DOCSLIB.ORG

Space in Central and Eastern Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Space in Central and Eastern Europe EU 4+ SPACE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE EUROPEAN SPACE ENDEAVOUR Report 5, September 2007 Charlotte Mathieu, ESPI European Space Policy Institute Report 5, September 2007 1 Short Title: ESPI Report 5, September 2007 Editor, Publisher: ESPI European Space Policy Institute A-1030 Vienna, Schwarzenbergplatz 6 Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel.: +43 1 718 11 18 - 0 Fax - 99 Copyright: ESPI, September 2007 This report was funded, in part, through a contract with the EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA). Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “source: ESPI Report 5, September 2007. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. Price: 11,00 EUR Printed by ESA/ESTEC Compilation, Layout and Design: M. A. Jakob/ESPI and Panthera.cc Report 5, September 2007 2 EU 4+ Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 5 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………7 Part I - The New EU Member States Introduction................................................................................................... 9 1. What is really at stake for Europe? ....................................................... 10 1.1. The European space community could benefit from a further cooperation with the ECS ................................................................. 10 1.2. However, their economic weight remains small in the European landscape and they still suffer from organisatorial and funding issues .... 11 1.2.1. Economic weight of the ECS in Europe ........................................... 11 1.2.2. Reality of their impact on competition ............................................ 11 1.2.3. Foreign policy issues ................................................................... 12 1.2.4. Internal challenges ..................................................................... 12 1.3. But the ECS have gained significant political weight through their EU membership ........................................................... 14 2. The ECS and Space ............................................................................... 15 2.1. The role of space in the ECS: Space as a tool for development .............. 15 2.2. The role of the ECS in the European space activities ............................ 15 2.3. The vicious circles of the development of the ECS’ space activities ......... 16 2.4. The development of space-based applications in the NMS ..................... 16 2.5. The need for an external impetus ..................................................... 17 2.6. The timing is crucial ........................................................................ 19 3. The question of ESA membership ......................................................... 21 3.1. The relationships between ESA and the ECS ....................................... 21 3.1.1. Cooperation Agreements and PRODEX ........................................... 21 3.1.2. The Plan for European Cooperating States (PECS) ........................... 21 3.1.3. The PECS experience and the options for the way forward ................ 22 3.2. Benefits and costs of the ESA Membership ......................................... 23 3.3. Challenges to the ESA membership ................................................... 24 3.3.1. For the ECS ............................................................................... 24 3.3.2. For ESA and its Member States ..................................................... 25 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................. 26 Appendices Part I Appendix A Fact Sheet on the Czech Republic………………………………………………… 28 Fact Sheet on Hungary ………………………………………………………………… 30 Fact Sheet on Poland………………………………………………………………………32 Fact Sheet on Romania……………………………………………………………………34 Appendix B Space Activities and their Environment in the… Czech Republic…………………………………………………………………………………37 Hungary……………………………………………………………………………………………49 Poland……………………………………………………………………………………………… 61 Romania……………………………………………………………………………………………72 European Space Policy Institute Report 5, September 2007 3 Part II – Ukraine Introduction .............................................................................................. 82 1. Ukraine today – The political and economic context ............................. 83 1.1. The Ukrainian economy ................................................................... 83 1.2. The Ukrainian political situation ........................................................ 84 1.3. Ukraine and the West...................................................................... 85 2. Strengths and weaknesses of the Ukrainian space sector .................... 86 2.1. Ukraine’s space potential inherited from the Soviet era ........................ 86 2.1.1. A tremendous expertise gained during the Soviet times ................ 86 2.1.2. And important space capabilities in heritage ................................ 86 2.1.3. However Ukraine was left in a difficult situation ........................... 86 2.2. The transition towards a space nation................................................ 86 2.2.1. Space in the independent Ukraine ............................................. 87 2.2.2. The conversion from military to civil-oriented space activities ........ 87 2.2.3. The transition from mass production to low-volume production ...... 87 2.2.4. Ukraine managed to remain a major space nation ........................ 87 2.3. Ukraine’s competitive advantage ...................................................... 88 2.3.1. The low production costs in Ukraine ........................................... 88 2.3.2. But for how long? .................................................................... 88 2.4. Political and institutional issues ........................................................ 89 2.4.1. Political issues ........................................................................ 89 2.4.2. The role of the National Space Agency ....................................... 90 2.4.3. Limits to its independence ........................................................ 90 2.5. Challenges to the development of space activities ............................... 90 2.5.1. Adaptation to market principles ................................................. 90 2.5.2. Insufficient intellectual property protection ................................. 90 2.5.3. Adaptation to Western technical standards .................................. 90 2.5.4. Limited benefits to citizens ....................................................... 90 2.5.5. The interdependence with Russia ............................................... 91 3. The future of space activities in Ukraine ............................................... 92 3.1. The main challenges ....................................................................... 92 3.1.1. Funding ................................................................................. 92 3.1.2. Human resources .................................................................... 92 3.1.3. The need for new projects ........................................................ 92 3.2. Options ......................................................................................... 92 3.2.1. An independent Ukrainian space industry ................................... 933 3.2.2. Development of large-scale cooperation with new partners ........... 93 3.2.3. Continuing the cooperation with Russia ...................................... 93 4. Cooperation with Europe - Opportunities and challenges ..................... 94 4.1. Rationales for cooperation ............................................................... 94 4.2. Challenges to Europe-Ukraine cooperation ......................................... 94 4.2.1. Different definitions of cooperation ............................................ 94 4.2.2. Lack of transparency and long-term vision .................................. 94 4.2.3. Will Ukraine’s competitive advantage last? .................................. 94 4.2.4. Language problems ................................................................. 95 4.2.5. The issue of missile proliferation ................................................ 95 4.3. Potential opportunities and mechanisms for cooperation....................... 95 4.3.1. Cooperation supported by the European Union ............................ 95 4.3.2. Participation in EU programmes................................................. 95 4.3.3. Participation in ESA programmes ............................................... 95 4.3.4. Participation in the joint EU/ESA programmes ............................. 96 Conclusions – Recommendations ................................................................. 97 Appendices Part II Appendix A Fact Sheet on Ukraine…………………………………………………………………… 99 Appendix B Space Activities and their Environment in Ukraine………………………102 Report 5, September 2007 4 EU 4+ Executive Summary The successive enlargements of the European specificities, reflected in their space Union (EU) have created new opportunities activities. A common approach coordinated and challenges. The Union’s expansion between the European Commission (EC) and towards Central and Eastern Europe ESA towards these four countries would be could be particularly beneficial to Europe simpler but
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shuttle-Mir Rendezvous & [Locking Missions
    / tv -t_ ---Fi>{ NASA-TM-II2692 • _7, w- -_ ° ;: Fourth Report of the Task Force on the Shuttle-Mir Rendezvous & [locking Missions March 1, 1995 A Task Force of the NASA Advisory Council THOMAS P. STAFFORD 1006 Cameron Street Alexandria, VA 22314 March 1, 1995 Dr. Bradford Paxkinson Chairman, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advisory Council National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546-0001 Dear Dr. Parkinson: Enclosed is the fourth report of the NAC Task Force on the Shuttle-Mir Rendezvous and Docking Missions. This report is the culmination of a two and one-half month review of preparations in Russia for the Phase 1A missions (Soyuz TM-21, Mir 18 Main Expedition, and STS-71). Once again the Task Force received tremendous support from many individuals and organizations at NASA. The same applied to our site visits in Russia where we were met with an openness and candor which served to reinforce our confidence in the ultimate success of the upcoming missions. Over the next two months, the Task Force will be focusing its efforts in two areas. The first are the preparations for STS-71, including the status of the Orbiter Docking System and the analysis of data produced by the STS-63 mission. The second area is the NASA and NASA contractor presence in Russia, including the interaction of Phase 1 and Phase 2 personnel, NASA and contractor functions, and the transition from Phase 1 to Phase 2. Sincerely, Thomas P. Stafford CC: NASA/HQ/Code A/Mr. Goldin NASA/HQ/Code A/Gen. Dailey NASA/HQ/Code A/Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Instrument Space-Borne Observations and Validation of the Physical Model of the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Coupling
    Multi-instrument space-borne observations and validation of the physical model of the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Coupling Abstract We propose an investigation of the near-Earth space plasma dynamics and electromagnetic environment by multiparameter analysis from variety of space-based missions and creation of physical model of the coupling between lithosphere, atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere which are linked by the chain of processes initiated by atmospheric boundary layer modification by air pollution (dust aerosols, nuclear disaster) and modification of boundary layer by major natural disasters: earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes/typhoons and volcanoes. Our intention is to find from experimental data and their detailed analysis the key processes in atmosphere, which modify the Earth plasma environment system under various geophysical conditions including natural and anthropogenic disasters. As input for analysis and modeling we will use the data products about atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere from different satellites, including NASA EOS (TERRA, AQUA), NOAA/POES, and ESA/ EUMETSAT (METEOSAT, ENVISAT, SWARM), DEMETER/CNES, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, as well as ground observations of GPS/TEC, ground electromagnetic (EM) fields meteorological monitoring data, geochemistry, etc. Statistical studies that use these data sets individually have already proven the complex nature of the interconnection between lithosphere and atmosphere events and earth space environment through the Global Electric Circuit. Just recently the members of this team came independently to same conclusion that many processes in atmosphere of different origin create the similar variations in the space plasma environment what implies the existence of common physical mechanism of their generation. One of the main drivers for such coupling is the change of the boundary layer conductivity through the air pollution, Ion Induced Nucleation triggered by natural and anthropogenic radioactivity, and mesoscale atmospheric systems such as tropical hurricanes/typhoons.
    [Show full text]
  • Évkönyvbeszámoló 2009
    Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre for Energy Research Progress Report on Research Activities 2012 CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH PROGRESS REPORT 2012 HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH 29-33. KONKOLY THEGE MIKLÓS ÚT 1121 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY PROGRESS REPORT ON RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN 2012 1 CENTRE FOR ENERGY RESEARCH PROGRESS REPORT 2012 Dear Reader, Welcome to the first Progress Report of the Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. From January 1, 2012, the Institute of Isotopes joined the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute in the framework of a major reorganisation of the institute network of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The merging of the two institutes was carried out without substantial difficulties, however, it was a good argument to reconsider their strategies. As far as nuclear energy R&D&I is concerned, the strategy has remained unchanged. It consists of three basic elements, namely to provide the scientific background for the extended safe operation of the Paks NPP units, to participate in the preparation of constructing new nuclear units in Hungary, and to contribute to the international efforts related to the closure of the fuel cycle and the development of the new generation of power reactors. Concentrating human resources and infrastructures to these challenges is the most important duty of the management. Hopefully, the proposed Hungarian national nuclear R&D program will start rather soon and it will decisively influence the activities of the research centre. The establishing of a strong nuclear cooperation among the nuclear research centres of the Visegrád 4 countries aiming at the construction of a Generation 4 reactor also requires a strong governmental support.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project
    NEDO —IC-00ER01 Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project IVIarch, 2001 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) usted by: Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. 020005064 -9 Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project Entrusted by : Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Prepared on : March, 2001 Study purpose This project has been framed to apply Scrap & Build project of 300MW Electric power plan, to the Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant owned by the JST Dneproenergo in the UKRAINE,. This project is aimed at improving the efficiency of aged facilities of the plant; enhancing its environment-friendliness; and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. NEDO-IC —00ER01 Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project March, 2001 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Entrusted by: Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Preface This Report is a result of the survey of the Feasibility Study of Pridneprovskaya Thermal Power Plant Reconstruction Project, which Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. received consignment of New Energy Development and Industrial Technology Organization (NEDO) to conduct this study. In December 1997, the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP3) was held in Kyoto. At the conference, the "Kyoto Protocol" was adopted in order to prevent global warming caused by greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide. It commits developed countries to reduce their average emissions of greenhouse gases by at least 5% "in the period 2008 - 15" from the 1990 level. Japan set its target of reduction at 6%. The Kyoto Protocol also provides measures to give flexibility in attaining the goals: "Joint Implementation (JI)" and "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)." In JI, greenhouse gas reductions are shared among developed countries through implementation of specific international projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 103/Thursday, May 28, 2020
    32256 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 103 / Thursday, May 28, 2020 / Proposed Rules FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS closes-headquarters-open-window-and- presentation of data or arguments COMMISSION changes-hand-delivery-policy. already reflected in the presenter’s 7. During the time the Commission’s written comments, memoranda, or other 47 CFR Part 1 building is closed to the general public filings in the proceeding, the presenter [MD Docket Nos. 19–105; MD Docket Nos. and until further notice, if more than may provide citations to such data or 20–105; FCC 20–64; FRS 16780] one docket or rulemaking number arguments in his or her prior comments, appears in the caption of a proceeding, memoranda, or other filings (specifying Assessment and Collection of paper filers need not submit two the relevant page and/or paragraph Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2020. additional copies for each additional numbers where such data or arguments docket or rulemaking number; an can be found) in lieu of summarizing AGENCY: Federal Communications original and one copy are sufficient. them in the memorandum. Documents Commission. For detailed instructions for shown or given to Commission staff ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. submitting comments and additional during ex parte meetings are deemed to be written ex parte presentations and SUMMARY: In this document, the Federal information on the rulemaking process, must be filed consistent with section Communications Commission see the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 1.1206(b) of the Commission’s rules. In (Commission) seeks comment on several section of this document. proceedings governed by section 1.49(f) proposals that will impact FY 2020 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: of the Commission’s rules or for which regulatory fees.
    [Show full text]
  • The Space-Based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)
    WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing For more information, please contact: System in 2010 (GOS-2010) World Meteorological Organization 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland www.wmo.int WMO Space Programme Office Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 85 19 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 84 74 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/ WMO-TD No. 1513 WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010) WMO/TD-No. 1513 2010 © World Meteorological Organization, 2010 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate these publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0)22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Fax: +41 (0)22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] FOREWORD The launching of the world's first artificial satellite on 4 October 1957 ushered a new era of unprecedented scientific and technological achievements. And it was indeed a fortunate coincidence that the ninth session of the WMO Executive Committee – known today as the WMO Executive Council (EC) – was in progress precisely at this moment, for the EC members were very quick to realize that satellite technology held the promise to expand the volume of meteorological data and to fill the notable gaps where land-based observations were not readily available.
    [Show full text]
  • Presentation Slides
    Zoltán Zboray Hungarian Space Office Ministry of National Development Introduction Introduction Publications about the Hungarian Space Industry, 2014-2016 Milestones from the history of the Hungarian space related activites 1946: The Moon-Radar Experiment, the beginning of Hungarian space activities 10-part coulometer for the Zoltán BAY addition of reflected signals physicist (1900-1992) Artwork for the Moon-Radar The antenna (6x8 m²) of the Moon-Radar Experiment Experiment on the memorial Tungsram Research Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary tablet placed at Bay’s house of birth in Gyula, Hungary Milestones from the history of the Hungarian space related activites 1967: Hungary joined the Intercosmos program Sputnik-1, 1957.10.04 SAS (Signal Analyser and Sampler) plasma wave Intersputnik Space experiment, ELTE Space „Agreement on Cooperation in the Exploration Communications Base, Research Group, 1989 and Use of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes” Taliándörögd, Hungary, 1977 Milestones from the history of the Hungarian space related activites 26.05.1980: The first Hungarian spaceflight Astronauts Bertalan FARKAS (HU) and Valerij Three generations of the KUBASOV (USSR), ready for launch onboard the Astronauts Bertalan Farkas (Hungary), Sally Ride and Jim Voss (United States) performing measurements with the „Pille” dosimeter, KFKI Soyuz-36 within the framework of Intercosmos Atomic Energy Research Hungarian „Pille” dosimeter program Institution Milestones from the history of the Hungarian space related activites 2004: Hungarian space industry
    [Show full text]
  • Zhuk Outcover.Indd
    The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Sergei I. Zhuk Number 1906 Popular Culture, Identity, and Soviet Youth in Dniepropetrovsk, 1959–84 The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Number 1906 Sergei I. Zhuk Popular Culture, Identity, and Soviet Youth in Dniepropetrovsk, 1959–84 Sergei I. Zhuk is Associate Professor of Russian and East European History at Ball State University. His paper is part of a new research project, “The West in the ‘Closed City’: Cultural Consumption, Identities, and Ideology of Late Socialism in Soviet Ukraine, 1964–84.” Formerly a Professor of American History at Dniepropetrovsk University in Ukraine, he completed his doctorate degree in Russian History at the Johns Hopkins University in 2002 and recently published Russia’s Lost Reformation: Peasants, Millennialism, and Radical Sects in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830–1917 (2004). No. 1906, June 2008 © 2008 by The Center for Russian and East European Studies, a program of the University Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh ISSN 0889-275X Image from cover: Rock performance by Dniepriane near the main building of Dniepropetrovsk University, August 31, 1980. Photograph taken by author. The Carl Beck Papers Editors: William Chase, Bob Donnorummo, Ronald H. Linden Managing Editor: Eileen O’Malley Editorial Assistant: Vera Dorosh Sebulsky Submissions to The Carl Beck Papers are welcome. Manuscripts must be in English, double-spaced throughout, and between 40 and 90 pages in length. Acceptance is based on anonymous review. Mail submissions to: Editor, The Carl Beck Papers, Center for Russian and East European Studies, 4400 Wesley W. Posvar Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260.
    [Show full text]
  • Dnepr-1 Launch Vehicle Compatibility; And
    DNEPR This User’s Guide contains technical data, the use of which is mandatory for: evaluation of spacecraft/Dnepr-1 launch vehicle compatibility; and preparation of all technical and operational documentation regarding a spacecraft launch on Dnepr-1 launch vehicle. All questions on the issues associated with the operation of the Dnepr Space Launch System that were not addressed in this User’s Guide should be sent to the address below: P.O. Box 7, Moscow, 123022, Russian Federation Tel.: (+7 095) 745 7258 Fax: (+7 095) 232 3485 E-mail: [email protected] Current information relating to the Dnepr Space Launch System, activities of International Space Company Kosmotras, performed and planned launches of Dnepr launch vehicle can be found on ISC Kosmotras web-site: http://www.kosmotras.ru Issue 2, November 2001 Issue 2, November 2001 2 Document Change Record Issue Number Description Date Approved Issue 2 Dnepr SLS User’s Guide, completely November 2001 Stanislav I. Us, revised Designer General, Dnepr Program Issue 2, November 2001 3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 10 2. International Space Company Kosmotras 12 2.1 ISC Kosmotras Permits and Authorities 12 2.2 Dnepr Program Management. Dnepr Team and Responsibilities 12 3. Purpose, Composition and Principal Characteristics of Dnepr Space Launch 15 System 4. Dnepr-1 Launch Vehicle 17 4.1 General Description 17 4.2 Spacecraft Injection Accuracy 22 4.3 Launch Vehicle Axes Definition 22 4.4 Space Head Module 24 4.4.1 Space Head Module Design 24 4.4.2 Payload Envelope 26 4.5 Launch Vehicle Flight Reliability 30 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Security in Space the Next Generation UNITED NATIONS UNITED
    UNIDIR Security in Space: The Next Generation “Security in Space: The Next Generation” is the seventh annual conference held by the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research on the issues of space security, the peaceful uses of outer space and the prevention of an arms race in outer space. This conference looked at ways to build trust in space activities in the future as well as how THE SIMONS to move from confrontation to cooperation as a way to increase space security and improve FOUNDATION access to outer space for peaceful activities. Participants and presenters discussed the need for new international legal instruments, with specific reference to the Chinese–Russian SECURE WORLD FOUNDATION proposal for a Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects. Conference Report 2008 UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT UNIDIR UNIDIRRESEARCH Security in Space The Next Generation UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS Designed and printed by the Publishing Service, United Nations, Geneva GE.08-02341 — November 2008 — 3,000 — UNIDIR/2008/14 United Nations Publication Conference Report Sales No. GV.E.08.0.3 ISBN 978-92-9045-192-1 31 March –1 April 2008 UNIDIR/2008/14 Security in Space: The Next Generation Conference Report 31 March–1 April 2008 UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva, Switzerland New York and Geneva, 2008 About the cover Cover photograph courtesy of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
    ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 1 January–April 2019 CONTENTS SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 1 Focus .................................................................................................................... 1 Europe ................................................................................................................... 4 11TH European Space Policy Conference ......................................................................... 4 EU programmatic roadmap: towards a comprehensive Regulation of the European Space Programme 4 EDA GOVSATCOM GSC demo project ............................................................................. 5 Programme Advancements: Copernicus, Galileo, ExoMars ................................................... 5 European Space Agency: partnerships continue to flourish................................................... 6 Renewed support for European space SMEs and training ..................................................... 7 UK Space Agency leverages COMPASS project for international cooperation .............................. 7 France multiplies international cooperation .................................................................... 7 Italy’s PRISMA pride ................................................................................................ 8 Establishment of the Portuguese Space Agency: Data is King ................................................ 8 Belgium and Luxembourg
    [Show full text]
  • The European Launchers Between Commerce and Geopolitics
    The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Report 56 March 2016 Marco Aliberti Matteo Tugnoli Short title: ESPI Report 56 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in March 2016 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 56; March 2016. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 56 2 March 2016 The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 10 1.1 Access to Space at the Nexus of Commerce and Geopolitics 10 1.2 Objectives of the Report 12 1.3 Methodology and Structure 12 2. Access to Space in Europe 14 2.1 European Launchers: from Political Autonomy to Market Dominance 14 2.1.1 The Quest for European Independent Access to Space 14 2.1.3 European Launchers: the Current Family 16 2.1.3 The Working System: Launcher Strategy, Development and Exploitation 19 2.2 Preparing for the Future: the 2014 ESA Ministerial Council 22 2.2.1 The Path to the Ministerial 22 2.2.2 A Look at Europe’s Future Launchers and Infrastructure 26 2.2.3 A Revolution in Governance 30 3.
    [Show full text]