11th APT Policy and Regulation Forum for Pacific (PRFP-11) & Interconnectivity Workshop 26-30 November 2019, Apia, SAMOA

Workshop Topic ENABLERS FOR A BETTER CONNECTED PACIFIC - New Satellite Technologies and Services (MSS, ESIM and LEOs)

Dr Bob Horton Consultant Satellite Industry ENABLERS FOR A BETTER CONNECTED PACIFIC - New Satellite Technologies and Services (MSS and LEOs)

CONTENTS

• Examples of progress : MSS, ESIM – Inmarsat LEOs – OneWeb • Pacific Needs - understanding and participating in the regional/global environment - the Pacific : a “Collection of Islands” or an “Island Collective”? - opportunities overdue in APAC Inmarsat use of spectrum

L band Ka band User links: 1626.5-1660.5 MHz ↑, 1525-1559 Feeder link ↑ : 27.5 – 30.0 GHz MHz↓ Feeder link↓ : 17.7 – 20.2 GHz Extended L-band: User link ↑ : 29.0 – 30.0 GHz User link↓ : 19.2 – 20.2 GHz User links: 1668-1675 MHz ↑, 1518 MHz-1525 MHz ↓ Used by Inmarsat Global Express satellites S band Used by Inmarsat-4 satellites and Alphasat Feeder link ↑ : 27.5 – 29.5 GHz Feeder link↓ : 17.7 – 19.7 GHz User link ↑ 1980-2010MHz Q/V band User link↓ : 2170-2200MHz C band 37.5-42.5 GHz ↓ Used by Europasat Feeder links for L-band satellites operate in 47.2-50.2 GHz + 50.4-51.4 GHz ↑ the bands 3550 – 3700 MHz and 6425 – - Planned for future satellites to free 6575 MHz through more than 20 Land Earth Stations up Ka-band for user terminals TT&C operated in standard C-band on most - Developmental payload on Alphasat Inmarsat satellites Inmarsat and Extended L-band

Extended L-band will be available for use in the Pacific with the launch of Inmarsat-6 around 2020/2021 – This would require protection measures to be adopted where mobile systems below 1518 MHz are adopted

4 THE CONTINUED GROWTH OF THE SATELLITE INDUSTRY IN KA BAND

2020: >100 GSO • Satellite & 4-5 NGSO • A sustainable systems (civil) • Satellite growth for both • Using Ka-band systems (civil) GSO & NGSO satellite systems (27.5-30.0 GHz) • Using Ka-band 2015: 63 GSO & (27.5-30.0 GHz) Future 2 NGSO

IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN FSS ACCESS TO KA BAND

5 Inmarsat : Importance of 28 GHz band for satellite

• Key uplink band for GEO and non-GEO satellite systems, including HTS systems • 28 GHz band is defined as 27.5-29.5 GHz, globally allocated to the FSS • Already deployed on many operational satellites; about 140 GSO satellites and two NGSO constellations have Ka-band payloads • Uses include: Gateways, Hub uplinks, Feeder links for DTH, Consumer broadband services, ESIMs

6 Satellites operating in Ka-band

1 SES 15 31 SGDC 1 61 Astra 4A 91 GSAT 19 B67 121 QZSS 3 2 Galaxy 23 32 Viasat 2 62 Eutelsat 7A 92 Turksat 4B 122 Cosmos 2526 3 Anik F3 33 Astra 1H 63 Eutelsat 7B 93 Yahlive 123 COMS 1 124 Chinasat 1A 4 Spaceway 1 34 Eutelsat 65 West A 64 Eutelsat KA-SAT 9A 94 Express AM6 125 APSTAR 6C 5 ViaSat 1 35 Telstar 19V 65 Inmarsat 5F4 95 Intelsat 33e 126 QZSS 1 6 Anik F2 36 Amazonas 3 66 Sicral 1B 96 Inmarsat-5F1 127 Express AM5 7 Wildblue 1 37 Amazonas 5 67 Eutelsat 16A 97 Amos 4 128 NBN-Co 1A 8 Echostar 17 38 Inmarsat-5F2 68 Sicral 1A 98 Intelsat 20 129 Kizuna 9 ACTS 39 Intelsat 29E 69 Astra 1L 99 UHF 10 130 NBN-Co 1B 10 AMC 15 40 Intelsat 32e 70 Arabsat 5C 100 GSAT 14 131 Mtsat 2 132 Jcsat 16 11 Spaceway 1 41 Hispasat 36W-1 71 GovSat-1 101 ABS-2 133 DFH 139 102 12 Directv 15 42 Skynet 4F 72 SES 16 DFH 76 134 Optus C1 13 Directv 12 43 Hylas 1 73 Astra 3B 103 Cosmos 2520 135 Superbird B2+B111 14 Directv 10 44 Hylas 4 74 Eutelsat 25B B50 104 Chinasat 1C 136 Superbird B3 15 SDO 45 Hispasat 1F 75 Badr 5 105 TDRS 8 137 JCSat 16 16 Directv 9S 46 Hispasat 1E 76 Badr 7 106 NSS 6 138 Inmarsat-5F3 17 Directv 8 47 XTAR-LANT 77 Astra 2F 107 SES 8 18 Directv 14 48 Nimiq 2 78 Astra 2E 108 Luch 5V 19 Directv 11 49 AlComSat 1 79 Astra 2G 109 Chinasat 2A 20 Spaceway 2 50 Al Yah 3 80 Hylas 2 110 Chinasat 2C 21 Echostar 19 51 Intelsat 37e 81 Astra 5B 111 Asiasat 7 22 Spaceway 3 52 Telstar 12V 82 Skynet 4C 112 Gaofen 4 23 Echostar G1 53 Cosmos 2473 83 Express AMU1 113 DFH 165 24 Galaxy 28 54 Nilesat 201 84 Athena Fidus 114 Chinasat 16 25 Tupac Katari 1 55 Syracuse 3B 85 HellasSat 3 115 Koreasat 5A 26 SES 2 56 Amos 3 86 Turksat 4A 116 Koreasat 5 27 AMC 16 57 Amos 7 87 Nigcomsat 1R 117 Koreasat 7 28 Star One D1 58 Skynet 4E 88 Cosmos 2520 118 ABS-7 29 Nimiq 4 59 Thor 7 89 Syracuse 3A 119 Thaicom 4 7 30 Venesat 1 60 Eutelsat 3B 90 Yahsat 1B 120 Asiasat 9 LEOs

OW overview Majority of the World Does Not Have Access to the Internet

89.3% 54% of the 59.7% 61.0% 65.9% world has 40.0% 39.3% 17.9% 18.7% no internet

Europe Americas CIS Arab States Asia & Africa Developed Developing access Pacific

______Source: ITU - ICT Facts & Figures, 2015; FCC 2015 Broadband Progress Report. (1) International Telecommunication Union, an agency for information and communication technologies within the United Nations (UN).

11/25/2018 9 OneWeb at a Glance Lowest Latency Highest Throughput Smallest High- System Capacity < 50 milliseconds 400 Mbps Down/Beam Performance User 8 Tbps 100 Mbps Up/Beam Terminals 30cm – 65cm

Premium Spectrum Multiple Local Global Constellation Lowest Satellite Cost Ku- and Ka-band Rights Access Options 648 LEO satellites (Initial) < 1M $ / satellite Wi-Fi, LTE, 5G, Ethernet 882 LEO satellites (Full)

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) System Offers Lowest Latency

LEO MEO GEO < 50ms > 135ms > 560ms

Improved performance

11/25/2018 10 OneWeb Constellation • Global coverage • 8 Tbps forward capacity • Les than 50ms latency • Ground network of 40 - 50 gateways around the globe • Up to 900 Satellite constellation • Terminals designs targeting multiple end-user markets • Provide WiFi/3G/LTE/5G connectivity to user devices • Operating user terminals at very high elevation angles • Operating in OneWeb frequencies • User links: Ku-band (10.7-12.75 GHz and 14.0-14.5 GHz) • Gateway: Ka-band (17.7-18.6 GHz, 18.8-20.2 GHz and 27.5-30 GHz) • Operating within ITU EPFD limits to protect GSOs

11/25/2018 11 OneWeb Gateway Overview

 The initial deployment plan has 40 - 50 Indicative Satellite Network Portal Locations Satellite Network Portals (SNPs), which provide coverage for OneWeb’s operational area  Site locations to be synchronized with regulatory considerations  Leverage Hughes ground system design expertise

Not real deployment

11/25/2018 12 PACIFIC CONNECTIVITY NEEDS

UNDERSTANDING AND PARTICIPATING IN THE REGIONAL/GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

A Glimpse into the ITU WRC Cauldron Preliminary GSC observations on WRC-19 items WRC -19 : OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2019 EGYPT 3000 Delegates, 1 month, re-write international regulations Agenda Items (17 in all) / issues covered • 1.5 ESIMs in the FSS Ka band • 1.6 NGSO FSS in Q/V bands • 1.12 Intelligent Transport Systems applications • 1.13 Additional spectrum for IMT • 1.14 Additional spectrum for HAPS • 7 Improvements to satellite procedures • Issue A – Bringing into use of NGSO networks • Issue B – Application of the coordination arc to MSS in Ka-band • Issues E, F & M – Modifications to RR Appendix 30B • Issue K – Further modifications to RR Appendices 30, 30A and 30B • 9.1.7 Unauthorised earth stations • 9.1.9 Additional FSS spectrum in 50 GHz V-band • APT APG-4 Meeting (7-12 January 2019) • CONFERENCE PREPARATORY MEETING (FEB 2019) AI 1.5 ESIMs in the FSS Ka band

Goal: To facilitate the operation of ESIMs in GSO FSS networks in the Ka band

• Genesis: Resolution 158 (WRC-15) • Issue: to consider the use of the frequency bands 17.7-19.7 GHz (space-to-Earth) and 27.5-29.5 GHz (Earth-to-space) by earth stations in motion communicating with geostationary space stations in the fixed-satellite service and take appropriate action. • WRC-15 agreed to new provisions for ESIMs operating in certain FSS allocations within the Ka band (19.7 – 20.2 GHz and 29.5 – 30 GHz). Operation of ESIMs beyond these bands is necessary to meet the increasing demand for broadband mobile satellite communications. • Inmarsat position is protection measures of 60-70 km from shore for M-ESIM, and pfd limits for A-ESIM AI 1.13 Additional spectrum for IMT

Goal: To ensure adequate broadband satellite spectrum for existing and future systems • Genesis: Resolution 238 (WRC-15) • Issue: to consider identification of frequency bands for the future development of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), including possible additional allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis. AI 7, Issue A – Bringing Non-GSO networks into use

Goal: Define a BIU and deployment procedure which brings fairness and provides regulatory certainty to systems under deployment. • There are an increasing number of non-GSO filings and associated plans for deploying non-GSO constellations. • With no specific provisions in the Radio Regulations for the deployment procedure after BIU of non-GSO systems, there is currently a lack of clarity and coherence. AI 9.1, Issue 9.1.7 – Unauthorised Operation of Earth Stations

• Inmarsat and many satellite operators favour NOC PACIFIC CONNECTIVITY NEEDS

UNDERSTANDING AND PARTICIPATING IN THE REGIONAL/GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

The Pacific : a “Collection of Islands” or an “Island Collective”? Need for better Transparency and Circulation of Terminals

Examples : • Ship station radio licences • Aeronautical licensing • Satellite landing rights • Terminal acceptance • Emergency and natural disasters RECENT PROGRESS and POTENTIAL - regional and sub-regional considerations

• Pan-Pacific licensing framework and landing rights • – common approach • Free circulation of satellite terminals • – register • Reprise of PRFP-9 and PRFP-10 discussions

Opportunities overdue in APAC

• Looking ahead to the Meeting of APT Ministers and new Objectives • 25-26 June 2019 Singapore Satellite Communications TRANSFORMING LIVES Thank you