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A History of Closed Circuit O2 Underwater Breathing Apparatus
Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) A HISTORY OF CLOSED CIRCUIT OXYGEN UNDEnWATER BRDA'1'HIllG AJ'PARATU'S, by , Dan Quiok Project 1/70 School of Underwater Medicine, H MAS PENGUIN, Naval P.O. Balmoral, IT S W .... 2091. May, 1970 Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) TABLE OF CONTENTS. Foreword. Page No. 1 Introduction. " 2 General History. " 3 History Il: Types of CCOUBA Used In 11 United Kingdom. " History & Types of CCOUBA Used In 46 Italy. " History & Types o:f CCOUBJl. Used In 54 Germany. " History & Types of CCOUEA Used In 67 Frr>.!1ce. " History·& Types of CeOUM Used In 76 United States of America. " Summary. " 83 References. " 89 Acknowledgements. " 91 Contributor. " 91 Alphabetical Index. " 92 Rubicon Research Repository (http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org) - 1 - FOREWORD I am very pleased to have the opportunity of introducing this history, having been responsible for the British development of the CCOt~ for special operations during World War II and afterwards. This is a unique and comprehensive summary of world wide development in this field. It is probably not realised what a vital part closed circuit breathing apparatus played in World War II. Apart from escapes from damaged and sunken submarines by means of the DSEA, and the special attacks on ships by human torpedoes and X-craft, including the mortal damage to the "Tirpitz", an important part of the invasion forces were the landing craft obstruction clearance units. These were special teams of frogmen in oxygen breathing sets who placed demolition charges on the formidable underwater obstructions along the north coast of France. -
Emilio Bianchi” Launched
THE TENTH MULTIPURPOSE FRIGATE “EMILIO BIANCHI” LAUNCHED It is the last unit of the Italo-French FREMM program Trieste, January 25, 2020 – The launching ceremony of the “Emilio Bianchi” frigate, the tenth and last FREMM vessel – Multi Mission European Frigates, took place today at the integrated shipyard of Riva Trigoso (Genoa) in the presence of the Italian Minister of Defence, Lorenzo Guerini. The 10 vessels have been commissioned to Fincantieri by the Italian Navy within the framework of an Italo-French cooperation program under the coordination of OCCAR (Organisation Conjointe de Cooperation sur l’Armement, the international organization for cooperation on arms). Godmother of the ceremony was Mrs. Maria Elisabetta Bianchi, first daughter of Emilio Bianchi, Golden Medal for Military Value. For Fincantieri the President Giampiero Massolo welcome, on behalf of the Chief of Defence, General Enzo Vecciarelli, the Chief of Staff of the Italian Navy, Admiral Giuseppe Cavo Dragone, the Governor of the Liguria Region Giovanni Toti, in addition to a number of authorities. After the launching, fitting activities will continue in the integrated naval shipyard of Muggiano (La Spezia), with delivery scheduled in 2021. The “Emilio Bianchi” vessel, like the other units, will feature a high degree of flexibility, capable of operating in all tactical situations. 144 metres long with a beam of 19.7 metres, the ship will have a displacement at full load of approximately 6,700 tonnes. The vessel will have a maximum speed of over 27 knots and will have a maximum accommodation capacity for a 200-person crew. The FREMM program, representing the European and Italian defence state of the art, stems from the renewal need of the Italian Navy line “Lupo” (already removed) and “Maestrale” (some of them already decommissioned, the remaining close to the attainment of operational limit) class frigates, both built by Fincantieri in the 1970s. -
Los Medios De Asalto Italianos En La Segunda Guerra Mundial
LOS MEDIOS DE ASALTO ITALIANOS EN LA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL Salvatore FRANCIA Origen de los medios de asalto italianos L nacimiento de los medios de asalto italianos tuvo lugar en la Primera Guerra Mundial, cuando la particular situa- ción geoestratégica llevó a la Marina Militar italiana a estudiar cómo podía atacar la flota austro-húngara en sus bases, ya que no existía otra posibilidad de enfrentarse a aquélla en combates decisivos. El primer sistema importante fue el MAS (Motoscafo Armato Silurante), una lancha motora armada con torpe- dos, que en principio usaba motores eléctricos para no llamar la atención del enemigo. Pero, tras la sorpresa inicial, los austríacos comenzaron a proteger sus puertos con redes. Para la aparición de los verdaderos medios de asalto hay que esperar a la mitad del año 1917, cuando al ingeniero Attilio Bisio, director del astillero SVAN en Venecia y creador de los primeros MAS, se le encargó idear un nuevo medio con el que poder superar las redes de protección de las bases enemigas, en particular las de Pola. Los experimentos y pruebas duraron todo el año 1917, hasta que finalmente se encontró un medio idóneo y se constru- yeron cuatro unidades (Grillo-Cavaletta-Locusta-Pulce) (Grillo-Saltamontes- Saltón-Pulga), que quedaron listas para su uso en 1918. Con motores eléctri- cos, cadenas para superar obstáculos, dos torpedos y cuatro hombres de tripulación, se realizaron las primeras incursiones en abril y mayo de 1918 con el intento de cuatro misiones contra Pola. Pero debido a retrasos y acci- dentes en el transcurso de la navegación y la aproximación hubieron de ser interrumpidas. -
COVID Mini Edition No.10
NUNAWADING MILITARY HISTORY GROUP MINI NEWSLETTER No. 10 Australia Will Need to Develop its Own Space Force Australia’s ongoing Defence planning review, culminating in a new Force Posture Review and eventually a new Defence White Paper, will have to factor in one major domain: space. And while many criti- cised America’s creation of the Space Force, the growing tactical and strategic dependence on the do- main means Australia’s own Space Force should be a top priority. It’s 2020, all of Australia’s multibillion-dollar advanced weapons systems and capabilities are relying on secure tactical communication technologies to function and deliver the joint military effect, none of which would be pos- sible without utilising and controlling the space domain. With the battlefield of tomorrow driven and controlled by communications and information, it is vital to know the impact an aggressor would have should these assets be disabled in a conflict. Why space matters to Defence The general public often forgets the importance of space in their everyday lives. The ubiquitous GPS (global positioning system) is a satellite system that provides precise position, navigation and timing capabilities to our iPhones, fitness devices and general satellite navigation products. GPS satellites also provide our Defence Force with the capability to pinpoint enemy locations, aid in search and rescue missions, even to find shelter for troops under fire. In fact, every mobile or kinetic system, including pre- cision guided weapons, relies on GPS to accurately navigate to fixed targets. Meanwhile, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) satellites – often referred to as “spy” satellites – inform Defence and Intelligence communities of concerning developments in urban environments or on the battlefield. -
Gli Eroi Di Alessandria
GLI EROI DI ALESSANDRIA GLI EROI DELL'IMPRESA DI ALESSANDRIA L'attacco ad Alessandria (18 - 19 dicembre 1941) « ...sei Italiani equipaggiati con materiali di costo irrisorio hanno fatto vacillare l'equilibrio militare in Mediterraneo» a vantaggio dell'Asse. ( Wiston Churchill ) Luigi Durand de la Penne ed altri cinque eroi hanno affondato le navi inglesi Valiant e Queen Elizabeth . La loro impresa é passata alla storia per audacia, coraggio e grande sangue freddo. Si servirono di tre S.L.C. (siluri a lenta corsa) trasportati dal sommergibile-appoggio Scirè comandato dal Capitano di Fregata J.V. BORGHESE che fu anche l’ideatore dell’Operazione G.A.3. 1 / 22 GLI EROI DI ALESSANDRIA CHI ERANO? Luigi Durand de la Penne - Tenente di Vascello Medaglia d'oro al Valor Militare “Ufficiale coraggioso e tenace, temprato nello spirito e nel fisico da un duro e pericoloso addestramento, dopo aver mostrato, in due generosi tentativi, alto senso del dovere e di iniziativa, forzava, al comando di una spedizione di mezzi d'assalto subacquei, una delle più potenti e difese basi navali avversarie, con una azione in cui concezione operativa ed esecuzione pratica si armonizzavano splendidamente col freddo coraggio e con l'abnegazione degli uomini. Dopo aver avanzato per più miglia sott'acqua e superando difficoltà ed ostacoli di ogni genere fino all'esaurimento di tutte le sue forze, disponeva la carica sotto una nave da battaglia nemica a bordo della quale veniva poi tratto esausto. Conscio di dover condividere l'immancabile sorte di coloro che lo tenevano prigioniero, si rifiutava di dare ogni indicazione sul pericolo imminente e serenamente attendeva la fine, deciso a non compromettere l'esito della dura missione. -
HSL-60, Elrod Rescue Four in Caribbean Sea by Ensign Willie Jeter Tigate and Located Four Survi- Treatment
2008 CHINFO Award Winner Vol. 54 • Issue 27 www.nsmayport.navy.mil www.mayportmirror.com THURSDAY, July 19, 2012 More Vicksburg Hits Halfway Mark Sea Duty PaysFrom Navy Personnel Command Off Public Affairs Navy released additional guidance for the Voluntary Sea Duty Program (VSDP) which provides incentives to Sailors who extend at sea or return to sea duty early officials said, July 13. “This program allows Sailors and their families to stay in their same duty location or relocate to a duty location of their choice,” said Capt. Kent Miller, director, Enlisted Distribution Division, Navy Personnel Command (NPC). “Applicants may also be eligible to defer Perform-to-Serve (PTS), providing an opportunity to enhance their record with operational duty.” VSDP was announced in January to support the Navy’s war-fighting mis- sion of operating forward and maintain- ing readiness. The program encourages highly trained and motivated Sailors to voluntarily extend their enlistment in their current sea duty billet beyond their prescribed sea tour, to terminate shore duty and accept new orders to a -Photo by MC2 Nick Scott sea duty billet or to accept back-to-back U.S. Navy Sailors enjoy a steak cookout held by “Cooks from the Valley” aboard guided-missile cruiser USS Vicksburg (CG 69). sea duty orders beyond their prescribed Vicksburg is deployed to the U.S. 5th Fleet area of responsibility conducting maritime security operations, theater security coopera- sea/shore flow. The sea duty assign- tion efforts and support missions as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. ment may be on board ships, squad- rons, or other qualified sea duty assign- By MC2 Nick Scott ments. -
Vol. 62, No. 3 (May-June 2011) 23 DECIMA FLOTTIGLIA MAS
stop was at the Military Museum to view the medals and the Portuguese Phaleristics Society outdid itself. The orders, cannons, swords and suits of armor on display. afternoon was free for fellow collectors to scour the flea The fagade of this one time palace is breathtaking in market and visit shops, which of course, everyone did. its masonry and woodworking artistry (Figure 12). The At 8:30pm a bus once again arrived at the hotel to take Portuguese Society members toured the museum with the members and spouses of all the societies to the formal each group to translate and explain the exhibits (Figure banquet which was held at the Navy Officers’ Club in the 13) as well as to help all society members with their needs town of Cascais (Figure 15). The Navy Officers’ Club is and questions. housed in a former palace on the waterfront. This setting on the Atlantic Ocean and Tagus River under a full moon was quite memorable, as was the formal steak dinner and all accompanying courses. Dr. Humberto de Oliveira opened the festivities by welcoming all of the gathered societies, and between the main course and dessert, each nation’s society’s representative was asked to say a few words. There was an exchange of tokens of appreciation from the gathered societies to the Portuguese society, some of which were quite humorous. Dr. de Oliveira presented each chapter with the Portuguese Academy’s journal that contained many excellent articles and illustrations in Portuguese with summaries in French and English at the end of the journal. -
UN PASEO POR LA MÚSICA MILITAR RELIGIOSA 49 Manuel Maestro, Presidente De La Fundación Letras Del Mar
REVISTA GENERAL DE MARINA FUNDADA EN 1877 ENERO-FEBRERO 2011 REVISTA CARTA DEL DIRECTOR 3 GENERAL CARTAS AL DIRECTOR 5 DE MARINA TEMAS GENERALES LOS MEDIOS DE ASALTO ITALIANOS EN LA SEGUN- DA GUERRA MUNDIAL 9 Salvatore Francia DEVOCIÓN Y CULTO A SANTA BÁRBARA POR LOS ARTILLEROS Y CONDESTABLES DE LA AR- MADA 25 Subteniente condestable Juan Carlos Poza Freire LA «NUEVA» POLÍTICA NUCLEAR MILITAR DE LOS FUNDADA EN 1877 ESTADOS UNIDOS 31 Luis V. Pérez Gil AÑO 2011 SOMALIA: PIRATERÍA Y TERRORISMO 37 ENERO-FEB. Teniente coronel de Infantería de Marina Andrés Gacio Painceira TOMO 260 UN PASEO POR LA MÚSICA MILITAR RELIGIOSA 49 Manuel Maestro, presidente de la Fundación Letras del Mar TEMAS PROFESIONALES EL TALENTO, ¿LO ESTAMOS APLICANDO EN LA ARMADA? 61 Capitán de navío Dionisio Huelin Martínez de Velasco OTRO PUNTO DE VISTA SOBRE LA SEGURIDAD MARÍTIMA: OPINIÓN PÚBLICA. DEFICIENTE PERCEPCIÓN DE UN ENTORNO INSEGURO 71 Capitán de corbeta Juan Carlos Pérez Guerrero DE EMPLEOS, CARGOS Y OTROS MENESTERES 89 Capitán de navío Francisco de Paula Romero Garat VIVIDO Y CONTADO ¡TORNADOOOOOOO! 95 Capitán de navío Francisco de Paula Peñuelas González INFORMACIONES DIVERSAS LA «REVISTA» HACE CIEN AÑOS... EFEMÉRIDES VIEJA FOTO MARINOGRAMA MISCELÁNEA CINE CON LA MAR DE FONDO ODAS Y OLAS LA MAR EN LA FILATELIA PAÑOL DE PINTURAS HISTORIA DE LOS NUDOS Y EL ARTE DE ANUDAR NOTICIARIO - CULTURA NAVAL Nuestra portada: Salida GACETILLA - LIBROS Y REVISTAS del Juan Sebastián de Elcano para el LXXXII Crucero de Instrucción. (Foto: R. López López). CARTA DEL DIRECTOR Querido y respetado lector: UNQUE la lotería na- videña, como suele ser costumbre, pasó de largo por estas dependencias de for- ma insultante, negán- donos de nuevo su benevolencia, no po- demos decir lo mismo de Sus Majestades de Oriente, quienes han hecho gala de su magna sabiduría y bondad al obsequiarnos, sin que hubiéramos escrito carta de petición alguna, un preciado regalo. -
MARITIME Security &Defence M
Pilot Issue MARITIME October 2020 Security a7.50 D 14974 E &Defence MSD From the Sea and Beyond ISSN 1617-7983 • European Naval Shipbuilding www.maritime-security-defence.com • • Counter-Mine Capabilities in Europe • Naval Propulsion Options MITTLER • Naval Interceptors October 2020 • European Submarine Builders REPORT MISSIONREADY From o shore patrol vessels to corvettes – Lürssen has more than 140 years of experience in building naval vessels of all types and sizes. We develop tailor-made maritime solutions to meet any of your requirements. Whenever the need arises, our logistic support services and spare parts supply are always there to help you. Anywhere in the world. Across all of the seven seas. Lürssen – The DNA of shipbuilding More information: + or www.luerssen-defence.com Editorial From the Sea and Beyond You are holding a new magazine concept in your hands, and might already be asking: “Security and Defence – again? Maritime? What for?” Photo: author Conrad Waters is a contributor to Mittler Report Verlag publi- Water covers more than 70 per cent of the world’s sur- cations, serves as editor of face – including rivers and lakes of strategic importance. “Navies in the 21st Century” It is the means for defining national boundaries, outlining and is the editor of the “World regions, conducting trade, feeding populations, energising Naval Review” since 2009 when the digital planet and relaxing safely on a beach holiday. it was founded. Yet, there are many aspects about the sea that are ignored or misunderstood by the current – and shrinking pool – of defence titles focused on it. Maritime Security and Defence is dedicated to remedy the broader understanding of “the sea” in a unique way. -
The Market for Naval Surface Warfare Systems
The Market for Naval Surface Warfare Systems Product Code #F675 A Special Focused Market Segment Analysis by: Warships Forecast Analysis 3 The Market for Naval Surface Warfare Systems 2010-2019 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................2 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................4 Tactical Requirements.............................................................................................................................................8 Platforms...................................................................................................................................................................15 Weapons ...................................................................................................................................................................16 Competitive Environment.....................................................................................................................................20 Market Statistics .....................................................................................................................................................29 Table 1 - The Market for Naval Surface Warfare Systems Unit Production by Headquarters/Company/Program 2010 - 2019 ...............................................32 Table -
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Solidarity and deterrence in the Eastern Mediterranean An analysis of the delicate question of collective defence between EU member states vis-à-vis Turkey Recherches & Documents N°13/2021 Elie Perot Brussels School of Governance (BSoG), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) June 2021 www.frstrategie.org List of acronyms AWACS Airborne Warning And Control System CSDP Common Security and Defence Policy EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EIB European Investment Bank ESDP European Security and Defence Policy EU European Union EUGS European Union Global Strategy High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security HR/VP Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission ICJ International Court of Justice MBT Modified Brussels Treaty NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization TEU Treaty on European Union TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union UN United Nations UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea WEU Western European Union FONDATION pour la RECHERCHE STRAT É GIQUE TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary ............................................................................................................. 1 Introduction: the collective defence dimension of the dispute with Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean ................................................................................................................... 2 1. Reacting to the crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean: collective defence through the EU as an option of last resort .................................................................................................. -
The Italian Attack on Alexandria 18/19 December 1941
Naval War College Review Volume 68 Article 8 Number 3 Summer 2015 Frogmen against a Fleet: The tI alian Attack on Alexandria 18/19 December 1941 Vincent P. O’Hara Enrico Cernuschi Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation O’Hara, Vincent P. and Cernuschi, Enrico (2015) "Frogmen against a Fleet: The tI alian Attack on Alexandria 18/19 December 1941," Naval War College Review: Vol. 68 : No. 3 , Article 8. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol68/iss3/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. O’Hara and Cernuschi: Frogmen against a Fleet: The Italian Attack on Alexandria 18/19 D FROGMEN AGAINST A FLEET The Italian Attack on Alexandria 18/19 December 1941 Vincent P. O’Hara and Enrico Cernuschi n March 1939 Italy’s Regia Marina established a specialized and secret naval warfare unit called Decima Flottiglia MAS (Motoscafo Anti Sommergibili), Igenerally known as the 10th Light Flotilla or X MAS� This unit was innovative, in that it employed selected, highly trained personnel using special weapons and delivery systems to conduct sneak attacks� On the night of 18 December 1941, six members of this unit penetrated the main British naval base in the eastern Mediterranean at Alexandria, Egypt, and disabled the Mediterranean Fleet’s two battleships, a tanker, and a destroyer� In few military endeavors has so little been risked to achieve so much� This article examines Vincent P.