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Pustaka-Indo.Blogspot.Com pustaka-indo.blogspot.com pustaka-indo.blogspot.com MIZAN PUSTAKA: KRONIK ZAMAN BARU adalah salah satu lini produk (product line) Penerbit Mizan yang menyajikan buku-buku bertema umum dan luas yang merekam informasi dan pe mikiran mu takhir serta penting bagi masyarakat Indonesia. pustaka-indo.blogspot.com pustaka-indo.blogspot.com DARI GESTAPU KE REFORMASI: SERANGKAIAN KESAKSIAN © Salim Said, 2013 Penyunting: Andityas Prabantoro Proofreader: Ine Uiyatiputri Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang All rights reserved Diterbitkan oleh Penerbit Mizan PT Mizan Pustaka Anggota IKAPI Jln. Cinambo No. 135 (Cisaranten Wetan), Ujungberung, Bandung 40294 Telp. (022) 7834310 – Faks. (022) 7834311 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mizan.com facebook: Penerbit Mizan twitter: @penerbitmizan Desainer sampul: Andreas Kusumahadi Fotografer sampul: Ganang Ariardi Penata aksara: Opik Lubis Digitalisasi: Tim Konversi Mizan Publishing House ISBN 978-979-433-816-2 Didistribusikan oleh Mizan Digital Publishing (MDP) Jln. T. B. Simatupang Kv. 20, Jakarta 12560 - Indonesia Phone: +62-21-78842005 — Fax.: +62-21-78842009 website: www.mizan.com e-mail: [email protected] twitter: @mizandotcom facebook: mizan digital publishing pustaka-indo.blogspot.com Buku ini saya persembahkan kepada almarhum Haji Said dan almarhumah Hajjah Salma, orangtuaku yang telah mempersiapkan saya menjadi apa adanya sekarang. Semoga kubur mereka dilapangkan, rahmat dan maghirah dilimpahkan, serta segala dosa mereka dihapuskan Allah Swt. pustaka-indo.blogspot.com Ucapan Terima Kasih Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih sebesar-besarnya kepada nama-nama berikut yang secara bersama-sama telah memberi- kan dukungan bagi penulisan dan peluncuran buku ini. Mereka adalah: 1. Jenderal TNI (Purn.) Luhut Binsar Panjaitan 2. Ir. Haji Isran Noor (Bupati Kutai Timur) 3. Kim J. Mulia (PT Asuransi Intra Asia) 4. Dr. Ir. Haji Akbar Tanjung pustaka-indo.blogspot.com Belum Sebuah Memoar: Prakata Singkat Penulis uku ini belumlah sebuah memoar. Saya merasa belum cukup Bpen ting dan berada dalam posisi meminta kesediaan orang lain mem baca tentang diri saya. Wartawan biasanya menyebut saya sebagai “pengamat”, atau “pakar”, dan memang itulah ki- ra-kira saya. Selalu hanya mengamati, menganalisis, lalu me ngo- mentari. Saya belum pernah duduk pada posisi yang diamati dan dikomentari. Maka, rasanya agak lucu kalau saya ikut-ikut menu- lis memoar. Namun, sebagai orang yang selama seperempat abad men- jadi warta wan, puluhan tahun menjadi peneliti—terutama meng- amati tentara yang berpolitik—dan sebagai aktivis kesenian un- tuk waktu cukup lama serta kebetulan selama tiga setengah ta hun dipercayai menduduki kursi duta besar, banyak peristiwa penting yang saya saksikan. Pada masa lalu, sebagian besar ke- saksian itu tidak mudah dibeberkan. Sebagai akibat runtuhnya rezim otoriter Soeharto dan bangkitnya Reformasi, hal yang dulu dianggap tabu, alhamdulillah kini sudah mungkin diungkapkan. Dalam hal itu, buku ini sebenarnya juga layak berjudul Now It Can Be Told. Ketika saya memasuki usia 70 tahun, muncul dorongan un- tuk ber bagi kepada mereka yang mungkin tertarik dan barang- kali akan men dapat manfaat dari berbagai kesaksian saya ter- sebut. Banyak yang ter dapat di buku ini merupakan penjelasan terhadap sejumlah pertanyaan yang selalu diajukan para maha- siswa saya tentang apa sebenarnya yang terjadi pada masa lalu dan mengapa terjadi demikian. Para mahasiswa saya dan anak- anak muda segenerasinya serta generasi yang akan datang ada- pustaka-indo.blogspot.com 8 | DARI GESTAPU KE REFORMASI lah pem baca yang saya bayangkan ketika mempersiapkan buku ini. Sumber utama buku ini adalah pengamatan dan pengalam- an. Ca tat an kesaksian ini dipersiapkan bertahun-tahun secara per lahan-lahan. Sejumlah wawancara—yang sebagian besar di- re kam—sudah mulai saya lakukan sejak pertengahan tahun dela- pan puluhan ketika secara berang sur, para pelaku politik dan militer Orde Baru mulai memasuki masa pensiun. Tatkala seorang tokoh memasuki masa pensiun, pada umumnya mereka tiba-tiba sadar tidak ingin pengalaman masa lalunya hilang begitu saja. Mereka ingin didengar, karena itu menulis memoar atau mem- buka diri diwawancarai. Kesempatan demikian menguntungkan saya. Dan saya manfaatkan dengan baik. Karena kandungan buku ini sebagian ditulis sekian puluh ta- hun kemudian, demi lebih mendekati keakuratan, saya sering me lengkapi ingatan dan catatan de ngan bahan bacaan—utama- nya memoar dan do ku men—di samping sejumlah wawancara ba ru. Untunglah mereka yang dulu berperan dalam kegiatan yang saya saksikan itu sebagian masih hidup. Umumnya mereka de ngan senang hati membantu merekonstruk si ingatan saya se- hingga kemudian merasa cukup percaya diri menulis kesaksian- kesaksian tersebut. Kepada setiap narasumber selalu saya sam- paikan ketakutan saya membuat itnah. Untuk maksud itulah, tu lisan-tulisan dalam buku ini—harus saya umumkan—sebelum naik cetak, merupakan karya saya yang terbanyak dibaca oleh para tokoh yang per nah berperan pada masa lalu. De ngan ca- tatan, tambahan, saran, dan korek si, mereka semuanya, para to- koh itu, secara berjamaah telah berjasa menolong menghindar- kan saya dari berbuat itnah dan kecerobohan. De ngan berkata demikian, saya tetap saja tidak bisa menja- min bah wa semua tulisan dalam buku ini pasti sudah bebas dari kecerobohan. Saya juga manusia biasa de ngan segala kelemah- an. Maka, seandainya Anda masih menemukan sesuatu yang men curigakan sebagai berbau itnah, percayalah itu semata aki­ bat kecerobohan saya saja, bukan suatu kejahatan terencana. pustaka-indo.blogspot.com PRAKATA SINGKAT PENULIS | 9 Sayalah yang harus dipersalahkan untuk kecero bohan demikian. Bukan siapa-siapa. Dorongan menulis kesaksian ini—antara lain—bersumber pa da beratnya beban saya sebagai seorang yang karena pena- kut, tidak berani menulis secara terbuka apa saja yang saya ke- tahui dan saksikan pada masa Orde Baru dahulu. Sejak menulis disertasi tentang peran politik militer Indonesia, hingga jatuhnya rezim Soeharto—dalam keadaan cemas—saya selalu berdoa ke- pada Allah agar hamba-Nya yang pengecut ini diha diahi kiranya kesehatan dan umur panjang supaya suatu kali mendapat pe- luang mengungkapkan apa yang sebenarnya saya alami dan sak- sikan pada masa itu. Alhamdulillah, kini sebagian besar yang dulu ditabukan sudah boleh de ngan bebas dipercakapkan. Harapan saya semoga kesak sian penulis—yang sekarang mungkin tidak lagi terlalu baru, apalagi dramatis—yang terkumpul dalam buku ini bisa sedikit lebih memper kaya pengetahuan Anda tentang apa yang sebenarnya terjadi pada masa otoriter dulu. Buku ini terbit pada usia saya yang ke-70. Semoga diterima Allah sebagai tanda syukur saya atas segala anugerah-Nya. Saya amat berterima kasih kepada segala macam rezeki yang dianuge- rahkan Allah kepada saya sekeluarga selama ini. Semoga aliran rezeki tersebut terus menyertai kami hingga tarikan napas yang terakhir. Kepada semua narasumber yang jumlahnya sangat ba- nyak dan teman-teman yang mendukung usa ha penulisan dan pe nerbitan buku ini, saya juga mengucapkan terima kasih sebe- sar-besarnya. Mo hon maaf—karena terlalu banyak—saya tidak bisa me nye but na ma mereka satu per satu. Harapan dan doa saya, semoga Allah membalas kebaikan mereka semua. Karena tulisan-tulisan dalam buku ini ditulis secara terpisah dan dalam rentang waktu yang panjang, beberapa pengulangan tidak mudah terhindarkan. Mohon pengertian dan maaf terha- dap hal demikian. Salim Said Jakarta, Maret 2013 pustaka-indo.blogspot.com pustaka-indo.blogspot.com Kata Sambutan Dr. Haji Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Assalamu‘alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, engan memanjatkan puji syukur ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha DEsa, saya menyambut baik dan menyampaikan penghargaan atas terbitnya buku karya Prof. Dr. Salim Said, berjudul Dari Ges­ tapu ke Reformasi: Serangkaian Kesaksian ini. Meskipun telah ba- nyak buku yang ditulis oleh Pak Salim Said, tetapi buku yang di- tulis bersamaan dengan peringatan Hari Ulang Tahunnya yang ke-70 ini, tentu mempunyai makna dan nilai tersendiri. Sebagai seorang sahabat, saya telah lama mengenal dan mem punyai kenangan tersendiri tentang Pak Salim Said. Itu se- mua berawal ketika pada suatu hari, pada tahun 1988, saya ber- sama dua orang teman seangkatan dalam pendidikan di Akademi Militer, yaitu Pak Sjamsul Ma‘arif dan Pak Eddi Budianto (alm.), saat itu kami bertiga berpangkat Mayor, datang menemui Pak Salim Said. Kedatangan kami pada waktu itu adalah atas arahan Bapak Letjen TNI (Purn.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, Gubernur dan Guru kami di Akademi Militer dan juga mertua saya. Tujuannya agar kami dapat berbincang dan berdiskusi dengan Pak Salim Said, untuk menambah wawasan, baik di bidang militer maupun pustaka-indo.blogspot.com bidang-bidang lainnya. Sejak saat itulah, saya mulai mengenal lebih dekat dan bersahabat dengan Pak Salim Said. Di kalangan militer, banyak yang mengenal Pak Salim Said sebagai pengamat militer, tetapi saya sendiri melihatnya lebih dari itu. Atensi dan sifat kritisnya dalam melihat dan memandang berbagai masalah, ditambah profesi awalnya sebagai seorang aktivis dan jurnalis, menjadikannya sebagai sosok pengamat yang tajam dan produktif, tidak hanya di bidang militer, tetapi juga dalam berbagai masalah kenegaraan lainnya. Beliau juga seorang budayawan, guru, dan dosen yang baik dalam bidang-bidang ter- sebut, khususnya di bidang politik dan militer. Oleh karena itu, meskipun jiwa aktivis dan jurnalisnya selalu melekat pada diri Pak Salim Said, tetapi dunia akademis tidak pernah ditinggalkannya.
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