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Forest Regeneration Handbook
Forest Regeneration Handbook A guide for forest owners, harvesting practitioners, and public officials Editors: Jeffrey S. Ward The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven Thomas E. Worthley University of Connecticut, Cooperative Extension Contributors: The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Sharon M. Douglas Plant Pathology and Ecology Carol R. Lemmon Entomology Uma Ramakrishnan Forestry and Horticulture J.P. Barsky Forestry and Horticulture Department of Environmental Protection Martin J. Cubanski Division of Forestry Peter M. Picone Wildlife Division Production editor and layout: Paul Gough Graphics: Jeffrey S. Ward Funding provided by U.S. Forest Service, Northeast Area, State and Private Forestry The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven University of Connecticut, Cooperative Extension Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Forest Regeneration Handbook A guide for forest owners, harvesting practitioners, and public officials Editors: Jeffrey S. Ward The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven Thomas E. Worthley University of Connecticut, Cooperative Extension Contributors: The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Sharon M. Douglas Plant Pathology and Ecology Carol R. Lemmon Entomology Uma Ramakrishnan Forestry and Horticulture J.P. Barsky Forestry and Horticulture Department of Environmental Protection Martin J. Cubanski Division of Forestry Peter M. Picone Wildlife Division Production editor and layout: Paul Gough Graphics: Jeffrey S. Ward Funding provided by U.S. Forest Service, Northeast Area, State and Private Forestry The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven University of Connecticut, Cooperative Extension Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection Introduction Forests are dynamic. Seedlings germinate, grow, compete with each other and with larger trees. Some survive for hundreds of years. Change will happen. Which species will be predominant in the future forest depends not only on climate and soils, but also on management decisions made today. -
Sassafras Tea: Using a Traditional Method of Preparation to Reduce the Carcinogenic Compound Safrole Kate Cummings Clemson University, [email protected]
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2012 Sassafras Tea: Using a Traditional Method of Preparation to Reduce the Carcinogenic Compound Safrole Kate Cummings Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Forest Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Cummings, Kate, "Sassafras Tea: Using a Traditional Method of Preparation to Reduce the Carcinogenic Compound Safrole" (2012). All Theses. 1345. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1345 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SASSAFRAS TEA: USING A TRADITIONAL METHOD OF PREPARATION TO REDUCE THE CARCINOGENIC COMPOUND SAFROLE A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Forest Resources by Kate Cummings May 2012 Accepted by: Patricia Layton, Ph.D., Committee Chair Karen C. Hall, Ph.D Feng Chen, Ph. D. Christina Wells, Ph. D. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to quantify the carcinogenic compound safrole in the traditional preparation method of making sassafras tea from the root of Sassafras albidum. The traditional method investigated was typical of preparation by members of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and other Appalachian peoples. Sassafras is a tree common to the eastern coast of the United States, especially in the mountainous regions. Historically and continuing until today, roots of the tree are used to prepare fragrant teas and syrups. -
Non-Timber Forest Resources Information Compendium
Future Forest Products and Fibre Use Backgrounder: Non-Timber Forest Resources Information Compendium Prepared for: Omineca Beetle Action Coalition By: Ashley Kearns and Greg Halseth Community Development Institute University of Northern British Columbia January 2009 Future Forest Products and Fibre Use Backgrounder: Non-Timber Forest Resources in the OBAC Region Table of Contents Page Number About this Project iii Acknowledgements iv Project Availability v Contact Information v 1. Introduction 1 2. Agroforestry 3 2.1 Alley Cropping 6 2.2 Integrated Riparian Management and Timber Belting 8 2.3 Forest Farming 10 2.4 Silvopasture 12 3. Energy Production 14 3.1 Biomass Energy 16 4. Birch Products 19 5. Botanical Products 22 5.1 Beauty Products 24 5.2 Herbal Health Products 26 6. Crafts and Wild Flowers 29 7. Eco-services 31 7.1 Carbon Sequestration 33 7.2 Eco-tourism 36 8. Traditional Ecological Knowledge 39 9. Wild Greenery and Christmas Trees 41 10. Honey and Honey Products 43 i UNBC Community Development Institute 2009 Future Forest Products and Fibre Use Backgrounder: Non-Timber Forest Resources in the OBAC Region Table of Contents Page Number 11. Wild Edibles 46 11.1 Wild Fruits and Berries 46 11.2 Wild Vegetables and Seasonings 48 11.3 Wild Mushrooms 50 12. Sustainable Landscaping 53 13. General Links for Non-Timber Forest Resources 55 14. References 58 ii UNBC Community Development Institute 2009 Future Forest Products and Fibre Use Backgrounder: Non-Timber Forest Resources in the OBAC Region About this Project The Mountain Pine Beetle infestation has had, and will continue to have, an impact on the timber supply and forest sector in northern British Columbia. -
The Effect of Coconut Extract on Callus Growth and Ultrasound Waves On
Folia Forestalia Polonica, Series A – Forestry, 2018, Vol. 60 (4), 261–268 METHODOLOGICAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.2478/ffp-2018-0027 The effect of coconut extract on callus growth and ultrasound waves on production of betulin and betulinic acid in in-vitro culture conditions of Betula pendula Roth species Vahide Payamnoor1 , Razieh Jafari Hajati2, Negar Khodadai1 1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan, Iran, phone: 0098-9113735812, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Shahed University, Traditional Clinical Trial Research Center, Tehran, Iran AbstrAct To determine the effect of coconut extract on callogenesis of Betula pendula, Roth stem barks were cultured in NT (Nagata and Takebe) basic culture media in two individual experiments: i) cultivation explant in different treat- ments of coconut extracts combined with 1 mg l-1 2, 4-D (2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and ii) callogenesis in NT media containing 1.5 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l-1 BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and then cultivation under the first experiment treatments. The first experiment demonstrated that not all concentrations of coconut extracts lead to callus induction individually, but callus induction increased 84% in a culture containing 5% coconut extract plus 1 mg l-1 2, 4-D. Based on the results of the second experiment, this treatment also significantly increased the wet and dry weights of the produced calluses. The possibility of increasing the betulinic acid and betulin by ultrasound was also studied. Samples cultivated in the selected culture medium were exposed to ultrasound waves in two forms of 1) one exposure and 2) twice exposure (repetition with 24 hr interval) in steps of 20, 60, 100, and 160 sec, and one treatment as the control. -
Old-Fashioned Soda
Old-Fashioned Soda: Made with your choice of 1 or 2 syrups and mixed on the spot! $1.50 Flavors: Banana, Birch, Blueberry, Blue Hawaii, Bubblegum, Cherry, Citrus Dew, Coconut, Coffee, Cola, Cream-O, Creamsicle, Drink-Up, Grape, Green Apple, Jungle Juice, Lime, Mango, Margarita, Mint, Orange, Peach, Pina Colada, Pineapple, Prickly Pear, Raspberry, Root Beer, Sarsaparilla, Strawberry Daiquiri, Teaberry, Tiger’s Blood, Tutti Fruitti, Vanilla Cream, Watermelon Suicide Soda (5 flavors): $2.25 Growlers: Our growler is filled with one or two flavors of syrup for $9.00. Additional flavors have an up-charge of 50 cents. Each growler can have up to five flavors in total. Refills are $5.00. During Happy Hour, Growler refills are only $3.00! Soda Flight: Love soda and want to try them all? We have just the thing! Order a flight of soda, and get any 3 flavors in our original flight deck. Perfect to share, or just for one! $2.75 Soda Jerk Classic: Cream-O, Sarsaparilla & Root Beer. Soda Floats: Soda of your choice with your choice of ice cream and Chantilly floating on top. Check out some of our best sellers below! $4.35 Blue Moon: blueberry soda & vanilla IC Caramel Apple: green apple soda & caramel critter IC Late Start: vanilla soda & coffee IC Carnival: bubblegum soda & cotton candy IC Tootsie Pop: cherry soda & chocolate IC Cookie Monster: choc. and vanilla soda & cookies & cream IC Hand Dipped Milkshakes: Made with your choice of ice cream and mixed with whole milk, then topped with Chantilly. Regular 12oz: $4.35 Large 16oz: $4.99 Egg Creams: A blast from the past! Made with Fox’s U-Bet, whole milk and sparkling seltzer topped with Chantilly. -
IPFW Coca Cola Product List
Brand Family Flavors Coca Cola Classic Barq’s (Root Beer & Red Crème The #1 soft drink in the world with Soda) that refreshing and uplifting cola Fanta (Orange, Grape) taste. Mello Yello Also available in Caffeine-Free Pibb Minute Maid Fruit Drinks Fruit juice drink containing real fruit Coke Zero and natural ingredients that provide No calories or carbs, but same great delicious taste and quality. taste as Coca-Cola Classic! Also available in the Zero line: Cherry FLAVORS: Lemonade, Pink Coke Zero, Sprite Zero, Vault Zero Lemonade, Orangeade, Fruit Punch (Light Cherry Limeade, Light Orangeade only available in 12oz cans) Diet Coke Nestea The #1 diet soft drink with refreshing, A combination of great taste with the authentic cola taste. The freedom to physical restoration of tea. indulge without the calories. Also available in Caffeine-Free and Lime. FLAVORS: Sweet with Lemon, Red Tea with Pomegranate & Passion Fruit Cherry Coke & Cherry Zero Dasani Water Purified water enhanced with minerals Adds a bold, exhilarating taste of for a pure, fresh taste. Cherry to Coca-Cola. (Diet Cherry only available in 12oz. cans) Dasani Flavors: Refreshing taste of Dasani Water with Lemon or Strawberry flavor. POWERade & POWERade Zero (20oz.) Thirst quenching sports drink that Sprite & Sprite Zero replenishes the active body. The leading teen brand. Clean and crisp refreshment. No caffeine. FLAVORS: Mountain Blast, Fruit Punch, Orange, Lemon-Lime, Grape, Strawberry Lemonade Powerade Zero: Mixed Berry, Grape, Fruit Punch Minute Maid 100% Juice Vault 100% Fruit Juice with a name Drinks like a soda, kicks like an consumers trust. (450mL or 10oz. -
Brewing Beer with Native Plants (Seasonality)
BREWING BEER WITH INDIANA NATIVE PLANTS Proper plant identification is important. Many edible native plants have poisonous look-alikes! Availability/When to Harvest Spring. Summer. Fall Winter . Year-round . (note: some plants have more than one part that is edible, and depending on what is being harvested may determine when that harvesting period is) TREES The wood of many native trees (especially oak) can be used to age beer on, whether it be barrels or cuttings. Woods can also be used to smoke the beers/malts as well. Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis): Needles and young twigs can be brewed into a tea or added as ingredients in cooking, similar flavoring to spruce. Tamarack (Larix laricina): Bark and twigs can be brewed into a tea with a green, earthy flavor. Pine species (Pinus strobus, Pinus banksiana, Pinus virginiana): all pine species have needles that can be made into tea, all similar flavor. Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana): mature, dark blue berries and young twigs may be made into tea or cooked with, similar in flavor to most other evergreen species. Pawpaw (Asimina triloba): edible fruit, often described as a mango/banana flavor hybrid. Sassafras (Sassafras albidum): root used to make tea, formerly used to make rootbeer. Similarly flavored, but much more earthy and bitter. Leaves have a spicier, lemony taste and young leaves are sometimes used in salads. Leaves are also dried and included in file powder, common in Cajun and Creole cooking. Northern Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis): Ripe, purple-brown fruits are edible and sweet. Red Mulberry (Morus rubra): mature red-purple-black fruit is sweet and juicy. -
Invent Your Scent
JULY 2020 Invent your Scent All Scent Plus Melts RRP $12.50 1. Your Warmer 2. Your Scent 3. Your Way Choose your Warmer Choose a Scent Plus Melts Invent your Scent ScentGlow™ Warmers provide Scent Plus™ Melts are available Customise by pairing two fragrance without the flame in dozens of PartyLite exclusive different Scent Plus Melts or while fragrance warmers use a fragrances. Enjoy hours of rich try one of our fragrance mixing tealight. Both come in an array home fragrance from our most recipes tested by the best of decorative styles - there’s one highly scented wax formula. noses in the business. for every room in the house. While stocks last. PartyLite reserves the right to put products on stop sell at any time. JULY 2020 Invent your Scent 1. Choose a Warmer (Colour Illusions appear in a dark room) Champagne Glow Pineapple Snow Flurry Cable Knit RRP $65.00 RRP $60.00 RRP $65.00 RRP $60.00 P92588A P92688A P92555A P93128A Pearl Oyster Spiral Sea Shell Mystic Glimmer RRP $65.00 RRP $60.00 RRP $60.00 RRP $65.00 P93041A P91897A P92685A P93160A 2. Choose a Scent (All Scent Plus Melts $12.50 RRP Each) VOLUME 2 2020 SCENT PLUS MELTS SX1045 AMBER SUEDE SX900 MARSHMALLOW VANILLA SX1020 TAMBOTI WOODS SX1047 CASHMERE CASSIS SX29 MULBERRY SX929 VANILLA COCONUT SX821 FIG FATALE SX1031 RASPBERRY RHUBARB SX1046 VELVET PLUM SX123 ICED SNOWBERRIES™ SX927 SUN-KISSED LINEN SX1029 WHITE LILAC & IVY SX1038 MANGO MAGIC OUT OF CATALOGUE SCENT PLUS MELTS SX1022 AMBER APPLEWOOD SX1043 GARDEN HERBS SX938 PERSIMMON CIDER SX776Q AUTUMN GLOW SX1055 HOLLY JOLLY BERRY SX789 PINK GRAPEFRUIT SX922Q BALSAM SNOW SX1024 MOUNTAIN RETREAT SX942 SILVER BIRCH BARK SX1018 BELLINI GLITTER SX1012 MULLED HARVEST SPICE SX1057 SPICED POMANDER SX1059 BLACK CHERRY ORCHARD SX783 MYSTERY POTION SX1054 WHISKEY TODDY SX937 BLACKBERRY CEDAR LEAF SX1044 OLIVE GROVE SX941Q BLUE SPRUCE SX1021 CHRYSANTHEMUM CEDARWOOD 3. -
Minnesota Harvester Handbook
Minnesota Harvester Handbook sustainable livelihoods lifestyles enterprise Minnesota Harvester Handbook Additonal informaton about this resource can be found at www.myminnesotawoods.umn.edu. ©2013, Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. Send copyright permission inquiries to: Copyright Coordinator University of Minnesota Extension 405 Cofey Hall 1420 Eckles Avenue St. Paul, MN 55108-6068 Email to [email protected] or fax to 612-625-3967. University of Minnesota Extension shall provide equal access to and opportunity in its programs, facilites, and employment without regard to race, color, creed, religion, natonal origin, gender, age, marital status, disability, public assistance status, veteran status, sexual orientaton, gender identty, or gender expression. In accordance with the Americans with Disabilites Act, this publicaton/material is available in alternatve formats upon request. Direct requests to the Extension Regional Ofce, Cloquet at 218-726-6464. The informaton given in this publicaton is for educatonal purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discriminaton is intended and no endorsement by University of Minnesota Extension is implied. Acknowledgements Financial and other support for the Harvester Handbook came from University of Minnesota Extension, through the Extension Center for Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences (EFANS) and the Northeast Regional Sustainable Development Partnership (RSDP). Many individuals generously contributed to the development of the Handbook through original research, authorship of content, review of content, design and editng. Special thanks to Wendy Cocksedge and the Centre for Livelihoods and Ecology at Royal Roads University for their generosity with the Harvester Handbook concept. A special thanks to Trudy Fredericks for her tremen- dous overall eforts on this project. -
Kevco Product List
Kevco Product List Bottles Snapple Diet Peach Glass Aquafina Citrus 20oz Snapple mixed diet Aquafina Wild Berry 20oz M.M.Crangrape Lipton Green Tea 20oz Dasani Water 12oz. Lipton Diet Green Tea 20oz Vitamin Water/Green Tea Sierra Mist 20oz Vitamin water/Blueberry-pomerg Diet Sierra Mist 20oz Vitamin water/Fruit punch Welch's Grape 20oz Vanilla Coke 20 oz. Mt. Dew Orange 20oz Aquafina Raspberry 20oz. Schweppes Gingerale 20oz Diet Sunkist Orange 20 oz. Powerade Red Cherry Pepsi 20 oz. Powerade Blue Snapple Apple Powerade Yellow Snapple Peach Glass Lipton Sweet Tea Lipton lemon tea Trop. lemonade Tropicana Grape Nantucket Red Plum Lipton White Tea Mug Root Beer 20oz. 7-Up 20oz Diet 7-Up 20oz Sunkist Orange 20oz Diet A&W Root Beer 20oz Diet CD Ginger Ale 20oz A&W Root Beer 20oz Gatorade Fruit Punch Frappuccino Vanilla Frappuccino Mocha Frappuccino Coffee Vault Red Blitz Caffiene Free Diet Coke 20oz Dasani Water 20oz Gatorade Rain Jarritos Sangria Gatorade Lemon Lime Jarritos Sidral Gatorade Orange Jarritos Mandarin Gatorade Rush Jarritos Tamarind Gatorade Blue CF Diet Pepsi 20oz Aquafina Grape 20oz Diet Mt. Dew 20oz Aquafina 20oz Red Bull Can Juice orange juice apple juice apple cranberry ruby red grapefruit fruit punch Can Soda coke 12oz dr.pepper 12oz diet coke 12oz diet dr.pepper 12oz c.f.diet coke 12oz brisk iced tea 12oz c.f.coke 12oz schweppes ginger ale 12oz sprite 12oz hawaiian punch 12oz diet sprite 12oz countrytime lemonade 12oz Fanta Orange 12oz sunny delight 12oz barq's root beer 12oz welch's grape 12oz seagrams ginger ale 12oz -
Special (Secondary) Metabolites from Wood
10 Special (Secondary) Metabolites from Wood JOHN R. Obst 10.1 Introduction Flavonoids, lignans, terpenes, phenols, aikaloids, sterols, waxes, fats, tannins, sugars, gums, suberins, resin acids and carotenoids are among the many classes of com- pounds known as ‘secondary metabolites’. This daunting array of substances, having different chemical, physical and biological properties, presents numerous challenges in the utilization of forest products. Do they also present opportunities? Secondary metabolites are often defined on the basis of what they are not. To wit, primary metabolites are usually desecribed as those substances that are the fundamental chemical units of living plant cells, such as nucleic acids, proteins and polysaccharides. Secondary metabotites may therefore be defined as being every- thing else that the organism produces. Intuitively, this definition is a little difficult to accept: why would a plant expend so much energy to produce matetials that it does not need? Especially because some of these ‘secondary’ compounds are vital to its very existence. In the realm of wood processing and utilization, there is a very pragmatic defini- tion of secondary metabolites: they are everything that is not a structural poly- saccharide or lignin. In this sense, secondary metabolites are often referred to as ‘extraneous components’ because they are mostly extraneous to the lignocellulosic cell wall and are concentrated in resin canals and cell lumina especially those of ray parenchyma cells. These types of compounds are however actually found in all mor- phological regions and this definition cannot be strictly applied. While such a definition emphasizing the structural components of wood is very functional, it can give the impression of demeaning the role of these “extraneous components’. -
Report Date: 21St September, 2019 Course: BBALLB Semester: III & I No
SCHOOL OF LAW Event: Industrial Visit to Coca Cola Happiness Factory Date: 20th September, 2019 Venue: Coca Cola Factory, Greater Noida Report Date: 21st September, 2019 Course: BBALLB Semester: III & I No. of Students: 40 REPORT Coca Cola Happiness Factory is the Coke franchise bottling plant in Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. An Industrial Visit helps in enhancement of students’ understanding of the actual working of an organization and to know about the intricacies involved in organizational working. The students of BBA LL.B III (Section B) & I semester were taken to the Coca Cola Happiness Factory bottling plant at Greater Noida with prior permission. Overall 40 students visited the plant on 20th September 2019. At Happiness Factory, the industrial visit was conducted by Ms Nikita, Ms Shruti and Ms. Neha. Overall four sessions were conducted in which the session began with introduction of various products and Brands of Coca Cola which was followed by a introductory video of 5-7 minutes. After which, students got the opportunity to enter into the vault of Coca-Cola Happiness Factory where they got the explicit explanations of the production of Coca cola, Maza and Minute Maid which they produce in that factory. Afterwards students were taken to the history of Coca Cola where students were informed about the founder of Coca Cola and also received the information that there are only five people in the world who know the secret formula. The fourth session was the concluding session which was about Corporate Social responsibility that the company has been carrying by various social awareness programmes and by helping the country through policies which helped women in getting jobs, securing their lives.