/ SEPTEMBER 2014 Intelsat at One of Satellite's Most Enduring Stories

Like any good story, there are heroes, one notable villain, moments of sheer joy as well as moments of heartbreak and loss. But this is not a new CBS drama I am talking about, this is the 50-year story of one of the satellite industry’s most iconic companies: Intelsat. This year, the operator celebrates its 50-year anniversary and we look some of the key moments in the company’s colorful history. by MARK HOLMES PERSPECTIVE

VIASATELLITE.COM PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER The company opened up new worlds to people Forthose who like their cold war dramas, The Direct throughitssatellites. transmittedIt images theofmoon landingsin1969, andthen images fromthe World Cup in Argentina in 1978 to more than onearound thebillion globe. “Iremember peoplewhen we first televised theWorldCuparound the world,phenomenon. wasait That was the first timeKinzie. adds States,” United thatthe to introduced World Cup football was CommunicationsLink, or“Hot Line,” wasactivated via theIntelsat system onChristmas Eve 1974, effectively Kremlin. the and House White the connecting countriesaspart ofthe system meant things could be difficult to organize. “I remember whenIntelsat, I firstwe wentwould to have to arrange a lot of calls inadvancea day tosome countries. Ittook meeight days to Kinzie. said example,” for Chile, to call a arrange “itlooked like the United Nations.” Hehad accepted with-a Netherlands the in whilst company the with job outeven going toWashington, D.C. Thecosmopolitan natureof Intelsat was a key factor. TrulyInternational Oneof the striking aspects of the Intelsat story is how itbought people around the world toone organization almostcommonanutopianwithgoalina concept. Lakh Virdee, who worked for the companyand 2006betweenheavily involved theon1981network planning and implementationside, said that when hejoined Intelsat

n August 20, 1964, the International Telecom- International the 1964, 20, August n munications Satellite Consortium (Intelsat)wasestablished theonbasis agreementsof enti- operating and governments by signed

However, due to its global nature, having so many “We createdfunctioning“Wea organization thatlaunched, Fast-forward 50 years, and Intelsat is a huge force except some people in the military.experi- no but tools of bag a Youwith people bright wereget able to ence— nobody had any experience of what we were doing.We got some of the best inception.” technical company’s the in people. apolitical amazingly were We designed and operated satellites and did whatsupposed it was to do,” he says. prec- “It no was almost totally was there new; exciting. something doing were We edent, … no experience in satellite communications theworld, together through communication andvideo. RobertKinzie, whoworked forCOMSAT inthe ‘60s on the treaties which created Intelsat, recallspart how of being a project was an “excitingitself. Intelsat for worked later also Kinzie involved. work” for all those withinthe satellite industry. Itoperates globala fleet of approximately 50 satellites and is present inmarkets all majoraround the world. However, back inthe ‘60s, ithad humble aims of bringing nations, and ultimately ties.ByApril 1965, eight months later, Intelsat already hadits first spacecraft, com- first the Early world’s Bird the satellitewas This orbit. (Intelsatsynchronous in I), satellite. communications mercial O and Via Satellite Via Avionicsmagazine. for isthe editorial director MarkHolmes VIASATELLITE.COM PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER Virdee says it was an exciting time to be part of the DavidLeive,ex-general Intelsat,counselatjoinedwho “Atonetime,believe I therewere overnationalities80 hugetechnological growth,” hesays. “Intelsat, forme, institutionallyattractedfirst-classoflot a engineers from aroundthe world there— was anincredible spirit. You hadsecretarya general whowas Chilean,a hisdeputy there was a big community spirit. This grew into ‘Inter- into grew This spirit. community big a was there national Day’ where, once a year, communitiesaround the world from would set up stalls withwine, food, beer,music and performances fromThat theiradded to the countries.international flavor of Intelsat,” tech- new for looking pioneers the were “We company. nologies so that we could theprovideworld onnondiscriminatory servicescost and quality allbasis. over Whenever we had any investment to be made, allmember the countries shared theusage costsof the system. baseddistrib- was At the made we onend profit of theirany year, as the zero net much profit pretty was utedback tothemember nations. wereWepioneers in says. he world,” the connect helped we and technology thecompany in 1973, also points to this. “In the ‘70s, inthis country and inEurope, there was lota offaith in international organizations to do thingsdoesexistnotanymore. samethe time,Athaveyou thisin a way that workingatIntelsat. amIan Indian bybackground, the SouthAsian community atIntelsat held what wecalled a ‘Festival of Light’ day, commonly knownEverybody as Diwali.in the company was invited to celebrate it, Photo courtesy of Intelsat. of courtesy Photo Three astronauts stepped out from the Endeavour Space Shuttle to repair the repair to Shuttle Space Endeavour the from out stepped astronauts Three satellite whole the and Intelsat for moment historic a in satellite 603 Intelsat industry. VIASATELLITE.COM PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER Rather than give up on the satellite, Intel- satellite, the on up give than Rather sat worked with NASA and Hughes AircraftCompany to try and raise the satelliteoperational to its orbit. It is perhaps theonlytime first astronauts andwould literally reach out The Hand of an Astronaut an of Hand The Intelsat, like any company with a50 historyyears, went through of its share of high and lows,andsurprisingly satellitefora company, itmade national headlines onmore than one occasion. Perhaps, one of the moststories iconic was in 1990, when itssatellite Intelsatfailed launchto intogeosynchronous 603 transferorbit,earthlowendedandin orbit.up ticularlytelevision, throughout theworld, and also establishing the institution,organi- The entity. public/private hybrid this which was zationhad avery international staff simultane- of nearlywith governors of board a 1,000, oustranslation, and other features modeled aftertheWorld Bank, butour actual purpose wastorun commercial a satellite system. So that.” of part be to was point high a was an Italian,operationsanthewas manageran was American,and the finance chief was British. A continuous high point in the first 10 years was to help establish a systemwork that and provide would telecommunications, par- Meet us at IBC 2014 IBC at us Meet 12-16 September Booth #C.65 Hall 1, Connect with us: Answering the Call for Greater Coverage Greater for Call the Answering VIASATELLITE.COM Int. Tel: +972.3.755.1000 Int. 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With the launch of AMOS-6 Spacecom in 2015, 4°W to will enhance coverage over Europe and the Middle East with its new Pan-European beam, and further strengthen broadcast and communications services in North America, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Russia and Asia. and AMOS-3 satellites co-located AMOS-5 at 4°W, located and the new at 17°E, AMOS-4 65°E. launched to The AMOS in satellites 2013 provide high-quality RussiaAsiaand Spacecom operates the AMOS satellite constellation, consisting of the AMOS-2 Your Satellites Across North America, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Africa, Europe, East, Middle the America, North Across Satellites Your PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER JohnHampton,ex-deputy an directorgeneral Intel-of It would take three attempts for the rescue to be sat,saysthefatetheIntelsatof 603satellite “verywasa tenseperiod” for the company for the best part of the year. There was a lot of drama and a huge amount of really took us seriously. From includ- that team, whole the with relationship great timea had onwards, we says. he Florida,” in Center Space Kennedy at that ing successful.Virdee recalls that third attempt. “After the secondattempt, wewere brainstorming inthe Intelsat ControlCenter in Washington, D.C., and we came up with a plan that required three astronautsto manually going grab theout satellite,”initial he says. response “NASA was notJSC very positive as neverhad threebefore astronauts togethershuttle. venturedBut the next day,we gotoutside responsea back; thethe Endeavourcrew had come up with the same solution that we needed three astronautsthesatellite.” to go and capture becausethe media will belooking for foreigners toget information.’askedI ifanybody hadTexan a10-gallon hatsocouldI walk out and not benoticed. Everybody burstout laughing; Ithink that broke the ice. Wewere notjust run ofthe mill guys looking for freea ride, they sonSpace Center. There was lota ofmedia interest in thestory, and Virdee recalls an amusing anecdote for the time. “Being a Sikh, I was wearing a turbaninto goingthis meeting. The head of Johnson Space Center turned around and said ‘be careful when you go out Virdee looks back at the story with a great deal of sat and Hughes preparedJohn- the at aengineers and management NASA the presentation to give to pride.He admits most people thought at the time satellitethe was “losta cause,” but thanks todiscussions with Hughes Aircraft Company,Intel- hatched. was plan rescue thebold a satellite, the manufacturer of andgrabthesatellite, bringintoitthe Endeavour Space Shuttleitsmaidenbayonflight, attachandnewmotor a enablingit to get into its planned transfer orbit. VIASATELLITE.COM PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER “Afewofus started tosuspect something wasbadly “The lowest point for me was this mission. Within a very rapidly and very promptly togetherelements of withthe U.S. variousgovernment including the getFBI to to the bottom ofover.” it.all was it Itwhen relief wasof sense big nota was a pleasant time. It The Villain The Mentioning themem- nameand sighs brings Richard1980s the in Intelsat Colinoat worked to people who ories of a dark period. In 1987director Colino, general who betweenwas the 1983 and 1986, wasguilty foundoffraud inrelation toconstruction and financing contractsfor Intelsat’s then new headquarters. Colino wassent to jail. His fall from grace is arare black spot inIntelsat’s history, which got a lot of media Magazine. attention Time from including — wrong about two or threeexposed,” months says beforeLeive. “Before they ideathat,got what no was one going had on. any It all happened throughestateorganizationthatthe buildingwasWashington. in real didWenot have series a ofnormal controls that wedid forourregular financial activity. So,thedirector general andhisdeputy took advantage ofthat. Theremarkable thing about that is that organization responded very, launchsite, destroying it and resulting in fatalities. fewseconds oflift-off, itjust veered off barely clearing thelaunch gantry andVirdee. it says slammed ” later, into days avillage, many of aware became which only we sive triumphs, Intelsat hasyears.50 without tragedynotbeenin apparentmorethis Nowherewas thanonits Intelsat 708 satellite, launchedwhichbetosetwas on vehi- March Long Chinese the Februaryclein 1996.Thelaunch rock- the and wrong terribly went crashedet intovillagea nearthe Tragedy in China in Tragedy impres- some were there While Nobodyhadever done before;it itwasfresh ground. didn’tI ever satel- the get wouldn’t we think lite,butcourseof knewIwasit a possibility.There was euphoria, therewas champagne.” Intelsat today. orbit in still is 603 “We had three go’s at it. If the third go had not worked,nothad gothird the If it. at go’s threehad“We opera,couldhavebeenbetternotitscripted,” Hampton says.“There was always arisk that it would not work. it would have been abandoned. You end up withhuman dramathis with TVcameras from all over the world haveyouend, the watching rescue.In endedupthisthat humana hand reaching out tothis satellite. There was a huge cheer that rang out in the building. As a soap TVinterest inthe story. Camera crews were fixated on whetherthe satellite would be rescued or not. VIASATELLITE.COM PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER “Onebigepisode thatstands outmindmyin “While in one sense it was a low point, it Virdee admits that, during that time, the previ- the time, that during that, admits Virdee despiteperiod,But,darkthisIntelsat showed that speaks to the internationalJanuaryIn characterWar. GulftheIntelsatstart of the was of situationtheAsHonolulu PTC. inat was 1991, I gottenser,people started toconverge around Live Via Intelsat Via Live momen- bringing in role pivotal a had Intelsat tous world events to audiencesglobe.What startedaround with themoon landings thein thelate 1960s went all the way through tothe Gulf War in the ‘90s. SATELLITE Conference Satel- Via past and Chairman Exhibition and lite Editor, Scott Chase recalls theIntelsat powerat PTC ofway back in 1991. a great deal of resilience, and perhapswas whatmost remarkable was just how well andhow quickly the company bounced back. wasalso arguably ahigh point in that Intelsat movedonbeautifully fromthis. Thecorruption was identified, the perpetrators were caughtandputinjail andIntelsat went onwithout too Hampton. adds ripple,” a of much ously nice atmosphere at Intelsat was no longerIntelsatatmospherenonice ously wasat apprehen- of climate “a of talks and apparent, time. that at company the pervaded that sion” Chief of C4/EW Directorate of Executive Director, Nigerian Nigerian Air Force Turkish Turkish Armed Forces Director, Directorate of New New Zealand Defence US Air Force Aerospace Engineering SAOCOM Communications CONAE Brazilian Armed Forces Branch Head, Chief MilSatCom International, Martin Martin Coleman, Satellite Interference - Technology and Tools SPONSORS Hosted by Satellite Interference Reduction Group Group Reduction Satellite Interference Lieutenant Colonel Cem Sinan Barim, SatCom Management Center, Deanna Ryals, Lieutenant Colonel Abde Bellahnid, Joint Capability, SatComs & SAR Requirements, Canadian Department of Defence Colonel Pierre Mattei, Coordinator, ITA, Michael Rupar, US Naval Research Laboratory Maximiliano Erazu, System Engineer, Lieutenant Commander Owen Gee, Requirements (Maritime), Force Colonel A.S Kattala, Tanzania People's Defence Force Group Captain NV Aguiyi, Space Science Technology, MilSatCom Directorate, 13.00- 17.00 B CONFERENCE CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 2014 SMi’s 16th Annual Commander, Director Italian Italian Ministry of Head of Syracuse Philippine Navy Navigation, Project Project Leader BOOK BY 30TH SEPTEMBER AND SAVE £100 Business PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOPS | 3RD NOVEMBER 2014 Global Global MilSatCom Community #GlobalMilSatCom Satellite Applications Catapult www.globalmilsatcom.com DGA France The The Federal Office of Bundeswehr Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Government Government of India Ministry of Defence Vladimir Stoiljkovic, Tuesday Tuesday 4th November - Thursday 6th November I Park Plaza Riverbank Hotel | London, UK Lieutenant Lieutenant General (Rtd) Anil Chait, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC, Chairman, Programme, Programme, Colonel Volker R. 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VIASATELLITE.COM LEAD SPONSOR 8.30- 12.00 A EXHIBITORS PERSPECTIVE Photo Intelsat's teleport Intelsat's Fuchsstadt, in Germany. Intelsat. of courtesy / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER In April 2015, David McGladecelebrateDavid2015,April10-yearwillhisIn satellites,and operating network,a rather then having strate- financial and marketing/sales sophisticated a hesays.gy,” “Where weneeded toevolve anddevelop thecompany was tohave better customer insights so ofthemost significant moves inthecompany’s history, it merged with long-time rival PanAmSat in Julyindeal 2006that changed the very essence Pri- as ownership of Intelsat.in changes saw also itself The company vate Equity companies and funds acquiredyears. four than itless twice in anniversaryIntelsat.ofCEOtheas admits Henotdidhe haveanyreal reservations about taking thejob, butfelt thebiggest challenge was changea inculture. “When I joined, I felt that the company needed to havediverse more skills. We grew out oforganization an intergovernmental where it is more about flying and buying snappedup Loral Space Systems in 2004, and in one abilitytoevolve with the times.Intel- in Overevents significant the of last number 15years, a been have there sat’s story. In 2001, the company privatizedyearsintergovernmentalanas afterorganization. 37 Thiswould signalanimportant round ofdeal making forIntelsat. It 2000s:Intelsat Flexes Muscles in Arena Commercial greatsuccessesthecompanyoftheOne beenits ofhas ments live,” he says. he live,” ments of Desert Storm was coming live viaseveral satellite,cases, it was clearly andmarked in as Intelsat feeds. It really spoke of Intelsat, not justcom- of nature as instantaneous the to aalso globalbut system, satellite develop- watching were We satellite. via munications television screens like a village. All the live coverage VIASATELLITE.COM PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER Thierry Guillemin, Intelsat’s chief technol- chief Intelsat’s Guillemin, Thierry However,itis the deal with PanAmSat that

we merged with PanAmSat, and we recreat- we and PanAmSat, with merged we prob- was It company. the of culture the ed ablythe most entrepreneurial player coming together with the most technically excellent reallysticks out in this period. The PanAm- Sat acquisition is one McGlade’stimecharge.inof “Ifyoulookmostat the highlights of mergers, they are usually unsuccessfulsub- created We value. shareholder anddestroy stantialshareholder value. amveryI proud of what the team did and createHis- customers. a newthe to culturedrive new a have and withwellinvestorsvery doneour have torically, the company but I reallyimpor- is That feelcompany. the asreinvented have though we thattantmeyoutocomeandchallenge in the statusquo, and look atthings infresha way. Ifyou do that, you have another 50 years to address as a company, if you don’t,peril.” own your it is at ogy officer, also pinpoints the acquisition PanAmSatofmomentkey acompany.thefor as “Thehighpoint [forme,personally] waswhen we could really understand our customer’senduser’sneeds and, result,asa provide an end-to-endsolution that would advance our business” customer’s

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www.ibc.org media and entertainment industry. Your essential guide to the current and future direction of the electronic of the electronic essential guide to the current and future direction Your Experience IBC PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER “At the time we stayed away from it because the give us tools that we never had before. We [satelliteswill makefreeof] telecommunications secu- network where interference point a to andget will We … jamming ritywill bemore sophisticated and efficient than ever.I The Story Ready to Enter a New Phase New a Enter to Ready Story The Guilleminbelieves that thesatellite industry will change moreinthe next 20years than ithas inthe last 50and satel- put really will satellites throughput high thinks liteon the map in terms of the networks of the future, whether4G/5Gtermsmore.whereInIntelsatorof goes next he says, “I think software-defined payloads will eachand every one. ideawas not mature. The wine was not ready. History has proven us right. Then we have justwork continued on these things to as customers startedtheir to needs,” evolve Guillemin says.abil- the “Atand market the someof needs the convergence; point,a there is ity of technology converge. I would say it reallytogether came three years ago. It was reallydecision helped of by Boeing the to cometech- backthe them with brought Boeing us. with market to the commercial them.” needed we scale the at needed we nologies reallyget topointa where anidea can reach sat- ripeness. throughput high about talking was Intelsat says He ellitesway back in 1999 GEO/ when in were the they concept whether initiatives, of series first a as in came LEO/MEO,and that Intelsat looked “very seriously” at McGladecites this as a perfect example of how the Guilleminsaysthe Epic Platform cancomparedbe to the“maturation fineaofwine” saying “takesit years” to havenot.arehugeWe believers openinstandards and openarchitecture. haveWedesigned frequencybetoit com- backwards and agnostic infrastructure agnostic, says. he have,” we strengths the leveraging patible mobility,video and government applications requiring broadband infrastructure across themajor continents. company has adapted to modernembraced times. high throughput “We have satellites in ways others platform,a new series of satellites based upon a highperformance openarchitecture design. These satellites multipleuse frequency bands,widebeams, spotbeams andfrequency reuse technology and will be deployed for wireless andfixed telecommunications, enterprise, being one of satellite’s most enduring stories, the com- the stories, enduring most satellite’s of one being mental- progressive very a have to aimed has pany ity particularly toward new technologyNowherewas andthis more markets.apparent than two years ago, whenitintroduced tomuch fanfare itsEpicNG satellite An Epic Response for a New Decade New a for Response Epic An What impresses most about Intelsat is that, despite pany,itreally changed the trajectory ofthe company,” says. he companyin terms of operations. haveYou the best of bothworlds; with com- technology the to spirit new a still bought event at 2006 the This heart do. we of what VIASATELLITE.COM PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER Citing companies like Google and Facebook that McGladesays that over the next 10 years he would hybrid approach. The lines are blurringhavebeen with justFSS andlike MSS,” theyhe says. wantcometoandin serve the“unconnected,” thenew like to see Intelsat continue to play a key role in the evo- the in role key a play to continue Intelsat see to like lutionof media distribution. Naturally, he expects hopesand the mobility piece of the businessconnectwantstocustomers, to businessesgrow. usersendand He withbroadband allaround theworld. wouldHealso like tosee Intelsat play a much more integral approach thegovernmentin business. “I think you will see a more Photos courtesy of Intelsat. of courtesy Photos McGlade highlights the company’s focus in mobil- in focus company’s the highlights McGlade Intelsat top executives (from left to right): Stephen Spengler, president and CCO, Thierry Guillemin, EVP and CTO, and David David and CTO, and EVP Guillemin, Thierry CCO, and president Spengler, Stephen right): to left (from executives top Intelsat CEO. and Chairman McGlade, like we can disrupt.” can we like ityas another key trend. “We had no business at all in mobility10years ago. Itwas bring- very smallare evenWe fiveit. yearsdisrupting are we “Now, says. he ago,” ing broadband to multiple types of aircraft andWe ships.are doing it in ways that others are not. I do feel will change dramatically the economics of putting satel- putting of economics the dramatically change will liteinto orbit. Iam convinced we will [see] —probably in the next five to 10 years — a real in-orbitdevelop.” to start industry servicing believewe will see a reusable launch vehicle and that VIASATELLITE.COM PERSPECTIVE / SEPTEMBER 2014 / SEPTEMBER VS McGladeis53 himself, and says the company does Spengler admits the company operates in a much anincredible story, with many people from all over the organiza- iconic this building in part a playing world tion. It is likely that the next exciting. as 50 years will be equally morecomplex world nowadays. “What has happened over time is the complexitydeliver thatto customerstheir customers havein terms to of vicespackaging and end ser- user applications. Those andservices applications have become much more complex. This differ- for demand of diversity by driven been has ent customers and increased speedrequirements,”adds. and“Companieshe con- bewantto bandwidth nectedanywhere inthe world. Ithas evolved from just asatellite focus to more of a telecommunications/IP focus.When we engage with customers, it is beyond just talking to a satellitetheir CIO, group; their we long have range toCFO. planners,talk We tohave their a much CTO and more customers.” with broader engagement Intel- says He company. 50-year-old a as itself see not satis clear on how keeping alive the “entrepreneurial spirit”that drove the company in its early toits days successful is key future. The first 50 years have been tions in villagesbank- on layered across are they that, of thattop On before. countryexist where it did not ingservices, e-communications. When you see thatperspective.” in in things puts it country, “Ihave been very fortunate in my role to spend a lot While there is much talk of future applications like a VSAT system and they delivered basic communica- basic delivered they and system VSAT a of time with customers and to see what theysatellite do with communications presi- inSpengler, theStephen says reallives,” peoples’ worldimpacts and how it dent and CCO at Intelsat.Kenya “Ithere wasremember partnera ofours that was packagingone time in Ultra-HDfor example, Intelsat’s mission insome ways hasbeen remarkably consistent over thelast 50years. It is all about connecting the worldbenefits andof modern bringingcommunications the to all. ubiquitous high-quality service,an important I think role inwe that.can play I thinkopportunity toaddress this changinga landscapegives foryears us a new tocome.” thought of years ago,” McGlade says. “From an agri- an “From says. McGlade ago,” years of thought culture standpoint you canwith changinguse technologyclimates, and other toissues helpthat farmers. impact I think satellitein that. can playBecause a key of thecritical strength role of satellite offering applicationsthat are made available through Machine to Machine (M2M) and the ‘Internet of Things.’ look Ifat you it, from agriculture,we are going energy to see theand ability wearables, toany communicate device, with vehicle or appliance in ways we never media landscapes going forward offer as much oppor- much as offer forward going landscapes media tunitytoIntelsat now asit ever had inthe past. “There willabsoluteanbe explosion sensorsof andinteractive VIASATELLITE.COM