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Students Shot Dead on Black Friday

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Students Shot Dead on Black Friday Tapol bulletin no, 149/150, December 1998 This is the Published version of the following publication UNSPECIFIED (1998) Tapol bulletin no, 149/150, December 1998. Tapol bulletin (149). pp. 1-32. ISSN 1356-1154 The publisher’s official version can be found at Note that access to this version may require subscription. Downloaded from VU Research Repository https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25991/ ISSN 1356-1154 The Indonesia Human Rights Campaign TAPOL Bulletin No. 149/150 December 1998 Students shot dead on Black Friday Calls for ABRI to get out ofpolitics and for Suharto to be put on trial reverberated on the streets of Jakarta for a whole week as tens of thousands of students and hundreds of thousands of citizens protested against the Supreme Consultative Assembly (MPR) special session. On Black Friday, 13 November, eight students were slain as troops opened fire on peaceful demonstrators, almost six months to the day after student demonstrators forced the dictator, Suharto, to step down. The mass campaign against the MPR's special session sticks and unarmed students who resorted to throwing began on 28 October, when tens of thousands of students stones. Throughout the week, armoured vehicles and water demonstrated peacefully in Jakarta, protesting against the cannon supplied to the Indonesian armed forces by British meeting scheduled for 10-13 November and denouncing companies, were used to quell the protesters. the dwifungsi which gives ABRI, the armed forces unre­ In addition to the troops, the armed forces had hired stricted powers in all the affairs of state. gangs of men to join a vigilante brigade called PAM The demonstrations that began on 10 November grew Swakarsa armed with sharpened bamboo sticks (bambu in size as the week progressed. The students raised three runcing), to set upon the demonstrators. In many incidents, main demands: these gangs were the first to start throwing missiles from behind the lines of troops. These gangs played such a dis- • reject the Special Session of the Supreme Consulta­ tive Assembly, the MPR, See back page for NOTE FROM THE EDITORS • abolish the army's dwifungsi (the dual function) which allows ABRI to play a dominant role in po­ POLITICS litical affairs, and Students shot dead on Black Friday p. l • put Suharto on trial for corruption and human rights HUMAN RIGHTS TAPOL, 25 years, and still going strong p.5 violations. TAPOL' s anniversary celebration p.10 By Thursday, hundreds of thousands were out on the 25th anniversary tributes p.12 streets, clamouring to get near to the MPR building where Witch-hunt in Java and Madura p.14 the one thousand members were cloistered behind a huge The findings of TGPF p.18 wall of troops. OBITUARY The tens of thousands of students came from universi­ Wim Wertheim, a man against the stream p.16 ties in Jakarta and West Java. The groups included Forkot, THE 1965 AFFAIR or City Forum, FKSMJ or Communications Forum of Suharto's role in the 1965 coup p.20 Greater Jakarta Student Senates, HM/ or Muslim Students EASTTIMOR Under the Indonesian jackboot p.22 Association, Kobar or Workers' Action Reform Commit­ Are the forces of occupation losing control ? p.25 tee, Komrad or Committee of Students and People for De­ Yunus Yosfiah's role in the Balibo killings p.32 mocracy, Famred or Students Action Front for Reform and WEST PAPUA Democracy, Forbes or Collective Forum, KPM or Youth Independence calls reverberate in West Papua p.27 Committee to Support Megawati, the Students' Family of ACEH the Bandung Institute of Technology, and many others. Forcibly deported refugee goes on trial p.29 With students trying to approach the MPR building Conflict with ABRI intensifies p.30 from different directions, some succeeded in breaching the ARMS SALES blockade and were set upon by troops. Pitch battles ensued Arms sales intensify debt crisis p.31 between soldiers wielding rifles butts, truncheons and lobby of a bank where he had fled to take cover when .a POLITICS soldier aimed his gun and fired a rubber bullet into h.1s chest. ·I tried to get up but the soldiers kicked me agam ruptive role that the Jakarta police chief tried to have them and I knew I had to run, even if I couldn't breathe.' disarmed and removed from the streets. In several parts of [Sydney Morning Herald, 21 November] the city. inhabitants repulsed vigilantes who tried to enter their kampungs. In the clashes that ensued, several of the vigilantes \Vere killed. The first student casualties fell on 12 November when a 20-year old man named Lukman Firdaus was fatally in­ Hired to inform on the students jured by gunfire and scores of people were wounded. Wiwid Prawito, 21 , who is a student at Trisakti Univer- 1 Thousands of students intent on encircling the MPR sity, Jakarta, was recruited as an informer for the intelli­ building confronted the troops and the vigilantes in four gence operation to protect the MPR against the students. different parts of the city. After being assailed with trun­ Full of remorse for having betrayed his fellow students, he cheons and bambu runcing, the demonstrators were at­ decided to tell the National Human Rights Commission of tacked with water cannon, teargas and gunfire. his experiences and seek its protection for himself and his family. The Semanggi Tragedy He was hired back in August by a soldier, a second­ On the next day, which was to become known as Black class private from a military police unit attached to the Friday, even larger crowds filled the streets. The worst presidential guard, whom he knew only by the initials BL. clashes occurred around the Semanggi cloverleaf bridge They had met at a bus stop. The soldier made several visits near Atma Jaya University, which is about a kilometre to the family home to win their confidence. from the MPR building. By early afternoon, according to Then one day, BL took Wiwik to a place in Tanah­ Waspada [14 November], tens of thousands of students abang, Jakarta, where he was introduced to an ABRI offi­ joined by workers and other Jakarta citizens, had gathered cer and asked to sign a contract agreeing to help safeguard near the cloverleaf. Their intention was to march to the the MPR. When he refused, he was warned that they knew MPR building but they were prevented from doing so by all about his parents and sister who might suffer the conse­ large numbers of troops and vigilantes, many on armoured quences. vehicles below. They were attacked with water cannon and He was assigned to recruit civilian guards and monitor· tear gas, and when this failed to disperse the crowds, shots universities for information about the student movement. were fired. The Waspada account describes troops on ar­ One of his assignments was to transport people from a moured vehicles careering from place to place in an at­ number of locations to Cijantung, (headquarters of Kopas~ tempt to disperse the demonstrators, and prevent them from sus, the army's elite corps). He made trips to Pandeglang, approaching the MPR. Most of the troops were from Banten, Solo, Yogyakarta, Semarang and Surabaya, by KOSTRAD, the army's strategic command, and BRIMOB, army truck. At each place, he handed over an envelope to a the police anti-riot corps. local government official who then supplied several dozen According to other reports, the sound of gunfire rang men. In all, he transported about 160 men to Cijantung. out for seven hours and by the end of the day, it was clear He was instructed to mingle with students at Atma Jaya that at least seven students had been killed in the vicinity of University during the MPR session. On 13 November, he Semanggi and hundreds injured, many from gunfire. received a message from BL through his pager warning Richard Lloyd Parry of The Independent who was in him to move out as there would be a 'shooting spree' from the thick of it wrote: I to 4 pm. ' ... a few thousand students began to gather in front of 'I was promised Rp 10,000 for each piece of informa­ Atma Jaya university, to be joined by several thousand ... tion I supplied but I haven't received anything.' he told the young men from poor neighbourhoods nearby. They were Commission members: unarmed, they were 20 minutes' walk from the parliament Munir, the director of Kontras, the Commission for and the worst offence being committed was obstructing the · Missing Persons and Victims of Violence, who accompa­ traffic. The soldiers I saw ... were energetic combat troops. nied Wiwid, said: 'This is part of the political terror, taking They began firing at 3. 40pm as armoured cars and water advantage of people's economic plight to recruit them for cannon advanced down the road. The legitimate job of military operations.' [Kompas and Jakarta Post, 22 No­ clearing the road was achieved in five minutes. But the vember] barrage of shooting continued unabated for a full I 5 min­ utes. At least four people were fatally wounded during that Many of those recruited were unemployed men from first round offiring ... ' [The Independent, 19 November] across Java. Several interviewed by Jakarta Post while the MPR session was still in progress said they were paid Rp Police chief Rusmanhadi later denied that the troops I 0,000 ($1.25) a day plus food,. which, in these difficult had been equipped with live ammunition. However, doc­ times, 'was better than sitting at home doing nothing'. tors who carried out autopsies on the dead students told the [Jakarta Post, 12 November] press that they had found metal fragments from 'high­ velocity type' bullets in the bodies of the seven students.
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