DOCSLIB.ORG

The Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Areas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Areas Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1966 The Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Areas. Alan Knowlton Craig Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Craig, Alan Knowlton, "The Geography of Fishing in British Honduras and Adjacent Coastal Areas." (1966). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1117. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1117 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been „ . „ i i>i j ■ m 66—6437 microfilmed exactly as received CRAIG, Alan Knowlton, 1930— THE GEOGRAPHY OF FISHING IN BRITISH HONDURAS AND ADJACENT COASTAL AREAS. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1966 G eo g rap h y University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE GEOGRAPHY OP FISHING IN BRITISH HONDURAS AND ADJACENT COASTAL AREAS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State university and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Alan Knowlton Craig B.S., Louisiana State university, 1958 January, 1966 PLEASE NOTE* Map pages and Plate pages are not original copy. They tend to "curl". Filmed in the best way possible. University Microfilms, Inc. AC KNQWLEDGMENTS The extent to which the objectives of this study have been acomplished is due in large part to the faithful work of Tiburcio Badillo, fisherman and carpenter of Cay Caulker Village, British Honduras. His practical advice and skill in boat handling brought us back from more than one trip which might otherwise have had less pleasant consequences. The sober dependability and reliance on the arts of traditional seamanship which he displayed are highly commendable qualities fast fading in many fishermen who have recently found themselves caught up in the process of cultural change. Sincere thanks are extended to Dr. Richard J. Russell, Director of the Coastal Studies institute at Louisiana state University for his interest and help in obtaining financial aid made available through a grant by the Office of Naval Research. The cooperation and indispensable material assistance of Miss Evelyn Pruitt, Head of the Geography Branch of ONR, is likewise greatly appreciated. Dr. Robert C. West, chairman of the dissertation committee, provided continuous encouragement during the course of this project. His exacting standards of research in the realm of Latin American geography have been the Pl u 3 ultra aspired to but imperfectly attained. By personal example, he has provided the inspiration that carries his students into remote and fascinating byways of the field and the no less torturous paths of the archives. Dr. Fred B. Kniffen has been equally instrumental in shaping the writer's philosophical approach to cultural geography. His constructive criticism and friendly en­ couragement have been most welcome. The permission of Dan Milan, President of the Milan Construction Company of New Orleans, Louisiana, to use the photographs in Plate V, together with his many other courtesies, are gratefully acknowledged as is the generous technical assistance supplied by Milton B. Newton, Jr. Other individuals to whom the author is especially indebted include: Felix Bradley, Lee High, Daniel J. Martin, Jr., Henry Melhado, David M. Pendergast, Esteban ("TarlJi") Reyes, Gordon A. Roe, Melbourne Smith, David R. Stoddart, Raymond Weir, and Simeon Young, Sr. A. H. Anderson, Phillip Arzu, Melvin Badillo, Manuel w. Bass, Dudley Beene, Patricio Blease, Harrison Burgess, Pablo Canto, Waldamar Delbert, Francifsco Delgado E., Benjamin Dixon, Eustace Evans, William Eyles, Anthony Frith, Roy Fanna, David Hess, A. A. Hunter, William s. Lady, ii Raymond Lombardy, Richard A. Long, William Lundy, Daniel Mar£n, "Garai" MarlTn, Robert McNabb, Carlyle Phillips, Joe D. Power, Bertram Powery, Edward G. Purdey, Harry Quinn, Doffa octavia de Reyes, John Roberts, Maximo SoliTs, Bertram Williams, and Sir Arthur Wolffsohn made different contributions that are equally appreciated. ill TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENT ....................................i LIST OF T A B L E S ................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .....................................viii LIST OF M A P S ..................................... ix LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS ............................... xi ABSTRACT .......................................... xv INTRODUCTION ................................... j. CHAPTER I. PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY AREA. 7 Coastal and o£fshore Configuration. 9 Climate and Weather ............... 14 Tides and Currents ............... 19 V e g e t a t i o n ........................ 22 Fish H a b i t a t ...................... 23 II. EVIDENCE OF ABORIGINAL FISHING ACTIVITY .......................... 31 Previous Work .................. .. 32 Site Descriptions ................. 37 Aboriginal Fishing Techniques .... 56 III. DEVELOPMENT OF FISHING IN THE COLONIAL PERIOD ................... 63 B u c c a n e e r s ........................ 64 Evidence from Early M a p s ........ 6 6 iv PAGE T u r t l i n g ........... 71 Manatee .................. ..... 77 Fishing Equipment. ........... 79 Food Habits and Preservation .... 80 IV. SHIPBUILDING AND THE EVOLUTION OF BOAT T Y P E S ........................... 87 Construction Techniques............. 90 Wood Preferences .................... 93 The P i t p a n ........................... 97 The D o r e y ........................... 97 The Creau ....................... 100 The Bay islands Dorey................... 101 The Botalon............................. 101 The Belizean Sm a c k ...................... 104 V. CONTRASTS IN SETTLEMENT PATTERNS AND FISHING PRACTICES ................ 112 Settlement History .................. 113 Distribution of Culture Areas. 116 Mestizo Settlement Pattern ......... 120 Creole Settlement Pattern ......... 126 Black Carib Settlement pattern . 130 Settlement on Guanaja ............. 133 Contrasts in Fishing Practices . 135 VI. THE SCALE FISH INDUSTRY .............. 140 Contemporary Equipment and T e c h n i q u e s ..............................145 Seasonal Fish Concentrations .... 156 v PAGE The Bon ito F i s h e r y .................. 165 VII. THE SPINEY LOBSTER INDUSTRY......... 170 Lobster Habits and Habitat ......... 170 Origin and Development of the I n d u s t r y ............................. 173 Trap Design and Construction .... 176 Trapping Techniques ................ 179 Processing and Marketing ........... 185 VIII. SECONDARY EXPLOITATION OF MARINE RESOURCES............................. 193 Contemporary Turtling................ 193 The Conch Industry .................. 202 The Sponge industry.................. 207 Present Status of Manatee........... 213 IX. CONCLUSIONS.............. 218 REFERENCES CITED.................................. 232 APPENDIX I ...................................... 241 APPENDIX I I ...................................... 243 VITA............................................... 246 vi LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE I Site Classification - Salt Creek Lagoon Area 5 0 II Diet of Prisoners at Hard Labor 82 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE I Sketch of the "Mai Golpe" by Simeon Young, Sr. 103 viii LIST OF MAPS PAGE MAP NO. 1 : Regional Location Map. 2 MAP NO. 2 : Location Map - Northern Area. 8 MAP NO. 3: Location Map - Central Area. 1 0 MAP NO. 4: Location Map - southern Area. 1 1 MAP NO. 5: Distribution of Rainfall, Currents and Winds. 2 0 MAP NO. 6 : Distribution of Aboriginal Sites. 33 MAP NO. 7: Hick's Cay Site. 40 MAP NO. 8 : Cay chapel Site. 43 MAP NO. 9: Aboriginal Sites in the Colson Point 45 Area. MAP NO. 1 0 : Aboriginal sites in the Salt Creek Lagoon Area. 48 MAP NO. 1 1 : "Caio Cosina" in 1764. 67 MAP NO. 1 2 : New Description of the Coast from Cape Caroaron to the River of Balis in Honduras - 1753. 69 MAP NO. 13: Private Map of the Bay of Honduras for the Use of Jamaican Smugglers - 1780. 70 MAP NO. 14: Part A; The Bay islands. 96 Part B; Roatan - 1794. MAP NO. 15: Distribution of Culture Areas and Fishing Practices. 117 MAP NO. 16: Cay Caulker Village in 1965. 1 2 2 PAGE MAP NO. 17: St. George1s Cay in 1945. 128 MAP NO. 18: Barranco in 1945. 132 MAP NO. 19: Distribution of Fishing Grounds. 141 MAP NO. 2 0 : Distribution of the Spiny Lobster. 172 MAP NO. 2 1 : Distribution of Secondary Marine 195 Resources. LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS PAGE PLATE Is 222 Fig. A: Preparing a half-model. Fig. B: Sharpening a hoe adz. Fig. C: Detail of deadwood construction. Fig. D: Shrimp clipper construction - Guanaja. Fig. E: Smack construction - stern view. Fig. F: Smack construction - planing of pine planking. PLATE lit 223 Fig. A: Dorey design - "silk-cotton" (ceiba) wood. Fig. B: Large seining dorey with out­ board bracket - La Ceiba. Fig. C: The "creau" or sailing dorey. Fig. D: Sail plan of small Black Carib dorey. Fig. E: Motorized doreys - Belize Harbor Fig. F: Motorized dorey - “The Town“, Guanaja. PLATE Ills 224 Fig. A: The "Lion R." and "Cruzita" - Cay Caulker. Fig. B j Detail of the "Lion R."'s live well-Cay caulker. xi PAGE Pig. C: The "Lion R." becalmed near Hick's Cay. Pig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Update Report
    UPDATE REPORT DECEMBER, 2014 Mesoamerican Reef Fund www.marfund.org / [email protected] Picture by Ian Drysdale Dear Friends, We have finished one more productive year and we don’t want to let you go to your Holidays without knowing what progress we have had during the year. Please share among your network! Conservation of Marine Resources in Central America Project, Phase I The four protected areas that are part of Phase I of the Project have almost completed their third year of implementation. During this year, the most relevant advances in the areas, among many others were: the joint work that has begun between administrators, NGOs, stakeholders and coastal communities regarding management and of natural resources, community development and control and surveillance. Alternative productive activities have also started to generate income in some communities. Monitoring and environmental education programs have been consolidated. Because Phase I will end in December, 2016, in October, the areas began with the development of a Biennial Work Plan that will not only include field activities, but also closing activities in each protected area. With a biennial plan, the areas will be able to include sustainability plans towards continuity after the Project ends. The work plans are now being reviewed for approval. The mid-term evaluation of Phase I of the Project was held during the months of September, October and November. Key recommendations from this report are being taken into consideration in the biennial work plans, in order to improve and consolidate conservation actions in the areas. Technical and administrative follow up from our member funds and also our staff has been a key ingredient in the development of the field activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Support for the Implementation of the National Sustainable Tourism Master Plan (NSTMP) BL-T1054
    Destination Development Plan & Small Scale Investment Project Plan Specific Focus on the Toledo District, Belize 2016 - 2020 Prepared for: Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Table of Tables.............................................................................................................................................. 5 Table of Annexes .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Glossary: ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary: ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction: ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Background: ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Community Engagement: ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Finding the Unexpected
    By Damien LeRoy | www.damienleroy.com Finding the Unexpected in Honduras Most of us dream of our next kite adventure being to some untouched, far off destination with pristine waters and constant wind where you feel like the only people around for miles are you and your friends. A lot of exotic locations probably come to mind when you try to imagine this dream location, but I’m pretty sure Honduras isn’t one of them. At least not yet. 34 35 Located about 45 miles from the Honduran mainland, the small island of Guanaja might be very similar to that perfect remote location you’ve been dreaming about. Guanaja was Christopher Columbus’s first stop on his last trip to the New World in 1502 and was where he was first exposed to cacao (chocolate). Only three miles wide by seven miles long there are no cars on Guanaja and the only way to travel around the island is by water taxi. The people here have traditionally been fishermen, so Guanaja’s culture is very much linked to the ocean. Most people on Guanaja produce their own food through fishing, raising livestock, or growing personal gardens. Tourism is still in its infancy on Guanaja and if there are 50 tourists on the island at a time it would be considered very busy. Guanaja is part of Honduras, but is really its own little place that feels completely disconnected from the rest of the country and in some ways the rest of the world. Rising out of the beautiful crystal clear Caribbean water to an elevation of 1,500 feet, Guanaja is situated near the end of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, the second largest barrier reef in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Song of Kriol: a Grammar of the Kriol Language of Belize
    The Song of Kriol: A Grammar of the Kriol Language of Belize Ken Decker THE SONG OF KRIOL: A GRAMMAR OF THE KRIOL LANGUAGE OF BELIZE Ken Decker SIL International DIS DA FI WI LANGWIJ Belize Kriol Project This is a publication of the Belize Kriol Project, the language and literacy arm of the National Kriol Council No part of this publication may be altered, and no part may be reproduced in any form without the express permission of the author or of the Belize Kriol Project, with the exception of brief excerpts in articles or reviews or for educational purposes. Please send any comments to: Ken Decker SIL International 7500 West Camp Wisdom Rd. Dallas, TX 75236 e-mail: [email protected] or Belize Kriol Project P.O. Box 2120 Belize City, Belize c/o e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Copies of this and other publications of the Belize Kriol Project may be obtained through the publisher or the Bible Society Bookstore 33 Central American Blvd. Belize City, Belize e-mail: [email protected] © Belize Kriol Project 2005 ISBN # 978-976-95215-2-0 First Published 2005 2nd Edition 2009 Electronic Edition 2013 CONTENTS 1. LANGUAGE IN BELIZE ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 DEFINING BELIZE KRIOL AND BELIZE CREOLE ...................................................................................... 2 1.3
    [Show full text]
  • Fronts in the World Ocean's Large Marine Ecosystems. ICES CM 2007
    - 1 - This paper can be freely cited without prior reference to the authors International Council ICES CM 2007/D:21 for the Exploration Theme Session D: Comparative Marine Ecosystem of the Sea (ICES) Structure and Function: Descriptors and Characteristics Fronts in the World Ocean’s Large Marine Ecosystems Igor M. Belkin and Peter C. Cornillon Abstract. Oceanic fronts shape marine ecosystems; therefore front mapping and characterization is one of the most important aspects of physical oceanography. Here we report on the first effort to map and describe all major fronts in the World Ocean’s Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Apart from a geographical review, these fronts are classified according to their origin and physical mechanisms that maintain them. This first-ever zero-order pattern of the LME fronts is based on a unique global frontal data base assembled at the University of Rhode Island. Thermal fronts were automatically derived from 12 years (1985-1996) of twice-daily satellite 9-km resolution global AVHRR SST fields with the Cayula-Cornillon front detection algorithm. These frontal maps serve as guidance in using hydrographic data to explore subsurface thermohaline fronts, whose surface thermal signatures have been mapped from space. Our most recent study of chlorophyll fronts in the Northwest Atlantic from high-resolution 1-km data (Belkin and O’Reilly, 2007) revealed a close spatial association between chlorophyll fronts and SST fronts, suggesting causative links between these two types of fronts. Keywords: Fronts; Large Marine Ecosystems; World Ocean; sea surface temperature. Igor M. Belkin: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA [tel.: +1 401 874 6533, fax: +1 874 6728, email: [email protected]].
    [Show full text]
  • Dinghy14a 011419.Odt
    CSC DINGHY SAILING MANUAL January 2019 Introduction Thereʹs no substitute for actual sailing if you want to learn to sail. This booklet is only intended as a technical reference, to reinforce sailing lessons. If youʹre new to sailing, relax—youʹre in good company. Most new members of the Cal Sailing Club do not know how to sail when they join. Put this book down until later, and go sailing. Credits Editor: John Bongiovani Author: John Bergmann Change History Anonymous. First published Edition. The club began about a century ago as an offshoot of a loose association of UC students and professors who were interested in sailing. Perhaps there was a manual—who knows? A manual for sailing was put together using a typewriter and hand drawn pictures, distributed in booklet format. The most memorable part was a cartoon telling how to get onto a Lido from the water, showing a shark. Fi.ing conveniently in a pocket, most copies were turned into pulp during the new owners first lesson. Sometime in the 1970s. 4arious minor changes stemming from disputes over gybing and other pe.ifoggery. Sometime during the disco era. The advent of the computer in revising the manual, but keeping the same organization. Major discovery: pdfs dont fit in pockets. Sometime in the Clinton era. Major revisions to re6ect the end of the Lido, which had served the club 7poorly8 since 1959. Sometime in the Bush II years 411. Joel Brandt June, 2011 Dinghy Manual. Cal Sailing Club January 2019 Page 2 412 John Bergmann, updated content and format, added detail on the R 4entures, March, 2016 413 Made corrections, added content on Quests, added more figures, and added a table of figures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Value of Turneffe Atoll Mangrove Forests, Seagrass Beds and Coral Reefs in Protecting Belize City from Storms
    The Value of Turneffe Atoll Mangrove Forests, Seagrass Beds and Coral Reefs in Protecting Belize City from Storms Prepared by: Dr. Tony Fedler Gainesville, FL Prepared for: Turneffe Atoll Trust Belize City, Belize August 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iii List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iv Ecosystem Services Provided by Coral Reefs, Mangrove Forests and Seagrass Beds………………………… 1 Measuring the Value of Shoreline Protection…………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Shoreline Protection Valuation Studies……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 The Value of Shoreline Protection for Turneffe Atoll and Belize……………………………………………………….. 8 World Resources Institute Project……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Belize Coastal Zone Management Plan………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Summary of Other Economic Benefits from Coral Reefs, Mangrove Forests and Seagrass Beds………. 14 Discussion and Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was initiated with funding from the Mesoamerican Reef Fund (MAR Fund) and Turneffe Atoll Trust. It was aided considerably by several congenial staff members of the Coastal Zone Management Authority & Institute (CZMAI). Ms. Andria Rosado, CZMAI GIS Technician, was very instrumental in providing valuable information for the Storm Mitigation Project. She generated ecosystems maps displaying three main ecosystems (i.e. seagrass, mangrove
    [Show full text]
  • Major Trends Affecting Families in Central America and the Caribbean
    Major Trends Affecting Families in Central America and the Caribbean Prepared by: Dr. Godfrey St. Bernard The University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago Phone Contacts: 1-868-776-4768 (mobile) 1-868-640-5584 (home) 1-868-662-2002 ext. 2148 (office) E-mail Contacts: [email protected] [email protected] Prepared for: United Nations Division of Social Policy and Development Department of Economic and Social Affairs Program on the Family Date: May 23, 2003 Introduction Though an elusive concept, the family is a social institution that binds two or more individuals into a primary group to the extent that the members of the group are related to one another on the basis of blood relationships, affinity or some other symbolic network of association. It is an essential pillar upon which all societies are built and with such a character, has transcended time and space. Often times, it has been mooted that the most constant thing in life is change, a phenomenon that is characteristic of the family irrespective of space and time. The dynamic character of family structures, - including members’ status, their associated roles, functions and interpersonal relationships, - has an important impact on a host of other social institutional spheres, prospective economic fortunes, political decision-making and sustainable futures. Assuming that the ultimate goal of all societies is to enhance quality of life, the family constitutes a worthy unit of inquiry. Whether from a social or economic standpoint, the family is critical in stimulating the well being of a people. The family has been and will continue to be subjected to myriad social, economic, cultural, political and environmental forces that shape it.
    [Show full text]
  • Central America (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua): Patterns of Human Rights Violations
    writenet is a network of researchers and writers on human rights, forced migration, ethnic and political conflict WRITENET writenet is the resource base of practical management (uk) independent analysis e-mail: [email protected] CENTRAL AMERICA (GUATEMALA, EL SALVADOR, HONDURAS, NICARAGUA): PATTERNS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS A Writenet Report by Beatriz Manz (University of California, Berkeley) commissioned by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Status Determination and Protection Information Section (DIPS) August 2008 Caveat: Writenet papers are prepared mainly on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. The papers are not, and do not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The views expressed in the paper are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Writenet or UNHCR. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................ iii 1 Introduction........................................................................................1 1.1 Regional Historical Background ................................................................1 1.2 Regional Contemporary Background........................................................2 1.3 Contextualized Regional Gang Violence....................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • No. 10232 MULTILATERAL Agreement Establishing The
    No. 10232 MULTILATERAL Agreement establishing the Caribbean Development Bank (with annexes, Protocol to provide for procedure for amendment of article 36 of the Agreement and Final Act of the Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Caribbean Development Bank). Done at Kingston, Jamaica, on 18 October 1969 Authentic text: English. Registered ex officio on 26 January 1970. MULTILATÉRAL Accord portant création de la Banque de développement des Caraïbes (avec annexes, Protocole établissant la procé dure de modification de l'article 36 de l'Accord et Acte final de la Conférence de plénipotentiaires sur la Ban que de développement des Caraïbes). Fait à Kingston (Jamaïque), le 18 octobre 1969 Texte authentique: anglais. Enregistr d©office le 26 janvier 1970. 218 United Nations Treaty Series 1970 AGREEMENT 1 ESTABLISHING THE CARIBBEAN DEVEL OPMENT BANK The Contracting Parties, CONSCIOUS of the need to accelerate the economic development of States and Territories of the Caribbean and to improve the standards of living of their peoples; RECOGNIZING the resolve of these States and Territories to intensify economic co-operation and promote economic integration in the Caribbean; AWARE of the desire of other countries outside the region to contribute to the economic development of the region; CONSIDERING that such regional economic development urgently requires the mobilization of additional financial and other resources; and CONVINCED that the establishment of a regional financial institution with the broadest possible participation will facilitate
    [Show full text]
  • Rejoinder of The~ Republic of Honduras
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE MARJTIME DELIMITATION BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND HONDURAS IN THE CARIBBEAN SEA (NICARAGUA v. HONDURAS) REJOINDER OF THE~ REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS VOLUMEI 13 AUGUST 2003 v CHAPTER 6: GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS .................................................... 107 A. Cabo Gracias a Dios: Where the Land Boundary Meets the Sea ................................................................................................. 108 B. The Coasts of the Parties that Face the Maritime Area to be Delimited ....................................................................................... 111 C. The Islands and Rocks oflmportance to This Case which Lie in Front ofthe Land Boundary Terminus ...................................... 113 D. The Non-Relevance of Shallow Geomorphological Sea-Floor Features ......................................................................................... 116 CHAPTER 7: OBSERVATIONS ON THE NICARAGUAN LINE ................... 119 A. The Technical Characteristics ofthe Nicaraguan Line .................. 119 B. The Nicaraguan Line Runs on the Wrong Side of the Honduran Islands Situated between 15° N. Latitude and 15°15' N. Latitude ......................................................................... 120 C. The Nicaraguan Line Gives No Weight to Honduran Islands North of 15°15' N. Latitude .......................................................... 121 D. The Bisector of Coastal Fronts Presented by Nicaragua Is Based upon a Flawed Assessment of Coastal Fronts and Delimitation Methods ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Development in Post-Disaster Intentional Communities in Honduras
    From Tragedy to Opportunity: Long-term Development in Post-Disaster Intentional Communities in Honduras A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Ryan Chelese Alaniz IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Ronald Aminzade June 2012 © Ryan Alaniz 2012 Acknowledgements Like all manuscripts of this length it took the patience, love, and encouragement of dozens of people and organizations. I would like to thank my parents for their support, numerous friends who provided feedback in informal conversations, my amazing editor and partner Jenny, my survey team, and the residents of Nueva Esperanza, La Joya, San Miguel Arcangel, Villa El Porvenir, La Roca, and especially Ciudad España and Divina for their openness in sharing their lives and experiences. Finally, I would like to thank Doug Hartmann, Pat McNamara, David Pellow, and Ross MacMillan for their generosity of time and wisdom. Most importantly I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Ron, who is an inspiration personally and professionally. I would also like to thank the following organizations and fellowship sponsors for their financial support: the University of Minnesota and the Department of Sociology, the Social Science Research Council, Fulbright, the Bilinski Foundation, the Public Entity Risk Institute, and the Diversity of Views and Experiences (DOVE) Fellowship. i Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to all those who have been displaced by a disaster and have struggled/continue to struggle to rebuild their lives. It is also dedicated to my son, Santiago. May you grow up with a desire to serve the most vulnerable.
    [Show full text]