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Home , Abul Kalam Azad, Chittaranjan Das, Jallianwala Bagh, Lala Lajpat Rai, Sarojini Naidu

Wins Freedom 16

Get Set Answer the following. 1. In which year did lIndia become independent? 2. Who was the first ? 3. Who was the first President of India? 4, Who composed the National Anthem of India? 5. What is our National Song?

Nhe of strikes and boycotts. , achieved limited success during and Bipin Chandra its early years. The leaders of the Pal (called Lal-Bal-Pal) were the three Congress at this time were known as popular leaders of the Radical group. the Moderates. and is and I shall were moderate my birthright, leaders. They believed in pleading with have it. Bal Gangadhar Tilak the British government to bring about reforms. Gradually there grew another Partition of In 1905, the British decided to partition group within the Congress. They were called the Bengal. One Radicals. part was They wanted tohavea to oppose largely Hindu the Britishn population, strongly. while the other They were part was to 107 n lavour BAL GANGADHAR TILAK have a Muslim LALA LAJPAT RAl

Fori rjatailed nstructions, see inside front cover. the peaceful satyagrahi

1883 1915 1891 2 October 1869 married to 1888 1893 returned Kasturbai Makhanji returned to India Kapadia (known to India; from South started a law born in Porbandar as 'Kasturba' Africa or 'Ba') practice (in Gujarat) went to travelled to South to Karamchand to Africa; spent the next and Putlibai study law 21 years there

ATTORNEY

majority. The partition was an attempt The revolutionaries to prevent and from Some young people in Bengal, uniting against the British. People and felt that the Moderates strongly opposed the partition. The and the Radicals had not achieved Congress launched the Swadeshi and enough. These revolutionaries believed the Boycott Movement. As a result, that the British could be driven out the British were forced to reunite of India only through force. They were Bengal in 1911. willing to sacrifice their lives for the country. Ajit Singh, Aurobindo Ghosh, Swadeshi and Bovcott and Veer Savarkar were Swadeshi means of ones own country. the early revolutionaries. Some of them The movement aimed to popularize were later arrested and the use of goods nmade in India. People hanged. were asked to boycott all foreign goods. Gandhiji leads the nation They made huge bonfires of foreign- In 1915, Mohandas Karamchand A number of women Gandhi made goods. large returned to India from South the movement. Africa. In and students joined South Africa, he had fought tried to suppress The government against the racist policies of the white rulers. 108 the movement. His method of fighting, known 1946-47 1920 1930

***************** ******************* 30 January 1922 travelled to 1948 launched the led the Salt 1942 different parts of

Non-Cooperation March, which *** **** India, spreading Movement against started the Civil ******************| the message the British passed withdrew the Disobedience of peace Movement launched the away in movement; Quit India New sent to prison Movement sent to prison

as , was based on two Hundreds of people were killed and principles truth and non-violence. thousands were injured. The country After returning to India, Gandhiji was shocked by this incident. All travelled across the country. He was national leaders protested strongly shocked by the poverty. He decided to against this cruel act. fight not only the British but also the The entrance to prevailing social and religious practices, especially the caste system. He asked people not to obey the unjust laws of the government. JALLIANWALA BAGH Jallianwala Bagh Massacre On 13 , a public meeting was held at Jallianwala Bagh in . General Dyer came here and ordered IS Soldiers to fire at the crowd.

here is no God higher than truth." 109 Mahatma Gandhi Commission. It came to India in 1928 Non-Cooperation Movement As there was no Indian member in it, In 1920, Gandhiji launched the decided to boycott it. Non-Cooperation Movement. He asked the Congress of revolutionaries people to disobey laws peacefully. But A new group became active at this time. Rajguru, in Chauri Chaura (in ), Some Sukhdev, Chandrashekhar people set fire to a police station , and Azad and challenged 22 policemen died. Gandhiji was against violence and he withdrew the the government. movement immediately. Leaders such as , Checkpoint Sardar , , Fill in the blanks. CRajagopalachari, Maulana Azad, 1. The were in favour Chittaranjan , and of strikes and boycotts. participated actively Aurobindo Ghosh was a in the Non-Cooperation Movement. leader. 3. Gandhji's method of fighting was called General Dyer fired at the people The law and order situation in the gathered at. country was getting out of control. The government decided to make some changes and appointed the Simon Movement In December 1929, the Congress STMO demanded ' (Complete O BACK Independence) from the government. The Civil Disobedience Movement began in early 1930 under the leadership of Gandhiji. The movement began with the Dandi March. Indians were not allowed to make salt. Gandhiji and his followers walked from Sabarmati Ashram (in Ahmadabad) to Dandi (near Surat), along the coast of Gujarat. Here Gandhiji made salt and broke the Salt Law. The 110 Indians protested against the Simon Commission. movement other soon sprea parts of India. ARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL MAULANA ABUL AZAD SAROJINI NAIDU JAWAHARLAL NEHRU

uit fnda Movennent India becomes Iree In August 1942, Gandhiji started the After the Second World War ended in Ouit India Movement. The British 1945, the British government agreed to government was asked to 'Quit India leave India. However, it was decided Gandhiji asked the people to Do or Die todivide the country into two India in their attempt to throw the British out and . On 15 August 1947, India of the country. There were nationwide became a free country. protests. Many leaders were jailed. Independent India Jawaharlal Nehru was elected the first was the leader Prime Minister of India. Dr Rajendra of the Indian National Army (INA), Prasad became the first President. also known as the Fauj. With this began a new phase in the He fought against the British. He gave . us the slogan ". FouctWise Jawaharlal Nehru gave a speech to welcome India's Independence. He said: "Long years ago we made a , and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. Subhas Chandra Bose (circled) with embers of INA

Subhas Chandra Bose 111 Give me blood and I will give you freedom. wrds to know made in ) with (here, goods boycott reruse to buy or deal about a change force to bring revolutionary one who believes in using or race of people racist policy untair treatment of a particular group

Quick recap

Ihe Moderates and the Radicals were the two groups within the Congress

Hindus and the Muslims. In 1905, Bengal was partitioned to divide the in against the he swadeshi and Boycott Movement was launched protest partition of Bengal. 1920. He asked people to Gandhiji launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in use peaceful methods of protest. demanded Purna The Indians boycotted the Simon Commission. The Congress was launched. Swaraj in 1929. Soon after, the Civil Disobedience Movement British were asked to The was launched in 1942. The leave India. India became free on 15 August 1947.

Read and answer

A Tick () the correct answers.

Opposition to the partition of Bengal led to the Movement. c. Quit India Movement. a. Swadeshi and Boycott d. Non-Cooperation Movemernt. b. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.

was the main of the 2. Disobeying laws peacefully objective Movement. C. Quit India Movement. a. Civil Disobedience b. Non-Cooperation Movement. d. Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.

was led 3. The Indian National Army by a. Jawaharlal Nehru. c. Mahatma Gandhi. b. Veer Savarkar. d. Subhas Chandra Bose.

India was 4 The first President of independent a. Mahatma Gandhi. c. Subhas Chandra Bose. 112 b. Dr Rajendra Prasad d Jawaharlal Nehru. Write the years in which these events occurred.

Partition of Bengal 4. Civil Disobedience Movement 1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 5. Quit India Movement 2, Non-Cooperation Movement 6. India gets freedom

CAnswerthese questions.

Howwere the Moderates different from the Radicals? Why did the British decide to partition Bengal? Write a short note on the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement? contribution of our national movement? 5. What was the Subhas Chandra Bose to HOTS D Think and answer. Gandhiji spent some time every day spinning '' on the charkha. He encouraged

the use of khadi. What was his reason for doing this?

Do and learn

E ACTIVITY Indian National Congress led the fight against the British. Find out and write in which of its sessions did the following happen. YEAR PLACE

the Radicals 1. Split between the Moderates and Sucheta Kriplani sang 2. Jana Gana Mana sung for the first time the before Pandit Nehru gave his 'tryst with 3. Purna Swaraj Resolution passed destiny' speech in 4, Resolution on Fundamental Rights passed the Parliament.

contribution towards PROJECT Select five leaders who made a major the independence movement in India. Then divide the class into five groups.

one of them. tach group will make a project on any G freedom fighters. Visit rsgr.in/bss511 WEBLINK Learn more about some important and click on Freedom Fighters.

was in school, the Inspector of Schools, VALUE When Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi He took a spelling test and gave the students five i Giles, came for a school inspection. was 'kettle. Gandhiji could not spell it correctly. cnglish words to write. One of the words from his neighbours slate. What does this tell you ne refused to copy the correct spelling bGandhiji? What do you learn from this? 113