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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR HARRY JOSEPH GILMORE Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: February 3, 2003 Copyright 2012 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Pennsylvania Carnegie Institute of Technology (Carnegie Mellon University) University of Pittsburgh Indiana University Marriage Entered the Foreign Service in 1962 A,100 Course Ankara. Turkey/ 0otation Officer1Staff Aide 1962,1963 4upiter missiles Ambassador 0aymond Hare Ismet Inonu 4oint US Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (4USMAT) Turkish,US logistics Consul Elaine Smith Near East troubles Operations Cyprus US policy Embassy staff Consular issues Saudi isa laws Turkish,American Society Internal tra el State Department/ Foreign Ser ice Institute (FSI)7 Hungarian 1963,1968 9anguage training Budapest. Hungary/ Consular Officer 1968,1967 Cardinal Mindszenty 4anos Kadar regime 1 So iet Union presence 0elations Ambassador Martin Hillenbrand Israel Economy 9iberalization Arab,Israel 1967 War Anti,US demonstrations Go ernment restrictions Sur eillance and intimidation En ironment Contacts with Hungarians Communism Visa cases (pro ocations) Social Security recipients Austria1Hungary relations Hungary relations with neighbors 0eligion So iet Mindszenty concerns Dr. Ann 9askaris Elin OAShaughnessy State Department/ So iet and Eastern Europe EBchange Staff 1967,1969 Hungarian and Czech accounts Operations Scientists and Scholars eBchange programs Effects of Prague Spring 0elations with local Embassies Director. Boris Klosson Moscow. So iet Union/ Assistant Cultural Officer 1969,1971 Detailed to USIA USIA Efficiency reports Operations Sur eillance 0elations with public Tra el Scientific eBchanges McKinney 0ussell US eBchange groups Cultural nationalism Music Ambassador 4acob Beam Henry Kissinger 2 United States Military Academy7 Political Science Department 1971,1972 Education system CCommunism7 Theory and PracticeD Courses of study Student body Admiral William 4ames Crowe Vietnam War Ci il,Military relations in So iet Union Army,Na y ri alry Student e aluation State Department/ Eugosla Desk Officer 1972,1978 US policy Non,Alignment USIA Centers EBtremists EBpatriate communities in US Croatian press distortions Congressional interest FBI 0acketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations act (0ICO) US1Eugosla relations Artuko ic case Trieste Ambassador Malcolm Toon Tito US1Eugosla relations Eugosla military Munich. Germany/ Political (Internal) 0eporting Officer19iaison 1978,1978 To 0adio Free Europe and 0adio 9iberty (0FE09) Board of International Broadcasting CNeutron BombD German opposition So iet 4ewish emigration Operations Broadcasting guidelines Olympics Poland Pope 4ohn Paul II Eastern Europe Chancellor Helmut Schmidt US Policy Franz 4oseph Strauss FO,103 Starfighter bribe issue 2 Congressional interest Christian Social Union Forgery Christian Social Union Christian Democratic Union Hermut Kohl German politics French US military State Department/ Deputy Director. Office of Eastern European 1978,1981 And Eugosla Affairs Country responsibilities US policy Economic reforms Personnel Polish independence Most Fa ored Nations treatment 0estricti e emigration policies Bulgaria Family reunification 4aruzelski So iets in ade Afghanistan Tito death Eugosla ia relations Belgrade. Eugosla ia/ Deputy Chief of Mission 1981,1988 Ambassador Da id Anderson Post,Tito leadership CGreater SerbiaD Vice President George H.W. Bush isit KA9 007 shootdown Milo an Dilas Saraje o Winter Olympics Financial difficulties Mika Planinc Ethnic di isions America Center 0aymond Benson European role Serbs in Croatia Andrija Artuko icA 9eader contacts Da id Anderson 9arry Eagleburger 3 State Department7 Director. Office of Central European Affairs 1988,1987 Countries Kurt Waldheim case Ambassador 0onald 9auder Austrian 4ewish property Adolph Hitler AustriaAs CFree 0ideD Czechoslo akia Vacla Ha el Career s. Political Ambassadors Swiss Germany1Guadripartite meetings Star Wars contracts German economy 9a Belle disco bombing 0ozanne 0idgeway 4ewish reparations 0eturn of 4ewish property German Democratic 0epublic Warsaw Pact economic potential So iet military production East Berlin construction East Germany (GD0) armed forces GD0 economy Family reunification Berlin status Hans Dietrich Genscher German eBports European Community (EC) French,German relationship A iation Berlin security Berlin airlift So iet Berlin troops Helmut Kohl US Germany policy Kohl,0eagan relationship Berlin. Germany/ US Minister and Deputy Commander of the 1987,1990 American Sector Operations Senat responsibilities and powers Embassy organization Police relationship 8 Igor Machsimiche Person relations with Allies Monthly ministerial meetings Berlin status Berlin go ernment Allies Berlin responsibilities 0elation with Allies Political parties Gorbache influence Erich Honecker Guadripartite Agreement German unification So iet air presence Berlin Air Safety Center Intelligence presence 0elations with Embassy Bonn George Vest Public safety Terrorists US 9ibya bombing German regional tra el Egon Krenz 9eipzig demonstrations Mo ement for change Growing demonstrations West German police So iet police Talk Team Opening of Berlin Wall Coping with GD0 citizens Emotional drams German Freedom to tra el GD0 elections Social Democratic Party Unification So iets call for Tripartite meeting Ambassador Walters Berlin. Germany/ Principal Officer. US Embassy Office in Berlin 1990,1991 German states in district Consolidating East H West Berlin Missions Personnel changes Foreign Ser ice nationals 0eporting First Golf War protests 6 Christa Wolf WomenAs issues 9ee Boem VIP isitors Difficulties of Eat1West amalgamation President George Bush 0estraints on optimism East German agriculture NATO membership Germany,Poland border Political Parties Nuclear weapons Chancellor Kohl Foreign Minister Gernscher Gorbache NATO Defense guarantee 9ander go ernments East German industry Stasi (Security) files Gauk Commission Unification euphoria Army War College/ Deputy Commander for International Affairs 1991,1992 Student body International Fellows Program Operations E aluation Hiatus in Senate Hearings due to change in Administration 1992,1992 Study of Armenian language Senator Sarbanes Hearings United States Ambassador to Armenia 1992,1998 ArmeniaAs emergency humanitarian needs Armenian history American Armenian community Azerbaijan dispute Nagorno,Karabakh conflict Closed borders 9and,locked Armenia Security Shortages US humanitarian aid Winter Warmth program 7 Educated populace President 9e on Ter,Petrossian Foreign Ser ice Nationals (FSNs) Medical problems USAID Embassy building 0egional history Turkey,Armenia relations Turkish,Armenian 0econciliation Commission Armenian Struggle for the Armed 9iberation of Armenia (ASA9A) 4ustice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (ASA9A) Armenia,0ussia relations Minsk Group Cease,Fire (1993) Possibilities of conflict resolution Minsk Group. CSCE American en oys for dispute resolution 0egional US ambassadorsA meetings 0egional oil eBploration Karabakh settlement issue Azerbaijanis 0eligion Chechens American,Armenian Political Organizations Armenian friends in US Congress American Uni ersity of Armenia Armenian diaspora Western noted Armenians State Department/ Foreign Ser ice Institute (FSI)7 Dean 1998,1997 of Area Studies1Dean of School of Professional and Area Studies (name change) Merger Senior Seminar E aluation 0etirement/ 1997 State Department7 Caucasus Area Studies 9ecturing INTERVIEW INote/ This inter iew was not edited by Ambassador GilmoreJ 8 Q: This is a Foreign Affairs Oral History Program interview with Harry Joseph Gilmore. This interview is being conducted under the auspices of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training. I’m Stu Kennedy. Harry and I are old friends. Harry, let’s start at the beginning. When and where were you born? Can you tell me something about your family on both sides? GI9MO0E/ Ees. I was born in McKeesport. Pennsyl ania on No ember the 16th. 1927. McKeesport was where the nearest hospital was to my hometown which was Clairton. which was the coking center for all of Carnegie,Illinois. then U.S. Steel. and still remains the coking center. by the way. Ees. coke. the byproduct of soft coal. being used to smelt steel. Q: Let’s start first on your father’s side. Where do the Gilmores come from? Tell me something about the Gilmore family and how they got to there, and your father. GI9MO0E/ My fatherAs family was neatly split between English and Welsh ancestry on his fatherAs side and German ancestry on his motherAs side. In fact. his mother was the only member of her family K she was the youngest K born in the United States. The rest were born in Germany in a place weAre not entirely sure of because nobody kept records. We think it may ha e been somewhere in the Black Forest. or between the Black Forest and the French border. somewhere. On my fatherAs side. his father was a ri erboat carpenter. and in that family there were a number of ri erboat captains. Pittsburgh. of course. is the junction of the Monongahela and the Allegheny 0i ers. and ri er boating and ri erboat building was in the family tradition on that side. Otherwise they were basically mill hands and miners. Q: What did your father do? Where did he go to school? GI9MO0E/ My father lost his dad when he was ery young7 he was born to a family se en of whom sur i ed. So. he went to high school. barely. working actually from junior