GOG Manual S6 Steam Locos
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Part 3 Section 6 Steam Locomotive Chassis May 2008 6 Steam Locomotive Chassis Introduction and spacers can become distorted during assembly. A model locomotive usually consists of two basic To avoid banana shaped frames, initially fit the items, the body and the chassis that transports it. frame spacers, one to the left-hand frame and one This section is a compilation of the processes to the right-hand frame, as shown in Figure 6-1. recommended when constructing a locomotive This will distribute the heat during soldering, as it chassis in order to ensure better running. is the unequal expansion that creates the These notes are based on the use of chassis parts distortion. that are assembled from etched or profile milled Where frames are joined with turned spacers, components, though the same methods can be tightening the fixing screws into the spacers will often distort the frames. This is especially true if applied equally to scratch built parts. It should be countersunk screws are used. The countersink noted that there are many different methods of head gives a wedging action that pushes the constructing chassis, and the final choice will frames around. To avoid this, substitute cheese- depend on the builder's inclinations, skills, and head screws and ensure that the holes in the ability and willingness to purchase special jigs and frames have a good clearance around the screw. tools. These notes cannot reflect all of the various If there is a matching countersink in the frames methods employed by different modellers, but do provided, either substitute left to right to put it on endeavour to emphasise tried and tested methods the inside or, if there are features that prevent this, that do not require high levels of expertise or then blind the countersink with a washer under extensive workshop resources, and that, properly the screw head. Gently tighten the screws checking applied, allow good chassis to be constructed. all the time that the frames remain vertical and straight. Once this is done solder up the frame 6.1 Initial assembly spacers and discard the screws. The holes on the Most model underframes rarely conform to the true outside can later be filled with Milliput. profiles of prototype frames. The top edge is often Note that because the turned frame spacers have reduced to a straight line that conforms to the edge a large thermal mass, a different technique is of the running or footplate (the true top edge of the required. Solder both ends of the first spacer at underframe often being reproduced on the running once to the frames. Let that spacer cool, and then plate at the correct width rather than the often solder the next, and so on. narrow frame width of the model). This is an If a split chassis pickup is to be used, the frames advantage to accurate construction as it provides a must be electrically isolated from each other. This datum from which to assess the trueness of the requires spacers in Tufnol or plastic blocks. These frames as the frames can be placed with these will be screwed to the frames or bonded using edges on a flat surface. epoxy or cyanoacrylate adhesives, or initially Underframes constructed from etched frames screwed to achieve the correct location, then Straight edge Square Figure 6-1 Frame spacers fitted to alternate sides to avoid distortion. Check regularly with square and straight edge using a flat surface as a datum during assembly. Compiled by R. Alderman 3-6-1 Figure 6-2 Bearing bushes and hornguides. The compression spring is required to hold the hornguides in position. bonded. Where screw fixing is used, the same remarks concerning countersink heads apply. 6.2 Bearing installation There are two types of bearing in common use, plain bushes and hornguide systems. The former are used in totally rigid frames or in conjunction with the latter for a compensated chassis. A sprung chassis requires an all-hornguide system. Both types are illustrated in Figure 6-2. 6.2.1 Plain bearings Figure 6-3 Marking the position for soldering. These usually take the form of 'top-hat' bearings and it is important that the bearing head seats few thou' concentrically with a broach, refit the firmly against the frames. To ensure this, break the bush and axle and, sighting along the square edge of the hole in the frames by gently running a again, move the bush in the appropriate direction drill about three times the hole diameter against to get the axle square (Figure 6-3). Mark the the hole to remove the corner. Spinning it in the required position by striking a line across the bush fingers is sufficient. This will enable the head to head and frame. Use either a fine felt tip pen or a seat firmly against the frame. The small radius scriber. If the hole has not been enlarged between the head of the bush and the body outside sufficiently then take off a few more thou' from the diameter sits in the chamfer created by the drill. hole. Once the bush is correctly positioned, solder it Before securing the bush, check that the axle in place. running in it is square in two planes to the frames. Having established the position of the first axle, Using a small engineer's square, sight the blade the coupling rods can be used to position the against an axle fitted in the bushes. As the square remaining bushes. Alignment jigs with jury axles, cannot be placed directly against the axle, hold the such as supplied for assembling hornguides (Figure parts up against the light and sight the blade 6-4), can be used for this. In this way you will against the axle, rotating the whole so that a ensure that the axle holes are to the same pitch as diminishing gap between the blade and the axle the crank pins. Alternatively, chassis alignment can be seen. It is possible to spot any taper in the jigs are now available from the trade, and provide gap if the axle is not square to the frames. Correct a ready method of assembling and aligning a the position of the bush that is considered to be out chassis. Some modellers dispense with jigs entirely of position. and check the axle spacing on both sides of the Do not try to elongate the hole, just enlarge it a chassis using vernier callipers. 3-6-2 Part 3 Section 6 Steam Locomotive Chassis May 2008 6.2.2 Bearings in hornguides In some respects these are easier to get right than plain bearings due to the movement in them. It is necessary to ensure that the two hornblocks supporting each axle are correctly aligned to each other across the frames. Set up the first pair of hornguides with either a jury axle or an alignment tool. A set of compression springs that fit over the jury axles and push the hornguides and bearing assembly onto the frames Photo 6.1 A 7mm chassis showing the springs are ideal for this (Figure 6-2). The hornguides can holding the hornguides in position. be juggled around, sighting the axle against the square until they are positioned accurately. Then, depending on the type of hornguides used, either solder or glue them in place. The same applies when using a chassis assembly jig. The remaining hornguides can then be positioned using the coupling rods as guides (Figure 6-4 and Photo 6.1) or by using one of the chassis alignment jigs that are available from the trade. A compensated chassis is simply a combination of the two systems and is treated in the same way but combining the methods. Always start by fitting the plain bearings. Figure 6-5 Tool for easing the bore of a bush. may be mechanised by fitting the wet and dry into a slot in a short length of brass tube and the whole rotated briskly in a modelling drill. Beware the brass dust and particles of abrasive that can fly out. Eye protection is essential for this operation. Some modellers prefer to polish the axle down using wet and dry paper, rather than enlarge the bearings. In such a case, some means is required to rotate the axle as the abrasive is applied. A problem with hornblocks is that, with time, they will wear, which results in a loss of wheel Figure 6-4 Jury axles used to locate hornguides. positioning. (The same happened on the prototype.) Not only is this important for smooth running, but Once the bearings have been fitted, the wheelsets it can cause problems with some prototypes where should be fitted and the free rolling or otherwise wheels are very close to motion brackets and brake should be checked. If all is well the chassis should gear, because this may result in electrical shorts. roll down a short length of track with one end lifted Whether this becomes a problem will depend on an inch or so. If there is a degree of “stiction” then how intensively the model is run. Another option, the bearings should be opened out by a few thou’. where the chassis is compensated, is to mount the 3 bearings directly into the compensation beams. If Most standard axles are /16 in. diameter, and reamers to suit are unlikely to remove any the compensation beams were perfectly rigid, this material as the bearing bores are already to size. It would mean that the bearing bores on opposite is possible to purchase reamers larger than the sides of the chassis remain parallel to one another basic size.