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Assessing Steam Locomotive Dynamics and Running Safety by Computer Simulation
TRANSPORT PROBLEMS 2015 PROBLEMY TRANSPORTU Volume 10 Special Edition steam locomotive; balancing; reciprocating; hammer blow; rolling stock and track interaction Dāvis BUŠS Institute of Transportation, Riga Technical University Indriķa iela 8a, Rīga, LV-1004, Latvia Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ASSESSING STEAM LOCOMOTIVE DYNAMICS AND RUNNING SAFETY BY COMPUTER SIMULATION Summary. Steam locomotives are preserved on heritage railways and also occasionally used on mainline heritage trips, but since they are only partially balanced reciprocating piston engines, damage is made to the railway track by dynamic impact, also known as hammer blow. While causing a faster deterioration to the track on heritage railways, the steam locomotive may also cause deterioration to busy mainline tracks or tracks used by high speed trains. This raises the question whether heritage operations on mainline can be done safely and without influencing the operation of the railways. If the details of the dynamic interaction of the steam locomotive's components are examined with computerised calculations they show differences with the previous theories as the smaller components cannot be disregarded in some vibration modes. A particular narrow gauge steam locomotive Gr-319 was analyzed and it was found, that the locomotive exhibits large dynamic forces on the track, much larger than those given by design data, and the safety of the ride is impaired. Large unbalanced vibrations were found, affecting not only the fatigue resistance of the locomotive, but also influencing the crew and passengers in the train consist. Developed model and simulations were used to check several possible parameter variations of the locomotive, but the problems were found to be in the original design such that no serious improvements can be done in the space available for the running gear and therefore the running speed of the locomotive should be limited to reduce its impact upon the track. -
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A Review of Rail Behavior u.s. Department Under Wheel/flail Impact Of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration Load ing ,/mY,M~lflijltl~ffDU \'------------- Office of Research and Development Washington DC 20590 D. R. Ahlbeck Batelle Columbus. Laboratories 505 King Avenue Columbus. Ohio 43201-2693 DOT -FRA-ORO-86-01 April 1986 This document IS avaliableto the DOT -TSC-FRA-85-5 Final Report Public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. RfPROOUCED BY NA Tl.ONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPRINGFiElD, VA. 22161 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products of manufacturers. Trade of manufacturers'names appear herein solely because they are con sidered essential to the object of this report. a... - Technical Report Documentation Page I. Repo"No~---------------------r~2~.~G~0-v-.-r"-m-e-n-t~A-c-c-e'-I~io-n~N-o.~---------r~3-.~R~e-c~iP-i-en-t~·'~C-ot-o~lo-g-N--0.---------------, DOT-FRA-ORO-86-0l 4. Till. and Subtitle s. Reporr Dale April 1986 A REVIEW OF RAIL BEHAVIOR UNDER WHEEL/RAIL 6. Perform,ng Orgoni zalian Caoe IMPACT LOADING TSC/DTS-73 r-:;--:-7""~:----------------------------------------------------~ 8. P .rformi ng Orgoni zation Repo,' No. 7. Author'.) / D.R. Ahlbeck _pOT-~SC-FRA-85-5 9. P .,forming_ O,gani &a'ion Nom. and Addr.ss 10. Worlo Unit No, (TRAIS) Batelle Columbus Laboratories RR6l9/R6654 505 King Avenue 11. -
The Evolution of the Steam Locomotive, 1803 to 1898 (1899)
> g s J> ° "^ Q as : F7 lA-dh-**^) THE EVOLUTION OF THE STEAM LOCOMOTIVE (1803 to 1898.) BY Q. A. SEKON, Editor of the "Railway Magazine" and "Hallway Year Book, Author of "A History of the Great Western Railway," *•., 4*. SECOND EDITION (Enlarged). £on&on THE RAILWAY PUBLISHING CO., Ltd., 79 and 80, Temple Chambers, Temple Avenue, E.C. 1899. T3 in PKEFACE TO SECOND EDITION. When, ten days ago, the first copy of the " Evolution of the Steam Locomotive" was ready for sale, I did not expect to be called upon to write a preface for a new edition before 240 hours had expired. The author cannot but be gratified to know that the whole of the extremely large first edition was exhausted practically upon publication, and since many would-be readers are still unsupplied, the demand for another edition is pressing. Under these circumstances but slight modifications have been made in the original text, although additional particulars and illustrations have been inserted in the new edition. The new matter relates to the locomotives of the North Staffordshire, London., Tilbury, and Southend, Great Western, and London and North Western Railways. I sincerely thank the many correspondents who, in the few days that have elapsed since the publication: of the "Evolution of the , Steam Locomotive," have so readily assured me of - their hearty appreciation of the book. rj .;! G. A. SEKON. -! January, 1899. PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. In connection with the marvellous growth of our railway system there is nothing of so paramount importance and interest as the evolution of the locomotive steam engine. -
RED RAVEN, the LINKED-BOGIE PROTOTYPE Ara Mekhtarian, Joseph Horvath, C.T. Lin Department of Mechanical Engineering, California
RED RAVEN, THE LINKED-BOGIE PROTOTYPE Ara Mekhtarian, Joseph Horvath, C.T. Lin Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Northridge California, USA Abstract RedRAVEN is a pioneered autonomous robot utilizing the innovative Linked-Bogie dynamic frame, which minimizes platform tilt and movement, and improves traction while maintaining all the vehicle’s wheels in contact with uneven surfaces at all times. Its unique platform design makes the robot extremely maneuverable since it allows the vehicle’s horizontal center of gravity to line up with the center of its differential-drive axle. Where conventional differential-drive vehicles use one or more caster wheels either in front or in the rear of the driving axle to balance the vehicle’s platform, the Linked-Bogie design utilizes caster wheels both in the front and in the rear of the driving axle. Without using any springs or shock absorbers, the dynamic frame allows for compensation of uneven surfaces by allowing each wheel to move independently. The compact and lightweight ground vehicle also features a driving-wheel neutralizing mechanism, a rigid aluminum frame, and a translucent polycarbonate weatherproofing shell. INTRODUCTION 1. Horizontal Center of Gravity Red RAVEN, the grand award (HCG) winner of the 2011 Intelligent Ground Vehicle (IGV) Competition, is mechanically Unless a differential drive vehicle designed to navigate through an autonomous can balance the weight of its platform on the course fast and efficiently. The Cal State two driving wheels similar to a Segway, an Northridge IGV Team designed the vehicle additional and floating or caster wheel is with the innovative Linked-Bogie dynamic required to support the platform weight. -
Trains Galore
Neil Thomas Forrester Hugo Marsh Shuttleworth (Director) (Director) (Director) Trains Galore 15th & 16th December at 10:00 Special Auction Services Plenty Close Off Hambridge Road NEWBURY RG14 5RL Telephone: 01635 580595 Email: [email protected] Bob Leggett Graham Bilbe Dominic Foster www.specialauctionservices.com Toys, Trains & Trains Toys & Trains Figures Due to the nature of the items in this auction, buyers must satisfy themselves concerning their authenticity prior to bidding and returns will not be accepted, subject to our Terms and Conditions. Additional images are available on request. If you are happy with our service, please write a Google review Buyers Premium with SAS & SAS LIVE: 20% plus Value Added Tax making a total of 24% of the Hammer Price the-saleroom.com Premium: 25% plus Value Added Tax making a total of 30% of the Hammer Price 7. Graham Farish and Peco N Gauge 13. Fleischmann N Gauge Prussian Train N Gauge Goods Wagons and Coaches, three cased Sets, two boxed sets 7881 comprising 7377 T16 Graham Farish coaches in Southern Railway steam locomotive with five small coaches and Livery 0633/0623 (2) and a Graham Farish SR 7883 comprising G4 steam locomotive with brake van, together with Peco goods wagons tender and five freight wagons, both of the private owner wagons and SR all cased (24), KPEV, G-E, boxes G (2) Day 1 Tuesday 15th December at 10:00 G-E, Cases F (28) £60-80 Day 1 Tuesday 15th December at 10:00 £60-80 14. Fleischmann N Gauge Prussian Train Sets, two boxed sets 7882 comprising T9 8177 steam locomotive and five coaches and 7884 comprising G8 5353 steam locomotive with tender and six goods wagons, G-E, Boxes F (2) £60-80 1. -
Modeling China's — and Now Iowa's — Mighty QJ 2-10-2'S
February 2007, Volume 75, Number 9 Modeling China’s — and now Iowa’s — mighty QJ 2-10-2’s After being replaced by diesels in their home country of China, a few of these modern, heavy-duty steamers have found their way to the American Heartland / Robert D. Turner ntil the end of 2005 one last place remained on Earth where big steam locomotives in substantial numbers were running in regular freight and passenger service on a year- round basis. That place was northern China, and in particular the autonomous region U of Inner Mongolia, to the northwest of Beijing. There, on the JiTong Railway, (often written Ji-tong) a stable of rugged 2-10-2’s—coal-fired and fire breathing—were still racking up ton- miles every day in an uncompromising display of first-class railroading. These impressive machines were China’s QJ class locomotives. QJ is short for Qian Jin, or “Advancing.” It comes from the Chinese revolutionary slogan, “revolution is the locomotive pushing human history forward.” Revolutionary rhetoric aside, which I am sure loses something in the translation, it is fair to say that in years to come the QJ will be remembered as one of the most interesting and important types of steam locomotives developed in the 20th century. In fact, two now reside in North America, having been imported by Railroad Development Corporation in June of 2006. They were moved to the Iowa Interstate Railroad soon after their arrival and were operated on its rails over the weekend of September 14-17, 2006. I met my first QJ early in 2001 on China Rail just before they were retired, and then began to explore the JiTong Railway, where QJ’s were in abundance. -
The Niagara Story Thomas R
The Making Of A Legend- The Niagara Story Thomas R. Get:bracht Part I diameter from 25" on the J1, to 22.5", and they in Introduction creased the stroke from 28" to 29" to take maximum In 1945, the Equipment Engineering Department of advantage of the expansive properties of higher pressure the New York Central Railroad developed and Alco exe steam. This reduction of 16 percent in cylinder swept cuted a locomotive design which had a marked impact volume was offset by a 22 percent increase in boiler pres on the steam locomotives to follow, and on the tradi sure, to 275 psi. Main engine starting tractive effort was tional measurements by which motive power would be about the same, at 43,440 lbs. for the J3, but at the same evaluated. This locomotive was so significant that its cutoffs the J3 would be more economical in the use of performance is still discussed by the men who design steam than the Jl. Weight per driving axle increased, and run locomotives. The locomotive was the New York due in part to the use of one piece engine beds and roller Central class S1 4-8-4 Niagara. bearing axles on the J3's. (Later J1's also were provided There have been a number of articles pertaining to by Alco with one piece engine beds.) The weight per this locomotive in the technical and railfan press. The driving axle of the J3 Hudsons was 65,300 lbs. compared purpose of this series is to supplement these various ar with the 60,670 lbs. -
15Th May 2017
£1.00 15th May 2017 Station Studio, 6 Summerleys Road, Princes Risborough, Bucks, HP27 9DT Tel: 01844 345158 Fax: 01844 274352 Email: [email protected] Web: www.grsuk.com Narrow Gauge Electric Locomotive Kits Prototype Locomotive kits Manufactured by GRS for both 45mm and 32mm gauges Tasmanian K class Beyer-Garratt 0-4-0+0-4-0 The first two Beyer-Garratt’s to be designed and built in Manchester in 1909 for the North -East Dundas Tramway line in Tasmania. They were unique amongst Garratts in being of the Compound type, a system not recommended by their designer, and having cylinders mounted at the inboard end of the power bogies. At the end of it’s service life, in 1947, K1 was repatriated to Gorton works where it was preserved until Beyer-Peacock closed the works in 1965. Now owned by the Ffestiniog railway and returned to service after an extensive restoration in 2004, K1 can now be seen at work on the Welsh Highland line. The kit is designed to be easy to build and comprises largely of a cast resin superstructure complemented by brass etches, sitting on top of two powered chassis of steel frames and brass stretchers which screw together with the addition of steel and Nickel-Silver valve gear. Length 512mm, Width 110mm, Height 175mm CMR250 K1 Beyer-Garratt loco kit 45mm Gauge CMR251 K1 Beyer-Garratt loco kit 32mm Gauge Campbeltown & Machrianish 0-6-2T Locomotive Andrew Barclay produced two of these locos in 1906/07 for the tourist passenger traffic on the remote Kintyre Peninsula railway. -
For Precise Evaluation of Wheel-Rail Contact Mechanics and Dynamics [Doctoral Thesis]", in Mechanical Engineering
Accurate Wheel-rail Dynamic Measurement using a Scaled Roller Rig Karan Kothari Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science In Mechanical Engineering Mehdi Ahmadian, Chair Steve C Southward Reza Mirzaeifar June 19, 2018 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: scaled roller rig, dynamic measurements, wheel-rail contact, traction forces, angle of attack, third-body layer, wheel wear Accurate Wheel-rail Dynamic Measurement using a Scaled Roller Rig Karan Kothari Abstract (academic) The primary purpose of this study is to perform accurate dynamic measurements on a scaled roller rig designed and constructed by Virginia Tech and the Federal Railroad Administration (VT-FRA Roller Rig). The study also aims at determining the effect of naturally generated third-body layer deposits (because of the wear of the wheel and/or roller) on creep or traction forces. The wheel- rail contact forces, also referred to as traction forces, are critical for all aspects of rail dynamics. These forces are quite complex and they have been the subject of several decades of research, both in experiments and modeling. The primary intent of the VT-FRA Roller Rig is to provide an experimental environment for more accurate testing and evaluation of some of the models currently in existence, as well as evaluate new hypothesis and theories that cannot be verified on other roller rigs available worldwide. The Rig consists of a wheel and roller in a vertical configuration that allows for closely replicating the boundary conditions of railroad wheel-rail contact via actively controlling all the wheel-rail interface degrees of freedom: angle of attack, cant angle, normal load and lateral displacement, including flanging. -
Locomotive Engine Driving
.UMWr '• .;.'.«.• .•.^•>.riiMfe|il^^^SHfr^ Pi 1 •iri^ p Eli I ^' . •-'• -*L - ,'5't.-- > / A* ,' Ss.^> ' rX t.*V **: '-^- ', i.4:. 4. •* 'j.jsefe' A v\ (aj o X \\ ."'eS' ^. ^>; .-'--^^ Loiid0n:Crost7-Iidfekwoo<i&C? ZSratioDers HaHCoiirt. LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE DRIVING A PRACTICAL MANUAL FOR ENGINEERS IN CHARGE OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES By MICHAEL EEYKOLDS MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF EXOIXEERS, FOUMERLY LOCOMOTIVE INSPECTOR LONDON, BRIGHTON, AND SODTH COAST RAILWAY EIGHTH EDITION COMPRISING, BESIDES OTHER ADDITIONAL MATTER A KEY TO THE LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE SSEith nttmcrotts lUustratimts gpiol];u. LONDON CROSBY LOCKWOOD AND SON 7, STATIONERS' HALL COURT, LTJDGATE HILL 1888 \_All rights reserved'] 1 J :i TO THE ENGINEMEN AND FIREMEN OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES THEOUGHOUT THE UNITED KINGDOM THIS WOEK IS AS A TRIBUTE OF EEGARD AND RESPECT BY THEIR SERVANT THE AUTHOB rrxv^^ PEEFACE. I AM ambitious to extend and improve the social condition of locomotive drivers by placing within their reach a standard test of capacity that will be unaffected by local or temporary prejudices, fancies, fashions, or accidental connections. It appears to me that our enginemen of to-day will be to those of the next century what " Puffing Billy " in 1825 is to the " Monarch of Speed " in 1877. I hold a very strong opinion that our enginemen may be stripped of old habits and customs by self-help and self-reliance, and developed into a high state of efficiency. In carrying out such a measure of progress, difficulties, no doubt, which usually attend the work of reformation, will crop up ; and many disappointments await the pioneer. The engine is ahead of the engineman—all the hard scheming, comparatively speaking, is done ; but the engineman remains where he was in George Stephenson's time, and his stationary condi- tion jars with his surroundings. -
ELECTRIC DOUBLE-DECKER MULTIPLE UNIT KISS Aeroexpress, Russia
ELECTRIC DOUBLE-DECKER MULTIPLE UNIT KISS Aeroexpress, Russia In May 2013, Russian rail company Aeroexpress ordered 11 KISS electric double-decker multiple units from Stadler. These included 9 six-car and 2 four-car trainsets. The trains, named «Eurasia» by Aeroexpress, are used on the three lines between Moscow city centre and the airports. With the purchase of the new trains, Aeroexpress meets the fast-growing demands for public transport capacity and offers its passengers new standards in comfort. The four-car versions have 396 seats, while the six-car models have 700, of which 84 are in business class. They fulfil the Russian standards and, at the same time, set new standards for commuter traffic in Russia. Air conditioning in the passenger compartments and drivers‘ cabs is adapted to the tough climatic conditions in Russia. The design of the interior is bright and passenger-friendly. A modern passenger information system provides travellers with relevant information. www.stadlerrail.com Stadler Rail Group CJSC Stadler Minsk Ernst-Stadler-Strasse 1 Zavodskaja Street 47 CH-9565 Bussnang 222750 Fanipol Phone +41 71 626 21 20 Dzerhzhinsk District [email protected] Region of Minsk Phone +375 17 16 22 410 [email protected] Technical features Vehicle data Technology – Lightweight car bodies in integral aluminium design in line with Customer Aeroexpress the latest standards for crashworthiness (EN 15227) and car Lines serviced Moscow airport link body strength (EN 12663) – Vehicle body made of extruded aluminium sections -
The Making of a Legend the Niagara Story Thomas R
The Making of a Legend The Niagara Story Thomas R. Gerbracht (Continued from 3rd Quarter 1988 issue) Part VII "Central Headlight;• used sprays of water in the cylin Steam Locomotive Horsepower - ders of the engine on stationary tests to closely approxi Description and Measurement mate the volume of steam delivery to the exhaust nozzle There are more variables in the measurement of steam which would occur in full capacity, over-the-road testing. locomotive horsepower than in diesel or electric horse In this way the smokebox design and its ability to draft power. In the steam era, the railroads who supported the the boiler could be improved. Up to this time, the smoke most comprehensive test programs to measure steam lo box proportions, the size of the table plate and the ex comotive performance, including horsepower, were the haust nozzle, their shapes and their relation to one Pennsylvania Railroad and the New York Central.73 another were largely guesswork. The first locomotives to Other railroads such as C&O, N&W, and Santa Fe ran benefit from these tests were the NYC Hudsons. There is dynamometer car tests, but the PRR and NYC were in no indication that any other railroad utilized this knowl the forefront of steam locomotive development and their edge. For example, reference is made by Ralph Johnson efforts exceeded those of Alco, Baldwin and Lima. that the front ends of the first two PRR T-l's had to be All of the railroads which tested steam power used modified after they were placed in service to enable them to steam properly.77 different techniques, and it is therefore difficult to com pare maximum drawbar ratings of different steam loco C) Flue Size and Effect on Performance motives.