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Green Train Basis for a Scandinavian High-Speed Train Concept

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Green train Basis for a Scandinavian high-speed train concept FINAL REPORT, PART A Oskar Fröidh KTH Railway Group, publication 12-01 Trains for tomorrow’s travellers Trains for tomorrow’s travellers www.gronataget.se www.railwaygroup.kth.se Printed in Stockholm 2012 Green Train Basis for a Scandinavian high-speed train concept Final report, Part A Oskar Fröidh Stockholm 2012 KTH Railway Group Publication 12-01 ISBN 978-91-7501-232-2 Green Train. Basis for a concept English translation: Ian Hutchinson All illustrations, if otherwise not mentioned: Oskar Fröidh © Oskar Fröidh, 2012 Contact the author: Div. of Transport and Logistics Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden [email protected] KTH Railway Group Sebastian Stichel [email protected] Phone: +46 8 790 60 00 www.railwaygroup.kth.se 2 Final report, part A Foreword The Green Train (in Swedish ―Gröna Tåget‖) is rather unique as a research and development programme since it brings together both institutes of higher education and infrastructure managers and railway companies and train manufacturers in a common programme. Since its inception in 2005 the objective has been to develop a concept proposal for a new, attractive high- speed train adapted to Nordic conditions that is flexible for several different tasks on the railway and interoperable in the Scandinavian countries. The concept proposal can act as a bank of ideas, recommendations and technical solutions for railway companies, track managers and the manufacturing industry. It is an open source, which means that it is accessible to all conceivable stakeholders. The research programme has already attracted the interest of the industry both in Sweden and other countries during the years we have been working on it. We do not, however, have a finished train to show, but the results of the programme are presented primarily in two final reports that are based on a large number of research reports. Final report A, which is this one, deals with the travel market, traffic, economy and the bases of the Gröna Tåget train concept. The report gives a background to the environment for which the train concept is intended and focuses on how the users, the travellers and the train operators can derive the greatest possible benefits. Final Report B 1 deals with the recommendations that the Gröna Tåget concept proposal constitutes on a more technical level. This part also briefly describes the context and the lines where the train is intended to operate. Finally, the author would like in particular to thank Tohmmy Bustad at the Swedish Transport Administration for his support throughout the research programme, and Evert Andersson, programme coordinator at KTH, for his excellent cooperation. I would also like to wish all participants good luck in their future activities with all the knowledge generated in Gröna Tåget. Stockholm, January 2012 Oskar Fröidh 1 Andersson, E., 2012: Green Train. Concept proposal for a Scandinavian high-speed train. Final report, part B. KTH Railway Group Publication 12-02, Stockholm 3 Green Train. Basis for a concept Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge the following participants in the programme for a rewarding and developing cooperation: Trafikverket The Swedish Transport Administration Tohmmy Bustad, responsible for the programme Nils Edström, Malcolm Lundgren and Björn Svahn Johan Öberg, Nicolas Renard and Bengt B. Johansson Bombardier Transportation, Sweden Henrik Tengstrand, Regina 250 coordinator Johan Palm, Christer Högström and Jakob Wingren Richard Schneider (CH), Åsa Sandberg and Ben Diedrichs Astrid Herbst, Anders Frid, Ulf Orrenius and Christina Larsson Operators Peder Wadman, Tågoperatörerna Susanne Rymell, SJ AB Björn Asplund, Transitio Vinnova, institutes and consultants Carl Naumburg, Vinnova (funding) Olle Lundberg, LundbergDesign Joakim Jörgensen, Lars Andersson and Per Gullers, Interfleet Technology Per Leander, Lennart Kloow and Mattias Jenstav, Transrail Björn Kufver, Ferroplan Lena Kecklund and Marcus Dimgård, MTO Safety Jennifer Warg, Vectura Björn Blissing, Lars Eriksson, Selina Mårdh, Lena Nilsson and Jerker Sundström, VTI Universities (except KTH) Daniel Eriksson and Martin Ranvinge, Konstfack Sinisa Krajnovič, Chalmers Anders Jansson, Uppsala Universitet Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Evert Andersson, programme coordinator Bo-Lennart Nelldal, Hans Sipilä and Karl Kottenhoff Rickard Persson (also VTI and Bombardier Transportation) Ulf Carlsson, Shaffiq Khan and Kent Lindgren 4 Final report, part A Anneli Orvnäs, Sebastian Stichel and Piotr Lukaszewicz Tomas Karis and Mikael Sjöholm Tomas Muld and Gunilla Efraimsson Juliette Soulard and Stefan Östlund 5 Green Train. Basis for a concept Contents Foreword ................................................................................................... 3 Contents .................................................................................................... 6 Abstract ..................................................................................................... 9 Summary .................................................................................................. 11 1. Gröna Tåget – an introduction ............................................................. 17 1.1 What is Gröna Tåget? ...................................................................................... 17 1.2 About the research programme ..................................................................... 19 1.3 Summary ............................................................................................................ 21 2. The travel market for high-speed train traffic ...................................... 23 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 23 2.2 The long-distance travel market .................................................................... 24 2.3 Production costs for trains and air transport ............................................... 29 2.4 Express trains in the travel market ................................................................ 32 2.5 Demand calculations ....................................................................................... 36 2.6 Summary ............................................................................................................ 41 3. Traffic with Gröna Tåget ...................................................................... 43 3.1 Scandinavia and neighbouring countries ...................................................... 43 3.2 Traffic design .................................................................................................... 47 3.3 Demand variations in the traffic .................................................................... 52 3.4 Summary ............................................................................................................ 56 4. Economy in the train concepts ............................................................ 57 4.1 The cost model ................................................................................................. 57 4.2 General analyses ............................................................................................... 65 4.3 Analyses of train concepts .............................................................................. 68 4.4 Financial key ratios ........................................................................................... 75 4.5 Summary ............................................................................................................ 77 5. Prerequisites for express trains ............................................................ 79 5.1 Safety .................................................................................................................. 79 5.2 Train driver’s environment ............................................................................. 82 5.3 The train’s width .............................................................................................. 83 5.4 Train configuration and train length ............................................................. 94 5.5 Summary ............................................................................................................ 98 6 Final report, part A 6. Train concepts ..................................................................................... 99 6.1 The travellers are the target group ................................................................ 99 6.2 Design for punctual stops ............................................................................. 102 6.3 Luggage on trains ........................................................................................... 117 6.4 Seating comfort .............................................................................................. 124 6.5 Refreshments .................................................................................................. 130 6.6 Design for long-distance traffic ................................................................... 131 6.7 Summary .......................................................................................................... 142 7. Track for higher speeds ...................................................................... 145 7.1 Objectives for speed increase ....................................................................... 145 7.2 Track geometry and train characteristics ...................................................
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