CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS XIII
INTRODUCTION XXI
1. CONCEIVING A NATION 1
Surendranath Banerjea Rammohun Roy: The Father of Modern India 5 Syed Ahmad Khan Hindu and Mussalman 12 Surendranath Banerjea Indian Unity 14 Mahadev Govind Ranade The Evolution of a New India 22 Bal Gangadhar Tilak Empires: Old and New 30 2. CRITIQUE OF COLONIALISM 33
Dadabhai Naoroji Maiden Speech in the House of Commons 35 Dadabhai Naoroji Poverty of India 38 Romesh Chandra Dutt The Economic Condition of India 43 Dinshaw Eduljee Wacha Congress Resolution on Military Expenditure 55 Pherozeshah Merwanji Mehta The Budget Speech\ 1895-96 63 Pherozeshah Merwanji Mehta The Ilbert Bill Controversy 66 Surendranath Banerjea The Vernacular Press Act 75 Badruddin Tyabji Presidential Address, 1887 78 Gopal Krishna Gokhale Excessive Surpluses A Double Wrong': The First Budget Speech in the Imperial Legislative Council 82
3. THE IDEA OF SOCIAL REFORM 96
Kashinath Trimbak Telang Must Social Reform Precede Political Reform in India? 98 N.G. Chandavarkar An Address on Social Reform 112 Mahadev Govind Ranade Reform or Revivalism? 119 Har Bilas Sarda Introducing the Child Marriage Restraint Bill 126 4. NATIONALISM ON THE MARCH 132
Swami Vivekananda Assertion of Universality 135 Ananda Mohan Bose A National Awakening 138 Bal Gangadhar Tilak Tenets of the New Party 140 Lala Lajpat Rai Swadeshi 145 Bipin Chandra Pal The New Movement 149 Annie Besant The Home Rule Resolution 170 Muhammad Ali Jinnah Protest against Internment 172
5. THE DREAMERS 175
Prafulla Chandra Ray Dawn of Science in Modern India 176 Jagadish Chandra Bose The Unity of Life 189 Bidhan Chandra Ray The Future of the Medical Profession in India 197 Meghnad Saha The Present World—One Economic and Cultural Unit 201 C.V. Raman The Raman Effect 206
6. TOWARDS FREEDOM 216
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi The Banaras Hindu University Speech 223 Mohammad Ali Justice to Islam and Turkey 226 Chittaranjan Das The Resolution on Non-cooperation 232 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Address to Congress Workers, Bardoli 234 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Statement at Trial Court, 1922 234 Kazi Nazrul Islam Deposition of a Political Prisoner 236 Manabendra Nath Roy Leftism in Congress 241 S. Satyamurti Adjournment Motion re the Seizure of Subrahmanya Bharathis Songs 250 Bhagat Singh Statement before the Lahore High Court Bench 258 Jawaharlal Nehru lPurna Swaraj', Presidential Address, Lahore Session, 1929 262 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi On the Eve of the Dandi March 267 Jawaharlal Nehru Karachi Resolution, 1930 270 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi I Give You a Mantra 271 Subhas Chandra Bose Message to Gandhi 274 J.B. Kripalani Partition of the Country 277
7. DEMANDS OF REPRESENTATION 281
O. Tanikachala Chettiyar Proportion of Non-Brahmins in the Public and Others Services 283 Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar The Depressed Classes 292 Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Presidential Address, Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha, 1937 300 Muhammad Ali Jinnah Presidential Address, All India Muslim League, Lahore Session, March 1940 311
8. THE BIRTH OF A NATION 325
Jawaharlal Nehru Tryst with Destiny 327 Sarojini Naidu The Battle for Freedom Is Over 329 J.B. Kripalani The End of Centuries-old Slavery 331 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad To the Muslims in Delhi 333 B.T. Ranadive Opening Report on the Draft Political Thesis 338 Lakshmi N. Menon Republic Day Broadcast to the People ofGoa 340
9. THE ASSASSINATION OF MAHATMA GANDHI 343
Vallabhbhai Patel Do Not Lose Heart 344 Jawaharlal Nehru The Light Has Gone Out 346 Sripad Amrit Dange Mahatma Gandhis Death 348 Swami Ranganathananda The Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi 352
10. THE CONSTITUTION: EMBODIMENT OF THE NATIONAL SPIRIT 357
Vallabhbhai Patel Speech at the First Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights 364 Jawaharlal Nehru The Objectives Resolution 365 JJ.M. Nichols Roy On the Objectives Resolution 374 Jawaharlal Nehru Objectives of the Constitution 378 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan The Flag of Dharma 386 Vallabhbhai Patel Cultural and Educational Rights 388 N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar The Official Language 389 Syama Prasad Mookerjee On the National Language 393 Jaipal Singh In Defence of the Adivasi Language 397 V.I. Muniswamy Pillay The New Constitution 400 Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar On the Draft Constitution 404 Rajendra Prasad Let Posterity Judge 415
11. THE SPIRIT OF FREEDOM: QUEST FOR A JUST AND MORAL SOCIETY 433
N.G. Chandavarkar The Children of Light 436 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Swaraj 444 M. Singaravelu Fearlessly Expose the Sham of Casteism and Oppression 446 Rabindranath Tagore Crisis in Civilisation 453 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi The Last Fast 460 Jaipal Singh Damodar Valley Corporation and Tribal Displacement 463 R.R. Diwakar Caste Should Go 467 Renuka Ray Rescue and Rehabilitation of Women 468 Tajamul Hosain Nizamat Should Go 472 Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar The Hindu Code Bill 475 Hansa Mehta Suggestions for the Hindu Code Bill 481 Jaipal Singh On the Report of the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 485 N.C. Chatterjee The Special Marriage Bill 489 N. Rachiah The Untouchability (Offences) Bill 495 Jawaharlal Nehru A Socialistic Pattern of Society 499 Prithviraj Kapoor Capital Punishment Should Go 504 Pandurang Vaman Kane Time Has Not Come 506 Ram Manohar Lohia Daily Earnings of an Indian 508 Indira Gandhi To Martin Luther King 515 Jayaprakash Narayan Revolution on the Agenda 517 Indira Gandhi For a Just and Moral International Order 520 Baba Amte My Colleagues in Conscience 528
12. ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT 531
G. Subramanian Iyer Industrialization of the Country 534 Purusottamdas Thakurdas Presidential Address, FICCl 1928 547 Nalini Ranjan Sarkar Indian Economy 552 Subhas Chandra Bose National Planning 573 Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Studies Related to Planning for National Development 575 Jawaharlal Nehru The Second Five Year Plan 582 Jawaharlal Nehru Temples of the New Age 587 Homi Jehangir Bhabha Development of Atomic Energy in India 590 Indira Gandhi Nationalization of Private Commercial Banks 595 Manmohan Singh General Budget Speech, 1992-93 598 Nani Palkhivala On the General Budget of 1992-93 599 Somnath Chatterjee Surrendering Self-reliance 603 Amartya Sen Development as Freedom 611
13. THE CHINESE AGGRESSION 622
Jawaharlal Nehru Massive Aggression on Our Frontiers 625 Hari Vishnu Kamath The 1962 War: A Critical Evaluation 629 J.B. Kripalani Motion Regarding the White Paper on Indo-Chinese Relations 631 Bhupesh Gupta Communist Support to the War Effort 639 P.N. Sapru Defence of India Bill, 1962 643
14. STATE OF THE NATION—I 647
Vallabhbhai Patel The Mantle Will Now Fall on Young Shoulders 650 N. Gopalaswamy Ayyangar Situation in Kashmir 653 Sheikh Abdullah The Real Issue 655 Vallabhbhai Patel Defence of India Rules, 1950 663 Syama Prasad Mookerjee On Jammu and Kashmir 665 Jawaharlal Nehru Resolution on Linguistic Provinces 675 O.V. Alagesan On Linguistic States 687 Jawaharlal Nehru The Naga Issue 691 C.N. Annadurai Dravida Nadu 693 Jayaprakash Narayan The Nagaland Peace Mission 695 Kapur Singh Punjabi Suba 698 Nath Pai Governors of States 704 Kanu Sanyal Declaration of the Formation ofCPI(M-L) 708 Indira Gandhi Inauguration of New States 715
15. EDUCATION 716
Syed Ahmad Khan Foundation of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College 718 Pherozeshah Merwanji Mehta Speech at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Bombay Graduates' Association 720 Gopal Krishna Gokhale Free and Compulsory Primary Education 735 Rabindranath Tagore The Education Mission of Visva-Bharati 738 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi The Wardha Scheme 743 Sripad Amrit Dange On the Poona University Bill 747 Meghnad Saha Reforms in Higher Education 753 M.C. Chagla Structure of Education 755 Bhupesh Gupta On the Jawaharlal Nehru University Bill 760 R.K. Narayan Burden on Childhood 764
16. LABOUR 766
Joseph Baptista Address at the First All-India Trade Union Congress 767 Lala Lajpat Rai Presidential Address, AITUC, 1920 769 Parvathi Krishnan Industrial Disputes (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Bill, 1956 773 Sripad Amrit Dange Second Pay Commission, 1957 781 17. STATE OF THE NATION—II 786
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan / Have Come to Serve You 790 Jayaprakash Narayan Time for Struggle, Not for Studies 791 N.G. Goray Opposing the Emergency 795 Uma Shankar Joshi In Opposition to the Emergency 800 Indira Gandhi In Defence of Democracy 803 G.G. Swell Communal Violence in Gujarat 813 P.V. Narasimha Rao Countering Communal Forces 815 Sonia Gandhi Follow My Own Inner Voice 817
18. INDIA AND THE WORLD 819
Jawaharlal Nehru India's Foreign Policy 821 Jawaharlal Nehru Membership of the Commonwealth 824 Jawaharlal Nehru Asia Finds Herself Again 826 Chakravarthy Rajagopalachari On the Korean Situation 832 V.K. Krishna Menon India and the United Nations Agenda 842 V.K. Krishna Menon On Kashmir 847 Homi Jehangir Bhabha Presidential Address, First International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy 866 V.K. Krishna Menon On South Africa 870 M.C. Chagla India and West Asia 877 Brajesh Mishra Statement on Pokaran, 1974 878 Indira Gandhi Support to the Palestinian Cause 880 Rajiv Gandhi On Disarmament 882 P.V. Narasimha Rao Challenge and Opportunity in the Post-Cold War Era: An Indian Perspective on the Emerging Structure of Interstate Relations 885 Atal Bihari Vajpayee The Nuclear Tests at Pokaran 889
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 893 SOURCES AND COPYRIGHT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 902 INDEX 913