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An Elementary Approach Towards Satellite Communication AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WRITERS Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co. Publications: 06/2021 APRIL-2021 Publisher Certificate No: 36934 E-ISBN: 978-605-7594-89-1 Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co. Publications All kinds of publication rights of this scientific book belong to GÜVEN PLUS GROUP CONSULTANCY INC. CO. PUBLICATIONS. Without the written permission of the publisher, the whole or part of the book cannot be printed, broadcast, reproduced or distributed electronically, mechanically or by photocopying. 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PUBLICATIONS® Kayaşehir Neighborhood Evliya Çelebi Street Emlakkonut Başakşehir Houses 1/A D Block Floor 4 Number 29 Başakşehir İstanbul - Turkey Phone: +902128014061- 62 Fax: +902128014063 Mobile: +9053331447861 BOOK / MAGAZINE / CONGRESS LICENSEE GÜVEN PLUS GROUP CONSULTANCY INC. CO. PUBLICATIONS® Kayaşehir Neighborhood Evliya Çelebi Street Emlakkonut Başakşehir Houses 1/A D Block Floor 4 Number 29 Başakşehir İstanbul - Turkey Phone: +902128014061-62-63 - +905331447861 info@ guvenplus.com.tr, www.guvenplus.com.tr CONTENTS FOREWORD ................................................................................................. 11 UNIT I SATELLITE ORBITS ..................................................................................... 15 1.2. Satelliteappliations ...................................................................................................................... 32 1.2.1. Radio and TV Broadcast ........................................................................................................ 32 1.2.2. Military Satellites ..................................................................................................................... 32 1.2.3. Navigation Satellites ................................................................................................................ 32 1.2.4. Global Telephone .................................................................................................................... 33 1.2.5. Connecting Remote Areas ..................................................................................................... 33 1.2.6. Global Mobile Communication ............................................................................................ 33 1.3. Kepler’s Laws ............................................................................................................................... 35 1.3.1. Kepler’s Law Introduction ...................................................................................................... 35 1.3.2. Kepler’s First Law .................................................................................................................... 36 1.3.3. Kepler’s Second Law ................................................................................................................ 36 1.3.4. Kepler’s Third Law ................................................................................................................... 37 1.4. NEWTON’S LAW ...................................................................................................................... 37 1.4.1. Newton’s First Law .................................................................................................................. 37 1.4.2. Newton’s Second Law.............................................................................................................. 38 1.4.3. Newton’s Third Law................................................................................................................. 38 1.5. Orbital Parameters ..................................................................................................................... 38 1.6. Orbital Perturbations ................................................................................................................. 41 1.6.1. Effects of Non-Spherical Earth .............................................................................................. 41 1.6.2. Atmospheric Drag ................................................................................................................... 41 1.7. Station Keeping ........................................................................................................................... 42 1.8. Geo Stationary and Non Geo-Stationary Orbits .................................................................... 46 1.8.1. Geo Stationary ......................................................................................................................... 46 1.8.2. Non Geo-Stationary Orbit ..................................................................................................... 49 1.9. Look Angle Determination ....................................................................................................... 50 1.10. Limits of Visibility .................................................................................................................... 51 1.11. Satellite Eclipses ........................................................................................................................ 51 1.12. Sub Satellite Point ..................................................................................................................... 54 3 1.13. Sun Transit Outage ................................................................................................................... 54 1.14. Launching Procedures ............................................................................................................. 55 1.14.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 55 1.14.2. Orbit Transfer ........................................................................................................................ 56 1.15. Launch Vehicles and Propulsion ............................................................................................ 57 1.15.1. Transfer Orbit ........................................................................................................................ 67 1.16. Rocket launch ........................................................................................................................... 81 UNIT II SPACE SEGMENT and SATELLITE LINK DESIGN .................................... 82 2.1. Spacecraft Technology .............................................................................................................. 82 2.2. The Power Supply ......................................................................................................................
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