UPSC CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION PRELIMS 2019 SPECIAL MCQs – STATIC – MODERN INDIA LECTURE 36
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Wish you all a great success in your endeavours HOME RULE LEAGUE MOVEMENT ✓Factors leading to the Movement ✓How were the leagues formed? ✓Programme under Homer Rule League ✓Government’s Reaction ✓Reasons for fade-out ✓Significance of the Movement www.civilstap.com FACTORS LEADING TO MOVEMENT
1 A section of the nationalists felt that popular pressure was required to attain concessions from the government.
2 The Moderates were disillusioned with the Morley- Minto reforms.
3 People were feeling the burden of wartime miseries caused by high taxation and a rise in prices, and were ready to participate in any aggressive movement of protest.
4 The war, being fought among the major imperialist powers of the day and backed by naked propaganda against each other, exposed the myth of white superiority.
5 Tilak was ready to assume leadership after his release in June 1914, and had made conciliatory gestures— to the government reassuring it of his loyalty and to the Moderates that he wanted, like the Irish Home Rulers, a reform of the administration and not an overthrow of the government.
www.civilstap.com FORMATION OF LEAGUES
1 It was well realised that sanction of the Congress (‘moderate’ dominated) as well as full cooperation of the extremists was essential for the movement to succeed.
2 Attempts were made in 1914 for Moderate-Extremist rapprochement, but it could not reap any substantial results.
3 By early 1915, Annie Besant had launched a campaign to demand self-government for India after the war on the lines of white colonies.
4 She campaigned through her newspapers, “NEW INDIA” and “COMMONWEAL”, and through public meetings and conferences.
5 At the annual session of the Congress in 1915 (BOMBAY/ S.P. SINHA), the efforts of Tilak and Besant met with some success. It was decided that the Extremists be admitted to the Congress.
www.civilstap.com FORMATION OF LEAGUES
1 Although Besant failed to get the Congress to approve her scheme of Home Rule Leagues, the Congress did commit itself to a programme of educative propaganda and to a revival of local-level Congress committees.
TILAK’S LEAGUE BESANT’S LEAGUE ▪ Tilak set up his Home Rule League in April ▪ Annie Besant set up her league in September 1916 and it was restricted to Maharashtra 1916 in Madras and covered the rest of India (excluding Bombay city), Karnataka, Central (including Bombay city). Provinces and Berar. ▪ It had 200 branches, was loosely organised ▪ It had six branches and the demands as compared to Tilak’s League and had included: George Arundale as the organising ✓ Swaraj secretary. ✓ Formation of linguistic states ▪ Besides Arundale, the main work was done ✓ Education in the vernacular by B.W. Wadia and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar.
www.civilstap.com PROGRAMMES UNDER LEAGUES
1 The League campaign aimed to convey to the common man the message of home rule as self-government.
2 It carried a much wider appeal than the earlier mobilisations had and also attracted the hitherto ‘politically backward’ regions of Gujarat and Sindh.
Political education Participating Libraries in local with books government on national activities politics
Holding Social work STRATEGIES conferences
Collecting Classes on funds politics
Propaganda PROGRAMMES UNDER LEAGUES
1 The Home Rule agitation was later joined by Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, Chittaranjan Das, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Tej Bahadur Sapru and Lala Lajpat Rai.
2 Many of the Moderate Congressmen who were disillusioned with Congress inactivity, and some members of Gokhale’s Servants of India Society also joined the agitation.
3 However, Anglo-Indians, most of the Muslims and non-brahmins from the South did not join as they felt Home Rule would mean rule of the Hindu majority, and that too mainly by the high caste. GOVERNMENT’S REACTION
1 The government came down with severe repression, especially in Madras where the students were prohibited from attending political meetings.
2 A case was instituted against Tilak which was, however, rescinded by the high court. Tilak was barred from entering the Punjab and Delhi.
3 In June 1917, Annie Besant and her associates, B.P. Wadia and George Arundale, were arrested. This invited nationwide protest.
4 In a dramatic gesture, Sir S. Subramaniya Aiyar renounced his knighthood while Tilak advocated a programme of passive resistance.
www.civilstap.com IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPRESSION
The repression only served to harden the attitude of the agitators and strengthen their resolve to resist the government.
Montagu, the Secretary of State for India, commented that “Shiva ...cut his wife into fifty-two pieces only to discover that he had fifty-two wives. This is what happens to the Government of India when it interns Mrs Besant.” Annie Besant was released in September 1917.
www.civilstap.com REASONS FOR FADE OUT
1 There was a lack of effective organization.
2 Communal riots were witnessed during 1917-18.
3 Moderates who had joined the Congress after Annie Besant’s arrest were pacified by talk of reforms (contained in Montagu’s statement of August 1917 which held self-government as the long-term goal of the British rule in India) and Besant’s release.
4 Talk of passive resistance by the Extremists kept the Moderates away from activity from September 1918 onwards.
www.civilstap.com REASONS FOR FADE OUT
5 The Montagu-Chelmsford reforms which became known in July 1918 further divided the nationalist ranks.
6 Tilak had to go abroad (September 1918) in connection with a case while Annie Besant vacillated over her response to the reforms and the techniques of passive resistance. With Besant unable to give a positive lead and Tilak away in England, the movement was left leaderless.
www.civilstap.com SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MOVEMENT
The Home Rule Leagues and the associated activities had some positive effects and contributed to the fresh direction that the freedom struggle was to take in the coming years.
1 The movement shifted the emphasis from the educated elite to the masses and added a new dimension and a sense of urgency to the Indian freedom struggle.
2 It created an organizational link between the town and the country (villages), which was to prove crucial in later years when the national movement entered its mass phase in a true sense.
3 It created a generation of ardent nationalists and prepared the masses for politics of the Gandhian style, wherein the freedom movement entered a truly mass phase.
4 The August 1917 declaration of Montagu and the Montford reforms were influenced by the Home Rule agitation.
www.civilstap.com QUESTION 1
Q. Consider the following statements regarding the Home Rule Movement: 1) It was led jointly by Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak. 2) It was acknowledged and actively supported by the Indian National Congress. 3) Formation of linguistic states and education in vernacular were a few of its demands Which of the above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) All are correct Answer : c
www.civilstap.com QUESTION 2
Q. Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order (from earliest to latest): 1) Announcement of Mont-Ford reforms by the British. 2) Lokmanya Tilak sets up his home rule league 3) Annie Besant sets up her home rule league 4) Annie Besant presides the Congress Session Select the correct code: a) 3-2-4-1 b) 2-3-4-1 c) 1-2-3-4 d) 1-3-2-4 Answer : b
www.civilstap.com QUESTION 3
Q. Journals and newspapers by the nationalist leaders played a crucial role in the freedom struggle of India. In this context which of the following is/are correctly matched?
1 – New India Mahatma Gandhi 2 – Commonweal Annie Besant 3 – Kesari Balgangadhar Tilak Select the correct code: a) 1 and 3 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) All are correctly matched Answer : c
www.civilstap.com QUESTION 4
Q. Home Rule Movement was an important landmark event in the history of Indian freedom struggle. In this context which of the following can be regarded as the significance of home rule movement. 1. It prepared the people for a mass struggle. 2. It succeeded in attracting some ‘moderate’ leaders to join the home rule agitation. 3. Readmission of extremists into Congress. Select the correct code: a) 1 and 3 only b) 3 only c) All of the above d) None of the above Answer : c
www.civilstap.com QUESTION 5
Q. The ‘Home Rule Movement’ succeeded in creating a generation of ardent nationalists, yet the movement faded out by 1919. Which of the following is/are not the cause/s of this? 1. Complete absence of the support by the ‘Moderates’. 2. Montagu’s August statement (1917). 3. Lack of an effective organization. Select the correct code: a) 1 only b) 1 and 3only c) 2 and 3 only d) All of the above Answer : a
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