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Densification De L'ads-B Dans La Fir D'antananarivo

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Densification De L'ads-B Dans La Fir D'antananarivo N° d’ordre : 030-16/M2/TCO Année Universitaire : 2015 / 2016 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ---------------------- ECOLE SUPERIEURE POLYTECHNIQUE ----------------------- DEPARTEMENT TELECOMMUNICATION MEMOIRE en vue de l’obtention du DIPLOME de Master Titre : Ingénieur Domaine : Sciences de l’Ingénieur Mention : Télécommunication Parcours : Ingénierie des Réseaux et Systèmes par : ABDOURAMANE ATTOU BOUNOU Nafissa DENSIFICATION DE L’ADS-B DANS LA FIR D’ANTANANARIVO Soutenu le 13 Janvier 2017, devant la Commission d’Examen composée de : Président : M. RAKOTOMALALA Mamy Alain Examinateurs : M. Boto J.E ANDRIANANDRASANA M. RANDRIAMITANTSOA Andry Auguste M. ANDRIAMANALINA Ando Directeur de mémoire : M. RAKOTONDRAINA Tahina Ezéchiel Encadreur professionnel : M. RAFANAMBINANTSOA Valohery REMERCIEMENTS Avant tout, je loue DIEU TOUT PUISSANT, pour toute la grâce, la force, la santé, le temps et tous les bienfaits qu’il m’accorde. C’est par ta grâce Seigneur que j’ai mené à bien mes années d’études à l’Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique d’Antananarivo, et à terme ce mémoire. Gloire à toi mon Dieu. J’exprime également ma profonde gratitude à : Monsieur ANDRIANAHARISON Yvon, Professeur Titulaire, Directeur de l’Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique d’Antananarivo, qui m’a donné l’opportunité de suivre la formation d’ingéniorat au sein de cette école. Monsieur RAKOTOMALALA Mamy Alain, Maître de conférences, Chef de Département Télécommunication, qui a daigné présider la soutenance de ce mémoire. Par ailleurs, je tiens à exprimer mes vifs remerciements et toute ma reconnaissance à mes deux directeur et encadreur de mémoire : Monsieur RAKOTONDRAINA Tahina Ezéchiel, Maître de conférences, et Monsieur RAFANAMBINANTSOA Valohery, Master en informatique spécialité Réseau, Ingénieur Réseaux Systèmes Informatiqies (RSI) à l’ASECNA, pour leur soutien et leur aide précieuse tout au long de la réalisation du présent travail. Je remercie les membres du jury qui m’ont fait l’honneur d’examiner ce travail et de sacrifier leur temps pour assister à la présentation de ce mémoire, à savoir : Monsieur Boto J.E ANDRIANANDRASANA, Assistant d’enseignement et de recherche Monsieur RANDRIAMITANTSOA Andry Auguste, Maître de conférences Monsieur ANDRIAMANALINA Ando, Maître de conférences Mes remerciements s’adressent aussi aux membres du corps professoral, ainsi que du corps administratif de l’ESPA, pour la valeur de la formation qui m’a été dispensée durant les années d’études passées au sein de cette école. J’aimerais également remercier toute l’équipe RSI de la Représentation de l’ASECNA à Madagascar de m’avoir accueilli dans leur loco, et permis d’effectuer mon stage. Je présente mes sentiments de reconnaissance les plus profonds à mes parents qui m’ont toujours apporté leur soutien moral et financier tout au long de mes études. Un grand merci à tous les autres membres de ma famille, mes amis, et tous ceux qui de près ou de loin ont contribué à la réalisation de ce travail. Merci à Tous et que le Ciel vous rende mille fois ce que vous m’avez offert ! Je dédie ce mémoire à mon très cher père Mr ATTOUBOUNOU Abdouramane. i TABLE DES MATIERES REMERCIEMENTS .............................................................................................................................. i TABLE DES MATIERES .................................................................................................................... ii ABREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION GENERALE ...........................................................................................................1 CHAPITRE 1 : GENERALITES SUR LES MOYENS DE SURVEILLANCE AERONAUTIQUE .................................................................................................................................3 RADARS .......................................................................................................................................3 Radar primaire ...................................................................................................................... 3 Radar secondaire .................................................................................................................. 9 ADS ou Automatic Dependent Surveillance ............................................................................13 Définition OACI .................................................................................................................. 13 Eléments constitutifs de l’ADS ........................................................................................... 14 Teneur des comptes rendus ADS ........................................................................................ 19 ADS-C ................................................................................................................................. 20 ADS-B ................................................................................................................................. 24 Tableau comparatif entre l’ADS-B et l’ADS-C ................................................................. 31 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................32 CHAPITRE 2 : ANALYSE DE L’EXISTANT ..................................................................................33 Topologie générale et nationale du réseau ...............................................................................33 Interconnexions nationales et internationales .........................................................................35 Routage .......................................................................................................................................37 Les différents moyens de surveillance existants dans la FIR d’Antananarivo .....................38 Topologie des moyens de surveillance existants dans la FIR Tana .................................. 38 Radar mode S ...................................................................................................................... 38 Station ADS-B Diego .......................................................................................................... 39 ADS-C ................................................................................................................................. 43 Le système TOPSKY ........................................................................................................... 44 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................46 CHAPITRE 3 : SUPPORTS DE TRANSMISSION .........................................................................47 Support VSAT ............................................................................................................................47 ii Satellites .............................................................................................................................. 47 Technologie VSAT .............................................................................................................. 51 Support Internet .........................................................................................................................54 3.2.1 Définition ………………………………………………………………………………… 54 3.2.2 Protocole BGP …………………………………………………………………………… 54 3.2.3 ADSL …………………………………………………………………………………….. 55 Routage multicast .......................................................................................................................56 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 56 Présentation du routage multicast ..................................................................................... 56 Adressage multicast ............................................................................................................ 57 Protocoles ............................................................................................................................ 59 Variantes de PIM .......................................................................................................................64 PIM-Sparse Dense Mode .................................................................................................... 64 Bi-directional PIM et le PIM-SSM .................................................................................... 64 VPN (Virtual Private Network) ................................................................................................65 Principe de fonctionnement ................................................................................................ 65 Les différents types de VPN ................................................................................................ 66 Les contraintes d'un VPN ................................................................................................... 68 Protocoles utilisés pour réaliser une connexion VPN .............................................................69 Rappels sur PPP.................................................................................................................. 69 Protocole PPTP ................................................................................................................... 71 Protocole L2TP ..................................................................................................................
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