DOCSLIB.ORG

Classification of Geosynchronous Objects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Classification of Geosynchronous Objects esoc European Space Operations Centre Robert-Bosch-Strasse 5 D-64293 Darmstadt Germany T +49 (0)6151 900 www.esa.int CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Produced with the DISCOS Database Prepared by ESA’s Space Debris Office Reference GEN-DB-LOG-00211-OPS-GR Issue 20 Revision 0 Date of Issue 28 May 2018 Status Issued Document Type Technical Note Distribution ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Limited Distribution European Space Agency Agence spatiale europeenne´ Abstract This is a status report on geosynchronous objects as of 1 January 2018. Based on orbital data in ESA’s DISCOS database and on orbital data provided by KIAM the situation near the geostationary ring is analysed. From 1523 objects for which orbital data are available (of which 0 are outdated, i.e. the last available state dates back to 180 or more days before the reference date), 519 are actively controlled, 795 are drifting above, below or through GEO, 189 are in a libration orbit and 19 are in a highly inclined orbit. For 1 object the status could not be determined. Furthermore, there are 59 uncontrolled objects without orbital data (of which 54 have not been cata- logued). Thus the total number of known objects in the geostationary region is 1582. If you detect any error or if you have any comment or question please contact: Stijn Lemmens European Space Agency European Space Operations Center Space Debris Office (OPS-GR) Robert-Bosch-Str. 5 64293 Darmstadt, Germany Tel.: +49-6151-902634 E-mail: [email protected] Page 1 / 187 European Space Agency CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Agence spatiale europeenne´ Date 28 May 2018 Issue 20 Rev 0 Table of contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Sources 4 2.1 USSTRATCOM Two-Line Elements (TLEs) . 4 2.2 Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics (KIAM) . 4 2.3 JSC Vimpel Space Data . 7 3 List of Geosynchronous Objects 8 4 Objects with Ephemeris 41 4.1 Satellites under Longitude and Inclination Control (E-W and N-S Control) . 43 4.2 Satellites under Longitude Control (only E-W Control) . 68 4.3 Satellites in a Controlled Drift Orbit . 78 4.4 Objects in a Drift Orbit . 79 4.5 Objects in a Libration Orbit around the Eastern Stable Point . 133 4.6 Objects in a Libration Orbit around the Western Stable Point . 142 4.7 Objects in a Libration Orbit around both Stable Points . 146 4.8 Objects in Highly Inclined Orbits . 154 4.9 Objects of Indeterminate Status . 156 5 Objects without Ephemeris 157 5.1 Catalogued Objects . 157 5.2 Uncatalogued Objects . 157 6 Figures 159 7 Summary 167 8 Acknowledgements 168 Page 2 / 187 European Space Agency CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Agence spatiale europeenne´ Date 28 May 2018 Issue 20 Rev 0 1 Introduction All objects that are catalogued in ESA’s DISCOS Database (Database and Information System Character- ising Objects in Space) and residing at the reference date within one of the orbital classes GEO, IGO and EGO (see table 1 for the class definitions) are listed in this document. The main purpose is to classify all the objects residing in the first two orbital classes according to different categories (top level: controlled, drifting and librating). Table 1: Orbital classes defined by a combination of inclination i [deg], semi-major axis a [km], eccentric- ity e, perigee height hp [km] and apogee height ha [km]. As they are non-exclusive, orbits are assigned according to the order given here. Additionally, the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) GEO protected region [1] defined by latitude f [deg] and altitude h [km] is given. Orbit Description Definition GEO Geostationary Orbit i 2 [0, 25] hp 2 [35586, 35986] ha 2 [35586, 35986] IGO Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit i 2 [25, 180] a 2 [37948, 46380] e 2 [0, 0.25] EGO Extended Geostationary Orbit i 2 [0, 25] a 2 [37948, 46380] e 2 [0, 0.25] GEOIADC IADC GEO Protected Region f 2 [−15, 15] h 2 [35586, 35986] The document is structured as follows: Section 2 describes the sources being used to compile this report and section 3 gives an overview of all the catalogued objects. Detailed information about the objects is given in section 4 and 5 for objects where orbital data is available and where no orbital data is avail- able respectively. Figures are presented in section 6 to visualize the data and section 7 summarises the findings. Page 3 / 187 European Space Agency CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Agence spatiale europeenne´ Date 28 May 2018 Issue 20 Rev 0 2 Sources Subsequently, each source contributing to this report is presented. From these sources, the report ex- hibits the categorisation of objects based on observed orbital patterns. Nine different classifications are distinguished: C1 objects under longitude and inclination control (E-W as well as N-S control) – the longitude is nearly constant and the inclination is generally less than 0.3 degrees (however control at larger angles within one year is accepted as well), C2 objects under longitude control (only E-W control) – the longitude is nearly constant but the inclination is generaly greater than 0.3 degrees, C4 objects maintaining a drift orbit near or inside GEOIADC, D objects in a drift orbit, L1 objects in a libration orbit around the Eastern stable point (longitude 75 degrees East), L2 objects in a libration orbit around the Western stable point (longitude 105 degrees West), L3 objects in a libration orbit around both stable points, I objects in highly inclined orbits with inclination greater than 25.0 degrees, Ind objects of indeterminate status. 2.1 USSTRATCOM Two-Line Elements (TLEs) The basic source of information are the USSTRATCOM Two-Line Elements (TLEs). The DISCOS Database [2] is updated at regular intervals by ESOC’s Space Debris Office with this source. The ac- curacy of TLE is limited. At the geostationary altitude, TLE are provided on a regular basis, and are mainly for objects larger than about 1 meter in size. TLE for smaller objects are provided rather spo- radically. It should be noted that also some of the derived parameters like libration period and libration amplitude may in some cases be subject to a limited accuracy. For further information about the method of classification please refer to Classification of Geostationary Objects [3]. The frame in which the mean orbital elements are expressed for objects from this source is the true equator, mean equinox (TEME) frame. The catalogue number is given as the source id (S-ID). 2.2 Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics (KIAM) This source provides orbital data derived from ground-based optical observations. Data are provided only for objects for which no USSTRATCOM TLEs are published. Orbits given in this report are pro- duced from measurements obtained in 2017 and prepared by Vladimir Agapov, Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics, Moscow (KIAM). They are a joint product of the wide cooperation of organiza- tions including: Page 4 / 187 European Space Agency CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Agence spatiale europeenne´ Date 28 May 2018 Issue 20 Rev 0 • Center on collection, processing and analysis of information on space debris at the Keldysh Insti- tute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KIAM RAS, Moscow, Russia), • International scientific observation facilities network (ISON) coordinated by KIAM RAS and other observatories operated by Russian scientific and industry organizations: – Ussuriysk Astrophysical Observatory of the Far East branch of the RAS (Gornotayozhnoye, Primorsky Krai, Russia), – Zvenigorod observatory of the Astronomy Institute of the RAS (INASAN) (Moscow oblast, Russia), – Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (Nauchny), – Ulugbek Astronomical Observatory (Kitab facilitiy, Qashqadaryo Province, Uzbekistan), – Observation facilities operated by the ”Astronomical Scientific Center”, JSC: ∗ Artem (Primorsky Krai, Russia), ∗ Blagoveshchensk (Amur region, Russia), ∗ Kislovodsk observatory (Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya Republic, Russia), ∗ Lesosibirsk (Krasnoyarsky Krai, Russia), ∗ Elizovo (Kamchatka Krai, Russia), ∗ La Serena (Chile), – Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory of the Armenian Academy of Sciences (Byurakan, Ar- menia), – Andrushivka Observatory (Zhytomyrs’ka oblast, Ukraine), – National observatory of Bolivia (Tarija, Bolivia), – Sayan Solar Observatory of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian branch of the RAS (Mondy, Republic of Buryatia, Russia), – Observation facility of the PGU (Tiraspol), – Odessa State University Astronomical Observatory (Mayaki, Odes’ka oblast, Ukraine), – Derenovka observation facility of Laboratory of space researches, Uzhhorod National Uni- versity (Zakarpats’ka oblast, Ukraine), – Chuguyev observation facility of the Astronomy scientific and research institute of Kharkov national university (Kharkiv’ska oblast, Ukraine), – Cosala´ observation facility of the The Autonomous University of Sinaloa (Universidad Autonoma´ de Sinaloa, UAS, Mexico), – Khureltogoot observatory of the The Research Centre of Astronomy and Geophysics of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences – Observatory ”Peak Terskol” of the International Center for Astronomical, Medical and Eco- logical Research (Kabardino-Balkaria Republic, Russia), – E.Kharadze Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory of Ilia State University (Abastumani, Adigeni District, Georgia), – Mul’ta observation facility (Altai Republic, Russia), – Observatory of Altai State Pedagogical University (Barnaul, Altaisky Krai, Russia), – Observation facility of El Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias F´ısico Matematicas´ de la Universidad Autonoma´ de Nuevo Leon´ (UANL, Mexico).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Electric Propulsion for Station Keeping and Electric Orbit Raising on Eutelsat Platforms
    Electric Propulsion for Station Keeping and Electric Orbit Raising on Eutelsat Platforms 2015-b/IEPC-97 Presented at Joint Conference of 30th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science 34th International Electric Propulsion Conference and 6th Nano-satellite Symposium, Hyogo-Kobe, Japan July 4 – 10, 2015 C. Casaregola1 Eutelsat, Paris, 75015, France Abstract: With a fleet of 34 geostationary satellites and more than 30 years of service from space, Eutelsat is today Europe’s most long-standing satellite operator and one of the world’s leading satellite operators. The first two platforms using Electric Propulsion procured are SESAT-1 (EUTELSAT 16C) and KA-SAT, for which Electric Propulsion is limited to on-station operations. The successful demonstration of sustained capability of Electric Propulsion for these two platforms in addition to the extensive flight heritage with no significant anomalies demonstrated in the last decades on both commercial and scientific platforms, prove the high level of maturity reached by Electric Propulsion systems. Based on that and due to new attractive launch options, one full-electric platform - EUTELSAT 115 West B – has been procured and launched in March 2015. The launch of EUTELSAT 115 West B is a key milestone for telecom platforms as it makes Eutelsat the first Operator to use Electric Propulsion for a complete electric orbit raising. Two additional platforms – EUTELSAT 117 West B and EUTELSAT 172 B - are under procurement and will perform complete electric orbit raising as well. An overview of Eutelsat platforms using Electric Propulsion for station keeping and electric orbit raising is given in the paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aerospace Update
    The Aerospace Update Dec. 28, 2017 Top 2017 Space Images Video Credit: NASA SpaceX Concludes 2017 With Fourth Iridium Next launch SpaceX closed out its most successful year to date Dec. 22nd with the launch of 10 satellites for mobile satellite services operator Iridium, notching a personal best of 18 launches in a single year. The Falcon 9 mission, which took off from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California at 8:27 p.m. Eastern in an instantaneous launch window, was the fourth of eight missions for Iridium, carrying the McLean, Virginia- based operator’s second generation satellites, called Iridium Next. In what now is considered a rarity, SpaceX opted not to recover the rocket’s first stage, instead letting the booster fall into the Pacific Ocean. Video Credit: SpaceX Source: Caleb Henry @ SpaceNews.com Zenit Rocket Launches AngoSat-1 but Ground Control Loses Contact A Russian-Ukrainian Zenit rocket was launched on Tuesday, December 26th, with the aim of delivering into orbit Angola’s first satellite, known as AngoSat-1. However, it appears that contact with the spacecraft was lost after its deployment into orbit. The booster lifted off from Site 45/1 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Tuesday’s launch marked the first Zenit flight in more than two years when it orbited the Elektro-L № 2 weather satellite for Roscosmos. The rocket returned to flight despite fears that the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which started in 2014, would kill any joint efforts between these two countries. Video courtesy of SciNews Source: Tomasz Nowakowski @ SpaceFlightInsider.com Land Imaging Satellite Launched for Chinese Military A land imaging satellite soared to a 300-mile-high perch above Earth Saturday, Dec 23rd after lifting off on top of a Long March 2D rocket from the Jiuquan space base in the Gobi Desert, joining a similar military reconnaissance craft launched earlier this month in the same type of orbit.
    [Show full text]
  • Space in Central and Eastern Europe
    EU 4+ SPACE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE EUROPEAN SPACE ENDEAVOUR Report 5, September 2007 Charlotte Mathieu, ESPI European Space Policy Institute Report 5, September 2007 1 Short Title: ESPI Report 5, September 2007 Editor, Publisher: ESPI European Space Policy Institute A-1030 Vienna, Schwarzenbergplatz 6 Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel.: +43 1 718 11 18 - 0 Fax - 99 Copyright: ESPI, September 2007 This report was funded, in part, through a contract with the EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA). Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “source: ESPI Report 5, September 2007. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. Price: 11,00 EUR Printed by ESA/ESTEC Compilation, Layout and Design: M. A. Jakob/ESPI and Panthera.cc Report 5, September 2007 2 EU 4+ Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 5 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………7 Part I - The New EU Member States Introduction................................................................................................... 9 1. What is really at stake for Europe? ....................................................... 10 1.1. The European space community could benefit from a further cooperation with the ECS ................................................................. 10 1.2. However, their economic weight remains small in the European landscape and they still suffer from organisatorial and funding issues .... 11 1.2.1. Economic weight of the ECS in Europe ........................................... 11 1.2.2. Reality of their impact on competition ............................................ 11 1.2.3. Foreign policy issues ................................................................... 12 1.2.4. Internal challenges ..................................................................... 12 1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Positioning: Drift Orbit and Station Acquisition
    Orbits Supplement GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT PERTURBATIONS INFLUENCE OF ASPHERICITY OF THE EARTH: The gravitational potential of the Earth is no longer µ/r, but varies with longitude. A tangential acceleration is created, depending on the longitudinal location of the satellite, with four points of stable equilibrium: two stable equilibrium points (L 75° E, 105° W) two unstable equilibrium points ( 15° W, 162° E) This tangential acceleration causes a drift of the satellite longitude. Longitudinal drift d'/dt in terms of the longitude about a point of stable equilibrium expresses as: (d/dt)2 - k cos 2 = constant Orbits Supplement GEO PERTURBATIONS (CONT'D) INFLUENCE OF EARTH ASPHERICITY VARIATION IN THE LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION OF A GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE: Orbits Supplement GEO PERTURBATIONS (CONT'D) INFLUENCE OF SUN & MOON ATTRACTION Gravitational attraction by the sun and moon causes the satellite orbital inclination to change with time. The evolution of the inclination vector is mainly a combination of variations: period 13.66 days with 0.0035° amplitude period 182.65 days with 0.023° amplitude long term drift The long term drift is given by: -4 dix/dt = H = (-3.6 sin M) 10 ° /day -4 diy/dt = K = (23.4 +.2.7 cos M) 10 °/day where M is the moon ascending node longitude: M = 12.111 -0.052954 T (T: days from 1/1/1950) 2 2 2 2 cos d = H / (H + K ); i/t = (H + K ) Depending on time within the 18 year period of M d varies from 81.1° to 98.9° i/t varies from 0.75°/year to 0.95°/year Orbits Supplement GEO PERTURBATIONS (CONT'D) INFLUENCE OF SUN RADIATION PRESSURE Due to sun radiation pressure, eccentricity arises: EFFECT OF NON-ZERO ECCENTRICITY L = difference between longitude of geostationary satellite and geosynchronous satellite (24 hour period orbit with e0) With non-zero eccentricity the satellite track undergoes a periodic motion about the subsatellite point at perigee.
    [Show full text]
  • The Space-Based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010)
    WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing For more information, please contact: System in 2010 (GOS-2010) World Meteorological Organization 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland www.wmo.int WMO Space Programme Office Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 85 19 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 84 74 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/sat/ WMO-TD No. 1513 WMO Space Programme SP-7 The Space-based Global Observing System in 2010 (GOS-2010) WMO/TD-No. 1513 2010 © World Meteorological Organization, 2010 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate these publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0)22 730 84 03 P.O. Box No. 2300 Fax: +41 (0)22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] FOREWORD The launching of the world's first artificial satellite on 4 October 1957 ushered a new era of unprecedented scientific and technological achievements. And it was indeed a fortunate coincidence that the ninth session of the WMO Executive Committee – known today as the WMO Executive Council (EC) – was in progress precisely at this moment, for the EC members were very quick to realize that satellite technology held the promise to expand the volume of meteorological data and to fill the notable gaps where land-based observations were not readily available.
    [Show full text]
  • FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION in the Matter Of
    Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of Expanding Flexible Use of the 3.7 GHz to 4.2 GN Docket No. 18-122 GHz Band Eligible Satellite Operator Transition Plans for GN Docket No. 20-173 the 3.7-4.2 GHz Band REVISED TRANSITION PLAN OF EUTELSAT S.A. Pursuant to Section 27.1412(d) of the Commission’s rules,1 Eutelsat S.A. (“Eutelsat”) hereby submits this Revised Transition Plan incorporating updated information and feedback from the Commission staff in describing the process it intends to follow to effect the relocation of its fixed-satellite service customers out of the 3.7-4.0 GHz band in the contiguous United States (“CONUS”), as required by the Commission’s C-band Order in the above-captioned proceeding. Eutelsat has separately filed a Petition for Expedited Reconsideration or Clarification, in which it has requested that the Commission confirm that eligible replacement satellite costs are limited to satellites operating only in the 4.0-4.2 GHz band (and corresponding uplink band) and covering only the CONUS. Eutelsat further requested that the Commission requires each such subsidized satellite to serve the CONUS for the duration of its useful life, and that the Commission specifically clarifies that the costs of spare satellites and “backup” launches are ineligible.2 Eutelsat continues to urge the Commission to act on that Petition, in order to bring greater clarity and consistency to the process under which C-band satellite operators are developing these Transition Plans. 1 47 C.F.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, DC 20554
    Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, DC 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Eutelsat S.A. ) ) File No.: Petition for Declaratory Ruling to ) Call Sign: S2596 Modify the U.S. Market Access Grant ) for EUTELSAT 12 West B ) PETITION FOR DECLARATORY RULING Eutelsat S.A. (“Eutelsat”) pursuant to Section 25.137(f) of the Commission’s Rules, 47 C.F.R. § 25.137(f), hereby seeks to modify the U.S. market access grant of the EUTELSAT 12 West B satellite1 to add the 11.2-11.45 GHz downlink band to its authorization. In this Petition, Eutelsat demonstrates that it is legally, technically, and otherwise qualified to hold the requested authority; that the proposed operations are compliant with applicable Commission rules, regulations, and policies; and that grant of the Petition would serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity. I. INTRODUCTION EUTELSAT 12 West B, a French-licensed satellite currently in orbit at 12.5˚W.L., operates in Ku-band frequencies, providing fixed-satellite service (“FSS”) connectivity to a range of users. The EUTELSAT 12 West B satellite was launched on 25 September 2001 to the 8°W.L. orbital location with an expected lifetime of more than 20 years. The satellite was 1 The satellite was originally included on the Permitted List at 8° W.L. See Petitions for Declaratory Ruling To Add EUTELSAT Satellites ATLANTIC BIRD™ 1 at 12.5° W.L and ATLANTIC BIRD™ 2 at 8° W.L to the Commission’s Permitted Space Station List, Order, File No. SAT-PDR-20010207-00012 (rel. Aug. 30, 2001) (the “Order”); see also FCC Space Station Approval List (available at https://www.fcc.gov/approved-space-station-list).
    [Show full text]
  • Eutelsat S.A. €300,000,000 3.125% Bonds Due 2022 Issue Price: 99.148 Per Cent
    EUTELSAT S.A. €300,000,000 3.125% BONDS DUE 2022 ISSUE PRICE: 99.148 PER CENT The €300,000,000 aggregate principal amount 3.125% per cent. bonds due 10 October 2022 (the Bonds) of Eutelsat S.A. (the Issuer) will be issued outside the Republic of France on 9 October 2012 (the Bond Issue). Each Bond will bear interest on its principal amount at a fixed rate of 3.125 percent. per annum from (and including) 9 October 2012 (the Issue Date) to (but excluding) 10 October 2022, payable in Euro annually in arrears on 10 October in each year and commencing on 10 October 2013, as further described in "Terms and Conditions of the Bonds - Interest"). Unless previously redeemed or purchased and cancelled in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Bonds, the Bonds will be redeemed at their principal amount on 10 October 2022 (the Maturity Date). The Issuer may at its option, and in certain circumstances shall, redeem all (but not part) of the Bonds at par plus any accrued and unpaid interest upon the occurrence of certain tax changes as further described in the section "Terms and Conditions of the Bonds - Redemption and Purchase - Redemption for tax reasons". The Bondholders may under certain conditions request the Issuer to redeem all or part of the Bonds following the occurrence of certain events triggering a downgrading of the Bonds as further described in the Section "Terms and Conditions of the Bonds — Redemption and Purchase - Redemption following a Change of Control". The obligations of the Issuer in respect of principal and interest payable under the Bonds constitute direct, unconditional, unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Issuer and shall at all times rank pari passu among themselves and pari passu with all other present or future direct, unconditional, unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of the Issuer, as further described in "Terms and Conditions of the Bonds - Status".
    [Show full text]
  • Security in Space the Next Generation UNITED NATIONS UNITED
    UNIDIR Security in Space: The Next Generation “Security in Space: The Next Generation” is the seventh annual conference held by the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research on the issues of space security, the peaceful uses of outer space and the prevention of an arms race in outer space. This conference looked at ways to build trust in space activities in the future as well as how THE SIMONS to move from confrontation to cooperation as a way to increase space security and improve FOUNDATION access to outer space for peaceful activities. Participants and presenters discussed the need for new international legal instruments, with specific reference to the Chinese–Russian SECURE WORLD FOUNDATION proposal for a Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects. Conference Report 2008 UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT UNIDIR UNIDIRRESEARCH Security in Space The Next Generation UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS Designed and printed by the Publishing Service, United Nations, Geneva GE.08-02341 — November 2008 — 3,000 — UNIDIR/2008/14 United Nations Publication Conference Report Sales No. GV.E.08.0.3 ISBN 978-92-9045-192-1 31 March –1 April 2008 UNIDIR/2008/14 Security in Space: The Next Generation Conference Report 31 March–1 April 2008 UNIDIR United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Geneva, Switzerland New York and Geneva, 2008 About the cover Cover photograph courtesy of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • EUTELSAT S.A. € 500,000,000 1.125 PER CENT BONDS DUE 23 June 2021 ISSUE PRICE: 99.894 PER CENT
    EUTELSAT S.A. € 500,000,000 1.125 PER CENT BONDS DUE 23 June 2021 ISSUE PRICE: 99.894 PER CENT The €500,000,000 aggregate principal amount 1.125 per cent. bonds due 23 June 2021 (the Bonds, and each a Bond) of Eutelsat S.A. (the Issuer) will be issued outside the Republic of France on 23 June 2016 (the Bond Issue). Each Bond will bear interest on its principal amount at a fixed rate of 1.125 per c ent. per annum from (and including) 23 June 2016 (the Issue Date) to (but excluding) 23 June 2021, payable in Euro annually in arrears on 23 June of each year and commencing on 23 June 2017, as further described in "Terms and Conditions of the Bonds – Interest". Unless previously redeemed or purchased and cancelled in accordance with their terms and conditions, the Bonds will be redeemed at their principal amount on 23 June 2021 (the Maturity Date). The Issuer may, at its option, and in certain circumstances shall, redeem all (but not part) of the Bonds at par plus any accrued and unpaid interest upon the occurrence of certain tax changes as further described in "Terms and Conditions of the Bonds – Redemption and Purchase – Redemption for tax reasons". The Bonds may also be redeemed (i) at the option of the Issuer, in whole or in part, at any time, prior to the Maturity Date, as further described in "Terms and Conditions of the Bonds — Redemption and Purchase — Make Whole Redemption by the Issuer", (ii) at any time prior to the Maturity Date, in whole (but not in part), at par plus accrued interest, if 80 per cent.
    [Show full text]
  • Espinsights the Global Space Activity Monitor
    ESPInsights The Global Space Activity Monitor Issue 2 May–June 2019 CONTENTS FOCUS ..................................................................................................................... 1 European industrial leadership at stake ............................................................................ 1 SPACE POLICY AND PROGRAMMES .................................................................................... 2 EUROPE ................................................................................................................. 2 9th EU-ESA Space Council .......................................................................................... 2 Europe’s Martian ambitions take shape ......................................................................... 2 ESA’s advancements on Planetary Defence Systems ........................................................... 2 ESA prepares for rescuing Humans on Moon .................................................................... 3 ESA’s private partnerships ......................................................................................... 3 ESA’s international cooperation with Japan .................................................................... 3 New EU Parliament, new EU European Space Policy? ......................................................... 3 France reflects on its competitiveness and defence posture in space ...................................... 3 Germany joins consortium to support a European reusable rocket.........................................
    [Show full text]
  • 59864 Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 185/Wednesday, September 23
    59864 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 185 / Wednesday, September 23, 2020 / Rules and Regulations FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS C. Congressional Review Act II. Report and Order COMMISSION 2. The Commission has determined, A. Allocating FTEs 47 CFR Part 1 and the Administrator of the Office of 5. In the FY 2020 NPRM, the Information and Regulatory Affairs, Commission proposed that non-auctions [MD Docket No. 20–105; FCC 20–120; FRS Office of Management and Budget, funded FTEs will be classified as direct 17050] concurs that these rules are non-major only if in one of the four core bureaus, under the Congressional Review Act, 5 i.e., in the Wireline Competition Assessment and Collection of U.S.C. 804(2). The Commission will Bureau, the Wireless Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2020 send a copy of this Report & Order to Telecommunications Bureau, the Media Congress and the Government Bureau, or the International Bureau. The AGENCY: Federal Communications indirect FTEs are from the following Commission. Accountability Office pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A). bureaus and offices: Enforcement ACTION: Final rule. Bureau, Consumer and Governmental 3. In this Report and Order, we adopt Affairs Bureau, Public Safety and SUMMARY: In this document, the a schedule to collect the $339,000,000 Homeland Security Bureau, Chairman Commission revises its Schedule of in congressionally required regulatory and Commissioners’ offices, Office of Regulatory Fees to recover an amount of fees for fiscal year (FY) 2020. The the Managing Director, Office of General $339,000,000 that Congress has required regulatory fees for all payors are due in Counsel, Office of the Inspector General, the Commission to collect for fiscal year September 2020.
    [Show full text]