DOCSLIB.ORG

The Song of Kriol: a Grammar of the Kriol Language of Belize

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Song of Kriol: a Grammar of the Kriol Language of Belize The Song of Kriol: A Grammar of the Kriol Language of Belize Ken Decker THE SONG OF KRIOL: A GRAMMAR OF THE KRIOL LANGUAGE OF BELIZE Ken Decker SIL International DIS DA FI WI LANGWIJ Belize Kriol Project This is a publication of the Belize Kriol Project, the language and literacy arm of the National Kriol Council No part of this publication may be altered, and no part may be reproduced in any form without the express permission of the author or of the Belize Kriol Project, with the exception of brief excerpts in articles or reviews or for educational purposes. Please send any comments to: Ken Decker SIL International 7500 West Camp Wisdom Rd. Dallas, TX 75236 e-mail: [email protected] or Belize Kriol Project P.O. Box 2120 Belize City, Belize c/o e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Copies of this and other publications of the Belize Kriol Project may be obtained through the publisher or the Bible Society Bookstore 33 Central American Blvd. Belize City, Belize e-mail: [email protected] © Belize Kriol Project 2005 ISBN # 978-976-95215-2-0 First Published 2005 2nd Edition 2009 Electronic Edition 2013 CONTENTS 1. LANGUAGE IN BELIZE ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 DEFINING BELIZE KRIOL AND BELIZE CREOLE ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 ENGLISH IN RELATIONSHIP TO KRIOL ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 KRIOL LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND EDUCATION ..................................................................................... 7 1.5 BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH .......................................................................................................... 9 2. THE SOUND SYSTEM OF BELIZE KRIOL ...................................................................................... 11 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PHONOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 11 2.2 CONSONANTS ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 VOWELS .............................................................................................................................................. 14 2.4 DISTRIBUTION OF PHONEMES .............................................................................................................. 21 2.5 SYLLABLE STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.6 HIGHER LEVEL PHONOLOGICAL FEATURES ........................................................................................... 24 2.7 HISTORICAL CHANGES IN SOUNDS ....................................................................................................... 27 2.8 SOUND VARIATIONS AND WRITING ...................................................................................................... 31 3. THE WRITING OF BELIZE KRIOL ................................................................................................... 33 3.1 HISTORY OF WRITING BELIZE KRIOL ................................................................................................... 33 3.2 THE PROCESS OF ORTHOGRAPHY DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................... 33 3.3 THE BELIZE KRIOL WRITING SYSTEM ................................................................................................. 36 3.4 SENTENCE CONSTITUENTS AND KRIOL PUNCTUATION ........................................................................ 37 4. THE WORDS OF BELIZE KRIOL ...................................................................................................... 39 4.1 NOUNS................................................................................................................................................. 39 4.2 PRONOUNS .......................................................................................................................................... 43 4.3 ADJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................................... 48 4.4 PREPOSITIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 52 4.5 VERBS ................................................................................................................................................. 55 4.6 ADVERBS ............................................................................................................................................. 56 4.7 CONJUNCTIONS .................................................................................................................................... 69 4.8 INTERJECTIONS .................................................................................................................................... 71 5. SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN BELIZE KRIOL ................................................................................. 72 5.1 PHRASES .............................................................................................................................................. 72 5.2 CLAUSES.............................................................................................................................................. 88 5.3 SENTENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 103 6. DISCOURSE .......................................................................................................................................... 106 6.1 SOME DISCOURSE FEATURES............................................................................................................. 106 6.2 SAMPLE DISCOURSE EXAMPLE .......................................................................................................... 107 i CHARTS Chart 1: Consonant Symbol Correspondence ............................................................................... iii Chart 2: Vowel Symbol Correspondence ...................................................................................... iv Chart 3: Belize Kriol Vowels ....................................................................................................... 15 Chart 4: Previous research Vowel System Analysis ..................................................................... 17 Chart 5: English and Kriol Vowel Comparison ............................................................................ 20 Chart 6: Syllable Patterns ............................................................................................................. 24 Chart 7: Personal Pronouns .......................................................................................................... 44 Chart 8: Contrast of Kriol and English Personal Pronouns .......................................................... 45 Chart 9: Reflexive Pronouns ......................................................................................................... 46 Chart 10: Demonstratives ............................................................................................................. 50 Chart 11: Prepositions................................................................................................................... 53 Chart 12: Elements of the Noun Phrase ........................................................................................ 73 Chart 13: Possible Combinations of TMA Markers in Belize Kriol ............................................ 80 Chart 14: Constituent Order for Tense in English Verbs ............................................................. 81 Chart 15: Other Pre-verbal Phrase Ordering................................................................................. 82 Chart 16: Interrogative Words ...................................................................................................... 95 Chart 17: Subject-Verb Agreement in English ........................................................................... 101 Chart 18: Linguistic Description of Belize Kriol Phonemes ...................................................... 109 FIGURES Figure 1: Parts of the Mouth ......................................................................................................... 12 Figure 2: Relative Vowel Positions .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 3: Vowel Overlap .............................................................................................................. 17 Figure 4: Possible combinations of TMA markers in Belize Kriol .............................................. 79 ii Chart 1: Consonant Symbol Correspondence Phonemic1 Dictionary BK BK sample English Symbol Symbol2 Alphabet word translation b b b beed bead t͡ʃ ch ch cheet cheat d d d dayt date f f f fish fish ɡ ɡ g goat goat h h h hamadili armadillo d͡ʒ j j Joon June k k k keel keel l l l leek leak m m m mangroav mangrove n n n no no ŋ nɡ ng ring ring p p p paypa paper r r r reech reach s s s snayk snake ʃ sh sh ship ship t t t toad toad v
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Inglish Dikshineri = English
    Kriol – Inglish Dikshineri English – Kriol Dictionary Compiled and edited by Yvette Herrera Myrna Manzanares Silvana Woods Cynthia Crosbie Ken Decker Editor-in-Chief Paul Crosbie Belize Kriol Project Cover design: Adapted from Yasser Musa Cover photo: Courtesy Robert Spain at 2008 Crooked Tree Cashew Fest Illustrations in the Introduction are from The Art of Reading, SIL International Literacy Department SIL International provided linguistic consultancy to this publication of the Belize Kriol Project. The Belize Kriol Project is the language development arm of The National Kriol Council. www.sil.org The National Kriol Council House of Culture, Regent Street P.O. Box 2447 Belize City Belize www.kriol.org.bz Belize Kriol Project P.O. Box 2120 Office: 33 Central American Blvd. Belize City, Belize The first printing of this dictionary was in 2007 and was funded by The Ministry of Education and The National Institute of Culture and History House of Culture, Regent Street Belize City, Belize First Edition Copyright © 2007 Belize Kriol Project Second Printing 2009 ISBN # 978-976-95165-1-9 Printed by Print Belize Belmopan, Belize CONTENTS List of Abbreviations .......................................... iv Foreword by Sir Colville Young.............................v Preface ..................................................................... ix Acknowledgements.............................................. xi Introduction.............................................................1 Guide to Using the Dictionary...........................3 The
    [Show full text]
  • Chief Justice Annual Report on the Judiciary of Belize 2009
    Chief Justice Annual Report on the Judiciary of Belize 2009 CHIEF JUSTICE ANNUAL REPORT ON THE JUDICIARY OF BELIZE 2009-2010 1 Chief Justice Annual Report on the Judiciary of Belize 2009 FOREWARD 2 Chief Justice Annual Report on the Judiciary of Belize 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Annual Address by the Chief Justice Privy Council Court of Appeal Supreme Court General Registry Magistrates’ Court Family Court Law Library Judicial Officers Administrative and Support Staff 3 Chief Justice Annual Report on the Judiciary of Belize 2009 Annual Address by the Chief Justice EXCELLENCIES, MEMBERS OF THE DIPLOMATIC CORPS, MEMBERS OF THE CLERGY, THE OMBUDSMAN, PRESIDENT OF THE BAR ASSOCIATION OF BELIZE, YOUR WORSHIPS, LEARNED SENIOR COUNSEL AND ATTORNEYS, COMMISSIONERS OF THE SUPREME COURT, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: IN A REAL SENSE, TODAY WE STAND ON THE CUSP OF TIME. WE HAVE ALL ADDRESS DELIVERED WITNESSED, JUST A FEW AT THE FORMAL OPENING OF WEEKS AGO, THE END OF THE THE FIRST DECADE OF THE TWENTY- COURT COMMENCING THE 2010 FIRST CENTURY. A CENTURY LEGAL YEAR THAT HOLDS SO MUCH PROMISE OF THE SUPREME COURT FOR HUMANKIND. WHAT IS HOWEVER UNMISTAKABLE, IS ON THAT THE FIRST DECADE OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY MONDAY 18TH JANUARY, 2010 DID NOT END ON AN UNBOUNDED NOTE OF OPTIMISM. COUNTRIES ALL BY THE HON. CHIEF JUSTICE OVER THE WORLD, LARGE AND ABDULAI CONTEH SMALL, DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING, ARE IN THE THROES OF RECESSION; INTRODUCTION THOUGH IN SOME CASES, WITH A GLIMMER OF HOPE OF RECOVERY ON THE HORIZON. IT YOUR EXCELLENCY, THE IS UNDENIABLE HOWEVER, THAT GOVERNOR-GENERAL, SIR THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC AND COLVILLE YOUNG, MY LORDS FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTS OF GONZALEZ J., AWICH J., LUCAS THE LAST DECADE HAVE CAST A J., LORD J., LEGALL J., PALL OF GLOOM OVER MOST MESDAMES JUSTICES ARANA COUNTRIES, INCLUDING HERE IN AND HAFIZ-BERTRAM, MR.
    [Show full text]
  • 302232 Travelguide
    302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.1> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 5 WELCOME 6 GENERAL VISITOR INFORMATION 8 GETTING TO BELIZE 9 TRAVELING WITHIN BELIZE 10 CALENDAR OF EVENTS 14 CRUISE PASSENGER ADVENTURES Half Day Cultural and Historical Tours Full Day Adventure Tours 16 SUGGESTED OVERNIGHT ADVENTURES Four-Day Itinerary Five-Day Itinerary Six-Day Itinerary Seven-Day Itinerary 25 ISLANDS, BEACHES AND REEF 32 MAYA CITIES AND MYSTIC CAVES 42 PEOPLE AND CULTURE 50 SPECIAL INTERESTS 57 NORTHERN BELIZE 65 NORTH ISLANDS 71 CENTRAL COAST 77 WESTERN BELIZE 87 SOUTHEAST COAST 93 SOUTHERN BELIZE 99 BELIZE REEF 104 HOTEL DIRECTORY 120 TOUR GUIDE DIRECTORY 302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.2> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 302232 TRAVELGUIDE <P.3> (118*205) G5-15 DANIEL V2 The variety of activities is matched by the variety of our people. You will meet Belizeans from many cultural traditions: Mestizo, Creole, Maya and Garifuna. You can sample their varied cuisines and enjoy their music and Belize is one of the few unspoiled places left on Earth, their company. and has something to appeal to everyone. It offers rainforests, ancient Maya cities, tropical islands and the Since we are a small country you will be able to travel longest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. from East to West in just two hours. Or from North to South in only a little over that time. Imagine... your Visit our rainforest to see exotic plants, animals and birds, possible destinations are so accessible that you will get climb to the top of temples where the Maya celebrated the most out of your valuable vacation time.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter 2011, Minutes
    COBEC WINTER CONFERENCE HOST‐UWI OPEN CAMPUS, VENUE ITVET BUILDING, BELIZE CITY. THURSDAY‐FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 3‐4, 2011 Theme: strengthenIng partnershIp In educatIOn, culture, technOlOgy and spOrts: ExIstIng and future prOgrams wIthIn a changIng glObal ecOnOmy. PRESENT WERE: NAME INSTITUTION Jill Schulze Gainesville State College Al Panu Gainesville State College Carly Wyynne Gainesville State College Gustavo Ellis San Pedro Junior College Froylan Gilharry San Pedro Junior College Betty Flinchum University of North Florida Susan Ralph Bainbridge College Kathleen Kelsey Oklahoma State University Angel Cal University of Belize Thippi Thiagarajan University of Belize Jim O’Donnell New Mexico State University Sheree O. Dickenson Bainbridge College Daniel Moulton U.S. Dept. of State Denise Nisbet U.S. Embassy/State Dept. Corinth Morter‐Lewis University of Belize Nancy Leiva Centro Escolar Mexico Junior College Hugo Gonzalez Centro Escolar Mexico Junior College Deryck Satchwell Ministry of Education Hollis McCollum Kennesaw State University Tanya Ruetzier University of Mississippi Martha Bass University of Mississippi Kim Shackelford University of Mississippi Linda Keena University of Mississippi Beth Moore Viterbo University Rosemarie Modera Regional Language Centre, University of Belize Vincent Palacio University of Belize John Kemppainen University of North Florida Jose’ Mai Corozal Junior College Anthony Sabal Stann Creek Ecumenical Junior College Jack Hasling Valdosta State University Jane Zanher Valdosta State University Karen Martinez Stann
    [Show full text]
  • The Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Areas
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1966 The Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Areas. Alan Knowlton Craig Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Craig, Alan Knowlton, "The Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Areas." (1966). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1117. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1117 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been „ . „ i i>i j ■ m 66—6437 microfilmed exactly as received CRAIG, Alan Knowlton, 1930— THE GEOGRAPHY OF FISHING IN BRITISH HONDURAS AND ADJACENT COASTAL AREAS. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1966 G eo g rap h y University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE GEOGRAPHY OP FISHING IN BRITISH HONDURAS AND ADJACENT COASTAL AREAS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State university and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Alan Knowlton Craig B.S., Louisiana State university, 1958 January, 1966 PLEASE NOTE* Map pages and Plate pages are not original copy. They tend to "curl". Filmed in the best way possible. University Microfilms, Inc. AC KNQWLEDGMENTS The extent to which the objectives of this study have been acomplished is due in large part to the faithful work of Tiburcio Badillo, fisherman and carpenter of Cay Caulker Village, British Honduras.
    [Show full text]
  • Rassegna Stampa Fids
    Direzione Marketing e Comunicazione – Ufficio Stampa RASSEGNA STAMPA FIDS Maggio – Dicembre 2019 ANSA http://www.ansa.it/emiliaromagna/notizie/2019/05/15/a-rimini-leuropeo-di-street-dance_304aa318-4e1f- 416c-a968-f3bff0822c45.html Direzione Marketing e Comunicazione FIDS Responsabile: Dionisio Ciccarese per l’Ufficio Stampa Alessandro Montone (333 3911417) Direzione Marketing e Comunicazione – Ufficio Stampa ADNKRONOS BREAKDANCE: EUROPEI A RIMINI DAL 16 AL 19 MAGGIO = Roma, 15 mag. - (AdnKronos) - Rimini si infiamma con le sfide e le battaglie delle Urban Dance. Al Rds Stadium è tutto pronto per l'appuntamento con l'Europeo di Breakdance, Hip Hop e Electric Boogie, promosso dalla Ido (International dance organization) che per quattro giorni, dal 16 al 19 maggio, trasformerà la città romagnola in un vero tempio delle street dance internazionali. Sul dancefloor riminese sono attesi oltre 2.000 atleti, proveniente da 26 Nazioni che si sfideranno in evoluzioni, battle e gare one to one nei cyper e nelle arene tipiche dell'arti di strada. A scendere in pista le categorie Children, Junior e Adult suddivise a loro volta in Solo Male, Solo Female, Duo, Group e Formation che vedranno gareggiare le unità competitive under 11, 12/15 e 16/Oltre. Grande attenzione sarà riservata alle gare di Breakdance degli atleti 12/15 in quanto i migliori potranno andare a formare la nuova nazionale under 18 che potrà partecipare alle selezioni per le Olimpiadi Giovanile che si terranno in Senegal nel 2022. (segue) (Spr/AdnKronos) ISSN 2465 – 122 - 15-MAG-19 12:37 . NNNN BREAKDANCE: EUROPEI A RIMINI DAL 16 AL 19 MAGGIO (2) = (AdnKronos) - La Break sarà inoltre protagonista nella categoria 16/Oltre con i ''Fantastici 4'' della FIDS: Alessandra Cortesia (Bgirl Lexy), Alex Mammì (Bboy Lele), Eleonora Mereu (Bgirl Kobra) e Mattia Schinco (Bboy Bad Matty) che oltre a puntare alla vittoria nell'Europeo riminese comporranno la Nazionale Azzurra che a fine luglio parteciperà al Mondiale di breakdance in Cina.
    [Show full text]
  • The Place of Ata in Belizean Kriol
    Encoding Contrast, Inviting Disapproval: The Place of Ata in Belizean Kriol WILLIAM SALMON University of Minnesota, Duluth1 1 Introduction This paper investigates the semantics and pragmatics of the discourse marker ata in Belizean Kriol, as seen in (1). I show that ata is an adversative discourse marker similar to the Spanish discourse marker si, as described in Schwenter (1999, 2002), and that the two share much in terms of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. This is interesting, as there seems to be no English counterpart to the Kriol ata or Spanish si. (1) A: Wai yu nak yu sista?2 B: Ata da shee nak me fos! [KID] A: Why did you hit your sister? B: (But) it was she who hit me first!3 In terms of ata, I argue that it is used to convey an emphatic contrast with the immediately preceding discourse and that this contrast is a conventional implicature of the type described in Grice (1975). In addition, it is frequently used in conveying negative attitudes toward the preceding discourse. I argue that this is not a conventional aspect of ata’s meaning but that it is instead calculated in context via Gricean pragmatic reasoning as a conversational implicature. Finally, I suggest a diachronic origin for ata in the Kriol focus marker da. This present account of ata, then, covers significantly different ground than the account given in Salmon (to appear). In the next section, which follows from Salmon (to appear), I provide a brief background on the Kriol language as well as a discussion of where and how the data used in this paper were collected.
    [Show full text]
  • ECFG-Belize-2020R.Pdf
    ECFG: Central America Central ECFG: About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success (Photo: US Marine shows members of Belize Defense Force how to load ammunition into weapons). The guide consists of 2 E parts: CFG Part 1 “Culture General” provides the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment with a focus on Central America (CENTAM). Part 2 “Culture Specific” describes unique cultural features of Belize Belizean society. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. This section is designed to complement other pre- deployment training (Photo: USAF medic checks a Belizean patient’s vision during a medical readiness event). For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    Tuesday, April 13, 2021 AMANDALABelize Page 1 NO. 3451 BELIZE CITY, TUESDAY, APRIL 13, 2021 (20 PAGES) $1.00 PM Briceño presents lean budget “The National Budget is really a Budget about all the people — working people and business people 55 schools -– because from its birth to its burial, the National Budget touches all Belizeans in some way or the reopened other.” — Prime Minister Briceño BELMOPAN, Mon. Apr. 12, 2021 Representatives. His budget, titled On Friday, the Draft Estimates of “Today’s Sacrifice: Tomorrow’s Revenues and Expenditure for the Triumph!” outlined his government’s Fiscal Year 2021-2022 was goals to address the economic crisis presented by Prime Minister John Briceño. The PM delivered the Please turn toPage 19 national budget using a teleprompter, a first for the House of UDP discontinues UDP walks out after Julius claim against calls Patrick “boy” Mayor Wagner BELIZE CITY, Mon. Apr. 12, 2021 In late March, Cabinet approved the phased reopening of schools across the country, starting Monday, April 12, 2021. A memo issued by the CEO in the Ministry of Education announced that schools would be opened in two BELIZE CITY, Mon. Apr. 12, 2021 groups, with the first group reopening BELMOPAN, Fri. Apr. 9, 2021 the House of Representatives meeting The United Democratic Party has their classrooms on April 12. It has The Leader of the Opposition, at which this year’s budget was decided to withdraw its Supreme been one year since schools shuttered Hon. Patrick Faber, staged an opposition walkout on Friday from Please turn toPage 18 Please turn toPage 19 Please turn toPage 4 Siblings hit by truck, 11-year-old girl dies MOHW investigating post- vaccination death by Dayne Guy SANTA FAMILIA, Cayo, (See story on page 2) Mon.
    [Show full text]
  • Registration of Belizeans Overseas Connecting with the Diaspora
    Registration of Belizeans Overseas Connecting with the Diaspora The Government of Belize is undertaking an exercise to determine the number of Belizeans living overseas and to foster a closer relationship with this overseas community. It is hoped that through this exercise our various Embassies and Consulates will be better able to work with the Government of Belize to address the needs of our Citizens residing overseas by providing more and improved services, and to continue together in the work of developing Belize. The information being gathered through our various Embassies and Consulates will be transmitted to Belize for input into a secure database in the Ministry of Foreign accessible only to those in the ministry directly responsible for the Ministry’s relationship with the Overseas Community. Information submitted to the various Embassies and Consulates will also be retained in those offices to facilitate ease of communication with those persons who have expressed their desire to be involved. The information will not be shared, unless it is specifically requested on the form by those persons who wish to share their skills and talents; and even so contact will be made initially through the Embassy or Consulate through whom the information was submitted. Electronic copies of the form can be found on: www.belize.gov.bz, www.mfa.gov.bz, and on the website of our Embassies and Consulates as shown on our Ministry’s website contact details. In conducting this exercise the form requests some specific information – marked with an asterisk – which is required if the exercise is to be successful in determining the number of Belizeans living overseas and in what Country ( and State) they are concentrated.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Diaspora Sounds from Caribbean Central America
    Caribbean Studies ISSN: 0008-6533 [email protected] Instituto de Estudios del Caribe Puerto Rico Stone, Michael Diaspora Sounds from Caribbean Central America Caribbean Studies, vol. 36, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2008, pp. 221-235 Instituto de Estudios del Caribe San Juan, Puerto Rico Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=39215107020 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative WATCHING THE CARIBBEAN...PART II 221 Diaspora Sounds from Caribbean Central America Michael Stone Program in Latin American Studies Princeton University [email protected] Garifuna Drum Method. Produced by Emery Joe Yost and Matthew Dougherty. English and Garifuna with subtitles. Distributed by End of the Line Productions/ Lubaantune Records, 2008. DVD. Approximately 100 minutes, color. The Garifuna: An Enduring Spirit. Produced by Robert Flanagan and Suzan Al-Doghachi. English and Garifuna with subtitles. Lasso Pro- ductions, 2003. Distributed by Lasso Productions. DVD. 35 minutes, color. The Garifuna Journey. Produced by Andrea Leland and Kathy Berger. English and Garifuna with subtitles. New Day Films, 1998. Distributed by New Day Films. DVD and study guide. 47 minutes, color. Play, Jankunú, Play: The Garifuna Wanáragua Ritual of Belize. Produced by Oliver Greene. English and Garifuna with subtitles. Distributed by Documentary Educational Resources, 2007. DVD. 45 minutes, color. Trois Rois/ Three Kings of Belize. Produced by Katia Paradis. English, Spanish, Garifuna, and K’ekchi Maya with subtitles (French-language version also available).
    [Show full text]
  • Orthography Development for Creole Languages Decker, Ken
    University of Groningen Orthography Development for Creole Languages Decker, Ken IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2014 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Decker, K. (2014). Orthography Development for Creole Languages. [S.n.]. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 01-10-2021 ORTHOGRAPHY DEVELOPMENT FOR CREOLE LANGUAGES KENDALL DON DECKER The work in this thesis has been carried out under the auspices of SIL International® in collaboration with the National Kriol Council of Belize.
    [Show full text]