One h-Index to Rule them All? Using h-Index Realities to Educate Researchers about their Online Presence Jan Fransen University of Minnesota – Twin Cities

What is h-Index? Purpose of the Study Results “A scientist has index h if h of his/her N • p At the University of Minnesota, we’ve noticed that more faculty members are asking their liaison librarians about h-index and other productivity measures. Researchers are also becoming more Google Scholar h-index papers have at least h citations each, and aware of how they appear to potential collaborators who find them online. By comparing h-index calculations and citation counts in three commonly used databases, librarians can make the was highest for all 11 the other (N - h) papers have no more than p point that researchers must take the time to review their online presence in any database potential collaborators might use. faculty members who h citations each.” had a Google Scholar -- J.E. Hirsch, in “An index to quantify an profile. Data Collection individual’s scientific research output.” • Four faculty members, For each of the 76 full time Associate Professors in the College of Science & Engineering in Spring 2013: all from Math, had no record in any of the Pro: Simultaneously measures quality and Web of Knowledge Google Scholar Scopus three databases quantity of scientific output • Searched using Author Search for last name and first initial and • Searched by author name for profile. • Searched using Author Search for author last name/first initial • Scopus works well for affiliation with the University of Minnesota. Con: Completely dependent on the data • If found, recorded count of citations and and affiliation of University of Minnesota Twin Cities. most science and • Ran Citation Report on initial result set and recorded count of source used to list papers and to count h-index. • Recorded count of citations and h-index. engineering fields, but citations and h-index. citations to those papers. • When multiple records were found, used only the record with papers published before • WoK was the most likely of the three to result in inaccurate initial the most associated citations. Tools are provided to allow 1996 are not used to authors to merge their records. sets, but tools are provided to allow authors to add items to their Calculating h-Index calculate h-index. • Note that Scopus only uses articles published since 1996 to ResearcherID publication list. calculate h-index. Recommendations

Example Researchers can ensure that their online presence reflects their work and scholarly contribution by taking the time to create Why is the Google Scholar count so much higher than the others? or review their profiles in databases where Nicholas Hopper, Computer Science & • Google Scholar pulls from a wider range of sources: journal and conference proceeding publishers, institutional repositories, potential collaborators are likely to look. Engineering departmental and author websites.

• Because all the data collection is done automatically, it isn’t unusual for a Google Scholar profile to contain multiple copies 1. Sort all your publications in descending order Librarians can assist by providing step-by- Database Result Count h-index of the same article. The profile owner can merge multiple instances of the same article. by how many times they’ve been cited. step instructions on the most efficient way

2. Go down the list until the last record where to set up and refine profiles in each high- the number of times cited is greater than or Google Scholar 86 21 Technical reports aren’t indexed by WoK use database in the researcher’s field. equal to the count of the item on the list. Scopus 42 9 or Scopus, but are often cited in 3. The number of the item on the list is your h- engineering and computer science. Sample Workflow for University of index. Web of Knowledge 8 3 Minnesota faculty

Data Sources • Most U of M researchers in Science and Engineering Different author order, so not merged will have a Scopus Author ID • Search Scopus for your name and record your Author Any database that provides both citation by Google Scholar Scopus ID information by author and “cited by” counts for • If you find more than one Author record for yourself, request that they be merged those citations can be used to calculate h-index. What is Google Scholar missing that Scopus has? The most common databases used for this • Two papers from Lecture Notes in Computer Science • ORCID.org is a publisher-agnostic ID and web purpose in Science and Technology are Web of presence site • Two Message from the Program Chairs from Lecture Notes in Computer Science ORCID Knowledge (WoK), Scopus, and Google Scholar. 36 items: Scopus AND • Use your Scopus Author ID to add publications • Two papers from the Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Computer & Communications Security automatically to your ORCID account Google Scholar Results are affected by the scope of the database (titles, years, subjects, publication • Search for yourself. If you find citations, set up a Why is the Scopus count so much higher than Web of Knowledge? Researcher ID account types) , the accuracy of the database’s Cited By • Scopus includes many more conference proceedings than Web of Knowledge. WoK • Import information from ORCID algorithm, and the accuracy of author • Add citations that are in WoK but not yet associated identification. WoK with your Researcher ID and synchronize to ORCID 8 items Google Scholar 51 unique items Journal from ACM. • Set up a profile associated with your Google account Web of Google • Use your Researcher ID and ORCID accounts, plus your Science Indexed by both Scopus and WoK. Scopus CV to make sure all publications are added 934 11377 Scholar 8432 unique unique overlap titles titles titles Scopus IEEE conference proceeding. • Publications for your Experts@Minnesota profile 6 unique Indexed by Scopus but not WoK. come from Scopus, but may not be there if you’ve just items updated your Scopus profile Experts • Add research interests and keywords Analysis from Academic Database Assessment Tool Center for Research Libraries (adat.crl.edu) • Add links to your CV and faculty web page Scopus updated May 2012, Web of Science updated August 2012.