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Getting to Grips with Datalink Be Made Thereof Other Than That Expressely Authorised Flight Operations Support & Line Assistance April 2004 datalink getting to grips with AIRBUS S.A.S. getting to grips with 31707 BLAGNAC CEDEX, FRANCE Flight Operations Support & Line Assistance CUSTOMER SERVICES COMMUNICATION REF. GDCOS-A038/04 FEBRUARY 2004 PRINTED IN FRANCE © AIRBUS S.A.S. 2004 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AN EADS JOINT COMPANY WITH BAE SYSTEMS datalink The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the assumptions shown and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, the Company will be pleased to explain the basis thereof. This document is the property of Airbus and is Flight Operations Support & Line Assistance supplied on the express condition that it is to be treated as confidential. No use of reproduction may getting to grips with datalink be made thereof other than that expressely authorised. April 2004 Flight Operations Support & Line Assistance Customer Services 1, rond-point Maurice Bellonte, BP 33 31707 BLAGNAC Cedex FRANCE Telephone (+33) 5 61 93 33 33 Telefax (+33) 5 61 93 29 68 Telex AIRBU 530526F SITA TLSBI7X getting to grips with datalink April 2004 Getting to grips with datalink Foreword FOREWORD The purpose of this document is to provide Airbus aircraft operators with basics on datalink systems and operations. All recommendations and guidance are intended to assist the operators in maximizing the cost-effectiveness of their operations. Traditionally, aircraft communications are based on analog voice via VHF and HF radios, but since the mid-1980s the use of datalink-based communications has emerged. Aircraft can now be equipped to use communication technologies that transport data and make possible to communicate efficiently with the ground at all times during a flight, enabling the exchanges of constant up-to-date information that allows a better decision making. This document assesses the links available for aircraft communications and depicts the applications that could be implemented by airlines to improve day-to- day aircraft operations. Each of these applications is related to benefits associated directly to efficiencies for the airline in aircraft performance and management as well as those of safety, as air traffic controllers must cater for more aircraft within their environments. The use of datalink in airspace management (CNS/ATM concept) is described in the brochure “Getting to grips with FANS” (reference: STL 945.7011/03). Whenever needed, the reader will be invited to refer to this document. Moreover, wide range of new applications (such as Airbus Less Paper Cockpit) can benefit from datalink. Data loading and update could be achieved through datalink. Furthermore, aircraft communications are being expanded to support functions that were previously classified as navigation and surveillance, but these last are not part of this document as not impacting AOC operations. Any questions with respect to information contained herein should be directed to: AIRBUS SAS Flight Operations Support Customer Services Directorate 1, Rond-Point Maurice Bellonte, BP33 31707 BLAGNAC Cedex - FRANCE TELEX: AIRBU 530526F SITA: TLSBI7X Telefax: 33 5 61 93 29 68 Ref: STL 945.3173/04 - 3 - Table of contents Getting to grips with datalink TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary...................................................................................9 Abbreviations..........................................................................................18 Glossary of terms....................................................................................23 1. What is DATALINK? .......................................................................29 1.1. Datalink communication chain.......................................................30 1.2. Datalink in aeronautics ..................................................................31 1.2.1. Basics on aeronautical communications........................................ 31 1.2.2. Historical background ................................................................ 32 1.2.2.1. Use of datalink through 19th / 20th centuries ......................................... 32 1.2.2.2. The early steps of ACARS AOC ............................................................ 32 1.2.2.3. ACARS extension to ATC..................................................................... 33 1.2.2.4. The ACARS limitations........................................................................ 33 2. Datalink components description...................................................35 2.1. Datalink general components ........................................................36 2.2. Airline ground processing systems ................................................37 2.3. Datalink Service Providers (DSP)...................................................38 2.3.1. Ground/Ground communication network....................................... 38 2.3.2. Air/Ground communication network............................................. 38 2.4. Datalink airborne systems .............................................................39 2.4.1. Basics ...................................................................................... 39 2.4.2. Airborne components functional description .................................. 40 2.4.2.1. Datalink applications resident in the ATSU ............................................ 41 2.4.2.2. Datalink applications resident in the FMS.............................................. 41 2.4.2.3. Datalink applications resident in the CMS/CFDS..................................... 41 2.4.2.4. Datalink applications resident in the DMU ............................................. 41 2.4.2.5. Datalink applications resident in the Cabin Terminal................................ 41 3. Airborne Applications software description ...................................45 3.1. ATSU Hosted AOC software............................................................46 3.2. ATSU Remote AOC software...........................................................47 3.2.1. Operation principles................................................................... 47 3.2.2. DMU AOC applications................................................................ 47 3.2.3. CMC/CFDIU AOC applications...................................................... 48 3.2.4. FMS AOC applications ................................................................ 51 3.2.5. Cabin Terminals applications....................................................... 53 3.3. Prospective applications ................................................................53 - 4 - Getting to grips with datalink Table of contents 4. Operational use of datalink ............................................................... 55 4.1. Aircraft operations actors ................................................................. 56 4.1.1. General......................................................................................... 56 4.1.2. Actors overview ............................................................................ 56 4.2. Basic datalink applications ................................................................ 57 4.2.1. OOOI (Out-Off-On-In) ................................................................... 57 4.2.2. Weather ....................................................................................... 57 4.2.3. Free text telex .............................................................................. 58 4.2.4. Maintenance ................................................................................. 59 4.3. Datalink applications per end-users ................................................. 60 4.3.1. Airline flight operations ................................................................. 60 4.3.1.1. Airline flight operations - Pre-flight .................................................... 60 4.3.1.2. Airline flight operations - In-flight ...................................................... 66 4.3.1.3. Airline flight operations - Post-flight ................................................... 73 4.3.2. Airline maintenance ...................................................................... 75 4.3.2.1. Airline maintenance - Pre-flight ......................................................... 75 4.3.2.2. Airline maintenance - In-Flight ......................................................... 76 4.3.2.3. Maintenance ground tool: Airbus’ AIRMAN global solution ...................... 79 4.3.3. Crew management........................................................................ 82 4.3.4. Cabin crew ................................................................................... 84 4.3.5. Aircraft ground handling ................................................................ 86 4.3.5.1. At station ...................................................................................... 86 4.3.5.2. Fueller.......................................................................................... 87 4.3.5.3. De/anti-icing.................................................................................. 88 4.3.5.4. Catering........................................................................................ 89 4.3.6. Passengers ................................................................................... 89 4.3.7. Other aircraft: Air-Air telex............................................................ 89 4.3.8. ATC.............................................................................................. 90 4.3.8.1. Departure
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