THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY rOUNDED BY J'AMES LOEB, LL.D.

EDITED BY E. H. WARMINGTON. M.A., F .R.RIST .SOC.

FORMER EDITORS t T. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.n. t E. CAPPS. PH.D" LL.D. t W. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. L. A. POST, L.R.D.

OVID

II THE ART OF LOVE, AND OTHER POEMS

1 232 OVID IN SIX VOLUMES II THE ART OF LOVE, AND OTHER POEMS

WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION DY J. H. MOZI,EY SOMETIME SCHOLAR OB' KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, Lb:CTURF.R IN CLASSICS, UNIVERSITY 011 LONDON DE MEDICAMINE FACIEI ARTIS AMATORIAE I-III REMEDIORUM AMORIS NUX IBIS HALIEUTICON CONSOLATIO AD LIVIAM APPENDIX TO IBIS

LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARV AIm UNIVERSITY PRESS MmfLXIX eA £C:;IQ 0- .J f\e ~%9 CONTENTS ((.j).. ) rAGE INTRODUCTION vii ON P.AINTING THE FAOE 1 Firat prillud 1929 Revised and Reprinted 1939 THE ART OJ' LOVE, :BOOK I 11 Reprinted 19n, 195'1, 1962, 1989 ,. II 67 " III 119

THE RElolEDIlIIS OF LOVE 177 THE W ALNUT-TRElII 235 IBIS 251 ON BEA-FISHING • 309 B\ BAI06HKIl nl.titDmll~U OY KrlllI A.. :POEM 011' CONSOLATION 323 APPENDIX TO IBIS 359 'Apia ••\"0:1,A%1 INDEX OF NAMES. 373 INDEX OF SUBJECTS . 381

Printed in Oreal Britain

v INTRODUCTION

THE poems here translated consist of (i) the didactic poems on love, namely, the fragment On Painting the Face, the Art of Love, and the Remedies for Love; (ii) four misceJIaneous pieces, the fragment on sea­ fishing, the Ibis, the Walnut-tree and the Consolation to Livia, of which the last two are generally considered spurious.

1. The Didactic Love-poems. These mark the final stage of Ovid's first poetical period, his previous achievements in love-poetry being the Amore~', which describe his own experiences, and the Letters of the Heroines. 1 It seems to have been an original idea of the poet's to inc1ude love-making among the subjects of didactic poetry, examples of which are to be found in the philosophical poems of Empedoc1es or Lucretius, and the treatises of a Macer on herbs or of a Manilius on astronomy. It was perhaps suggested by some of the poems in the Amores; for example, i. 4, in which he gives advice to his mistress how to behave in her husband's presence, or ii. 2, in which a eunuch is instructed how to relax his watch over his charge, or i. 8, in

1 The lost tragedy of Medea also belongs to this period. vii THE ART OF LOVE ARTIS AMATORIAE THE ART OF LOVE LIBER PRIMUS BOOK I

81QUlB in hoc artern populo non novit amandi, IF anyone among this people knows not the art of Hoc legat et lecto carmine doctus amet. loving, let him read my poem, and having read be Arte citae veloque rates remoque moventur, skilled in love. By skill swift ships are sailed and Arte leves currus : arte regendus arnor. rowed, by skill nimble chariots are driven: by Curribus Automedon lentisque erat aptus habenis, 5 skill must Love be guided. Well fitted for chariots Tiphys in Haemonia puppe magister erat : and pliant reins was Automedon, and Tiphys was Me Venus artificem tenero praefecit Amori; the helmsman of the Haemonian ship: 1 me hath Tiphys et Automedon dienr Amoris ego. Venus set over tender Love as master in the art; I Ine quidem ferus est et qui mihi saepe repugnet: shall be called the Tiphys and Automedon of Love. Sed puer est, aetas moWs et apta regi. 10 Wild indeed is he, and apt often to fight against me; PhiUyrides puel'um cithara per fecit Achillem, but he is a boy, tender his age and easily controlled. Atque animos placida contudit arte feros. The son of Philyra iii made the boy Achilles accom­ Qui totiens soeias, totiens exterruit hostes, plished on the lyre, and by his peaceful art subdued Creditur annosum pertimuisse senem. those savage pa~sions. He who terrified his friends Quas Hector sensurus erat, poscente magistro Hi so often and so often his foes, cowered, we are told, Verberibus iUSS3S praebuit me manus. before an aged man. Those hands that Hector was Aeacidae Chiron, ego sum praeceptor Amaris: to feel, he held out to the lash obediently, when his Saevus uterque puer, natus uterqlle dea. master bade. Chiron taught Aeacides, I am Love's Sed tamen et tauri cervix oneratur aratro, teacher: a fierce lad each, and each born of a god. Frenaque magnaniroi dente teruntur eqlli; 20 dess. Yet even the bull's neck is burdened by the Et mihi cedet Amor, quamvis mea vulneret arCll plough, and the high-mettledsteed champs the

Pectora, iactatas excutiatque faces. bridle with his teeth; and to me Love shall yieldJ Quo me fixit Amor, quo me violentius ussit, though he wound my breast with his bow, and whirl Hoc melior facti vulneris ultor ero : aloft his brandished torch. The more violently Love has pierced and branded me, the better shall I

1 Charioteer of Achilles alld helmsman of the Argo respec­ avenge the wound that he has made: I will not tively; Jason came from l'hcssaly {Haemonia}. I Chiron . .. '3 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I Non ego, Phoebe, datas a te mihi mentiar artes, 25 falsely claim that my art is thy gift, 0 Phoebus, nor Nee nOB aeriae voce monemur avis, am I taught by the voice of a bird of. the air, Nee mihi sunt visae Clio Cliusque sorores neither did Clio and Clio's sisters appear to me Servanti pecudes vallihus, Asera, tuis : while I kept flocks in thy vale, 0 Asera : 1 experience. Usus opus movet hoc: vati parete perito; inspires this work: give ear to an experienced. bard j Vera canam: coeptis, mater Amoris, ades! 30 true will be my song: favour my enterprIse, 0 Este procul, vittae tenues, insigne pudoris, mother of Love. Keep far away, ye slender fillets, Quaeque tegis medias instita longa pedes. emblems of modesty, and the long skirt that hides Nos venerem tutam concessaque furta canemus, the feet in its folds. 2 Of safe love-making do I sing, Luque meo nullum carmine crimen erit. and permitted secrecy, and in my verse shall be no wrong-doing. Principio quod amare velis, reperire labora, 35 First strive to find an object for your love, you Qui nova nunc primum miles in arma venis. who no'w for the first time come to fight in warfare Proximus huic labor est placitam exorare puel1am : new. The next task is, to win the girl that takes Tertius, ut longo tempore d~ret amor. your fancy j the third, to make love long endure. Hie modus, haec 005tro signabltur area curru : This is my limit, this the field whose bound my Haec erit admissa meta premenda rota. 40 chariot shall mark, this the goal my flying wheel shall graze. Dum lieet, et loris passim potes ire solutis, While yet you are at liberty and can go at large Elige cui dicas (( tu mihi sola places." with loosened rein, choose to whom you will say, Haec tibi non tenues veniet delapsa per auras: U You alone please me." She will not come floating Quaerenda est oeulis apta pueUa tuis. down to you through the tenuous air, she must be Scit bene venator cervis ubi retia tendat, 46 sought the girl whom your glance approves. Well Scit bene qua frendens valle moretur aper j knows'the hunter where to spread his nets for the Aucupihus noti frutices; qui sustinet hamos, stag, well knows he in what glen the boar with Novit quae multo pisce nate.utur aquae: . gnashing teeth abides; familiar are the copses to 1'u quoque, materiam longo qUI quaens amOrI, fowlers, and he who holds the hook is aware in what Ante frequens quo sit disce puel1a loco. 50 waters many fish are swimming; you too, who seek Non ego quaerentem vento dare vela iu?ebo, the object of a lasting passi?n, learn ?rst wha~ places N ec tibi, ut invenias, longa terenda Via est. the maidens haunt. I wIll not bId you III your search set sails before the wind,. nOT, that you may 1 As they did to Resioa, see Theogony, U. 22 sqq. S The fillet. or hair-band, was worn only by women of good find, need a long road be travelled. Though Perseus character' the flounce (" institllo") made the skirt reach down "quarl1m subsuta talos tegat. instita veste" j it, too, marked to the fe:tll and was sewn on to it, as in Hor. Sat. 1. 2. 28: the woman of good character. '4 IS OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I Andromedan Perseus nigris portarit ab Indis, brought Andromeda from the dusky Indians,l though Raptaque sit Phrygio Graia puella vira, the Phrygian lover carried oft' a Grecian girl, yet Tot tibi tamque dabit formosas Roma puellas, 65 Rome will give you so many maidens and so fair "Haec habet" ut dicas H quicquid in orbe fnit." that, f' Here," you will say, U is all the beauty of the Gat'gara quat segetes, quat habet Methymna racemos, world." As numerous as the crops upon Gargara, Aequore quot pisces, fronde teguntur aves, as the grape-bunches of Methymna,2 as the fishes Quot caelum stellas, tot habet tUB Roma puellas : that lurk within the sea, or the birds among the Mater et Aeneae constat in urhe sui. 60 leaves, as many as are the stars of heaven, so many Sell caperis primis et adhuc crescentibus annis, maidens doth thine own Rome contain: the mother Ante oeDIos veniet vera pueHa tuos: of Aeneas still dwells in the city of her son. Are you Sive cupis iuvenem, iuvenes tibi mille place bunt, attracted by early and still ripening years? a real Cogeris et voti nescius esse tui : maid will come before your eyes. Would you have a Sell te forte iuvat sera et sapientior aetas, 65 full-grown beauty? a thousand such will please you, Hoc quoque, crede mihi, plenius agmen erit. and, try as you will, you know not which to choose. Or do you perchance prefer a later and staider age? I'u modo Pompeia lentus sr.atiare sub umbra, still more numerous, believe me, will be their array. Cum sol Herculei terga eonis adit : Only walk leisurely beneath the Pompeian shade,3 Aut ubi muneribus nati sua munera mater when the sun draws nigh to Hercules' shaggy lion, Addidit, externo marmore dives opus. 70 or where the mother has added her own gifts to her Nee tibi vitetur quae, priscis sparsa. tabellis, son's,'" a work rich with marble coating. Nor should Porticus auctoris Livia nomen habet: you avoid the Livian colonnade which, scattered o'er Quaque parare necem miseris patruelibus ausae with ancient paintings keeps its founder's name,o or Belides et stricto stat ferus ense pater. where the daughters of Belus dare to plot death for Nec te praetereat Veneri ploratus Adonis, 75 their wretched cousins, and their fierce sire stands Cultaque ludaeo septima sacra Syro. with drawn sword.6 Nor let Adonis bewailed of Venus escape you, nor the seventh day that the 1 Proba.bly here the Aethiopians, though tbo soene is uBually placed in Syria. It is implied that Andromeda is "fusca" in library to his honour, and Augustus named a. theatre after 3. 191. The contrast is between the toils tha.t Perseus had to him. undergo a.nd the ease of finding ma.idens in Rome. i It wa.s called after Livia., the wife of Augustus (cf. S Gargara is on Mt. Ida in the Troad, a.nd Methymna. in the Propertius, 2. 23. 3). island of Lesbos. • The Portico of the Danaids, in the temple of Apollo on • The reference is to the Portico of Pompey, near to the the Palatine; there were statues there representing the fifty theatre called after him, adorned by plane trees and founta.ins. daughters of Danaus, about to slay the cousins whom they ... The Portico of Octavia, sister of Augustus, dedicated by were forced to marry; they were the grand-daughters of her to the memory of her Bon !fIarceUus; she also built a Belus, king of Egypt. 16 B OVID TIlE ART OF LOVE: I Nee fuge linigerae Memphitica templa iuvencae: Syrian Jew holds sacred.1 Avoid not the Memphlan Multas illa facit, quod fnit ipsa lovi. shrine of the linen-clothed heifer: many a maid does Et fora conveniunt (quis credere passit?) smori : she make what she was herself to Jove.- Even the Flammaque in arguto saepe reperta foro: 80 law-courts (who could believe it r) are suitable to Sllbdita qua Veneris facto de marmore templo love, often has its flame been found in the shrill­ Appias expressis aera pulsat aquis, tongued court: where set beneath the marble shrine 1110 saepe loco capitur consultus Amari, of Venus, the Appian nymph strikes the air with her Quique aliis c8vit, non cavet ipse sibi : upspringingwaters,B there often is the lawyer cheated Illo saepe loco desunt sua verba diserto, 85 by Love, and he who was careful for others is not Resque novae vcniunt, causaque agenda sua est. careful for himself: often there does the glib speaker Hune Venus e templis, quae sunt confinia, ridet: fail for words: a new case comes on and his own Qui modo patronus, nunc cupit esse cHens. cause must be pleaded. Venus laughs at him from her neighbouring shrine: he who was of late an Sed tu praecipue curvis venare theatris : advocate would fain be a client now. Haec loca Bunt voto fertiliora tuo. 90 But specially do your hunting in the round theatres: nBc invenies quod ames, quod ludere paBBis, more bountifully do these repay your vows. There Quodque semel tangas, quodque tenere velis. will you find an object for passion or for dalliance, Ut redit itque frequens langum formica per agmen, something to taste but once, or to keep, if so you Granifero solitum cum vehit ore cibum, wish. As crowded ants pass and repass in a long Aut ut apes saltusque suos et olentia nactae 05 train, bearing in grain-burdened mouth their wonted Pascua per flores et thyma summa volant, food, or as bees, having gained their dells and fragrant Sic ruit in celebres cultissima femina ludos: pastures, flit o'er the blossoms and hover o'er the Copia iudicium saepe morata meum est. thyme: so hasten the smartest women to the crowded Spectatum veniunt, veniunt spectentur ut ipsae: games; many a time have their numbers made my I1le locus casti damna pudoris habet. 100 judgment falter. They come to see, they come that Primus sollicitos fecisti, Romule, ludos, they may be seen: to cbastity that place is fatal. Cum iuvit viduos rapta Sabina vir~s. Thou first, Romulus, didst disturb the games, when the rape of Sabine women consoled the widowed men.

I Isis is often identified with 10 in Lat.in poetry. The 1 The worship of Adonis was connected with the temple of temple of the former stood in the Ca.mpus Martius. Venus, and his festival was very popular with the courtesans I There W&$ a. temple of V cnue Genetrix in the Forum of Rome; ., Syrian" covers most of the near East; there were Julium, and near it the fountain of th~ Aqua. Appia (so ~&ny Jews in Rome $ince the capture of Jernsa.lem by Pompey oalled because the wa.ter was hrought by the aqueduct built In 63D.0. by the censor, Appius Claudius). 18 19 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I

Tunc neque marmoreo pendebant vela theatrCt, No awnings then hung o'er a marble theatre, nor was Nee fuerant Jiquido pulpita ruura eroeo ; the platform ruddy with crocus-spray; there, artlessly Illic quns tulerant nemorosa Palatia, frondes 105 arranged, were garlands which the leafy Palatine had Simpliciter positae, seaena sine arte fuit j borne; the stage was unadorned; the people sat on In gradihus sedit populus de caespite faetis, steps of turf, any chance leaves covering their un­ Qualibet hil'sutas fronde tegente comas. kempt hair. They look about them, and each notes Hespiciunt, oculisque notant sibi quisque pucl1am with his glance the womaH he desires, and they brood Quam velit, et tacito pectore multa movent. 110 much in their secret hearts. And while to the Tuscan Dumque, rudem praebente modum tibicine Tuseo, flute-player'S rude strains the dancer struck thrice Ludius aequatam ter pede pulsat humum, with his foot the levelled floor, in the midst of the [n medio plansu (plansua tUllC arte carehant) applause (the applause then was rough a~d rlld.e) the Rex populo praedae signa petita dedit. king gave to the people the expected sign ot rape. Protinus exiliunt, animum elamore fatentes, 115 Straightway they leap forth, by their shouts betraying Virginihus cupidas iniciuntque manus. their eagerness, and lay lustful hand upon the Ut fugiunt aquilas, timidissima turba, columbae, maidens. As doves, most timorous of birds, flee Utque fugit visos agna novena lupos : from the eagles, and the weanling lamb when it spies Sic illae timuere viros sine more ruentes ; the wolf, so feared they the men rushing wildly on Constitit in nulla qui fuit ante color. 120 them; in none remained her former colour. For Nam timor unus erat, facies non una timoris: their fear was one, but not one was the appearance of Pars laniat crines, pars sine mente sedet; their fear: some tear their hair, some sit crazed j Altera maesta silet, frustra vocat altern matrem : one is silent in iJismay, one calls in vain upon her Haec queritur, stu pet haec; haec manet, illa fugit; mother; this one bewails, that one is struck dumb; Ducuntur raptae, gcnialis pracda, pueUae, 125 this one remains, that one fiees. The captured Et potuit multas ipse decere timor. women arc led off, spoil for the marriage-couch, and Siqua repugnarat nirnium comitemque negabat, to many their very fear had power to lend grace. If Sublatam cupido vir tulit ipse sinu, any struggled overmuch and resisted her mate, up­ Atque ita" quid tenel'OS lacrimis corl'umpis oeeHos? borne on his eager breast he carried her ofr himself, Quod matri pater est, hoc tibi " dixit" ero." 130 saying: "Why do you spoil those tender eyes with Romule, militihus scisti dare commoda solus, tears? What your sire was to your mother that will Haec mihi si dederis commoda, miles ero. I be to you." Ah, Romulus, thou only didst know h~w Scilicet ex illo sollemnia more theatra to bestow bounty on thy warriors; so thou but bestow Nunc quoque formosis insidioslJ. manent. such bounty upon me, I will be a warrior. And, mark you, in accord with that tradition our theatres 114 petita Bentley, Marlvig: petenda MSS. now too are fraught with danger to the fair. 20 21 OVID TIlE ART OF LOVE: I

Nee te nobiliuDl fugiat certamen equol'um j 135 Nor let the contest of noble steeds escape you; Multa capax populi commoda Circus habel~. the spacious Circus holds many opportunities. Nil opus est digitis, per quos arcana loquaris, No need is there of fingers for secret speech, nor Nee tibi per nutus accipienda nota est: need you receive a signal by means of nods. Sit Proximus a domina, nullo prohibente, sedeto, next to your lady, none will prevent you; sit side by lunge tuum lateri qua potes usque latus; 140 side as close as you can; and that is easy, for the rows Et bene, quod cogit, si nolit, linea iungi, compel closeness, if she be unwilling, and by the Quod tihi tangenda est lege puella loci. rule of the place you must touch your comrade. Hie Ubi quaerator socii sermonis origo, Here seek an opening for friendly talk, and begin Et moveant primos publica verba sonos. with words that all may hear. Mind you are zealous Cuins equi veniant, facito, studiose, requil'as: 145 in asking whose horses are entering, and quick! Nee mora, quisquis erit, cui favet ilia, fave. whomsoever she favours be sure to favour too. But At cum pompa frequens certantibus ibit ephebis, when the long procession of competing youths passes To Veneri dominae plaude favente manu; by applaud Queen Venus with favouring hand.l Utqne fit, in gremium pulvis si forte puellae And if perchance, as will happen, a speck of dust Deciderit, digitis excutiendus erit: ]50 falls on your lady'S lap, flick it off with your fingers; Et si nullns erit pulvis, tamen excute null urn : and if none ta.ll, then flick off---none; let any pretext Quaelibet officio causa sit apta tuo. serve to show your attentiveness. !fher cloak hangs Pallia si terra nirniurn demissa iacebunt, low and trails upon the ground, gather it up and lift Collige, et inmunda sedulus effer humo ; it carefully from the defiling earth; straightway, a Protinus, officii pretium, patiente puelia 155 reward for your service, with the girl's permission Contingent oculis crura videnda tuis. your eyes will catch a glimpse of her ankles. Then Respice praeterea, post vos quicurnque sedebit, again look round to see that whoever is sitting behind Ne premat opposito mollia terga genu. you is not pressing his knee against her tender back. Parva leves capiunt animos: fuit utile multis Frivolous minds are won by trifles: many have found Pulvinum facili composuisse nmnu. 160 useful the deft arranging of a cushion. It has helped Profuit et tenui "entos movisse tabella, too to stir the air with a light fan, or to set a stool Et cava sub tenerum scamna dedisse pedem. beneath a dainty foot. Such openings will the Circus afford to a new court­ Hos aditus Circusque novo praebebit amori, ship, and the melancholy sand scattered on the busy Sparsaque solHdto tristis harena foro. . 1 This procession is described in Amnrts, 3. 2. 43 ff. It started from the Capitol, and came by the Forum a.nd the 141 noUt 0: noHs B. Forum Bou.rium to the Circus, of which it traversed the whole 147 certu.ntihus .•• ephebis R: ca.elestibuB ••. eburnis O. length. Ivory statues of gods were carried. a.nd would be 161 vento. ••. tabella AlSS. I vento ••• tabella.m RO. a.pplauded by those most sympathetic to them; Marl by n soldiers, Venus by lovers, etc. OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I lIla saepe puer Veneris pugnavit harena, 165 Forum.' Often has Venus' Boy fought upon that sand, Et qui spectavit vulnera, vulnus habet. and he who watched the wounds has himself been Dum loquitur tangitque manum poscitque Hbellum wounded.2 While he is speaking and touching her

Et quaerit posito pignorct vineat uter, hand and asking for the book, and inquiring which Saucins ingemuit telumque volatile sensit, is winning as he lays his stake, he feels the winged Et pars spectati muneris ipse fuit. 170 barh and groans with the wound, and is himself part of the show which he is watching. Quid, modo cum belli navalis imagine Caesar What when Caesar of late brought on Persian and Persidns induxit Cecropiasque rates? Cecropian vessels under the fashion of a naval fightr3 Nempe ab utroque mari iuvenes, ab utroque puellae Why, youths and maidens came from either sea: the Venere, atque ingens orhis in Urbe fuit. mighty world was in our city. ,",Tho found not in Quis non invenit turba quod amaret in illa? l70 that crowd some object for his passion r alas! how Ehen, quam multos advena torsit arnor! many did a foreign love o' erthrow ! Lo !" Caesar is preparing to add what was lacking Ecce, parnt Caesar domito quod defuit orbi to the conquered world: now, fal·thest East, shalt Addere: nunc, oriens ultime, noster eris. thou be ours. Parthian, thou shalt pay penalty; Parthe, dabis poenns: Crassi gaudete sepulti, rejoice, ye buried Crassi,6 and ye standards that shame­ Signaque barbaricas non bene passa manus. 180 fully endured barbarian violence. Your avenger 6 is at VItor ad est, primisque duccm profitetur in annis, hand, and, though his years be few, proclaims his cap· Bellaque non puero traetat agenda puer. tainey, and, though a boy, handles wars that no boy llareite nlltales timidi numerare deorum : should handle. Cease, timid ones, to count the birth· Caesaribus virtus eontigit ante diem. days of the gods; valour falls early to the lot of CaeS;ars, Ingenium eaeleste suis velocius annis 185 Heavenly power grows more swiftly than its years, Surgit, et ignavae fert male damna morae. and ill brooks the penalties of slow delay. Small Pal'vus erat, manibusque duos Tirynthius angnes was the Tirynthian when in his hands he crushed Pl'essit, et in ennis iam love dignus erato two snakes, and already in his cradle he was worthy 18l annis EO: armis JISS. refers to Gaius Caesar, in 1. 221 he addresses the young lover again. 1 Gladiatorial shows were sometimes given there. I> The battle of Carrhae is referred to (153 :B.a.), at which II When & fladiator hoo recehred a. wound, the people would Crassus a.nd hiB Bon were slain, and the Ruma.n standards cry" habet I' captured by the Parthians, a Augustus staged the battle of Salamis on & lake excavated 15 Gains Ca.esar was the yonn~ son of Agrippu. and Julia, for that purpose at the foot of the Janiculum, in 2 B.O .. daughter of ~ugustus; he was, Just being sent ~>ut to .lead ,a. .. A rather abrupt digression, suggested by the Idea of a campaign agamst Phraates, kmg of the Parthlans; m tIllS triumph as a suitable occasion for c~)Urtship; he, onl,r returns war he died of a. wound, a.nd so failed to fulfil the prophecy to this theme in 1. 219; hence, wlule the vocatlve In 1. 213 of 1. ]9"'. THE ART OF LOVE: I OVID of Jove. And thou who even noW art a youth, how N one quoque qui puer es, quantus tum, Bncche, fuisti, big then wert thou, 0 Bacchus, when conquered Cum timuit thyrsos India vieta tuos? 190 India feared thy wands? With the auspices and Auspiciis animisque patris, puer, anna movebis, courage of thy sire shalt thou, 0 youth, make war, Et vinces animis auspiciisque patris : and with the auspices and courage of thy sire shal t Tale rudimentum tanto sub nomine debes, thou conquer: such, bearing so great a name, shouM Nunc iuvenum princeps, deinde future senllID; be thy earliest exploit,! prince now of the youth,2 bu~ Cum tibi sint fratres, fratres ulciscere laesos: 195 one day of the elders; since thou hast brothers, Cumque pater tibi sit, iura tuere patris. avenge thy brothers' wrongs, and since thou hast a [nduit anna tibi genitor patriaeque tuusque: sire, guard the rights of thy sir,e. Thy f8.th~r and the Hostis ab invito regna parente rapit; father of thy country bath girded thee ~l~h ar~s: To pia tela feres, sceleratas ille sagittas : an enemy snatches a realm from thy unwIlhng Slre ; Stabit pro sigois iusque piumque tuis. 200 rightful weapons shalt thou bear, dastardly arrows, Vincuntur causa Parthi: vincantur et armis; he; right and duty shall stand to defend thy cause. Eoas Latio dux meus addat opes. The Parthians are defeated in their cause: let them Marsque pater Caesarque pater, date numen eunti : be defeated in battle also; let my prince add to Nam deus e vobis alter es, alter eris. Latium the riches of the East. Father Mars and Auguror, en, vinces; votivaque carmina reddam, 205 father Caesar, vouchsafe him your presence as he Et magno nobis ore sonandus eris. . goes j for one of you is, and one will be, a god. Lo! Consistes, aciemque meis hortabere verbIs; I prophesy: victory shall be thine, and I shall duly o desint animis De mea verba tuis ! pay my votive song, and owe thee loud utterance of Tergaque Parthorum Romanaque pectora dicam, praise. Thou wilt stand and in my own words exhort . Telaque, ab averso quae iacit hostis equ~.. 210 thy warriors; 0 let not my words fan short of thy Qui fugis ut vineas, quid vieto, Parthe, relmqUls ? valour. I shall tell of Parthian backs and Roman Parthe malum iam nunc Mars tuus omen habet. breasts, and of the weapons which the foe shoots Ergo erit'illa dies, qua tu, pulcherrime rerum, from his retreating steed. Thou who dost flee to Quattuor in niveis aureus ibis equis. conquer, what, 0 Parthian, dost thou leave the conquered r 4. Already, 0 Parthian, hath thy war­ 191, 192 animis MSS: aunis BO. fare an evil omen. Therefore that day shall dawn whereon thou, fairest of beings, shalt ride all golden 1 i.e. being & Caesar hiB first essa.y in warfare should bring behind four snow-white steeds. Chieftains shan go victory. I A title which conferred the right to ride a.t the head of the f, i.t.. if flight is your only mea.ns of gaining victory, what a.nnual procession of the Equites. is to a.re 8 Actually he only ha.d one, Luciu~ Caesa.r; by the "sire" there left you to do when you defeated? Augustu!!, who had a.dopted them, iB perhaps meant. '7 .6 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I

Ibunt ante duces tmerati colla eaten is, 215 before thee, their necks laden with chains, lest they Ne possint tuti, qua prius, esse fuga. be able to save themselves by the flight they used Spectahunt laeti invenes mixtaeque puellae, before. Joyous youths shall look on and maidens Diff'undetque animos omnibus ista dies. with them, and that day shall make all hearts o'er­ Atque aUqua ex illis cum regum nomina quaeret, Row. And when some girl among them asks the Quae loca, qui montes, quaeve ferantur aquae, 220 names of the monarchs, or what places, what Omnia responde, nee tantum siqna rogabit; mountains, what rivers are borne along, do you Et quae nescieris, ut bene nota refer. answer everything, nor only if she ask you; ay, even Hie est Euphrates, praecinctus arundine frontem : if you know not, tell her as if you knew it well. Cui coma dependet cacrula, Tigris erit. That is Euphrates, his forehead fringed with reeds; he Hos facito Armenios; haec est Danaeia Persis: 225 with the dark blue locks down-hanging will be Tigris Urbs in Achaemeniis vallibus ista fuit. These, say, are Armenians, here is Persia, sprung Ille vel ilIe, duces; et erunt quae nomina dieas, from Danae j 1 that was a city in the Achaemenian Si potel'is, vere, si minus, apta tam en. valleys, That one, or that, are chieftains; and you will have names to give them, correct, if you can, Dant etiam positis aditum convivia mensis : but if not, yet names that are fitting. Est aliquid praeter vina, quod inde pews. 230 Banquets too give openings, when the tables are Saepe Hlic positi teneris adducta laeertis set; somewhat beside wine may you find there. Purpureus Bacchi cornua pressit Amor : Often has bright-hued Love with soft arms drawn to Vinaque cum bibulas sparscl'e Cupidinis alas, him and embraced the horns of Bacchus as he there Permanet et capto stat gravis ille loco. reclined: and when wine has sprinkled Cupid's HIe quidem pennas velociter excutit udas : 235 thirsty wings, he abides and stands 0' erburdened, Sed tamen et spargi pectus amore nocet. where he has taken his place. He indeed quickly Vina parant animos faciuntque caloribus aptos: shakes out his dripping plumes, yet does it hurt even Cura fugit multo diluiturque mero. to be sprinkled on the breast with love. Wine gives Tunc veniunt risus, tum pauper cornua sumit, courage and makes men apt for passion; care flees Tum dolor et curae rugaque frontis abit. 240 and is drowned in much wine. Then laughter Tunc aperit mentes aevo rarissima nostro comes, then even the poor find vigour,l then sorrow Sirnplidtas, artes excutiente deo. and care and the wrinkles of the brow depart. Then HUe saepe animos iuvenum rapuere puellae, simplicity, most rare in our age, lays bare the mind, Et Venus in vinis ignis in igne fuit. when the god dispels all craftiness. At such time 225 fa,cito Heinsius: facit 0: facis R. often have women bewitched the minds of men,

1 Through Perses, son of Perseus and Andromeda. Ovid and Venus in the wine has heen fire in fire. Trllst seems to have some picture in miud: Cupid is coaxing Bacchus, but the wine mu.kes his wings wet, and he is forced to stop. I A borrowing from Horace, Odes, 3. 21, 18. 29 .8 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I

Hic tu fsl1ad nimium ne crede lucernae: 245 not at such a time o' ermuch to the treacherous Indicio forroae noxque merumque nocent. Lamp; darkness and drink impair your judgment of Luce deas caeloque Paris spectavit aperto, beauty, It was in heaven's light unveiled that Paris beheld the goddesses, when he said to Venus, CUID dixit Veneri "vincis utramqlie, Venus," Nocte latent mendae. vitioque ignoscitur omni, "Venus, thou dost surpass the other two," By Horaque formosam quamlibet iUa facit. 2.50 night are blemishes hid, and every fault is forgiven: Consule de gemmis, de tincta murice lana, that hour makes any woman fair. Consult the Consule de facie corporibusque diem. daylight for jewels, for wool dyed in purple, consult it too for the face and bodily form. Quid tibi femineos coetus venatibus I\ptos Why should I recount to you all the gatherings Enumerem? numero cedet harena meo. of women, fit occasions for hunting? the sand would Quid referam Baias praetextaque Htora Baiis, 255 yield to my counting. Why tell of Baiae and Baiae's Et quae de calido sulpure furnat, aquam? fringe of shore, and the water that smokes with hot Hine aliquis vulnns referens in pectore dixit sulphur? Someone came hence with a wound in his " N on haec, ut fama est, nnda sal u bris erat." heart, and said: "Those waters were not, as fame Ecce suburbanae templum nemorale Dianae reports them, healthy." Lo! hard by the city is Dian's Partaque per gladios regna nocente manu: 260 woodland _shrine,l and the realm won by the sword IlIa quod est virgo, quod tela Cupidinis odit, and guilty hand: because she is a maid and hates the Multa dedit populo vulnera, multa dabit. darts of Cupid, she has given and will give to our people many a wound. Hactenus, unde legas quod ames, ubi retia ponas, So far Thalia, borne upon unequal wheels,2 teaches Praecipit imparibus vecta Thalia rotis. you where to select an object for your love, and where Nunc tibi, quae placuit, quas sit capienda'per artes, 265 to spread your nets. Now do I essay a task of pre­ Dicere praecipuae molior artis opus. eminent skill, to tell you by what arts to catch her Quisquis ubique, viri, docHes advertite mentes, whom you have chosen. Yemen, whoever, wherever Pollicitisque favens, vulgus, adestc mds. ye may be, attend with docile minds; and, common Prima tuae menti veniat fiducia, eunctas folk, lend favouring presence to my enterprise. Posse capi; capies, tu modo tende plagas. 270 First let assurance come to your minds, that all Vere prius volueres taeeant, aestate cieadae, women can be caught; spread but your nets and Maenalius lepori det sua terga canis, you will catch them. Sooner would birds be silent in spring, or grasshoppers in summer, or the hound 255 Baiis 0: velis R: Banlis Heinsius. of Maenalus flee before the hare than a woman 269 cunctas MSS.: formae R: ferma Housman. bis predecessor. This grove, too, was much resorted to by 1 'I'he shrine of Dia.na. Nemorensis by the lake of Nemi, nea.r lovers. Rome, where the priest WIU a runaway slave who had slain II i.e. of the elegiac couplet. 3 1 30 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I

Femina quam iuveni blande temptata repugnet : persuasively wooed resist a lover: nay, even she, Haec quoque, quam poteris credere nolle, volet. whom you will think cruel, will be kind. And as Utque viro furtiva venus, sic grata puellae : 275 stolen love is pleasant to a man, so is it also to a Vir male dissimulat: tectius ilia cupit. woman; the man dissembles badly: she conceals Conveniat maribus, nequam nos ante rogemus, desire better. Did it suit us males not to ask any Femina iam partes victa rogantis agat. woman first, the woman, already won, would play the Mollibus in pratis admugit femina tauro : asker. In soft meads the heifer lows to the bull, the Femina cornipedi semper adhinnit equo. 280 mare always whinnies to the horn-footed steed. In Parciar in nobis nec tam furiosa libido: us desire is weaker and not so frantic: the manly Legitimum finem flamma virilis habet. flame knows a lawful bound. Why should I speak Byblida quid referam, vetito quae fratris amore of Byblis, who burnt with a forbidden passion for her Arsit et est Iaqueo fortiter ulta nefas? brother,! and with a rope's noose bravely atoned her Myrrha patrern, sed non qua filia debet, amavit, 285 sin? M yrrha loved her father, but not as a daughter Et nunc obducto cortice pressa latet: should, and now lies imprisoned in the confining nUllS lacrimis, quas arbore fundit adora, bark: with her tears, poured forth from the Unguimur, et dominae nomina gutta tenet. fragrant tree, are we anointed: the drops preserve Forte sub umbrosis nemorosae vallibus ldae their mistress' name. Once in the shady vales of Candidus, al'menti gloria, taurus erat, 290 woody Ida there was a white bull, the glory of the Signatus tenui media inter cornua nigro : herd; marked was he by a spot of black between his Una fuit labes, cetera lactis erant. horns; that was the only blemish, the rest was IlIum Gnosiadesque Cydoneaeque iuvencae white as milk. Him would the Gnosian and Cy­ Optarunt tergo sustinuisse suo. donian heifers fain have borne upon their backs: Pasiphae fieri gaudebat adultera. tauri; 205 Pasiphae rejoiced to become the leman of a buB, and Invida formosas oderat illa boves. regarded with envious hate the comely cows. 'Yell Nota cano: non hoc, centum quae sustinet urbes, known is that I sing of: Crete, that holds a hundred Quamvis sit mendax, Creta negare potest. cities, cannot deny this, liar though she be. 2 Her­ Ipsa novas frondes et prata tenerrima tauro self she is said to have plucked new leaves and Fertur inadsueta subsecuisse manu. 300 tenderest meadow-grass for the hull with unaccus­ It comes armentis, nee ituram cura moratur tomed hand. She goes in company with the herds, Coniugis, et Minos a hove victus erato nor does thought of her lord delay her going, and a bull triumphed over Minos. What gain to thee,

1 Ca.unus, for whom see Metamorphoses, 9. 453. cf. Epimenides, quoted in St. Pa.ul's Ep. to Titus, i. 12. I Crete ha.d a bad reputation in the ancient world for lying; Kp~'TU aft 1ffi/U'TIlI. 32 33 IJAHEnllTHMION KPHTHI ElISI\/OSHKH OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I Quo tibi, Pasiphae, pretiosas sumel'e vestes ? Pasiphae, to wear thy purple gowns I that lover of Ille tUllS nullas sentit adulter opes. thine reeks not of any splendour. What dost thou Quid tibi cum speculo, montana armenta petenti ? 306 with a mirror, seeking the herds upon the mountains? Quid totiens positas fingis, inepta, comas? Why so oft, foolish one, dost thou dress thy braided Crede tamen specula, quod te negst esse iuvencam. hair? Nay, believe thy mirror when it tens thee Quam cuperes fronti cornua nata tuae ! thou art no heifer. How hadst thou wished that Sive placet Minos, nullns quaeratur adulter : horns grew on thy brow! If 'tis Minos pleases thee, Sive virum mavis fallere, falIe viro I 310 seek no adulterer; or if thou wilt deceive thy man, with In nemus et Baltns thalamo regina relicto a man deceive him! Leaving her bower the queen Fertur, ut Aonin concita Baccha deo. hies her to the woods and glens, like a Bacchanal A, quotiens vaccaro vultn spectavit iniquo, sped by the Aonian god. Ah, how of~ did she look Et dixit It domino cur placet ista meo ? askance upon a cow, and say, "Why does she find Aspice, ut ante ipsum teneris exultet in herbis : 315 favour with my lord? See how she sports before Nee dubito, quin se stulta decere putet." him on the tender grass: nor doubt I but the Dixit, et ingenti iamdudum de grege duci foolish thing imagines she is comely." She spoke, Iussit et inmeritam sub iuga curva trahi, and straightway ordered her to be taken from the Ant cad ere ante aras commentaque sacra coegit, mighty herd, and undesel'Ving to he dragged Et tenuit laeta paelicis exta manu. 320 beneath the curving yoke, or forced her to fall Paelicibus quotiens placavit numina caesis, before the altar in a feigned sacrifice, and held in Atque ait, exta tenens" ite, placete meo ! .. exultant hands her rival's entrails. How oft with Et modo se Europen fieri, modo postulat 10, her rivals' bodies did she appease the gods, and say, Altera quod bos est, altera vecta bove. as she held their entrails, "Now go and find favour Hanc tamen implevit, vacca deceptus acerna, 325 with my lord! " And now she craves to be Europa Dux gregis, et partu proditus auctor erato and now to be 10, for the one was a cow, and the Cressa Thyesteo si se abstinuisset amore, other was borne by a cow's mate. Her none the less CEt quantum est, nni posse placere viro !) did the leader of the herd make pregnant, deceived Non medium rupisset iter, curruque retorto by a cow of.mllple-wood, and by her offspring was. the Auroram versis Phoebus .adisset equis. 330 sire betrayed. Had the Cretan woman 1 abstamed Filia purpureos Niso furata capillos from love for Thyestes (how great a boon to be able Pube premit rabidos inguinibusque canes. to please one man alone J), Phoebus had not broken off in mid-career, and wresting his car about turned 1. Aerope wife of Atreus, brother of Thyestes. The crimes that followed h~r adultery made the sun hide his face from Mycenae. round his steeds to face the dawn. From Nisus his daughter:a stole the purple hairs, and now holds II Scylla; who is here confused with the monster of that namel as alao by Virgil, l!.~cl. vi. 74. raving hounds within her womb and loins. The son of 34 35 OVID TIlE ART OF LOV~:: I Qui Martern terra, Neptunum effugit in andis, Atreus, who escaped Mars on land and Neptune on Coniugis Atrides victima dira fnit. the deep, was the dire victim of his wife. Who has Cui non defleta est Ephyraeae fIaroma Creiisae, 335 not bewailed the flames of Creusa of Ephyre, and the Et neee natorum sanguinolenta parens? mother stained with her children's blood? Phoenix, Flevit Amyntorides per inania lumina Phoenix: son of Amyntor, shed tears from empty eyes; ye Hippolytum pavidi diripuistis equi. frightened horses, ye tore Hippolytus in pieces. Quid fodis inmeritis, Phineu, sua lumina natis? Why piercest thou, 0 Phineus, the eyes of thine • Poena reversura est in caput ista tuum. 340 innocent sons? 1 upon thine own head will the Omnia feroines sunt ista libidine mota; punishment fall. AU those crimes were prompted by Aeriol' est nostra, plusque furoris habet. women's lust; keener is it than ours, and has more' Ergo age, ne dubita CUllctas sperare puellas j of madness. Come then, doubt not that you may Vix erit e multis quae neget una tibi. win all women; scarce one out of many will there Quae dant quaeque negant, gaudent tamen esse rogatae : be to say you nay. And, grant they or deny, yet Ut iam fallaris, tuta repulsa tun est. 346 are they pleased to have been asked: suppose, say, you Sed cur fallarls, cum sit nova grata voluptas are mistaken, your rejection brings no danger. But Et capiant animos plus aliena suis ? why should you be mistaken, since' tis new delights Fertilior seges est alienis semper in agris, that win welcome, and what is not ours charms more Vicinumque pecus grandius uber habet. 350 than our own? In fields not ours the crops are ever more bounteous, and the neighbouring herd has Sed prius ancillam captandae nosse puellae richer udders. Cura sit: accessus molliet ilIa tuos. But take care first to know the handmaid 2 of the Proxima consiliis dominae sit ut ilia, videto, woman you would win; she will make your approach Neve parum tacitis conseia fida iocis. easy. See that she be nearest the counsels of her I-Jane tu pollicitis, hanc tu corrumpe rogando : 355 mistress, and one who may be trusted with the Quod petis, ex faeili, si volet illa, feres. secret of your stolen sport. Corrupt her with IlIa leget tempus (medici quoque tempora servant) promises, corrupt her with prayers; if she be willing, Quo facilis dominae mens sit et apta capL you will gain your end with ease. She will choose Mens erit apm capi tum, cum laetissima rerum a. time (physicians also observe times) when her Ut seges in pingui luxuriabit humo. 300 mistress is in an easy mood and apt for winning. Pectora dum gaudent nee sunt adstricta do]ore, Then will her mind be apt for winning when in the Ipsa patent, blanda tum subit arte Venus. fulness of joy she grows wanton like the corn crop in a rich soil. 8 When hearts are glad, and not fast bound by grief, then do they lie open, and Venus steals in 1 They were falsely accused to Phineus by their stepmother Idaea. I luxurio is used both of crops which grow very vigorously I Of. AmOTe3, 1. 11,2.8. M.nd of persons who a.re inclined to ,j run riot." 36 37 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I

Tum, cum tristis erat, defensa est Ilios armis: with persuasive art. Hios, when sad, was defended Militibus gravidum Iaeta recepit eq~um. . by its hosts; rejoicing, it received the warrior­ Tum quoque temptanda est, cum paehce laesa doleblt : burdened horse. Then too may she be tried, when Tum facies opera, ne sit inuIta, tua. 366 she grieves beneath a rival's smart; see then that Hane matutinos pectens ancilla capillos hy your efforts she lack not vengeance. Let hel' I ncitet, et velo remigis addat opem, maid incite her, as she combs her tresses in the Et secum tenui suspirans murmure dieat morning, and add the help of an oarsman to the HAt, puto, non poteris ipsa referre vicem." 370 sail, and let her say, sighing softly to herself, H But, Tum de te narret, tum perslladentia verba methinks, you will not be able to pay him back Addat, et insano iuret amore mori. yourself." 1 Then let her speak of you, then' add Sed propera, ne vela cadant auraeque residant: persuasive words, and swear that you are dying of Ut fragilis glades, interit ira mora. frantic love. But be speedy, lest the sails sink and Quaeris, an hane ipsam prosit violare minisham? 375 the breezes fail: like brittle ice, so perishes anger Talilms admissis alea grandis inest. by delaying. You wi11 ask, whether it profits to Haec a concubitu fit sedula, tardior illa; seduce the maid herself; such an enterprise involves Haec dominae munus te parat, ilia sibi. much hazard. An intrigue makes one more eager, Casus in eventu est: Heet hie indulgeat ausis, another more sluggish j this one wins you for her Consilium tamen est abstinuisse meum. 380 mistress, that one for herself. It may turn out well or Non ego per praeceps et acuta cacumina vad~m, ill; though the issue favour the hazard, yet my counsel N ec iuvenum quisquam me duce captus erlt. is, abstain. I am not the man to go by precipitous Si tamen illa tibi, dum dat recipitque tabeUas, paths and rocky heights; no youth under my ]eader~ Corpore, non tantum sedulitate placet, ship will be captured. Yet while she gives and Fac domina potiare prius, comes illa sequatur: 385 takes your letters, should her figure and n?t her Non tibi ab ancilla est incipienda venus. services alone find favour, see that you gam the Hoc unum moneo, siquid modo creditur arti, mistress first, and let the servant follow: do not Nee mea dicta rapax per mare ventus agit : begin your wooing with the maid. This only ~o J Aut non temptaris, aut perfice; tollitur index, urge (if you but trust my art, and the rapacIOus Cum semel in partem criminis ipsa venit. 390 breeze blows not mv words across the sea): either Non avis utiliter viscatis ,effugit alis ; make no venture or be successful; the informer Non bene de laxis cassibus exit aper. vanishes when once she shares the guilt. The bird 370 at Lachmann: ut RO: poleris O! potera!'! R. cannot make good its escape when once its wings il73 auraeque Heinsins: iraeque MBS. are limed; the boar issues not easily from the 380 non tempta.ris Heindus I non tempta!lses 0: non quam temptas R. 1 i.t. your husband has been unfaithful; what a pity you could not pa.y him ba.ck in hi' own coin I 8 3 39 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I Saucins arrepto piscis teneatur ab hamo : entangling nets. Let the fish be held that is Perprime temptatam, nee nisi victor abi. wounded from seizing the hook; once you assail TUDc neque te prodet communi noxia culpa, 395 her, press the attack, nor depart unless victorious. Factaque eront dominae dictaque nota tiLi. Then, sharing a common guilt, she will not betray Sed bene eeletur: bene si celabitur index, you, you will know her mistress' words and deeds. Notitiae suberit semper arnica tuae. But keep her secret well; if the informer's secret be well kept, she will always gladly foster your intimacy. Tempora qui solis operosa colentibus arva, He errs who thinks that seasons are to be marked FalHtur, et nautis aspicienda putat ; 400 by sailors only, and by those who till the toilsome Nee semper credenda ceres fallacibus arvis, fields; not always must the corn he entrusted to the Nee semper viridi concava puppis aquae, treacherous fields, nor always the hollow bark to Nee teneras semper tutUID captare puellas: the green main, nor always is it safe to angle for Saepe dato melius tempore tiet idem. young girls; the same thing often goes better at Sive dies suberit natalis, sive Kalendae, 405 the appointed season. Whether it is her birthday, or Quas Venerem Marti continuasse iuvat, the Kalends which deHght to join Venus to Mars,! Sive erit ornatus non ut fuit ante sigillis, or whether the Circus is adorned not, as before, by Sed regum positas Circus habebit opes, images, but holds the wealth of kings displayed, Differ opus: tunc tristis hierns, tunc Pliades instant, put off your attempt: the storm is lowering then, Tunc tener aequorea mergitur Haedus aqua j 410 and the Pleiads threaten, the tender Kid is merged Tunc bene desinitur: tunc siquis creditur alto, in the watery waves: then it is wise to stop; then, Vix tenuit lacerae naufraga membra ratis. if any entrusts him to the deep, scarce has he saved Tu Hcet incipias qua flebilis Allia luce his torn bark's shattered wreck. You may begin on V ulnerilms LatHs sanguinolenta fluit, the day on which woeful Allia flows stained with the Quaque die redeunt, rebus minus apta gerendis, 415 blood of Latian wounds,2 or on that day, less fit for Cultn Palaestino septima festa Syro. business, whereon returns the seventh-day feast that Magna SlIpcl'stitio tibi sit natalis amicae: the Syrian of Palestine observes. But hold in awful Quaque aliquid dandum est, ilia sit atra dies. dread your lady·. birthday; let that be • black day whereon a present must be given. Shun it as you 1 Do not press your suit on days when it ie cllst,omary to give presents; too much will be expected of you, Such days were there was probably a display of gifts for sale in the Circus birthda.ys, April 1st, which was the feast of Venus, and there~ Maximus; when there wa.s an unusually costly display, a.nd fore 8. festival popular with the uemi·mondaine, though we are not the usua.lshow of trivialities (H Bigilla,") the lover would not told elsewhere that it was a day for presents (the more usual be well advised to keep away. On the other hand, he may interpretation is March lat, the feast of the Matronalia, when make an appearance when the shops &re shut on the 0/ (.lies gifts were certainly given), a.nd the days referred to in 11. 407-8 nefa,sti " (11. 413-6), and there can be no idea of buying. which, according to Brandt, are those of the Saturnalia, when • July 18th. 40 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I Cum bene vitaris, tamen auferet; invenit &l'tem may, yet she will carry off' the spoil; a woman Femina, qua cupidi carpat amantis opes. 420 knows the way to fleece an eager lover of his wealth. Institor ad dominam veniet discinctus emacem, A lewd pedlar will come to your mistress when in Expediet merees teque sedente suas : buying mood, and will spread his wares before her, Quas illa, inspicias, sapere ut videare, rogabit: while you sit by in misery; and she, that you may fancy Oscula deinde dabit; deinde rogauit, emas. yourself a judge, will ask you to inspect them; then Hoc fore contentam multos -iurabit ill annos, 425 she will kiss you; then she will ask you to buy. She Nunc opus esse sibi, nunc bene dicet emi. will swear that this will satisfy her for many a long Si non esse domi, quos des, causabere nummos, year, that she needs it now, that now is a good Litters poscetur-ne dididsse iuvet. time to buy it. If you ,make excuse that you have Quid, quasi natali cum poscit munera Hbo, not the cash at home she will ask for a note of hand Et quot.iens opus est, nascitur illa sibi ? 430 -lest you should be glad you ever learned to write. Quid, cum mendaci damno maestissima plorat, What, when she claims a gift to buy, as she says, a Elapsusque cava 6ngitur aure lapis? birthday cake, and has a birthday as often as she Multa rogaot utenda dari, data reddere nolunt: requires? What when she weeps for a feigned loss Perdis, et in damno gratia nulla tuo. in deepest sorrow, and pretends a jewel has slipped Non mihi, sacrilegas meretricum ut persequar artes, 435 from the shell of her ear? Many things do they Cum totidem linguis sint satis ora decem. beg to borrow, but, once borrowed, they will not give them back: you have lost them, but gain no credit for your loss. Ten mouths and as many tongues Cera vadum temptet, rasis infusa tabellis : would not suffice me to tell the unholy ruses of'the Cera tuae primum nuntia mentis eat. Blanditias ferat ilia tuas imitataque amantum fair. Let wax, spread on smooth tablets, attempt the Verba j nee exiguas, quisquis es. adde preces. 440 crossing j let wax go first to show your mind. Let Hectora donavit Priamo prece motus Achilles; that carry your flatteries and words that play the Flectitur iratus voce rogante deus. lover; and, whoever you are, add earnest entreaties. Promittas facito: quid enim promittere laedit? Entreaty moved Achilles to give Hector back to Pollicitis dives quilibet esse potest. Priam; a god when angry is moved by the voice of Spes tenet in tempus, semel est si credita, Ion gum : 445 prayer. See that you promise: what harm is there IlIa quidem fallax, sed tamen apta dea est. in promises? In promises anyone can be rich. Hope, Si dederis aliquid, poteris ratione relinqui : once conceived, endures for long; a treacherous Prneteritum tulerit, perdideritque nihil. goddess is she, but a timely one. Once you have given, you may be abandoned with good reason: your 438 nunti. 0: conacia. MSS. gift is gone, she will have taken it and lost nothing her- 43 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I At quod non dederis, semper videare daturus: self. But what you have not given you may seem Sic dominum sterilis saepe fefellit ager : 450 always on the point of giving: thus many a time has a Sic, ne perdiderit., non cessat perdere IUBor, harren field deceived its owner; thus, lest he shall Et revocat cupidas alea sacpe manus. have lost, the gambler ceases not to lose, and often do Hoc opus, hie labor est, primo sine munere iungi j the dice recall his greedy hand". .. Herein the task, Ne dederit gratis quae dedit, usque dahit. herein the toil .. l_to win her favour with no preced­ Ergo eat et blandis peraretur littera verbis, 455 ing gift; lest what she has given be given for nothing, Exploretque animos, primaque temptet iter. she will give yet more. Therefore let a Jetter speed, Littera Cydippen porno perlata fefellit, traced with persuasive words, and explore her feel. Insciaque est verbis capta puella sllis. ings, and be the first to try the path. A letter carried in an apple betrayed Cydippe, and the maid Disce bonns artes, moneo, Romana inventus, was deceived unawares by her own words.2 Non tantum trepidos ut tueare reDS; 460 Learn nohle arts, I counsel you, young men of Quam populus iudexque gravis lectusque senatus, Rome, not only that you may defend trembling Tam dabit eloquio vieta puella manus. clients: a woman, no less than populace, grave judge 01' Sed lateant vires, nec sis in fronte disertus; chosen senate, will surrender, defeated, to eloquence. Effugiant voces verba molesta tuae. But hide your powers, nor put on a learned brow; let Quia, nisi mentis inops, tenerae declamat amicae? 465 your pleading avoid troublesome words. Who, save Saere val ens odii littera causa fuit. an idiot, would declaim to his tender sweetheart? Sit tibi credibilis sermo consuetaque verba, often has a letter been a potent cause of hate.3 Your Blanda tamen, praesens ut videare loqui. language should inspire trust and your words be Si non accipiet scriptum, inlecturnque rernittet, familiar, yet coaxing too, so that you seem to be Lecturam spera, propositumque tene. 470 speaking in her presence, If she does not receive Tempore difficiles veniunt ad aratra iuvenci, your message and sends it back unread, hope that Tempore lenta pati frena docentur equi : one day she will read, and hold to your purpose. In Ferreus adsiduo consumitur anulus usu, time refractory oxen come to the plough, in time Interit adsidua vomer aduneus humo. horses are taught to bear the pliant reins; an iron Quid magis est saxo durum, quid moIlius nnda ? 476 ring is worn by constant use, a curved share wastes Dura tamen molJi saxa cavantur aqua. by constant ploughing of the ground. What is Penelopen ipsam, persta modo, tempore vinces : harder than rock, what softer than water? vet soft Capta vides sera Pergama, capta tamen. water hol1ows out hard rock. Only perseve;e ; you will overcome Penelope herself; late, as you see, did Pergamus fall, yet fall it did. Suppose she has 1 He is quoting from Virgil, Aen. vi. 129. to marry Acontius"; Cydippe read it aloud, and so was bOllntl 3 AcontiulI, her lover, wrote on an a.pple, I< I swear by Diana by the vow. a i,e. if written in declamatory style. 44 45 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I Legerit, et nolit rescribere? cogere noli : read, but will not write back: compel her. not; only see Tn modo blanditias fae legat usque tuas. 4HO that she is ever reading your flatteries. She who has Quae voluit legisse, volet rescribere lectis: consented to read will consent to answer what she Per numeros venient ista gradusque SUDS. has read; that will come by its own stages and Forsitan et primo veniet tibi littera tristis, degrees. Perhaps even an angry letter will first Quaeque roget, ne se sollicitare velis. come to you, asking you to be pleased not to vex Quod rogat ilia, timet; quod non rogat, optat, ut instes; her. What she asks, she fears; what she does not ask, she desires-that you will continue; press on, InsequereJ et voti postmodo compos eris. 486 then, and soon you will have gained your wish. Interea sive ills toro resupina feretur, Meanwhile, whether she be borne reclining on her Lecticam dominae dissimulanter adi, cushions, approach your mistress' litter in dissem­ Neve aliquis verbis odiosas offerat auris, bling fashion, and lest someone intrude hateful ears Quam potes ambiguis ca1lidus abde notis. 490 to your words; bide them, so far as you may, in Seu pedibus vacuis illi spatiosa teretu! cunning ambiguities; or whether the spacious Porticus, hie soeias tu quoque iunge moras: colonnade be trodden by her leisurely feet, do you Et modo-praecedas facito, modo terga sequaris, also make friendly dalliance there j and contrive now Et modo festines, et modo lentus eas : to go before her, now to foHow behind, now hurry, Nee tibi de mediis aliquot transire columnas 495 now go slowly. Neither hesitate to slip past some Sit pudor, aut lateri continuasse latus; of the columns that part you, nor to join your side Nee sine te curvo sed eat speciosa theatro : to hers; nor let her sit in the round theatre, her fair Quod spectes, umeris adferet illa suis. looks by you unheeded: something worth looking at Illam respicias, illam mirere licebit: she will bring on her shoulders. On her you may Multa supercilio, multa loquare notis. 500 turn your looks, her you may admire: much let your Et plaudas, aliquam mimo saltante puellam : eyebrows, much let your gestures say. Applaud when Et faveas illi, quisquis agatur amans. an actor portrays some woman in his dance, and favour Cum surgit, surges; donee sedet illa, sedebis ; whoever be the lover that is played. When she Arbitrio dominae tempora perde tuae. rises you will rise; while she sits you will sit too; waste time at your mistress' will. Sed tibi nee ferro placeat torquere capillos, 505 But take no pleasure in curling your hair with the Nec tua mordaci pumice crura teras. iron, or in scraping your legs with biting pumice­ Ista iube faeiant, quorum Cybelei'a mater stone. Bid them do that by whom mother Cybele is Concinitur Phrygiis exululata modis. sung in howling chorus of Phrygian measures. An Fanua viros neglecta decet; Minoida Theseus uncared-for beauty is becoming to men; Theseus Abstulit, a nulla tempora comptus aCll. lHO carried off' Minos' daughter, though no clasp decked 46 47 OVID THE ART OF l.OVE: I Hippolytum Phaedra, nee erat bene cultus, amavit; his temples. Ph.edr.loved Hippolytus, n01 yd was Cura deae silvis aptus Adonis erato he a dandy' Adonis born to the woodland, was a Munditie placeant, fuscentur corpora Campo: goddess' car~. Let your person please by cleanliness, Sit bene conveniens et sine labe toga: and be made swarthy by the Campus; let your toga Lingula ne ruget, careant rubigine dentes, 616 6t, and be spotless; do not let' your shoe-strap be wrinkled; let your teeth be clear of rust, and your Nee vagus in laxa pes tibi pelle nate~: Nee male deformet rigidos tonsura capillos: foot not float about, lost in too large a shoe; nor let your stubborn locks be spoilt by bad cutting; let Sit coma, sit doeta barba resecta ,manu. Et nihil emineant, et sint sine sordlbus ungues: hair and beard be dressed by a skilled hand. Do Inque cava nullns stet tibi nare pilus. 620 not let your nails project, and let them !'e free of dj~t; Nee male odorati sit tristis anhelitus oris: nor let any hair be in the hollow of your nostnls. Nee laedat naris virque paterque greg-is. Let not the breath of your mouth be SOUl' and Cetera Iascivae faciant, concede, pueHae, unpleasing, nor let the lord and master of the Et siquis male vir quaerit habere virum. herd offend the nose. All else let wanton women practise, and such men as basely seek to please a Ecce snum vatem Libel' vocat; hie quoque amantes man. Adiuvat, et fiammae, qua calet ipse, favet. 526 Lo! Liber summons his bard; he too belps lovers, Gnosis in ignatis amens errabat harenis, and favours the flame wherewith he burns himselt: Qua brevis aequoreis Dia feritur aquis. The Gnosian maid wandered distra<;tedly on the Utque erat e somno tunica velata recincta, unknown sand where little Dis is lashed by the sea waves.l Just she came from sleep, clad in an un­ Nuda pedem, croceas inreligata comas, 530 ~s Thesea crudelem surdas clamabat ad undns, girt tunic, barefoot, with yellow hair unhoun~, she Indigno teneras imbre rignnte genns. cried upon Theseus over the deaf waters, wIllIe an Clamabat, flebatque simul, sed utrumque decebat; innocent shower bedewed her tender cheeks. She Non facta est lacrimis turpior ilia suis. c1amoured and wept together, but both became her; Iamque iterum tundens mollissima pectora palm is 535 nor was she made less comely by her tears. Again she beats her soft bosom with her hands, and " Perfidus me ahiit; quid mihi fiet ? It ait. cries, n He is gone, the faithless one; what a Quid mihi 6et? 11 ait: sonuerunt cymbal a toto Littore, et adtonita tympana pulsa manu. will become of me?" U What will become of me?" she cries: then o'er all the shore cymbals 513 munditie R: munditia.e MES. . resounded and drums beaten by frenzied hands. 515 Ungula ne ruget Palmer (cf. iii. 444): lingua. ne rlgeat R (Unguam 0): lingnam ne pigeat H01tsman. . .• . 1 Ariadne was the da.ughter af M iuas, King of Crete; Dia 518 dacta Merkel (from a MS.): tnta RO; BOlta. Hemnus: tl'lt,a, HOUIJman. wa.s the old name of the island of N axas. 49 c OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I

Excidit ilia metu, rupitque novissima verba ; She fain led for fearJ and broke off' her latest words; Nullus in exanimi corpore sanguis erat. 540 no blood was there in her lifeless frame. Lo ! Ecce Mimallonides sparsis in terga capillis : Bacchanals 1 with tresses streaming behind them, 10! Ecce leves satyri, praevia turba dei: wanton Satyrs, the god's forerunning band; 10! Ebrins, ecce, senex pando Silenus aseHo drunken old Silenus scarce sits his crookbacked ass, Vix sedet, et pressas continet ante iuhas. and leaning clings to the mane before him. While Dum sequitur Bacchas, Bacchae fugiuntque petuntque he pursues the Bacchanals, and the Bacchanals flee Quadrupedem ferula dum malus urget eques, 546 and again attack, and while the ullskilful horseman In caput aurito cecidit delapsus asello : urges his beast with a rod, he falls off the long-eared Clamarunt sstyri "surge age, surge, pater." ass and topples head-foremost and the Satyrs cry J lam deus in curru, quem summum texerat uvis, uCome, get up, father, get up!" And now on his Tigrihus adiunctis aurea lora dahat : 550 car, that he had covered with grape-clusters, the Et color et Theseus et vox ahiere puellae : god was giving the golden reins to his yoked tigers: Terque fugam petiit, terque retenta metll est. voice, colour-and Theseus, all were gone from the Horruit, ut sterilcs agitat quns ventus aristas, girl; thrice did she essay fljght, thrice did fear Ut levis in madida canna palude tremit. restrain her. She shuddered, as when dry stalks are Cui deus It en, adsurn tibi cura fidelior" inquit: 555 shaken by the wind, as when the light rush trembles H Pone metum: Bacchi, Gnosias, uxor eris. in the watery marsh. "Lo, here am I," said the Munus habe caelum j caelo spectabere sidus j god to her, "a more faithful lover; have no fear, Saepe reget dubiam Cressa Corona ratem." Gnosian maid, thou shalt be the spouse of' Bacchus. Dixit, et e curru, ne tigres illa timeret, For thy gift take the sky j as a star in the sky thou Desilit; inposito cessit harena pede: 560 shalt be gazed at; the Cretan Crown shall often lmplicitamque sinu (neque enirn pugnare valebat) guide the doubtful bark. ,. He spoke, and lest she Abstulit; in faclli est omnia posse deo. shoul.d fear the tigers leapt down from the chariot; Pars II Hymenaee" canunt, pars clamant Ruhion the sand gave place to his alighting foot; and H euhoe I " clasping her to his bosom (for she had no strength Sic coeunt sacro nupta deusque toro. to fight) he bore her away; easy is it for a god to be all-powerful. Some chant "Hail, H ymenaeus ! ., Ergo ubi contigerint positi tibi munera Bacchi, 5M some shout "Ruhoe!" to the Euhian i 2 50 do the Atque erit in socii femina parte tori, bride and the god meet on the sacred couch. N ycteliumque patrern nocturnaque sacra precare, Therefore when the bounty of Bacchus set before Ne iubeant capiti vina nocere tuo. you falls to your lot, and a woman shares your con­ 544 ante Merkel: arte MBB. vivial couch, beseech the Nyctelian 3 sire and the spirits of the night that they bid not the wines to 1 The name in the text, mol'''' commonly Mimallonel:l, was the Macedonian name for them. 8 i ... god of nocturna.l rites and orgies. I The epithet of Bacchus derived from the cry of the B&oohanals. 5' 50 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I

Hie tibi multa Heet sermone latentia tecto hurt your head. Here may you say many things lurk. Dicere, quae dici sentiat ilIa sibi : 570 iug in covered speech, so that she may feel they are Blanditiasque leves tenui perscribere VillO, said to her, and you may trace light flatteries in thin Ut dominam in mensa se legat ilIa tuarn : characters of wine, that on the table she may read Atque oellIos oculis spectare fatentibus igncm: herself your mistress; you may gaze at her eyes with Sacre tacens voccm verbaque vultus habet. eyes that confess their flame: there are often voice Fac primus rapias mills tacta labellis 576 and words in a silent look. See that you are the Pocula, quaque ,bibit parte puella, bibas : first to seize the cup her lips have touched, and drink at that part where she has drunk; and whatever Et quemcumque cibum digitis libaverit iUa, food she has touched with her fingers see that you Tn pete, dumque petes, sit tibi tacta manus, ask for, and while you ask contrive to touch her Sint etiam tua vota, viro placuisse puellae : hand. Let it also be your aim to please your lady's Utiliar vobis factus amicus edt. 580 husband; he will be more useful to you, if made a H nie, si sorte bibes, sortem concede priorem : friend. To him, if you drink by lot, concede the Huic detnr capiti missa corona tuo. first tUTn j 1 give him the garland tossed from your Sive erit inferior, sell par, prior omnia sumat : own head. Whether he be below you or hold an Nee dubites illi verba secunda loqui. equal place, let him take of all before you; nor Tuta frequensque via est, per amici fallere nomen: 586 hesitate to yield him place in talk. 'Tis a safe and Tutu. frequensque Hcet sit via, crimen habet. oft-trodden path, to deceive under the name of lnde procurator nimium quoque multa procurat, friend; safe and oft-trodden though it be, 'tis the path of guilt. Thus too an agent pursues his agency Et sibi mandatis plura videnda putat. too far and looks after more than was committed to Certa tibi a nobis dabitul' mensura bibendi : his charge.2 Officium praestent mensque pedesque suum. 690 I will give you a sure measure of drinking: ,1et mind and feet perform their duty. Especially Iurgia praecipue vino stimulata caveto, beware of quarrels caused by wine, and of hands too Et nimium faciles ad fera bella manus. quick to brutal fight. Eurytion 3 fell by stupidly Occidit Rurytion stulte data vina bibendo ; drinking the Hquor set before him; the table and Aptior est dulci mensa merumque ioco. the wine-cup are fitter for mirthful jests. Sing, if

1 The order of drinking was often decided by lot; it is not :I This awkward couplet seems to mean t.hat as a. friend clear, whether the husband is [0 be given the first turn as a may abuse friendship, so the husband's steward or manager compliment, or to be allowed to throw first. Or it may refer to may take to "looking after" his wife. the choosing by lot of a master of the banquet, the "arbiter bibendi." . II A Centaur, made drunk at the feast of the La-piths; cf. Hom. Od. 21. 295. 5" 53 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I Si vox est, canta: si mollia brachia, salta: 695 you have a vOice; If your arms are lithe, dance; Et quacumque potes dote placere, place. please by whatever gifts you cau. As real drunken­ ness does harm, so will feigned bring profit: make Ebrietas ut vera nocet, sic ficta iuvabit: your crafty tongue stumble in stammering talk, so Fac titubet blaeso subdola lingua sono, that, whatever you do or say more freely than you Ut, quicquid facias dicasve protervius aequo, should, may be put down to too much wine. And Credatur nimium causa fuisse merum. 000 (( Here's luck," say, H to the lady," and" Luck to Et bene die dominae, bene, cum quo dormiat illa ; him who sleeps with her!": but in your silent soul Sed, male sit, tacita mente precare, viro. let the prayer be "Deuce take the husband," But At cum discedet mensa con viva remota, when the tables are removed and the company depart, Ipsa tibi Recessus turba locumque dabit. and the crowd itself gives you chance of access, join Insere te turbae, leviterque admotus eunti 605 the crowd, and gently drawing nigh to her as she Velle latus digitis, et pede tange pedem. goes pull her sleeve with your fingers, and let your foot touch hers. Now is the time for talk with her j Conloquii iam tempus adest; fuge rustiae longe away with you, rustic shame! Chance and Venus HiDe pudor; audentem Forsque Venusque iuvat. help the brave. Let not your eloquence submit to (; Non tua sub nostras veniat fscundia leges: our poets' laws; see but that you make a start: Fac tantum incipias, sponte disertus eris. 610 your eloquence will come of itself. You must play Est tibi agendus amaos, imitandaque vulnera verbis; the lover, and counterfeit heartache with words: her Haec tibi quaeratur quaHbet aIte fides:-.- belief in that you must win by any device. Not" is it Nec credi labor est: sibi quaeque videtur amanda; hard to be believed: each woman thinks herself Pessima sit, nulli non sua forma placet. ~ lovable; hideous though she be, there is none her Saepe tamen vere coepit simulator arnare, 615 own looks do not please. Yet often the pretenqe:r begins to love truly after all, and often becomes what S~epe, quod. incipiens finxerat esse, fuit. he has feigned to be. 'Vherefore, you women, be Quo magis,o, facHes imitantibus estc, puellae : more compliant to pretenders; one day wi1l the love Fiet amor verus, qui modo falsus erato he true which but now was false. Now be the time Blanditiis animum furtim deprendere nunc sit, to ensnare the mind with crafty flatteries, as the l!t pendens liquida ripa subitur aqua. 620 water undermines an overhanging bauk. Nor be Nee faciem, nee te pigeat laudare capilIos weary of praising her looks, her hair, her shapely Et teretes digitos exiguumque pedem : fingers, her small foot: even honest maids love to Delectant etiam castas praeconia formae ; hear their charms extolled; even to the chaste their Virginibus curae grataque forma sua est, beauty is a care and a delight, For why even now Nam cur in Phrygiis Iunonem et Pallada silvis 625 are Juno and Pallas ashamed that they won not the judgment in the Phrygian woods? When you NUDC quoque iudicium non tenuisse pudet? 54 55 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I Laudatas ostendit avis Iunonia pinnas: praise her the bird of Juno displays her plumes: Si tacitus spectes, ilia recondit opes. should you gaze in silence she hides away her wealth. Quadrupedes inter rapidi certarnina cursus Even steeds, amid the contests of the rapid course, Depexaeque iubae plausaque colla iuvant. 630 delight to have their manes combed and their necks patted. Nee timide promitte: trahunt promissa pueUas ; Nor be timid in your promises; by promises women PolHcito testes quosHbet adde deos. are betrayed; call as witnesses what gods you please. Illppiter ex alto periuria ridet amantum, Jupiter from on high smiles at the perjuries of lovers, Et iubet Aeolios inrita ferre notos. and bids the winds of Aeolus carry them unfulfilled Per Styga Iunoni falsum iurare solebat 635 away. Jupiter was wont to swear falsely by Styx to Iuppiter; exemplo nunc favet ipse suo. Juno; now he favours his own eX1I.mple. It is Expedit esse deos, et, ut expedit, esse putemus ; expedient there should be gods, and as it is ex­ Dentor in alltiquos tura merumque focus; pedient let us deem that gods exist j let incense and Nee scenra quies illos similisque sapari wine be poured on the ancient hearths; nor does Detinet; innocue vivite: numen adest j 640 careless quiet like unto slumber hold them; live Heddite depositum j pietas sua foedera servet : innocently, gods are nigh; return what is given to Frans absit; vaeuas caedis habete manus. your keeping; let duty kcep her covenant; let fraud Ludite, si sapitis, solas impune puellas: be absent; keep your hands clean of blood. If you Hac minus est una fraude tuenda fides. are wise, cheat women only, and avoid trouble; keep Fallite fallentes : ex magna parte profanum 645 faith Save for this one deceitfulness. Deceive the Sunt genus: in laqueos quos posuere, cadant. deceivers; they arc mostly an unrighteous sort; let Dicitur Aegyptos caruisse iuvantibus arva them fall into the snare which they have laid. Imbribus, atque annos sicca fuisse novem, Egypt is said to have lacked the rains that bless Cum Thrasius Busirin adit, monstratque piari its fields, and to have been parched for nine years, Hospitis adfuso sanguine posse lovern. 650 when Thrasius approached Busiris, and showed that llii Busiris H fies Iovis hostia primus," Jove could be propitiated by the outpoured blood of

Inquit H et Aegypto tu dabis hospes aquam." a stranger. To him said Busiris, (C Thou shalt be Et Phalaris tauro violenti membra Perilli Jove's first victim, and as a stranger give water unto Torruit: infelix inbuit auctor opus. Egypt." Phalaris too roasted in his fierce buH the Iustus uterquc fuit: nequc enim lex aequior ulla est, limbs of Perillus; its maker first made trial of his Quam necis artifices arte perire sua. 656 il1·omened work. Both were just; for there is no Ergo ut periuras merito periuria faHant, juster law than that contrivers of death should Exemplo doleat femina laesa suo. perish by their own contrivances. Therefore, that 644 minus ••• tuenda. HeinaiU8 (front MSB.): magis perjuries may rightly cheat the perjured, let the pudenda RO. woman feel the smart of a wound she first inflicted. 56 57 OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I

Et lacrimae prosunt: lacrimis adamanta movebis : Tears too are useful; with tears you can move iron; Fac madidas videat, 8i potes, illa genas. 660 let her see, if possible, your moistened cheeks. If Si lacrimae (neque euim veniunt in tempore semper) tears fail (for they do not always come at need), Deficient, uda lumina tange manu. . touch your eyes with a wet hand. Who that is wise Quis sapiens blandis non misceat oscula verbIS? would not mingle kisses with coaxing words? Though Ina lieet non det, non data surne tamen. she give them not, yet take the kisses she does not Pugnabit primo fortassis, et "improbe " dieet: 665 give. Perhaps she will struggle at first, and cry" You Pugnando vinci se tamen ills valet. villain!" yet she will wish to be beaten in the Tantum ne noceant teneris male rapts labellis, struggle. Only beware lest snatching them rudely Neve queri paBsit dura fnisse, cave. you hurt her tender lips, and she be able to complain Oscula qui sumpsit, si non et cetera sumet, . of your roughness. He who has taken kisses, if he Haec quoque, quae data sunt, perdere dignus ent. 670 take not the rest beside, will deserve to lose even what Quantum defuerat plena post os~ula v~to ? was granted. After kisses how much was lacking to Ei rnihi, rusticitas, non pudor Ille fnlt. your vow's fulfi1ment? ah ! that was awkwardness, not Vim Heet appelles: grata est vis. ista puellis : modesty. You may use force; women like you to use Quod iuvat, invitae saepe dedlsse volun~. it; they often wish to give unwillingly what they like Quaecumque est veneris subita violata rapma, 675 to give. She whom a sudden assault has taken by storm Gaudet, et inprobitas muneris instar ha?et. is pleased, and counts the audacity as a compliment. At quae cum pOBset cogi, non tacta recesslt, But she who, when she might have been compelled, Ut simulet vultu gaudia, tristis erit. departs untouched, though her looks feign joy, will Vim passa est Phoebe: vis est allata sorori ; yet be sad. Phoebe suffered violence, violence was 680 Et gratus raptae raptor ute~qu~ fuit. . used against her sister: 1 each ravisher found favour Fabula nota quidem, sed non mdlgna referrI, with the ravished. Well-knowll,yet not undeserving Scyrias Haemonio iuncta pueHa viro. of mention, is the tale of the Scyrian maid and her lam dea laudatae dederat sua praemia formae Haemonian lover.2 Already had the goddess given Colle sub Idaeo vincere digna duas: her own reward for her beauty's praising, she who lam nuTUS ad Priamum diverso venerat orbe, 685 won triumph o'er the twain 'neath Ida's mount; Graiaque in lliacis ~oenibus ux~r. erat : already from distant lands his daughter~in-law had Iurabant omnes in laesl verba marItI : come to Priam, and a Grecian wife was within the Nam dolor unius publica causa fuit. walls of Troy; all were swearing allegiance to the 662 uda. MSS.: uncta Heinsius. injured spouse, for the grief of one became the II The maid is Deidamia and the lover Achilles. Linea 1 Phoebe and Hilaira, daughters of Leucippus, were ravished 683-689 describe when the shory hap'pened. viz. after the by Cashor and Pollux; see Ov. J'tl.lJti, 5. 699. carrying off of Helen, who is the" gtft" (sua praemia) tha.t Venue bestows on Paris. 58 59 -

OVID THE ART OF LOVE: I people's cause. Basely, had he not so far yielded Turpe, nisi hoc matris preciuus triuuisset, Achilles to his mother's prayers, Achilles had disguised Veste virum longs dissimulatus erato 690 his manhood in a woman's robe. What dost thou, Quid faeis, Aeacide? non sunt tua mnnera lanae; Aeacides? wools are not thy business; by another Tu titulos alia Palladis arte petas. art of Pallas do thou seek fame. What hast thou to Quid tibi cum calathis? dipeo manus apta ferendo est: do with baskets? thy arm is fitted to bear a shie1d. Pensa quid in dextra, qua cadet Hector, 11c'lbes? Why holdest thou a skein in the hand by which Relee succinctos operoso stamine fusos ! 695 Hector shall die? Cast away the spindle girt Quassanda est ista PeHas hasta mann. about with toilsome windings! That hand must Forte erat in thalamo virgo regalis eodem j shake the Pelian spenr. I t chanced that in the Haec ilIum stu pro comperit esse virum. same chamber' was the royal maid j by hel' rape she found him to be a lUlm. By force indeed was she Viribus illa quidem vieta est, ita credere oportet: vanquished, so one must believe j yet by force did Sed voluit vinci viribus illa tamen. 700 she wish to be vanquished all the same. Often Saepe U mane! II dixit, cum iam properaret Achilles; cried she, "Stay," when already Achilles was hasting Fortia nam posito surnpserat arma colo. from her; for, the distaff put away, he had taken Vis ubi nunc ilia est? Quid blanda voce moraris valiant arms. Where is that violence now? Why Auctorem stupri, DeYdamia, tui? with coaxing words, Deidamia, dost thou make to tarry Scilicet ut pudor est quaedam coepisse priorem, 705 the author of thy rape? In truth,just as there is shame Sic alio gratum est incipicnte patio sometimes in beginning first, so when another begins A ! nimia est iuveni propriae fiducia formae, it is pleasant to submit. Ah, too confident in his own Expectat siquis, dum prior illa roget. charms is a lover, if he wait until she ask him first. Let the man take the first step, let the man speak Vir prior accedat, vir verba precantia dieat: entreating words; she will listen kindly to coaxing Excipiat blandas comiter ilIa preees. 710 entreaties. That you may gain her, ask: she only Ut potiare, roga : tantum cupit ilIa rogari; wishes to be asked j provide the cause and starting­ Da eausam voti principiumque tui. point of your desire. Jupiter went a suppliant to luppiter ad veteres supplex heroidas ibat: the heroines of old: no woman seduced the mighty Corrupit magnum nulla puella lovem. Jove. Yet if you find that your prayers cause swollen Si tamen a precibus tumidos accedere fastus 715 pride, stop what you have begun, draw back a pace. Senseris, incepto parce referque pedem. Many women desire what flees them; they hate Quod refugit, multae cupiunt: odere quod instat ; what is too forward; moderate your advance, and save them from getting tired of you. Nor must the Lenius instando 'taedia tolle tui. hope of possession be always proclaimed in your en­ Nec semper veneris spes est profitenda ;roganti : treaties; let love find entrance veiled in friendship's Intret amicitiae nomine tectus amor. 720 60 61 -

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Hoc aditu vidi tetricae data verba puellae : name. I have seen an unwilling mistress deluded by Qui fuerat cultor, factus amator erato this approach; he who had been an admirer became a lover. Candidus in nauta turpis color, aequoris unda White is a shameful colour in a sailor; swarthy Dehet et a radiis sideris esse niger: should he be, both from the sea-waves and from Turpis et agricolae, qui vomere semper aduneo 725 heaven's beams; shameful too in a husbandman, Et gravibus rastris sub love versat humllm. who ever beneath the sky turns up the ground with Et tibi, Palladiae petitur cui palma coronae, curved ploughshare and heavy harrows. Thou too Candida si fuerint corpora, turpis cris. who seekest the prize of Pallas' garland 1 art shamed if thy body be white. But let every lover be pale; Pall eat omnis amans: hie est color aptus amanti ; Hoc decet, hoc stulti non valuisse putent. 730 this is the lover's hue. Such looks become him; let fools think that such looks avail not. Pale Pallidus in Dirces silvis errabat Orion, did Orion wander in Dirce's glades, pale was Daphnis Pallidus in Icnta naide Daphnis erato when the naiad proved unkind. Let leanness Al'guat et macies animum: nee turpe putaris also prove your feelings; nor deem it base to set Palliolum nitidis inposuisse com is. a hood on your bright locks. Nights of vigil make Attenuant iuvenurn vigililtae corpora noctes 735 thin the bodies of lovers, and anxiety and the Curaque et e magna qui fit amore dolor. distress that a great passion brings. That you may Ut voto potiare tuo, miserabilis csto, gain your desire be pitiable, so that whoso sees you Ut qui te videat, dicere possit " amas." may say, "Yon are in love," Shall I complain, or Conquerar, an moneam mixtum fas omne nefasque : warn you, that right and wrong are all confounded? Friendship is but a name, faith is an empty name. Nomen amicitia est, nomen inane fides. 740 Alas, it is not safe to praise to a friend the object of Ei mihi, non tutum est, quod ames, laudare sodali j your love; so soon as he believes yOUl' praises, he slips Cum tibi laudanti credidit, ipse subit. into your place. But, you wil1 say, the son of Actor! At non Actorides lectum temeravit Achillis: stained not Achilles' couch, and as concerned Piri­ Quantum ad Pirithoum, Phaedra pudica fnit. thous, Phaedra was chaste. Pylades loved Hermione Hermionam Pylades quo Pall ada Phoebus, amabat, 745 as Phoebus Panas, and as twin Castor was to thee, Quodque tibi geminus, Tyndari, Castor, erat. o Tyndaris. If anyone has this hope, let him hope Siquis idem sperat, iacturas poma myricas that tamarisks will drop apples, let him seek honey Speret, et e media flu mine mella petat. in the middle of a river. Naught pleases but what 730 stulti Herzberg: multi B: nulli Mueller. 1 i.e. the athlete. who contended for a crown of olive in 731 Dirces HeinsiU8: linces B: Orion Mss.: Arion B. the games. 747 iacturaB RO: laturas MBS. II Patroclu8, grandson of Actor. Hermione was the wife of 6. OresteB, the friend of Pyladea. ------~------~.,

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Nil nisi turpe iuvat : curae sua cuique voluptas: is shameful, none cares but for his own pleasure, and Haec quoque ab alterins grata dolore venit. 750 sweet is that wlwn it springs from another's pain. Hell facinus! non est hostis metuendus amanti; Ah, the reproach of it! no foe need·a lover fear; Quos credis fidos, effuge, tutus eris. fly those whom you deem faithful, and you will be Cognatum fratl'emque cave carumque sodalem : safe. Kinsman, brother-beware of them and of Praebcbit veros haec Ubi turba metus. thy boon companion; they will cause you real fears. 1 was about to end, but various are the hearts of Finitul'us eram, sed sunt diversa puellis 755 women j use a thousand means to waylay as many Pectora: mille animos excipe mille modis. hearts. The same earth bears not everything; this Nee tellus eadem parit omnia; vitibus illa soil suits vines, that olives; in that, wheat thrives. Convenit, haec oleis; hac bene farra vi rent. Hearts have as many fashions as the world has Pectoribus mores tot sunt, quot in orbe figurae j shapes; the wise man will suit himself to countless Qui sapit, innumeris moribus aptus erit, 7GO fashions, and like Proteus will now resolve himself Utque leves Proteus modo se tenuabit in undns, into light waves, and now will be a lion, now a tree, Nunc leo, nunc arbor, nunc erit hirtus aper. now a shaggy boar. Here fish are caught with H ic iaculo pisces, illa capiuntur ab hamis : spears, there with hooks j here they are dragged with Hie cava contento retia fune trahunt. taut ropes in hollow nets. Nor let one method suit Nee tibi conveniet cunctos modus unus ad annos : 765 all ages; a grown hind will regard the snare from Longius insidins cerva vide bit nnus. further away. Should you seem learned to the Si doctus videare rudi, petulansve pudenti, simple, or wanton to the prude, she will straightway Diffidet miserae protinus illa sibi. feel a pitiful self-distrust. And so comes it that she lnde fit, ut quae se timuit committere honesto, who has feared to commit herself to an honourable Vilis ad amplexus inferioris eat. 770 lover degrades herself to the embraces of a mean one. Pars superat coepti, pars est exhausta laboris. Part of my enterprise remains, part is now finished. Hie teneat nostras aneora iacta rates. Here 1et the anchor be thrown, and hold my bark secure.