The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2013

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#i#

#ii# Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...... 1 YEAR AT A GLANCE ...... 2 COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION 2013 YEAR IN REVIEW ...... 5 7 ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES ...... 21 3 SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLES ...... 47 33 ON-ORBIT VEHICLES AND PLATFORMS ...... 57 LAUNCH SITES ...... 65 COMMERCIAL VENTURES BEYOND EARTH ORBIT ...... 79 44 REGULATION AND POLICY ...... 83 3 5 3 53 3 8599: : : ;55: 9 < 5; < 2013 COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECASTS ...... 89

4 3 4 : ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... 186 2013 WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH EVENTS ...... 192 DEFINITIONS ...... 196

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LIST OF FIGURES COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION YEAR IN REVIEW = =999 =99 = =3> =:9;> LAUNCH SITES = :< 2013 COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECASTS =944 =4 =?4;9 =99493 =3 =:5= =< =;=9 =95;@3 =A =;=9 A 3 =994?: =9999 ? =54 =359 =:5 3 =<999= ? =99=5 ?3 =;>>99: =99 ? 3 ==9 ? 3: =3 =>3 =?: =3?: =:? :

#iv# LIST OF TABLES COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION YEAR IN REVIEW 99 : 3< :9=99< <99 ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES 99 99 59595 593 SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLES 3 :5933 ON-ORBIT VEHICLES AND PLATFORMS <;9 3 LAUNCH SITES 99 :: : 5: REGULATION AND POLICY 3 9955=: COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECASTS 9955 9949 : 49: 3=A :5=5 < 9949; ;: B99 94;; 9 9 9 9

#v#

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#vi# Introduction

INTRODUCTION

The Commercial Space Transportation Compendium 9C; ;9955EF5 ;C;95>=@

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#1#

#2# Year at a Glance

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#4# COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION 2013 YEAR IN REVIEW This section summarizes U.S. and international orbital launch activities for calendar year 2013. The summary is from a separately released FAA AST report: Commercial Space Transportation: 2013 Year in Review.

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#5#

Cover Art: John Sloan (2014)

Commercial Space Transportation 2013 Year in Review

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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$1,400

$1,200

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$800

$600 US$ Millions

$400 $759 $710

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$0 USA Russia Europe Multinational Figure 2. Estimated 2013 Commercial Launch Revenues

! Commercial Space Transportation 2013 Year in Review

2013 LAUNCH ACTIVITY

WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH ACTIVITY 5;9>>5>>I5>> J>95; >;99E=F =53=;<<99 5;=99;99 >

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Figure 3. 2013 Worldwide Commercial Launch Activity

99 99 Country/Region : 5 7 3 3 I5 J TOTAL 23 58 81 Table 1. 2013 Worldwide Orbital Launch Events

Launching Primary Payload Launch Date Launch Vehicle Country/ Orbit Name Outcome Region MM K < 4 M:M A 44 M

Table 2. 2013 Worldwide Commercial Launch Events

# Commercial Space Transportation 2013 Year in Review

Launches

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Antares Atlas V United States (19) Delta IV

Falcon 9

Minotaur 1

Minotaur V

Pegasus XL

Dnepr

Proton M Russia (32) Rockot

Soyuz 2

Soyuz 2.1v Soyuz U

Zenit 3SLB

Ariane 5 Europe (7) Soyuz 2 Vega

Kuaizhou China (15)

Long March 2

Long March 3

Long March 4 Epsilon Japan (3) H-IIA

H-IIB

India PSLV South Korea

Naro-1 Multinational

Zenit 3SL

Figure 4. 2013 Launch Vehicle Use

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Commercial Space Transportation 2013 Year in Review

U.S. AND FAA-LICENSED ORBITAL LAUNCH AND REENTRY ACTIVITY

FAA-Licensed Orbital Launch Summary EF;9; ;;

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1 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Figure 5 FAA-licensed Orbital Launch Events, 2009-2013

$700

$600

$500

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$200 $398 $408 $440 $307 $100 $100 $0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Figure 6. Estimated Revenue for FAA-licensed Orbital Launch Events, 2009-2013

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& Commercial Space Transportation 2013 Year in Review

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United Launch Alliance 9;5==D =55= D>9; 99=9

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FAA-Licensed Multinational Launches: Sea Launch AG K>5999 54>955994 99;99595 ;

' -- 0/1 0% 3SL 92% Zenit 6,160 23/25 Ocean Platform (13,580) Odyssey 2/2 2/2 v.1.1 4,850 VAFB 100% 100% 13,150 CCAFS, (10,692) (28,991) Falcon 9 -- 1/1 5/5 v1.0 9,000 100% 100% (19,842) Falcon 9 -- V 1/1 1/1 640 100% 100% MARS CCAFS (1,411) Minotaur I 1/1 580 KLC 11/11 100% VAFB, VAFB, (1,279) MARS, (100%) CCAFS, Minotaur -- -- 2/2 2/2 120 4,900 100% 100% MARS Antares (10,780) 1/1 4/4 551 8,900 VAFB 100% 100% 18,814 Atlas V CCAFS, (19,620) (41,478) 1/1 3/3 531 7,475 VAFB 100% 100% 15,575 Atlas V CCAFS, (16,470) (34,337) 1/1 5/5 501 3,775 8,123 VAFB 100% 100% Atlas V (8,320) CCAFS, (17,908) AFB 5/5 401 4,750 9,797 18/18 V 100% 100% Atlas V CCAFS, (10,470) (21,598) Table 4. U.S. and FAA-Licensed Launch Vehicles Active in 2013 Launch Vehicles 4. U.S. and FAA-Licensed Table 1/1 6/7 86% VAFB 100% Heavy 14,420 22,560 Delta IV CCAFS, (31,791) (49,740) 2/2 4/4 (5,4) 7,434 VAFB 100% 100% 13,774 Delta IV CCAFS, (16,389) (30,365) Medium+ 121 5111211121 000 0000210121 -- XL 1/1 8/8 450 1994 2009 2004 2002 2010 2011 2006 2013 2000 2013 2010 2013 1999 (992) VAFB 100% 100% CCAFS, Pegasus Kwajalein, Vehicle 2013 Total 2013 Total Launches 2013 Licensed Launches Launch Reliability (2013) LEO kg (lbs) GTO kg (lbs) Launch Reliability (Last 10 Years) Year Year of First Launch Active Launch Sites

Commercial Space Transportation 2013 Year in Review

FAA Reentry License Summary 5C=5;5;9 >>95= 9E3;F

FAA Suborbital Launch Summary SpaceX Vehicle Dragon 85959: 2013 Total Reentries 1 95C49 2013 =;9559 Licensed 1 Reentries 95 Launch ==H Reliability 1/1 100% =4C555;9 (2013) ;5 =A Reentry Reliability 85959H (Last 10 4/4 100% 55;9 ; Years) Year of First ;455D;; Reentry 2010 =EFDA Reentry 8599 =5; Sites Ocean 5=9=59; Payload to 6,000 =; LEO, kg (lbs) (13,228)

Payload 3,000 ==;59 from LEO, (6,614) @ kg (lbs) Table 5. FAA-Licensed 59C9 Reentry Vehicles Active 95 =; in 2013 ;=554> =955= 9;;9H =N=D=; >8=;95C> 5>9;

Operator Type of FAA Authorization Launch Date Vehicle Armadillo 5 3I 4 5 EF 8599 5 55 95 E

Table 6. FAA 2013 Suborbital License and Permit Flight Summary

1 -- 1/1 2/2 2,300 100% 100% (5,071) 2 2/2 6/6 3,250 4,850 100% 100% (7,165) (10,692) 4 4/4 97% 9,500 38/39 100% 21,000 (20,944) (46,297) 10 9/10 90% 90% 6,920 69/77 23,000 (15,256) (50,706) Baikonur Kourou Kourou Kourou 1 1/1 1/1 1,400 3,000 100% 100% (3,086) (6,614) Plestesk Baikonur, Baikonur, 5 5/5 89% 1,700 17/19 4,850 100% (3,800) (10,692) Plesetsk Baikonur, Baikonur, 2 -- 2/2 6/6 3,700 100% 100% (8,157) Baikonur, Baikonur, Dombarovsky Table 7. Non-U.S. Commercially Available Launch Vehicles Active in 2013 Launch Vehicles Available 7. Non-U.S. Commercially Table -- 4/4 94% 17/18 2,150 100% Russia Russia Russia Russia Russia Europe Europe Europe Rockot Dnepr Soyuz 2 Soyuz 2.1v Proton M Ariane 5 ECA Soyuz 2 Vega (4,740) Plesetsk Baikonur, Baikonur, 2013 Total Launches2013 Total 4 Vehicle Country/Region Launch Reliability (2013) Launch Reliability Years) (Last 10 GTO kg (lbs) GTO Year of First LaunchYear Active Launch Sites 1994 2010 2004 2013 2001 2002 2011 2012 LEO kg (lbs)

! Commercial Space Transportation 2013 Year in Review 1/1 2/2 1,140 1,800 100% 100% Satish (2,513) (3,968) Dhawan 1/1 3/3 2,100 100% 100% Satish (4,630) Dhawan PSLV CAPSLV XL PSLV -- -- 1/1 1/1 1,200 100% 100% (2,646) Epsilon Standard 1/1 3/3 8,000 100% 100% 16,500 (17,600) (36,376) 1/1 95% H-IIA H-IIB 20/21 6,000 100% 10,000 (13,228) (23,046) -- 3/3 Long 21/21 5,100 100% 100% (11,244) March 3B -- 2/2 Long 17/17 1,300 100% 100% (2,866) Jiuquan Xichang Tanegashima Tanegashima Uchinoura March 2D 2/2 95% Long 18/19 1,250 3,850 100% (2,756) (8,488) Xichang Table 7. Non-U.S. Commercially Available Launch Vehicles Active in 2013 (continued) Launch Vehicles Available 7. Non-U.S. Commercially Table Taiyuan, Taiyuan, Jiuquan, March 2C Country/Region Launches2013 Total Launch Reliability (2013) China 2 China 2 China Japan 3 Japan 1 Japan India 1 India 1 1 1 Vehicle Launch Reliability Years) (Last 10 Year of First LaunchYear Active Launch Sites 1975 1992 1996 2001 2009 2013 2009 2012 GTO kg (lbs) GTO LEO kg (lbs)

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ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES

Orbital launch vehicles send payloads into orbit around the Earth or Sun, including LEO, GTO, SSO, and to other destinations. All of the currently offered orbital vehicles in the world are expendable rockets.

An Antares vehicle, manufactured and operated by Orbital Science Corporation, being prepared for launch at Virginia’s Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport.

Image credit: Orbital

#21#

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#22# Orbital Launch Vehicles

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U.S. COMMERCIAL ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES 8855;99 @>=>>>>;9 5EF5;9; >55>5;EF>> ?D>=85 >9D= 99>;55 ;99>> 59>=; ;599

Year of First Total/2013 Active Mass to GTO Mass to LEO Mass to SSO Operator Vehicle Launch Launches Launch Sites kg (lb) kg (lb) kg (lb) :> >3 Antares M 5 E>F E>F > = <3 3 M J?> 5 E>3F E<3F > >: >: M 5 E>33F E>3F >3 >3 5 :F E>F > >::>: >> :>3>< Atlas V M E3>3>F E<>><F E>:>:F > >3> >><< <><:>33: M E>>3F E><3>:3:F E<><<>3F >> 5 D= ? M 5 EF D

Table 1. U.S. Commercial Launch Vehicles

#23#

NON-U.S COMMERCIAL ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES 855;99 @3>A>=>=>=>D>>5> 5>M>KM

Year of Total/2013 Active Mass to GTO Mass to LEO Mass to SSO Operator Vehicle First Launches Launch Sites kg (lb) kg (lb) kg (lb) Launch 4 >3 > > 5 3 : <M: 5 E>F E:>:F D> 4 >3 >3 > 5 A M 5> E<>:3F E>:F E><F D 4 >3 5 = M 5 E>

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Table 2. Non-U.S. Commercial Launch Vehicles

#24# ANTARES Orbital Sciences Corp.

5=;;=> Launch service provider ===9 Orbital Sciences Corp. 99>== 95>9 Company headquarters N=5? USA EF Manufacturer ;;9 Orbital Sciences Corp.

=; 5>; Mass, kg (lb) ;9D=>> 530,000 (1,168,450) ; =5 Length, m (ft) DA=; EAF> 40.5 (132.9) Antares Antares 5?I::= Diameter, m (ft) ;9J9;9 3.9 (12.8) ;;=> >;99EJF ;;55=EF <*= ;==5;9 2013 55;;559E Number of launches ;F9;=8; 2 9> E=9F;= Reliability 5=99 100% 9555= Launch site 5 MARS (Pad 0-A)

;9= 55EF>=C5 LEO capacity, kg (lb) 4,550-5,700 (10,031-12,566) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) Antares Antares = 9.9 (32.5) 3.9 (12.8) 3,350-4,500 (7,385-9,921) 1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Option 3rd Stage Option Bi-Propellant Third Stage designation N/A Castor-30B/30XL STAR-48V Stage (BTS) Length, 25 30B: 4.17 (13.7) 2 1.8 m (ft) (82) 30XL: 5.99 (19.7) (6.6) (5.9) Diameter, 3.9 2.34 1.2 1.7 m (ft) (12.8) (7.7) (3.9) (5.6) Manufacturer KB Yuzhnoye ATK ATK Orbital

Propellant LOX/Kerosene Solid Solid N2O4/UDMH Propellant mass, 30B: 12,887 (28,411) 240,000 (529,109) 2,010 (4,431) -- kg (lb) 30XL: 24,196 (53,343) Total thrust, 3,630 396.3 77.8 -- kN (lbf) (816,000) (89,092) (17,490) Engine(s) 2 x AJ26-62 ------Engine manufacturer Aerojet Rocketdyne -- -- Orbital Engine thrust, 1,815 396.3 77.8 -- Antares Antares kN (lbf) (408,000) (89,092) (17.490) #25# ATLAS V United Launch Alliance

;95;C Launch service provider 85=9EF> United Launch Alliance =3D=5 LMCLS >9;=5 EF> Company headquarters ?95D= USA 9D49 Manufacturer D999D United Launch Alliance 99>= 5;;=;99> Mass, kg (lb) EF 401: 333,731 (734,208) =9=5 551: 568,878 (1,251,532) EF Length, m (ft) Atlas V Atlas V ;99EF 60.6-75.5 (198.7-247.5) M M 5=>55 Diameter, m (ft) M M =5T 3.8 (12.5) DEF=>55> <*= 5;= 2002 =5@3 9;== Number of launches 9;;=9>9 42 9;?D Reliability EA F>99; 100% =9555= Launch sites EF CCAFS (SLC-41) ;9; VAFB (SLC-3E) ;;95 EF5 GTO capacity, kg (lb) 4,750-8,900 (10,472-19,621) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) LEO capacity, kg (lb) AlAtlas V AAtlasl V == 12 (39.4) 4.2 (13.8) 9,370-18,510 (20,657-40,510) 3M3 3M3 8= 12.9 (42.3) 4.2 (13.8) SSO capacity, kg (lb) 3M3 3M3 88= 13.8 (45.3) 4.2 (13.8) 7,724-15,179 (17,029-33,464)

1st Stage SRB* 2nd Stage Option 2nd Stage Option Common Core Single Engine Stage designation Solid Rocket Boosters Dual Engine Centaur Booster Centaur Length, m (ft) 32.5 (106.6) 20 (65.6) 12.7 (41.7) 12.7 (41.7) Diameter, m (ft) 3.8 (12.5) 1.6 (5.2) 3.1 (10.2) 3.1 (10.2) Manufacturer ULA Aerojet Rocketdyne ULA ULA

Propellant LOX/Kerosene Solid LOX/LH2 LOX/LH2 Propellant mass, 284,089 46,697 20,830 20,830 kg (lb) (626,309) (102,949) (45,922) (45,922) Total thrust, kN (lbf) 3,827 (860,309) 1,688 (379,550) 99.2 (22,300) 198.4 (44,600) Engine(s) 1 x RD-180 -- 1 x RL10A-4-2 2 x RL10A-4-2 Engine manufacturer RD AMROSS -- Aerojet Rocketdyne Aerojet Rocketdyne Engine thrust, 3,827 1,688 99.2 99.2 Atlas V Atlas V kN (lbf) (860,309) (379,550) (22,300) (22,300) 3M3 33M33 *Figures are for each booster. #26# DELTA IV United Launch Alliance

;95;C Launch service provider 85=9EF> United Launch Alliance =3==5> Boeing Launch Services 9;=5 EF>?95 Company headquarters D=9D USA 49= Manufacturer 9D99 United Launch Alliance 5 Mass, kg (lb) 95;99 D-IVM: 249,500 (549,559) EF5:9=>; D-IVH: 733,000 (1,615,416) =55=E=55D Length, m (ft) 99F5 62.8-71.6 (206-234.9) =>55>5;= 9 9U Diameter, m (ft) 9;;J4 5 (16.4) E>F :9 <*= ;9; 2002 ;9UE>F;95 Number of launches EF 24 =; Reliability C>9>85 100% =EF>9N;99 Launch sites N CCAFS (SLC-37) 5;;; VAFB (SLC-6) GTO capacity, kg (lb) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) 4,300-14,420 (9,480-31,791) <= 11.7 (38.5) 4 (13) LEO capacity, kg (lb) = 14.3 (47) 5 (16.4) 9,150-22,560 (20,172-49,736) = 19.1 (62.7) 5 (16.4) SSO capacity, kg (lb) 9U 9U E3>F E3>F = 19.8 (65) 5 (16.4) 7,500-21,000 (16,535-46,300) 1st Stage SRB* 2nd Stage Option 2nd Stage Option Common Booster 4-Meter Cryogenic 5-Meter Cryogenic Stage designation GEM-60 Core Upper Stage Upper Stage Length, m (ft) 46.7 (153.2) 15. 8 (52) 10.4 (34) 12.2 (40) Diameter, m (ft) 5 (16.4) 1.6 (5.3) 4 (13.1) 5 (16.4) Manufacturer ULA ATK ULA ULA

Propellant LOX/LH2 Solid LOX/LH2 LOX/LH2 Propellant mass, 199,640 59,520 20,410 27,200 kg (lb) (439,735) (130,944) (45,000) (60,000) Total thrust, kN (lbf) 2,891 (650,000) 1,245.5 (280,000) 110 (24,750) 110 (24,750) Engine(s) 1 x RS-68A -- 1 x RL10B-2 1 x RL10B-2 Engine manufacturer Aerojet Rocketdyne -- Aerojet Rocketdyne Aerojet Rocketdyne Engine thrust, 2,891 1,245.5 110 110 kN (lbf) (650,000) (280,000) (24,750) (24,750) *Figures are for each booster. #27# SpaceX FALCON 9 V1.1

585=E5F>; Launch service provider > ;95 SpaceX EF ==999 Company headquarters 5>=; USA >5? Manufacturer 5==9 SpaceX 5EF><=5= ;=55 CM Mass, kg (lb) =9EF 505,846 (1,155,200) ; =5 Length, m (ft) 5=>=5 68.4 (224.4) =9=>55> Diameter, m (ft) =5;== 3.7 (12) 95C=5> N;=

;; <*= 9 2010 Number of launches 5=; 2 E=F 59>5=> ;= =>== Reliability E;F> 100% ==9;= = Launch sites E;5F CCAFS (SLC-40) = =; VAFB (SLC-3E) 5=

GTO capacity, kg (lb) 4,850 (10,692) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) LEO capacity, kg (lb) = 13.2 (43.3) 5.2 (17.1) 13,150 (28,991)

1st Stage 2nd Stage Stage designation 1st Stage 2nd Stage Length, m (ft) 42.6 (139.8) 12.6 (41.3) Diameter, m (ft) 3.7 (12) 3.7 (12) Manufacturer SpaceX SpaceX Propellant LOX/Kerosene LOX/Kerosene Propellant mass, 411,000 73,400 kg (lb) (906,010) (161,819) Total thrust, 5,885 801 kN (lbf) (1,323,000) (180,000) Engine(s) 9 x Merlin-1D 1 x Merlin-1D Engine manufacturer SpaceX SpaceX Engine thrust, 653.8 801 E;=F kN (lbf) (147,000) (180,000) #28# PEGASUS XL Orbital Sciences Corp.

C=9> Launch service provider 5;;= Orbital Sciences Corp. 99 EF Company headquarters USA ;9 = Manufacturer = 995 Orbital Sciences Corp. ;55=9;J> 9A8 59EF;= Mass, kg (lb) 9E;F5;= > 23,130 (50,993) >=9;J 3>3>9> Length, m (ft) 53= 16.9 (55.4) =>=9 == Diameter, m (ft) 5 1.3 (4.2)

;9D = ; <*= 1994 => :; 9< Number of launches 32 5 =;= Reliability ;=;95 91% EFEF =; Launch sites 9 =;9= Canary Islands, CCAFS, EF Kwajalein, VAFB, WFF

LEO capacity, kg (lb) 450 (992) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 2.1 (6.9) 1.2 (3.9) 325 (717)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage 4th Stage Stage designation Orion-50SXL Orion-50XL Orion-38 HAPS Length, m (ft) 10.27 (33.7) 3.1 (10.2) 1.3 (4.3) 0.7 (2.3) Diameter, m (ft) 1.3 (4.3) 1.3 (4.3) 1 (3.3) 1 (3.3) Manufacturer ATK ATK ATK Orbital Propellant Solid Solid Solid Hydrazine Propellant mass, 15,014 3,925 770 73 kg (lb) (33,105) (8,655) (1,697) (161) Total thrust, 726 196 36 0.6 kN (lbf) (163,247) (44,171) (8,062) (135) 3 x Rocket Engine Engine(s) ------Assemblies Engine manufacturer ------Orbital Engine thrust, 726 196 36 0.2 kN (bf) (163,247) (44,171) (8,062) (45) #29# ? SUPER STRYPI Sandia National Labs

59;;C55 Launch service provider 5EF; >55;9 EF>?D>; Sandia National Laboratory >C9>5= 9D55= Company headquarters 5=;D=9E::5F USA EF9 Manufacturer 99;= =5 49>59; Sandia National Laboratory ;EF>995=9 Aerojet Rocketdyne

= :59?D 5=D955 Mass, kg (lb) 559 = 28,240 (62,260) :>=<= Length, m (ft) 16.8 (55) 55>5 Diameter, m (ft) DJEJF>9D 1.5 (5) = =;9 = EFD= 55 95>> 9>5C555> <*= JD958D>C 2014 Launch site PMRF (Pad 41)

LEO capacity, kg (lb) 320 (705) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 1.5 (5) 1.5 (5) 275 (606)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Stage designation LEO-46 LEO-7 LEO-1 Length, 11.3 2.7 1.5 m (ft) (37) (9) (5) Diameter, 1.5 1.5 1.5 m (ft) (5) (5) (5) Manufacturer Aerojet Rocketdyne Aerojet Rocketdyne Aerojet Rocketdyne Propellant ANB-3745 solid ANB-3790 solid ANB-3790 solid Propellant mass, 20,582 3,232 651 kg (lb) (45,376) (7,125) (1,435) Total thrust, 729.5 TBD TBD kN (lbf) (164,000) Engine thrust, 729.5 TBD TBD kN (lbf) (164,000)

#30# TAURUS Orbital Sciences Corp.

5;;;= Launch service provider 9>>5; Orbital Sciences Corp. 9>= ;=>5 Company headquarters 55;;? USA =EF; Manufacturer >=989;; Orbital Sciences Corp. =;=9 59;9<: Mass, kg (lb) =EF>=9 70,000 (154,324) ;9:5 Length, m (ft) EF=C 24.6 (80.7) =55EF Diameter, m (ft) 2.4 (7.9)

<*= 1994 Number of launches 9 Reliability 67% Launch sites CCAFS (SLC-46) MARS (Pad 0-B) VAFB (SLC-376E)

LEO capacity, kg (lb) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) 1,160 (2,552) = 1.6 (5.2) 2.3 (7.5) SSO capacity, kg (lb) := 2.2 (7.2) 1.6 (5.2) 1,600 (3,520)

4th Stage 4th Stage 1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Option Option Stage designation Castor-120 Orion-50SXLG Orion-50XL Orion-38 STAR-37 Length, 9.1 8.9 3.1 1.3 2.3 m (ft) (29.9) (29.2) (10.2) (4.3) (7.5) Diameter, 2.4 1.3 1.3 1 0.7 m (ft) (7.9) (4.3) (4.3) (3.3) (2.3) Manufacturer ATK ATK ATK ATK ATK Propellant Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Propellant mass, 48,960 15,023 3,925 770 1,066 kg (lb) (107,939) (33,120) (8,655) (1,697) (2,350) Total thrust, 1,904 704 196 36 47.3 kN (lbf) (428,120) (157,729) (44,171) (8,062) (10,625) Engine thrust, 1,904 704 196 36 47.3 > kN (lbf) (428,120) (157,729) (44,171) (8,062) (10,625) > #31# ARIANE 5 Arianespace

3>3> Launch service provider D;5>5 Arianespace 9= >3;9N Company headquarters ;=59 France =>555> Manufacturer 9=55=5< Arianespace ==;9>95 599E F>=5;= Mass, kg (lb) 359A;;= 777,000 (1,712,992) 99 Length, m (ft) 46-52 (151-171) 553 Diameter, m (ft) 5555== 5.4 (17.7) 9;EF 5EF=D <*= 559>N> 2002 (ECA version) 3 5>9D=;3 Number of launches 3<9 42 (ECA version) :>3< 3 9 Reliability 98% Launch site Guiana Space Center (ELA-3)

GTO capacity, kg (lb) 9,500 (20,944) LEO capacity, kg (lb) 21,000 (46,297) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 17 (55.8) 5.4 (17.7) 10,000 (22,046)

1st Stage SRB* 2nd Stage Stage designation EPC EAP ESC-A Length, m (ft) 30.5 (100.1) 31.6 (103.7) 4.7 (15.4) Diameter, m (ft) 5.4 (17.7) 3.1 (10.2) 5.4 (17.7) Manufacturer EADS Astrium Europropulsion EADS Astrium Propellant LOX/LH Solid LOX/LH 3 2 2 Propellant mass, 170,000 240,000 14,900 kg (lb) (374,786) (529,109) (32,849) Total thrust, 960 7,000 67 kN (lbf) (215,817) (1,573,663) (15,062) Engine(s) 1 x Vulcain 2 -- 1 x HM7B Engine manufacturer Snecma -- Snecma Engine thrust, 960 7,000 67 kN (lbf) (215,817) (1,573,663) (15,062) *Figures are for each booster. #32# DNEPR ISC Kosmotras

5>>5;95 Launch service provider :EF9 ISC Kosmotras EF399; 9> Company headquarters 95=>; Russia A9D=> Manufacturer N;=99 PA Yuzhmash 5;99 9D95 J9 Mass, kg (lb) 260,546 (574,406) 59>; Length, m (ft) 5;93 34.3 (112.5) DJ99JAD Diameter, m (ft) 9D9 3 (9.8)

<*= 1999 Number of launches 19 Reliability 95% Launch sites Baikonur (LC-109, LC-95) Dombarovsky (LC-13)

LEO capacity, kg (lb) 5 Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) 3,700 (8,157) = 5.3 (17.4) 3 (9.8) SSO capacity, kg (lb) 8= 6.1 (20) 3 (9.8) 2,300 (5,071)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Stage designation 1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Length, m (ft) 22 (72.2) 6 (19.7) 1.5 (4.9) Diameter, m (ft) 3 (9.8) 3 (9.8) 3 (9.8) Manufacturer PA Yuzhmash PA Yuzhmash PA Yuzhmash

Propellant N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH Propellant mass, 147,900 36,740 1,910 kg (lb) (326,064) (80,998) (4,211) Total thrust, 4,520 755 18.6 kN (lbf) (1,016,136) (169,731) (4,181) Engine(s) 4 x RD-264 1 x RD-0255 1 x RD-869 OKB-456 OKB-154 OKB-586 Engine manufacturer (NPO Energomash) (KB Khimavtomatika) (Yuzhnoye) Engine thrust, 1,130 755 18.6 kN (lbf) (254,034) (169,731) (4,181)

#33# Japan Aerospace EPSILON Exploration Agency

559I5 Launch service provider 585=EIF>;9 JAXA : 955 Company headquarters ;5D5=> Japan ;5=95 Manufacturer EF IHI

59 = 5 = =; Mass, kg (lb) =599 90,800 (200,180) 9 Length, m (ft) =>J5= 24.4 (80.1) 55;=959 5 =;95 Diameter, m (ft) ===; 2.5 (8.2) EF

;95 <*= >;9J=95 2013 5 Number of launches 1 Reliability 100% Launch site Uchinoura Space Center

LEO capacity, kg (lb) 700 -1,200 (1,543-2,646) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 10 (32.8) 2.5 (8.2) 450 (992)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage 4th Stage Stage designation SRB-A3 M-34c KM-V2b Post Boost Stage Length, m (ft) 15 (49.2) 5 (16.4) 3 (9.8) 0.5 (1.6) Diameter, m (ft) 2.5 (8.2) 2.5 (8.2) 2.5 (8.2) 2 (6.6) Manufacturer Nissan Nissan Nissan Nissan Propellant Solid Solid Solid Hydrazine Propellant mass, 66,000 10,800 2,500 100 kg (lb) (145,505) (23,800) (5,512) (220) Total thrust, 1,580 377.2 81.3 < 1 kN (lbf) (355,198) (84,798) (18,277) (225) Engine(s) ------3 units Engine manufacturer ------Nissan Engine thrust, 1,580 377.2 81.3 <0.33 kN (lbf) (355,198) (84,798) (18,277) (74)

#34# H-IIA/B H-IIA Launch Services

=>= Launch service provider EF>I5C59 H-IIA Launch Services Company headquarters ;== Japan 5=<=>=N Manufacturer D>55=>55> Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 5;=995 9;559 Mass, kg (lb) D> 289,000-530,000 ;D; (637,136-1,168,450) = =5<= Length, m (ft) 559;ND 53-57 (173.9-187) =53= Diameter, m (ft) ; 4 (13.1) ;E; F; <*= >=;> 2001 E;5=F Number of launches (A/B) ; 26 EF5EF> Reliability (A/B) ;;5;99 96% 9 Launch site ;9== Tanegashima >>99 =9 GTO capacity, kg (lb) 4,000-6,000 (8,818-13,228) LEO capacity, kg (lb) 10,000-16,500 (22,046-36,376) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 12 4.07 3,600-4,400 (7,937-9,700) Solid Booster Solid Booster 1st Stage 2nd Stage (H-IIA)* (H-IIB)* Stage designation 1st Stage SRB-A SRB-A3 2nd Stage Length, m (ft) 37 (121.4) 15 (49.2) 15.1 (49.5) 11 (36.1) Diameter, m (ft) 4 (13.1) 2.5 (8.2) 2.5 (8.2) 4 (13.1) Manufacturer Mitsubishi Nissan Nissan Mitsubishi

Propellant LOX/LH2 Solid Solid LOX/LH2 Propellant mass, 101,000 60,500 66,000 17,000 kg (lb) (222,667) (133,380) (145,505) (37,479) Total thrust, 1,098 2,260 1,580 137 kN (lbf) (246,840) (508,068) (355,198) (30,799) Engine(s) LE-7A -- -- LE-5B Engine manufacturer Mitsubishi -- -- Mitsubishi Engine thrust, 1,098 2,260 1,580 137 kN (lbf) (246,840) (508,068) (355,198) (30,799) *Figures are for each booster. #35# China Great Wall LONG MARCH 2 Industry Corporation

=>9> Launch service provider 9=9 CGWIC =9 ;5 ==EF9D Company headquarters 45E4F China =A;5 Manufacturer =5EF SAST

=>9; EF9>;= Mass, kg (lb) ;9INEIF 233,000 (513,677) =;955= Length, m (ft) ;9I> 41-42 (134.5-137.8) EF= Diameter, m (ft) EF 3.4 (11.2)

<*= LM-2C: 1975, LM-2D: 1992 Number of launches LM-2C: 34, LM-2D: 13 = Reliability LM-2C: 100%, LM-2D: 100% Launch sites JSLC, TSLC, XSLC

GTO capacity, kg (lb) 1,250 (2,756) LEO capacity, kg (lb) 3,850 (8,488) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 7 (22.9) 3.4 (11.2) 1,300-1,900 (2,866-4,189)

1st Stage 1st Stage 2nd Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage (LM-2C) (LM-2D) (LM-2C) (LM-2D) (LM-2C) Stage designation 1st Stage 1st Stage 2nd Stage 2nd Stage 2804 Length, m (ft) 25.7 (84.3) 27.9 (X) 7.8 (25.6) 10.9 (35.8) 1.5 (4.9) Diameter, m (ft) 3.4 (11.2) 3.4 (11.2) 3.4 (11.2) 3.4 (11.2) 2.7 (8.9) Manufacturer SAST SAST SAST SAST SAST

Propellant N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH Solid Propellant mass, 162,706 182,000 54,667 52,700 125 kg (lb) (358,705) (401,241) (120,520) (116,184) (275.6) Total thrust, 2,961.6 2,961.6 741.3 742 10.8 kN (lbf) (665,794) (665,794) (166,651) (166,808) (2,428) Engine(s) 4 x YF-21C 4 x YF-21C 1 x YF-24E 1 x YF-24C -- Engine manufacturer CALT CALT CALT CALT -- = Engine thrust, 740.4 740.4 741.3 742 10.8 kN (lbf) (166,449) (166,449) (166,651) (166,808) (2,428) #36# China Great Wall LONG MARCH 3A Industry Corporation

45E4F9D Launch service provider =;9;9D= CGWIC ;= ;9=> Company headquarters ;=>> China =;;N Manufacturer ;;9= CALT EF ;;== Mass, kg (lb) =;=5 242,000-456,000 ;=>=5 (533,519-1,005,308) =>=5<3= 5555;= Length, m (ft) ==9 52.5-57 (172-187) =5;=>9 Diameter, m (ft) = = =5=>9 3.4 (11) =5<3=;; 5;ND =9=> <*= ND;;;; LM-3A: 1994, LM-3B: 1996, 5;=;;; LM-3C: 2008 599;=;= Number of launches 9; LM-3A: 23, LM-3B/E: 26, EF= LM-3C: 10 =3 Reliability 9EF 5 LM-3A: 100%, LM-3B: 92%, LM-3C: 100% Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) Launch site =5 8.9 (29) 3.4 (11) XSLC =5 8.9 (29) 3.7 (12) =5 8.9 (29) 4 (13) GTO capacity, kg (lb) =5 8.9 (29) 4.2 (13.8) 2,600-5,500 (5,732-12,125) = 1st Stage 1st Stage Booster Booster 2nd Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage (LM-3A) (LM-3BE) (LM-3B/C)* (LM-3BE)* (LM-3A) (LM-3B/BE) (ALL) Stage designation 1st Stage 1st Stage Booster Booster 2nd Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Length, m (ft) 23.3 (76.4) 24.8 (81.4) 15.3 (50.2) 16.1 (52.8) 11.3 (37.1) 12.9 (42.3) 12.4 (40.7) Diameter, m (ft) 3.4 (11.2) 3.4 (11.2) 2.3 (7.5) 2.3 (7.5) 3.4 (11.2) 3.4 (11.2) 3 (9.8) Manufacturer CALT CALT CALT CALT CALT CALT CALT

Propellant N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH LOX/LH2 Propellant mass, 171,800 186,200 37,700 41,100 32,600 49,400 18,200 kg (lb) (378,754) (410,501) (83,114) (90,610) (71,871) (108,908) (40,124) Total thrust, 2,961.6 2,961.6 740.4 740.4 742 742 167.2 kN (lbf) (665,794) (665,794) (166,449) (166,449) (166,808) (166,808) (37,588) Engine(s) 4 x YF-21C 4 x YF-21C 1 x YF-25 1 x YF-25 1 x YF-24E 1 x YF-24E 1 x YF-75 Engine manufacturer CALT CALT CALT CALT CALT CALT CALT Engine thrust, 740.4 740.4 740.4 740.4 742 742 167.2 kN (lbf) (166,449) (166,449) (166,449) (166,449) (166,808) (166,808) (37,588) *Figures are for each booster. #37# International Launch PROTON M Services

5 Launch service provider EF5;=999 International Launch Services 5;=5 ;9EF Company headquarters USA J Manufacturer 5 Khrunichev =3959 9CJ3=:3 =9 Mass, kg (lb) 5=JC 712,800 (1,571,400) C 9AEF5>9; Length, m (ft) 5EF 53 (173) Diameter, m (ft) ; =58 7.4 (24) <:=>=5 =>=5 =;=A5 =A;= <*= 5 2001 ;=5A55 Number of launches ==9> 79 =9;>; Reliability J 90% ;DA ;==;9 Launch sites Baikonur (LC-8 and LC-200)

GTO capacity, kg (lb) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) 6,920 (15,256) 3= 13.3 (43.6) 4.4 (14.4) LEO capacity, kg (lb) 333= 15.3 (50.2) 4.4 (14.4) 23,000 (50,706)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage 4th Stage Stage designation 1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Breeze-M Length, m (ft) 21.2 (69.6) 17.1 (56.1) 4.1 (13.5) 2.7 (8.9) Diameter, m (ft) 7.4 (24.3) 4.1 (13.5) 4.1 (13.5) 4 (13) Manufacturer Khrunichev Khrunichev Khrunichev Khrunichev

Propellant N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH Propellant mass, 428,300 157,300 46,562 19,800 kg (lb) (944,239) (346,787) (102,651) (43,651) Total thrust, 10,000 2,400 583 19.2 kN (lbf) (2,248,089) (539,541) (131,063) (4,411) Engine(s) 6 x RD-276 3 x RD-0210 1 x RD-0123 1 x 14D30 Engine manufacturer NPO Energomash KB Khimavtomatika KB Khimavtomatika DB Khimmash Engine thrust, 1,667 800 583 19.6 kN (lbf) (374,682) (179,847) (131,063) (4,411)

#38# ROCKOT Eurockot

=D5=; Launch service provider 9959; Eurockot 99EF 9EF Company headquarters J3;D Germany 9=D49>? Manufacturer 95CJ Khrunichev 59 D;= = Mass, kg (lb) 95;=9 = 107,000 (235,895) 5= Length, m (ft) 3==9; 29.2 (95.8) JAJ55=55 ;=959 Diameter, m (ft) 2.5 (8.2) >9> ; >DJ> <*= 5=99=5>9 2000 DJ>9 Number of launches ;DJ;9D 21 J99 Reliability D59; 90% 99 Launch site =5;9D Plesetsk (LC-133) D ;9DJ D=;9993 =9 =; LEO capacity, kg (lb) 1,820-2,150 (4,012-4,740) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 2.6 (8.5) 2.5 (8.2) 1,180-1,600 (2,601-3,527)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Stage designation 1st Stage 2nd Stage Breeze-KM Length, m (ft) 17.2 (56.4) 3.9 (12.8) 2.5 (8.2) Diameter, m (ft) 2.5 (8.2) 2.5 (8.2) 2.5 (8.2) OKB-52 OKB-52 Manufacturer Khrunichev (Khrunichev) (Khrunichev)

Propellant N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH N2O4/UDMH Propellant mass, 71,455 10,710 4,975 kg (lb) (157,531) (23,612) (10,968) Total thrust, 1,870 240 19.6 kN (lbf) (420,393) (53,954) (4,406) 3 x RD-0233 Engine(s) 1 x RD-235 1 x S5.98M 1 x RD-0234 OKB-154 OKB-154 Engine manufacturer Khrunichev (KB Khimavtomatika) (KB Khimavtomatika) Engine thrust, 520 240 19.6 kN (lbf) (116,901) (53,954) (4,406)

#39# Arianespace SOYUZ 2.1A/B Starsem

AE;AF Launch service provider ;9 Arianespace ;;=< Starsem 9== JJ=93 Company headquarters Arianespace: France A9 Starsem: France A5;:: Manufacturer ><9 TsSKB Progress >9; A>9=A5= Mass, kg (lb) 99A4 334,668 (737,817) =A9 Length, m (ft) A55 46.2 (151.6) 455C95> Diameter, m (ft) 9>9=A;9D 10.3 (33.8) A9;J= <*= 95DE55 2004 =F;=5 Number of launches >;N55 28 <=>=5 =>D=55= Reliability 53=55 100% 9E;F9;=95 Launch sites 9J=5 Baikonur (LC-31 or LC-6) A5 Guiana Space Center (ELS) Plestesk (LC-43) GTO capacity, kg (lb) A 3,250 (7,165) LEO capacity, kg (lb) 4,850 (10,692) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 11.4 (37.4) 4.1 (13.5) 4,400 (9,700)

4 x Liquid 1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Boosters Stage designation Core Stage 1st Stage 3rd Stage Fregat Length, m (ft) 27.1 (88.9) 19.6 (64.3) 6.7 (22) 1.5 (4.9) Diameter, m (ft) 3 (9.8) 2.7 (8.9) 2.7 (8.9) 3.4 (11.2) Manufacturer TsSKB-Progress TsSKB-Progress TsSKB-Progress NPO Lavotchkin

Propellant LOX/Kerosene LOX/Kerosene LOX/Kerosene N2O4/UDMH Propellant mass, kg (lb) 90,100 (198,636) 39,160 (86,333) 25,400 (55,997) 6,638 (14,634) Total thrust, kN (lbf) 838.5 (188,502) 792.5 (178,161) 297.9 (66,971) 19.9 (4,474) 2.1a: 1 x RD-0110 Engine(s) 1 x RD-108A 1 x RD-107A 1 x S5.92 2.1b: 1 x RD-0124 Engine manufacturer AO Motorostroitel AO Motorostroitel Voronyezh NPO Lavotchkin Engine thrust, 2.1a: 297.9 (66,971) 838.5 (188,502) 792.5 (178,161) 19.9 (4,474) kN (lbf) 2.1b: 297.9 (66,971)

#40# SOYUZ 2.1V

A9A> Launch service provider N5 Roscosmos =9<9>959; Company headquarters A5==>9 Russia ;J=; Manufacturer D;9<= TsSKB Progress 9;AM

=55=995; Mass, kg (lb) 9>=3D9 157,000 (346,126) =59 Length, m (ft) ;9D85 44 (144) ;;9C>> Diameter, m (ft) 99; 2.95 (9.7)

<*= 2013 Number of launches 1 Reliability 100% Launch sites Baikonur (LC-31 or LC-6) Plesetsk (LC-43)

A LEO capacity, kg (lb) 3,000 (6,614) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 7.7 (25.3) 3.7 (12.1) 1,400 (3,086)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Stage designation 1st Stage 2nd Stage Volga Length, m (ft) 27.8 (91.2) 6.7 (22) 1.03 (3.4) Diameter, m (ft) 2.95 (9.7) 2.7 (8.9) 3.1 (10.2) Manufacturer TsSKB Progress TsSKB Progress TsSKB Progress Propellant LOX/Kerosene LOX/Kerosene UDMH Propellant mass, 119,700 25,400 900 kg (lb) (263,893) (55,997) (1,984) Total thrust, 1,510 297.9 2.94 kN (lbf) (339,462) (66,971) (661) Engine(s) 1 x 14D15 (NK-33) 1 x RD-0124 1 x main engine Engine manufacturer NK Engines Company Voronyezh TsSKB Progress Engine thrust, 1,510 297.9 2.94 kN (lbf) (339,462) (66,971) (661)

#41# VEGA Arianespace

=>9; Launch service provider =95> Arianespace 55=5 5 Company headquarters France Manufacturer 59;== ELV S.p.A. 55=;9 5=>5=> Mass, kg (lb) 133,770 (294,912) =;;=@ = Length, m (ft) 9>=K 9> 29.9 (98.1) =K 9>N; ;=55 Diameter, m (ft) EF>5 3 (9.8) :>5AD 55; 8;= ;== <*= 2012 Number of launches 2 Reliability = 100% Launch site Guiana Space Center (ZLV)

LEO capacity, kg (lb) 1,000-2,300 (2,205-5,071) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) SSO capacity, kg (lb) = 7.9 (25.9) 2.6 (8.5) 1,100-1,740 (2,425-3,836)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage 4th Stage Stage designation P80FW AVUM Length, m (ft) 11.2 (36.7) 8.4 (27.6) 4.1 (13.5) 2 (6.6) Diameter, m (ft) 3 (9.8) 1.9 (6.2) 1.9 (6.2) 2.2 (7.2) Manufacturer Europropulsion Avio Avio Avio

Propellant Solid Solid Solid N2O4 (UDMH) Propellant mass, 88,365 23,906 10,115 367 kg (lb) (194,811) (52,704) (22,300) (809) Total thrust, 2,261 1,196 225 2.5 kN (lbf) (508,293) (268,871) (50,582) (562) Engine(s) ------1 x RD-869 Engine manufacturer ------Yuzhnoye Engine thrust, 2,261 1,196 225 2.5 kN (lbf) (508,293) (268,871) (50,582) (562)

#42# ZENIT-3SL Sea Launch AG

K Launch service provider =959 Sea Launch AG ;= Company headquarters =K3 Switzerland <9K5 Manufacturer =5 Yuzhnoye >=9;9? 955@=>A>D Mass, kg (lb) >= 470,000 (1,036,173) K=A Length, m (ft) 5 => 59 (193.6) 5<=> Diameter, m (ft) 559 D 3.9 (12.8) =55JD5 5=EJJ=F=5 5;= <*= 1999 K9A; Number of launches =;=K;= 3SL: 35 D=>9D 3SLB: 6 >; Reliability K> K 3SL: 91% 9K= 3SLB: 100% Launch site Odyssey 3SLB: Baikonur (LC-45/1)

GTO capacity, kg (lb) Fairing Length, m (ft) Diameter, m (ft) 3SL: 6,160 (13,580) = 11.39 (37.4) 3.9 (12.8) 3SLB: 3,750 (8,267)

1st Stage 2nd Stage 3rd Stage Stage designation 1st Stage 2nd Stage Block DM-SL Length, m (ft) 32.9 (108) 10.4 (34) 4.9 (16.1) Diameter, m (ft) 3.9 (12.8) 3.9 (12.8) 3.7 (12.1) Manufacturer Yuzhnoye Yuzhnoye RSC Energia Propellant LOX/Kerosene LOX/Kerosene LOX/Kerosene Propellant mass, 322,280 81,740 15,850 kg (lb) (710,505) (180,205) (34,943) Total thrust, 7,256 992 79.5 kN (lbf) (1,631,421) (223,026) (17,864) 1 x RD-120 Engine(s) 1 x RD-171M 1 x 11D58M 1 x RD-8 Engine manufacturer NPO Energomash NPO Energomash RSC Energia K Engine thrust, 7,117 RD-120: 912 (205,026) 79.5 kN (lbf) (1,631,421) RD-8: 80 (18,000) (17,864)

#43#

OTHER U.S. VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT WITH ORBITAL DEPLOYMENT CAPABILITY

Anticipated Vehicle Manufacturer Description Introduction Year D= 9995 55=>;;5= Athena D 9 =;85 ;9; JD9585;9D 555C: 9=55= D58D 899553D=9E 8D 3: 5 5F8D;; =;558D5 858D =4;;>9 J=; 85D=E 55 : F555 95 3D=9E35FD89== 45== 4;; = 95E=9;; ;F>E=9;;D =F>E=9;;9= =9F;95; < ;==5=<<;9 ; 9 59;99 O9>9;=? 5; =85 ;9CJ5 4=5 4 ==5;9?; 5 4 : 4D=;9 5 4D=5;=D=9 45 E::5F ?5=; 99 95;;99 5EFH;895> 9EF 3; D=9 E::5F55;9= =5;5=5 ;9=

Table 3. Other U.S. Vehicles in Development with Orbital Deployment Capability

#44# Orbital Launch Vehicles

OTHER NON-U.S. ORBITAL LAUNCH VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT

Anticipated Vehicle Manufacturer Description Introduction Year =;= ; =N ;==3 ;;= =9;5 ;= 9 :<;9 ; = =EF =3>:> = = and 7 :=>9 9; =; 5 = 55N =EF =;=<= <=>99 ;= =55N = :D5= ;99 A5= ==9 D5=55 59;D D>D A= D =>99 ; =5 5EF> ?;;A D;9AC 3>= ;;59 = D555 =9 = J >99= = < >= 5 3 > =< AJ A55== 5;> 55; 5=9

Table 4. Other Non-U.S. Orbital Launch Vehicles in Development

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#46# *+*;# SUBORBITAL REUSABLE VEHICLES Suborbital reusable vehicles carry humans, cargo, or both to the edge of space. These vehicles primarily target markets in science and technology research and space tourism.

=@*@ ][="\#]

^[_`];+;

#47#

EF5;9==5 559D9955 ?;5>D9E:9F ==5>85 9;9= 5;5Y<D=9 EY>35F;=>955>99 955=5== = D5;9O3>O3>5 5= 85 5=595 99=955==999>; 9559== @

95C49 =;9 559>95==H =4C555;9;5 =A 85959H 5;5;9;55955D= ;559;95C8H 59C995 =; 554>=955= 9;;9H =N=D=;>8 =;95C>5>9 ; ;

Maximum Announced Operator SRV Seats* Cargo Price Operational Date kg (lb) Armadillo STIG B -- 50** (110) Not announced 2013, now on hiatus Aerospace Blue Origin New Shepard 3+ 120** (265) Not announced Not announced Masten Space Xaero -- 12 (26) Not announced Not announced Systems Xogdor -- 25 (55) Not announced Not announced UP Aerospace SpaceLoft XL -- 36 (79) $350,000 per launch 2006 (actual) Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo 6 600 (1,323) $200,000 per seat 2014 $95,000 per seat Lynx Mark I 1 120 (265) $95,000 per seat 2014 XCOR Lynx Mark II 1 120 (265) 2014 Aerospace $95,000 per seat, Lynx Mark III 1 770 (1,698) $500,000 for small sat. 2015-2016 launch X=H5 XX;5; Table 5. SRVs and Providers

#48# LYNX XCOR Aerospace

55=8 Operator >C 5 59D;>K D Company Headquarters 8;9;5 Manufacturer =5 5 55 Launch Site ;5>D ?5 D= 5 D9

5=8= Mass, kg (lb) 555D Y3>E>F D5 8 Length, m (ft) 8539 EF 5D5 Wingspan, m (ft) ;=5>55> <EF ;=9

8 ;9? Vehicle Type 5H>5 AD;;> ;955>9 A= E>;F Year Launch Operations Begin 3 Seats @ 5@ Price O3>5

Lynx Mark I Lynx Mark II Lynx Mark III Introduction year 3: Length, m (ft) EF EF EF Wingspan, m (ft) <EF <EF <EF Mass, kg (lb) >3E>:F 3>E>F Cargo capacity, kg (lb) E:3F E:3F <<E>:F Apogee, km (mi) :EF UE:UF UE:UF Time in microgravity Y9 Y9 Y9 Flight duration 39 39 39 Propellant MJEF MJEF Total thrust, 3: 3: kN (lbf) E>:F E>:F Engine(s) 83J 83J Engine manufacturer Engine thrust, kN (lbf) E>F E>F

#49# NEW SHEPARD Blue Origin

=>;>5= Operator D;;=EF = 95New Shepard 5589D=9 Company Headquarters E5F;599 ;D9E:9F Manufacturer = 955 Launch Site ;=95 >8 55;= ;5589;9> 55 Length, m (ft) ;955 3EF 5;99D5 Diameter, m (ft) =5 Y3E:F ;5 Engine Engine Manufacturer 5 = Thrust, kN (lbf) E>F Propellant

Vehicle Type D;;>= Seats 5@ Apogee, km (mi) E:F

#50# SPACELOFT UP Aerospace

555; Operator 5;95;5>= 5 ==DHD;; 55; Company Headquarters 55:D=9E<5F; 59;3 Manufacturer D9E<39F9 5 5;99=;A Launch Site 595599 559 Mass, kg (lb) =59:> 3E<F 5;;89 Length, m (ft) 5N>> :EF ;559 8 Diameter, m (ft) :E3F Engine 8: Engine Manufacturer = Thrust, kN (lbf) ::E>F Propellant

Vehicle Type D;;> 5; 5 Year Launch Operations Began : Cargo Capacity, kg (lb) Payload Length, Diameter, :E<F accommodations cm (in) cm (in) Apogee, km (mi) 3:EF EF :EF E3F 3E:F Time in Microgravity :E3F EF Y9 EF EF Flight Duration 3EF EF Y9

#51# SPACESHIPTWO Virgin Galactic

=45= Operator =4 55 Company Headquarters 95=>> 55 Manufacturer 5595 5595 ;5 Launch Site 55 559 =>9 =>95 Mass, kg (lb) >= 3>E>F 55> Length, m (ft) K E<9E3>;F;9; Vehicle Type J=D9>55 AD;;> ;5;=9; A= >;== Year Launch Operations Begin Seats @ 5@: Price O3>5 Cargo Capacity, kg (lb) :E>F Apogee, km (mi) E:F Time in Microgravity 39 1st Stage 2nd Stage Flight Duration Stage designation J=EF 55 Y9 Length, m (ft) E<

Propellant IEDF M Total thrust, :: kN (lbf) E<><:F E:>F Engine(s) 8 8D T Engine manufacturer 5 D Engine thrust, < :: kN (lbf) E:>F E:>F

#52# STIG-B Armadillo Aerospace

955= Operator > 95 54E4FEF 5EF Company Headquarters 4;9;> Manufacturer D;;>5 95 4=;95C Launch Site 45;= 559 3D=9E5F5; D9E:9F Length, m (ft) >45;9 :E3F ;9559 ;I>9 Diameter, m (ft) 5 3E:F Engine Manufacturer 95 Propellant M

Vehicle Type D;;> 5 Year Launch Operations Began Cargo Capacity, kg (lb) 3EF Apogee, km (mi) 4 E:F Time in Microgravity Y9 Flight Duration Y9

#53# XAERO Masten Space Systems

;; Operator ;5 ==8 59 59 55 Company Headquarters 89EF5 9?>; Manufacturer 59 =D;;> Launch Site =EF>D ?5 >= =5;9;=> ;5= Length, m (ft) :EF =D9E:9F Engine Manufacturer D=9E5F5> 59 =5;= Propellant D995 M

Vehicle Type D;;> 5

Cargo Capacity, kg (lb) EF Apogee, km (mi) 3EF Flight Duration 3:9

#54# Suborbital Reusable Vehicles

OTHER SUBORBITAL VEHICLES IN DEVELOPMENT

Operator / Vehicle Remarks Vehicle Details Booster Space Industries Seats: ~10 Booster Space Industries is developing - Pilots: 2 Sub-orbital Spacecraft a “sub-orbital aircraft.” Booster is planning a two-stage system; the - Passengers: ~8 Altitude: 115 – 150 km (71-93 mi) commercial jet aircraft, similar to an Payload: 1,200 kg (2,645 lb) Airbus A300-600, capable of carrying Propulsion: 2 rocket engines, liquid the sub-orbital aircraft to an altitude hydrogen (LH ) and LOX of approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 2 miles) for launch. Booster is primarily Duration of microgravity: ~4 minutes based in Spain, with a European- HTHL United States consortium. ][=[: 2016/2017 Copenhagen Suborbitals Tycho Brahe Copenhagen Suborbitals is developing Seats: 1 the Tycho Brahe, a capsule that will Altitude: 100 km (62 mi) carry one person to 100 kilometers Mass: ~300 kg (~661 lb) (62 miles) altitude. The person will stand in the vehicle for the entire Payload: ~70 kg (~154 lb) mission and will be able to see through Propulsion: LOX/polyurethane a 360-degree dome at the top. The Off-shore VTVL (parachute landing) company is based in Denmark. ][=[: 2015

Garvey Spacecraft Corp. Garvey Spacecraft Corp. is P-18 developing the Prospector 18 (P- !"#&"']" Seats: N/A was on December 8, 2012 at the Friends of Amateur Rocketry (FAR) Altitude: 4.6 km (2.9 mi) test site outside Mojave, CA. This Mass: TBD launch was performed for NASA’s Propulsion: LOX/ethane propellant Launch Services Program (LSP) launch vehicle using aerospike engine High Altitude Launch Service (HALS) technology for Demonstration Nano-Satellites VTVL program. The company is also developing a Nanosat Launch Vehicle (NLV) for launch of up to 10 kilograms (22 pounds) payloads to LEO.

S3, Swiss Space Systems Seats: TBD SOAR S3 plans to launch small satellites and, Altitude: 80 km (50 mi) at a later stage, manned suborbital Mass: TBD >]"#?@>> will be launched from an Airbus A300. Payload: ~250 kg (~550 lb) The spaceplane, in turn, will release a Propulsion: TBD disposable third stage with a satellite. HTHL ][=: 2017

Whittinghill Aerospace Whittinghill is developing the minimum Seats: N/A mCLS Cost Launch System (mCLS) designed Altitude: TBD to send nano-satellites into LEO. The Mass: TBD system uses a cluster of standardized propellant modules. For the Flight Payload: TBD Opportunities Program, Whittinghill will Propulsion: N2O/rubber modify one of the propellant modules Vertical takeoff or rail launch, @]"#Q"" parachute landing Aerospace is located in Camarillo, CA. ][=: TBD

Table 6. Other Suborbital Vehicles in Development

Image Credits (from top to bottom) Booster Space Industries, Copenhagen Suborbitals, Garvey Spacecraft Corp., Rocketplane Global, and Whittinghill Aerospace

#55# Federal Aviation Administration / Commercial Space Transportation

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#56# *+*;# ON-ORBIT VEHICLES AND PLATFORMS

On-orbit vehicles and platforms transport or contain cargo, crew, or both in low Earth orbit. Most of these spacecraft are developed with some funding from or partnership with NASA.

A SpaceX Dragon used for the 2013 CRS-2 mission as seen from the ISS.

Image credit: SpaceX

#57#

99=5=9599955 5;5== 59;555;95 ; >5C=>95>=C =9985 95;<

==5;9599995 @

>5C=95559 ;9=559;95H 59>C=9;>9D= 95;C5=9= =55 55;D5H >5EF5;95;9 ;=5;59;> 85==9;==H I>=5O<95 =85EF3H ==9=5599= 99;>=H> 9>=5;9;;>5; M=;>8 5;95;=;

Maximum Cargo Maximum Operator Vehicle Launch Vehicle First Flight kg (lb) Crew Size :> 5 =E=F E>F 5 =EF 7 3 = > Antares EF E>F = >< Antares EF E3>3F Atlas V = 7 : 9 Atlas V 7 : Atlas V = 5 7 = 9A > 89A E>:F Maximum On-Orbit Maximum Operator Platform Volume First Flight Vehicle Crew Size m3 (ft3) = = : 5 E>:3F = = 3 5 E>3F

Table 7. On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms

#58# CST-100 Boeing

55EF Operator 5=; = 99 Company Headquarters =;5;5 9;55 =;9 Manufacturer =5 = 95 Launch Site 9 EF Launch Vehicle =5 = Atlas V 95;9=9> 559 Landing Type C==9 5 Year Operations Begin >= Y< 95; =55<

CST-100 Vehicle type > Crew 7 Length, m (ft) 3E:F Diameter, m (ft) :E3F 8E9F Propulsion 8E999F 8= Propellant M

#59# CYGNUS Orbital Sciences Corp.

5;; Operator =>9= 5 5;=5 Company Headquarters 5A= 5 Manufacturer 5 5 ==C99 5 ==9> Launch Site 99 EF 55=O Launch Vehicle 5== Antares 559 Landing Type =9; 9C Year Operations Began 45A=9 9555A = =9;5 5

=D;9>; ;5=99=>= 5EF595

Standard Cygnus Enhanced Cygnus Vehicle type =>85 =>85 Length, m (ft) 3<EE>F ><E3>33F Pressurized cargo volume, m3 (ft3) E::F <E33F Flight duration D D Propulsion 89=>8 89=>8

Propellant M M Power, kW (peak) 3 3

#60# DRAGON SpaceX

=; =5;= Operator D5A=>5A=> 5 M;;9 Company Headquarters 9= >;559> Manufacturer 59>; 5 D;9 =95 Launch Site EF 5=5== Launch Vehicle 3:>95;= ;=C595 Landing Type 5=9 5 >5 Year Operations Began =O:5= ==@ 5595 =@< ;=;9;;;5 =C5>= = 5=955=9 9>9O339

Dragon Cargo Crew Dragon Vehicle type => > Crew 7 Length, m (ft) EF EF Diameter, m (ft) :EF :EF Up mass, kg (lb) :>E>F Down mass, kg (lb) >E:>:F Pressurized cargo volume, m3 (ft3) E3F Unpressurized cargo volume, m3 (ft3) EF Flight duration D Propulsion 8 8 Propellant M M Power, kW (peak)

#61# DREAM CHASER Sierra Nevada Corp.

9>5 Operator ;=5;= 5 5=;9 Company Headquarters =855 9 Manufacturer > 5 5> Launch Site 9D EF 5=95; Launch Vehicle 9>9> Atlas V 85=E[3=F> Landing Type =A= A= 9 Year Operations Begin =;9 Y< ;9C859; 5559;9 5C5555D9 =

995 ==

Dream Chaser Vehicle type > Crew 7 Length, m (ft) E3F Wingspan, m (ft) <EF Pressurized cargo volume, m3 (ft3) :E3:3F Flight duration Propulsion 89

Propellant MO

#62# On-Orbit Vehicles and Platforms

#63# Federal Aviation Administration / Commercial Space Transportation

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#64# *+*;# LAUNCH SITES

Launch sites are sites dedicated to launching orbital or suborbital vehicles into space. FAA AST licenses commercial launch and reentry sites in the United States.

New Mexico’s Spaceport America.

Image credit: Spaceport America

#65#

=5 55=95>;9> =5;D;;> =EFAD;;>A=EF9> ==>5 D=9=9C5;9 ;5D=99 ;;=

99I> =5 99>;55>= ;;;

;;>= >;>=

;<>499=>= 9=99555> 9=>= > 5;5

>95 59;95 ;9;9855CK 5 =;455 4=>8=59 =;9 >8

55=; 59>99A>5 ; 5;;

License Launch Site/State Operator First Issued Expires 2013 Launches ;55> 559 : 5: ; EF = =995 < < EF 55>= = EF JD958> D55 5 D 5 5 I3 55> ?5 55EF> J5 :I >; D955> D95 : I: D9 59 559> 855 4EF 8 5;EF 55> ID I3 Florida

Table 8. FAA-licensed Commercial Launch Sites

#66# Launch Sites

Figure 1. U.S. Federal and Non-Federal Launch Sites.

2013 Highlights

Seven FAA-licensed orbital and suborbital launches took place from launch sites in the U.S. Spaceport America kicked off the year with a launch of Armadillo Aerospace’s STIG-B vehicle. A SpaceX Falcon 9 was launched from CCAFS in support of a cargo mission to the ISS. In April, Orbital Sciences performed the inaugural launch of its Antares orbital launch vehicle with a mass simulator, followed in September by another Antares launch of a Cygnus, this time to the ISS under NASA’s !" carrying a Canadian satellite. In November, an FAA-licensed Minotaur I launched a payload in support of the US Air Force Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) program from the Wallops Flight Facility. SpaceX rounded out the year with a Falcon 9 launch of an SES payload from CCAFS. Other 2013 spaceport highlights include: SpaceX was selected by NASA to take over Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. After the Space Shuttle retirement, NASA decided to transfer it to a commercial operator. SpaceX proposed using 39A for launching its Falcon 9 vehicle, including, in the future, its Falcon Heavy version. #$%&&'% Grasshopper experimental rocket would take place at Spaceport America. SpaceX signed a three year lease to use the spaceport. The previous Grasshopper test launches have been performed at its McGregor, Texas site. Houston City Council approved funding of approximately $700,000 to obtain an FAA commercial launch site license for the Ellington Field airport run by the city. According to the Houston Airport System, the license could be obtained in 2014. The preparation activities include an environmental ssessment and launch site location and operation plans.

#67#

Type of Currently State/ Type of Available for Launch Site Operator Country Launch Site Launches Commercial Supported Operations ; 559 55 ; 99 5 55 5 Florida 99 M EF 5 Florida 49 <EF EF ID 55 Florida 99 ; 49 J5 Florida 49 JD D5 958 5 D 99 M = = 995 = 99 55 = ? J5 5 ; 99 D9 D9 5 55 59 D9 99 = 49 ; D DD 5 = 45 D ; = 5; 9 49 M 9D ; 5 8 55 55 8 99 9 EF EF E = ; 49 M F :EF EF 3<:EF 85 5= = 49 M ; = 9 8 49

Table 9. U.S. Active Launch and Reentry Sites

#68# Launch Sites

Proposed Launch Site/ Operator State Status Spaceport 585=55; 5 8 =99 ;=; = ; 8 ;=5=55 =;995 5555? ;95 = = ;=; 55 5 9955; 555 ;5;55= ;= 55 ; 8 =9I 55 5555;9 ;=5555; ; 9I:> 55 ;5 ;= J 59 ;9955; 555 555555 5 5 Florida 99 55555> M =5; 8 8 ;MD= 55 55 8 M85559 59 59 5 Table 10. Proposed Launch and Reentry Sites in the United States

#69# CALIFORNIA SPACEPORT SSI VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE U.S. Air Force

Location ; Owner/Operator @ @ Launch Site Type @ @E9F Year Established ;55@: @ Number of Launch Events ;55@ @:3 559EF>> Description 5;55EF> ;C5599 N; ;5=;= Cth5= EF:> 99 9== 55C55 99 ;==3 599;9 5555 Key Facilities 5=;=;5 CSP: 5=9 EF VAFB: MEF 99=95= EF =>>>> EF 5=;95 :EF 5;9 3<:EF 9 ME>3<9F 9=>95D>> ; ;3<

#70# CAPE CANAVERAL SPACEPORT Space Florida CECIL FIELD SPACEPORT

Location Florida Owner/Operator 5 Launch Site Type @ @ Year established @ @ Number of Orbital Launch Events @ Description 55555 99 59=5 55 55EF5 5599 9==CJ5 ;55 EF5ID Key Facilities CCS: 5>=O3>=;9;> ;=:>; : 55;DC :E>F C5 <EF ==:;9< 855D >595= 5= O>;5;9;9 = :955= 5; ;>>5 5 CFS: M<E>9 M<E>9F M:E>9F M:E>9F

Cecil Field Spaceportort Cape Canaveral Spaceport

#71# CAPE CANAVERAL AFS U.S. Air Force KENNEDY SPACE CENTER NASA

Location Florida Owner/Operator @ J@ Launch Site Type @E9F J@EF Year Established @ J@: Number of Orbital Launch Events @: J@3 Description =>C5 ; EFCJ5EJF5 3N; 9 C3th5= 99=9D5;9> 9== 95 =99=D5 55;9J ;9JC958 ;C9 =;5 5 =9 5=;>A9=>N;= : 9>>>5 Key Facilities CCAFS@ J55=;;C;9=5 <EF 95D=5 EF ;;99 EF ME>9D5F 5 KSC: 3ME>3<9F 5

#72# KODIAK LAUNCH COMPLEX Alaska Aerospace Corporation

Location D Owner/Operator D55 Launch Site Type Year Established Number of Orbital Launch Events Description JD958 99 ;; ;9>=9> JD958EJF 9999> ;JD 9=>5 5EF9 5 55958 Key Facilities 5EF;9= EF >D; E9=F ;9==J; 9=9 59;5; 5=; =>O<>3 5;;; D555;5 9= 5;=EF4=9; ;D9=;

#73# MID-ATLANTIC REGIONAL SPACEPORT VCSFA WALLOPS FLIGHT FACILITY NASA

Location = Owner/Operator @ @ Launch site type @ @EF Year established @< @3 Number of orbital launch events @ =995=EF @ 3=5< Description 85=55EF; ;;> 5>;E9 59>=; 9;F==9> 55= 55;;> ; 55==;9 9955 9=;>O3> 55= 55;4;9 A5 9=959 Key facilities C595;C MARS 9 =5=9>5589 =D9;9 95 WFF ;55;99= 5 5=EF>=;=> 9=>5 ;99 9:>:3 95=; 555589 9= N;=;

#74# East Kern MOJAVE AIR AND SPACE PORT Airport District

Location ; Owner/Operator J5 Launch Site Type Year Established Description ?5 ; ==>5 59>; 9= Key Facilities ME>9F ?55 M:E>9F 555J5? ME>9F =5;9; 5 ?

8955;?>= 95>5>>9 95==>=>=9

J55 5;=EF=> =O<><3;N;9=> 59;55999> 5;5A ==N59

#75# OKLAHOMA SPACEPORT Oklahoma Space Industry Development Authority

Location D9 Owner/Operator Launch Site Type Year Established : Description 55 ;A Key Facilities <M3E>:9F <M3E>39F D9559=D95 59EF 99;5;D 95D

>=O>=> 55559;55C 5=5 8== =>=O:>== 5555 =59;==95 =;

#76# SPACEPORT AMERICA New Mexico Spaceport Authority

Location 8 Owner/Operator Launch Site Type Year Established Description 55999 5555 A5 Key Facilities 9= = 559C 55> E59F 9955> 55 ;N>8 :ME>9F

=4>>= =999;;9 9=5;=J= ; =4555;

59>8 55EFO>59 =9>5;C5 5;=4=9 =O3> =>;=D== 555; 55 85 ;8>9;O9

55C

#77# Federal Aviation Administration / Commercial Space Transportation

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#78# *+*;# COMMERCIAL VENTURES BEYOND EARTH ORBIT A new component of the commercial space transportation industry has recently emerged: commercial ventures beyond Earth’s orbit. These companies are pursuing ventures aimed at making breakthrough technologies in rocket engines, returning astronauts to the moon, and mining the moon and asteroids.

Ad Astra testing its VX-200 VASIMR engine prototype in a vacuum chamber.

Image credit: Ad Astra Rocket Company

#79#

95999A995;99 55@>>5 5;9>9955 >;9=99>55=>= 5>==;5>; C>95;99 559=@99 C955=99D= D==D=>=9> 9=9895; ==

Lunar Efforts Golden Spike@45D@45D95;9;; 5985;;95C 5;99;> ;9I544; 4 5D;;==9599D 9;5;9O33 45D59595 5>=5499>; =;559>>5 Artist’s conception of 9 Golden Spike Lunar Lander. Google Lunar X PRIZE@K5 =A Image credit: Golden 9=D=; ; Spike 94=K;94= K<;O95A 5;9;;;> 39E>:;F>>9=>D =;A;> 9 ;3

Shackleton Energy Company:D;9<8 >A>I9J5=9= 5555 9DO;959 9DM55; ;5;55;55>9>

Cis-Lunar Efforts Planetary Resources@5>>>95 Artist’s conception of ;95;K9 Arkyd-100 Series LEO 9>59; space telescope. 9959= 5; Image credit: Planetary D55=4C Resources

#80# Commercial Ventures Beyond Earth Orbit

The B612 Foundation@:;5 95>995;9 ;?;= ;C9;9: 859 5;55 99;5D

Deep Space Industries: =95= = ==;585 95>9959 85;99 5=85 > ;; D9>495>; I>;=D;

Mars One@55999 3;==D> >=5995 ;99;9>;= =55=9> >55;95599 55;9

New Engine Technologies Ad Astra Rocket Company@5= 5 95=59DEAF>5 ;=5==9; 9D>=;; Artist’s conception of 9=>59;>;9 200 kW VASIMR Solar >955>;95 Electric Propulsion 5=9>95=9>=5 (SEP) Vehicle. =;DA=55>93> 35 95<^; =55 Image credit: Ad Astra 9959> Rocket Company =5=9>9 ;9> =D95;5 = =

Reaction Engines Ltd@95>= 5=9=D= E==D=F>5; 3U95 =5D9; 5=;5 5>59AD Artist’s conception of 55>555= SKYLON. ;=;==>= Image credit: Reaction O9J=9;=;= Engines Ltd 95=9

#81#

Space Propulsion Group Inc.@>55455= M5; D9>55 =995;5

>99555;9 =9999=;; 9=5555>9> >9===;55 5 ;;>D8 C>999;;

#82# *+*;# REGULATION AND POLICY

Commercial space-related activities are regulated in the United States by several agencies, including the FAA, FCC, NOAA, the Department of State, and Department of Commerce.

Blue Origin’s BE-3 engine is tested at NASA’s Stennis Space Center in 2013.

Image credit: Blue Origin

#83#

#84# Regulation and Policy

995%;9= 995%= =>=>99 99EF>959 EF>59;>59;99E= ;=5=F95995 5

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION =99 59 5 >5> >85959>>;55 j*={?;{j A9;5 5 55=;95 >99>A 8585 A95>55

Launch or Reentry Operator License 55;995; 995A;9 5 >=;99;9>5=5 ;55;9=5 9 ;;; ;9

Launch Site License A ;>995;5 ;=>N9 5;

Operator Type of FAA Authorization Issue Date Vehicle Launch Site I 5 3I Antares 5= 5 <I 5 = 5 3

Table 11. FAA AST License Activity in 2013

Figure 2. (left) Regulation of Space-Related Activities in the United States

#85#

Experimental Permit 59= 59>=95>= =>595;> 99;;5=> ;9

@= A;5 = ; @5 =5 859;> 59

;9D895;9=N9% DD >= 5D>9D>5599 =995;>:E>5 FD =5 D>9D=5D55; D>9;N55 >;;; ?5A5;

Safety Approval 99 ;9?5A ;;55595 59;55; HH;9>5>>95 ;HN 55;9=5; H9;

Vehicle/ Operator Type of FAA Authorization Date Purpose 5 8599 455 95 8599 55 DD= ;55 = =

Table 12. Other FAA Commercial Space Transportation Regulatory Activity

#86# Regulation and Policy

j*=^ 9 5D= N9;9955;C =59=99599 ;549C9;99 5=59; 59 8E3>5= =89 ;995959> >595;9=5O3 9>;4959==; O39O<

Occupant Safety 5==;;;5; 995;> =;9955 99EF==95; =A;95> ;99585A5 = ==85A;= 55;==9=; =9>>95=> ;>59959;;; =9D C59> 95 =;C ;8;9955>5 ;;8

#87# Federal Aviation Administration / Commercial Space Transportation

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#88# *+*;#

COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECASTS

This section presents 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts, previously released by FAA AST and the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC).

Orbital Sciences Corporation successfully launches its Antares vehicle from Virginia’s Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport to the ISS.

Image credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

#89#

"# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

9C; ;9955 EF995599 EF55;;=9;995 ;5;9=

The 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts5@

The COMSTAC 2013 Commercial Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO) Launch Demand Forecast>5?9;99 54=9994H The FAA’s 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecast for Non- Geosynchronous Orbits (NGSO)>5?999 ;4>EF>99 EF>5EF>8EF

=>;5?=9 ;995;9=>5 ;9;55?=; 9944;= =944 9;5 5?;9=

95=;99; 5=9958> 5>=9D;9; 559;9;

=944

45[

40[

35[

NGSO | 30[ Launch | Actual| 25[ 2013 NGSO Launch Forecast|

20[ Launches|

15[

10[ GSO Launch Actual| 2013 GSO Launch Forecast| 5[

0[ 1993[ 1995[ 1997[ 1999[ 2001[ 2003[ 2005[ 2007[ 2009[ 2011[ 2013[ 2015[ 2017[ 2019[ 2021[

9955 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total Avg. Payloads GSO Forecast (COMSTAC) 20 23 28 22 21 22 22 23 23 24 228 22.8 NGSO Forecast (FAA) 74 32 41 45 44 23 20 20 19 19 337 33.7 Total Satellites 94 55 69 67 65 45 42 43 42 43 565 56.5 Launches GSO Medium-to-Heavy 16 18 23 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 182 18.2 NGSO Medium-to-Heavy 14 14 17 15 13 12 11 11 10 10 127 12.7 NGSO Small 200100000030.3 Total Launches 32 32 40 33 30 29 29 29 29 29 312 31.2

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

9C; ;9955 EF995599 EF55;;=9;995 ;5;9=

The 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts5@

The COMSTAC 2013 Commercial Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO) Launch Demand Forecast>5?9;99 54=9994H The FAA’s 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecast for Non- Geosynchronous Orbits (NGSO)>5?999

35[

30[ GSO Satellites Actual| GSO Satellite Forecast| 25[

20[

15[ Number per Year| Number per 10[

GSO Launch Actual| GSO Launch Forecast| 5[

0[ 1993[ 1995[ 1997[ 1999[ 2001[ 2003[ 2005[ 2007[ 2009[ 2011[ 2013[ 2015[ 2017[ 2019[ 2021[

" 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts

;4>EF>99 EF>5EF>8EF

=>;5?=9 ;995;9=>5 ;9;55?=; 9944;= =944 9;5 5?;9=

95=;99; 5=9958> 5>=9D;9; 559;9;

=?4;9

18| Commercial Telecommunications Commercial Remote Sensing 16| Commercial Cargo and Crew Transportation Services 14| Other Commercially Launched Satellites Technology Test and Demonstration 12|

10|

8| Launches|

0| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

49D95?9;5 >5=;9C5?;5= 45; 45?;9>9 E3>D=9F99>5; 959E>3D=9F >995= 5E=F95 =9595 5D=>> == 9D=>5;; 9;595; 95= ;;=

4>;9><55? 9949D5?=; 5;9>=5;9 C=;=5?4 ;895D3><> 59;9>4>5>;N 99=>; =; 995=999>5 985;<>99> =9> 59>999= 999:5E<F; ;;99= 9;D55 5=9;=?555> ;> 55

>=;45 5E558935F; 99;59=; 9949;9= 59;9999 9955;

9955> >5>>5= 9=5;5599 =99D99 = 5D59 95999D

8598 EF>5EI5F>=:EF =995 959949D5D=94 ;9=;=5 >99D985 ;999;>994 9=5==D5==9 99D;9;5

; 44 5;9 9D=9

"& 20132013 CommercialCommercial SpaceSpace TransportationTransportation Forecasts:Forecasts: COMSTACCOMSTAC GSOGSO ForecastForecast

COMSTAC 2013 COMMERCIAL GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT LAUNCH DEMAND FORECAST

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 995599EF; ; ;9955;9 EF952013 Commercial Geosynchronous Orbit (GSO) Launch Demand ForecastE5FC5;; =9;994 5%>595 E=F59%85 5;;8 ;;9;N 55=;= ;;;9955

55>=5;9995 9;5 9;59;; 9;994585 999; ?9;5? ==>;5 9;

=599;;>=5? 55=>=5? 9;9;

=9949 30|

25|

20|

15|

10|

Number of Satellites/Launches| 2013 Satellite Demand Forecast 5| 2013 Launch Demand Forecast

0| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

9949 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total Average Satellite Demand 20 23 28 22 21 22 22 23 23 24 228 22.8 Launch Demand 16 18 23 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 182 18.2 Dual Launch Demand 4555454545464.6

9;;9> ;=55;;59 5;;D =;5@

4;5?99 4:=; ;5;9=5 ;9C;;:5 9;=>= 9 9D=> 5;;9; 595;95 = ;;=

95=;99; 5=9>D9958 5?>5>;9559 9;9; ;;>;95A; ;95= 59;955;55 9;5=;85 895>5?> 55=A;?=;:

HISTORY OF THE REPORT 49 >59;5 Forecast Team N55 Member ?\]^>_ 9949; Space Exploration 5995C Alan Keisner Technologies ;;5N9 Chitta Ratana Space Systems Loral D5> Chris Kunstadter XL Insurance 9;>5 Jozsef Lore The Boeing Company 5;9; 9985> Kate Maliga The Tauri Group >95C5 Pete Stier Sea Launch Rob Unverzagt The Aerospace Corporation Veronica Johnson United Launch Alliance

" 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

;=;;995 5>9 5;=995 =9> 95;9 5=995 55;55

FORECAST METHODOLOGY 9=;5=;9 =9>=>N5? ;8;9=5> 9;>59= 5;9=5>9; 5;5?;=AC5> 9;4>5= ;;9=;;9;

>;==A55 5@

Satellite Operators: X 9 =5 XE5F 59

Satellite Manufacturers: =XE5F XE5F

Launch Service Providers: 5XE5F XE5F 5XE5F

X`9595= 5

9>=5;9=5> 9;5>5E=> 55F>9C D=>59;>= E 3F;;5995 5==9 9;;9:

;5=;@

> ?5599> 49;98=55> ; => 9=5> 5

5;C95> =;9958 A=9 ; ;>9;5=9 =;5=59 >9D ;=99=5

"! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

COMSTAC COMMERCIAL GSO LAUNCH DEMAND FORECAST RESULTS

Addressable vs. Unaddressable ;55 5> >8;5> 9945 95E=F595 =9=9>5 55> 95

9;9= ;>=9 5955D==>> = ;995=985 >>>I59;5 =>95=395 9;

35| Addressable Satellites 30| Unaddressable Satellites

25|

20|

15| Number of Satellites| 10|

0| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| 2013|

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Addressable 13 16 19 17 23 22 20 15 21 20 Unaddressable 2 3 4 43231088 Total 15 19 23 21 26 24 23 25 29 28

Mass Classes ;599;9=N9 9=;9A 5999 >3 3=A Class Separated Mass Representative Satellite Bus Models Below 2,500 kg (<5,510 Lockheed Martin A-2100, Orbital GEOStar, Boeing Medium lbm) BSS-702, SSL-1300 2,500 - 4,200 kg A-2100, IAI Amos, MELCO DS-2000, GEOStar, Intermediate (5,510 - 9,260 lbm) SSL-1300, Thales SB-4000 4,200 - 5,400 kg Astrium ES-3000, BSS-702, IAI Amos, A-2100, DS- Heavy (9,260 - 11,905 lbm) 2000, GEOStar, SSL-1300, SB-4000 Above 5,400 kg (>11,905 ES-3000, BSS-702, A-2100, SSL-1300, Extra Heavy lbm) SB-4000 559;99;9> D=9>3D=9?95=9 ;9994=9; 895>C4>9; 95>;8 ;>D=9>;99= 559;99> ;9> 5?>5? >999 ;9=;9=

D>99>5 ;;=9;; 5?;;9=38

:=:95= 9595 9;5>9; 5=9;5 >D=9>===9 85;>;>=5 ;9;> D=9>;85=9;>3<D=9

:5=5 Actual Forecast 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total Mass Launched 54,867 71,441 78,988 68,114 99,601 94,670 85,681 67,554 103,595 99,133 114,535 122,633 per Year (kg) Average Mass per 4,221 4,465 4,157 4,007 4,330 4,303 4,284 4,504 4,933 4,957 4,980 4,380 Satellite (kg)

## 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

=:5=5

Total Mass Launched per Year (kg) Average Mass per Satellite (kg)

599;;= 959;=855 955EN5=9F;= =9;55;=>9 =9;>= =5>D5=9>> 55;=>=

=559N;=9 >9> ;9 === 5

>==?5 EF98;;=<> 9>EF>D>>>> ;; =9 ;

<=<9

Actual Forecast Total = ^; Total to to to 3 : < 3 : < Above 5,400 kg 36235873101211128888888 919.140% 4,201 to 5,400 kg 4 4 10 5824651445555566 464.620% 2,500 to 4,200 kg 4368795666886565666 626.227% Below 2,500 kg 2311334001043334434 292.913% Total 13 16 19 17 23 22 20 15 21 20 23 28 22 21 22 22 23 23 24 228 22.8 100%

Above 5,400 kg

4,201 to 5,400 kg

2,500 to 4,200 kg

Below 2,500 kg

Dual-Manifesting 55;;= 9=;E4F9 ;9D59 D;95 ; 95 5;; ; 955; =; 5 5; 955

5C3;=9;>95 5>999; 9999;9;3 =8=D=;=35 5 9;9>58>> 999;5=99;5 99E4>>599F> 3 9;9>5EF 5C =>5= =55;98

9;=;==5 55959= 955=>D=95=3

# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

;5=9555 59>== ;5C599;=; =;55= 995;=9> =99;=8=

=59;= ;=

=;=9

Dual-manifest Launches Single-manifest Launches (including dual-manifested Satellites addressable + unaddressable)

Near-Term Demand Forecast 5?8 5?;39; 5EF> >95H35; 89

9949;

2013 2014 2015 Total 20 23 28 Below 2,500 kg 1 0 4 DM Insat 3D Ariane 5 DM ABS 2A Falcon 9 DM ABS 3A Falcon 9 DM F4 Falcon 9 DM Satmex 7 Falcon 9 2,500 - 4,200 kg 688 DM Azersat 1 Ariane 5 DM Amazonas 4A Ariane 5 DM Turksat 5A Ariane 5 DM GSAT 7 Ariane 5 DM ARSAT 1 Ariane 5 DM Arsat 2 Ariane 5 DM Optus 10 Ariane 5 DM GSAT 11 Ariane 5 DM GSAT 18 Ariane 5 SES 8 Falcon 9 DM GSAT 16 Ariane 5 Amazonas 4B Proton Thaicom 6 Falcon 9 DM Hispasat AG1 Ariane 5 Bulsatcom Launch TBD AMOS 4 Land Launch DM Thor 7 Ariane 5 Satellite TBD* Launch TBD Turksat 4A Proton Satellite TBD* Launch TBD Turksat 4B Proton Satellite TBD* Launch TBD 4,201 - 5,400 kg 2 4 4 Anik G1 Proton DM Eutelsat 9B Ariane 5 Amos 6 Falcon 9 Eutelsat 3B Proton DM Sicral 2 Ariane 5 Eutelsat 8WB Launch TBD Asiasat 6 Falcon 9 JCSAT 14 Launch TBD Asiasat 8 Falcon 9 Satellite TBD* Launch TBD Above 5,400 kg 11 11 12 DM ABS 2 Ariane 5 DM DTV 14 Ariane 5 DM Arabsat 6E Ariane 5 DM Alphasat Ariane 5 DM DTV 15 Ariane 5 DM BADR 7 Ariane 5 DM Amazonas 3 Ariane 5 DM Intelsat 30 Ariane 5 DM Echostar 18 Ariane 5 DM Astra 5B Ariane 5 DM Measat 3B Ariane 5 DM Jabiru 1 Ariane 5 DM Eutelsat 25B Ariane 5 DM Star One C4 Ariane 5 DM NBN 1A Ariane 5 Astra 2E Proton Astra 2G Proton DM NBN 1B Ariane 5 Inmarsat 5 F1 Proton Inmarsat 5 F2 Proton DM Satellite TBD* Ariane 5 Satmex 8 Proton Inmarsat 5 F3 Proton SES 9 Falcon 9 SES 6 Proton Intelsat 31 Proton Mexsat 2 Proton Sirius FM6 Proton Mexsat 1 Proton Satellite TBD* Launch TBD Intelsat 27 Sea Launch Eutelsat 3B Sea Launch Satellite TBD* Launch TBD Satellite TBD* Launch TBD `; X`55> 5

#& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

Comparison with Previous COMSTAC Forecasts ;=55= ;8=9;; ;5=5;9% 35 ;95>5:5;8 =;

55? @

>D =H ==9;5 H ;

=95;@ 40|

35|

30|

25|

20|

15| 2000 Forecast| 2001 Forecast| 2002 Forecast| 2003 Forecast| Number of Satellites| 10| 2004 Forecast| 2005 Forecast| 2006 Forecast| 2007 Forecast| 2008 Forecast| 2009 Forecast| 5| 2010 Forecast| 2011 Forecast| 2012 Forecast| 2013 Forecast| 0| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

COMSTAC DEMAND PROJECTION VS. ACTUAL LAUNCHES REALIZED

Factors That Affect Satellite Launch Realization 9;5=9; 9; ;;;A@

Satellite technical issues:9;99;=> 55>95; =9;;; E99;5> 5>9F;5; 95=; Launch vehicle technical issues: 9; 599;=>55>95 ;99 ;= ;; =;;N>995 EF>;9>9 =9; Weather:9>==> => >==>;>= 59E;F Range availability issues: D;= 5A=99> 5>9>= Dual-manifesting:9;=N 9 ;N95 E999>;;>;;= N9F Business issues:55A>=== 9D> =9 5=9H>9D; 9 Regulatory issues:8595>=> ;N>;> 5=9=95== 859D; ; 9;5D 9

# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

Projecting Actual Satellites Launched Using a Realization Factor ;5>;9; 989; 95; ;;5 99;9>9 9?A;;95= ; 5 5

=;85A 95=9;=; ;5= > 9; ;;35 5;;9>=;<5 5 >=55>=; 59=>;; >85A;:

9;;;;@ 555 55N>95=; NC55=;

95;; 99 >A;=;935 35>=;<355 > =:535>=;<5= 99=>;> 85A;

A;5> 9;;A =>9=;A;9=

=>5;;> A=;

Historical First Year Satellite Demand Forecast Actual Satellites Launched 2013 Satellite Demand Forecast Realization Factor

FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE DEMAND 9D>=> ;;;;9 ;994>@

Demand for Satellite Services 9;==> ==>> 9>599 5=@

=A;95 99>5859==9DD ;H 959=859 9H 5;995H =;99; ;NH 59;;;59>> H 99;>> N9H =H 5;99=9559; 95H ;55>=;95; 9

#! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

Globalization 499=9D= =9;995; D5955= =5=5;995 5999 9>9D=>>9=9;

985>=9 5;=>985>95 559= 585;;;;99> =>> > >= 85;59= 5= 9 ;9>=; =9

Deregulation 85=9== 95=999D9 ;=95>;>9>95 5>=>9==>5= 95== ==>= =99EF>8 =;N59;; 5=9D5>=J= 9EF5>5> A?5A5>=59> 95A95= 8;==9D ;9;=55 8>8=>;> >9;9:5; 59=

Mobility =9;959;999 85559;9 N59= =9N 59=999 9>> >559=> ==>5 9=9>9 ;955595 5=999=>5 I5=>

;=>9= 85=49? ;9D=8>5> J>I5>>=555 =

Market Segments

Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) 9D5;9?=5 >>=5>> D;5=5A5 5=9D9;=59 5;>85; =5>=9 ;5>85;= EF>959> =;5 ;85=9=59> =>95>;9 ;95=95;9> 99D85955=D> ;;5 5;9 99=;=9> 95=9>D=; 8==;N 5=9=9;5 55559599 59;;9; 99599 999==>> 5>585= ;9 =9;5;55

Direct Broadcasting Services (DBS) =959D>= 9>95;9 >5;95=59D 95 ;C98595 55=9N; =99I5E=;= 5 9;95=>9 9;9 5>>>= 9;;95I5CD;> JCJ>=5C=M5

# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

Broadband Services 9D5=>5 9;99=5 9=99EF>>> 94CC D95=4 85959>> 999D=9C=N4 M99?> 9C9;=;94 9D>9;9> J>I5>>>=5>9D; 49;9 559D> 599= > 9

Mobile Satellite Systems (MSS) 9D9 8N= 985 =D>=D> 59=N D595= =N >;>D>5> 9CDN;

959D5;9= 5;9=959D 55538C8 59;99= 99>9; =9855;5;9 95I595= 55=9> 59

Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS) 98959=; = >=JI559 D85 >;5

99>599; 858D; ;949=>59985 999 9>5>=>55 9;95>9>=99D;98= 9==5

Impact of Hosted Payloads on the Commercial Satellite Industry 4999D5=5= ;;55855 ;59955 55 ==9599> =9=> 5>9;95; 559D>=9C;;9 9855;;995

Hurdles to the Routine Use of Commercial Hosting Lack of synchronicity between commercial and military procurement standards.99;9:9> 9;9;=9559= Hampered by U.S. governmental rules and policies. 85 =>59=;=9 5>D;; 9; ;49=995 Information security with government hosted payloads.=9 ;99 D9;9D=9 ; Budget cuts.9N =9==;95 =95=8=

Recent Strides to Help Advance Commercial Hosting Buying payloads in advance of commercial host services. > ;<; 999EF9C 559=;EF5 5;5; 5;=5599 59;=99 Pre-qualify prime contractors to supply hosting services. 59EF55= > N;599 ;;;5;N 9; 5;;> ;599>;D; 5 Disaggregation. =5;9= ;9955=5;=9 9E5F>;= 9=

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

Increase budget allocation for non-traditional commercial approaches. 55==;;=> C=N;5 9A

Impact to the Commercial Space Sector Cost savings and/or revenue generation. 9 =9=5=; 5 ;9 =5 Closing the business case.=5 595;5 955;99=55 9;995 9;5 Access to new technology. 9>55 =>;9 59;C9

99>99=;=95= 959 =55;5=5 =9>585 59599= 9=

Launch Service Providers 95=99 9D=5>8= 5=955;;=> ==9D59 9;5 59D;=5> >9;>=>95= 55

SpaceX95 ; =; =559595 =;; =9959 5;=5=95>5= =4;5 Y>3D=94;9955= 5;;=Y>D=9 4;9539 9=9;999D

ArianespaceD=9595994 9D593;85=9 5;9Y>D=9Y>D=9 3=955 5=9M99=> ;=59;:55= 5595995 959D5=5;5=999 54;9J>A55 =9;

International Launch ServicesEF5=M A5;;=c:>D=9 4;9D;395;=: 59;953>3D=9 955995 ;N9=9;9>95 J;>55=9D 9555;9 ;:55D 95859=;9; ;9C=9 YO395== 5>=;;

Sea Launch959>85; 9;=9 ;5=C 5=A>=>5=55;> 55=>5;= =9D;K== ;955; A=5K C;5:><D=9=;=9 KM99D;;=9M99 4;9D

I5==994> 9=>5> 59>Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LtdEFD5 ;C5;53> D=94D==9D 995999D5India’s Space Research OrganizationEF5 =4; 85=;54 D5;;=Y>D=94

& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

China 9=9;=> ;5D>D> 9;55; 555D=;;

Lockheed Martin=59949D =;935> D5===9 D=;;;955>= C

>=South KoreaJBrazil and UkraineD>= 9949D

Cooperation and Partnerships 55== A?55 959D 555 ;59= 59895;M 55>=MA9>M>M9> M>M4A59>MI>9;

59; ;9;?= 9D;995>95 =>9;98= 595?>= =>55=9 =;8=;= D9;=>9;N59 995==9 995=99>= N95;=5

Regulatory Environment 9;9; 95599;;=? 85=59;C55 8555 =55= ;55;9595 ;;E =95F;; 59;; 5 ;995=95;9= 9; =595 =;9943> 9=49>= 59;>99>;=> 959==85=99D85 =9595; 9;=9D59>=5 5;985;9D;9 9999> 59;C (F 99;9

; Satellite Operator Launch Vehicle Launch Date Satellite Model Apstar 6 APT Long March 4/12/2005 TAS Spacebus 4000 Chinasat 6B China Satcom Long March 7/5/2007 TAS Spacebus 4000 Chinasat 9 China Satcom Long March 6/9/2008 TAS Spacebus 4000 Palapa D1 Indosat Long March 8/31/2009 TAS Spacebus 4000 Express AM4 RSCC Proton 8/17/2011 Astrium Eurostar 3000 Eutelsat W3C Eutelsat Long March 10/7/2011 TAS Spacebus 4000 Apstar 7 APT Long March 3/31/2012 TAS Spacebus 4000 Chinasat 12 China Satcom Long March 11/27/2012 TAS Spacebus 4000

555;= 5>=>;5=A 5==;95455 ;;5=> =;;5>=5 ; =>;;; =;5=;;;= =>9;; 55

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

Financial Markets 95= 9D=98; ;=D9D8 ==; 9>==D95= =959;95= N>=95= 9N9 99559D; =9 =9D

95= 85==N =C ;=55>;9O5 O5>9;;5 5A9D5955 >= 55; 99==;95C 9;=>95C= 59D8==== 95C=D=;=== 5;59; =85 =5ND==8=5 95;; ;=;; ==

85= =5== =89D :5;99855 85989D95=555; 9==95;955>;> 5= ;==;5 85; =55;9C8 =9O=;9; 99;89D>?9= 9=955D 89D55 =;9 O395=O895; ;;55?>89D5 ;O<9;= >=5;;9>5 59=D = 99;D=D=85 =>95;5;99 5?D95>=;9ND 5D89D5O<9

=55;95 ;55C5 59==8595 =85 =;9D;9 5?=5

=;5;= ;95;= = D=55;9= 9?ND===5 ?D=8;94=>45> ;9;59==95D89== 9O9N;95N 9D=959=599 95?959 55?9=55= 9995;; =5 9;55=A>JD5 >;5=5 5=5595 =9; ;=JD55;955? 5 55;=JD>5 ;5E95F5> D559=9=;95 ;=95=55?5;D ;55995D 55N 55; =:D5 55;=55;9 O9A9

4=95=45; >;;59;5 9==9> 9D5 ;9; ;;= =;55; 5A85

! 20132013 CommercialCommercial SpaceSpace TransportationTransportation Forecasts:Forecasts: COMSTACCOMSTAC GSOGSO ForecastForecast

Space Insurance 55=95;99 9>;;5 9DA;N=;> 99;>=958= 9=>ND85>955=> =>9;95 =99559 3955= ;5 ;95= 59>9= ;=855> 9D>; 5;=55= >;=59;;5=9 >85 5>5=>;9955=9 9=;;=;> =; 9559 ;=

SUPPLEMENTARY QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS 5;N;5;955> 559N55 N;;9955C 5599;5 N5995 5;5

;==55N 9;;5D95;5= 5@

E5FEF E5F 9E=F EF =5EF EFX 59EF EAF

X`5

=5;9> 95;595 95>9=5;9 99>99D 95CC

;N=N@8 95C555= 95;=5g

;9=@ >>= 9?=5C55 ; =>= 5=;5;=9= =9555959 ==95;95 9599 =;9N9 ;95=; ;95; 5=5;=9 =

===9>5 99=; = =;5>55=9 =959555=9= =95595;9 9;5;55= 9=9595559 95> 55==95955

5 ;9 95985> 5=5995; =>3:5;=9595 55985> 5;5; 9= =955>955; 55; =>5;5==95 95<5;5; 9 ;585 D=;; ;;55 ;;M5=

# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: COMSTAC GSO Forecast

== 9= =;9 5;5859=95 ;N85>95A5 ;5>5;5 =95N5=> 5535;55; N>3:5;59=95 9=

B99 Question: “To what extent have your company’s plans to purchase or Signi Some Some Signi launch satellites been 2013 vs. Negative Negative No Effect Positive Positive positively or negatively 2012 Impact Impact Impact Impact impacted by the following variables in the past year?” Ability to compete with ^ ^ 3:^ ^ ^ terrestrial services Availability of affordable ^ ^ ^ :<^ ^ insurance ^ ^ 3:^ ^ ^ 9 Demand for satellite services ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Regional or global economic ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ conditions Consolidation of satellite ^ ^ <^ ^ ^ service providers Availability of required ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ operating licenses International or domestic ^ 3:^ ^ ^ ^ regulatory issues Availability of export licenses ^ ^ 3:^ ^ ^ Availability of launch vehicles ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ that meet your requirements Availability of satellite systems that meet your ^ ^ ^ :<^ ^ 9 requirements Reliability of launch systems ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Reliability of satellite systems ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Introduction of new satellite ^ ^ ^ 3:^ ^ technologies Introduction of new or ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ upgraded launch vehicles

2013 COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECAST FOR NON-GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS

INTRODUCTION The 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecast for Non-Geosynchronous Orbits (NGSO) 59C; ; 9955EF55?99 9;5954>= EF>99EF>5EF>8 ?EF995 >;59DD99 =899> ; 5>=9D 999> 995EF

Report Purpose and Methodology 55>49> 5;=995 =9 =5=

5 995>=5>5; 9;>5>95>=9 ; >55895=;5 5E>5>5;F ;=;@

=H =59H 5;9;=H H 95;95H 9

5 5=9> 5; 5;;;@

9999H 999=H 99=5>== 95 =H 99H and =9

=9=;95;5@ ==599

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

59;5 5?9D>;5> 9;5555 959;8=9 9>85; 9;9;5D=9 4;999 9D>;9595== 9999; 95?;99= 5 59EF; 9

Commercial NGSO Launch Industry Sectors 9;9955 ;959 =;=@995 5>9;>5> 9;

Satellite and Commercial Transportation Service Operators 5555E5;F5 9999>999=> 9>99=5 9595>9>55=9> >=5

5595>=9=>55 55>>5 5 55;5=9>;895> =49==99 99=949=5=; 95;595=9

Spacecraft Manufacturers =A595>> =9=A;5 9;55;;95>= 95A5=95;;95 9;995555>9; 59;5;5;== 95

Launch Providers 955;5; 55>=99= 5;9;E=9DF

Launch Vehicle Manufacturers =A595>=9=A> 9855=D ;=5>=>> 5;9;9 5>5;595>9D =5=9

=>995 9;9895>95 5EF585=E5F D>9;55;

=9=> >>95 8 9994 9D

& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

REPORT SUMMARY 55?=9;5 =5=95D3> <>59;9>4>5H ;N99=H; =;995=999> 5985;<>99 >=9> 59=95 C=;59;4 999959;4 5>=; 455;E5589 35F99;5 99499 =

9A>=;< 9959 5;859 995999> ;N99=5; 994=;599 95C5>9;9 >9;99 =85; =5;9>;959; 995D==; 5>; =5 5=95A

=;=9A

Small Launch Vehicles 2% Commercial Transportation

Services 57%

Other PAYLOAD VEHICLE Commercially SEGMENT Launched SIZE

Satellites 22%

Medium-to-Heavy

Launch Vehicles Test and Demo 98% Commercial Remote Sensing 2% Commercial 7% Telecommunications 12%

;5;45?;8 ;99=9D;93 55?;=95>99 =;9; 99 ===39; ;59>; 5=9;=?555H;> 55;

;99= =>99 >59=9 99>=9D>95=5; 9D99955; 9D>=35;;5>;99 9;5==9 ;999D;4>85= 5;; ;9?499>9> 4>>>5999= ;<5;9D> 9;

=8= 5E=F9955 9959

=994?

18|

16|

14|

12|

10|

17| 8| 16| 16| Launches| 14| 13| 6| 12| 12| 11| 11| 10| 10| 10| 4| 8|

5| 5| 2| 4| 3| 3| 3| 2| 0| |

2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

C55;>> 9=;5?==9 9=E;F=99 5EF9 5=99 = 559>95; =5;99 59;95 ;

;==>5 9==9D;C;99= =>=55> 599D9>99955 >= =4 895>;C99 ;>959; N=>;8 N:9E9F> 4=;5

5>95?E:F5 9 49; ;=:55?:4 ;;>55=A;> 49D> =;;; 5? ;; 5559=9 5?E<F5;9 ;95>55> 9;8=;;N 59

5?9 =;CD 5C>H=9 H59; 99 5?; =;C 5EF9 =>>9>5;9 =9;55=8Risk Factors ;55?

94;; 9 Service Type 2013 2014 2015 2016 Commercial Globalstar (6) - Soyuz 2 O3b (4) - Soyuz 2 Globalstar (6) - Soyuz 2 Iridium (10) - Falcon 9 Telecommunications O3b (4) - Soyuz 2 ORBCOMM (9) - Falcon 9 Iridium (2) - Dnepr Iridium (10) - Falcon 9 Satellites O3b (4) - Soyuz 2 Iridium (10) - Falcon 9 Iridium (10) - Falcon 9 ORBCOMM (9) - Falcon 9 Iridium (10) - Falcon 9 Commercial Remote Worldview-3 - Atlas V DMC3-1 - Dnepr EROS C - TBD Sensing Satellites DMC3-2 - Dnepr TerraSAR-NG - TBD DMC3-3 - Dnepr Commercial Cargo and Cygnus COTS Demo - Cygnus CRS Flight - Crew Test Flight - TBD Crew Test Flight - TBD Crew Transportation Antares Antares Services3 Cygnus CRS Flight - Cygnus CRS Flight - Crew Test Flight TBD Crew Test Flight - TBD Antares Antares Dragon CRS Flight - Cygnus CRS Flight - Cygnus CRS Flight - Crew Test Flight - TBD Falcon 9 Antares Antares Dragon CRS Flight - Dragon CRS Flight - Cygnus CRS Flight - Cygnus CRS Flight - Falcon 9 Falcon 9 Antares Antares Dragon CRS Flight - Dragon CRS Flight - Cygnus CRS Flight - Falcon 9 Falcon 9 Antares Dragon CRS Flight - Dragon CRS Flight - Falcon 9 Falcon 9 Dragon CRS Flight - Dragon CRS Flight - Falcon 9 Falcon 9 Dragon CRS Flight - Dragon CRS Flight - Falcon 9 Falcon 9 Other Commercially ASNARO - Dnepr Gökturk 1 - TBD INGENIO - TBD DragonLab 1 - Falcon 9 Launched Satellites CASSIOPE - Falcon 9 Formosat 5 - Falcon 9 SAOCOM 1B - Falcon 9 DubaiSat-3 - Dnepr DubaiSat 2 - Dnepr Kompsat 3A - Dnepr EnMAP - PSLV Kompsat 5 - Dnepr PAZ - Dnepr ORS-3 Enabler - Minotaur I SAOCOM 1A - Falcon 9 SWARM (3) - Rockot Technology Test Test Package - Antares Orion MPCV Demo - and Demonstration Test Package - Falcon Delta IV Heavy Launches Heavy Total Payloads 74 32 41 45 (includes secondary) Total Launches 16 14 17 16 Launch Realization 7-10 5-8 Factor Applied 945;9;95> 9;>95>=9; >55 ;9;9=;9 99=5949;; 9

! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

NGSO PAYLOAD MARKET SEGMENTS

Commercial Telecommunication Satellites 4999D= ;999A5== 99=9? =;N@ED F>ED=F>

Telecommunications Launch Demand Summary 9=<>;;4 99; >4>>9==J 5>=; 53<95 445= A;9D>JAD4> 5 95 5D39 5;5 59 ;;>99 5?;==55; 995?5

=9999?

Launches| 2| 4| 4|

1| 2| 2| 2| 2|

1| 1|

0| |

2003 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Globalstar - O3b - Globalstar - Iridium - Iridium - Soyuz 2 Soyuz 2 Soyuz 2 Falcon 9 Falcon 9 O3b - ORBCOMM - Iridium - Iridium - Iridium - Soyuz 2 Falcon 9 Dnepr Falcon 9 Falcon 9 O3b - Iridium - Iridium - Soyuz 2 Falcon 9 Falcon 9 ORBCOMM - Iridium - Falcon 9 Falcon 9

Narrowband NGSO Telecommunications Systems 9EF5;N4A 9599>9> 5==>959==;99=> D=>99=55 ;599>5AEF> 55=;5 ;55A59 5;;==

9 Satellites Number System/ Prime (on orbit/ Mass kg Orbit First Operator Contractor operational) (lb) Type Launch Status Operational System operational with 41 satellites on orbit. In 2012, a prototype second Orbital generation satellite was launched to orbit Sciences 43 (95) as a secondary payload on a Falcon ORBCOMM/ Corp. (1st Gen.); 9/Dragon ISS mission. In accordance ORBCOMM 41/27 LEO 1997 (1st Gen.); 142 (313) with ISS safety requirements, the Inc. SNC (2nd Gen.) satellite was deployed at a lower altitude (2nd Gen.) than initially planned in an effort to optimize the safety of the ISS and its crewmembers. Under Development Planned 12- to 30-satellite system, with intermittent launches based on AprizeStar availability of funding. Two satellites (LatinSat)/ are planned for launch in 2013 and two SpaceQuest 8/6 10 (22) LEO 2002 Aprize more in 2014. The company expects Satellite to continue launching two AprizeSat satellites every year or two for as long as Dnepr cluster launches are available.

# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

Wideband NGSO Telecommunications Systems 9EF;N=;: 34A E;NF9595 949 5

9 Satellites Number Prime (on orbit/ Mass kg Orbit First System/Operator Contractor operational) (lb) Type Launch Status Operational Constellation on orbit and operational, with technical anomalies. Eight replacement SS/Loral satellites launched in 2007. Eighteen second generation (1st Gen.); 447 (985) satellites launched on three Soyuz Globalstar/ Thales (1st Gen.); 68/54 LEO 1998 rockets in 2010 and 2011. Six more Globalstar Inc. Alenia 700 (1,543) second generation satellites were Space (2nd Gen.) launched aboard a Soyuz vehicle in (2nd Gen.) early 2013. Six additional satellites ordered from Thales Alenia Space in September 2012, to launch in 2015. Constellation on orbit and Motorola operational. Five spare satellites (Iridium); 680 (1,500) launched in February 2002; two Iridium/ Thales Iridium; additional spares launched June Iridium Alenia 90/72 800 (1,763) LEO 1997 2002. Next generation system Communications Space Iridium under development by Thales Inc. (Iridium NEXT Alenia Space. Multiple launches NEXT) of Iridium NEXT constellation are projected to begin in 2015.

Broadband NGSO Telecommunications Systems

9EF45=5 JJ;ND5 59; =

9 Satellites Number System/ Prime (on orbit/ Mass Orbit First Operator Contractor operational) kg (lb) Type Launch Status Under Development O3b/O3b Thales Networks Alenia 0/0 700 (1,540) MEO 2013 constellation plan to launch in 2013. Ltd. Space Four more will be deployed in 2014.

Federal Communications Commission Telecommunication Licenses 39999EF 99994 9959=5 >>4>9>;;=; 5=>59>59;=;

399 Date License Licensee Granted or Updated Remarks Authorized Orbital Communications Corporation to modify its non-voice, ORBCOMM 3/31/1998 non-geostationary mobile-satellite service system, initially licensed and authorized in 1994. Iridium Satellite Authorized Iridium to operate feeder uplinks in the 29.1-29.25 Mobile- 7/17/2001 LLC Satellite Service (MSS). Authorized Globalstar, L.P. to use spectrum in the 2 GHz band to provide Globalstar 7/17/2001 Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) from NGSO and geosynchronous satellite orbit (GSO) satellites. Iridium Satellite Granted assignment of licenses and authorizations pertaining to the 2/8/2002 LLC operation of the Iridium Mobile Satellite Service System. Globalstar 1/30/2003 !"#$&&' +:===&? Iridium Satellite ":"$"&'+:@" 6/24/2003 LLC spectrum in the 2 GHz band to provide mobile-satellite service. $"&@[@$"&[\=] Iridium Satellite ^$"&_":$"& 10/7/2003 LLC `{|&}^==_&~'?~}~'~? MHz frequency band. Globalstar 3/8/2004 International authorizations granted. Globalstar 6/24/2004 []? Iridium Satellite ":$"& 9/3/2004 LLC `{|==? @@"'~:=~"?$& AprizeStar 2010 and extended to cover AprizeSat 7 and 8 launched in 2012.

Globalstar 4>59559= 99=9D;;;= =955;=9=

4C =;3@ 5554C= =85=5995 <> 59=;;=95C C958 ;;599=59=

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

5=>4 = =59A <;;;99; 5> ; 5;;

;59>4C5 :5=>45; 959585 CEF4=9E4F =I>45= 4=;5=8=

5>=9; >4C = :> 8>9=: ;9D>JADAD=85 45= 959 N;=9;== 553= E==5F;4=59 <>49 59;

45=5;5 ;9;=9=5; 5;8= ; 9;=; 85559 >3 9;4 = health of the satellites =54 >5 $150| 5? 3 $100|

= 4C Millions| $50| ;9 : $0| == 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| >= ;9 4 =95895958

958;=59; 99;4=>4 5589585=

Iridium 999=9 99 995;<5 9999@::5;:= ;595;595 3>95 59;959;= >99 559995 99D=5559

95595;9 9 = =359 5 95J9 $500| E5;5 $400| F 5595 $300| ; $200| ;9 Millions| 955 $100| 5< E:: $0| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| : 5F= 5=3 9 55D3;9 5589<= 99=5

95=3

ORBCOMM 3>5; 3><;595 ;5955D ;5=;9 955

& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

>89 =5==5;5 5=;9 9EF> D=9; 59>8;>=5; 9

9;>85>;59 9;9>5 NEFD 9>5=D I5==D5 8; =C =E4F559

C5;5= ;= = 5;9 5EF>=5> 55C

5545 5=5599 59?;==5;> 59 ;C ==9;95;5 55;=>58 =:5 $70| = $60| $50| $40| $30| Millions| $20| $10| $0| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012|

59=5 999 594 >9;

5=:

Aprize Satellite 5A>559>5= ;=5599;99 ;=5AED 99EF=F== D=9E5F>5 5@>>>9 55 85D5 98555 99;9; ;H;>95:9 ;9 95;5 ;=>9585 =5A;=5 D 5=9;

O3b D>NI>I>> 95555; 55;=;9=5 >=9? 4995>4=>4> 5JN 999; UM3=;N 99

;;===5 5> D55 DD=599 5D45 ; >;= 5D=9995 5D95 5D99>=

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

5:99 ;H =95;A;94 A5;N5 >O<9; ;A

Telecommunications Satellite Fleet Replacement after 2022 499 9=;;;EF;E4F E:F>9?; 599H9; =4>9>8 =;9 >9; 59=;5 5==5;

9;55;4 9959=;; 3>5959 85>999=;9; ;;5 5>D5==D5>D= 9;

:99999C=; 1st Generation Satellite Design 2nd or Current Generation Satellite System Life Current Status Satellite Design Life Globalstar 7.5 years Most of the satellites on orbit, partially operational 15 years 10 years (design), Iridium 5 years Most of the satellites on orbit, operational 15 years (projected) ORBCOMM 4 years Most of the satellites on orbit, operational More than 5 years 8 on orbit, 6 in service, launching more to complete Aprize Satellite N/A 10 years system O3b Network N/A Under construction 10 years

COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES 9=;5;95 =;==5>9> 9=>9=9=95 9D@9=>9=>==5;99 E4F4;9=;9;= ;;9>9A=4 =5;9;9 =

999=9D;95 555 9==9= ;=9;99> =9;=9;999 =95;D55=5= 85=5 59> 9559=54

Remote Sensing Launch Demand Summary 999=A 59;999= D5=;5=; 55D9;3> = 5?59;5=<5 5?5;999= =<999=?

2| Launches| 3| 3|

1| 2| 2|

1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1|

0| | | | | |

2003 2004 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017 2018 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022| 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2020 Worldview-3 - DMC3-1 - EROS C - Rapideye - RCM-1 - TBD GeoEye-2 - Atlas V Dnepr TBD TBD Atlas V DMC3-2 - TerraSar-NG - Dnepr TBD DMC3-3 - Dnepr

! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

Licenses issued by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 959EF 999=99 =;<9= 9;= =4>4>595> ;9E

455> 9=;5;9E =F>;5; 9>; 5;D; 599 ;5>999=9

999=95;5 E3F595> >;5?; 5;5E:F59== ;5=

9?955=5=49= =5 D99 999=9 Highest Revisit Mass kg Resolution Time Launch System Operator Manufacturer Satellites (lb) (m) (hrs.) Year Operational & Under Development DMC DMC3 International SSTL DMC3 1-3 350 (771) 1 24 2014 Imaging Ltd. EROS A 280 (617) 1.5 2000 ImageSat Israel Aircraft EROS EROS B 350 (771) 0.7 24-288 2006 International Industries EROS C 350 (771) 0.7 2016 General Dynamics GeoEye-1 907 (2,000) 0.41 50-199 2008 GeoEye DigitalGlobe Lockheed GeoEye-2 2,087 (4,601) 0.34 50-199 2016 Martin Lockheed IKONOS DigitalGlobe IKONOS 816 (1,800) 1 <72 1999 Martin PlanetIQ PlanetIQ TBD PlanetIQ 1-12 75 (165) N/A N/A TBD Ball QuickBird DigitalGlobe QuickBird 909 (2,004) 0.6 60-134 2001 Aerospace RADARSAT-1 2,750 (6,050) 8 48-72 1995 RADARSAT MDA MDA RADARSAT-2 2,195 (4,840) 3 48-72 2007 RCM 1,200 (2,645) TBD TBD 2018 RapidEye RapidEye MDA RapidEye 1-5 150 (330) 6.5 24 2008 AG SkyBox SkyBox SkySat-1 91 (200) <1 2013 SkySat <24 Imaging Imaging SkySat-2 91 (200) <1 2014 TerraSAR-X TerraSAR-X 1,023 (2,255) 3 264 2007 BMBF/DLR/ and Astrium TanDEM-X 1,023 (2,255) 0.5 264 2010 Astrium TanDEM-X TerraSAR-NG TBD TBD TBD 2015 WorldView-1 2,500 (5,510) 0.5 41-130 2007 Ball WorldView DigitalGlobe WorldView-2 2,800 (6,175) 0.5 26-89 2009 Aerospace WorldView-3 2,800 (6,175) 0.5 TBD 2014

&# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

DigitalGlobe >=499=9 =545N=9> 9559==545 =9==9=4> I>>=45 9=@ J>4>BD>>= >955> >9 9==; 5=95>8= 5;=4C999==> 4>>95855 =595=5

=4C >BD>5? 5=85 ;;5=4C> >85;5;N ; N;>5

45==E4F5; 59;=;=4E=;9 4F>4=44 5O<35; 5=984C59=;9 55=;999 =5I>5 =>=4459=> 595I9= 5845= =5

DMC International Imaging 9==>EF>J=9> 5=EF ;=EF

95;;=EF>E?=F> =E=>=>F>5E9F>DEF> J=9EJJF ;<D9E39FC5955 9=;99955

9;5:> =EF; > ==C= 99;

I>= 5=95EF9== 5 99=5=5= 9>=9;> 5;;3 5959;995 9==

BMBF/DLR/Astrium 9;5= 5555=949 ;E99;==H F>495EF99=9D 94;9>=5 =>>9>99= ;9;;5=9D5 4=;95=9 49;9

5<55 99=;=999 ;49C=EF; 5EF;=; 5=3

99;=; =9EF> 55=999 =9EF5 ;;>= ? 8595

D9=; =;> 4>5;3 >=995

5;=5=>9=8 =;9;95 59 >9=;9; 85; 9955

& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

ImageSat International NV 9=>;5<>; 95>5999 9=9EF;9; D99=95>9=C9?9 =959; >559==9

9=5> 99 5>;5? ;: 5

;== >9 5589E:F9

MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates >>EF=99 ;9955=599 =9=A95995 ;=5;95;9= 9D ;9995;99

5=EF5> 55549; 9>3> 9A9 9><

55>49;> =>55 EF>A5;9= 5;5=9>;;95 I>=O<:9; >5;

9;>D=9E>:5F ==>

PlanetIQ B>>55955; >9>5N9 N559==H>9 9===;45 5;5=985 O:9>=;= ==> ;BC;

RapidEye 5N>49; 89=>>955 959=5> 5=3958A959= 59;9>5;=959 J

55;9 D>JAD=> 85 95=;=5;9;

=5=;8=;>5 5

Skybox Imaging D89==>>>;> 999=95 ;D5>>559 >D5 5 9;5?5 D89;5 5;N59=

D5= D>99;5> ;A

&& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

COMMERCIAL CARGO AND CREW TRANSPORTATION SERVICES 99=5599 ;=95 >99= 5C59>> 9959;; 9995 =H9=== ;>89A>5 =H5 ;;9

Commercial Cargo and Crew Transportation Services Launch Demand Summary ;5?;9>95: C5 =;9 ;C =N= 999E3

99=59D53<5; 5;99===5 >89A9>59>9 ;=< D> 5;5555; 5?5C5;99= =55? 5;995 =99=5 ?

10|

5| 9| Launches| 4| 8| 8| 8| 8| 8| 8| 8|

3| 5| 2| 4|

1| 2| 1| 0|

2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

=;99= =;9 =;C> =

=;>99

Crew Crew Test Crew Test Crew Test Crew Crew Crew Crew Crew Crew Test Crew Test Crew Test Crew Cargo Crew Crew Crew SpaceX Crew Test Crew Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo SpaceX SpaceX SpaceX SpaceX Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo SpaceX SpaceX SpaceX SpaceX Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Orbital Orbital SpaceX SpaceX Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo SpaceX Orbital Orbital Orbital Orbital Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo SpaceX SpaceX Orbital Orbital Orbital Orbital Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo Cargo 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Commercial Orbital Transportation Service Mission ISS Commercial Resupply Service Mission Future ISS Cargo Delivery Commercial Crew Development Flight Future ISS Crew Delivery \^&_ @=>>>=9@EF

NASA COTS :>5=9; 599;99=59 5=9EF;=5=9O9 >559 =5;5=5; 99

;>595 95=9 =5;C;== >=N9;;=D =;5>; 599C995; 9

NASA CRS >55 O:; ==3> O; ==955 ==>;;5C= 55=C55999;; 95;99N>5589 899= =85=

& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

NASA Commercial Crew 99959;55> 9959EF;;O3 9;99;= ;59;99555 =5=>=> =5595>5> EF

>;95;;;>= 9955995 D;;;;99 5595>9==59; 995;=>=> 5>5=O39 >;=959 ;9;9955H 9EJF>5=9H8 9A>

>85;9959> 99=5EF ;C59;=59 585= 9;99 59=>5>5 =O85>9> O9 EF=> >5>;95D ;=5;;9

85995= <> =5 =C 5955=95 =3 >5=9;=CN 59;5;

99= Year of Space Value of Space Program Act Agreement Act Agreement Companies Vehicles and Technologies COTS 2006 $396 million SpaceX Dragon COTS 2006 $207 million Kistler5 K-1 COTS 2008 $288 million Orbital Cygnus CRS 2008 $1.6 billion SpaceX ^~'\_ CRS 2008 $1.9 billion Orbital @"^\_ Sierra Nevada CCDev 2010 $20 million Dream Chaser Corp. CCDev 2010 $18 million Boeing CST-100 United Launch CCDev 2010 $6.7 million Atlas V human rating Alliance (ULA) CCDev 2010 $3.7 million Blue Origin Launch abort systems CCDev 2010 $1.4 million Paragon Space Life support CCDev2 2011 $112.9 million Boeing CST-100 design maturation Sierra Nevada Dream Chaser design CCDev2 2011 $105.6 million Corp. maturation CCDev2 2011 $75 million SpaceX Crewed Dragon development CCDev2 2011 $22 million Blue Origin Launch abort systems CCDev2 2011 Unfunded ULA Atlas V human rating CCDev2 2011 Unfunded ATK/Astrium Liberty development CCDev2 2011 Unfunded Excalibur Almaz Spacecraft development CCiCAP 2012 $460 million Boeing CST-100 crewed maturation CCiCAP 2012 $440 million SpaceX Crewed Dragon maturation Sierra Nevada Dream Chaser crewed CCiCAP 2012 $212.5 million Corp. maturation CPC 2012 $10 million Boeing @@ Sierra Nevada CPC 2012 $10 million @@ Corp. CPC 2012 $10 million SpaceX @@

3<>95=9J95C ;

Bigelow Aerospace =55=5= 855=55;55 =9959 5 =9=5 555;>44>55 :<>5=5 9=== 9

&! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

=5;=;859 5 >955=>;; 9;999;58 95D=9@q95C> >9>5=>9; 9>=85EF>= 5 ;9;>=5 O<95>= 5 =3;9 =95>99= 5;95;9;995 98>;;>? ;95=

=5595 999;=9D= 55>=55 =?9D=;;;;5C= 5=== =5=999;= 5=>95>=9> >>=5>I5>J=9> =59585 =9;=595C>3<N; A;=5;;>33 N;

>85;= => 5D 955> =5=5> 9=5

Excalibur Almaz, Limited 89A>9EF>;95>9; =955=9D9A9 ;5EF59A 59;DD ;N5599= =

==;;99 5>5;>9 95 95;9=55> =;>9N9> 95;; 9>

I>955;5=;9 >D=O339= =;9A == =;N;35; 5ACD5 E=5;9AF>9> I5595

;C59;> 9;99>== = 55> >95

Inspiration Mars 59=5; 9;5?9D=; 5=9 3

95555D;9 9D9;95595D= >;995>= 5

595;9 59; >=9;= 55=> 95 5

Other Sources of Future Launch Demand >:>45D 895;995 ;;9>=; ;9>995 ;

Planetary Resources 5>>>95;95 ;K99> 59;9 =9=4 ;D55=4C 5999 = 9=:

'# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

The B612 Foundation :5 =A 95>995;9 ;?;= ;C9;9: 859 5;55 99;5D <

Golden Spike 45D95;9;;5985 ;;95C5;9 9;> ;9I544; 45D9 ;5;9O; 9>O:;=9N9 45D5499;=;

OTHER COMMERCIALLY LAUNCHED SATELLITES 59=9 995 >> =9=99995 99;>9> 5=995

55>99 == 55 99> 959955;9D;99 5=9499 =5=9 9= 9; 994

Other Commercially Launched Satellites Demand Summary 9DA;9E:F 9;55 9 =;=5 5<>55;;=95? 55 ;=;;:

=55?59; 99

==;>;;>> 4DD;=5>;J3>> >;95 =5 >5=985;5 55=

9>>=; DC4DD9=59;4DD >4DD 5D9>=59 ;;>9;4DD;9; 994= 95;=5;

' 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

=99?

Launches| 3| 6| 6| 6| 5| 2| 4| 4| 3| 3| 3| 3| 3| 1| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 2| 1| 1| 0| | | | | | |

2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008 2009 2010| 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015 2016 2017 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022 2013 2014 2015 2016 ASNARO 1 - Dnepr Formosat 5 - INGENIO - TBD DragonLab 1 - Falcon 9 Falcon 9 CASSIOPE - Falcon Gökturk 1 - TBD SAOCOM 1B - DubaiSat-3 - TBD 9 Falcon 9 DubaiSat-2 - Dnepr Kompsat 3A - Dnepr EnMAP - PSLV Kompsat 5 - Dnepr PAZ - Dnepr ORS-3 Enabler - SAOCOM 1A - Minotaur I Falcon 9 SWARM (3) - Rockot

895;9=99;; ;@

ASNARO 1:9=;I5 ;9>>9;55 95EF5?9;D=9E 5F5

CASSIOPE:>9>585 EF5;>9;> 59;3 D=9E>5F5N;=5;9 5959> 5

DragonLab:= =;=5; ;99955; 9=; 5A5A8595; 8555 =95=:

DubaiSat-2, -3:9=>;99 ;=> 59599;5 :9;D=9 E::5F595; 5

EnMAP:495=>>55 5;:5;9; D=9E><:5F=;=59> ==>;>>===55 9985

FORMOSAT-5:939; 9;33D=9E>3<5F> N5555;9=9; 5555599= 9E:3;F959=9 E;F

Gökturk-1:4DD5; D;; 95A9; 5?9;53>D=9E> 5F8599

INGENIO:4 55 95= 5995 =9==;55955=> 5=>=>9=9>99=> D;9=9;53 99

KOMPSAT-3A:DJC>J 9=;59 599=>=;95=9= JCJ5EJF5= J>5

KOMPSAT-5:J3>D=9E>:5F 5;9=;>5 ;=9;5 59=59;==5;9 55>99=>5J 59;59;> 55;5=

'& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

ORS-3 Enabler:9;55 5EF5=958595D= 9=;? 5DD==99 9=; = 9=9 89;

PAZ:K55 5;5=95 9=?;;;> 99=> 5;;C> ;9955K 5

SAOCOM-1A, -1B: 5;=CT 99EF5=95? 5;9;9=9=9 5=9=>5 >9=9 =D9=> >995;9; 9=9=95 3>5

SWARM 1, 2, 3:; =95D=;C95 995 ;9= ;C9= ;95 D>;9 9;=;

Method for Forecasting Launch Demand ;9;5 55 5545 9=; =5 5?E;5>FN= 9595555= 55 ==<>9>; 9D;5?99== 9=; 5>;9=5>;N> 955;=9=9 99=>5;5 =;;; 9;9

TECHNOLOGY TEST AND DEMONSTRATION LAUNCHES =955;C ===9 59>> >99>;;= =955 ;;;

=55?5;= 9

==9?

Launches| 2|

1| 2|

1| 1| 1| 1| 1|

0| | | | |

2003| 2004| 2005 2006| 2007| 2008 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019 2020| 2021| 2022|

2013 2014 Test Package - Antares Orion MPCV - Delta IV Heavy Test Package - Falcon Heavy

;=;C> 5>>9 =;5C >5;5 =9;5 EF>5

' 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

MICROSATELLITES =959A 5;==D=9>D;9> 5>5=;99

9 Class Name Kilograms (kg) Pounds (lb) Femto : > 9 :> >>::

5;9>9> 5 >;> ;599>9> ;99;;99 99>> 5==D5

A piggyback payload5;5 =85D5;=D= ;5==D5==D= 555;= =595

>9999 ;999 EF

>9?;9;=9 9>9D9E =F5=5; = 9=>5;I5J 59

9 Pico- and Type of Launch Microsatellites Nanosatellites Femtosatellites 99 :3 99 Total Payloads Launched 175 122 2

= Commercial 2%

University Commercial 13% 13% Civil 27%

Military MICRO- NANO- 21% SATELLITES SATELLITES

Military Civil 9% University 53% 62%

99 995>5= 5;955 5 == 9; >9;985 ;>85;;99 9D9=99 9E9999F 55>=5; 9

>;9 E=F5>5 99> >;5 5>EF>EF>EF>= E5F99

Other: 8% Ariane 5: 6% Vega: Taurus: 2% 6% Atlas V: 9% Vega: 1% Atlas V: 2% Delta II: 4% Soyuz: 2% Soyuz: 8% Delta IV: 1% Space Delta II: 5% Shuttle: 5%

Space Shuttle: 3% Rockot: 5% Rockot: 3% Dnepr: MICRO- Dnepr: 22% NANO- 18% PSLV: 7% SATELLITES SATELLITES PSLV: 16% Pegasus XL: 3% Minotaur IV: 3% Falcon 1: 2% Falcon 1: 3% M-V: 2% Minotaur 1: 4% Falcon 9: 1% Falcon 9: 7% Minotaur IV: 2% H-II: 5% Long March: Minotaur 1: 4% 6% Cosmos: Long March: 2% H-II: 10% 12% Cosmos: 2%

'! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

Cubesats=5;9 99A9=88 9==D=9>DEF 95EF 99;889EF889 EF>5;;;;9 >=59;5>>9 <3>5589>3 5;55

=5 5;9=9 ;99 =A=5;99 5>=9599 =5=9895>5;9; 5N;N59;;=

;A>;5;9?; 9>;5D= 5=;N= ;;>9 >=9=95=

>;EF 5=959=;5== 555==A5=9 ;==599 ;49=99 D99

99>=4 ==5D=985 =N;D;9J=;> ;;55=45? = =:

9;55>= 9999E=>5AF9 =E=>5F>59;= 9>5;=55> 999==9>9 ; >99>9= 55

558599;45 99=;55 9>=;=>9; 999

SATELLITE AND LAUNCH FORECAST TRENDS =>;5 ><< 9959;994 ;8853< 59;99485 = 9?499 599=559 99=

9><55?99>= 99;=5?95C 5>5?;99;9= 355?;9 55 9;5;=9

80| Commercial Telecommunications 70| Commercial Remote Sensing Commercial Cargo and Crew 60| Transportation Services Other Commercially Launched Satellites Technology Test and Demonstration 50|

40| Satellites| 30|

20|

10|

0| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

=3?

18| Commercial Telecommunications Commercial Remote Sensing 16| Commercial Cargo and Crew Transportation Services 14| Other Commercially Launched Satellites Technology Test and Demonstration 12|

10|

8| Launches|

0| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

? 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total Avg. Payloads Commercial 251528322000000120 12.0 Telecommunications Commercial Remote 123253010017 1.7 Sensing Commercial Cargo and Crew 458888988874 7.4 Transportation Services Other Commercially 42 9 2 3 11 12 11 11 11 11 123 12.3 Launched Satellites Technology Test and 21000000003 0.3 Demonstration Total Satellites 74 32 41 45 44 23 20 20 19 19 337 33.7 Launches Medium-to-Heavy 14 14 17 15 13 12 11 11 10 10 127 12.7 Vehicles Small Vehicles 20010000003 0.3 Total Launches 16 14 17 16 13 12 11 11 10 10 130 13.0

;5;58; 995>9; D5595 =9;=?555

99;5; 89;55 999=559;9 =5

5;;9999 55>4> 5D;99;93 <9599 ;;9>;59 95

999=A 59>55; 99D5D9;853> =5?59;5

=9=9;5; 8>=;= 99@C>5C> C;

9= 9949D= 9;95==D 5>9999>9>99 A; 9=4 9999=; A==;9E5AF9EF9 E4>9>F>D=9>= 9;49955893>D=9> 94= = 5;=5D=>> 859;D 9;58

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

;9;

Mass Class Mass Class Weight 2013 2014 Total Percent of Total Femto, Pico, Nano, 0.01-200 kg 38 7 45 42% Micro (0.02-441 lbs) 200-600 kg Mini 15 11 26 25% (441-1,323 lbs) 600-1,200 kg Small 14 6 20 19% (1,323-2,646 lbs) Medium, 1,200-4,200 kg 3588% Intermediate (2,646-9,259 lbs) 4,200-5,400 kg Large 0000% (9,259-11,905 lbs) > 5,400 kg Heavy, Extra Heavy 4377% (> 11,905 lbs) Total 74 32 106 100%

5?>95=9< 99=>D59 <99 595;999

99=95 =:9;99= 95C;>;99 =99=; 9955==D5 =D59;9; 55=9959;>= 5999999>9 H9955 =9;=5E=>95 9=9==;= 5=9DCF995E5= >995=>9F;;= D=5==;5 ==9; D= =;59=A5

=:?

20| Medium to Heavy (>2,268 kg LEO) 18| Small (<2,268 kg LEO) 16|

14|

12|

10| 14| Launches| 17| 15| 8| 14| 13| 6| 12| 11| 11| 10| 10| 4|

2| 2| 1| 0| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| 2018| 2019| 2020| 2021| 2022|

;5?9;99 @D;; 9>>9 =8599

995N395 9;85?9; ;99599 =9<>5995 5;N99 99=998;99 9>955;N9; 9999=5? =999

5;9=9D=9

;9=D=9 Launch Demand Medium-to- Market Segment Payloads Small Heavy Total Commercial Telecommunications 120 0 15 15 Commercial Remote Sensing 17 1 8 9 Commercial Cargo and Crew 74 0 74 74 Transportation Services Other Commercially Launched 123 2 27 29 Satellites Technology Test and 3033 Demonstration Total 337 3 127 130

& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

Launch Vehicles Typically Used for NGSO Missions =;5>=; ;9D=499 59>

>5=== =; >C9=== = > =C >D9955= ;>85= ;5=4=99; :

5>5C9=5;9 = D=9=:>9 ;;99 ;85 ;5I55=59 >J5J5 9>9>5D J5EJF ; I>=>=;5= >59>D>D

8598 %>5>=:%99 9594>5D=9 ;9=5D=9; =5>99D9 85;999;> >9949=5==D 5=>=99 9D;9;5

RISK FACTORS THAT AFFECT SATELLITE AND LAUNCH DEMAND 95?9;585 =95=9; ;; ;A >5>

Financial Uncertainty U.S. national and global economy:=9 ;=859D9> D8== ;9;85=9D5 49;5= D==;=;; 8=>> ^_;;;=;9 D5;=5 49> ;;4999 Business case changes: 585 =;>==>N=5= 9;==>; ;;;99 Corporate mergers: 9==;99599D D;559 ;95=>9=5 955=;D 9 Terrestrial competition: 95995 ==>599 = 59= 959=5;59 58;=>>=; 5=>5;= 9D9ND9=; ;9

Political Uncertainty Increase in government purchases of commercial services: ;>=95=95 ;99995895> 5= 9=;9995 Regulatory and political changes:8595>=> =>=N95= 5=9495== 859; 5D=9 ;5=9= 5>855=> 5;;9

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: FAA NGSO Forecast

Increase in government missions open to launch services competition: 9=9D5 559> 95;9;99>9 9=95 5;=5595> 9;5=95

Technical Uncertainty Satellite lifespan: 5=; =5;59; 9;;59 ;9=59;8=49= =59N5599 Need for replacement satellites:=9== ;5>5;=;;9H 559=5 895=9= 999=895;; Launch vehicle technical issues:9; 599;=>55>95 859;; ;5 =;;N9 95 E;895>F> 9=9= Satellite technical issues:9;9;> 55>95; D;99 99589>=>;; ;5 E;895>99 5=F; 5;95=; Multi-manifesting: 9;=>9;> 5=9 9599;== Weather: 9>==> => >==>>= 59E;F Failure of orbiting satellites:955>; ;=N==5= 99;;9D> 9;554 Orbital debris and collision avoidance:=> ?9 =5;=D9

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! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts

APPENDICES

Image credit: Sierra Nevada Corporation

APPENDIX 1: HISTORICAL GSO SATELLITES AND LAUNCHES

;99;9 =3; ;9:

3994EF 1993 1994 1995 Total Launches 8 14 17 Total Satellites 10 18 18 Over 5,400 kg 00 0 (>11,905 lbm) 4,200 - 5,400 kg 00 0 (9,260 - 11,905 lbm) 2,500 - 4,200 kg 69 14 (5,510 - 9,260 lbm) Astra 1C Ariane 4 Astra 1D Ariane 4 Astra 1E Ariane 4 DM2 DBS 1 Ariane 4 Intelsat 702 Ariane 4 DBS 3 Ariane 4 Galaxy 4 Ariane 4 DM2 PAS 2 Ariane 4 Intelsat 706 Ariane 4 Intelsat 701 Ariane 4 PAS 3 Ariane 4 NSTAR a Ariane 4 DMU Solidaridad 1 Ariane 4 DM4 Solidaridad 2 Ariane 4 PAS 4 Ariane 4 Telstar 401 Atlas II Telstar 402 Ariane 4 Telstar 402R Ariane 4 DBS 2 Atlas II AMSC 1 Atlas II Intelsat 703 Atlas II Galaxy 3R Atlas II Optus B3 Long March 2E Intelsat 704 Atlas II Intelsat 705 Atlas II JCSat 3 Atlas II APStar 2 Long March 2E Asiasat 2 Long March 2E EchoStar 1 Long March 2E Below 2,500 kg 49 4 (<5,510 lbm) DM1 Insat 2B Ariane 4 DM3 Brazilsat B1 Ariane 4 DM1 Brazilsat B2 Ariane 44 DM1 Hispasat 1B Ariane 4 DM2 BS-3N Ariane 4 DM1 Hot Bird 1 Ariane 44 DM2 Thaicom 1 Ariane 4 DM1 Eutelsat II F5 Ariane 4 DMU Insat 2C Ariane 44 NATO 4B Delta II DM4 Thaicom 2 Ariane 4 Koreasat 1 Delta II DM1 TurkSat 1A Ariane 4 DM3 TurkSat 1B Ariane 4 Orion 1 Atlas II Galaxy 1R Delta II APStar 1 Long March 3 ` v`9;895@5>> `9 9=

# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: Appendix

3994EFEF

1996 1997 1998 Total Launches 21 24 19 Total Satellites 25 28 23 Over 5,400 kg 000 (>11,905 lbm) 4,200 - 5,400 kg 000 (9,260 - 11,905 lbm) 2,500 - 4,200 kg 14 21 14 (5,510 - 9,260 lbm) DM3 Arabsat 2A Ariane 4 DMU Hot Bird 3 Ariane 4 DM4 Afristar Ariane 4 DM4 Arabsat 2B Ariane 4 Intelsat 801 Ariane 4 DM3 Eutelsat W2 Ariane 4 EchoStar 2 Ariane 4 Intelsat 802 Ariane 4 Hot Bird 4 Ariane 4 Intelsat 707 Ariane 4 Intelsat 803 Ariane 4 PAS 6B Ariane 4 Intelsat 709 Ariane 4 Intelsat 804 Ariane 4 PAS 7 Ariane 4 MSAT 1 Ariane 4 JCSat 5 Ariane 4 Satmex 5 Ariane 4 NSTAR b Ariane 4 PAS 6 Ariane 4 ST 1 Ariane 4 DM2 Palapa C2 Ariane 4 DM4 Sirius 2 Ariane 4 Hot Bird 5 Atlas II DM1 PAS 3R Ariane 4 DM2 Thaicom 3 Ariane 4 Intelsat 805 Atlas II AMC 1 Atlas II AMC 3 Atlas II Intelsat 806 Atlas II Hot Bird 2 Atlas II DirecTV 6 Atlas II Galaxy 10 Delta III Palapa C1 Atlas II EchoStar 3 Atlas II Astra 2A Proton K/DM Intelsat 708 Long March 3B Galaxy 8i Atlas II EchoStar 4 Proton K/DM Astra 1F Proton K/DM JCSat 4 Atlas II PAS 8 Proton K/DM Superbird C Atlas II Agila II Long March 3B APStar 2R Long March 3B Aatra 1G Proton K/DM Asiasat 3 Proton K/DM PAS 5 Proton K/DM Telstar 5 Proton K/DM Below 2,500 kg 11 7 9 (<5,510 lbm) DM2 Amos 1 Ariane 4 DM1 AMC 2 Ariane 4 DM4 AMC 5 Ariane 4 DMU Italsat 2 Ariane 4 DM2 BSat 1A Ariane 4 DM1 Brazilsat B3 Ariane 4 DM1 Measat 1 Ariane 4 DM4 Cakrawarta 1 Ariane 4 DM2 BSat 1B Ariane 4 DM4 Measat 2 Ariane 4 DM3 Inmarsat 3F4 Ariane 4 DM1 Inmarsat 3F5 Ariane 4 DM3 TurkSat 1C Ariane 4 DM3 Insat 2D Ariane 4 DM2 NileSat 101 Ariane 4 Inmarsat 3F1 Atlas II DM1 Nahuel 1A Ariane 4 DM3 Sirius 3 Ariane 4 Inmarsat 3F3 Atlas II Thor II Delta II Bonum 1 Delta II Galaxy 9 Delta II Skynet 4D Delta II Koreasat 2 Delta II Thor III Delta II APStar 1A Long March 3 Inmarsat 3F2 Proton K/DM

` v`9;895@5>> `9 9=

3994EFEF

1999 2000 2001 Total Launches 18 20 12 Total Satellites 19 24 14 Over 5,400 kg 00 0 (>11,905 lbm) 4,200 - 5,400 kg 24 5 (9,260 - 11,905 lbm) Galaxy 11 Ariane 4 Anik F1 Ariane 4 DirecTV 4S Ariane 4 Orion 3 Delta III PAS 1R Ariane 5 Intelsat 901 Ariane 4 Garuda 1 Proton K/DM Intelsat 902 Ariane 4 Thuraya 1 Sea Launch XM Rock Sea Launch XM Roll Sea Launch 2,500 - 4,200 kg 16 14 6 (5,510 - 9,260 lbm) AMC 4 Ariane 4 DM1 Asiastar 1 Ariane 5 Atlantic Bird 2 Ariane 4 DM1 Arabsat 3A Ariane 4 DM3 Astra 2B Ariane 5 Turksat 2A Ariane 4 Insat 2E Ariane 4 Europe*Star 1 Ariane 4 DM2 Artemis Ariane 5 Koreasat 3 Ariane 4 Eutelsat W1R Ariane 4 DM1 Eurobird Ariane 5 Orion 2 Ariane 4 Galaxy 10R Ariane 4 Astra 2C Proton K/DM Telkom Ariane 4 Galaxy IVR Ariane 4 PAS 10 Proton K/DM Telstar 7 Ariane 4 NSat 110 Ariane 4 Echostar 5 Atlas II Superbird 4 Ariane 4 Eutelsat W3 Atlas II Echostar 6 Atlas II JCSat 6 Atlas II Hispasat 1C Atlas II Asiasat 3S Proton K/DM Eutelsat W4 Atlas III Astra 1H Proton K/DM AAP 1 Proton K/DM LMI 1 Proton K/DM AMC 6 Proton K/DM Nimiq Proton K/DM PAS 9 Sea Launch Telstar 6 Proton K/DM DirecTV 1R Sea Launch Below 2,500 kg 16 3 (<5,510 lbm) DM1 Skynet 4E Ariane 4 DM2 Brazilsat B4 Ariane 4 DMU Skynet 4F Ariane 4 DM2 Nilesat 102 Ariane 4 DM1 BSat 2A Ariane 5 DM3 AMC 7 Ariane 5 DM2 BSat 2B Ariane 5 DM4 AMC 8 Ariane 5 DM4 Astra 2D Ariane 5 DM1 Insat 3B Ariane 5 ` v`9;895@5>> `9 9=

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: Appendix

3994EFEF

2002 200 3 2004 Total Launches 20 12 13 Total Satellites 22 15 13 Over 5,400 kg 003 (>11,905 lbm) Anik F2 Ariane 5 Intelsat X Proton M DirecTV 7S Sea Launch 4,200 - 5,400 kg 954 (9,260 - 11,905 lbm) Intelsat 904 Ariane 4 Intelsat 907 Ariane 4 Amazonas Proton M Intelsat 905 Ariane 4 DM2 Optus C1 Ariane 5 Eutelsat W3A Proton M Intelsat 906 Ariane 4 Rainbow 1 Atlas V APStar V Sea Launch NSS 6 Ariane 4 EchoStar 9 Sea Launch Estrela do Sul Sea Launch NSS 7 Ariane 4 Thuraya 2 Sea Launch Astra 1K Proton K/DM Echostar 8 Proton K/DM Intelsat 903 Proton K/DM Galaxy 3C Sea Launch 2,500 - 4,200 kg 11 6 4 (5,510 - 9,260 lbm) Insat 3C Ariane 4 DM1 Insat 3A Ariane 5 Superbird 6 Atlas II DM1 JCSat 8 Ariane 4 DM3 Insat 3E Ariane 5 MBSat Atlas III DMU Atlantic Bird 1 Ariane 5 Asiasat 4 Atlas III AMC 16 Atlas V DMU Hotbird 7 Ariane 5 HellasSat Atlas V AMC 15 Proton M DM2 Stellat 5 Ariane 5 AMC 9 Proton K/M Hispasat 1D Atlas II Galaxy 13 Sea Launch Echostar 7 Atlas III Hotbird 6 Atlas V Eutelsat W5 Delta IV DirecTV 5 Proton K/DM Nimiq 2 Proton M Below 2,500 kg 242 (<5,510 lbm) DM1 Astra 3A Ariane 4 DM2 Bsat 2C Ariane 5 AMC 10 Atlas II DM2 NSTAR c Ariane 5 DM3 e-Bird 1 Ariane 5 AMC 11 Atlas II DM1 Galaxy 12 Ariane 5 Amos 2 Soyuz

` v`9;895@5>> `9 9=

3994EFEF

2005 2006 2007 Total Launches 15 15 12 Total Satellites 16 19 18 Over 5,400 kg 62 3 (>11,905 lbm) DM1 Spaceway 2 Ariane 5 DM2 Satmex 6 Ariane 5 DM3 Spaceway 3 Ariane 5 Thaicom 4 Ariane 5 DM3 DirecTV 9S Ariane 5 DirecTV 10 Proton M Inmarsat 4F1 Atlas V NSS 8 Sea Launch IA 8 Sea Launch Inmarsat 4F2 Sea Launch Spaceway 1 Sea Launch 4,200 - 5,400 kg 49 6 (9,260 - 11,905 lbm) AMC 12 Proton M DM4 Wildblue 1 Ariane 5 DM2 Astra 1L Ariane 5 AMC 23 Proton M Astra 1KR Atlas V DM1 Skynet 5A Ariane 5 Anik F1R Proton M Hotbird 8 Proton M DM5 Skynet 5B Ariane 5 XM 3 Sea Launch Measat 3 Proton M Nigcomsat Long March 3B Echostar 10 Sea Launch Anik F3 Proton M Galaxy 16 Sea Launch SES Sirius 4 Proton M JCSat 9 Sea Launch Koreasat 5 Sea Launch XM 4 Sea Launch 2,500 - 4,200 kg 36 5 (5,510 - 9,260 lbm) Insat 4A Ariane 5 DM1 Hotbird 7A Ariane 5 DM2 Galaxy 17 Ariane 5 DMU XTAR-EUR Ariane 5 DMU JCSat 10 Ariane 5 DM1 Insat 4B Ariane 5 DirecTV 8 Proton M DM1 Spainsat Ariane 5 DM6 RASCOM 1 Ariane 5 DM2 Thaicom 5 Ariane 5 DM5 Star One C1 Ariane 5 Arabsat 4A Proton M JCSat 11 Proton M Arabsat 4B Proton M Below 2,500 kg 32 4 (<5,510 lbm) DM1 Telkom 2 Ariane 5 DM4 AMC 18 Ariane 5 DM3 Bsat 3A Ariane 5 DMU Galaxy 15 Ariane 5 DM3 Optus D1 Ariane 5 DM4 Intelsat 11 Ariane 5 Galaxy 14 Soyuz DM4 Optus D2 Ariane 5 DM6 Horizons Ariane 5

` v`9;895@5>> `9 9=

& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: Appendix

3994EFEF

2008 2009 2010 Total Launches 18 18 14 Total Satellites 23 22 20 Over 5,400 kg 587 (>11,905 lbm) ICO G-1 Atlas V DM1 Amazonas 2 Ariane 5 DM4 Eutelsat W3B Ariane 5 Ciel 2 Proton M DM2 NSS 12 Ariane 5 Arabsat 5B Proton M Inmarsat 4F3 Proton M Terrestar 1 Ariane 5 Echostar 14 Proton M DirecTV 11 Sea Launch Intelsat 14 Atlas V Echostar 15 Proton M Echostar 11 Sea Launch DirecTV 12 Proton M KA-Sat Proton M Eutelsat W2A Proton M SkyTerra 1 Proton M Eutelsat W7 Proton M XM 5 Proton M Sirius FM5 Proton M 4,200 - 5,400 kg 824 (9,260 - 11,905 lbm) DM3 HotBird 9 Ariane 5 DM3 Hotbird 10 Ariane 5 DM1 Astra 3B Ariane 5 DM1 Skynet 5C Ariane 5 Nimiq 5 Proton M DM2 Arabsat 5A Ariane 5 DM5 Superbird 7 Ariane 5 DM6 Hispasat 1E Ariane 5 Astra 1M Proton M DM5 Intelsat 17 Ariane 5 Nimiq 4 Proton M Galaxy 18 Sea Launch Galaxy 19 Sea Launch Thuraya 3 Sea Launch 2,500 - 4,200 kg 896 (5,510 - 9,260 lbm) DM1 Turksat 3A Ariane 5 DM4 JCSat 12 Ariane 5 DM5 Hylas Ariane 5 DM2 Badr 6 Ariane 5 DM1 Satcom BW1 Ariane 5 DM6 Koreasat 6 Ariane 5 DM2 Protostar 1 Ariane 5 DM2 Thor 6 Ariane 5 DM3 Nilesat 201 Ariane 5 DM3 Eutelsat W2M Ariane 5 Telstar 1N Land Launch DM3 RASCOM 1R Ariane 5 DM4 Vinasat Ariane 5 Intelsat 15 Long March DM1 Satcom BW2 Ariane 5 DM4 StarOne C2 Ariane 5 Palapa D Long March SES 1 Proton M DM5 AMC 21 Ariane 5 Asiasat 5 Proton M AMC 14 Proton M Protostar II Proton M Sicral 1B Sea Launch Below 2,500 kg 233 (<5,510 lbm) AMOS 3 Land Launch DM3 NSS 9 Ariane 5 DM2 COMS 1 Ariane 5 Thor 5 Proton M DM4 Optus D3 Ariane 5 DM4 BSAT 3B Ariane 5 Measat 3A Land Launch Intelsat 16 Proton M

` v`9;895@5>> `9 9=

3994EFEF

2011 2012 Total Launches 12 12 Total Satellites 15 21 Over 5,400 kg 310 (>11,905 lbm) DM1 Yahsat 1A Ariane 5 DM3 Astra 2F Ariane 5 Quetzsat Proton M DMU Echostar 17 Ariane 5 Viasat 1 Proton M DM2 Intelsat 20 Ariane 5 Echostar 16 Proton M Intelsat 22 Proton M SES 4 Proton M SES 5 Proton M Yahsat 1B Proton M Intelsat 19 Sea Launch Intelsat 21 Sea Launch 4,200 - 5,400 kg 65 (9,260 - 11,905 lbm) DM3 Arabsat 5C Ariane 5 DM4 Eutelsat 21B Ariane 5 DM2 Astra 1N Ariane 5 DM1 JCSAT 13 Ariane 5 DMU ST 2 Ariane 5 DM5 Skynet 5D Ariane 5 Eutelsat W3C Long March Nimiq 6 Proton M Telstar 14R Proton M Eutelsat 70B Sea Launch Atlantic Bird 7 Sea Launch 2,500 - 4,200 kg 66 (5,510 - 9,260 lbm) DM2 BSAT 3C Ariane 5 DM3 GSAT 10 Ariane 5 DM1 New Dawn Ariane 5 DM2 Hylas 2 Ariane 5 DM3 SES 2 Ariane 5 DM5 Mexsat 3 Ariane 5 Intelsat 18 Land Launch DM4 Star One C3 Ariane 5 Asiasat 7 Proton M DM1 Vinasat 2 Ariane 5 DMU SES 3 Proton M/DM Intelsat 23 Proton M Below 2,500 kg 00 (<5,510 lbm) ` v`9;895@5>> `9 9=

2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: Appendix

:994EF 1993 1994 1995 1996 Launches 3 4 1 4 Spacecraft 3 4 2 5 B v Q F9H 9AC " Gt Hh pu "6 9H8 Uryrp !8 6 vhr #9H8 Uryrp !9 6 vhr # B v # Q F9H @ r Q F9H Bhy ! Q F9H 8uvhh & Gt Hh pu "6 B v # Q F9H Bhy Q F9H @ r ! Q F9H B v #! Q F9H B v #" Q F9H B v ## Q F9H 1997 1998 1999 2000 Launches 1 2 2 5 Spacecraft 1 2 3 5 8uvhh % Gt Hh pu "6 8uvhTh Gt Hh pu "7 @ r 6 Q F9H @ r 6! Q F9H Tvh Gt Hh pu "8 9H `hhy Q F9H @ r 6" Q F9H 9H `hhy ! Q F9H B v #$ Q FH T@T6U Q F9H 8uvhh !! Gt Hh pu "6 2001 2002 2003 2004 Launches 1 1 3 2 Spacecraft 1 1 4 2 @x h H Q H @ r 6#Q F9H @ r 6H!! Q F9H @ r 6H Q F9H 9H `hhy ! Q F9H @ r 6H Q F9H 9H `hhy !! Q F9H 8uvhh ! Gt Hh pu "6 2005 2006 2007 2008 Launches 3 4 4 3 Spacecraft 3 4 4 3 @ r 6H ! Q F9H Fhh Q F9H Tvh " Gt Hh pu "7 Wrrh Gt Hh pu "7 @ r 6H " Q F9H Tvh ! Gt Hh pu #7 8uvhh %7 Gt Hh pu "7 8uvhh ( Gt Hh pu "7 6h % Gt Hh pu "7 8uvhh !!6 Gt Hh pu "6 Ivtph Gt Hh pu "7 @ r 6H"" Q Dh #8 BTGW Dh #8S BTGW 2009 2010 2011 2012 Launches 1 3 8 6 Spacecraft 2 3 10 8 9H @ r H9 Q H 8uvhTh %6 Gt Hh pu "7 BT6U ' 6 vhr $ 6h & Gt Hh pu "7 9H @ r 6H## Q H 8uvhTh !6 Gt Hh pu "6 8uvhh Gt Hh pu "7 8uvhh !6 Gt Hh pu "7 Dh #9 BTGW 8uvhh 6 Gt Hh pu "7 8uvhh ! Gt Hh pu "7 Ivtph S Gt Hh pu "7 9H @ r H9! Q H Qhxh S Gt Hh pu "7 9H! Gpu $7 Q H 9H 6 $ Q H 9H Uryx " Q H 9H Gpu $6 Q H 9H! `hhy "F Q H @ r 6H#Q H `hhy #! Q H 9H6 Fhh ! Q H BT6U ! QTGW

` v`9;895@5>> `9 9

APPENDIX 2: HISTORICAL NGSO MARKET ASSESSMENTS

;>= = 9;5;>5 9=;9:>==< >455?9= =;335

;994> 999D5=; ;>=5; <>9?9>4>9>> 455 59;;94595 3>99 59?95=959 ;5

99999= 9D9= = :>;=9 99999=D 99599

9;59D99 95995;9 =5<95;9 =5>99 9;:>9; =N=585> 9==<;5==99 459= 9

;9=

! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: Appendix

<: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Payloads Commercial Telecommunication 0200862614139 Commercial Remote Sensing 101136312018 Commercial Cargo and Crew 00000001023 Transportation Services Other Commercially Launched 8773136764162 Satellites Technology Test and 00011101004 Demonstration Total Satellites 998525191215204126 Launches Medium-to-Heavy Vehicles 1102104273333 Small Vehicles 313326310022 Total Launches 42351210583355 :55599955 995>5==D5>5 =5 E>>95>>I5>=9 55F595=>9 5=9

4EF Summary Market Segment Date Satellite Launch Vehicle 2012 4 Satellites Telecommunication ORBCOMM OG2-011 1 Telecommunication Transportation 5/22/12 Dragon COTS Demo 2/3 Falcon 9 Medium-to-Heavy 2 Transportation 10/7/12 Dragon CRS D1 Falcon 9 Medium-to-Heavy 1 Other Other 12/19/12 Gökturk 2 LM 2D Medium-to-Heavy

3 Launches 3 Medium-to-Heavy 2011 20 Satellites Telecommunication 7/13/11 Globalstar 2nd Gen. 7-12 Soyuz 2 Medium-to-Heavy 14 Telecommunication AprizeStar 5-62 2 Remote Sensing 12/28/11 Globalstar 2nd Gen.13-18 Soyuz 2 Medium-to-Heavy 4 Other Remote Sensing Nigeriasat-23A NX3B 3 Launches Other 8/17/11 Sich 2 Dnepr Medium-to-Heavy 3 Medium-to-Heavy RASAT Edusat BPA-2 45= =5 5A3T:5 59T=

4EFEF Summary Market Segment Date Satellite Launch Vehicle 2010 15 Satellites Telecommunication 10/19/10 Globalstar 2nd Gen. 1-6 Soyuz 2 Medium-to-Heavy 6 Telecommunication Remote Sensing 6/20/10 TanDEM X Dnepr M Medium-to-Heavy 1 Remote Sensing 6 Other Other 4/7/10 Cryosat 2 Dnepr M Medium-to-Heavy 1 Test and Demo 6/1/10 SERVIS 2 Rockot Small 1 Transportation 6/14/10 Prisma (2 sats) Dnepr M Medium-to-Heavy Picard4 8 Launches 11/5/10 Cosmos-SkyMed 4 Delta II Medium-to-Heavy 7 Medium-to-Heavy Test and Demo 6/9/10 Falcon 9 Demo Flight Falcon 9 Medium-to-Heavy 1 Small Transportation 12/8/10 Dragon COTS Demo 1 Falcon 9 Medium-to-Heavy 2009 12 Satellites Telecommunication AprizeStar 3-45 2 Telecommunication Remote Sensing 10/8/09 Worldview 2 Delta II Medium-to-Heavy 3 Remote Sensing DEIMOS6A 7 Other UK DMC 26B

5 Launches Other 7/13/09 RazakSat Falcon I Small 2 Medium-to-Heavy 7/29/09 DubaiSat 1 Dnepr Medium-to-Heavy 3 Small Nanosat 1B 3/17/09 GOCE Rockot Small 11/2/09 SMOS Rockot Small Proba 2 UGATUSAT7 2008 19 Satellites Telecommunication 6/19/08 Orbcomm Replacement 1-5 Cosmos 3M Small 6 Telecommunication Orbcomm CDS-3 6 Remote Sensing Remote Sensing 8/29/08 RapidEye 1-5 Dnepr 1 Medium-to-Heavy 6 Other 9/6/08 GeoEye-1 Delta II Medium-to-Heavy 1 Test and Demo Other 3/27/08 SAR Lupe 4 Cosmos 3M Small 10 Launches 4/16/08 C/NOFS Pegasus XL Small 4 Medium-to-Heavy 7/22/08 SAR Lupe 5 Cosmos 3M Small 6 Small 8/3/08 TrailblazerF Falcon 1 Small 10/1/08 THEOS Dnepr 1 Medium-to-Heavy 10/24/08 Cosmo-SkyMed 3 Delta II Medium-to-Heavy Test and Demo 9/28/08 Falcon 1 Mass Simulator Falcon 1 Small

35AT5 :J5 <45

!# 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: Appendix

4EFEF Summary Market Segment Date Satellite Launch Vehicle 2007 25 Satellites Telecommunication 5/30/07 Globalstar Replacement 1-4 Soyuz Medium-to Heavy 8 Telecommunication 10/21/0 Globalstar Replacement 5-8 Soyuz Medium-to-Heavy 3 Remote Sensing Remote Sensing 6/15/07 TerraSAR-X Dnepr Medium-to-Heavy 13 Other 9/18/07 WorldView 1 Delta II Medium-to-Heavy 1 Test and Demo 12/14/07 RADARSAT 2 SoyuzD Medium-to-Heavy 12 Launches Other 4/17/07 Egyptsat Dnepr Medium-to-Heavy 10 Medium-to-Heavy SaudiComsat 3-7 2 Small Saudisat 3 4/23/07 AGILE PSLV Medium-to-Heavy AAM 6/7/07 Cosmos-SkyMed 1 Delta II Medium-to-Heavy 7/2/07 SAR Lupe 2 Cosmos 3M Small 11/1/07 SAR Lupe 3 Cosmos 3M Small 12/8/07 Cosmo-SkyMed 2 Delta II Medium-to-Heavy Test and Demo 6/28/07 Genesis II Dneor Medium-to-Heavy 2006 5 Satellites Remote Sensing 4/25/06 EROS B START 1 Small 1 Remote Sensing Other 7/28/06 Kompsat 2 Rockot Small 3 Other 12/27/06 Corot Soyuz 2 1B Medium-to-Heavy 1 Test and Demo 12/19/06 SAR Lupe 1 Cosmos Small 5 Launches 2 Medium-to-Heavy 3 Small Test and Demo 7/12/06 Genesis 1 Soyuz 2 1B Medium-to-Heavy 2005 8 Satellites Remote Sensing 10/27/05 Beijing 1 Cosmos Small 1 Remote Sensing Other 10/8/08 Cryosat RockotF Small 7 Other 6/21/05 Cosmos 1 VolnaF Small Rubin 58A 3 Launches Sinah 18B 3 Small SSETI Express8C Mozhayets 59D Topsat9E 2004 9 Satellites Telecommunication LatinSat (2 sats)9 2 Telecommunication Other 5/20/04 Rocsat 2 Taurus Small 7 Other 6/29/04 Demeter Dnepr Medium-to-Heavy AMSat-Echo10A 2 Launches SaudiComSat 1-210B 1 Medium-to-Heavy SaudiSat 210C 1 Small Unisat 310D 2003 9 Satellites Remote Sensing 6/26/03 OrbView 3 Pegasus XL Small 1 Remote Sensing Other 6/2/03 Mars Express Soyuz Medium-to-Heavy 8 Other Beagle 2 9/27/03 BilSat 1 Cosmos Small 4 Launches BNSCSat 1 Medium-to-Heavy KaistSat 4 3 Small NigeriaSat 1 10/30/03 SERVIS 1 Rockot Small Rubin 4-DSI11 3>>85>A3>55?= 59 >9>>59 5

APPENDIX 3: VEHICLE SIZES AND ORBITS

9 55; >:D=9E3>5F3D9E9F 3=95; =9>:D=93D93=

9949;@

EF=;9:>D9E>39F >==;N= =;== 9EF=>D9E>39F 53=== ;=5>;955 4 5E>D=5>F 5===;9<>:D9E><39F3><D9 E>9F5:3=>= ==>9 8=EF ;;;9 5>5; 9>9;5 >

APPENDIX 4: MASS CLASSES FOR GSO AND NGSO PAYLOADS

;44 Class Name Kilograms (kg) Pounds (lb) Femto : > 9 :> >>:: 9 >>3 >::3>3 9 >3> 3>3>3 = >3> >3>3 3><> >33> 8 c<> c3>

! 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: Appendix

APPENDIX 5: SUMMARY OF SECONDARY NGSO PAYLOADS LAUNCHED COMMERCIALLY

5;5 55

499 Launch Launch Mass Satellite Description of Capability Year Vehicle kg (lb) D= EF D=859= 5;C 5 >E>F D=9 5C==N59; >5;>;859 ;=59;5; =5JD>9;; 59 5 <E3F 99D59 ;89 ?;> ;=>; Atlas V E 5 EJ=;J>95= EF>9 599 55 EF 555 95;9 =;99> 9599; 5 3 Atlas V EF 35C=9 5=55; = 999=;9 Atlas V EF ;5 85995= > 3EF 95= = =; 5;C =9 Atlas V E> =9D;9D= 5 3EF ;=>;> E5FD== 59==85> =85>D 55==59 9=;5 55>5 5

499EF Launch Launch Mass Satellite Description of Capability Year Vehicle kg (lb) Antares :EF =59=5EF 595=9 9= = 5 = EF =8595 8859 5;C 5 EF J9J ;;9 ;9= 95>5> 4 EF 4=99 ;;; 9== 4 5 EF ;9=9D5 95 9=D9=; > 5;9A EF 9;CI5 995;9 95=>D5>= 5 Antares EF =99 EF 959995 59 EF EF 5> 4>;D>9 5>= ;55955= EF A859 A 55;;5>5 == 8599>55 N 5;9;9;== E55=9> 859=5 5;59 5 3EF J== =>5;9> 955;995 5=;9=;=8= 9=;N 95 EF 955; 9; Tethersat EEIF859 ;8>==

!& 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts: Appendix

499EF Launch Launch Mass Satellite Description of Capability Year Vehicle kg (lb) > 5 E; 9= Vermont EF 959 =;9 == 5 5 EF 995 ;9 895= ;95

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

5=95 5 ; 89=NEF 9 9 =9 J 9 9; 55 9=9 =85 = ; D5DD 5= 9;= 5=5 >9>585 9;5= 99 5 99 9959 5 99=5 ;8; 4 45 99;=9 =9 99 ;8;9955 995599 ;5; 995 995 9955

!#186# Acronyms and Abbreviations

5= 99599 5859 55EF 59 9D= ;?= = = = K9;;9;E495 =F = 9==> 59;; 9 5;595 89A> 859= 85= 59 85=9 85= 4 54= 995 ; =5 9 55= 8595D 84 FAA Federal Aviation Administration 9C; ;995 5 ;9D 9999 8 4 4

!#187#

4 4=5;99 4 4 4 4=9 4 4 4 4 4 4; = A859 = =5 AD;;A= ; =5 95= 9 ;;= J9 595J9 959;99 5 = 5=A 5 ; 9= 5T=5 99 I ID I I5585= I I599 J J5 J J5 J J5 J J5 999 N= 995

!!#188# Acronyms and Abbreviations

D99 N8= 5 =9 =55 59 9 > 5 4 4 ?9 59 5=EF ;A 5595 9>>;9 4 45== 4 4 855 959 D D> ;59D= ; D> =9 5 555 ; ;;; D9559 A= = TD 9

!"#189#

9 9 JJ= JD55= 5=9 5 =9;5 == =99 9 5 5 59 5 5 585=5 J 5DJ C D 559 59 =9 4 55;=4 9=; 5855 9 9 ;;> =N =

"##190# Acronyms and Abbrevi

5 95=59D =995= D;;= =99 5= 89 5>

"#191#

2013 WORLDWIDE ORBITAL LAUNCH EVENTS

Comm'l Date Vehicle Site Payload(s) Orbit Operator Manufacturer Use Price L M

3I D D 9 5 95 99 EJF 9 5 95 99 EJF 9 5 95 99 EJF <I =9 4EF I5; = = 5 435 I5; = 9 = 5 I 5 J J ; = I J 4 =95 99

\M K * < 4 = 99 O F F 9

: \M A D * 4 4> 5 99 O3 4 * 4 4> 5 99 4 * 4 4> 5 99 4 * 4 4> 5 99 4 * 4 4> 5 99 4 * 4 4> 5 99 4

< \M 3 J * 9A 45 59M 99 O A 449; 99 A? 5 AM D = JJ= = 5= E9F M4= 9= 5 3 9= : 5E= F

\M U * = 585 585 O3:3 = = = 4 4 D = 5

: \M M D * 8 48 59M 99 O3 A AMA D A JJ= 5= E9F

35 \M M D * D4 4Telesat 59M 99 O3 A 5 A D J= 5= E9F : 5E= F

5 \M U * = Test O<<3 9 5 5 5E= F 5 AM D = JJ= = 5= E9F

"#192# 2013 Launch Manifest

Comm'l Date Vehicle Site Payload(s) Orbit Operator Manufacturer Use Price L M

:5 = IN 4 5 5 9= = = 5EF 5EF 5E= F :5 A D 4< 5 95 = EJF = = * 4 5 99 EE 95 F : = J 55 BB 9= = 99; 9 9= T= 59

\M M D * 4 5 99 O3 A 3 4 =95 = 43 4 = 99 9UE3>F 9 AMA D A JJ= 5= E9F

I \M M D * : 4D 9 99 O3 A 3I 3 J 55 9 = <I A D 9 5 JJ= = EJF I = IN A 5 9; 59 5= = EF 5EF A 5 9; 5= = EF 5EF

3I \M A J * D 5 99 O3 * D 5 99 * D 5 99 * D 5 99 3I A D J 9= 5= E9F 5 <I D J 9= <I = EF D 5 I 4 = I MD D 4: 5 95 = FF EJF 4 5 95 = F EJF 4 5 95 = F EJF 3I = IN I3 9; 5 5= =;== EF 95 I = = 99 8=< I3

"#193#

Comm'l Date Vehicle Site Payload(s) Orbit Operator Manufacturer Use Price L M

I 33 4 D 99 995 9

3I \M 3 J * 5 49 9 99 O * 4 = <I AM D = JJ= = 5= E9F = =9 I 5 <= 4: 4 = 99 9UE3>F 9

= \M 5 9D J953 J J 9= O = :3

= \M 3 J * 3 4 59M 99 O 4<EF 4; 99 ;

5 \M K D * 9 4599 5 99 O: 5 = IN =< 5 9; 9= 9EF 5= EF =< 5 9; 9= 9EF 5= EF =< 5 9; 9= 9EF 5= EF :5 WFF 5 D D 43 9 95 99 4: 9 95 99 4< 9 95 99 5 5 I I 5 3 4 D 99 59

5 \M U * =9 Test O<<3 5 5 5 = = =; = = == Administration 35 JA IN JA 5 5 9= 5EF 5EF 35 AMA D A JJ= 5= E9F

5 \M U 5 5 >> 59 O3:3 =EF EF : 5E= F

5 \M M D * 4 9 99 O3 A 3 = IN I: 59

3 \M M D * : 4 59M 99 O3 A = = 9= 3 =E F < AMA D A JJ= 5= E9F

"&#194# 2013 Launch Manifest

Comm'l Date Vehicle Site Payload(s) Orbit Operator Manufacturer Use Price L M

M D = 45 95 99 A EJF D 5 5E= F

\M U WFF 5 59 =5 5E= F = = 9=

\M 5 9D J 9= O ; = 5E= F

\M D D 9 55 9 O = 9 55 9 = 9 55 9 = 3 = IN 8=3 9= 3 AM D = JJ= = 5= E9F = = =E 9; 9; F 5= 5= EF EF

\M U * 4 99 O3:3 5 3 3 5E= F

\M M D * 93 49 = 99 O3 A 9 = MK 9; 9= F F 5= EF A J 4 55 9 = = = * 5J 45 4 99 = 5 E4F 3 D D 9 5 95 99 EJF 9 5 95 99 EJF 9 5 95 99 EJF : M D 853 4 95 99 A 99 A D JJ= JJ= 59 J<3: Test J<3: Test

V 99> 95>5 959; >5995999 U X995> 5;99;599 ;9;@`>`>` @ 59 9

"'#195#

DEFINITIONS

Commercial Suborbital or Orbital Launch 999; @

595C95E ;95F595= 5=9; = 5 =955

Launch Failure ;555E 95;9=F ;9;

Internationally Competed 95 555555 99

Commercial Payload 995;@

55595 5;=9>5 5=59595 5599 55;=A>9 ;=895C85 D;5;

5 99E=9> =99>5 F

Orbits 5;=E4FAC >=>55 =D4E4F= ;;3>3D9E><<9F E>NF

"#196#

=E4F4 E>> D9>>9F>99E>>D94F> EF>?E5F =5E; F>E8F?4E 5?F

Vehicle Mass Class 9 55; >:D=9E3>5F3D9E9F 3=95; =9>:D=93D93=

"#197#