertilizer with fresh fruit and vegetables days, and one of the big reasons for Association. He has been untiring during the long winter months. locating the first factory in south in his efforts towards the betterment While most Florida soils are Florida was to facilitate distribution, of fertilizer methods and has evolved naturally fertile, the continued grow­ thereby reducing the cost of fertilizer a number of practical ideas which ing of such tremendous quantities of to the user. have been of inestimable value to fruit and vegetables makes addi­ The original factory was built on Florida growers. Other members of tional fertility desirable. As many the banks of the Manatee River, the company's executive staiT in­ as three crops are frequently grown near the town of Palmetto, and was clude F. J. Woods, treasurer; L. P. and matured on the same piece of appropriately known as the Manatee Woods, secretary; and G. D. Sloan, land during a single season. So that Fertilizer Company. So great was sales manager. every year there is removed from the the success of the young organiza­ This business of manufacturing soil much valuable plant food which tion that it was soon necessary to plant foods is not without interest must be replaced if quality crops are secure larger premises and facilities and color. Few people realize the to be grown consistently. And that's to meet the increased demand for its vastness of the industry. Materials the job of the Gulf Fertilizer Com­ products. So within two years after for fertilizers are gathered from every pany at Tampa—furnishing depend­ its incorporation the ofifice and plant section of the world.

Loading Gulf Brand Fer­ tilizers on an Interna­ tional Model C-40 at the company's Tampa plant. The speed, dependa­ bility, and operating economy of Internation­ als are important factors in The Gulf Fertilizer Company's selection of these sturdy transporta­ tion units. International Trail August, 1935

Forty per cent Gulf Fertilizer's If production is being delivered i rect to the grovei farm by truck. T C-40 Internation with four-wh trailer is showi Sarasota, Fla,, o way to make a sack delivery near-by eel grower.

From the arid plains of Chile, for whaling industry, goat manure from fields not later than the followii instance, comes a great part of the San Domingo, jute for making bags day, often the day it is ordered. nitrate of soda used on American from India, and, of course, countless Of course, one of the principi soils. In this particular section of domestic materials. factors in maintaining such aff Chile it has not rained in recorded Perhaps the greatest adventure of unusual service is the dependability history. Natives, working in tre­ all is that which the public hears the of transportation equipment. There mendous heat, mine the crude prod­ least about, the adventure that goes is no time for "break downs" or uct known as "caliche." Water is on within the laboratory of the costly repairs. There must be no piped long distances from the Pacific chemist and scientist. Long hours slip-ups. Deliveries must arrive on Ocean for the purpose of dissolving have been spent in painstaking time, and not once has an Interna­ the caliche, and after further refining research into the properties of the tional fallen down on the job. In it is shipped to America in great soil and feeding habits of plants. getting to many farms and groves quantities. Bone, animal tankage, Even today there are many things it is often necessary to traverse • and animal blood are important and which are not known about plant almost impassable areas of deep expensive organic materials. While feeding, but great progress has been sand; but regardless of the condition our own country produces large made and will continue to be made. of the roads, International Trucks quantities of these materials, a great It has not been so many years ago have always come through on sched­ amount comes from the plains of when it was thought that the soil ule. And best of all, accurate cost Argentina where countless millions was entirely lifeless. Now we know records show them to be exception­ of cattle are raised. it to be very much alive and to be ally economical in operation. Another excellent fertilizer mate­ inhabited by many minute organisms rial which is used in great quantities upon which fertility is dependent. REFRIGERATED TRUCKS by American manufacturers is the The gathering together of ma­ product known as South American terials, formulating of various mix­ (Continued from page 3) bird guano. Off the west coast of tures, and the actual manufacture of speed of 25 miles per hour. The aver­ Peru and Chile there are high and finished plant foods all present age length of each route is 35 miles, rocky islands barren of all vegeta­ problems which consume much labor, and the average number of stops per tion except perhaps an occasional thought, and expense. But after route, 200. The thirty routes now cactus. Down through the centu­ manufacturing is complete—after are all located in the north and north­ ries these islands have been inhabited the bags are filled and ready for west sections of Chicago and include by incredible millions of sea birds. delivery—there remains still another such neighboring suburbs as Evans- To see them rise from their rocky problem. The problem of getting ton, Wilmette, Winnetka, and Park roosts at daybreak and sail away the finished product to the grower Ridge. over the Pacific is a sight said to be in the quickest, surest, and most The C. J. Wieland & Son, Inc., unforgettable. They form such vast, economical manner. And that's plant covers an area of 75 feet by dense clouds that oftentimes the where International Trucks come in. 150 feet and is modernly equipped sun seems to be completely blotted Weather conditions have much to do throughout. It has a present capa­ out for several hours. From these with the grower's fertilization pro­ city of 12,000 pounds of milk and birds there have accumulated vast gram. Often he is unable to antici­ cream a day. The garage, which is deposits of guano rich in its content pate his needs very far in advance. 25 feet by 75 feet in size, is also of various plant foods. Thousands When the need for fertilization located at this plant and is just large of tons of this material come to comes, growers want it immediately, enough to house the thirty new America each year and furnish one and delay is likely to prove costly. trucks. Mr. Wieland said he is of the chief sources of revenue to the That's the reason The Gulf Fertilizer planning to build a new garage and Peruvian government. Company installed its present fleet utilize the present garage for plant Then there is soybean meal from of International trucks. When grow­ expansion. One mechanic and one China, potash from France and ers order fertilizer now they can washer are employed in the garage. Germany, whale meal from the expect it to be delivered to their Trucks are washed every other day,

16 Below: International Model C-40 Below: One of three modern Inter­ operated in Canterbury, New Zea­ national buses owned by the Blue land, by the Kaikoura - Blenheim Bus Company, Oslo, Norway. Reulway Motor Transport.

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Small collective buses like this One of three Internationals owned transport more than half the by the Camera Supply Company, population of Buenos Aires, Manila, P. I. Argentine, within the city limits each working day. International Trail August, 1935

One of six Tivoli Brewing Company 3-ton Interna­ tionals with 14-foot panel-stake, tarpaulin- covered bodies employed in barrel beer delivery.

.JSmt. ', ,'?l/^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^,y^^^^^^^^^^a

iMi/urCt O rje/Ui KEEPS CLOSE CHECK ON COSTS

The Tivoli Brewing Company truck fleet. Two types of beer, mentioned and four more recently • of Detroit, which operates a draught and bottled, are delivered purchased 3}4-ton tractor trucks, fleet of forty International motor in the metropolitan area of Detroit. each of which pulls a semi-trailer and trucks, keeps a very close check of its For the delivery of bottled beer in a 4-wheel trailer. Each of these truck operating costs. And thanks this area, use is made of seventeen latter-named outfits make up a train to a carefully organized service and 2-ton trucks equipped with all-steel that is 50 feet long, the front semi­ operating department, which at all enclosed bodies, each of which is trailer being 19 feet long and the times is carefully supervised by fleet 12 feet long, 6 feet 2 inches wide, rear 4-wheel trailer 16 feet. The superintendent Harold J. Doyle, and 4 feet high, and has a sliding door overall width of each is 8 feet and these costs are kept down to very on each side. To deliver draught the height from ground, 11 feet 6 low figures. beer, six 3-ton trucks are utilized inches. The two trailers have a For example, although most of the and are equipped with panel-stake capacity of 1,100 cases or 48,000 trucks in this fleet of forty units bodies which are 14 feet long and are pounds. All trailers have sliding have seen considerable service, some covered with tarpaulins. Three small doors on each side and double doors of them employed in long-distance Internationals of M-ton and IK-ton in the rear. The longest trip is made transport approaching the 100,000- .size are also employed for quick to Traverse City, which is some figure for miles traveled, the bill for service, special-delivery service as 300 miles away. All long-distance truck repair parts for two recent one might call it. Then there are hauling is done at night. The Tivoli months was respectively only $30.27 two older type 3-ton and four 5-ton Brewing Company is the only brew­ and $31.50. Again, each of two 3-ton units that are used mainly for haul­ ing concern in Detroit that does its trucks in long distance service, which ing supplies. own long-distance hauling. regularly pull semi-trailers, and at Since the Tivoli Brewing Com­ All the motor trucks are attrac­ time of a recent interview, respec­ pany maintains sixteen branches in tively finished in battleship gray and tively had traveled 81,000 miles and various cities in Michigan and Ohio, the word Tivoli sweeps along the 85,687 miles, had new pistons and it was also faced with the problem sides of the trucks and trailers in piston rings installed once, valves of delivering its product to these enormous red script letters, shaded ground three times and brakes re- branches. This is done with six with yellow and black. On each lined once. tractor trucks and trailers, which truck also is a greatly enlarged re­ The Tivoli Brewing Company was include the two 3-ton trucks with production of the company's bottle confronted with three transportation semi-trailers that are approaching trade-mark also in the same colors problems in organizing its motor the 100,000 mileage figure already as on the bottle labels. Of course.

18 international Trail August, 1935

these trucks, veritable traveling bill­ 1,500 miles); battery check (every formed in 1898 and completely re­ boards as they are, are among tlie week); motor wash (every 10 days); organized in January, 1933. Re­ company's liest advertising mediums. axles washed (once a month); polish cently the company built a modern To keep the trucks continually spic- (in summer only). eight-story brewhouse. Its total and-span in appearance, they are Each driver must also fill in a yearly capacity is 500,000 barrels. washed three times a week and daily defect report, and all defects Howard H. Colby is chairman of the repainted once a year. The tops of reported are corrected by the me­ board. El wood E. Bayne, president, enclosed bodies and trailers are chanics that same night if possible. and Fred R. Dolsen, vice-president painted with aluminum paint to Space is also provided on the defect and sales manager. deflect the sun. report as shown for recording a —Edwin A. Hunger Each driver in the Detroit area is variety of data on mileages and designated as a salesman and is pro­ deliveries and on the back thereof vided with a helper, who, if he shows additional space is designated for sales ability, has a pleasing person­ recording cost figures on fuel and oil ality and is careful of his appearance, consumption, grease, service labor, Cfttfnt Cmrt/v eventually also becomes a salesman. parts, repair labor and revenue. Each crew makes an average of sixty Finally, there is a big ledger sheet The unusually attractive Inter­ stojjs and travels about 30 miles a 13 inches by 16 inches in size for • national 35-passenger bus illus­ day. There are also eight district recording data on each truck on trated on the front cover is a Model managers, each of whom is in charge which there is a horizontal space for C-30 with specially designed body of four truck crews. These district each month and vertical spaces and many unusual features. It is managers travel around in company- headed as follows: gas; oil; grease; owned and operated in city service owned cars and each continually parts and tires; repair labor; service by the Winnipeg Electric Railway, checks up on the customers serviced labor (cleaning, greasing, etc.); de­ Winnipeg, Man. In the background, I by the four truck crews under him, preciation; license and insurance; one of the beautiful buildings of especially making careful investi­ overhead; and revenue. University of Manitoba. gation of any complaints that may By thus having all necessary serv­ t be made by customers. All district ice operations recorded and main­ managers were formerly driver-sales­ taining a continual check on all NAVAL STORES men. Both driver-salesmen and their these operations by means of the helpers are paid on a salary and com­ records, Mr. Doyle is able to keep {Continued from page 7) mission basis and since both share his motor trucks in efficient operat­ up and poured into pine barrels, as the commission the tendency is for ing condition at all times and also shown in one of the accompanying each to check on the other and prod to hold his costs dow^n to such low illustrations. From the nine barrels him on to greater elTort and to be figures as previously indicated. of gum that go into the still, two of courteous and careful in his treat­ The Tivoli Brewing Company was them come off as turpentine, six as ment of customers. IVIeetings for driver-salesmen and their helpers are held every Wednesday morning and selling talks are regularly given at these by Fred R. Dolsen, who is vice-president and sales manager. Mr. Doyle, fleet superintendent, also often talks on correct and safe driv­ ing practices. The Tivoli Brewing Company maintains a garage 130 feet by 90 feet in size. Three mechanics are regularly employed, two of them being on duty at night and the third on days. Then, there is a washer who works nights. The service shop in the garage is very well equipped with full sets of tools, valve grinder, presses, hydraulic jack, electric drills and grinders, battery chargers, various types of gages, wash rack, etc. There is a big blackboard in the office of the garage on which every truck is listed by number, and spaces are provided by vertical lines for recording a variety of service work that must be regu­ larly done on each truck. The headings of these columns of data are as follows: 500-mile grease; The seventeen 2-ton International trucks for delivering Tivoli bottled beer 1,000-mile grease; oil drain (every are equipped with 12-foot all-steel enclosed bodies like the one shown here.

19 International Trail August, 1935

rosin, and the other is by-prod­ national Models C-35 and C-40, challenge the advisability of CONSOLIDATED ucts and waste. because of their ability to take being content to rest upon the Fire is one of the greatest punishment and to operate eco­ laurels of past achievement. DELIVERS hazards to pine trees. Although nomically, are in high favor in Withthisthought in mind. Stand­ these trees are hardy and will the transportation of naval ard Brands Limited is vigor­ {Continued from page S) survive many fires, each fire to stores. ously forging ahead, modestly which they are subjected greatly At Jacksonville, the concen­ certain that the baking industry an hourly intercity service be­ retards their growth. In four tration point for a large naval in Canada will be as quick and tween the downtown sections of years a pine tree that is pro­ stores producing area, is the generous today as it has been Minneapolis and St. Paul. tected from fire may grow three Jacksonville Municipal Docks during the past two-thirds of a The public also uses Consoli- times as much as one that has and Terminals, where operators century, to recognize the true dated's service extensively in been exposed to a fire. Until send the products they have sold value of Fleischmann products sending private packages. There recent years little thought was or wish to sell. Here turpentine and the organization which isn't a house in either city that is given to fire protection because and rosin are inspected for stands behind them. not passed twice daily by one o( the trees were so plentiful, quality and quantity. Faulty the firm's trucks. now many operators plow fire products are returned to the With the exception of "special lines through their land to hold producer. The docks also look rush" deliveries, the entire sys­ possible fires in check. One of after transferring of stock from STRIP MINING tem moves on a set schedule. As the more successful fire pro­ seller to buyer and the forward­ {Continued from page 13) previously mentioned, one strict tection outfits employed today ing of it by ship or tank car. rule is that no packages are held consists of a three or five-disk Jacksonville and Savannah are trains must be cut from 10 cars over; everything must move on plow which completely turns the two largest naval stores ports to 8 cars, reducing production time, and every package is de­ under all vegetation for a width in the world, Jacksonville ship­ when it is sorely needed. With livered that it is possible to de­ up to 6J to 7 feet, and throws the ping last year 374,622 barrels of truck haulage on proper roads, liver. Of course there are certain dirt up on the side for another 4 rosin and 30,277 barrels turpen­ production does not fall off but packages from time to time that or 5 feet, making an effective 10 tine and Savannah 386,943 bar­ on the contrary can actually be have to be brought back for to 11-foot fire line. Many of the rels of rosin and 87,968 barrels speeded up to meet sales re­ various reasons; sometimes the heavy plows employed in this of turpentine. quirements. wrong address is given, possibly work are pulled by McCormick- Possibly the greatest advan­ the customer is not at home, Deering TracTracTors. The tage of truck haulage in strip and occasionally the driver government has done much to mines, is the fact that it elim­ reports "no safe place to leave assist property owners in their TRANSPORTATION inates the necessity of track­ package." fire protection; a large amount age in the pit. Rails, when used, One advantage of the Consoli­ of this important work has {Continued from page 9) must be moved to the side of the dated Delivery Service, mer­ been accomplished by CCC pit each day after the coal shovel chants have found, is that when workers. Victoria, B. C, traversing an­ shuts down. This is not done by a store has a sale that would nually some 2\ million miles in miners but necessitates extra ordinarily clog its own delivery The companies that finance the delivery of its products to help. The coal shovel works only system, the heavy "load" is most of the naval stores opera­ customers. Needless to say, the seven hours a day while the merely absorbed in the general tors are called factors. They maintenance of this fleet is no gigantic stripping shovel works system and scarcely felt. The supply food, clothing, and oper­ small item of expense, the justi­ 24 hours, which means that the packages are scheduled and ating equipment, delivering the fication of which lies only in the stripping shovel works 17 hours handled in the same efficient goods to the operators and on implicit trust that has been while the coal shovel and track manner as on a normal day. return trips their trucks haul placed in an organization that is are idle. Track is a big obstacle For the convenience of smaller turpentine and rosin to concen­ able, under any and all condi­ always in the way of the big shippers who do not have their tration points where the products tions, to deliver its products on stripping shovel. To get track packages ready for the night are marketed. About 80 per time. out of the pit increases the pickup. Consolidated offers a cent of the naval stores business The Canadian baker may al­ efficiency of the stripping shovel special service. The packages is handled in this manner. The ways rely on the unfailing regu­ remarkably. are picked up in the morning and largest of these organizations is larity of the Fleischmann de­ It is common for land to slide feeder trucks contact the route the Turpentine & Rosin Factors, livery system, be it by rail, by into the pit. The track at the trucks at certain locations and Inc., of Jacksonville, Fla., and boat, by truck, by plane, and if side of the pit is covered, stop­ at scheduled times, transferring Savannah, Ga. necessary, by dog team or on ping operations until it is dug the late packages and thereby The trucks shown in the foot. The principle underlying out. When trucks are used they assuring as rapid and efficient accompanying illustration, and the operation of the Fleischmann are not held up by slides; they delivery as if the package had several other Internationals, are delivery system has always been run around them. been picked up the night owned by this company. With so well expressed in the words When trucks are used it is before. the development of highways of the sage, "Neither snow, nor necessary of course that some Consolidated Delivery Service and modern trucks, practically rain, nor heat, nor gloom of type of road be built and main­ has tried most of the trucks on all of the hauling from stills to night stay these couriers from tained. Satisfactory roads have the market. That the company concentration points is done by the swift completion of their been built by simply elevating is well pleased with the Inter­ trucks because operators have appointed rounds." the bed for drainage and then national half-ton panel units in found this method cheaper and In this day and age one must topping it with berm from the its fleet is evidenced by Mr. more convenient. The trend in press ever onward. The mile­ mine or gob (waste) from ;he Hatch's statement, "the Inter­ this type of hauling is to the stones that have gone before tipple. Such a road rolled down national is the one truck we semi-heavy duty truck of two to mark out a past that can never with a roller, not with tires on have operated that efficiently three-tons capacity with four- be recaptured while the prob­ the trucks, is fairly satisfactory and economically fills our wheel or semi-trailers. Inter- lems of today and tomorrow road if scraped and maintained. needs." 20 i t

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%M N the modern well-equipped shop of Springfield Works where light- I duty chassis, International panel Hid pick-up bodies, cabs, hoods, (owls, fenders, and similar metal parts lie painted, we see the same superior A live steam bath cleans dirt and grease from forkmanship, painstaking care, and the chassis. rigid inspection that characterizes uery International Truck building 1 1 operation. • Each unit of the complete truck undergoes several cleaning and paint­ ing processes. The cabs, cowls, panel todies, and similar parts, which are tnished with synthetic enamel, are cleaned twice—first with an alkali solution to remove grease and any trace of rust; and second with a sol­ vent cleaner to remove any remaining trace of rust, lint, or moisture. An oil base primer is then sprayed on, and after an hour in the drying ovens the parts are sanded. Two coats of synthetic enamel and another trip through the drying ovens assure a smooth, glossy mirrorlike finish. The synthetic enamel used on Inter­ national Trucks has a remarkably high gloss and will outlast the average lacquer. It will not chalk, crack, or chip when exposed to sudden wide variations in temperature. The colors The synthetic enamel is sprayed on after the are durable, attractive, and retain prime coat has thoroughly dried. their luster without the aid of clean­ ers and waxes. After a thorough cleaning, all chassis, except those finished in black, are sprayed with an iron oxide primer and are then baked. This prime coat is followed by the finishing coat and the chassis are again baked in the drying oven.

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Grease and dust are loosened by means of an alkali cleaner. i INTERNATIONAL 'yr Sft^

Printed in V. S. A.