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KENNAN INSTITUTE

KENNAN INSTITUTE Annual Report 2003-2004

Kennan Institute Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20004-3027

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www.wilsoncenter.org/kennan Back row (left to right): Edita Krunkaityte, Blair A. Ruble, Nancy Popson, F. Joseph Dresen, Atiq Sarwari Front row (left to right): Margaret Paxson, Summer Brown, Erin Trouth, Jennifer Giglio, Thecla L. Frazier

Kennan Institute Staff Irina Petrova, Office Manager Blair A. Ruble, Director Pavel Korolev, Program Officer Margaret Paxson, Senior Associate Anna Toker, Accountant Nancy Popson, Senior Associate Murad Pateev, Technical Support F. Joseph Dresen, Program Associate Jennifer Giglio, Program Associate Kennan Kyiv Project Atiq Sarwari, Program Associate Yaroslav Pylynskyi, Project Manager Summer Brown, Program Specialist Nataliya Samozvanova, Office Manager Thecla L. Frazier, Program Assistant Edita Krunkaityte, Program Assistant Research Interns 2003-2004 Erin Trouth, Program Assistant Jaime Atteniese, Galina Belimenko, Jamey Burho, Philip Butler, William Also employed at the Kennan Institute Clark, Donna M. D’Aleo, Miranda Der during the 2003-04 program year: Ohanian, Sapna Desai, Adam Fuss, Muhitdin Ahunhodjaev, Financial Natalya Grokh, Brooks Hickman, Conway Management Specialist Irwin, Oksana Klymovych, Kiiha Manty, Claudia Roberts, Secretary Peter Mattocks, Elyssa Palmer, Sofia Plagakis, Emily Resnick, Stephen Rogers, Kennan Moscow Project Caitlin Ryan, Aaron Sander, Gregory Galina Levina, Program Manager Shtraks, Victoria Snigur, Maria Ekaterina Alekseeva, Program Manager Sonevytsky, Erin Urban, Maria Vassilieva, ii and Editor Ves Vorobyev

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER CONTENTS

OVERVIEW 2

DIRECTOR’S REVIEW 4

ADVISORY COUNCILS 8

KENNAN COUNCIL 10

SCHOLARS 11

CENTERS FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND EDUCATION 19

MEETINGS 30

PUBLICATIONS 54

FUNDING 59

Photographs for this report were provided by William Craft Brumfield, photographer and Professor of Slavic Languages at Tulane University. The originals of these photographs are in the permanent collection of the Photographic Archives of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | CONTENTS OVERVIEW

The Kennan Institute was founded as a division of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in December 1974 through the joint initiative of Ambassador George F. Kennan, then Wilson Center Director James Billington, and historian S. Frederick Starr. Named in honor of Ambassador Kennan’s relative, George Kennan “the Elder” (1845–1924), a nineteenth-century explorer of Russia and Siberia, the Kennan Institute is committed to improving American expertise and knowledge about Russia, Ukraine, and other states in the region. It is one of several area studies programs of the Wilson Center. The Center is an international, interdisciplinary scholarly institution that fosters scholarship in the humanities and social sciences and encourages dialogue between the disciplines and the professions. The director of the Kennan Institute reports to the director of the Woodrow Wilson Center and receives guidance from the Kennan Institute Advisory Council and the Kennan Council. The Kennan Institute offers residential research scholarships in the humanities and social sciences to academic scholars and specialists from government, the media, and the private sector. Thanks to its location in Washington, D.C., the Kennan Institute is able to provide its scholars with access to libraries, archives, research facilities, and human resources that are among the finest in the United States. Following in the tradition of the Wilson Center, the Institute also provides decision makers in the private and public sector access to the expertise of its scholars in residence through such activities as Policy Forums at the Department of State, its public lecture program, and interviews with the media. In addition to its residential scholar program, the Institute administers an active program of public lectures featuring scholars and public figures from the United States, Russia, and other successor states to the Soviet Union. The Institute makes the results of its activities known in a variety of publications including Meeting Reports, Occasional Papers, Special Reports, and commercially published books. The majority of Kennan Institute publications are available free of charge and are regularly distributed to individuals, university libraries, and companies throughout the world, and are available through the Internet. Through its innovative workshop series, the Kennan Institute serves as a forum where junior scholars can develop and discuss their research pertaining to a variety of topics concerning the region. The workshops bring together scholars with recent field experience from a variety of disciplines. The Kennan Institute and the ISE Center (Information. Scholarship. Education.), Moscow, administer the Centers for Advanced Study and Education (CASE) program. The CASE program has established nine thematic research centers at regional Russian universities in order to foster scholarship in the social sciences and humanities. It seeks to integrate Russian scholars into the international academic community through a system of individual research fellow- 2 ships, library and publications support, and professional community-building efforts. The

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Irkutsk. City Theater. (Photo: William Brumfield)

CASE program is currently funded by Carnegie Corporation of New York, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. In addition to its office in Washington, the Kennan Institute operates centers in Moscow and Kyiv. The Kennan Moscow Project and Kennan Kyiv Project provide on-the-ground assistance to the Washington staff and maintain contacts with various Russian and Ukrainian organizations. The offices organize publications, seminars, and conferences on important current themes featuring Kennan Institute alumni. The Kennan Institute, as part of the Woodrow Wilson Center, is a nonpartisan institution that values its independence from the world of politics. Unlike most academic research centers, however, it seeks to promote dialogue between academic specialists and policymakers. To this end, the Institute convenes scholars, governmental specialists, and other experts to discuss political, social, and economic issues affecting Russia and the other successor states to the Soviet Union, seeking always to place these issues within their historical context.

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | OVERVIEW DIRECTOR’S REVIEW George Kennan’s Siren Call

In the fall of 1988, after having just been invited to become director of the Kennan Institute, I arranged to spend a day in Princeton, New Jersey with Professor George Frost Kennan. The day, not surprisingly, turned out to be memorable for many reasons—not the least for my being able to have so much time with Professor Kennan. Professor Kennan wanted to be sure that I shared his vision of what the Kennan Institute should be. He adamantly informed me that our institute should always be a place where scholars and the public talked not only about Russian economics, politics, and foreign policy, but about culture and history, literature and tradition as well. Most importantly, Professor Kennan forthrightly maintained that the Kennan Institute must remain an institution in which all of these different subjects and perspectives could blend together. As the day came to an end—it was a beautiful autumnal day in Princeton with the crisp blue sky that one often gets in the American northeast at that time of year—I found myself strolling with then-84-year-old Professor Kennan toward the tiny railroad station next to cam- pus to catch the shuttle train that runs back and forth between the town of Princeton and the mainline at Princeton Junction. Suddenly the conductor, who was probably as old as Professor Kennan, started honking on the little train’s horn for us to move more quickly. Before I knew what was happening, I looked up to see George Kennan running in front of me to hold the train until I could catch up. I am reminded of the image of Professor Kennan running after that train because it is, in may ways, a metaphor for much of his life, and for his relationship with Russia. Throughout nearly all of the 20th century, George F. Kennan was hearing sounds emanating from deep within Russia before any of the rest of us ever noticed. Like his ancestor George Kennan the Elder (after whom our institute is named) before him, George Kennan the Younger did not shy away when he heard these sounds; he ran towards them. Both George Kennans always embraced Russia and believed that Russia’s embrace enriched them in return. George Kennan the Younger (“our George Kennan”) turned 100 on February 16, 2004. The institute he founded will turn 30 in just a few weeks in December 2004. This is a good moment, therefore, to reflect on the extent to which we have managed to live up to the high standards set by the institute’s founders George F. Kennan, S. Frederick Starr, and James Billington. If the Kennan Institute has been successful over the past thirty years, I would argue that it has been so at those moments when we too have chased sounds from across the Russian steppe. We’ve been able to do so because my remarkable predecessors—S. Frederick Starr, Abbott “Tom” Gleason, John Glad, Herbert J. Ellison and Peter Reddaway—and the dozens of people who have served on the Kennan Institute staff in Washington, Moscow and Kyiv, the hundreds of wonderful interns, and the more than 1,200 scholars who have worked at the Kennan Institute, have enabled us to honor Professor Kennan’s challenge that the Kennan Institute always approach Russia in its entirety. Hopefully, in the process, we have both improved our- 4 selves, and fulfilled our mission of improving understanding of Russia in the United States.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER George F. Kennan, it is certain, enriched our country in many ways over the past century. He was a leading public servant and a great figure in twentieth century American letters. He taught and contributed to scholarship, and founded our little institute. He also happened to exert a remarkable influence over U.S. foreign policy. As a rising diplomat, George F. Kennan set down a strategy for American engagement with the Soviet Union that would last half a century. His approach to meeting the security threat of an expansionist Soviet Union after World Throughout nearly War II offers key lessons for current policymakers grappling, in this radically different era, with all of the 20th cen- challenges to international order from “rogue states.” Kennan was a senior State Department official in 1947 when he wrote the path-breaking tury, George F. Foreign Affairs article, published under the pseudonym “X”, that advocated the “long-term, Kennan was hear- patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies” through “the adroit …application of counter-force at a series of constantly shifting geographical and political ing sounds points….” But this strategy was not merely a balance-of-power response to Stalin’s emerging “emanating from threat. At the core of Kennan’s containment doctrine was a concept of domestic change for the deep within Russia Soviet Union—one that led him to prophesize accurately how the Cold War would one day end. In the “X” article, tellingly entitled “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Kennan elucidated how before any of the “the political personality of Soviet power” would shape “Russia’s conduct as a member of interna- rest of us ever tional society.” Having been trained in Berlin during the 1920s as a Russianist, having watched the Soviet Union from next door in Latvia before the United States established diplomatic rela- noticed. Like his tions in 1933, and having traveled extensively within the USSR for more than a decade, Kennan ancestor George had a grasp of Soviet reality unparalleled among his contemporaries. His genius at the time was Kennan the Elder in appreciating how ideas and other forces shaping Russian culture nurtured societal changes that would prove to be as important as missiles and tanks in the Cold War struggle. (after whom our For Kennan, containment was thus essentially a long-term holding strategy by the United institute is named) States and its allies to balance Soviet power until the endemic internal contradictions of the Soviet system became unsustainable and precipitated change. His prediction came to pass in before him, the late 1980s through the combination of successful U.S. containment (under President George Kennan Ronald Reagan in its pivotal final phase), which raised the costs of Soviet adventurism, and the rise of a qualitatively different Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev. Kennan declared the end of the Younger did the Cold War in 1989, arguing that the Soviet Union under Gorbachev had evolved from a rev- not shy away when olutionary expansionist state into an orthodox great power. Gorbachev’s grand strategy—a he heard these form of regime change by internal evolution—was to integrate a transformed Soviet Union into the international order. sounds; he ran Although today’s security challenges are wholly different from those of the Cold War (not towards them. least because non-state actors, such as Al Qaeda, fall outside Kennan’s model), his approach to strategy nonetheless still offers a relevant guide. Just as his containment strategy took for its premise a concept of political change in the Soviet Union, so too must current U.S. strategies toward “rogue states” be based on a sound understanding of the unique “political personality” (to use Kennan’s term) of each. More importantly for the Kennan Institute, the sensibility inherent in Kennan’s original for- mulation of containment sets standards for scholarly engagement with Russia, Ukraine, and the entire region in which they are found. Change takes place, though often in ways cloaked in dis- orienting complexity. The “universal” laws of social science theory apply to the region, at times producing unexpected outcomes as they are filtered through layers of history, culture, and experience. The writings of both nineteenth century satirical writer Nikolai Gogol’ and twentieth century Nobel Laureate in Economic Sciences Simon Kuznets are necessary to understand how and why Ukraine has come to supply a quarter of the world’s export market for railway cars, or how Cyprus has come to invest more in Russia since 1992 than the United States. 5

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | DIRECTOR’S REVIEW Those of us charged with stewardship of the Kennan Institute over the 2003-04 program year have tried as best we could to implement Professor Kennan’s vision for how one thinks about Russia and the region. We hosted 92 events, including conferences on the integration of Russian scholarship into the international academic community, Islam in Russia, the Ukrainian Man-Made Famine of 1932–33, and Russia and Northeast Asia; Title VIII- Supported Research Workshops on contemporary and historical perspectives on conflict in the former Soviet Union, multicultural legacies in Ukraine and Russia, and migration in Central Eurasia; a regular program of seminars and Noon Discussions; and alumni seminars and conferences in Russia and Ukraine. Over 3,600 people attended Kennan Institute public events throughout the program year. In addition, the Taltsy (Irkutsk Region). Log post house. (Photo: William Brumfield) Institute hosted 75 residential scholars and supported the work of 156 scholars in Russia through the CASE program. Cooperative partners and generous funding agencies are essential to successful programming at an institution such as the Kennan Institute. I would like to acknowledge and express my heartfelt thanks for the generous support that we have received during the past year from Carnegie Corporation of New York, the U.S. Department of State through the Title VIII program and the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, the U.S. Embassies in Moscow and Kyiv, the ISE Center in Moscow, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the American Center in Moscow, the College of Arts and Sciences of Baylor University, the Embassy of Ukraine to the United States, the Environmental Film Festival, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute on Religion and World Affairs at Boston University, the International Research and Exchanges Board, the Kennan Institute/Woodrow Wilson Center Alumni Organization in Moscow, the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, the Ukrainian Studies Center of the Harriman Institute at Columbia University, the University of Paris-X in Naterre, the U.S.-Ukraine Foundation, The Washington Group, and the Asia Program, Cold War International History Project, Comparative Urban Studies Project, Conflict Prevention Project, East European Studies, Environmental Change and Security Project, and Middle East Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. In addition to these program funds, the Kennan Institute is growing increasingly reliant on private donations to support our activities, whether through individual contributions or support of the Kennan Institute’s annual dinner. I would like to take this opportunity to gratefully acknowledge the support of the following individuals and organizations that helped to ensure our continuing fiscal and programmatic health over this program year: A La Vieille Russie; Access Industries, Inc.; Eleanor Adams; Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld; Madeleine Albright; Alfa-Bank; Anders Åslund; Adele Baker; Baker & Botts LLP; Harley Balzer and Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer; Nancy Bedford; Ruth Bell; Stephen F. Cohen and Katrina vanden Heuvel; The Boeing Company; Christina Bolton; Alexander Boyle; BP; Ellen Hotchkiss Brown; Sarah Carey; Jacqueline Cavalier; CEC ArtsLink; Chadbourne & Parke LLP; ChevronTexaco; Julia Colton; Esther Coopersmith; Piers Cumberlege; James A. Duran, Jr.; Alexander Dzhaparidze; Terry English; Eurasia Foundation; ExxonMobil; F.J. Elsner North 6 America Ltd; Roger Felberbaum; David Fishman; Mr. and Mrs. Evan Fotos; Mr. and Mrs.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Werner Friedlaner; Patrice Gancie; Gardiner, Kamya & Associates, P.C.; John Garrard; Bruce Gelb; Jay Haft; Evelyn J. Harner; Peter A. Hauslohner; Pavel Ilyin; Jan Kalicki; the Kennan Family; Korben International Industrial and Fincancial Corporation; Gary Lazor; Edward Lozansky; Lukoil; David Manel; Jack F. Matlock; Sergey Matveev; Martha Mautner; Thomas Metts; Kenneth Mitchell; Beth Mitchneck; Moncrief Oil International; Kathryn Moore; the Mumford Family Trust; Matthew Murray; National Committee on American Foreign Policy; Mr. and Mrs. George D. O’Neill; Ludmilla Orelup; Susan Pearce; Clyde E. Rankin; Lois Rice; David Rockefeller; Blair A. Ruble; Andrea Rutherford; The Scowcroft Group; Raja Sidawi; Gordon Smith; The Sputnik Group; Helen Teplitskaia; Trust for Mutual Understanding; Michael H. Van Dusen; Margaret van Shaack; VimpelCom; Enzo Viscusi. In closing, I would like to acknowledge our remarkable staff in Washington, Moscow, and Kyiv, who do all the work, often without appropriate recognition. All of the accomplishments listed in the pages to follow are their achievements. If we have managed to convert Professor Kennan’s vision for our institute into reality, it is the staff who has done so and it is they who have turned our words into deeds, our plans into reality every day of the past year: Muhitdin Ahunhodjaev, Ekaterina Alekseeva, Summer Brown, F. Joseph Dresen, Thecla Frazier, Jennifer Giglio, Pavel Korolev, Edita Krunkaityte, Galina Levina, Murad Pateev, Margaret Paxson, Irina Petrova, Nancy Popson, Yaroslav Pylynskyi, Claudia Roberts, Nataliya Samozvanova, Atiq Sarwari, Anna Toker, Erin Trouth, and S. Todd Weinberg.

Blair A. Ruble October 1, 2004

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | DIRECTOR’S REVIEW ADVISORY COUNCILS

The Advisory Council advises the Kennan Institute on all scholarly aspects of its work. The Council reviews Title VIII-Supported Research Scholarship, Short-Term, and Central Eurasian Short-Term grant applications. Council members, who normally serve for four years, also assist the Institute individually by advising staff members and helping organize conferences. The Russian Alumni Association Advisory Council advises the Kennan Institute on the direction and form of alumni activities in the Russian Federation. The Ukrainian Alumni Association Advisory Council performs similar duties in Ukraine. Alumni Council members normally serve for two years and represent various regions of Russia and Ukraine. The members during the 2003–04 program year were:

Kennan Institute Advisory Council

Amb. Thomas W. Simons, Jr., Catharine Nepomnyashchy Beth Mitchneck Chair Barnard College and Harriman University of Arizona Harvard University and Stanford Institute, Columbia University University John Tedstrom Oleksiy Haran EastWest Institute, New York; and Harley Balzer Center for National Security Transatlantic Partners Against Georgetown University Studies, University of Kyiv-Mohyla AIDS Academy Timothy J. Colton Heinrich Vogel Davis Center, Harvard University Kathleen Kuehnast German Institute for International Institute of European, Russian, and Security Affairs; and Leokadia Drobizheva and Eurasian Studies, George University of Amsterdam Institute of Sociology, Russian Washington University Academy of Sciences Grace Kennan Warnecke Consultant

*The Kennan Institute would like to extend special thanks to outgoing Advisory Council members Timothy Colton and Catharine Nepomnyashchy. We greatly appreciate all their hard work over the past four years.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Russian Alumni Association Advisory Council

Iurii Baturin, Chair Larisa Loginova Russian Cosmonaut Center, Russian Securities and Exchange Zvezdnyi gorodok Commission, Irkutsk Office

Vladimir Iakimets, Vice Chair Revekka Voulfovich Institute for Systems Analysis, Northwestern Academy for Public Russian Academy of Sciences, Administration, St. Petersburg Moscow

Viktor Avksentiev Stavropol State University

Ukrainian Alumni Advisory Council

Oleksandr Fisun, Chair Viktor Susak Kharkiv National Univesity L’viv National University

Olha Filippova Antonina Kolodii Kharkiv National University Kyiv International University

Ihor Koval Odesa National University

*The Kennan Institute would like to extend special thanks to outgoing Blagoveshchensk. Former Roman Catholic Church. Ukrainian Alumni Advisory Council members Olha Filippova and Viktor (Photo: William Brumfield) Susak. We greatly appreciate all their hard work.

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | ADVISORY COUNCILS KENNAN COUNCIL

For 30 years, the Kennan Institute has worked to improve American expertise and knowledge about Russia and the other successor states to the Soviet Union. To this end, the Institute brings together scholars, governmental specialists, and other experts to discuss political, social, and economic issues affecting this area of the world, seeking always to place these issues within their historical context. Recognizing the need to build on the successes of the past, in 2001 the Institute established a private sector advisory board—the Kennan Council. Members are drawn from the worlds of business, finance, law, and public policy. The Kennan Council was founded with two goals in mind. First, it is intended to help ensure the financial strength of the Kennan Institute. Second, it enables the Institute to broaden its programming to inform and learn from the issues confronting the private sector in Russia, Ukraine, and the surrounding states. Members are asked to help identify which issues, whether political, social, or economic, are of the greatest concern to the private sector, and to help with fundraising. The Kennan Institute has always brought together the worlds of academia and public policy in discussing Russia and the other successor states to the Soviet Union. The creation of the Kennan Council has allowed the Institute to bring the concerns and experience of the private sector into this discussion as well.

Kennan Council

Christopher Kennan, Chair Ted Jonas The Honorable Thomas Director Of Counsel Pickering LuxeFragrances, LLP Baker & Botts LLP Senior Vice President The Boeing Company Len Blavatnik, Vice Chair Boris Jordan Chairman President Daniel Poneman Access Industries The Sputnik Group Principal The Scowcroft Group Peter Francis James C. Langdon, Jr. International Senior Advisor Senior Executive Partner Paul Rodzianko ExxonMobil Corporation Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Senior Vice President Feld, LLP Access Industries Richard Herold Director, International Affairs Richard W. Moncrief Peter L. Schaffer BP Government Relations Chairman A La Vieille Russie Moncrief Oil International, Inc. 10

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER SCHOLARS

The Kennan Institute’s residential fellowship program supports outstanding research on Russia and the successor states of the Soviet Union in the fields of the social sciences and the humanities. During the 2003-04 program year, the Institute offered nine types of grants: Woodrow Wilson Center Fellowships, Galina Starovoitova Fellowships on Human Rights and Conflict Resolution, Senior Scholarships, Senior Policy Scholarships, Public Policy Scholarships, Fulbright-Kennan Institute Research Scholarships, Title VIII Research Scholarships, Central Eurasian Short-Term (CEST) grants, and Short-Term grants. The competitive application process is open to qualified academic scholars as well as practitioners from I feel that my work government, media, and the private sector. All programs except Short-Term grants are limited to candidates with doctoral degrees or equivalent professional achievement. was immeasurably The Fulbright-Kennan Institute Research Scholarship program, which began in September advanced and 2003, is funded by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the United States improved by the Department of State. ECA also funds the Galina Starovoitova Fellowship on Human Rights and Conflict Resolution. Research Scholarships and most Short-Term grants are funded by the time I was able to Program for Research and Training on Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the “spend in Former Soviet Union (Title VIII), administered by the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State. A number of Short-Term grants are also provided by the Kennan Washington Institute’s George F. Kennan Fund. thanks to the Kennan Institute scholars have direct access to libraries, research facilities, and human Kennan Institute resources that are among the finest available in the United States. Resident scholars regularly participate in public lectures and seminars, specialized conferences, and informal presentations travel grant…I at the Institute and the Woodrow Wilson Center. The Institute provides a professional working now return, re- environment where scholars forge links with American and international colleagues and institutions. Resident scholars have the opportunity to disseminate their research to a larger audi- energized with my ence through the publications program of the Institute. new perspective During the 2003–04 program year, the Kennan Institute hosted 75 resident scholars whose and new material. work included topics in politics, sociology, history, literature, economics, and the arts throughout the former Soviet Union. The Institute also supported the work of 156 scholars in Russia through the CASE Program (see pg. 20). The scholars at the Kennan Institute during the past Lise Namikas year came from around the world and formed a community of scholars. This community of August 2004 scholars contributed to the life of the Institute and helped to further American understanding of the social, political, and economic dynamics of the successor states to the Soviet Union.

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | SCHOLARS Galina Starovoitova Fellows on Human Rights and Conflict Resolution

Anatoly Krasikov, Director, Aleksandr Osipov, Program Ivan Pavlov, Director, Bellona Center of Social and Religious Coordinator, Human Rights Environmental Human Rights Studies, Institute of Europe, Center “Memorial,” Moscow. Center, St. Petersburg. Russian Academy of Sciences, “Prevention and Elimination of “Comparative Military Justice Moscow. “Religious Freedom as a Racial Discrimination: Can Systems: U.S. and Russia.” Condition for Revival of Russia in Western Experience Be Exported September–December 2003. the 21st Century.” December to Russia?” April–July 2004. 2003–April 2004.

Senior Policy Senior Scholar

Scholar Murray Feshbach, Research Professor Emeritus, Georgetown William Green Miller, former U.S. University. “Policy Implications of Ambassador to Ukraine. “Creation Population, Health, and of a Relationship between Ukraine Environment Trends in Russia.” and the U.S.” January October 2000–September 2006. 2000–February 2005.

Woodrow Wilson Center Fellows

John Garrard, Professor of Christian Haerpfer, Professor of Russian Studies, University of Political Science, University of Arizona. “From Party to Patriarch: Vienna, Austria. “Democracy and Russian Orthodoxy Resurgent.” Market Economy in Post-Soviet September 2004–June 2005. Europe.” September 2004–June 2005. Dmitry Gorenburg, Director of Russian and East European Tomila Lankina, Senior Research Programs, The CNA Corporation, Fellow, Institute for the Social Alexandria. “Soviet and Post- Sciences, Humboldt University, Soviet Nationalities Policy and Germany. “The Impact of the Assimilation.” September ‘West’ on Russia’s Northwest.” Yakutsk. Original log tower, Yakutsk Fort. (Photo: 2003–May 2004. September 2004–June 2005. William Brumfield)

Public Policy Scholars

Natalia Lakiza-Sachuk, Professor, Anatoly Mikhailov, Rector, John Vafai, Attorney at Law, John National Institute for Strategic European Humanities University, Vafai & Associates, New York. Studies, Kyiv. “U.S. Technical Minsk. “The Structure of the Life- “Public Corruption in Russia— Assistance to Ukraine—The Role World of the Post-Soviet Reality.” Structural Defects and Institutional of International Advisors and April–August 2004. Weaknesses.” August–October Consultants.” November 2003. 2003–March 2004. 12

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Research Scholars

Alexander Diener, Assistant Ruth Mandel, Lecturer, Professor, Center for International Department of Anthropology, Constant communication with col- Studies and Languages, University College London. “An Pepperdine University. “One Anthropological Critique of leagues from different backgrounds Homeland or Two?: Diaspora, International Development Territorialization, and Identity in Assistance in the Former Soviet and many opportunities for academ- Kazakhstan.” October 2003–June Union: The Case of Kazakhstan.” ic discussions and exchanging of 2004. September 2004–May 2005. views were a great benefit. I was Paul Hagenloh, Assistant Maria Rewakowicz, Research Professor, Department of History, Assistant Professor, Rutgers “very much pleased with the friendly University of Alabama. “Police, University. “Literature, Literary and encouraging atmosphere of the Crime, and Public Order in Stalin’s Canons, and National Identity in Russia.” August 2004–May 2005. Post-Soviet Ukraine: A Center. All administrative and techni- Comparative Approach.” October Steven Harris, independent 2003–May 2004. cal support was perfectly organized scholar. “Moving to the Separate and very helpful. Apartment: A Social and Cultural Tatiana R. Zaharchenko, Visiting History of Housing in the Soviet Scholar, Environmental Law Union, 1950s–1960s.” October Institute, Washington, D.C. Alexander Osipov 2003–June 2004. “Second Thoughts on July 2004 Transparency: a Comparative Study on Post-Soviet States and the Aarhus Convention.” November 2003–July 2004.

Fulbright-Kennan Research Scholars

Olga Demidova, Professor, Aleksandr Khodnev, Professor, University, Kyiv. “Afghanistan and Department of Literature, St. Chair of the World History U.S. Foreign Policy 1991-2003.” Petersburg State Pedagogical Department, Yaroslavl’ State September 2004–March 2005. University. “Compiling the History Pedagogical University. “Russia of the Russian Writers’ Union in and Multilateral Institutions: New Anatoly Lashkevich, Professor Exile.” September 2004–March Patterns, Dilemmas, and and Deputy Director, Department 2005. Challenges.” September of Western Literature, Udmurt 2004–March 2005. State University. “From Mikhail Fedotov, Vice President, Exceptionalism to Multicultural INDEM Foundation, Moscow. Antonina Kolodii, Senior Globality: American Voice in “Public Television: U.S. Experience Research Fellow, Department of Contemporary Culture Theory.” and Russian Perspectives.” Contemporary Ethnology, Institute September 2003–March 2004. March–September 2004. of Ethnology, Ukraine National Academy of Sciences, L’viv. Rachit Latypov, Associate Kostyantyn Glomozda, Associate “National Consolidation in the Professor, Department of History, Professor, Department of History, United States: Ways and Means of Institute of Regional History, University of Kyiv-Mohyla Managing Ethnic and Cultural Astrakhan State Pedagogical Academy. “A Free World of Diversity.” September University. “The Dialogue of Deaf History: The Importance of 2003–March 2004. Across the Atlantic: American and American Experience for Post- British Approaches to a New Soviet Ukrainian Historical Pavlo Kyrpenko, Consultant, World Order in 1919–1922.” Science.” September 2003–March Institute of International Relations, March–September 2004. 2004. Taras Shevchenko National 13

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | SCHOLARS Oleksandr Merezhko, Associate Yaroslav Senyk, Research Fellow, Professor, Department of Manuscript Division, L’viv Stefanyk International Law, Institute of Scientific Library. “Ukrainian By simply providing the time and International Relations, Taras Emigre Press in the United States, space for a recently minted Ph.D. to Shevchenko National University, 1886–1939: Historical and Kyiv. “International Political and Bibliographical Research.” advance her or his research agenda, Legal Order in the Twenty First September 2004–March 2005. Century.” September 2004–March the Kennan Institute and its Title VIII 2005. Victor Stepanenko, Senior program would be providing a serv- Research Fellow, Department of Bella Pak, Senior Research Fellow, History and Theory of Sociology, “ice warranting the vociferous grati- Department of Korea and Institute of Sociology, Ukraine Mongolia, Institute of Oriental National Academy of Sciences, tude and loyalty of those offered this Studies, Russian Academy of Kyiv. “Civil Society in the United opportunity. But the Kennan Institute Sciences, Moscow. “Policy of States and Post-Soviet Powers Towards Korea: Democracies: Concepts and does much more than this; it estab- 1885–1894.” September Policies.” February–August 2004. 2003–May 2004. lishes an environment wherein young Alexei Stukanov, Associate scholars mix with more experienced Ekaterina Pravilova, Reaeach Professor, Chair of the Fellow, Department of Russian Department of World Politics, scholars and where policy profession- History, St. Petersburg Institute of Tomsk State University. “Global History, Russian Academy of Problems, Local Solutions: Local als and those formerly in government Sciences. “Finances of an Empire: Authorities as Interest Groups in service impart perspectives rarely Economic Aspects of Russian Washington, D.C.” September Regional Politics, 1700–1917.” 2004–March 2005. encountered in the ‘ivory tower.’ September 2003–February 2004. Sergei Zhuravlev, Senior Alexander Diener Serhiy Rymarenko, Senior Research Fellow, Center for Study June 2004 Research Fellow, Institute of of Modern Russian History and Political and Ethnic Studies, Political Science, Institute of Ukrainian National Academy of Russian History, Russian Academy Sciences, Kyiv. “Sources of Ethnic of Sciences, Moscow. “Lost Tensions and Ethnic Conflicts in Generation: American Victims of Post-Communist Countries.” the Stalin Purge, 1935–1941.” September 2004–March 2005. March–September 2004.

Short-Term Scholars

David Abramson, Research Yalta, Containment, and the Fall Monopolies in Transitional Associate, Institute for European, of Communism.” Environments: Problems of Energy Russian, and Eurasian Studies, January–February 2004. Reform in Kazakhstan.” George Washington University. January–February 2004. “Sacred Sites, Profane Ideologies: Lina Bernstein, Associate Religious Pilgrimage and the Professor of Russian Language Joan Chevalier, Lecturer, Uzbek State.” May–June 2004. and Literature, Franklin & Marshall Department of German, Russian, College. “Epistolary Genres in and East Asian Studies, Brandeis Sheldon Anderson, Associate Russian Literature of the 18th University. “Legislating Language Professor, Department of History, Century.” February 2004. in Post-Communist Russia.” Miami University, Oxford, OH. May–June 2004. “Historical Analogy and Foreign Michael Cain, Associate Policymaking: 19th Century Professor, St. Mary’s College of Sharyl Cross, Professor and Chair, 14 Statecraft, Versailles, Munich, Maryland. “Reforming Natural Department of Political Science,

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER San Jose State University. Tatiana Ershova, Director, Center “‘To See Paris and Die’: Foreign “Russian-American Cooperation of Democratic Initiatives and Culture in the Soviet Union, and Conflict in the War on Economic Technologies, Rostov. 1956–1968.” April 2004. Terrorism.” April and November “Open Systems of Private Property 2004. and Economic Democracy.” Anastasia Gnezditskaia, Ph.D. November–December 2003. candidate, Central European Sandjar Djalalov, Principal University, Budapest. “Moscow Researcher, Center for Economic Andrew Gentes, Lecturer, School Proposes—But the Governor Efficient Policy, Ministry of of History, Philosophy, Classics and Disposes: Gubernatorial Patronage Macroeconomics and Statistics, Religion, University of Queensland, in Russian Banking.” January 2004. Tashkent. “Rural Development in Brisbane, Australia. “The Sakhalin Uzbekistan: Linkages between Penal Colony: Exile and Imperialism Marina Goloviznina, Ph.D. candi- Public Investment, Agricultural in Tsarist Russia.” June–July 2004. date, Department of Political Productivity, and Poverty Science and Sociology, European Alleviation.” October–November Eleonory Gilburd, Ph.D. candi- University, St. Petersburg. 2003. date, Department of History, “Detention Center as a Crime University of California, Berkeley. Control Institution: Genesis of

Galina Starovoitova Fellowship on Human Rights and Conflict Resolution

The Galina Starovoitova Fellowship on Human Rights and Conflict Resolution was established following U.S. Secretary of State Madelieine Albright’s 25 January 1999 speech in Moscow in which she announced a memorial fellowship at the Kennan Institute of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in honor of Galina Starovoitova. The Fellowship is funded and administered in cooperation with the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the U.S. Department of State and the Public Affairs office of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. Galina Starovoitova was a leading human rights advocate and a deputy in the Russian lower house of parliament (Duma). She won her Duma seat from St. Petersburg in Russia’s December 1995 legislative elections. Starovoitova served in the Congress of Peoples’ Deputies during 1989-91 and was a presidential advisor on ethnic relations until 1992. She was a co-founder of the Democratic Russia movement. In 1989, Galina Starovoitova was a visiting scholar at the Kennan Institute. She was also a fellow in the Jennings Randolph Program at the United States Institute for Peace during 1993-1994, where she completed research on self-determination movements in the former Soviet Union, and a visiting professor at Brown University. In keeping with both the legacies of Woodrow Wilson and Galina Starovoitova, the Starovoitova Fellowship is available to prominent scholars or policy makers from the Russian Federation who have successfully bridged the worlds of ideas and public affairs to advance human rights and conflict resolution.

RECIPIENTS:

Sergei Baburkin, March–August 2000 Zaindi Choltaev, September 2002–June 2003 Emil Payin, September 2000–June 2001 Ivan Pavlov, September–December 2003 Aleksandr Nikitin, September 2001– Anatoly Krasikov, December 2003– January 2002 April 2004 William Smirnov, October 2001–July 2002 Aleksandr Osipov, April–July 2004. 15

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | SCHOLARS George Frost Kennan at 100; Kennan Institute at 30

George Frost Kennan was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on February 16, 1904. He was named for a cousin of his grandfather, a famed 19th century American expert on the Russian Empire. Kennan “the Elder” went to Russia on a mission in 1865 to survey a telegraph line across Siberia to reach Europe. While in Siberia, the expedition received word that a trans-Atlantic cable had been successfully connected, putting them out of business. Kennan turned this failure into a personal success by writing of his experiences in a book, launching a career in journalism, and even- tually becoming America’s foremost expert on imperial Russia. George Frost Kennan, who shares his birthdate with the elder Kennan, developed his interest in Russia and the Russian people in a very different way. He was given the opportunity early in his career with the State Department to study Russian and Russian history in Berlin, before the United States had established diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. He seized that opportunity and, like his ancestor, went on to become one of his nation’s foremost experts on Russia. In the late 1940s, Kennan “the Younger” penned two seminal documents, the “Long Telegram” and the “X Article,” that set out a strategy of containing the Soviet Union until the contradictions within the Soviet system would force a change or collapse of the regime. This concept shaped American foreign policy for the next four decades until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. While Kennan was a staunch opponent to the Soviet system, he was and remains a devoted scholar of Russia. In 1974, he helped establish the Kennan Institute at the Woodrow Wilson Center because he was con- cerned that American study of Soviet Russia concentrated too much on the political and security aspects of our relationship, and neglected the scholarship on history and culture that would help us better understand Russia. That the Kennan Institute is named for Kennan's ancestor is a sym- bol of his commitment to a comprehensive and long-term approach to Russian studies. In 2004 the Kennan Institute commemorated George F. Kennan’s cen- tennial year with two important events. In February, the Institute hosted a roundtable in Moscow of prominent scholars exploring Kennan’s legacy from the Russian perspective. Panelists Nikolai Bolkhovitnov, Vladimir Pechatnov, Viktor Malkov, Aleksei Arbatov, and Anatolii Utkin explained that while Kennan was a committed adversary of the Soviet government, he was a staunch advocate of improving understanding between the people of the Soviet Union and the United States. In March, the Kennan Institute annual benefit dinner commemorated Ambassador Kennan’s 100th birthday, the 70th anniversary of the reestab- Kolomna. Church of Saint Nicholas Posadskii. (Photo: William Brumfield) lishment of diplomatic ties with Moscow (a mission on which George F. Kennan served as translator), and the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the Kennan Institute. Secretary of State Colin Powell, in addressing the gathering, commended Ambassador Kennan’s patience and vision in his scholarship and policymaking on Russia. In the closing address at the dinner, Russian Ambassador to the United States Yuri Ushakov reflected on his encounters with Ambassador Kennan, declaring “It’s no wonder that Ambassador Kennan is now regarded in my country not only as the architect of the policy of containment, but also as a visionary who foretold major modern international trends. And he did it at a time when others were unable to see the signs of coming change.” 16

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Practices of Treatment of Juvenile from the International Hamilton College. “The Delinquents During the Twentieth Experience.” February 2004. Incorporation of a Russian Century in Russia.” Frontier, 1552–1672.” August and August–September 2004. Ruth Mandel, Lecturer in Social December 2004. Anthropology, Department of Martin Halliwell, Senior Lecturer, Anthropology, University College Lyudmila Rychkova, Vice-Rector Center for American Studies, London. “Conceiving Transitions: for Academic Affairs, Grodno University of Leicester, U.K. International Development State University, Belarus. “The “Niebuhr, Kennan, and the Assistance in Kazakhstan.” Role of Professional Associations Discourses of Soviet November 2003. in Preparing Leaders for Higher Communism.” March–April 2004. Education.” March–April 2004. Luke March, Lecturer, Stefan Hedlund, Professor, Department of Politics, University Vakhtang Shevardnadze, Department of East European of Edinburgh, Scotland. “The Assistant Professor of Law, Tbilisi Studies, Uppsala University, Organizational and Programmatic State University. “Asylum Seekers Sweden. “A People With a Development of the Moldovan and Refugees as Sources of Inter- Troubled History: Reflections on Communist Party.” November State Tensions in the Caucasian Russian Path Dependency.” 2003. Region.” July–August 2004. October 2003. Anatoly Naiman, independent Jenny Leigh Smith, Ph.D. candi- Bert Hoppe, Ph.D. candidate, scholar, New York. “Kablukov.” date, Department of Science, Humbolt University, Berlin. January–February 2004. Technology and Society, “Moscow and the German Massachusetts Institute of Communist Party: On the Political Lise Namikas, Assistant Professor, Technology. “Ground Control: Culture of Stalinism in Germany Department of History, Louisiana Soviet Agriculture at the Center and the Soviet Union.” April–May State University. “Battleground and Periphery, 1950–1972.” 2004. Africa: The Cold War and the July–August 2004. Congo Crisis, 1960–1965.” Patricia Herlihy, Research May–June 2004. Tricia Starks, Assistant Professor, Professor, Watson Institute for Department of History, University International Studies, Brown Jennifer Patico, Assistant of Arkansas. “Cigarettes and University. “A Biography of Professor of Anthropology, Soviets: A History of Tobacco Use Eugene Schuyler.” Haverford College. “‘Russian in 20th Century Russia.” August September–October 2003. Brides’ and the Cultural 2004. Implications of Russian Mohammad Abdul Karim, Ph.D. Capitalism.” January 2004. Willard Sunderland, Associate candidate, Department of History, Professor, Department of History, De Montfort University, Leicester, Kateryna Pishchikova, Ph.D. can- University of Cincinnati. “The U.K. “The Decline and Fall of didate, School for Social Science Tsar’s Last Imperialist: The Scientific Atheism in Uzbekistan Research, University of Outrageous Life of Baron von and Tajikistan, 1964–1991.” Amsterdam. “Foreign Aid and Ungern-Sternberg.” July–August September 2004. Institutionalization of Civil Society 2004. in Ukraine: A Case Study of Zoe Knox, Ph.D. candidate, Women’s NGOs.” July–August Kamran Taremi, Researcher and Center for European Studies, 2004.” Lecturer, Faculty of Law and Monash University, Melbourne, Political Science, University of Victoria. “Religion, Politics, and Natalia Reshetova, Ph.D. candi- Tehran, Iran. “U.S. Policy Towards Civil Society in Post-Soviet Russia: date, Institute of Russian History, the Caspian Energy Basin.” Implications for Western Russian Academy of Sciences, October 2003. Policymakers.” Rostov-na-donu. “The Great September–October 2003. Famine in Soviet Russia and Larissa Titarenko, Professor, American Aid in the 1920s.” Department of Sociology, Belarus Olena Malynovska, Researcher, March–April 2004. State University, Minsk. “The Ukrainian Academy of State HIV/AIDS Challenge to the Future Management, Kyiv. “Managing Matthew Romaniello, Assistant of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine.” Migrations: Lessons for Ukraine Professor, Department of History, April–May 2004. 17

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | SCHOLARS Serhiy Varlamov, Attorney, Kenneth Weisbrode, Ph.D. candi- Russian Dimension.” Kharkiv City Public Organization date, Department of History, November–December 2003. “EcoPravo-Kharkiv,” Ukraine. Harvard University. “Eastern “Greening Democracy: Public Europe Division of State Igor Yegorov, Senior Researcher, Environmental Rights in Ukraine Department’s Bureau of European Dobrov Center for Science and and the U.S.” March–April 2004. Affairs: The Role of (EUR) in Technology Potential and Science Foreign Policy in the Twentieth History Studies, Ukraine National Patrick Vaughan, Ph.D. candi- Century.” July–August 2004. Academy of Sciences, Kyiv. date, Department of History, West “Transformation of the R&D Virginia University. “The Political Vladimir Yakubovsky, Senior System in the U.S. and the and Academic Career of Zbigniew Fellow, Institute of Far Eastern Possibility of Application of Brzezinski.” September–October Studies, Russian Academy of American Experience in Ukraine.” 2004. Sciences, Moscow. “Growing May–June 2004. Multiculturalism in Asia: The

Fellows in Other Woodrow Wilson Center Programs

Philip Hopmann, Professor of Igor Lukes, University Professor Political Science and Director, and Professor of History and Program on Global Security, International Relations, Boston Watson Institute for International University. “The American Studies, Brown University. “The Diplomats in Prague, 1945–53: OSCE and U.S. Foreign Policy: U.S.-Soviet Competition at the Promoting Regional Security in Beginning of the Cold War.” Eurasia.” September 2004–June September 2004–June 2005. 2005. Fellow, East Euroepan Fellow, East European Studies. Studies.

Central Eurasian Short-Term Grants

Oleg Ken, Secretary for Academic Aleksandr Polunov, Associate Affairs, European University, St. Professor, School of Public Petersburg. “Soviet Policy in Administration, Moscow State Central and Eastern Europe, University. “Russian Orthodoxy in 1934–39.” June 2004. North America: The Search for New Archival Material.” June Evgenii Krassinets, Chair, Social 2004. Demography Laboratory, Institute for Social and Economic Studies Ekaterina Pravilova, Research of Population, Russian Academy Fellow, St. Petersburg Institute of Tomsk. House, Red Army Street 67a. (Photo: William of Sciences, Moscow. “Illegal History, Russian Academy of Brumfield) Migration in Frontier Areas of Sciences. “Sharing Debts and Modern Russia.” June 2004. Gold: Russia and Its Former Borderlands after the Fall of the Empire.” June 2004.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER CENTERS FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND EDUCATION

In 1998, Carnegie Corporation of New York, with the support of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, invited the Kennan Institute’s Blair A. Ruble and Nancy Popson, together with Susan Bronson, formerly of the Social Science Research Council, to pre- pare a study about how best to protect the welfare of the intelligentsia of the former Soviet Union, especially in its regional universities. Their report in 1999, entitled The Humanities and Social Sciences in the Former Soviet Union: An Assessment of Need, formed the basis for a partner- ship between Carnegie Corporation, the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, MacArthur Foundation, and the Open Society Institute that led to the establishment of Russian Centers for Advanced Study and Education (CASEs) in 2000. Higher education in Russia has faced a number of problems in the post-Soviet period, but one of the most serious has been the absence of national and international networks uniting both institutions and individual scholars. The goal of the CASE program is to develop an “invisible university” that would foster these networks in the social sciences and humanities. The program is administered jointly by the Kennan Institute and the ISE Center (Information. Scholarship. Education) in Moscow, and directed by an international advisory board. The CASE program recognizes that higher education, in the words of Carnegie Corporation president Vartan Gregorian, “is our connection with the future. It is in institutions of higher education where the best minds of every culture and country ask the questions that will lead to advances in social, scientific and governmental policies, and the development of science and philosophy—the kinds of breakthroughs that will advance a nation.” Nine thematic Centers have been established at regional Russian Universities:

Far Eastern National University (Vladivostok) “Russia and the Asia-Pacific Region: Security Dilemmas, Conflicts, and Cooperation in the Twenty-First Century;” Irkutsk State University, “Siberia in the Russian and Global Contexts: Traditions Modernization Patterns, and Challenges of Globalization;” Kaliningrad State University (Baltic CASE), “Russia and Expanding Europe: Cultural, Political, Economic, and Social Forms of Collaboration;” Novgorod State University, “State, Society, and Individuals in Russia: Cultural and Educational Interactions;” Rostov State University, “Russia’s Modernization: Economic, Political, Social, and Cultural Dimensions of the Transition;” Saratov State University, “Phenomenology of Power in Russia: State, Society, and the Individual;” Tomsk State University, “Cultural, Social, Economic and Legal Implications of Russia’s Integration into the Global Community;” 19

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | CENTERS FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND EDUCATION Urals State University (Ekaterinburg), “Tolerance as a Philosophical, Psychological, and Political Issue in Contemporary Russia;” Voronezh State University, “Cross-Cultural Communication: Its Philological, Anthropological, Historical and Regional Dimensions.”

In addition, a CASE Resource Center was opened at St. Petersburg State University to support the research of CASE affiliated scholars and St. Peterburg educational, cultural, and archival institutions. The CASE program seeks to promote advanced research in the social sciences and humanities in Russia through a system of individual research fellowships, library and publications support, and professional community-building efforts. Over 450 scholars from across Russia have received research support through this system. Each CASE has built up a substantial library of Russian and foreign literature related to its intellectual theme. In addition, the CASEs have supported numerous conferences and publications. In the upcoming year, the Kennan Institute plans to conduct thematic workshops involving CASE-affiliated scholars and other scholars from around the world who are engaged in similar research in order to deepen CASE interaction with the broader international academic community. These workshops will foster intensive interaction around specific research agendas.

International Advisory Board for Centers for Advanced Study and Education in Russia

Andrei Kortunov, Co-Chair Aleksandr Chubarian, Board Liudmilla Verbitskaya ISE Center (Information. Member, Ex Officio St. Petersburg State University Scholarship. Education.), Moscow Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences Tatiana Zhdanova Blair A. Ruble, Co-Chair John D. and Catherine T. Kennan Institute Mark Johnson MacArthur Foundation, Moscow Colorado College Office Deana Arsenian Carnegie Corporation of New Mikhail Strikhanov William Zimmerman York Ministry of Education and Science University of Michigan of the Russian Federation

Grant Recipients

Abashin, S. N. (Moscow). Twentieth Century. Volga, of Post-Soviet Russia.” Affiliated “Russian Imperial Orientalism in Northwest Caucasus, and Central with Novgorod CASE. the Second Half of the Nineteenth Asia: Regional Dynamics.” through the Beginning of the Affiliated with Saratov CASE. Alekseeva, S. I. (Ioshkar-Ola). Twentieth Centuries.” Affiliated “Social, Ethnic, and Personal with Saratov CASE. Alekseev, S. A. (Kazan’). Aspects of Suicidal Activity in the “Regional Features of Youth Republic of Marii-El.” Affiliated Alekseev, I. L. (Moscow). “Islamic Extremism in National Republics.” with Saratov CASE. Institutions in the System of Affiliated with Urals CASE. Governing the Muslim Anoshko, O. M. (Tiumen’). “The Populations of the Russian Empire Alekseeva, A. I. (Novosibirsk). Design of the Living Environment 20 from the Nineteenth to the Early “Faith in the Socio-Cultural Space of the Barkhat Population in the

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Forest-Steppe Region of the Belokurova, E. V. (St. Trans-Urals in the Late Bronze Petersburg). “Regional Identity in Age.” Affiliated with Urals CASE. the Neighborhood of the European Union (The Examples of Aparina, N. F. (Kemerovo). “An the Republic of Kareliia and Institutional Model of Interaction Kaliningradskaia oblast’).” Between Business and Local Affiliated with Baltic CASE. Organs of Power (The Example of Kemerovskaia oblast’).” Affiliated Berezovich, E. L. (Ekaterinburg). with Rostov CASE. “Onomastics and the Dialectal Lexicon of the Russian North as a Arakelian, F. A. (St. Petersburg). Source for Reconstructing the “New Russian Nationalism as a Traditional Map of World Socio-Cultural Project and the Languages.” Affiliated with Spontaneously Appearing Models Voronezh CASE. of Interethnic Relations.” Affiliated with Voronezh CASE. Blam, I. I. (Novosibirsk). “Reform Chita. Mosque. (Photo: of the Health Care System in William Brumfield) Arkhipova, E. V. (Volgograd). Russia: Social Consequences of “The Formation of Caucasian Commercialization.” Affiliated Borders: The Correlation of with Rostov CASE. Degtiareva, M. I. (Moscow). Objective and Subjective “Joseph de Mestre and His Russian Factors.” Affiliated with Saratov Bobrovnikov, V. O. (Moscow). ‘Interlocutors’ (The Experience of CASE. “Russian Imperial Orientalism in Philosophical Biography and the Second Half of the Nineteenth Intellectual Connections in Russia).” Artem’eva, T. V. (St. Petersburg). through the beginning of the Affiliated with Rostov CASE. “The Reception of British Social- Twentieth Century.” Affiliated with Philosophical Thought in Russia Saratov CASE. Dement’eva, S. V. (Tomsk). (Eighteenth and Nineteenth “Adaptation of Foreign Migrants Centuries).” Affiliated with Baltic Bulanin, N. D. (St. Petersburg). in Russian Cities.” Affiliated with CASE. “The Role of Large Corporations Tomsk CASE. in Regional Modernization.” Bachurina, O. N. (St. Petersburg). Affiliated with Rostov CASE. D’iakova, T. A. (Voronezh). “The Legacy of S. N. Prokopovich “Phenomenon of Russian and its Place and Role in Russian Chelysheva, I. V. (Taganrog). Landscape Appreciation in the Culture Overseas.” Affiliated with “The Media Literacy of Future Context of European Culture.” Voronezh CASE. Teachers as One of the Most Affiliated with Voronezh CASE. Important Goals of the Baranova, V. V. (St. Petersburg). Modernization of the Russian Diatlova, E. V. (Moscow). “Indigenous Peoples of the Far Educational Process.” Affiliated “Chinese Enterprise in Russia: East in the Post-Soviet Era.” with Rostov CASE. Socio-Economic and Socio- Affiliated with Irkutsk CASE. Psychological Analysis.” Affiliated Chulkov, O. A. (St. Petersburg). with Irkutsk CASE. Basargina, E. I. (St. Petersburg). “Comparative Analysis of “The De Jure and De Facto Imaginative Perceptions of Dobrynina, A. M. (Ivanovo). “A Integration of Russia into Western Cultural Traditions.” Affiliated with New Type of Russian Woman European Academics.” Affiliated Voronezh CASE. Through the Prism of Changing with Tomsk CASE. Values: Historical Aspect.” Danilko, E. S. (Moscow). “Social Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. Bazhanov, V. A. (Ul’ianovsk). “The Mechanisms for Maintaining Reception of British Social- Traditional Values (Based on the Dubovik, V. V. (Tiumen’). Philosophical Thought in Russia Example of the Old Believer “Impersonation as Political- (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Community in Miass, Cultural Dialogue: The Impostor Centuries).” Affiliated with Baltic Cheliabinskaia oblast’).” Affiliated Timofei Akindinov (The False CASE. with Novgorod CASE. Shuiskii II).” Affiliated with Voronezh CASE. 21

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | CENTERS FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND EDUCATION Dubrovskii, D. V. (St. Petersburg). the Twentieth Century.” Affiliated Historical Aspect.” Affiliated with “Beyond the Borders of with Saratov CASE. Novgorod CASE. Tolerance: Ethnic Problems in Higher Education.” Affiliated with Gershkovich, T. B. (Ekaterinburg). Iangulova, L. V. (Kazan’). Urals CASE. “Tolerance Towards Aging: “Psychiatry and Power: The History and Modernity.” Affiliated Formation of Psychiatric Dushin, O. E. (St. Petersburg). with Urals CASE. Institutions Based on the Example “Confession and Conscience: The of the Kazan’ Regional Home for Formation of Procedures for Moral Gimon, T. V. (Moscow). “Ancient the Mentally Ill.” Affiliated with Self-Control in Western European Chronicles and Early English Saratov CASE. Culture in the Thirteenth through Annals: Comparative Historical Sixteenth Centuries.” Affiliated Research.” Affiliated with Iargomskaia, N. B. (St. with Voronezh CASE. Novgorod CASE. Petersburg). “Regional Identity in the Neighborhood of the Edokov, A. V. (Gorno-Altaisk). Gladkova, E. V. (St. Petersburg). European Union (The Examples of “Decorative-Applied Art in the “Lexicographic Conceptology, the Republic of Kareliia and Traditional Cultures of Siberia.” Theology, and Mythic Poetics of Kaliningradskaia oblast’).” Affiliated with Tomsk CASE. the Semantic Ties between Affiliated with Baltic CASE. ‘Tolerance’ and ‘Peace’ (‘Calm’).” Ermakova, E. E. (Tiumen’). “The Affiliated with Urals CASE. Iarovenko, E. V. (Vladivostok). Territory of Childhood: Customs, “The Politics of Russia’s Relations Conspiracies, and the Protection Gol’bert, V. V. (St. Petersburg). with North Korea: From of People in Multiethnic Regions “The Expansion of Non-Corrupt Friendship to Pragmatism (From (The Example of Tiumenskaia Channels for Interaction Between the 1990s to the Beginning of the oblast’).” Affiliated with Irkutsk Business and Government Twenty-First Century).” Affiliated CASE. Administration in Russia.” with Far Eastern CASE. Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. Fedorov, A. V. (Taganrog). “The Iurchenkov, V. A. (Saransk). Media Literacy of Future Teachers Gorokhova, R. I. (Ioshkar-Ola). “Mordvinian Ethnos in the Russian as One of the Most Important “Social, Ethnic, and Personal Imperial Socium: Eighteenth Goals of the Modernization of the Aspects of Suicidal Activity in the through Early Twentieth Russian Educational Process.” Republic of Marii-El.” Affiliated Centuries.” Affiliated with Saratov Affiliated with Rostov CASE. with Saratov CASE. CASE.

Fedorov, K. G. (St. Petersburg). Grigor’eva, I. G. (Zelenograd, Ivanenko, G. S. (Cheliabinsk). “Role of Large Corporations in Moskovskaia oblast’). “Normative- “Designing a Linguistic Approach Regional Modernization.” Legal Regulation of International to the Process of Defending Affiliated with Rostov CASE. Relations in the Asia-Pacific Honor and Integrity.” Affiliated Region: The Contribution of with Novgorod CASE. Fetisova, E. N. (Khabarovsk). Multilateral Organizations.” “‘Hostess’ as a Shadow-Economy Affiliated with Far Eastern CASE. Ivlev, V. P. (St. Petersburg). Practice in the Sphere of the “Sphere, Boundaries, and Labor Migration of Women in the Gulevich, O. A. (Moscow). Function of the Concepts of ‘Yid’ Asia-Pacific Region (The Example “Communication Within the and ‘Khachik’ in the Present of Khabarovskii Krai).” Affiliated Jury.” Affiliated with Novgorod Sociocultural Situation with Far Eastern CASE. CASE. (Comparative Characteristics).” Affiliated with Voronezh CASE. Filiushkin, A. I. (St. Petersburg). Gurevich, E. L. (Mytishchi). “The Livonian War through the “Intercultural Adaptation in the Kalashnikova M. V. (St. Eyes of Contemporaries and Russia Megapolis: Socio-Spatial Petersburg). “Beyond the Borders Descendents.” Affiliated with Aspect.” Affiliated with Voronezh of Tolerance: Ethnic Problems in Baltic CASE. CASE. Higher Education.” Affiliated with Urals CASE. Gering, A. G. (Omsk). “Historical Iakovleva, I. I. (Ivanovo). “A New Science, Historians, and Power in Type of Russian Woman Through Kaliuzhnov, N. V. (Irkutsk). 22 Russia’s Regional Space: Siberia in the Prism of Changing Values: “Organizational Culture of Irkutsk

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Firms in Light of Modern Conservative Programs for the Korzun, V. P. (Omsk). “Historical Tendencies of Organizational Economic Modernization of Russia Science, Historians, and Power in Development.” Affiliated with (Second Quarter of the Russia’s Regional Space: Siberia in Novgorod CASE. Nineteenth Century Through the the Twentieth Century.” Affiliated Beginning of the Twentieth with Saratov CASE. Karabulatova, I. S. (Tiumen’). Century).” Affiliated with “The Territory of Childhood: Voronezh CASE. Kostiukovskii, Y. V. (St. Customs, Conspiracies, and Petersburg). “The Expansion of Protection of People in Khromova, A. V. (Gatchina, Non-Corrupt Channels for Multiethnic Regions (The Example Leningradskaia oblast’). “The Interaction Between Business and of Tiumenskaia oblast’).” Affiliated Development of New Year’s Ritual Government Administration in with Irutsk CASE. Traditions in the Soviet and Post- Russia.” Affiliated with Novgorod Soviet Eras (From the Children’s CASE. Karuna, I. A. (Taganrog). “The Morning Performances of the Media Literacy of Future Teachers 1930s-50s to the 1990s Project Kotlova, T. B. (Ivanovo). “A New as One of the Most Important ‘Velikii Ustiug is the Homeland of Type of Russian Woman Through Goals of the Modernization of the Grandfather Frost’).” Affiliated the Prism of Changing Values: Russian Educational Process.” with Novgorod CASE. Historical Aspect.” Affiliated with Affiliated with Rostov CASE. Novgorod CASE. Kirsanov, N. O. (Seversk). Kazakov, A. A. (Tomsk). “Classical Literature in the Koval’, O. A. (St. Petersburg). “Classical Literature in the Formation of Contemporary “German Phenomenology and its Formation of Contemporary Cultural and Historical Reception in Russia.” Affiliated Cultural and Historical Consciousness (Based on the with Baltic CASE. Consciousness (Based on the Classical Russian Prose of the Classical Russian Prose of the Nineteenth Century: N. V. Gogol’, Kovalev, S. I. (Novosibirsk). Nineteenth Century: N. V. Gogol’, F. M. Dostoevskii, L. N. Tolstoi).” “Reform of the Health Care F. M. Dostoevskii, L. N. Tolstoi).” Affiliated with Tomsk CASE. System in Russia: Social Affiliated with Tomsk CASE. Consequences of Kliaus, V. L. (Moscow). “Poetic Commercialization.” Affiliated Kazakov, R. B. (Moscow). “New Folklore of the Elderly Population with Rostov CASE. Local History.” Affiliated with of Trans-Baikal and Russian Ust’ as Voronezh CASE. Historical-Cultural Legacy in Kovalev, V. A. (Syktyvkar, Republic Interethnic Dialogue.” Affiliated of Komi). “Ethno-Political Aspects Ket’ko, S. M. (Cheliabinsk). with Voronezh CASE. of Regional Transformation in “Socio-Cultural Changes in the Finno-Ugric Regions of the Russian Consciousness of Children: The Kolomak, E. A. (Novosibirsk). Federation: A Crisis of Sovereignty Determinant and Motivational “Management of the Competitive and Ethnicity.” Affiliated with Functions of Advertisements.” Environment at a Sub-Federal Novgorod CASE. Affiliated with Voronezh CASE. Level in Russia: Tendencies, Results, Effects.” Affiliated with Kozlova, G. I. (Khabarovsk). Khalturina, D. A. (Moscow). Rostov CASE. “‘Hostess’ as a Shadow-Economy “Intercultural Adaptation in the Practice in the Sphere of the Russian Megapolis: Socio-Spatial Konovalov, A. B. (Kemerovo). Labor Migration of Women in the Aspect.” Affiliated with Voronezh “The Formation and Functioning Asia-Pacific Region (The Example CASE. of the Nomenklatura Cadres Party of Khabarovskii Krai).” Affiliated Apparatus VKP(b)-KPSS in the with Far Eastern CASE. Khodzhaeva, E. A. (Kazan’). Regions of Siberia (1945-1991).” “Particularities of the Idea of Affiliated with Irkutsk CASE. Kudriavtseva, M. O. (St. Tolerance in Contemporary Petersburg). “Between Russia, Religious Discourse.” Affiliated Kormina, Z. V. (St. Petersburg). Mongolia, and China: Mongolian with Urals CASE. “The Culture of Travel in Modern ‘Shuttles’ at the Russian Border.” Russia: Between Excursion and Affiliated with Irkutsk CASE. Khristoforov, I. A. (Lukhovitsy, Pilgrimage.” Affiliated with Urals Moskovskaia oblast’). CASE. Kurbatova, M. V. (Kemerovo). “An “Government Politics and Society: Institutional Model of Interaction 23

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | CENTERS FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND EDUCATION Introducing Russian Centers for Advanced Study and Education (CASEs) to an American Audience

The Kennan Institute, National Council for Eurasian and East European Research, and ISE Center (Information. Scholarship. Education.) hosted a conference on September 30-October 1, 2003 that brought together members of the U.S. academic and policy communities and Russian scholars representing regional state universities throughout the country. The conference highlighted the early results of the Russian Centers for Advanced Study and Education (CASE) program. The CASE program supports high-quality research in the social sciences and humanities and promotes the establishment of active academic communities throughout Russia. According to Vartan Gregorian, President of Carnegie Corporation of New York, “The nine regional CASE Centers have truly become what we had all hoped—the foundation for the renewal of a vibrant intellectual life in Russia; not just in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but throughout Russia.”The conference featured presentations by representatives of the nine CASEs on topics pertinent to the CASE themes, including Russian regional politics, intercultural and interethnic relations, and Russian relations with the West. Speakers addressed both the theoretical foundations of these areas of study and the practical issues facing Russia at home and in the international arena. In addition, representatives of several CASEs explained how their Centers are addressing these important issues through research and scholarship. Representatives of the U.S. academic community, the Russian Ministry of Education, and several funding organizations discussed the future of education and scholarship in Russia and possibilities for integration into global education space. They identified a number of problems in Russia’s system of higher education that must be addressed, including: demographic decline in Russia, the lack of a system of accreditation, outdated teaching methods, and incompatibil- ity with the educational systems of other countries. Several speakers argued that these problems might be resolved by more creatively and effectively using the limited resources that are currently available in the Russian education system. A luncheon on October 1 featured keynote remarks from Gregorian, as well as Lee H. Hamilton, President and Director of the Woodrow Wilson Center, and Mikhail Strikhanov, Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Federation. All three speakers agreed that a vibrant system of higher education is crucial to Russia’s future social, political, and economic development, and that promoting educational development is one of the most important forms of aid that the United States can offer to Russia. They praised the CASE program for fostering international academic cooperation and creating dynamic academic communities within Russia. “With the CASE program and similar efforts to develop Russia’s higher education, we act to ensure that the world enjoys the benefit of Russian wisdom and creativity and talent in the generations to come. And we bring our peoples closer together,” said Hamilton. This two-day conference successfully introduced the CASE program to an interested American audience. During the upcoming year, in an effort to foster more intensive interaction around specific research agendas and deepen CASE interaction with the broader international social scientific community, the Kennan Institute plans to conduct a series of thematic workshops involving CASE-affiliated scholars and other scholars from around the world who are engaged in similar research. These workshop groups (focusing on the themes of: Russia and the world, diverse cultures in contemporary societies, and state and society relations in transitional societies) will each convene several times and each will result in the publication of a 24 multi-national, inter-generational, and cross-disciplinary volume.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Between Business and Local Factor of the Development of Organs of Power (The Example of Tolerance.” Affiliated with Urals Kemerovskaia oblast’).” Affiliated CASE. with Rostov CASE. Lidzar’, T. A. (Khabarovsk). Kuteinikov, A. E. (St. Petersburg). “‘Hostess’ as a Shadow-Economy “Normative-Legal Regulation of Practice in the Sphere of the International Relations in the Asia- Labor Migration of Women in the Pacific Region: The Contribution Asia-Pacific Region (The Example of Multilateral Organizations.” of Khabarovskii krai).” Affiliated Affiliated with Far Eastern CASE. with Far Eastern CASE.

Kuznetsova, A. E. (Voronezh). Liubzhin, A. I. (Moscow). “Lexicographic Conceptology, “‘Rossiada’ and the European Theology, and Mythic Poetics of Epic Traditions.” Affiliated with the Semantic Ties between Voronezh CASE. Kolomna. “A House Divided.” (Photo: William ‘Tolerance’ and ‘Peace’ (‘Calm’).” Brumfield) Affiliated with Urals CASE. Lukoianov, I. V. (St. Petersburg). “Russian Imperial Orientalism in Kuznetsova, O. B. (Yaroslavl’). the Second Half of the Nineteenth Maslinskii, K. A. (St. Petersburg). “Yaroslavl’ Icon-Painting in the through the Beginning of the “Indigenous Peoples of the Far Cultural-Historical Situation in the Twentieth Century.” Affiliated with East in the Post-Soviet Era.” Second Half of the Eighteenth Saratov CASE. Affiliated with Irkutsk CASE. Century.” Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. Lur’e, S. V. (St. Petersburg). “New Matveeva, N. V. (Omsk). Russian Nationalism as a Socio- “Historical Science, Historians, Latysheva, S. A. (Podol’sk). Cultural Project and the and Power in Russia’s Regional “Russian Folk Culture in the Spontaneously Appearing Models Space: Siberia in the Twentieth Twentieth Century: Mechanisms of of Interethnic Relations.” Affiliated Century.” Affiliated with Saratov Adaptation.” Affiliated with with Voronezh CASE. Novgorod CASE. CASE. Malinova, O. I. (Zelenograd, Matvienko, I. G. (Khabarovsk). Lazareva, N. E. (Cheliabinsk). Moskovskaia oblast’). “Rival “Network Marketing: Sectoral “Socio-Cultural Changes in the Interpretations of the Idea of the Conditions in the Market Consciousness of Children: The Nation in the Discussion about Economics of Contemporary Determinant and Motivational National Identity and the Russia.” Affiliated with Novgorod Functions of Advertisements.” Perspectives of Modernization in CASE. Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. Russia (1840-1850).” Affiliated with Rostov CASE. Leont’eva, E. O. (Khabarovsk). Mekhonoshin, K. A. (Irkutsk). ganizational Culture of Irkutsk “Network Marketing: Sectoral Malovichko, S. I. (Stavropol’). “Or Firms in Light of Modern Conditions in the Market “New Local History.” Affiliated Tendencies of Organizational Economics of Contemporary with Voronezh CASE. Development.” Affiliated with Russia.” Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. Mal’kevich, T. I. (Irkutsk). Novgorod CASE. “Between Russia, Mongolia, and Levin, S. N. (Kemerovo). “An China: Mongolian ‘Shuttles’ at the Mikeshin, M. I. (St. Petersburg). Institutional Model of Interaction Russian Border.” Affiliated with “The Reception of British Social- Between Business and Local Irkutsk CASE. Philosophical Thought in Russia Organs of Power (The Example of (Eighteenth and Nineteenth Kemerovskaia oblast’).” Affiliated Mamontova, M. A. (Omsk). Centuries).” Affiliated with Baltic with Rostov CASE. “Historical Science, Historians, CASE. and Power in Russia’s Regional Mikhailova T. V. (St. Petersburg). Levontina, I. B. (Moscow). Space: Siberia in the Twentieth “Beyond the Borders of “Understanding Key Ideas of the Century.” Affiliated with Saratov Tolerance: Ethnic Problems in Linguistic Map of the World as a CASE. 25

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | CENTERS FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND EDUCATION Higher Education.” Affiliated with Nikitina, I. A. (Moscow). “Russian Ovchinnikov, M. V. (Cheliabinsk). Urals CASE. Folk Culture in the Twentieth “Socio-Cultural Changes in the Century: Mechanisms of Consciousness of Children: The Mikhel’, D. V. (Saratov). “Blood Adaptation.” Affiliated with Determinant and Motivational Transfusions in the Context of Novgorod CASE. Functions of Advertisements.” Meaning, Power, and Morals: A Affiliated with Voronezh CASE. Social History of Biomedical Nikonenko, S. V. (St. Petersburg). Technology in Russia, 1900-1940.” “Comparative Analysis of Pantina, L. A. (Kazan’). “Regional Affiliated with Saratov CASE. Imaginative Perceptions of Features of Youth Extremism in Cultural Traditions.” Affiliated National Republics.” Affiliated Miliaeva, L. G. (Biisk, Altaiskii with Voronezh CASE. with Urals CASE. krai). “Marketing Research in the Educational Services of Provincial Novikova, A. A. (Taganrog). Pashina, O. A. (Moscow). Towns (Establishment of Higher “The Media Literacy of Future “Russian Folk Culture in the Education as an Example).” Teachers as One of the Most Twentieth Century: Mechanisms of Affiliated with Tomsk CASE. Important Goals of the Adaptation.” Affiliated with Modernization of the Russian Novgorod CASE. Minakov, A. I. (Voronezh). Educational Process.” Affiliated “Government Politics and Society: with Rostov CASE. Pen’kovskaia, U. A. (Pervoural’sk, Conservative Programs for the Sverdlovskaia oblast’). “Poetic Economic Modernization of Russia Nozhenko, M. V. (St. Folklore of the Elderly Population (Second Quarter of the Nineteenth Petersburg). “Regional Identity in of Trans-Baikal and Russian Ust’ as Century Through the Beginning of the Neighborhood of the Historio-Cultural Legacy in a the Twentieth Century).” Affiliated European Union (The Examples of Dialogue with Interethnic with Voronezh CASE. the Republic of Kareliia and Cultures.” Affiliated with Voronezh Kaliningradskaia Oblast’).” CASE. Mishankina, N. A. (Tomsk). “The Affiliated with Baltic CASE. Mechanisms of Linguistic Perekhval’skaia, E. V. (St. Modeling in Virtual Reality (Based Okasheva, N. E. (Sel’tso, Petersburg). “Indigenous Peoples on Chat-Communication Leningradskaia oblast’). “The of the Far East in the Post-Soviet Materials).” Affiliated with Tomsk Culture of Travel in Modern Era.” Affiliated with Irkutsk CASE. CASE. Russia: Between Excursion and Pilgrimage.” Affiliated with Urals Petrov, A. V. (Tomsk). “Classical Musaev, V. I. (St. Petersburg). CASE. Literature in the Formation of “The Russian Diaspora in Finland: Contemporary Cultural and Problems of Maintaining Identity Okol’nishnikova, I. I. Historical Consciousness (Based and Cultural Traditions.” Affiliated (Cheliabinsk). “Socio-Cultural on the Classical Russian Prose of with Novgorod CASE. Changes in the Consciousness of the Nineteenth Century: N. V. Children: The Determinant and Gogol’, F. M. Dostoevskii, L. N. Nefliasheva, N. A. (Maikop, Motivational Functions of Tolstoi).” Affiliated with Tomsk Adygei Republic). “Islamic Advertisements.” Affiliated with CASE. Institutions in the System of Voronzezh CASE. Governing the Muslim Petrov, E. V. (St. Petersburg). Populations of the Russian Empire Oleinik, A. N. (Moscow). “The “Adaptation of Foreign Migrants from the Nineteenth to the Early Expansion of Non-Corrupt in Russian Cities.” Affiliated with Twentieth Century. Volga, Channels for Interaction Between Tomsk CASE. Northwest Caucasus, and Central Business and Government Asia: Regional Dynamics.” Administration in Russia.” Poletaev, D. V. (Moscow). Affiliated with Saratov CASE. Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. “Adaptation of Foreign Migrants in Russian Cities.” Affiliated with Nikitin, M. D. (Saratov). “Russian Orlova, G. A. (Rostov-na-donu). Tomsk CASE. Imperial Orientalism in the “Gaining Territory: Physical Second Half of the Nineteenth Geography as an Ideological Prokop’ev, V. N. (Chita). “The through the Beginning of the Resource of Soviet Power.” Expansion of Non-Corrupt Twentieth Century.” Affiliated with Affiliated with Saratov CASE. Channels for Interaction Between 26 Saratov CASE. Business and Government

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Administration in Russia.” Traditions.” Affiliated with Shakh, M. I. (Moscow). Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. Voronezh CASE. “Normative-Legal Regulation of International Relations in the Rakachev, V. N. (Krasnodar). Rumiantseva, M. F. (Moscow). Asian-Pacific Region: The “Phenomenon of National- “New Local History.” Affiliated Contribution of Multilateral Cultural Associations in Krasnodar with Voronezh CASE. Organizations.” Affiliated with Far Krai: Sociological Analysis.” Eastern CASE. Affiliated with Voronezh CASE. Ryazantsev, S. V. (Moscow). “Russia in the System of Global Shalina, I. A. (St. Petersburg). Razeev, D. N. (St. Petersburg). Migratory Trends and the “Painting of Ancient Tikhvin: “German Phenomenology and its Modernization of Russian Problems of History, Reception in Russia.” Affiliated Migration Policy (Federal and Development, and Traditions of with Baltic CASE. Regional Aspects).” Affiliated with an Arts Center.” Affiliated with Rostov CASE. Novgorod CASE. Remnev, A. V. (Omsk). “Russian Imperial Orientalism in the Ryzhova, N. P. (Blagoveshchensk, Shcherbak, A. N. (St. Petersburg). Second Half of the Nineteenth Amurskaia oblast’). “Chinese “Role of Large Corporations in through the Beginning of the Enterprise in Russia: Socio- Regional Modernization.” Twentieth Century.” Affiliated with Economic and Socio- Affiliated with Rostov CASE. Saratov CASE. Psychological Analysis.” Affiliated with Irkutsk CASE. Shipovalova, L. V. (St. Rezanova, Z. I. (Tomsk). “The Petersburg). “German Mechanisms of Linguistic Sadovskaia, O. N. (St. Phenomenology and its Reception Modeling in Virtual Reality (Based Petersburg). “New Russian in Russia.” Affiliated with Baltic on Chat-Communication Nationalism as a Socio-Cultural CASE. Materials).” Affiliated with Tomsk Project and the Spontaneously CASE. Appearing Models of Interethnic Shmelev, A. D. (Moscow). Relations.” Affiliated with “Understanding Key Ideas of the Riazantsev, S. V. (Moscow). Voronezh CASE. Linguistic Map of the World as a “Russia in the System of Global Factor in the Development of Migratory Trends and the Sainakov, N. A. (Tomsk). “The Tolerance.” Affiliated with Urals Modernization of Russian Problems of Power and Morality in CASE. Migration Policy (Federal and the Formation of Russian Political Regional Aspects).” 2004. Culture in the Sixteenth Century.” Shtyrkov, S. A. (St. Petersburg). Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. “The Culture of Travel in Modern Roginskaia, O. O. (Saltykovka, Russia: Between Excursion and Moscovskaia oblast’). “‘Personal Saprokhina, G. I. (Moscow). Pilgrimage.” Affiliated with Urals Experience’ and ‘Personal “Intercultural Adaptation in the CASE. Opinion’ as the Founding Cultural Russian Megapolis: Socio-Spatial Values: Strategies of Aspect.” Affiliated with Voronezh Shumilova, E. A. (Kazan’). Autobiography in Modern Russian CASE. “Particularities of the Idea of Theater.” Affiliated with Tolerance in Contemporary Novgorod CASE. Semenova, T. O. (St. Petersburg). Religious Discourse.” Affiliated “Lexicographic Conceptology, with Urals CASE. Rolin, A. N. (Moscow). “The Theology, and Mythic Poetics of Politics of Russia’s Relations with the Semantic Ties between Solodiankina, O. I. (Cherepovets). North Korea: From Friendship to ‘Tolerance’ and ‘Peace’ (‘Calm’).” “Cross Cultural Dialogue in the Pragmatism (From the 1990s to Affiliated with Urals CASE. Activities of Foreign Governesses the Beginning of the Twenty-First in Russia.” Affiliated with Century).” Affiliated with Far Shabaev, I. P. (Syktyvkar, Republic Voronezh CASE. Eastern CASE. of Komi). “Ethno-Political Aspects of Regional Transformation in Sotnikov, A. O. (St. Petersburg). Romanenko, I. M. (St. Finno-Ugric Regions of the “Comparative Analysis of Petersburg). “Comparative Russian Federation: A Crisis of Imaginative Perceptions of Analysis of Imaginative Sovereignty and Ethnicity.” Cultural Traditions.” Affiliated with Perceptions of Cultural Affiliated with Novgorod CASE. Voronezh CASE. 27

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | CENTERS FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND EDUCATION Stepanov, V. L. (Moscow). Tiapkina, O. A. (Barnaul). Century: Decembrist A. N. “Government Politics and Society: “Mentality of Populations in Small Murav’ev and the Family of Duke Conservative Programs for the Cities in the Context of Shakhovskii.” Affiliated with Economic Modernization of Russia Modernization Processes Tomsk CASE. (Second Quarter of the Nineteenth (Example of the West Siberian Century Through the Beginning of Region in the Second Half of the Tuzikov, A. R. (Kazan’). “Regional the Twentieth Century).” Affiliated Nineteenth through the Beginning Features of Youth Extremism in with Voronezh CASE. of the Twentieth Century).” National Republics.” Affiliated Affiliated with Irkutsk CASE. with Urals CASE. Supriaga, S. V. (Kursk). “Poetic Folklore of the Elderly Population Titova, T. A. (Kazan’). “The Usacheva, V. V. (Tambov). of Trans-Baikal and Russian Ust’ as Dialogue of Cultures and “Intercultural Adaptation in the Historical-Cultural Legacy in Sociocultural Adaptations of Russian Megapolis: Socio-Spatial Interethnic Dialogue.” Affiliated Ethnic Minorities in Contemporary Aspect.” Affiliated with Voronezh with Voronezh CASE. Multiethnic Society.” Affiliated CASE. with Voronezh CASE. Taran, R. A. (St. Petersburg). Varshavskaia, E. I. (Kemerovo). “Comparative Analysis of Tumanik, E. N. (Novosibirsk). “Overtime Work as a Imaginative Perceptions of “Transformation of the Religious, Phenomenon of the Russian Labor Cultural Traditions.” Affiliated with Moral Philosophy of E. Market in the 1990s.” Affiliated Voronezh CASE. Svedenborg in Russian Social with Rostov CASE. Consciousness in the Nineteenth

Scholars Explore the Impact of Americans on Russia

Relations between the United States and Russia have always been both highly complex and extremely important for both countries. During the past year, the Kennan Institute has hosted several scholars who studied on the impact that Americans, American culture, and U.S. policies have had on Russia and the Soviet Union. Topics have ranged from U.S. aid to the Soviet Union during the famine of the 1920s to American cultural expositions in the Soviet Union. Natalia Reshetova, a historian from the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, came to the Institute to study the 1921 famine in Soviet Russia and American aid. She concluded that American help to Russia can be considered as an important international factor that “softened” the negative consequences of the civil war. Similarly, Bertrand Patenaude, a Research Fellow at the Hoover Institution, while presenting his book The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to the Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921, discussed a historical account of the Soviet famine of 1921. He stated that the Soviet government could not cope with the calamity and the American Relief Administration was invited in to “stave off disaster.” Challenges facing the relief effort came from individual relief workers, the obstructionism of the Soviet government, and the population itself. On the political-diplomatic side of U.S.-Russian relations, Martin Halliwell, from the University of Leicester, U.K., researched the intellectual relationship of George Kennan and Reinhold Niebuhr during their work in the State Department in 1947, their perceptions of Russian communism, and its impact on U.S. foreign policy. Halliwell’s research has shown that Niebuhr did not directly influence Cold War policy, but did help to establish the rhetoric by which the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union was framed. Another scholar, Patricia Herlihy, a research professor from the Watson Institute for International 28 Relations at Brown University, worked on a biography of Eugene Schuyler, an American diplo-

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Vasil’ev, D. V. (Korolev). “Islamic Zabrovskaia, L. V. (Vladivostok). Linguistic Map of the World as a Institutions in the System of “The Politics of Russia’s Relations Factor of the Development of Governing the Muslim with North Korea: From Tolerance.” Affiliated with Urals Populations of the Russian Empire Friendship to Pragmatism (From CASE. from the Nineteenth to the Early the 1990s to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century. Volga, Twenty-First Century).” Affiliated Zinatullina, G. I. (Tiumen’). “The Northwest Caucasus, and Central with Far Eastern CASE. Territory of Childhood: Customs, Asia: Regional Dynamics.” Conspiracies, and Protection of Affiliated with Saratov CASE. Zaitsev, D. V. (Saratov). “Tolerance People in Multiethnic Regions and Integrated Education for (The Example of Tiumenskaia Veselova, A. I. (St. Petersburg). Children with Disabilities: A oblast’).” Affiliated with Irkutsk “Russian ‘Gardeners’ and Sociological Analysis.” Affiliated CASE. Gardening in the Second Half of with Urals CASE. the Eighteenth Century: Esthetics Zinurov, A. M. (Kazan’). “Regional and Poetics.” Affiliated with Zaitsev, I. N. (St. Petersburg). Features of Youth Extremism in Novgorod CASE. “The Place of Ontological National Republics.” Affiliated Argument in the Conceptions of with Urals CASE. Viktorova, K. V. (St. Petersburg). S. L. Frank and E. Levinas.” “Indigenous Peoples of the Far Affiliated with Baltic CASE. Zinurova, R. I. (Kazan’). “Regional East in the Post-Soviet Era.” Features of Youth Extremism in Affiliated with Irkutsk CASE. Zalizniak, A. A. (Moscow). National Republics.” Affiliated “Understanding Key Ideas of the with Urals CASE.

mat who served as a Consul, Consul General and Chargé d’Affaires at the U.S. missions in Moscow and St. Petersburg, among other posts. She found out that his knowledge of Russian and his social skills enabled him to gain access to confidential material, which he relayed to Washington. The Kennan Institute hosted a seminar with David Engerman, Assistant Professor at the Department of History at Brandeis University, where he discussed his new book Modernization from the Other Shore: American Intellectuals and the Romance of Russian Development. In his book, Engerman devoted considerable attention to the Soviet Union’s Five Year Plan and the resulting famine and the writings of George Kennan “the Elder” and his great nephew George F. Kennan. Engerman explained that America’s Russia watchers from across the political spec- trum were entranced by the transformation of the “Empire of Peasants” into a modern industrial power. He stressed that many justified the financial and human costs as a small price to pay for building an industrial society. Fulbright-Kennan Institute Research Scholar Sergei Zhuravlev’s project focused on those Americans who migrated to the Soviet Union during the 1930s. American émigrés to the Soviet Union included many committed Communists, but the majority were simply in search of work. Zhuravlev identified dozens of American expatriates who were arrested or killed in Stalin’s xenophobic purges. Through extensive archival research on American purge victims, he determined that they were a highly diverse group of people who were motivated to immigrate to the Soviet Union for a variety of political, economic, and ideological reasons. Eleonory Gilburd, a doctoral candidate at the University of California, Berkeley, studied foreign culture in the Soviet Union. She found that not only was America represented at fairs and exhibitions in the Soviet Union by Russian émigrés, but their opinions and observations contributed to the formation of the U.S. perceptions of Soviet citizenry. 29

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | CENTERS FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND EDUCATION MEETINGS

The Kennan Institute sponsors an extensive program of meetings that bring together experts from academia, government, business, and the media in a non-partisan forum. The majority of meetings are open to the public; speakers and audience engage in dialogue on a broad range of issues regarding Russia, Ukraine, and surrounding states. Weekly noon discussions allow scholars and experts to present their research findings to a diverse and challenging audience. Seminars and colloquia provide opportunities for more lengthy discussions of new research, and policy forums provide an opportunity to demonstrate how research results funded by the Title VIII program can be applied to contemporary policy issues affecting U.S. relations with Russia and the surrounding states. Noon discussions and seminars are covered regularly by the Voice of America as well as by journalists from the print and television media, including C-SPAN TV. In addition to noon discussions and seminars, the Institute organizes conferences and convenes small workshops to bring together leading experts to examine specialized topics in depth. Numerous informal discussions give scholars in the Woodrow Wilson Center community ample opportunity to trade ideas and get to know one another, and often provide a Russian- language forum for visiting Russian scholars to discuss topics in the social sciences and humanities with resident scholars.

TUESDAY-WEDNESDAY, Introduction: “What are the “Siberia and the Russian Far SEPTEMBER 30-OCTOBER CASEs?” East” 1, 2003 Chair: Blair A. Ruble, Director, Chair: Stephen Kotkin, Professor, CONFERENCE Kennan Institute. Department of History, and Cosponsored by ISE-Center, Director, Program in Russian Moscow and the National Speakers: Deana Arsenian, Senior Studies, Princeton University. Council for Eurasian and East Program Officer, International Speakers: Vladimir Baranovskii, European Research Peace and Security Project, Deputy Director, Institute of World The Integration of Russia Carnegie Corporation of New York; Economy and International into the International Robert Huber, President, National Relations, Russian Academy of Academic Community: Council for Eurasian and East Sciences, Moscow; Tat’iana Perspectives from Russian European Research; Andrei Skrynnikova, Professor of History Education and Scholarship Kortunov, President, ISE Center and Chair, Department of Culture (Information. Scholarship. and Art Studies, Insitute for Welcoming Remarks Education.), Moscow; John Mongolian, Buddhist, and Tibetan Blair A. Ruble, Director, Kennan Slocum, Co-Director, Initiative in Studies, Institute of Oriental Institute; Andrei Kortunov, the Russian Federation and Post- Studies, Russian Academy of President, ISE Center Soviet States, John D. and Sciences, Irkutsk, and Chair, (Information. Scholarship. Catherine T. MacArthur Irkutsk CASE Academic Council; Education.), Moscow. Foundation. Discussant: Nancy Ries, 30 Associate Professor, Department

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER of Anthropology, and Director, Russian, and East European Education of the Russian Peace Studies Program, Colgate Studies, Georgetown University. Federation. University. Speakers: Sergei Deviatkin, Associate Professor and Chair, “How Russian Education and “Cultural Communications Department of Philosophical Scholarship Can be Integrated and Tolerance” Anthropology, Novgorod State into Global Education Space” Chair: Maria Carlson, Professor, University, and Director, Chair: Andrei Kortunov, Department of Slavic Languages Novgorod CASE; Gennady President, ISE Center and Literature, and Courtesy Fedorov, Chair, Department of (Information. Scholarship. Professor, Department of History, Social Economics, Geography and Education.), Moscow. University of Kansas. Geopolitics, Kaliningrad Sate Speakers: Robert Huber, Speakers: Elena Ishchenko, Univeristy, and Director, Baltic President, National Council for Associate Professor, Department CASE; Discussant: Dan Davidson, Eurasian and East European of Philosophy, Voronezh State Co-Founder and President, Research; Blair A. Ruble, Director, University, and Voroznezh CASE American Councils for Kennan Institute; Gerson Sher, Coordinator; Maxim Khomiakov, International Education: President and Executive Director, Director, Institute of Tolerance and ACTR/ACCELS, and Professor, Civilian Research and Comparative Studies in World Departments of Russian and Development Foundation; Civilization, Urals State University, Second Language Acquisition, Tat’iana Zhdanova, Co-Director, and Director, Urals CASE; Sergei Bryn Mawr College. Initative in the Russian Federation Kropotov, Professor of Cultural and Post-Soviet States, and Studies, Urals State University, and “The Future of Russian Director, Moscow Office, John D. Scientific Director, Urals CASE; Education and Scholarship” and Catherine T. MacArthur Discussant: Nancy Condee, Chair: Robert Huber, President, Foundation. Director, Graduate Program for National Council for Eurasian and Cultural Studies, University of East European Research. MONDAY, OCTOBER 6, 2003 Pittsburgh. Speakers: Harley Balzer, NOON DISCUSSION Associate Professor, Department “Putin’s Russia: Unaccountable “The Nature of Russian of Government and International Government, Irresponsible Political Power in Regional Affairs, and Associate Faculty Citizens,” Masha Lipman, Editor, Perspectives” Member, Department of History, Pro et Contra, Carnegie Moscow Chair: Jeffrey Hahn, Professor, Georgetown University; Mark Center. Department of Political Science, Johnson, Associate Professor, and Director, Russian Area Studies Department of History, Colorado WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 8, Concentration, Villanova University. College; Andrei Kortunov, 2003 Speakers: Artem Rykun, President, ISE Center CONFERENCE Associate Professor and Deputy (Information. Scholarship. Cosponsored by the Comparative Chair, Department of Sociology, Education.), Moscow; Mikhail Urban Studies Project, Woodrow Tomsk State Pedagogical Strikhanov, Deputy Minister, Wilson Center University; Galina Lashkova, Ministry of Education of the Spatial Dimensions of Associate Professor, Department of Russian Federation; William Poverty in Eastern Europe Philology, Saratov State University, Zimmerman, Professor, and the Newly Independent and Chair, Department of Foreign Department of Political Science, States Languages, Saratov Institute of and Research Scientist, Center for Business and Information Political Studies, University of Welcome Technology; Discussant: Robert Michigan. Blair A. Ruble, Director, Kennan Orttung, Associate Research Institute. Professor, Transnational Crime and Lunch with Keynote Remarks Corruption Center, American Speakers: Lee H. Hamilton, “Perspectives on Urban University. President and Director, Woodrow Poverty” Wilson International Center for Julia Szalai, Head, Department of “Russia and the West” Scholars; Vartan Gregorian, Social Policy and Social History, Chair: Angela Stent, Professor, President, Carnegie Corporation Institute of Sociology, Hungarian Department of Government, and of New York; Mikhail Strikhanov, Academy of Sciences; Stephen Director, Center for Eurasian, Deputy Minister, Ministry of Crowley, Associate Professor, 31

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS Politics Department, Oberlin U.S. Trade and Investment in Russia Studies, Weatherhead Center for College. and Eurasia,” Jan Kalicki, Public International Affairs, Harvard Policy Scholar, Woodrow Wilson University. “Strategies for Poverty Center; Eugene Lawson, President, Alleviation” U.S.-Russia Business Council. Discussants: Murray Feshbach, Elizabeth McKeon, Labor Market Senior Scholar, Woodrow Wilson and Social Transition Specialist, THURSDAY-FRIDAY, Center; Eugene Fishel, Senior Europe and Eurasia Bureau, U.S. OCTOBER 16-17, 2003 Analyst, Office of Russian and Agency for International TITLE VIII RESEARCH Eurasian Analysis, Bureau of Development; Ellen Hamilton, WORKSHOP Intelligence and Research, U.S. Urban Specialist, World Bank; Contemporary and Historical Department of State; Candy Anastassia Alexandrova, Project Perspectives on Conflict in Green, Program Officer, Office of Manager, Urban Economics the Former Soviet Union International Energy and Institute, Moscow. Commodities Policy, Economic Workshop organizer: Mark Katz, Bureau, U.S. Department of State; FRIDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2003 Professor of Government and William Hill, Head of Mission, SEMINAR Politics, Department of Public and Organization for Security and “Culture/Kultura: Russian International Affairs, George Cooperation in Europe, Moldova, Influences on American Performing Mason University, and former Title and former Public Policy Scholar, Arts: Theater,” Andrei Malaev- VIII-Supported Research Scholar, Woodrow Wilson Center; Kelly Babel, Producing Artistic Director, Kennan Institute. Kivler, Analyst, Office of Russian Stanislavsky Theater Studio; Sarah and Eurasian Analysis, Bureau of Kane, Artistic Associate, Participants: “Ukraine’s Energy Intelligence and Research, U.S. Stanislavsky Theater Studio, and Policy and U.S. Strategic Interests Department of State; John Vice-President, MICHA (Michael in Eurasia,” Margarita Balmaceda, Machado, Analyst, Office of Chekhov Association), New York; Assistant Professor, School of Russian and Eurasian Analysis, Leslie Jacobson, Chair and Diplomacy and International Bureau of Intelligence and Professor of Theater, Department Relations, Seton Hall University, and Research, U.S. Department of of Theater and Dance, George Associate, Davis Center for Russian State; Harold Rhode, Analyst, U.S. Washington University. Studies and Ukrainian Research Department of Defense; Kate Institute, Harvard University; Watters, Co-founder, Crude TUESDAY, OCTOBER 14, “Whose House is Moldova? Accountability, Alexandria, VA. 2003 Hospitality as a Model for Ethnic BOOK LAUNCH Relations,” Jennifer Cash, Ph.D. THURSDAY-FRIDAY, “Black Earth: A Journey through recipient, Department of OCTOBER 16-17 Russia after the Fall,” Andrew Anthropology, Indiana University; CONFERENCE Meier, Contributor, Time Europe, “Kyrgyzstan: A Potential Ally in Co-sponsored with the University of and former Fellow, Woodrow America’s War on Terror,” Michele Paris-X, Naterre Wilson Center. Commercio, Ph.D. candidate, Paris Department of Political Science, Integrating Russia into TUESDAY, OCTOBER 14, University of Pennsylvania; Europe 2003 “Political Passivity and Russia’s LECTURE Health Crisis,” Debra Javeline, Introductory remarks Cosponsored by the Middle East Assistant Professor, Department of Alexander Motyl, Associate Project, Woodrow Wilson Center Political Science, Rice University; Professor of Political Science and “Ballistic Missiles in Iran’s Military “Stakeholder Inclusion in Caspian Deputy Director, Center for Global Thinking,” Kamran Taremi, Basin Natural Resource Change and Governance, Rutgers Faculty of Law and Political Management,” Mary Matthews, University. Science, University of Tehran, Iran, Assistant Professor, Department of and Short-Term Scholar, Kennan Environmental Science and Policy, “French, German, and Institute. University of South Florida, St. American perspectives on Petersburg; “Myths and Mysticism: Russia-Europe-US relations” THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16, An Historical Perspective on Islam Chair: Wanda Dressler, Professor, 2003 and Conflict in the North University of Paris-X, Naterre. BOOK LAUNCH Caucasus,” Michael Reynolds, Speakers: Sophia Clement, 32 “Russian-Eurasian Renaissance? Fellow, Olin Institute for Strategic Institut des Sciences Politiques,

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Paris; Alexander Rahr, Program Supported Research Scholar, Director, Koerber Unit, German Kennan Institute. Council on Foreign Relations, Berlin; Rajan Menon, Monroe J. OCTOBER 22-23, 2003 Rathbone Professor, Department ALUMNI SEMINAR of International Relations, Lehigh Simferopol/Yalta University. “Ethnic situation in Crimea: mod- Discussants: Dov Lynch, Research ern status and development Fellow, Institute for Security prospects” Studies, Paris; Jutta Scherrer, “Regional Dimensions of Global Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Changes: Crimea” Sciences Sociales, Paris; Armand Oleh Gabrielian, Chair, Clesse, Director, Luxembourg Department of Political Sciences, Institute for European and Tavrian National University; International Studies; Jaques Mykhailo Hrodzynskyi, Professor, Sapir, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Chair, Department of Geography, en Sciences Sociales, Paris. Kyiv National University; Serhiy Rymarenko, Senior Reseach Presentations of the working Fellow, Institute of Political and group Ethnonational Studies, National Komsomolsk-na-Amure. Apartment house, Lenin Chair: Wanda Dressler, Professor, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect 21. (Photo: William Brumfield) University of Paris-X, Naterre. Kyiv. Speakers: Elizabeth Teague, Researcher, Ministry of Defence, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 23, United Kingdom; Ania Krok- 2003 MONDAY, OCTOBER 27, Paszkowska, Research Fellow, SEMINAR 2003 Robert Schuman Centre, European Moscow NOON DISCUSSION University Institute, Florence; Jan “Self-Identification and the “Capital of the Tsars and Soul of Zielonka, Robert Schuman Centre, Demands on Artists in the 20th Mankind: How the Two St. European University Institute, Century,” Evgeny Tsymbal, film Petersburgs Defined Russian Florence; Stephan Kux, Senior maker, Moscow. Culture,” John Brown, Research Lecturer on Political Science, Associate, Institute for the Study of University of Zurich; Rajan Menon, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 23, Diplomacy, Georgetown University. Monroe J. Rathbone Professor, 2003 Department of International BOOK LAUNCH FRIDAY, OCTOBER 31, 2003 Relations, Lehigh University; Cosponsored with the Cold War POLICY FORUM Alexander Rahr, Program Director, International History Project, U.S. Department of State Koerber Unit, German Council on Woodrow Wilson Center “Russia’s Regional Executive Foreign Relations, Berlin; “Driving the Soviets up the Wall: Elections,” Andrew Konitzer- Alexander Motyl, Associate Soviet-East German Relations, Smirnov, Assistant Professor of Professor of Political Science and 1953-1961,” Hope Harrison, Political Science, Baylor University. Deputy Director, Center for Global Assistant Professor of History and Change and Governance, Rutgers International Affairs, George MONDAY, NOVEMBER 3, University. Washington University, and former 2003 Title VIII-Supported Research BOOK LAUNCH MONDAY, OCTOBER 20, Scholar, Kennan Institute. “GULAG: A History,” Anne 2003 Applebaum, columnist, NOON DISCUSSION THURSDAY, OCTOBER 23, Washington Post. Kennan Institute U.S. Alumni 2003 Series BOOK LAUNCH WEDNESDAY-THURSDAY, “The Tsar’s Last Imperialist: the “St. Petersburg’s 300 Years: New NOVEMBER 5-6, 2003 Outrageous Life of Baron Ungern Perspectives on Old Myths,” CONFERENCE von Shternberg,” Willard Arthur George, Partner, Baker & Cosponsored by the Middle East Sunderland, Associate Professor, McKenzie, Chicago, and author, St. Project, Woodrow Wilson Center Department of History, University Petersburg: Russia’s Window to the Islam in Russia: History, of Cincinnati, and former Title VIII- Future—The First Three Centuries. Politics, and Culture 33

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS Welcoming Remarks Kennan Institute U.S. Alumni “Famine as a Weapon and Michael H. Van Dusen, Deputy Series Lessons for Prevention of Director, Woodrow Wilson “Is Going to Court a Waste of Genocide, Atrocities, and International Center for Scholars. Time for Russian Firms?” Kathryn Ethnic Cleansing” Hendley, Professor, Department Chair: Kathleen Kuehnast, “Historical Development of of Political Science and School of Research Associate, Institute for Islam in Russia” Law, University of Wisconsin, Russian, European and Eurasian Talib Saidbaev, Advisor to the Madison; former Title VIII- Studies, George Washington Head Mufti, Spiritual Supported Research Scholar, University; former Title VIII- Administration of Muslims of Kennan Institute; and former Supported Research Scholar, Russia; Robert Crews, Assistant Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center. Kennan Institute; and Member, Professor of History, Stanford Kennan Institute Advisory Council. University, and former Title VIII- THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 13, Speakers: Frank Chalk, Professor, Supported Research Scholar, 2003 Department of History, and Co- Kennan Institute. CONFERENCE Director, Montreal Institute for Cosponsored by the Embassy of Genocide and Human Rights “Political Islam and the War in Ukraine to the United States; the Studies, Concordia University, Chechnya” Ukrainian Congress Committee of Montreal; David Marcus, inde- John Dunlop, Senior Fellow, America; and the U.S.-Ukraine pendent researcher, San Hoover Institution; Aleksei Foundation Francisco; Gregory Stanton, Malashenko, Deputy Director, The Ukrainian Man-Made President, Genocide Watch. Carnegie Moscow Center. Famine of 1932-1933 Conclusion “Emergence of Islamic “Famine - Known and Paula Dobriansky, Under Identity Among Russian Unknown” Secretary of State for Global Muslims” Chair: Blair A. Ruble, Director, Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Shireen Hunter, Director, Islam Kennan Institute, Woodrow Program, Center for Strategic and Wilson Center. Film Screening at the Embassy International Studies; Rustem Speakers: Yuri Shapoval, Center of Ukraine to the United Shukurov, Associate Professor of for Historical and Political Studies, States History, Moscow State University. Institute of Political and “Famine 33,” directed by Oles Ethnonational Studies, National Yanchuk. “Introduction of Islam into Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Political and Public Life” Kyiv; James Mace, Professor of FRIDAY-SATURDAY, Kate Graney, Assistant Professor Political Science, National NOVEMBER 14-15, 2003 of Government, Skidmore University of Kyiv-Mohyla TITLE VIII RESEARCH College; Radik Amirov, Head of Academy, Kyiv; Abbott Gleason, WORKSHOP Press Service, Russian Council of Senior Fellow, Watson Institute for Multi-Cultural Legacies in Religious Affairs. International Studies; Professor, Russia and Ukraine Department of History, Brown THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 6, University; and former Secretary, Workshop Organizers 2003 Kennan Institute. Dominique Arel, Associate SEMINAR Professor, School of Political “Russian Attitudes toward “International Reception of Studies, University of Ottawa; Democracy and Human Rights: the Ukrainian Famine” Blair A. Ruble, Director, Kennan Survey Results from 2001-03” Chair: Nadia Diuk, Director, Institute. Sarah Mendelson, Senior Fellow, Central Europe and Eurasia, Center for Strategic and National Endowment for Participants International Studies; Theodore Democracy. “Migration, Hostility, and Gerber, Associate Professor, Speakers: Eugene Fishel, Senior Ethnopolitical Mobilization: Department of Sociology, Analyst, Bureau of Intelligence Russia’s Anti-Chinese Legacies in University of Wisconsin, Madison. and Research, Office of Russian Formation,” Mikhail Alexseev, and Eurasian Analysis, U.S. Associate Professor, Political MONDAY, NOVEMBER 10, Department of State; Leonard Science Department, San Diego 2003 Leshuk, independent researcher, State University; “Nation-Building 34 NOON DISCUSSION Washington, D.C. after Socialism: Contested

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Komsomolsk-na-Amure.Entrance gates, Shipbuilders (Central) Park. (Photo: William Brumfield)

Meanings of ‘Sovereignty’ in Government, Harvard University; James Goldgeier, Associate Tatarstan,” Helen Faller, Ph.D. can- “New Rich, New Poor: Religion and Professor of Political Science and didate, Department of Moral Order in Ukraine,” Catherine International Affairs and Director, Anthropology, University of Wanner, Assistant Professor, Institute for Russian and Eurasian Michigan, Ann Arbor; “Theorizing Department of History and Studies, George Washington Nationalist Separatism in Russia,” Religious Studies Program, University; Michael McFaul, Senior Elise Giuliano, Assistant Professor, Pennsylvania State University; Associate, Carnegie Endowment Political Science Department, “Arbiters of the Free Conscience: for International Peace, and University of Miami, and former State, Religion and the Problem of Associate Professor of Political Title VIII-Supported Short-Term Confessional Transfer after 1905,” Science and Peter and Helen Bing Scholar, Kennan Institute; “Soviet Paul Werth, Assistant Professor, Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Nationalities Policy and History Department, University of Stanford University. Assimilation,” Dmitry Gorenburg, Nevada, Las Vegas and former Title Director of Russian and East VIII-Supported Research Scholar, MONDAY NOVEMBER 24, European Programs, Center for Kennan Institute. 2003 Naval Analyses, Alexandria, VA, BOOK LAUNCH and Fellow, Woodrow Wilson MONDAY, NOVEMBER 17, Cosponsored by the Cold War Center; “Schooling and Language 2003 International History Project, in Ukraine,” Alexandra Hrycak, BOOK LAUNCH Woodrow Wilson Center Assistant Professor, Department of “Summerfolk: A History of the “Cultural Exchange and the Cold Sociology, Reed College, and for- Dacha, 1700-2000,” Stephen War: Raising the Iron Curtain,” mer Title VIII-Supported Short-Term Lovell, Lecturer, Department of Yale Richmond, author, Scholar; “Beauplan’s Prism: History, King’s College London. Washington, D.C., and former Represented Contact Zones and Foreign Service Officer, U.S. Mapping Practices in Ukraine, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 18, Department of State. 1795-1914,” Steven Seegel, Ph.D. 2003 candidate, Russian and European BOOK LAUNCH MONDAY, DECEMBER 1, History Department, Brown Cosponsored by the Cold War 2003 University; “Domestic and International History Project, NOON DISCUSSION International Sources of Post-Soviet Woodrow Wilson Center Cosponsored by the Environmental Refugee Politics,” Oxana Shevel, “Power and Purpose: U.S. Policy Change and Security Project, Ph.D. candidate, Department of toward Russia after the Cold War,” Woodrow Wilson Center 35

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS The Ukrainian Man-Made Famine of 1932–33

In November, the Kennan Institute hosted a conference on the Ukrainian Famine of 1932–33. Cosponsored by the Embassy of Ukraine to the United States, the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, and the U.S.-Ukraine Foundation, the event examined new historical data about the Ukrainian famine, the international reaction to the famine, and how the famine fits in the context of our understanding of genocide. In her remarks to the conference, Paula Dobriansky, Undersecretary for Global Affairs, U.S. Department of State, noted that “each year, we learn more and more about the famine in Ukraine. Even so, it is still difficult to grasp the enormity of the tragedy: millions of people, in what was the breadbasket of the then-Soviet Union, were quite literally starved to death.” Historians have long known that the Soviet Union exported grain harvested in Ukraine and other agricultural centers during Joseph Stalin’s forced collectivization of agriculture in the early 1930s in order to finance the rapid industrialization of the Soviet Union. New evidence from Russian and Ukrainian archives now suggests that it was Stalin’s intent to use starvation as a weapon against perceived potential enemies in Ukraine. According to Yuri Shapoval of the Institute of Political and Ethnonational Studies in Kyiv, Stalin feared that the Ukrainian Communist Party was penetrated by Polish agents and believed that “nationalist tendencies” in the Ukrainian peasantry guaranteed their disloyalty to the Soviet state. Soviet officials used this perception of disloyalty to justify “special measures” used in Ukraine, such as confiscation of all food or cutting off all supplies from a farm or vil- lage. James Mace of University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy argued that the state-organized mass killing of the rural population combined with the attempted destruction of Ukrainian culture amounts to genocide against the Ukrainian nation. He noted that blockades were imposed to keep food from going in to Ukraine, and to keep starving Ukrainians inside. At the same time, leading elements of Ukrainian society were imprisoned or killed.

“Human Rights and FRIDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2003 “‘Diaspora’ Amidst Environmental Activism in Russia: SEMINAR Nationalization: The Mongolian- Lessons from the Past and “Culture/Kultura: Russian Kazakhs’ Negotiation of Challenges for the Future,” Ivan Influences on American Territorial Belonging and Pavlov, Director, Bellona Performing Arts: Film,”Naum Identity” Environmental Human Rights Kleiman, Director, Moscow Alexander Diener, Assistant Center, St. Petersburg, and Galina Cinema Museum; Annette Professor, Center for International Starovoitova Fellow on Human Michelson, Professor of Cinema Studies and Languages, Rights and Conflict Resolution, Studies, New York University. Pepperdine University, and Title Kennan Institute. VIII-Supported Research Scholar, MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, Kennan Institute. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 2003 2003 BRIEFING DECEMBER 11, 2003 SEMINAR “The Russian Economy and BOOK LAUNCH “Brick and Stucco Dreams for the Corporate Governance,”Igor V. Kyiv Man of Steel: Stalin’s Impact on Kostikov, Chairman, Federal “Political and Economic Moscow Architecture,” Olga Commission for the Securities Transformations in Russia and Zinovieva, State University of Market of the Russian Federation. Ukraine,”Aleksei Alekseev, New York Program Director, Joint Senior Research Fellow, Institute Center for the Study of U.S. and MONDAY, DECEMBER 8, of Economy and Organization of Russia, Moscow State University. 2003 Industrial Production, Siberian 36 NOON DISCUSSION Branch, Russian Academy of

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Abbott Gleason of Brown University agreed that new evidence demonstrated that Ukraine was singled out as a target of Stalin’s ire. He cautioned that the strictest interpretation of genocide—the intention to exterminate the entire population—does not seem to fit with Stalin's desire to mold Ukraine into a “model Soviet Republic.” Mace and Shapoval responded by pointing out that a famine in the Russian Volga region was met with government assistance, whereas the North Caucasus—an area with a substantial Ukrainian population—was targeted with many of the same special measures used in Ukraine. Stalin’s plan for Ukraine as a “model Soviet Republic” envisioned the destruction of Ukrainian culture and the deaths of all who would cling to that culture. The conference speakers wrestled with the issue of international reaction to the famine. Panelists Eugene Fishel of the U.S. Department of State and independent scholar Leonard Leshuk agreed that there were accurate news accounts of the famine. However, these were largely drowned out by positive media coverage of the Soviet Union by journalists seeking to curry favor with the Soviet government—such as Walter Duranty of the New York Times. Fishel noted that the U.S. government, like other governments, viewed the famine as a strict- ly internal matter. Moreover, the U.S. government was in negotiations to open diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, and did not wish to lose a potentially important market for U.S. industrial goods. The final panel attempted to put the Ukrainian famine in the broader context of man-made famines throughout history. Frank Chalk of Concordia University, Montreal, Gregory Stanton of Genocide Watch, and David Marcus of Lieff, Cabraser, Heimann and Bernstein, LLP discussed the use of famine as a weapon and Ukraine’s famine in comparison to other famines that have been classified as genocide. They noted the similarity of the Ukrainian famine to famines in China and Cambodia, all of which were used as a means of revolutionary social engineering. The panel concluded that international legislation is needed to criminalize inflicting or creating conditions for famine.

Sciences; Oleksandr Maiboroda, Center for Security Studies, Swiss Science, and Director, Center for Chair, Department of Federal Institute of Technology; Russian and East European Ethnopolitology, Institute of and former Title VIII-Supported Studies, University of Kansas. Political and Ethnonational Short-Term Scholar, Kennan Studies, National Academy of Institute. MONDAY, JANUARY 5, 2004 Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv; Serhiy NOON DISCUSSION Makeev, Chair, Institute of THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18, “Formation of National Identity Sociology, National Academy of 2003 among Ethnic Minorities in Sciences of Ukraine. SEMINAR Ukraine,”Karyna Korostelina, “Ukraine’s Political Landscape and Visiting Research Professor and MONDAY, DECEMBER 15, the 2004 Presidential Fulbright New Century Scholar 2003 Elections,”Rostyslav Pavlenko, Fellow, George Mason University, NOON DISCUSSION Director of Programs, School for and former Regional Exchange Kennan Institute U.S. Alumni Policy Analysis, University of Kyiv- Scholar, Kennan Institute. Series Mohyla Academy; Taras Kuzio, “Are All Politics Local? The Resident Fellow, Centre for MONDAY, JANUARY 12, Decisive Role of the District Races Russian and East European 2004 in the 2003 Duma Ballot,”Robert Studies (CREES), and Adjunct NOON DISCUSSION Orttung, Associate Research Professor, Department of Political “Myths and Mysticism: An Professor, Transnational Crime Science, University of Toronto; Historical Perspective on Islam and Corruption Center, American Paul D’Anieri, Associate and Conflict in the North University; Visiting Scholar, Professor, Department of Political Caucasus,”Michael Reynolds, 37

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS Research Fellow, John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University.

TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 2004 BOOK LAUNCH Kennan Institute U.S. Alumni Series “Converging Worlds: Community and Religion in Peasant Russia,”Chris Chulos, Adjunct Professor of History and Assistant Director of Institutional Advancement, Roosevelt University, and former Title VIII- Supported Research Scholar, Kennan Institute. Blagoveshchensk. Prayer House of the Spiritual Christians (Molokane). (Photo: William Brumfield) MONDAY, JANUARY 26, 2004 Office of the Secretary General, Secretary General, OSCE, Vienna, NOON DISCUSSION OSCE, Vienna, and former and former Regional Exchange “From Juli to Yul: The Brynner Regional Exchange Scholar, Scholar, Kennan Institute; Blair A. Family Saga from Vladivostok to Kennan Institute. Ruble, Director, Kennan Institute; Hollywood,”Rock Brynner, Lilia Shevtsova, Senior Associate, Adjunct Professor, Department of THURSDAY-FRIDAY, Carnegie Moscow Center; Angela History, Marist College. JANUARY 29-30, 2004 Stent, Director, Center for WORKSHOP Eurasian, Russian, and East TUESDAY, JANUARY 27, Integrating Russia into European Studies, Georgetown 2004 Europe University; Elizabeth Teague, SEMINAR Researcher, Ministry of Defense, “Oligarchic Capitalism in Putin’s Pilar Bonet, correspondent, El United Kingdom. Russia: The Khodorkovsky Pais, Moscow; Bojana Blagojevic, Case,”David Hoffman, Foreign Research Assistant, Center for MONDAY, FEBRUARY 2, Editor, Washington Post. Global Change and Governance, 2004 Rutgers University; Joseph NOON DISCUSSION THURSDAY, JANUARY 29, Dresen, Program Associate, “Democracy in Russia: A Virtual 2004 Kennan Institute; Philip Hanson, Reality?” Pilar Bonet, SEMINAR Professor of the Political Economy Correspondent, El Pais, Moscow “Transformation and Integration: of Russia and Eastern Europe, Bureau, and former Title VIII- Russia, Europe, and America after University of Birmingham; Ania Supported Research Scholar, 9/11 and Iraq,”Alexander Motyl, Krok-Paszkowska, Research Kennan Institute. Associate Professor of Political Fellow, Robert Schuman Centre, Science, and Deputy Director, European University Institute, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2004 Center for Global Change and Florence; Stephan Kux, Senior SEMINAR Governance, Rutgers University; Lecturer or Political Science, “The Need for Urgency in Russia’s Blair A. Ruble, Director, Kennan University of Zurich; Jerzy Fight Against AIDS,” Judyth Institute; Lilia Shevtsova, Senior Mackow, Chair of Comparative Twigg, Associate Professor, Associate, Carnegie Moscow Politics, University of Regensburg; Department of Political Science Center; Pilar Bonet, correspon- Alexandr Motyl, Associate and Public Administration, Virginia dent, El Pais, Moscow; Philip Professor of Political Science, and Commonwealth University, and Hanson, Professor of the Political Deputy Director, Center for former Title VIII-Supported Short- Economy of Russia and Eastern Global Change and Governance, Term Scholar, Kennan Institute; Europe, University of Birmingham; Rutgers University; Oleksandr Murray Feshbach, Senior Scholar, Oleksandr Pavliuk, Senior Pavliuk, Senior External Co-oper- Woodrow Wilson Center. 38 External Co-operation Officer, ation Officer, Office of the

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER MONDAY, FEBRUARY 9, and the Problems of Atomic MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2004 Weapons,” Victor Malkov, 2004 NOON DISCUSSION Professor of History, Institute of CONFERENCE Kennan Institute U.S. Alumni World History, Russian Academy Cosponsored with the Series of Sciences; “George F. Kennan as Comparative Urban Studies “Cheliabinsk Oblast’: Russia’s a Political Thinker,” Nikolai Project and Environmental Eurasian Anchor—From the Bolkhovitinov, Academician and Change and Security Project, Southern Urals to Kazakhstan,” Director, Center for North Woodrow Wilson Center William Brumfield, Professor, American Research, Institute of Health Crisis: HIV/AIDS in Department of Germanic and World History, Russian Academy Developing World Cities Slavic Studies, Tulane University, of Sciences, and former Guest and former Title VIII-Supported Scholar, Woodrow Wilson Center; Introductory Remarks Research Scholar, Kennan “George F. Kennan and the Fate Joseph Tulchin, Co-director, Institute. of the Soviet System,” Vladimir Comparative Urban Studies Pechatnov, Chair, European and Project, and Director, Latin THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 12, American History and Politics, America Program, Woodrow 2004 Moscow State Institute for Wilson Center. SEMINAR International Relations, and for- “Year of Decision: The Fate of mer Fellow, Woodrow Wilson “Global Resources: HIV/AIDS Ukraine’s Quadruple Center. in Urban Areas” Transition,”Antonina Kolodii, Chair: Marcos Cueto, Fellow, Senior Research Fellow, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 17, Woodrow Wilson Center. Department of Contemporary 2004 Speakers: Alexandria Panehal, Ethnology, Ukraine National SEMINAR Director, Office of Urban Academy of Science, and “Russian Anti-Semitism and the Programs, USAID; Arachu Castro, Fulbright-Kennan Institute Scape-goating of Jews: The Dog Director, Institute for Health and Research Scholar, Kennan that Didn’t Bark?” James Gibson, Social Justice, Partners in Health; Institute. Sidney W. Souers Professor of Ronald MacInnis, Technical Government, Department of Advisor, USAID; Nina Schuler, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 16, Political Science, Washington Urban Poverty Specialist, Urban 2004 University, St. Louis; Marc Morjé Development Unit, World Bank. SEMINAR Howard, Assistant Professor, Moscow Department of Government, “National Level and Cosponsored by the Kennan Georgetown University. Community-based Moscow Project, the Kennan Approaches to HIV Institute/Woodrow Wilson Center THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 19, Prevention” Alumni Association, and the 2004 Chair: Ellen Brennan-Galvin, American Center, Moscow BOOK LAUNCH Lecturer and Senior Research “George Frost Kennan at 100” “Modernization from the Other Scholar, Environment School, Yale Chair: Iurii Baturyn, Cosmonaut, Shore: American Intellectuals and University. former National Security Advisory the Romance of Russian Speakers: Paulo Lyra, HIV/AIDS to the President of the Russian Development,”David Engerman, Communications Advisor, World Federation, and former Research Assistant Professor, Department of Health Organization; Sue Simon, Scholar, Kennan Institute. History, Brandeis University, and Associate Director, International Introductory Remarks: Vladimir former Title VIII-Supported Short- Harm Reduction Development Lukin, President, East-West Term Scholar, Kennan Institute. Program, Open Society Institute; Bridges Foundation, and former Lane Porter, Advisor, Ambassador of the Russian MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, International Health Law and Federation to the United States. 2004 Human Rights, The Futures Group NOON DISCUSSION International/POLICY Project. “George F. Kennan’s ‘Long “New Rich, New Poor: Wealth and Telegram,’” Anatolii Utkin, Morality in Ukraine,”Catherine TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 24, Director, Center for International Wanner, Assistant Professor, 2004 Research, Institute of USA and Department of History, BOOK LAUNCH Canada Studies, Russian Academy Pennsylvania State University. Cosponsored by the Cold War of Sciences; “George F. Kennan International History Project, Asia 39

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS Program, and Middle East Project, Academy of Sciences, Moscow; International Studies, Washington, Woodrow Wilson Center “Plastic Image of Idzhtikhad,” D.C. “Ghost Wars: The Secret History Sharif Shukurov, Head, of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Department of Comparative THURSDAY, MARCH 18, Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to Cultural Studies, Institute of 2004 September 10, 2001,” Steve Coll, Oriental Studies, Russian SEMINAR Managing Editor, Washington Academy of Sciences, Moscow; Cosponsored with the Conflict Post; Milt Beardon, former “Prospects of Contemporary Prevention Project, Woodrow Agent, Central Intelligence Islamic Thought in Russia,” Wilson Center Agency; George Cave, former Leonid Siukiainen, Professor and “The Conflict-Development Agent, Central Intelligence Leading Researcher, Institute of Nexus: Exploring the Role of Agency. State and Law, Russian Academy Foreign Assistance in Promoting of Sciences, Moscow; “Specifics Peace in the Caucasus,” Rob FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2004 of Islam in the Volga Region,” O’Donovan, Regional Director, CONFERENCE Rafael Khakimov, State Advisor South Caucasus Cooperation Moscow to the President of the Republic of Program, Eurasia Foundation; Cosponsored by the Institute of Tatarstan, and Director, Institute of Charles Fairbanks, Director, Oriental Studies, Russian History of Tatarstan, Kazan’; Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Academy of Sciences, Mosocw “Islam in Russia,” Sergei School of Advanced International Reformism in Russian Islam: Gardirovskii, Chief Advisor to the Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Past and Present Plenipotentiary Representative of Nancy Lubin, President, JNA the President of the Russian Associates; Zeyno Baran, Introductory Remarks Federation, Volga Federal Distirct, Director, International Security Anatolii Egorin, Deputy Director, Nizhny Novgorod. and Energy Program, Nixon Institute of Oriental Studies, Center. Russian Academy of Sciences, Closing Remarks Moscow. Vladimir Alpatov, Deputy MONDAY, MARCH 22, 2004 Director, Institute of Oriental NOON DISCUSSION “Reformism in Russian Islam: Studies, Russian Academy of “Power and Urban Design: Historical Aspects” Sciences, Moscow. Moscow Governance in the “Islamic Reformism: Old and New 1990s,” Yuri Bocharov, Fulbright Interpretations (from Mukhammad MONDAY, MARCH 1, 2004 Scholar, School of Urban and Abdo to Rafael Khakimov),” Farid NOON DISCUSSION Public Affairs, University of Texas, Assadulin, Head, Department of “Ethnic Conflict and Minority Arlington, and Professor of Urban Science and Relations with Public Refugee Flight from Post-Soviet Studies, Institute of Urban Services, Moscow Mufti Office; Ukraine,”Jeffrey Burds, Associate Construction, Moscow. “Ali Kayaev—Muslim Educator Professor, Department of History, and Reformer of Dagestan,” Northeastern University, Boston. TUESDAY, MARCH 23, 2004 Mikhail Roshchin, Senior FILM SCREENING Researcher, Institute of Oriental MONDAY MARCH 8, 2004 Cosponsored by the Studies, Russian Academy of NOON DISCUSSION Environmental Film Festival and Sciences, Moscow; “The Muslim “Russia and Caucasus: The Role the Environmental Change and Movement at the Beginning of for Historical and Cultural Security Project, Woodrow Wilson the 20th Century (Based on Discussion in Easing Conflict,” Center Materials of the Ministry of Yakov Gordin, Chief Editor, “Power Trip” An award-winning Internal Affairs of the Russian Zvezda (St. Petersburg), and documentary about an American Empire),” Dmitrii Arapov, Dean, Regional Fellow, Davis Center, company’s struggle to manage Department of History, Moscow Harvard University. post-Soviet Georgia’s privatized State University. electricity utility, Paul Devlin, MONDAY, MARCH 15, 2004 Director and Producer, “Power “Reformism in Russian Islam: NOON DISCUSSION Trip.” Prospects” “Priorities in U.S. Policy Following “Muslim Enlightenment at Russian the Russian Presidential THURSDAY, MARCH 25, Internet Sites,” Lyubov’ Goriaeva, Elections,” Celeste Wallander, 2004 Senior Researcher, Institute of Director, Russia and Eurasia SEMINAR 40 Oriental Studies, Russian Program, Center for Strategic and “Reflections on Orthodoxy and

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER the Construction of Civil Society Honorary Co-Chairs: The Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin, and Democracy in Russia,” James Honorable Madeleine Albright; The Vice-chairman, Department of Billington, Librarian of Congress, Honorable James A. Baker III; The External Church Relations, and former Director, Woodrow Honorable Warren Christopher; Moscow Patriarchate of the Wilson Center. The Honorable Jim Collins; The Russian Orthodox Church, Russia; Honorable Lawrence S. Wallace Daniel, Dean, College of THURSDAY, MARCH 25, Eagleburger; The Honorable Arts and Sciences, Baylor 2004 Alexander M. Haig, Jr.; The University; Brigit Farley, KENNAN INSTITUTE ANNUAL Honorable Arthur Hartman; The Associate Professor of History, DINNER Honorable Henry A. Kissinger; The Washington State University, Tri- National Press Club Honorable Jack F. Matlock, Jr.; The Cities; Perry Glazner, Assistant Honorable Robert S. Strauss; The Professor, School of Education, Welcome Honorable George P. Shultz; The Baylor University; Nikolas The Honorable Thomas R. Honorable Malcolm Toon; The Gvosdev, Executive Editor, The Pickering, Senior Vice President Honorable Yuri V. Ushakov. National Interest; Senior Fellow, for International Relations, Boeing Institute for Strategic Studies, The Company. Dinner Chairman: The Honorable Nixon Center; and Senior Fellow, Thomas R. Pickering Institute for Religion and Public Introduction of Lee H. Policy; Kimmo Kääriäinen, Hamilton Dinner Co-Charis: Len Blavatnik; Research Institute of the Evangelic James C. Langdon, Partner, Akin, James C. Langdon, Jr. Lutheran Church of Finland; Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, LLP. Vyacheslav Karpov, Professor of Benefactors: Access Industries, Sociology, Western Michigan Introduction of Colin L. Powell Inc.; Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & University; Ann Kleimola, Lee H. Hamilton, President and Feld; The Boeing Company; BP; Professor of History, University of Director, Woodrow Wilson Center. Lukoil; The Sputnik Group; Nebraska, Lincoln; Gregory VimpelCom Kliucharev, Academic Secretary, Keynote Address: Three Institute of Complex Sociological Principles of Diplomacy Patrons: Alfa-Bank; Chevron Research, Russian Academy of The Honorable Colin L. Powell, Texaco; The Kennan Family; The Science, Moscow; Zoe Knox, Secretary of State. Scowcroft Group Research Associate, School of Languages, Cultures and George F. Kennan Tribute and Sponsors: A La Vieille Russie; Linguistics, Monash University, Video Baker & Botts LLP; ExxonMobil; Australia; Christopher Marsh, Blair A. Ruble, Director, Kennan Moncrief Oil International Director of Asian Studies and Institute; Christopher Kennan, Professor of Political Science, Director, LuxeFragrances, LLP; THURSDAY-FRIDAY, MARCH Baylor University; Inna Naletova, Grace Kennan Warnecke, con- 25-26, 2004 Ph.D. candidate, Boston sultant, New York. WORKSHOP University; Irina Papkov, Ph.D. Cosponsored by the Institute on candidate, Department of Introduction of Yuri V. Religion and World Affairs, Boston Government, Georgetown Ushakov University and the College of Arts University; Margaret Paxson, Len Blavatnik, Chairman, Access and Science, Baylor University Senior Associate, Kennan Industries, Inc. Orthodoxy and the Institute; Elizabeth Prodromou, Construction of Civil Society Associate Director, Institute on Closing and Democracy in Russia Religion and World Affairs, His Excellency Yuri V. Ushakov, Beth Admiraal, Professor of Assistant Professor, Department of Ambassador of the Russian Political Science, Lynchburg International Relations, Boston Federation to the United States. College; Peter L. Berger, University; Lawrence Uzzell, University Professor Emeritus; President, International Religious Final Remarks Director, Institute on Religion and Freedom Watch; Philip Walters, The Honorable Thomas R. World Affairs, Professor of Head of Research, Keston Pickering, Senior Vice President Sociology and Theology, Boston Institute, Oxford, England; James for International Relations, Boeing University; James Billington, Warhola, Professor of Political Company Librarian of Congress and former Science, University of Maine; Director, Woodrow Wilson Center; Andrej Zubov, Professor of 41

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS Philosophy, Moscow State Session IV March 27 Institute of International Relations. Discussion Leader: Douglas Blum, Professor, Department of Session I THURSDAY-SUNDAY, MARCH Political Science, Providence Discussion Leader: Paula Garb, 25-28, 2004 College. Associate Director of International SYMPOSIUM “Ethnic Conflict, Secession, and Studies and Associate Adjunct Sheperdstown, WV Political Violence in Tartarstan and Professor, Department of Cosponsored by the International Chechnya: The Role of the Anthropology, University of Research and Exchanges Board, Russian State,” Elizabeth California, Irvine. Washington, D.C. Frombgen, Assistant Professor, “The Criminalization of Conflict in 2004 Caucasus Regional Department of Political Science, Abkhazia and South Ossetia,” Erik Policy Symposium Hastings College. Scott, Program Manager, Transnational Crime and March 25 Session V Corruption Center, American Discussion Leader: Jamsheed Unviersity. Opening Dinner Choksy, Professor, Department Speaker: B. Lynn Pascoe, Deputy of Central Eurasian Studies, Session II Assistant Secretary for European Indiana University, Bloomington. Discussion Leader: Paula Garb, and Eurasia Affairs, U.S. “Small States in the Post-Soviet Associate Director of International Department of State. Caucasus: The Making of Foreign Studies and Associate Adjunct Policy in Armenia and Georgia,” Professor, Department of March 26 Asbed Kotchikian, postdoctoral Anthropology, University of candidate, Department of California, Irvine. Session I Political Science, Boston “Systemic Corruption as an Discussion Leader: Jamsheed University. Intervening Variable in Post-Soviet Choksy, Professor, Department of Political and Economic Transition: Central Eurasian Studies, Indiana Session VI Armenia and Georgia in University, Bloomington. Discussion Leader: Nayereh Comparison,” Christoph Stefes, “Making History: How Shaping Tohidi, Research Associate, Assistant Professor, Department of the Past will Determine the Future Center for Near Eastern Studies, Political Science, University of in the Caucasus and Beyond,” University of California, Los Colorado, Denver. Daniel Moses, Lecturer, Angeles; Associate Professor, Department of Social Studies, Department of Women’s Studies, Session III Harvard University. California State University, Discussion Leader: Nayereh Northridge; and former Title VIII- Tohidi, Research Associate, Center Session II Supported Research Scholar, for Near Eastern Studies, University Discussion Leader: Gerard Kennan Institute. of California, Los Angeles; Libaridian, Visiting Professor, “Long-Term Stability in the Associate Professor, Department of Department of History, University Northwest Caucasus: Prospects Women’s Studies, California State of Michigan, Ann Arbor. and Implications for Regional University, Northridge; and former “Turkey and the Geopolitics of Development,” Walter Comins- Title VIII-Supported Research Baku-Ceyhan: Perspectives and Richmond, Adjunct Assistant Scholar, Kennan Institute. Challenges Encountered in Professor, Department of German “Civil Society in the Caucasus: The Anatolia, the Caucasus, and and Russian, Occidental College. Role of NGOs in the Caucasus,” Beyond,” Kyle Evered, Assistant Armine Ishkanian, Lecturer, Centre Professor, Department of Session VII for Civil Society, London School of Geography and Geology, Illinois Discussion Leader: Gerard Economics. State University. Libaridian, Visiting Professor, Department of History, University Session IV Session III of Michigan, Ann Arbor. “Adaptation Problems of Islam in “Iran: Influence and Impact in the “Levels of Ethnic Separatism in the Contemporary Political Caucasus,” Gerard Libaridian, Georgia,” Julie George, M.A. Realities of the Caucasus Region,” Visiting Professor, Department of candidate, Department of Nariman Gasimoglu, Fulbright History, University of Michigan, Government, University of Texas, Visiting Scholar from the Republic Ann Arbor. Austin. of Azerbaijan, Georgetown 42 University.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Session V Planning, University of Discussion Leader: Douglas Pennsylvania; Idil Izmirli, Ph.D. Blum, Professor, Department of candidate, Institute for Conflict Political Science, Providence Analysis and Resolution, George College. Mason University; Anthony Kolb, “Azerbaijani Youth at the End of Ph.D. candidate in Environmental an Era: Life Without a Net?” Eric Sciences and Engineering, Lepisto, Ph.D. candidate, Univeristy of North Carolina, and Teacher’s College, Columbia Operational Research University. Coordinator, Medecins Sans Frontiers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Session VI Andrei Korobkov, Assistant Discussion Leader: Gerard Professor, Department of Political Libaridian, Visiting Professor, Science, Middle Tenessee State Department of History, University University; Eric Lohr, Assistant of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Professor of History, American “The Caucasus and the Myth of University; Ruth Mandel, the Market Economy,” Matthew Lecturer, Department of Schmidt, Ph.D. candidate, Anthropology, University College Department of Government, London, and former Title VIII- Georgetown University. Supported Short-Term Scholar, Kennan Institute; Margaret Solvychegodsk. Cathedral of the Presentation of SUNDAY-MONDAY, MARCH Paxson, Senior Associate, the Virgin. (Photo: William Brumfield) 28-29, 2004 Kennan Institute; J. Otto Pohl, TITLE VIII RESEARCH Ph.D. candidate, Department of Professor of History and Central WORKSHOP History, School of Oriental and Asian Studies, Indiana University; Immigration, Forced African Studies, University of Paula Garb, Associate Director of Migrants, and Refugees in London; Andrew Robarts, Ph.D. International Studies, Associate Central Eurasia candidate, Department of Adjunct Professor of History, Georgetown University; Anthropology, University of Workshop Organizers Peter Sinnott, Adjunct Assistant California, Irvine; Gerard G. Cynthia Buckley, Associate Professor of International Affairs, Libardian, Professor of History, Professor, Department of Harriman Institute, Columbia University of Michigan, Ann Sociology, University of Texas, University; Erin Trouth, Program Arbor; Nayereh Tohidi, Research Austin; Blair A. Ruble, Director, Assistant, Kennan Institute. Associate, Center for Near Kennan Institute. Eastern Studies, University of MONDAY, MARCH 29, 2004 California, Los Angeles; Participants BOOK LAUNCH Associate Professor, Department Rafis Abazov, Adjunct Lecturer, Kennan Institute U.S. of Women’s Studies, California Harriman Institute, Columbia Alumni Series State University, Northridge; and University; Bruce Adams, “The Big Show in Bololand: The former Title VIII-Supported Professor of History, University of American Relief Expedition to Research Scholar, Kennan Louisville; Alexander Diener, Soviet Russia in the Famine of Institute. Assistant Professor, Center for 1921,”Bertrand Patenaude, International Studies and Research Fellow, Hoover FRIDAY, APRIL 2, 2004 Languages, Pepperdine Institution, and former Title VIII- BOOK LAUNCH University, and Title VIII- Supported Research Scholar, Cosponsored by the Ukrainian Supported Research Scholar, Kennan Institute. Studies Center, Harriman Kennan Institute; Timothy Institute, Columbia University; Heleniak, Project Officer, MONDAY, MARCH 29, 2004 the U.S.-Ukraine Foundation; and UNICEF Innocenti Research POLICY FORUM the Washington Group. Centre, Florence, Italy, and for- U.S. Department of State “Culture, Nation, and Identity: mer Title VIII-Supported Research “Caucasus Regional Policy,” The Ukrainian-Russian Encounter, Scholar, Kennan Institute; Seema Douglas Blum, Professor of 1600-1945,” Frank E. Sysyn, Iyer, Faculty Lecturer, Political Science, Providence Visiting Professor in Ukrainian Department of City and Regional College; Jamsheed Choksy, Studies, Harriman Institute, 43

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS THURSDAY, APRIL 22, 2004 BRIEFING “Advancing Corporate Governance in Russia,” Iurii Gusev, Project Manager, Russian Institute of Directors; Dmitrii Cherkaev, Head of Research, Independent Directors Association.

MONDAY, APRIL 26, 2004 NOON DISCUSSION “From Intelligentsia to Middle Class? Re-Inventing Virtue and Citizenship in Boris Akunin’s Fandorin Mysteries,” Leon Aron, Resident Scholar, American Enterprise Institute, Washington, D.C.

TUESDAY, APRIL 27, 2004 Chita. Timokhovich house, Nagornaia St. #38. (Photo: William Brumfield) PERFORMANCE AND SEMINAR “The Influence of American Jazz Columbia University; Director, Institute of Europe, Russian on Soviet-era Musicians,” Valeri Peter Jacyk Center for Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ponomarev, Trumpet; Nick Historical Research, University of and Galina Starovoitova Fellow on Levinovski, Piano; Oleg Butman, Alberta; and former Title VIII- Human Rights and Conflict Drums; Victor Dvoskin, Bass; Supported Research Scholar, Resolution, Kennan Institute. Victor Prudovski, Piano; Sergei Kennan Institute; Mark von Gurbeloshvilli, Sax. Hagen, Professor, Department of MONDAY, APRIL 12, 2004 History, Harriman Institute, NOON DISCUSSION WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28, Columbia University; and former “Ambivalence to Ambiguity: Why 2004 Short-Term Scholar, Kennan Ukrainians Remain ‘Undecided,’” BOOK LAUNCH Institute. Mykola Riabchuk, Research Cosponsored by the Cold War Associate, University of Kyiv- International History Project, MONDAY, APRIL 5, 2004 Mohyla Academy; John Kolaska Woodrow Wilson Center NOON DISCUSSION Fellow, Canadian Institute of “Confronting Vietnam: Soviet Kennan Institute U.S. Alumni Ukranian Studies, Edmonton; and Policy toward the Indochina Series former Regional Exchange Conflict, 1954-1963” “Containment, Reagan, and the Scholar, Kennan Institute. Ilya Gaiduk, Senior Research Collapse of Fellow, Institute of World History, Communism,”Sheldon Anderson, MONDAY, APRIL 19, 2004 Russian Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor, Department NOON DISCUSSION Moscow, and former Regional of History, Miami University, Cosponsored by the Exchange Scholar, Kennan Oxford, OH, and former Title VIII- Environmental Change and Institute. Supported Short-Term Scholar, Security Project, Woodrow Wilson Kennan Institute. Center MONDAY, MAY 3, 2004 “The Aarhus Convention Test— NOON DISCUSSION TUESDAY, APRIL 6, 2004 Environmentalists and Freedom of Cosponsored with East European SEMINAR Information in Post-Soviet States,” Studies, Woodrow Wilson Center “Religious Freedom as a Tatiana R. Zaharchenko, Visiting “Reflections upon the Political Condition for Revival of Russia in Scholar, Environmental Law Crisis in Lithuania: Its International the 21st Century,” Anatoly Institute, Washington, D.C., and Implications,” Richard Krickus, Krasikov, Director, Center of Title VIII-Supported Research Distinguished Professor Emeritus, 44 Social and Religious Studies, Scholar, Kennan Institute. Department of Political Science

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER and International Affairs, Mary Deputy Director and Title VIII- the U.S.,” Anatolii Adamishin, Washington College, Supported Research Scholar, Senior Research Fellow, Institute Fredericksburg. Kennan Institute. of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, and former MONDAY, MAY 10, 2004 TUESDAY, MAY 25, 2004 Public Policy Scholar, Woodrow NOON DISCUSSION BOOK LAUNCH Wilson Center; “Identity after “Poverty and Wealth in Transition “Post-Soviet Women Confrontation: The Search for an Economies,” Alexei Izyumov, Encountering Other in a Unipolar World,” Denis Associate Professor of Economics Transition,”Kathleen Kuehnast, Dragunskii, Director, National and Director, Center for Emerging Research Associate, Institute of Project Institute, Moscow, and Market Economies, The University European, Russian and Eurasian Editor in Chief, Kosmopolis; “Was of Louisville. Studies, George Washington Anti-Americanism of the Stalin University; former Title VIII- Epoch a Success, and What Are THURSDAY, MAY 13, 2004 Supported Research Scholar, the Prospects of this Phenomenon ALUMNI SEMINAR Kennan Institute; and member, Under Putin, ”Nikolai Kyiv Kennan Institute Advisory Council; Bolkhovitinov, Academician, “The Problems of Integration of Carol Nechemias, Associate Institute of World History, Russian Crimean Repatriates into Professor of Public Policy, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ukrainian Society,”Serhiy Pennsylvania State University. and former Guest Scholar, Rymarenko, Senior Research Woodrow Wilson Center. Fellow, Institute of Political and TUESDAY, JUNE 1, 2004 Ethnonational Studies, National NOON DISCUSSION Film Screening Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kennan Institute U.S. Alumni “Russian America,” directed by Kyiv; Nataliya Belitser, Research Series Evgenii Borzov. Fellow, Pylyp Orlyk Institute for “A Civilized Capitalism? Everyday Democracy, Kyiv. Perspectives on Culture and Section I: “Cultural-Moral Consumption in Post-Soviet St. Foundations of Russian- MONDAY, MAY 17, 2004 Petersburg,” Jennifer Patico, American Relations” NOON DISCUSSION Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow and Chairs: William Smirnov, “Attitudes and Expectations: Visiting Assistant Professor, Professor and Chair, Department Public Opinion in Ukraine 2003,” Department of Anthropology, of Political Science, Institute of Eric Rudenshiold, Director, Haverford College, and former State and Law, Russian Academy Europe & Eurasia, IFES, Title VIII-Supported Short-Term of Sciences, Moscow, and former Washington, D.C.; Nathan Van Scholar, Kennan Institute. Galina Starovoitova Fellow on Dusen, Program Associate, Human Rights and Conflict Europe & Eurasia, IFES, WEDNESDAY-FRIDAY, JUNE Resolution, Kennan Institute; Washington, D.C. 2-4, 2004 Ol’ga Volkogonova, Professor, ALUMNI CONFERENCE Department of Management, THURSDAY, MAY 20, 2004 Golitsyno, Russia Moscow State University, and for- SEMINAR Russian-American Relations in mer Regional Exchange Scholar “Everyone Loves Vladimir Putin,” the Context of Globalization and Short-Term Scholar, Kennan Masha Gessen, journalist, Institute; Liudmila Popkova, Moscow, and Nieman Fellow, Opening Remarks Associate Professor, Department Harvard University. Aleksandr Kubyshkin, Professor, of Foreign History, Samara State Volgograd State University; for- University. MONDAY, MAY 24, 2004 mer Regional Exchange Scholar, Speakers: “Ethnocultural Aspects NOON DISCUSSION Kennan Institute; and Member, of Russian-American Relations,” Kennan Institute U.S. Alumni Russian Alumni Advisory Council, Ol’ga Volkogonova, Professor, Series Kennan Institute; Margaret Department of Management, “Power, Wealth, and Identity in Paxson, Senior Associate, Kennan Moscow State University, and for- Contemporary Russia,” Peter Institute; Anna Poplavko, U.S. mer Regional Exchange Scholar Stavrakis, Professor of Political Embassy Official. and Short-Term Scholar, Kennan Science, National Defense Institute; “Development of University; Associate Professor, Plenary Session Understandings of ‘Democracy’ Department of Political Science, “The War on Terrorism: Factors and Everyday Consciousness of University of Vermont; and former Uniting and Dividing Russia and Russians Today: Consequences for 45

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS Russian-American Relations,” Orthodoxy at Home and in University of North Arizona; “The Artur Demchuk, Associate America: A Dialogue of Moral Role of Science in the Professor, Department of Civilizations,”Anatoly Krasikov, Development of Russian- Philosophy, Moscow State Director, Center for Social and American Relations,” David University; “Changing Religious Studies, Institute of O’Brien, Professor, University of Understandings of Democracy in Europe, Russian Academy of Missouri, Columbia, and Valerii Russian Consciousness as a Factor Sciences, Moscow, and former Patsiorkovskii, Professor, Institute in Russian American Relations,” Galina Starovoitova Fellow on of Socioeconomic Problems of Larisa Nikovskaia, Head Research Human Rights and Conflict Population, Russian Academy of Fellow, Institute of Sociology, Resolution, Kennan Institute; Sciences; “On the Formation of a Russian Academy of Sciences; “Russian-Speaking Diasporas in Moral-Cultural Basis for “The Image of Contemporary the Near Abroad and in the U.S.: Contemporary Russian Society Russia in the Minds of Americans: Psychological Aspects of the and the Use of American Archetypes, Stereotypes, and Transformation of Identity,” Iulii Mediation Experience,” Anna Tendencies,” Aleksandr Stavropol’skii, Assistant Professor, Polukhina, Senior Instructor, Romashov, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Department of Social Sciences Cheliabinsk State Pedagogical Saratov State University, and for- and Technologies, Marii State University; “Egalitarianism and mer Regional Exchange Scholar, Technical University, Ioshkar-Ola; Diversity: The Political Discourse Kennan Institute; “Globalization “The Study and Distribution of of Cultural Interaction in Russia and Synchronized Tendencies of Information on the U.S. System for and the U.S.,” Liudmila Popkova, the Development of Higher Helping People with Disabilities Associate Professor, Department Education in the U.S. and Russia,” among Academic Circles in of Foreign History, Samara State Nikita Pokrovskii, Professor, Novosibirsk,” Ruben Agavelian, University; “Russian and American Higher School of Economics, Chair, Department of Special Political Journalism: The Problem Moscow; “The Battle for the Education and Psychology, of the Relationship between the Soviet School: Comparative Novosibirsk State Institute for Author, the State, and the Experiences of Values Education Continuing Education and Audience: A Play on Different in Russia and the U.S.,” Grigorii Retraining of Education Workers. Rules,” Aleksandr Altunian, Vice- Kliucharev, Professor and Chair, Dean, Department of Journalism, Department of Issues of Section II: “Russian-American International University, Moscow, Uninterrupted Education and Relations through the Lens of and former Regional Exchange Information Technology, Institute History” Scholar, Kennan Institute; “Global of Complex Social Research, Chairs: Denis Dragunskii, Political Science on Glen Page’s Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, National Project ‘Rejection of Murder’ or How Moscow; “A Comparative Analysis Institute, Moscow, and Editor in Issues of Nonviolence Can of Moral-Cultural Goals in Russian Chief, Kosmopolis; Ivan Kurilla, Become the Foundation for and American Models of Associate Professor and Ph.D. Russian-American Scientific Humanities and Creative candidate, Department of Area Cooperation,” Tat’iana Education,” Marina Karaseva, Studies and International Iakushkina, Ph.D. candidate, Professor, P. I. Tchaikovsky State Relations, Volgograd State Department of History of Foreign Conservatory, Moscow; “Russian University, and former Regional Literature, St. Petersburg State and American Personal Values: Exchange Scholar, Kennan University; “Lev Tolstoy in the Similarities and Differences Institute. Dialogue of Two Cultures,” Galina (Example of Students),” Viktor Speakers: “The Steamer Alekseeva, Head of Academic Karandashev, Professor, ‘Kamchatka’: The First Research Department, State Department of General and Experience of U.S.-Russian Memorial Museum of Lev Tolstoy, Pedagogical Psychology, Cooperation,” Ivan Kurilla, and former Regional Exchange Volgagrad State Pedagogical Associate Professor and Ph.D. Scholar, Kennan Institute; University; “Developing Ongoing candidate, Department of Area “Interconnections of Philosophical Dialogue and Cooperation Studies and International and Religious Values in Russia and Between Americans and Russians Relations, Volgograd State the U.S. in Historical-Cultural Through Web-Based Instruction: University, and former Regional Context,” Ol’ga Chistiakova, Problems and Potential,” Sherri Exchange Scholar, Kennan Chair, Department of the McCarthy, Professor, Volgagrad Institute; “An Ethno-philosophi- Humanities, Kuban State State Pedagogical University, St. cal Portrait of an American in the 46 University, Novorossiisk; “Russian Petersburg State University, and Context of Reception in Russian

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Philosophy of the Nineteenth and Academy of Sciences, Moscow, and Directions for Study),” Twentieth Centuries,” Vasilii and former Regional Exchange Natal’ia Reshetova, Ph.D. candi- Vanchugov, Professor, Scholar, Kennan Institute; date, Institute of Russian History, Department of History of “Universities, the Intellectual Russian Academy of Sciences, Philosophy, and Vice-Dean of Community, and the Cold War: Rostov-na-donu, and former School of Humanities and Social Soviet American Parallels in the Short-Term Scholar, Kennan Sciences, Russian State People’s 1940s and 50s,” Aleksandr Institute. Friendship University; Kubyshkin, Chair, Department of “Understandings of Russia in the Area Studies and International Session III: “Geopolitical and U.S. at the Turn of the Twentieth Relations, Volgograd State Economic Aspects of Century: Mechanisms for University; “Soviet-American Contemporary Russian- Forming an Image of the ‘Other’ Chess: The History of American Relations” in the Conditions of Globalizing International Intellectual Chairs: Viktor Supian, Professor International Relations,” Viktoriia Competition,” Boris Lanine, and Deputy Director, Institute of Zhuravleva, Associate Professor, Professor of Philosophy, All- the USA and Canada, Russian Department of General History, Russian State Tax Academy and Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian State Humanities Russian Academy of Education, and former Regional Exchange University; “American Authors’ and former Regional Exchange Scholar, Kennan Institute; Ol’ga Perceptions of Russia in the Late Scholar, Kennan Institute; Butorina, Head of Sector, Center Nineteenth and Early Twentieth “Starving Russia (The Activities of for European Integration, Institute Centuries,” Svetlana Tret’iakova, the Cleveland Committee to Aid of Europe, Russian Academy of Associate Professor, Department the Hungry in Russia in 1892),” Sciences, Moscow. of Psychology and Pedagogy, St. Aleksandr Okun’, Associate Speakers: “War in the Conditions Petersburg State University of Professor, Department of Foreign of Globalization,” Valerii Maritime Technology; “Russian History, Samara State University; Konyshev, Senior Lecturer, St. America and the Development of “From the Early History of Soviet- Petersburg State University; Russian-American Relations: American Relations: American “Inaguration Speechs of U.S. General Research Directions,” Foreign Aid and the Struggle Presidents as a Means of Analysis Aleksandr Petrov, Senior Against Famine, 1921-1922 (on of the International Positioning of Research Fellow, Institute of the Example of the Urals the American Nation,” Ol’ga World History, Russian Academy Region),” Iuliia Khmelevskaia, Butorina, Head of Sector, Center of Sciences, and former Regional Associate Professor, Department for European Integration, Institute Exchange Scholar, Kennan of World History, Cheliabinsk of Europe, Russian Academy of Institute; “State Realism and the State University; “American Sciences, Moscow; “Russian- Cultural-Moral Approach in the Capital in the Russian Oil Industry American Relations: Conditions Views and Actions of American During the Period of the New and Opportunities,” Viktor Diplomats in Moscow, Economic Policy: Lessons from Supian, Professor and Deputy 1934–1938,” Oleg Ken, History for the Present Day,” Director, Institute of the USA and Instructor and Academic Vladimir Kostornichenko, Canada, Russian Academy of Secretary, European University, Lecturer, Institute for Retraining Sciences, Moscow, and former St. Petersburg, and former and Continuing Education of Regional Exchange Scholar, Regional Exchange Scholar, Teachers in the Humanities and Kennan Institute; “American Kennan Institute; “The Social Sciences, Moscow State Investment in Russia: Hopes and Construction of America’s Enemy: University, and former Regional Reality,” Igor’ Alikperov, Self and Other in the Gender Exchange Scholar, Kennan Associate Professor, Department Discourse of Soviet Propaganda Institute; “Assistance in Building of Economic Theory, Urals State During the Cold War (1945- Socialism Came from across the Pedagogical University; 1963),” Oleg Riabov, Professor, Ocean,” Boris Shpotov, Head “Opportunities for the Ivanovo State University; “A Research Fellow, Institute of Development of Inter-Firm Bridge over the Atlantic: The World History, Russian Academy Cooperation in the Conditions of American Journal Kritika and of Sciences, Moscow; “The First Globalization,” Rozaliia Soviet Historical Science During Soviet Famine and the Positive Ibragimova, Associate Professor, the Cold War,” Olga Experience of Russian-American Ivanovo State University; Bol’shakova, Research Fellow, Cooperation before the “Interrelations betweem the Institute for Scientific Information Establishment of Diplomatic Contemporary Economic and in the Social Sciences, Russian Relations (Problems, Approaches, Legal Systems of Russia and the 47

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS U.S. as Relations of Joint Moscow; “A Rating of the Session IV: “Cooperation and Modeling,” Vladimir Lobovikov, Compatibility of Indicators of Conflict in the Post-Soviet Professor and Head Research Change Used to Create Indexes Space” Fellow, Division of Law, Institute of the Development of Human Chairs: Vladimir Iakimets, Head of Philosophy and Law, Ural Potential in Russia, the U.S., and Research Fellow, Institute of Division, Russian Academy of Other States,” Anatolii Maslak, Systems Analysis, Russian Sciences, Ekaterinburg; Vice-Rector for Scientific Academy of Sciences, Moscow, “Renewable Energy in the Research, Slaviansk-na-Kubani former Regional Exchange Conditions of Globalization: State Pedagogical Institute; “The Scholar, Kennan Institute, and Russian and American Investment Arrival of Global Pop-Capitalism Member, Russian Alumni Advisory in the Development of Energy or Lessons in Creative Council, Kennan Institute; Sources,” Igor’ Tiukhov, Deputy Economics? Russian-American Revekka Voulfovich, Professor, Chair, Department of Renewable Relations in the Context of Department of State and Energy Resources and the Cultural Politics,” Dmitrii Galkin, Municipal Management, Electrification of Agriculture, All- Associate Professor, Department Northwestern Academy of State Russian Institute for the of Theory and History of Culture, Service, St. Petersburg; former Electrification of Agriculture, Tomsk State University. Regional Exchange Scholar,

Activities of the Kennan Moscow Project

The 2003-04 program year was marked by several important anniversaries: the 100th birthday of George F. Kennan, the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and the USSR, and the 30th anniversary of the Kennan Institute. The Kennan Moscow Project marked these occasions with two scholarly gatherings. The first of these was a roundtable discussion dedicated to the life and career of George F. Kennan. On February 16—Kennan’s birthday—the Kennan Moscow Project brought together historians Nikolai Bolkhovitinov (a former Guest Scholar at the Wilson Center), Vladimir Pechatnov (a former Wilson Center Fellow), Viktor Mal’kov, and Anatolii Utkin. Also on the panel was well-known international security expert and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Aleksei Arbatov (also a former Guest Scholar at the Wilson Center), who noted that Kennan, more than any other observer, “sensed the unbreakable connection between the external and internal life of Russia,” and therefore his ideas remain relevant to this day. Arbatov called on the West to understand that for Russia, foreign policy has been and remains largely determined by the path of its internal development. “Which states Russia will cooperate with depends on how the country will develop in the economic and political realm,” he noted. Therefore, according to Arbatov, the West should open its economic, political, and military institutions and allow Russia to become fully integrated, but only if Russia meets very strict requirements in its domestic political and economic development. The second event was the ninth annual conference for alumni of Kennan Institute programs. The conference, which was held in June 2004 in a Moscow suburb, was dedicated to “Russian- American Relations in the Conditions of Globalization.” Participants included alumni of Kennan Institute programs, as well as of other academic exchange programs funded by the U.S. Department of State. More than 70 historians, political scientists, economists, legal scholars, and even scholars of literature from all over Russia came together to discuss this important topic. As Margaret Paxson (Kennan Institute) noted during the opening session, “In interna- 48 tional programs like ours, we are more than the sum of our parts…I see daily how the deep and

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Kennan Institute, and Member, (the Experience of the U.S. and University; “Russia and the U.S. in Russian Alumni Advisory Council, Russia),” Natal’ia Vlasova, Central Asia: The Regional Kennan Institute. Professor, Urals State Economic Context of Interstate Relations at Speakers: “American University; “Russian-American the Beginning of the Twenty-First Management and Russian Cooperation in the Context of Centry,” Vladimir Boiko, Director, Management: Problems and Social-Information Technology Laboratory of Russia and the East, Achievements,” Revekka and International Education,” and Associate Professor, Barnaul Voulfovich, Professor, Department Ol’ga Shlykova, Professor, State Pedagogical University; of State and Municipal Department of Virtual “Specifics of National and Civic Management, Northwestern Communications, Moscow State Identification of Russians in Russia Academy of State Service, St. University of Culture and Art; and Kazakhstan,” Ol’ga Petersburg; former Regional “Two Propagandas—An Analysis Iakovleva, Senior Instructor, Exchange Scholar, Kennan of Coverage of the Iraq Conflict of Department of Social Psychology, Institute, and Member, Russian 2003 in the Russian and American Omsk State University; “On the Alumni Advisory Council, Kennan Press,” Svetlana Tikhonova, Development of Civil Society in Institute; “City Administration in Consultant on Public Affairs, Cooperation with the U.S.: the Conditions of Globalization Piatigorsk State Linguistics Directions, Programs,

real connections we have made with each other give life to the biggest questions we ask: ‘who are we?’ and ‘where are we going?’ It is an inspiration to see.” Conference participants discussed the historical and cultural foundations of Russian-American relations, as well as their geopolitical, economic, and security aspects. Special prominence was given to Russian and American approaches to the war on terrorism. In addition to these two events, the Kennan Moscow Project also held several additional events on a variety of topics. One notable event was a one-day conference on “Reformism in Russian Islam: Past and Present” held in February 2004 and cosponsored with the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This conference was intended as a con- tinuation of a similar conference on Islam in Russia held in November 2003 at the Kennan Institute in Washington. According to Rustem Shukurov, an Associate Professor in the Department of History at Moscow State University and a participant in both the Moscow and Washington conferences, the goals of the conference included “identifying not only new tendencies in the reformation of Islam, but also their historical roots and traditions of modernization that are uniquely Russian in character.” Other conference participants included leading Russian scholars on Islam, representatives of leading Islamic organizations, as well as the archi- tects of a concept for modernization in Russian Islam. In October 2003, the Kennan Moscow Project organized a meeting of alumni with director Evgeny Tsymbal, whose most recent film Dziga and His Brothers won Russia’s 16th national Nika Award for Best Documentary. The dramatic fate of the Kaufman brothers—the three great cinematographers who are the subject of the film—formed the basis of Tsymbal’s remarks on the topic of “Self-Identification and the Demands on Artists in the 20th Century.” The life stories of Dziga Vertov and Boris and Mikhail Kaufman, who struggled with self-identification in a difficult transitional period while trying to create innovative art, span the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods in Russia, Europe, and the United States. Although they were ethnically Jewish—forced to survive in different countries, political systems, and social roles, and familiar with both success and injustice—Tsymbal argued that the Kaufman brothers considered themselves first and foremost to be cinematographers and artists not limited by their nationality or by the borders of the countries they worked in. 49

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS Approaches, and Means,” Department of World History, Fellow, Department of History and Vladimir Iakimets, Head Research Yaroslavl’ State Pedagogical Theory of Sociology, Institute of Fellow, Institute of Systems University, and former Regional Sociology, Ukrainian National Analysis, Russian Academy of Exchange Scholar, Kennan Academy of Science, and Sciences, Moscow, former Institute; “Russian and American Fulbright-Kennan Institute Regional Exchange Scholar, Legislation Regulating the War Research Scholar, Kennan Kennan Institute, and Member, on Terrorism and Changes Since Institute. Russian Alumni Advisory Council, September 11, 2001,” Liudmila Kennan Institute; “Grants as a Petrova, lawyer, St. Petersburg MONDAY, JUNE 14, 2004 Form of Russian-American City Collegium of Lawyers; “The NOON DISCUSSION Cooperation in the Post-Soviet War on Terrorism and Human “The Dream of Public Television Space,” Tat’iana Klepikova, Rights: Russia and the U.S. and the Reality of Russian Media,” Associate Professor, Irkutsk State Confront New Threats,” William Mikhail Fedotov, Vice President, Technical University. Smirnov, Professor and Chair, INDEM Foundation, Moscow, and Department of Political Science, Fulbright-Kennan Institute Session V: “The War on Institute of State and Law, Research Scholar, Kennan Terrorism: Russian and Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute. American Approaches” Moscow, and former Galina Chairs: Emil Pain, Director, Starovoitova Fellow on Human TUESDAY, JUNE 15, 2004 Center for the Study of Rights and Conflict Resolution, SEMINAR Xenophobia and Extremism, Kennan Institute; “Terrorism and “Bureaucrats and Russian Institute of Sociology, Russian Human Rights: Russian and Transition: the Politics of Academy of Sciences, and former American Approaches,” Andrei Accommodation,” Yevgenia Galina Starovoitova Fellow on Suslov, Senior Research Fellow, Albats, columnist, The Moscow Human Rights and Conflict Institute of History and Times, and host, Echo Moskvyi. Resolution, Kennan Institute; Archeology, Ural Division of the Sergei Baburkin, Professor, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRIDAY, JUNE 18, 2004 Department of World History, Perm; “Two Views of POLICY FORUM Yaroslavl’ State Pedagogical Transnational Criminal U.S. Department of State University, and former Regional Organizations: Human Trafficking “Eurasian Migration Trends: Exchange Scholar, Kennan and Terorrism (the Experience of Implications of State-Building and Institute. Russian-American Cooperation in Transnationalism in Kazakhstan Speakers: “Global Terrorism: A the Struggle for National and Mongolia,” Alexander New Phenomenon, or the Next Security),” Liudmila Erokhina, Diener, Assistant Professor, Step in the Transformation of Old Lead Researcher, Vladimir Center Center for International Studies Problems?” Emil Pain, Director, for the Study of Crime; and Languages, Pepperdine Center for the Study of “Psychological Factors of University, and Title VIII- Xenophobia and Extremism, Terrorism: American Experience,” Supported Research Scholar, Institute of Sociology, Russian Natal’ia Ivanova, Associate Kennan Institute. Academy of Sciences, and former Professor, Department of Galina Starovoitova Fellow on Psychology, Yaroslavl’ State THURSDAY, JUNE 24, 2004 Human Rights and Conflict Pedagogical University; BRIEFING Resolution, Kennan Institute; “Orphaned Radioactive Sources: “Russia on Trial: Preliminary “Evaluating Modern Terrorism: An Analysis of the Problem in Impressions of the Russian and American Light of the New Threat of Khodorkovsky/Lebedev Case,” Approaches,” Sergei Baburkin, Radioactive Terrorism,” Petr Robert Amsterdam, Founding Professor, Department of World Vaganov, Professor, Department Partner, Amsterdam & Peroff, and History, Yaroslavl’ State of Ecological Geography, St. legal defense counsel for Mikhail Pedagogical University, and for- Petersburg State University. Khodorkovsky; and Sanford mer Regional Exchange Scholar, Saunders, Shareholder, Kennan Institute; “The United MONDAY, JUNE 7, 2004 Greenberg Traurig, LLP. Nations and the International NOON DISCUSSION Diplomacy of Russia and the U.S.: “Civil Society in Ukraine: The FRIDAY JUNE 25, 2004 Principles, Priorities, and the War Missing Argument of Ukraine’s LUNCHEON on Terrorism,” Aleksandr Societal Transformation?” Viktor “The Russian Anti-Racist Agenda: 50 Khodnev, Professor and Chair, Stepanenko, Senior Research How Relevant is U.S.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Experience?” Alexander Osipov, Technology; and former Title VIII- Energy Relations in Northeast Program Coordinator, Human Supported Short-Term Scholar, Asia and Russia” Rights Center “Memorial,” and Kennan Institute; “Environmental Chair: Robert Manning, Senior Galina Starovoitova Fellow on Issues in the Russian Far East,” Counselor, Energy, Technology Human Rights and Conflict Josh Newell, author, The Russian and Science Policy, Office of Resolution, Kennan Institute. Far East: A Reference Guide for Policy Planning, U.S. Department Conservation and Development of State. WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, 2004 “Emerging Russia-China Energy ALUMNI SEMINAR Panel 2: “RFE-Asia Energy Relations: Will Needs Be Met by Kyiv Trade as an Engine of Supplies?” James Dorian, inter- “Prospects for the Structuring of Integration: Not a Done Deal” national energy economist, Political Society in the Context of Chair: Paul Rodzianko, Senior Washington, D.C.; “The Politics of Presidential Elections,” Oleksiy Vice President, Access Industries, Japanese-Russian Energy Haran, Director, School for Policy Inc. Relations,” Joseph Ferguson, Analysis, University of Kyiv-Mohyla “East Siberia—Regional Resource Director of Northeast Asia Academy; Il’ko Kucheriv, Potential,” Shawn McCormick, Studies, National Bureau of Asian Director, Democratic Initiatives Vice President, International Research; “Korea’s Access to Foundation, Kyiv. Affairs, TNK-BP; “Sakhalin’s Oil Russian Energy,” John Fetter, and Gas Projects: Current Status President, FSI Energy. THURSDAY-FRIDAY, JULY 22- and Future Prospects,” Michael 23, 2004 Bradshaw, Professor and Head, Panel 4: “Integration vs. CONFERENCE Department of Geography, Isolation—Northeast Asia’s Cosponsored with the Asia University of Leicester; “Russian Approach to Russia” Program, Woodrow Wilson Center Oil and Gas: The Battle Within Chair: Robert Hathaway, Russia in Asia—Asia in and Without for Control and Director, Asia Program, Woodrow Russia: Energy, Economics, Access,” Marshall Goldman, Wilson Center. and Regional Relations Kathryn W. Davis Professor of “Maneuvering over the Russian Soviet Economics, Wellesley Far East’s Place in Northeast Day 1: The Russian Far East in College, and Associate Director, Asia,” Gilbert Rozman, Musgrave Asia Davis Center for Russian and Professor of Sociology, Princeton Eurasian Studies, Harvard University; “The Russian Far East Introductory Remarks University; “Demographics in the and Transnational Security Eugene Lawson, President, U.S.- Russian Far East,” Nicholas Challenges in Northeast Asia,” Russia Business Council. Eberstadt, Henry Wendt Chair in Elizabeth Wishnick, Research Political Economy, American Associate, Weatherhead East Panel 1: “Conditions and Enterprise Institute. Asian Institute, Columbia Prospects in the Russian Far University; “Nuclear Security East” Concluding Remarks Issues in Northeast Asia,” Daniel Chair: Blair A. Ruble, Director, Jeffrey L. Miller, Senior Vice B. Poneman, Principal, Scowcroft Kennan Institute, Woodrow President and Head of Export Group. Wilson Center. Finance, Export-Import Bank of “Economic Trends in the Russian the United States. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER Far East and Russia’s Economic 15, 2004 Policy towards the Pacific Day 2: Asia and its Russian NOON DISCUSSION Region,” Alexander Fedorovsky, Neighbor Cosponsored by East European Head of Section, Pacific Studies, Studies, Woodrow Wilson Center Institute of World Economy and Introductory Remarks “Economic Reform and Ethnic International Relations, Moscow; Robert Sutter, Visiting Professor, Cooperation in Post-Soviet Latvia “Regional Politics and the Department of Government, and Ukraine,” Stephen Bloom, Competition for Influence,” Georgetown University, and for- Postdoctoral Faculty Fellow, Robert Orttung, Associate mer National Intelligence Officer Department of Political Science, Research Professor, Transnational for East Asia and the Pacific, U.S. University of California, Los Crime and Corruption Center, National Intelligence Council. Angeles, and Research Scholar, American University; Visiting East European Studies, Woodrow Scholar, Center for Security Panel 3: “Customers, Wilson Center. Studies, Swiss Federal Institute of Competitors, and Partners— 51

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS Scholar, Kennan Institute; and Panel II: “State and Political Chair, Ukrainian Alumni Advisory Factors of Ukraine’s National Council, Kennan Institute. Security” Chair: Ivanna Ibrahimova, Panel I: “Social Factors of Doctoral Fellow, National Ukraine’s National Security” Academy of State Government, Chair: Serhiy Feduniak, Associate Office of the President of Ukraine, Professor, Department of Political Kyiv. and Social Sciences, Chernivtsi Speakers: “Inversion Paths of National University Post-Soviet Political Regimes and Speakers: “National Unity and Models of Neo-patrimonial Patriotism as Factors in National Consolidation, “ Oleksandr Fisun, Security, “ Antonina Kolodii, Associate professor, Kharkiv Senior Research Fellow, National University; former Department of Contemporary Regional Exchange Scholar, Kiakhta. Merchants Court and Customs House. Ethnology, Institute of Ethnology, (Photo: William Brumfield) Kennan Institute; and Chair, National Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian Alumni Advisory Ukraine, L’viv, and former Council, Kennan Institute; THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, Fulbright-Kennan Institute “Perversions of National Security 2004 Research Scholar, Kennan in the Context of Ukraine’s ALUMNI SEMINAR Institute; “The ‘Ethnic Factor’ as a Political Transformation,” Maryna Moscow Component of National Security is Shapovalenko, Associate “Yulis: The Brynner Odyssey in Ukraine,” Nataliya Belitser, Professor, Department of Russia and Beyond,” Rock Research Fellow, Pylyp Orlyk Philosophy and Political Science, Brynner, Adjunct Professor, Institute for Democracy, Kyiv; National University of Internal Department of History, Marist “Discource of Extremes: Regional Affairs, Kharkiv; “National College. Reactions to Political Initiatives of Responsibility as an Operational Authorities,” Liudmyla Pavliuk, Dilemma of the International THURSDAY-SUNDAY, Assistant Professor, Department of Community,” Olena Lazorenko, SEPTEMBER 16-19, 2004 Journalism, Lviv National independent researcher, Kyiv, and CONFERENCE University, “Opportunities for the former Regional Exchange Chernihiv Development of Civil Society Lost Scholar, Kennan Institute; “The Ukraine’s National Security Due to Underdevelopment of Right to Personal Security accord- Small and Medium Business in ing to National and International Opening Session Ukraine,” Yuriy Kalyukh, Senior Law,” Myroslava Antonovych, Blair A. Ruble, Director, Kennan Research Fellow, Institute of Doctoral Fellow, Associate Institute; Dolores Highlander, Applied and System Analysis, Professor, University of Kyiv- Deputy Cultural Affairs Officer, National Academy of Sciences of Mohyla Academy; “Comparative U.S. Embassy to Ukraine; Marta Ukraine, Kyiv, and former Regional Analysis of Election Myths in the Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Director, Exchange Scholar, Kennan U.S. and Ukraine,” Olena Fulbright Exchange Program in Institute; “Civil Society in Ukraine: Yatsunska, Associate Professor, Ukraine; Viktor Tkanko, Deputy From the Practice of ‘Influence Department of Social and Political Chair, Chernihiv Regional State Agencies’ to the Policy of Civic Sciences, Mykolayiv Training and Administration; Volodymyr Boiko, Participation,” Viktor Research Center, Odesa National Director, Center for Advanced Stepanenko, Department Chair, University, and former Regional Training of Public Officials, Institute of Sociology, National Exchange Scholar, Kennan Chernihiv; Serhiy Lepiavko, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute; “A Systematic Approach Professor, Chernihiv State Kyiv, and former Fulbright-Kennan to the Analysis of Problems and Pedagogical University, and Chair, Institute Research Scholar, Kennan Decision-making in the Context of Siver Institute of Regional Studies; Institute; “Some Aspects of Ukraine’s National Security,” Yuriy Volodymyr Kovalenko, Chair, Information Security,” Ivanna Shepetukha, Senior Research Department of History, Chernihiv Ibrahimova, Doctoral Fellow, Fellow, International Research and State Pedagogical University; National Academy of State Training Center of Information Oleksandr Fisun, Associate pro- Government, Office of the Technologies and Systems of the fessor, Kharkiv National University; President of Ukraine, Kyiv. National Academy of Sciences 52 former Regional Exchange and Ministry of Education of

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Ukraine, Kyiv, and former Regional Novik, Director, Department for Forces, National Academy of Exchange Scholar, Kennan Nationalities and Migration, Kyiv Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv. Institute. City Administration, and former Short-Term Scholar, Kennan Roundtable Discussion: “The Panel III: “External Factors in Institute. Concept of National Security Ukraine’s National Security” of Ukraine” Chair: Viktor Stepanenko, Panel IV: “Economic Factors Chair: Antonina Kolodii, Senior Department Chair, Institute of of Ukraine’s National Research Fellow, Department of Sociology, National Academy of Security” Contemporary Ethnology, Institute Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, and for- Chair: Myroslava Antonovych, of Ethnology, National Academy of mer Fulbright-Kennan Institute Doctoral Fellow, Associate Sciences of Ukraine, L’viv, and for- Research Scholar, Kennan Professor, University of Kyiv- mer Fulbright-Kennan Institute Institute. Mohyla Academy. Research Scholar, Kennan Institute. Speakers: “Ukraine’s National Speakers: “Ukraine’s National Security in the Context of Security in the Social and TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, Contemporary Processes in Economic Sphere: Regional 2004 Europe and the Post-Soviet Demographic Development,” ALUMNI SEMINAR Space,” Serhiy Feduniak, Iryna Novak, Senior Research Moscow Associate Professor, Department Fellow, Institute of Demography “Immigration Amnesty,” Vladimir of Political and Social Sciences, and Social Studies, National Lukin, Ombudsman for Human Chernivtsi National University; Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Rights of the Russian Federation; “The Great Border of Europe and Kyiv; “State Transfer Policy and Lidiia Grafova, Chair, Executive the Problem of Ukraine’s Self- Overcoming Regional Economic Committee, Forum of Identification,”Serhiy Lepiavko, Disparities,” Serhiy Slukhai, Organizations of Migrants, and Professor, Chernihiv State Associate Professor, Taras former Short-Term Scholar, Pedagogical University, and Shevchenko Kyiv National Kennan Institute. Director, Siver Institute of University; “Creation of an Open Regional Studies; “Ukraine and Investment Climate for the TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, European Union Expansion in the Integration of Ukraine into the 2004 Context of National Security: Market System: Case Studies,” BOOK LAUNCH Problems and Opportunities,” Liubov Bohun, Associate Cosponsored with the Cold War Serhiy Kurbatov, Associate Professor, Odesa Institute of International History Project, Professor, Sumy State University; Business and Law; “Food Security Woodrow Wilson Center “Trade Regime in the EEP: Legal and the System of Criteria and “Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Prospects,” Oleksandr Paramters of its Assessment in Cold War Ended,” Jack F. Vyshniakov, Associate Professor, Ukraine,” Andriy Kovalenko, Matlock, Jr., former U.S. Odesa National Law Academy, Senior Research Fellow, Council of Ambassador to the USSR; Thomas and former Regional Exchange Studies of Ukraine’s Productive S. Blanton, Director, National Scholar, Kennan Institute; Forces, National Academy of Security Archive, George “Ukrainian Labor Migration to the Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv; Washington University. United Kingdom: Characteristics “Preservation of Biological of Current Developments,” Viktor Resources as a Factor of National MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, Pasisnychenko, Associate Security in Ukraine,” Tetiana 2004 Professor, Department of Social Hardashuk, Senior Research NOON DISCUSSION and Political Science, Kharkiv Fellow, Institute of Philosophy, “Eurasia on the Move: The State Pedagogical University, and National Academy of Sciences of Regional Implications of Mass former Regional Exchange Ukraine, Kyiv; “Energy Security in Labor Migration from Central Asia Scholar, Kennan Institute; “The Ukraine,” Oleksandr Zahniy, to Russia,” Fiona Hill, Senior Influence of Migration on Doctoral Fellow, Council of Fellow, Foreign Policy Studies, Economic Security;” Volodymyr Studies of Ukraine’s Productive Brookings Institution.

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | MEETINGS PUBLICATIONS

The Kennan Institute and the Woodrow Wilson Center are philosophically and operationally committed to broad dissemination of the research they sponsor by means of books, Special Reports, Conference Reports, Occasional Papers, Kennan Briefs, and Meeting Reports. In conjunction with the Wilson Center Press, the Kennan Institute publishes both mono- graphs and essay collections. Special Reports are booklets that summarize research findings intended for general dissemination or that document the institutional history of the Institute. Conference Reports are summaries of major conferences, often including a collection of the papers presented at conference sessions. Occasional Papers are reports on completed research projects or works-in-progress. Submitted by resident scholars, visiting speakers, and workshop participants, these papers are normally longer than standard journal articles and are aimed pri- marily at an audience of specialists. An average of two to five Occasional Papers are published each program year. Kennan Briefs are short, policy-relevant reports by workshop participants or resident scholars. Meeting Reports are single-page summaries of those Institute lectures of greatest relevance to the general public and the policy-making community. The Institute publishes two such reports for each month from October through June. Although the composition of annual Kennan Institute publications has varied over the past thirty years, three main components have always comprised the foundation of the Institute’s publishing profile: commercially published books (generally the final product of conferences and workshops organized by the Institute, or based on the research of resident scholars and staff members); Occasional Papers, representing contemporary research on topics of historical and current interest by leading scholars in the field; and Meeting Reports, which document presentations of scholars and specialists at the Institute. With the exception of books, all Institute publications are offered to the public free of charge and are regularly distributed to individuals, university libraries, and companies throughout the United States, Europe, Russia, and other states in the region. Most publications are also available on the Kennan Institute website at www.wilsoncenter.org/kennan. Meeting Reports are the heart of the Institute’s publication program; together with the Institute’s monthly calendar, these reports were received by a readership that exceeded 6,300 in 2004. This readership included scholars and researchers at universities and research institutions worldwide, as well as U.S. government officials, and professionals, such as lawyers and busi- nessmen. By far the most popular publication the Institute produces, Meeting Reports are used widely in college classrooms in the United States and serve to keep scholars and professionals throughout the United States, Europe, Latin America, Asia, Russia, and the successor states to the Soviet Union in touch with current research in the field. 54

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Books

Russia in Search of Itself Post-Soviet Women Encountering Written by James H. Billington Transition: Nation-Building, Copublished by Johns Hopkins Economic Survival, and Civic University Press (2004). Activism Edited by Kathleen Kuehnast and Second Metropolis: Pragmatic Carol Nechemias Pluralism in Gilded Age Chicago, Copublished by Johns Hopkins Silver Age Moscow, and Meiji University Press (2004). Osaka (paperback edition) Written by Blair A. Ruble Russia’s Lost Reformation: Copublished by Johns Hopkins Peasants, Millenialism, and University Press (2004). Radical Sects in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830-1917 Reforming the Tsar’s Army: Written by Sergei I. Zhuk Military Innovation in Imperial Copublished by Johns Hopkins Russia from Peter the Great to the University Press (2004). Revolution Edited by David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye and Bruce W. Menning Copublished by Cambridge University Press (2004). Komsomolsk-na-Amure. Apartment house, Peace Prospect 12. (Photo: William Brumfield) Occasional Papers

#286. Conflict in Kyrgyzstan? Management, Mary M. Matthews #290. Whose House is Moldova? Michele E. Commercio (2004). (2004). Hospitality as a Model for Ethnic Relations, Jennifer R. Cash #287. Political Passivity and #289. Myths and Mysticism: Islam (2004). Russia’s Health Crisis, Debra and Conflict in the North Javeline (2004). Caucasus: A Longitudinal #291. Ukraine’s Energy Policy and Perspective, Michael A. Reynolds U.S. Strategic Interests in Eurasia, #288. Stakeholder Inclusion in (2004). Margarita M. Balmaceda (2004). Caspian Basin Natural Resource

Meeting Reports

Vol. XXI No. 1 2003 on American Performing Arts: of Russian Economics (Emeritus), Suzanne Carbonneau, Professor of Dance.” (5 May 2003). Wellesley College, and Associate Performance and Interdisciplinary Director, Davis Center for Russian Studies in the Arts, George Mason Vol. XXI No. 2 2003 and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University; Camille Hardy, Principal Mark Johnson, Professor of University. Researcher, Popular Balanchine History, Colorado College. “The Piratization of Russia: Russian Project, New York, and Senior “Systemic Crises and Prospects for Reform Goes Awry.” (1 May 2003). Critic, Dance Magazine; Suzanne Reform in Central Asia.” (2 June Farrell, Suzanne Farrell Ballet 2003). Vol. XXI No. 4 2003 Company, The John F. Kennedy Peter Sinnott, Adjunct Assistant Center for the Performing Arts. Vol. XXI No. 3 2003 Professor of International Affairs, “Culture/Kultura: Russian Influences Marshall Goldman, Davis Professor Harriman Institute, Columbia 55

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | PUBLICATIONS Dialogue Programs on Russia and the Surrounding States

Dialogue is an award-winning weekly radio program produced at the Woodrow Wilson Center that explores the world of ideas through weekly, half-hour conversations with renowned public figures, scholars, journalists, and authors. For the last 15 years, Dialogue has offered its listen- ers informed discussion on important ideas and issues in national and international affairs, history, and culture—providing commentary that goes beyond the superficial analysis presented in many of today’s talk shows. As of spring 2002, in collaboration with Northern Virginia Public Television and MHz NET- WORKS, Dialogue is now a television series. The series aims to provide foreign perspectives on world affairs—with presidents, ambassadors, cabinet ministers and scholars as guests. For program information, please send e-mail to: [email protected], or call (202) 691-4070. The following programs concerning Russia, the former USSR, and related topics were broad- cast by Dialogue during the 2003-04 program year:

Radio: #696 “Russia in Search of Itself” Guest: James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress, and former Director, Woodrow Wilson Center. #709 “Politics, Diplomacy and the Russian Environment” Guest: Tatiana R. Zaharchenko, Visiting Scholar, Environmental Law Institute, Washington, D.C., and former Title VIII-Supported Research Scholar, Kennan Institute.

Television: #311 “The Cold War: A New View” Guests: Christian Ostermann, Director, Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson Center; Svetlana Savranskaya, Research Fellow, National Security Archive; Hope Harrison, Assistant Professor of History, George Washington University, and former Title VIII- Supported Research Scholar, Kennan Institute. #403 Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, Part I Guest: William Taubman, author of Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, and former Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center. #404 Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, Part II Guest: William Taubman, author of Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, and former Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Center. #504 “Russia in Search of Itself” Guest: James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress, and former Director, Woodrow Wilson Center.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER University; Mehrdad Haghayeghi, University; Naum Kleiman, Scholar, Kennan Institute. Associate Professor of Political Director, Moscow Cinema Museum. “Modernization from the Other Science, Southwest Missouri State “Culture/Kultura: Russian Influences Shore: American Intellectuals and University; Nikolai Zlobin, Director on American Performing Arts: the Romance of Russian of Russian and Asian Programs, Film.” (5 December 2003). Development.” (19 February 2004). Center for Defense Information. “Security Dilemmas in Central Asia: Vol. XXI No. 11 2004 Vol. XXI No. 15 2004 Competition for Influence.” (23 Taras Kuzio, Resident Fellow, James Billington, Librarian of September 2003). Centre for Russian and East Congress, and former Director, European Studies, Adjunct Woodrow Wilson Center. Vol. XXI No. 5-6 2003 Professor, Department of Political “Reflections on Orthodoxy and the “The Integration of Russia into the Science, University of Toronto; Construction of Civil Society and International Academic Rostyslav Pavlenko, Director of Democracy in Russia.” (25 March Community: Perspectives From Programs, School for Policy 2004). Russian Education and Analysis, University of Kyiv-Mohyla Scholarship.” (30 September – 1 Academy; Paul D’Anieri, Associate Vol. XXI No. 16 2004 October 2003). Professor, Department of Political Colin Powell, United States Science, Director, Center for Secretary of State. Vol. XXI No. 7 2004 Russian and East European Studies, “Three Principles of Diplomacy.” “The Ukrainian Man-Made Famine University of Kansas. (25 March 2004). of 1932-1933.” (13 November “Ukraine’s Political Landscape and 2003). the 2004 Presidential Elections.” Vol. XXI No. 17 2004 (18 December 2003). Anatoly Krasikov, Director, Center Vol. XXI No. 8 2004 of Social and Religious Studies, “Islam in Russia: History, Politics Vol. XXI No. 12 2004 Institute of Europe, Russian and Culture.” (5 November 2003). David Hoffman, Foreign Editor, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Washington Post. and Galina Starovoitova Fellow on Vol. XXI No. 9 2004 “Oligarchic Capitalism in Putin’s Human Rights and Conflict Leslie Jacobson, Professor and Russia: The Khodorkovsky Case.” Resolution, Kennan Institute. Chair, Department of Theater, The (27 January 2004). “Religious Freedom as a Condition George Washington University; for Russia’s Revival in the 21st Andrei Malaev-Babel, Producing Vol. XXI No. 13 2004 Century.” (6 April 2004). Artistic Director, Stanislavsky Pilar Bonet, Correspondent, El Theater Studio; Sarah Kane, Pais, Moscow Bureau, and former Vol. XXI No. 18 2004 Artistic Associate, Stanislavsky Research Scholar, Kennan Institute. Tatiana R. Zaharchenko, Visiting Theater Studio. “Democracy in Russia: A Virtual Scholar, Environmental Law “Culture/Kultura: Russian Influences Reality?” (2 February 2004). Institute, Washington, D.C., and on American Performing Arts: Title VIII-Supported Research Theater.” (10 October 2003). Vol. XXI No. 14 2004 Scholar, Kennan Institute. David Engerman, Assistant “The Aarhus Convention Test: Vol. XXI No. 10 2004 Professor, Department of History, Environmentalists and Freedom of Annette Michelson, Professor of Brandeis University, and former Information in Post-Soviet States.” Cinema Studies, New York Title VIII-Supported Short-Term (19 April 2004).

Special Reports

Olena Braichevska; Halyna Culture/Kultura: Russian Volosiuk, Olena Malynovska, Influences on American Yaroslav Pylynskyi, Nancy Performing Arts and Sports. Popson, Blair A. Ruble. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Nontraditional Immigrants in Kyiv. Wilson International Center for Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Scholars, 2004. Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2004. 57

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | PUBLICATIONS Kennan Moscow Project Publications

Rossiia i Evropeyskiy Soiuz [Russia Vestnik Instituta Kennana v Rossii Vestnik Instituta Kennana v Rossii and the European Union]. [Herald of the Kennan Institute in [Herald of the Kennan Institute in Moscow, 2004. Russia], Volume 4, Fall 2003. Russia], Volume 5, Spring 2004.

Kennan Kyiv Project Publications

Ukraina—Problema identychnosti: Problemy integratsiyi kryms’kykh Natsional’na bezpeka Ukrayiny liudyna, ekonomika, suspil’stvo repartiantiv v ukrayins’ke suspil’st- [National Security of Ukraine]. [Ukraine—The Problem of vo [The Problems of Integration of Kennan Kyiv Project, 2004. Identity: Population, Economics, Crimean Repatriates into and Society]. Kyiv: Kennan Kyiv Ukrainian Society]. Kyiv: 2004. Project and Stylos, 2003 . Perspektyvy politychnoyi struktu- “Netradytsiini” immihranty u Kyivi ryzatsiyi suspil’stva v umovakh pid- [“Nontraditional” Immigrants in gotovky i provedennya vyboriv Kyiv]. Kyiv: Kennan Kyiv Project Presydenta Ukrayiny [Prospects for and Stylos, 2003. the Political Structuring of Society in the Context of Presidential Elections]. Kyiv: 2004.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER FUNDING

The Kennan Institute receives funding from both public and private sources. During the 2003-04 program year, a grant from Carnegie Corporation of New York provided 50 percent of the Kennan Institute’s total operating budget; the Woodrow Wilson Center’s annual federal appropriation provided 27 percent; the Program for Research and Training on Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (Title VIII) of the U.S. Department of State, 8 percent; the George F. Kennan Fund, 9 percent; other U.S. Government sources, including the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the Department of State and the U.S. Embassies in Moscow and Kyiv, 3 percent. The remainder of the Institute’s income was derived from private donations, including 2 percent through the Kennan Council.

Principal Donors of Program Funds, 2003-04

Carnegie Corporation of U.S. Department of State George F. Kennan Fund U.S. Embassy to the New York through the Program for Russian Federation Bureau of Educational Research and Training on Woodrow Wilson and Cultural Affairs of U.S. Embassy to Ukraine Eastern Europe and the International Center for the U.S. Department of Independent States of Scholars Federal State the Former Soviet Union Appropriation (Title VIII)

Co-Sponsors of Programs and Events, 2003-04

American Center, East European Studies, Institute on Religion and National Council for Moscow Woodrow Wilson Center World Affairs, Boston Eurasian and East University European Research Asia Program, Woodrow Embassy of Ukraine to Wilson Center the United States International Research Ukrainian Congress and Exchanges Board Committee of America Cold War International Environmental Change History Project, Woodrow and Security Project, ISE Center (Information. Ukrainian Studies Wilson Center Woodrow Wilson Center Scholarship. Education.), Center, Harriman Moscow Institute, Columbia College of Arts and Environmental Film University Science, Baylor University Festival Kennan Institute/Woodrow University of Paris-X, Comparative Urban Institute of Oriental Wilson Center Alumni Naterre Studies Project, Studies, Russian Association, Moscow Woodrow Wilson Center Academy of Sciences, U.S.-Ukraine Foundation Moscow Middle East Project, Conflict Prevention The Washington Group Woodrow Wilson Center Project, Woodrow Wilson Center 59

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | FUNDING Contributors to the Kennan Institute Endowment from 1984 Through September 2004

A La Vieille Russie David Baker The Boeing Company Jonathan Chanis Daniel Abele Kathleen and Martin BoKom, Ltd., Schuyler Chapin Baker Interconsulting Access Industries Chevron Elizabeth Ballantine Christina Bolton Eleanor Adams ChevronTexaco Odun Balogun Simon and Mariada Joseph Ajlouny Marianna Tax Choldin Bourgin Harley Balzer and Akin Gump Strauss Barbara Ann Chotiner Marjorie Mandelstam Nani Boyce Hauer & Feld LLP Balzer Peter Christoff Alexander Boyle Madeleine Albright Glenn Barlow Susan Clark BP Alfa Bank William Barlow Elizabeth Clayton Jeanine Braithwaite Helen Allen Samuel and Virginia Pat Cloherty Randy Bregman Lyndon K. Allin Baron Edith Clowes Barbara Brooks Thad Alton Jay and Donna Bartlett The Coca-Cola Deming Brown and American International David Barton Company Glenora Brown Group, Inc. Mark Bassin Stephen F. Cohen and Ellen Hotchkiss Brown Georgina F. Anderson (in Katrina vanden Heuvel Stephen and Sandra honor of Constance Julie V. Brown Batalden Julia Colton Kennan Bradt) E. Wayles Browne Leonid Bazilevich Communication Workers Anthony Anemone and William Brumfield of America Vivian K. Pyle Nancy Bedford Robert and Chantal Byron Coney Dwayne O. Andreas F. Dieter Beintrexler Buchanan Rachel Connell Carol Lee Anschuetz Robert L. Belknap Helen Watson Buckner Conoco, Inc. Archer Daniels Midland John Bell Sarah Burke Company ConocoPhilips Ruth Bell Robert F. Byrnes John Armitage Esther Coopersmith Nina Belyaeva Robert Campbell Anthony Arnold Jonathan Coopersmith Marjorie Benton Jeffrey and Sandra Mary Arnold Kevin Covert Nina Berberova Canfield William Arnold Cow Hollow Foundation Stephen Bergen Sarah Carey Harvey and Sandra Robert Croskey Joseph S. Berliner Alice Catherine Carls Asher Piers Cumberlege Harold and Ruth Berman Michael Cassella- Anders Åslund Blackburn Mark D’Anastasio Eric Biddle, Jr. Brooke Astor Jacqueline Cavalier Robert V. Daniels Kelly Biggs Laurence J. Aurbach CEC ArtsLink Joseph J. Darby Thomas E. Bird Carol Avins Chadbourne & Parke Mira Davidovski Sally Blair Martha Awdziewicz LLP Dan Davidson Andrew Blane Donna Bahry Mary Chaffin R.T. and Jean Davies Cole Blasier Baker and Botts LLP Dorothy E. Chamberlain Moshe Decter William Bodie (in honor of Constance Adele Baker 60 Kennan Bradt) Bernard K. Dehmelt

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Kevin Delany George Uri Fischer Edward Goldberg Wayne and Mary Heiser Gladys Krieble Delmas Walter Fischer Goldman Sachs Clarence E. Heller Michael DiGiacomo Ralph T. Fisher, Jr. Val Golovskoy Susan Henderson (in honor of Constance Wesley M. Dixon, Jr. David Fishman Daniel Good Kennan Bradt) Paula Dobriansky Ralph Fletcher, Jr. Seymour Goodman Catherine Henry Norton T. Dodge Michael S. Flier The Gordon Fund Hans and Barbara Walter M. Drzewieniecki Ford Motor Company Gerald and Lillian Heymann Govorchin Robert and Louise Evan and Leman Fotos Robert Himmer and Dudley Katharine Graham Sally Himmer Clifford and Juanita Margaret T. Dunham (in Foust Loren Graham Edyth M. Holbrook honor of Constance Maurice Friedberg Philip L. Graham Larry Holmes Kennan Bradt) Foundation Natalie and Werner Franklyn Holzman James A. Duran, Jr. Friedlander William Green Brian and Eszter Alexander Dzhaparidze Daryl P. Friedman Gertrude Greenslade Horowitz Cyrus Eaton Foundation Fund Raising Financial Charles and Lyubomira Harold K. Hothschild Helaine Efron Management, Inc. Gribble Foundation Elle Eljand J.B. Fuqua Patricia Grimstead Jeanette Kennan Hotchkiss Herbert J. Ellison FYI Resources Jay Haft Huang Hsing Barbara Engel Gregory and Ann Jeffrey Hahn Foundation Gagarin Laura Engelstein Halliburton Robert and Lois Huber Ziva Galili Terrence English Roger and Sally Kendall Hubert Jeffrey Gallagher Hamburg The Eurasia Foundation Blair Hunter Patrice Gancie Walter and Catherine Matthew Evangelista Hanchett ICN Pharmaceuticals Gardiner, Kamya & Donna Evans Associates, P.C Joseph and Ann Icon Solutions, Inc. John Evans Harahan John and Carol Garrard Pavel Ilyin Exxon Corporation Evelyn J. Harden Mark and Elizabeth International Research ExxonMobil Garrison Ruth Harkin and Exchanges Board F.J. Elsner North Douglas and Paulette Mary W. Harriman International Strategic America Ltd. Garthoff Foundation Studies Association Andrew Faber Raymond L. Garthoff Chauncy and Edith International Technology Harris David and Judith Falk Bruce Gelb John N. Irwin III A.A. and Donna Vreneli Farber General Motors Heyward Isham Hartman Roger Felberbaum Philip and Nancy Gillette Betty Jacob Benjamin and Frauke Murray Feshbach Larisa Glad Harvey Dan Jacobs Daniel Field Vyacheslav Glazychev Peter Hauslohner Richard D. Jacobs Julie Finley Abbott and Sarah Louise and Franklin Roman Jakubow Gleason Havlicek First Medical Group, Inc. Robert James Gregory Gleason John Hazard Lloyd Fischel JKW Foundation William Gleason Irwin Heine 61

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | FUNDING The Role of Religion in Post-Soviet Societies

The fall of the Soviet Union revealed a diverse, multi-cultural body emerging from the ruins of the old order. The diversity within this vast territory is reflected in a tapestry of languages, ethnic groups, enduring traditional social and economic organizations, and, perhaps most surprisingly after decades of state atheism, a wide range of religions and religious practices. For generations, the extent to which religious beliefs endured or shifted in the climate of an anti-religious state was impossible to know. It is now clear that the official atheism of the Soviet state did not cause people to summarily drop their beliefs in God, their sacred calendars, or their venerative practices and rituals. Although physical Komsomolsk-na-Amure Cathedral of Kazan Icon of churches, synagogues, and mosques were destroyed in the the Mother of God. seventy years of Soviet rule, the profound belief systems that (Photo: William Brumfield) are at the heart of religious practice continue to live on. Religious affiliations and identities are experiencing a rapid resurgence in the former Soviet Union. In a post-1991 climate of new state formation, local author- itarianism, concerns over the meanings of democracy and the ethics of the new economy, and—in far too many instances—of poverty and war, religion has emerged as an affiliation of growing prominence. An increasing number of people are looking through the framework of religion in order to understand the world around them. Religion touches upon all spheres of social, political, and cultural life, and its resurgence profoundly affects the definition and shaping of broader social movements as well as individual behaviors. In a region in flux, questions of religion also relate to issues of national and international security. At the Kennan Institute, the subject of religion in the post-Soviet context has emerged as a central theme in conferences, presentations, and State Department Policy Forums. On November 5, 2003, the Institute hosted a conference that brought together Russian and U.S. experts to discuss the role of Islamic identity and ideology in Russian society historically and today. Speakers discussed a number of issues, including the potential for integration of Muslims into Russian society, the existence of a distinctly Russian variety of Islam, and the danger of radical political Islam in Russia. In January 2004, an Institute book launch featured former Title VIII- Supported Scholar Chris Chulos' Converging Worlds: Religion and Community in Peasant Russia 1861-1917 (2003); Sergei Zhuk, also a former Title VIII-Supported Research Scholar, published his monograph, Russia’s Lost Reformation: Peasants, Millennialism, and Radical Sects in Southern Russia and Ukraine, 1830-1917 (2004). In addition, Galina Staravoitova Fellow Anatoly Krasikov worked on the theme, “Religious Freedom as a Condition for Revival of Russia in the 21st Century” while in residence at the Institute, and presented his work in an April 2004 Noon Discussion. In March 2004 the Kennan Institute hosted a workshop on “Orthodoxy and the Construction of Civil Society and Democracy in Russia,” which was organized by Christopher Marsh of Baylor University and Elizabeth Prodromou of Boston University. The workshop brought together scholars and political and ecclesiastical leaders from Russia and the West to foster an informed debate and promote rigorous examination of the role of religion and civil society in 62 contemporary Russia. It featured a keynote address by Librarian of Congress James Billington.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Anne H. Johnson Amy and Malcolm Rose London Richard and Sharon Knight Miles Brad Johnson S.A. Louis-Dreyfus Stanley Kober Corporation James and Gera Millar Robert Wood Johnson 1962 Charitable Trust Roger and Diane David Lowe Jeffrey Miller Koenker Rosemary Johnson Edward Lozansky Robin Miller George Kolt Jordan Industries Linda Lubrano William Green Miller Korben International Pamela Jordan Lukoil Richard Mills Industrial and Fincancial Peter Juviler Corporation Paul and Mary Lydolph Tatiana Milovidova Daniel Kaiser Igor and Vera Kosin Robert and Ann Milstein Family MacMaster Foundation, Inc. Jan Kalicki Krassimir Kostov Michael Makwenko Kenneth Mitchell Roger and Joan Kanet Mikhail Kouriatchev Maria Mackay Beth Mitchneck Kansans for Kassebaum Igor Koval Silvana Malle Sidney Monan Allen H. Kassof A.W. and Judith Kremer Plato Malozemoff Moncreif Oil Mark Katz Ruth and Jerry Kreuzer International James I. Mandell Firuz Kazemzadeh Robert Krieble Kenneth F. Montgomery David Manel William Keasbey Ladis and Jane Kristof Kathryn Moore James and Becky Donald M. Kendall Anya Kroth Marcum Thomas Morelli Annelise Kennan Olena Iwanna Kucyk Murrey and Frances Victor Mote Christopher Kennan Michael and Martha Marder The Mumford Family Lahana George F. Kennan Anne C. Martindell Trust Mrs. Gerard B. Lambert Joan Kennan Jack F. Matlock, Jr. Jay and Joyce Mumford Ronald Landa The Kennan Family Daniel C. Matuszewski Murphy Oil Company Markel and Diana Kent Kennan Sergey Matveev Matthew Murray Larkins Nancy Kennan James E. McCobb National Committee on Edward and Holly Larsen American Foreign Policy Karen Kennedy John McVickar Eugene Lawson Carol Nechemias Thomas and Susan Edgar and Emily Mead Gary Lazor Kenneley Leroy P. Nesbit Edward Melanson William Lee Vance and Betty Kepley Leilani Newton Abraham Melezin Ilya Levin Stephen Kerr New York Community Andrew W. Mellon Michel Levine Trust Veselin and Lydia Kesich Foundation Moshe Lewin Barbara Norton Anatoly and Irina Rajan Menon Khazanov Ronald Liebowitz Occidental Petroleum The Mercator Mr. and Mrs. Robert Franklin Lindsay Corporation Robert P. Odell, Jr. Kleckner, Jr. Susan Linz Michael and Michelle William E. Odom George and Virginia Merrese Maury Lisann Charles Ofner Kline Martha Merritt George Lister Mr. and Mrs. George D. Jill and Edward Kline Thomas Metts O’Neill Lockheed Martin Eliza K. Klose Henry Michael Abby and George J. Murray Logan Kheryn Klubnikin O’Neill Trust MIC Industries, Inc. 63

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | FUNDING Peter Pettibone Yale Richmond The Scowcroft Group The Philanthropic Alfred Rieber Erik Severeid Collaborative T.H. Rigby R.K. and Barbara Severin Elizabeth Pickering Jerome Rinkus Robert Sharlet Pilot Foundation Steven Robinson Evgeny Shchemelev Raymond Platig David Rockefeller John and Judith Eugene Pohren Sheehan Rockefeller Brothers William Pomeranz Fund Sinclair Sheers Philip Pomper and Alice Richard and Jean Rodes Louise Shelley E. Pomper Robert and Lucy Rodes Leslie and Michael Cathy Popkin Sherman Susan and Saul Robert Post Roenstreich Nobuo and Reiko Shimotamai Angelika and Justin Hans and Claire Rogger Powell Vladimir Shlapentokh Susan and Elihu Rose Walter Pozen Foundation Marshall D. and Collette Shulman John R. and Svetlana Samuel Rosenthal Price Raja Sidawi William M. Roth Marin Pundeff and Janet Frank R. Silbajoris William Rougle Ziegler John Simmons Gilbert and Marsha Quigley and Associates Kazan. Zakabannaia (Jubilee) Mosque. Rozman Darrell and Diane Slider (Photo: William Brumfield Samuel Rachlin Christine Ruane Gordon Smith Hugh Ragsdale Blair A. Ruble Polina Smith Marlene Onulak Karen and Donald Dietrich and Marilyn Theodore Smith Samuel and Alyne Raliegh Rueschemeyer Oppenheim Elena Sokol Robert Rand Russia House Associates Ludmilla Orelup Solomon Smith Barney C.W. Randell Andrea Rutherford Alexander Papamarkou Adam Sondey Clyde E. Rankin Maureen Ryan Boris Paretzkin John and Sheila Sontag Gilbert Rappaport Takeshi Sakon Parker Drilling Company Sovlink Rudolph Rasin Richard Salomon Kathleen Parthé Valery N. Soyfer Anne Rassweiler Marideth Sandler Chat Paterson Joshua and Ellen Spero Philip and Marian Raup James Scanlan Katherine Paxton The Sputnik Group Peter Reddaway Michael Schammel Paul and Ellen Peachey Frederick and Elizabeth Carl and Collette Reddel Albert and Kathryn Stafford Susan Pearce Joyce Reed Schmidt Herman and Carol PepsiCo. Foundation, Steven W. Reiquam Ann I. Schneider Starobin Inc. Thomas and Nancy Janet Schwartz S. Frederick Starr Etta Perkins Remington Morton and Runa Charles G. Stefan Margaret Pertzoff Nicholas Riasanovsky Schwartz Vladimir Steffel PetroAlliance Services Lois Rice Jospeh and Barbara Company John J. Stephan Sciacchitano 64 Nathaniel Richmond

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Richard Stites John Tedstrom Judyth Twigg Mary and Leon Wheeler Donald B. Strauss Mark Teeter Richard Ullman Eston and Edith White Stephen P. Strickland Mike Telson Michael H. Van Dusen Julie A. Whitney Foundation Adam and Valerye Helen Teplitskaia William J. Vanden Strochak Heuvel Thomas P. Whitney Victor and Rita Terras Robert D. Stuart Jr. Vanco Energy Company Cynthia Whittaker Teton Petroleum Foundation Company Margaret van Schaack Allan Wildman Rosemary Stuart Dean and Jane Milos Velimirovic Eric and Alberta Willenz Gary Sullivan Thompson Thomas Venclova Robert C. Williams SUN Group of Judith Thornton VimpelCom Stanley B. Winters Companies William Mills Todd III Enzo Viscusi William Woehrlin Gerald Surh Kazuhiko and Tomoko Mr. and Mrs. Ladislaus Sharon Wolchik Eleanor B. Sutter Togo von Hoffmann World Affairs Council of Michael Swafford Albert and Donna Theodore and Angela Washington, D.C. Tosches Anne Swartz Von Laue Christine Worobec Vladimir Toumanoff Frank E. Taplin Karl-Eugen Wädekin C. Ben Wright Donald W. Treadgold Antony Taquey Louis Wagner Dean S. Worth J.C. Troncale Charles Taquey Franklin Walker Edward Zebrowski James and Margaret Theodore and Gislea Peggy Walker Trott Betty and Serge Taranovski Wallach Foundation Zenkovsky Trust for Mutual Gael and Robert Understanding Thomas J. Watson William Zimmerman Tarleton Robert Tucker Ted Weeks Harold Zoslow William and Jane Taubman Valerie Tumins Edmund Weiant Anonymous (10) Elizabeth Teague James Turner Irwin Weil

Contributors to the Robert H. Baraz Fund*

Kenneth and Claire Robert and Louise Curtis Kamman Morton and Runa Angevine Dudley Schwartz Mark Katz George and Dorothy Natalie T. Friedlander William and Sandra Isabel G. Kulski Avery Shaw Mr. and Mrs. Werner Karl and Martha William and Jane Black Friedlander John and Sheila Sontag Mautner Terrance and Sarah Robert and Jean Charles G. Stefan Douglas P. Mulholland Byrne German Leon Taran Henry S. Myers David and Elizabeth Jon and Selene Gibney Kathleen M. Walker Cayer Leroy P. Nesbit Jon and Jennifer Benjamin and Geraldine Dorothy E. Cheever Glaudemans Karen L. Puschel Zook Richard and Ruth Curl Peter A. Hauslohner Sheldon Rapoport Eileen R. Dohn Edward Hurwitz 65

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | FUNDING Kyiv’s Immigrant Communities

In August 2004, Serhiy Brytechenko, the head of the Presidential Administration's Migration Directorate, called attention to increasing immigration into Ukraine in an article appearing in Uryadovyy Kuryer, the newspaper of the Ukrainian Cabinet Ministers. Brytchenko reported that the number of people granted Ukrainian citizenship rose by 40 percent during the first six months of 2004 in comparison to the same period in 2003, and by 180 percent in comparison to the first half of 2002. The Ministry of Internal Affairs similarly observed an increase in applications for permanent residence, the initial step towards Ukrainian citizenship. He continued on to note that the number of people adopting Ukrainian citizenship substantially surpassed the number relinquishing Ukrainian citizenship. Ukraine was, in short, becoming a country that was increasingly attractive to foreigners and persons without citizenship. Ukraine's relatively liberal immigration and citizenship laws account for part of this attraction to be sure. There is more to this interesting story, however. With some notable exceptions, Ukraine provides arriving immigrants from abroad with opportunities for peaceful and productive lives. This finding—perhaps surprising to many—becomes evident from an examination of how individual immigrants live in the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv, as evidenced by the results of a 2001-02 survey conducted by the Kennan Kyiv project. The Kennan Kyiv Project survey—funded by the Kennan Institute's George F. Kennan Fund and conducted with the assistance of the U.S.-Ukraine Foundation and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Ukraine—focused on immigrants from Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This group has become a small but significant portion of the population of Kyiv. The survey consisted of three interrelated parts: a questionnaire for immigrants, a survey of Kyiv city residents, and an experts' survey of officials from various government levels and specialists who have regular contact or work directly with nontraditional immigrants. Survey questions focused on the main characteristics of immigrants in Kyiv, their living conditions, interethnic relations, and the attitude of Kyiv city residents and the municipal government toward them. How Kyiv and Ukraine come to terms with their new residents will reveal a great deal about what sort of city and country Kyiv and Ukraine will be in the decades ahead. New arrivals though they may be, the immigrants at the center of this study are essential to Ukraine's future. The study's results show both a tolerant and liberal Ukraine, and a poor and miserly country unable to capitalize on its own resources. Understanding how Kyiv assimilates its immigrant community—or does not do so—carries important information about what sort of state and society Ukraine will become. The results of this study, containing extensive sociological data on Kyiv's nontraditional immigrant communities, were published in Ukrainian by the Kennan Kyiv Project and Stylos in 2003. The Kennan Institute and the Comparative Urban Studies Project of the Woodrow Wilson Center published an abridged version of the study results in English in May 2004. Copies of Nontraditional Immigrants in Kyiv may be requested from the Kennan Institute, and the publication is available for download at www.wilsoncenter.org/kennan.

KENNAN INSTITUTE | WOODROW WILSON CENTER Robert H. Baraz Interns

Gina Ottoboni Shana Hansell Paul du Quenoy Olena Nikolayenko 1991–92 1995–96 1998–99 2001-02 Thomas Mahalek Mark Webber Cynthia Neil Jane Buchanan 1992–93 1996–97 1999–2000 2002–03 Susanna Bolle Kimberly Righter Jon Kakasenko Adam Fuss 1993–94 1997–98 2000–01 2003–04 David Russell 1994–95

* In 1991 the Kennan Institute established a research internship program in honor of the late Robert H. Baraz, former Director of the Office of Research and Analysis for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at the U.S. Department of State.

ANNUAL REPORT 2003-2004 | FUNDING WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS Lee H. Hamilton, Director

BOARD OF TRUSTEES Joseph B. Gildenhorn, Chair; David A. Metzner, Vice Chair. Public Members: James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress; John W. Carlin, Archivist of the United States; Bruce Cole, Chair, National Endowment for the Humanities; Margaret Spellings, Secretary, U.S. Department of Education; Condoleezza Rice, Secretary, U.S. Department of State; Lawrence M. Small, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution; Michael O. Leavitt, Secretary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Designated Appointee of the President from within the Federal Government: Peter S. Watson. Private Citizen Members: Joseph A. Cari, Jr., Carol Cartwright, Robert B. Cook, Donald E. Garcia, Bruce S. Gelb, Charles L. Glazer, Tamala L. Longaberger

WILSON COUNCIL Bruce S. Gelb, President. Elias F. Aburdene, Jennifer Acker, Charles S. Ackerman, B.B. Andersen, Russell Anmuth, Cyrus A. Ansary, Lawrence E. Bathgate II, Theresa Behrendt, John Beinecke, Joseph C. Bell, Steven Alan Bennett, Stuart Bernstein, Rudy Boschwitz, A. Oakley Brooks, Donald A. Brown, Melva Bucksbaum, Richard I. Burnham, Nicola L. Caiola, Mark Chandler, Peter B. Clark, Melvin Cohen, William T. Coleman, Jr., David M. Crawford, Jr., Michael D. DiGiacomo, Beth Dozoretz, Elizabeth Dubin, F. Samuel Eberts III, I. Steven Edelson, Mark Epstein, Melvyn J. Estrin, Sim Farar, Susan R. Farber, A. Huda Farouki, Roger Felberbaum, Julie Finley, Joseph H. Flom, John H. Foster, Charles Fox, Barbara Hackman Franklin, Norman Freidkin, John H. French, II, Morton Funger, Gregory M. Gallo, Chris G. Gardiner, Bernard S. Gewirz, Gordon D. Giffin, Steven J. Gilbert, Alma Gildenhorn, David F. Girard-diCarlo, Michael B. Goldberg, Richard N. Goldman, Roy M. Goodman, Gretchen Meister Gorog, William E. Grayson, Ronald Greenberg, Raymond A. Guenter, Cheryl F. Halpern, Edward L. Hardin, Jr., John L. Howard, Darrell E. Issa, Benjamin Jacobs, Jerry Jasinowski, Brenda LaGrange Johnson, Shelly Kamins, James M. Kaufman, Edward W. Kelley, Jr., Anastasia D. Kelly, Christopher J. Kennan, Willem Kooyker, Steven Kotler, Markos Kounalakis, William H. Kremer, Raymond Learsy, Dennis A. LeVett, Francine Gordon Levinson, Harold O. Levy, Frederic V. Malek, David S. Mandel, Jeffrey A. Marcus, J.W. Marriott, John Mason, Jay Mazur, Robert McCarthy, Linda McCausland, Stephen G. McConahey, Donald F. McLellan, Charles McVean, J. Kenneth Menges, Jr., Kathryn Mosbacher, Jeremiah L. Murphy, Martha T. Muse, John E. Osborn, Paul Hae Park, Gerald L. Parsky, Jeanne L. Phillips, Michael J. Polenske, Donald Robert Quartel, Jr., Bruce Ratner, John L. Richardson, Margaret Milner Richardson, Larry D. Richman, Carlyn Ring, Edwin Robbins, Robert G. Rogers, Juan A. Sabater, Roger Sant, Alan M. Schwartz, Timothy R. Scully, J. Michael Shepherd, George P. Shultz, Raja W. Sidawi, Kenneth Siegel, Ron Silver, William A. Slaughter, James H. Small, Shawn Smeallie, Gordon V. Smith, Thomas F. Stephenson, John Sitilides, Norman Kline Tiefel, Mark C. Treanor, Anthony G. Viscogliosi, Christine M. Warnke, Ruth Westheimer, Pete Wilson, Deborah Wince- Smith, Herbert S. Winokur, Jr., Paul Martin Wolff, Joseph Zappala, Richard S. Ziman, Nancy M. Zirkin

ABOUT THE CENTER The Center is the living memorial of the United States of America to the nation’s twenty-eighth president, Woodrow Wilson. Congress established the Woodrow Wilson Center in 1968 as an international institute for advanced study, “symbolizing and strengthening the fruitful relationship between the world of learning and the world of public affairs.” The Center opened in 1970 under its own board of trustees. In all its activities the Woodrow Wilson Center is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization, supported finan- cially by annual appropriations from Congress, and by the contributions of foundations, corporations, and individuals. Conclusions or opinions expressed in Center publications and programs are those of the authors and speakers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center staff, fellows, trustees, advisory groups, or any individuals or organizations that provide financial support to the Center.