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• 2007 CHAVDAR BONEV

THE PROTO-SLAVIC TRIBES PART ONE (A)

Sofia • 2007 &

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• 2007 © ' ISBN 978–954–9493–08–5

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7 I.

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21 10. & & E#('( ("" ( ( – ('() +! ?( /! !+? ( %(- , %%# / +! /. %, (, %%# . . /! +% * / (!: 1) "(? !%?( ; 2) ('( /'. !& *!& +. 7 % !( # ( + %& / "( + /- (?. A ( ! & /- . " + * %" +% "? ( (7!'), (( +% / +! /. 7 (% "/, - %# /+ . , / & &- ? +/ / #. ( ! *- ( ( ("" (% / /. 11. 7 $ ( / & % & (# !& %( /#" ('( ( - %? ( ((. ( + !$ ( (9. 9&, ,. !, . ,*, . 9"). + +% %$ /#" ('( & / ( *( & /. 12. +, & +%!( ( /! +% ( /( ( ('( , # /- %, & "/ ( +. &, "& $ ( , + % !/. 13. ( + "* ("" % ! !# &. " / , & / - ( & /( ('( (" + % . 14. 7+/% / / ( ( ? . , ( % - *% , (,9), " + / . 7 % /#" ('( ( *. + / - ('( – , , 9, , ( // , !#- , %. / / / ( %+ / % * &( + ' * (/( /!&).

22 -4. 09J A9 09,

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– E – M – A U – 8 Â – R Ä /#" Ž – N – F – JU – 6 Ă – (( Z – 0 O – H – 5 JA – B B – I – P – 7 C – D V – , J – @ R – Č– J G – K – S – Š – G D – 9 L – T – ŠT – Q

7 + / !# / % %*" + 4& / (!). 7& "- !$ (#( & (( "&.

23 "( # + %( 4& , (' +* ?- & ( / ( (('() ( *.

1. A > Ă 9. V > F 17. D > DŽ 25. K > G 33. P > B 41. F > V 2. A > Â 10. G > H 18. E > I 26. K > S 34. S > Z 42. H > F 3. Ä > A 11. G > K 19. Ž > Š 27. K > C 35. S > Š 43. H > S 4. Ä > E 12. G > Z 20. Ž > DŽ 28. K > Č 36. T > K 44. H > Š 5. Ă > O 13. G > Ž 21. Ž > Z 29. L > R 37. T > C 45. Č > Š 6. B > P 14. D > T 22. Z > S 30. M > B 38. T > D 46. Č > Ž 7. B > M 15. D > G 23. Z > DZ 31. M > N 39. U > O 47. Š > Ž 8. B > V 16. D > DZ 24. I > E 32. O > U 40. U > I 48. ŠT > Š

5!& "! +E %*" + /- 4& & / +%- & "&. + ! # "( ( % / !$ ( & ( ?. 9! ( +/( + /( & "& + – (! (. # ! !$ * %" '( - % ? – ('( ()(. 7/ $, ", ( % / %%# !$ /!. + , - "( / ? / &- : 1. ) 7 /( , , . . ( . . 5. ! !$ % . 0/ (( ", 9", A , '( ". /  /# +% '-(% (%/ * + (%/ # * (5V–5 . . 5.). +) ( . . 5. ( V . + +* &'( / / * %/- ?. 7& / !? % /( - ?. 2. . 5V–5 . . 5. ( V ., . . / , & V . + !& / , !$ !- . / ' & (( +( / *!& /( 5 . . 5. – . . 5. 3. . V–V . 7: - , , . . 4. . +* 5–5 .

24 5. . , # (%/ ( &( + 5V . . 5. ( V . & !$ , ( + (( 5 . . 5. – . . 5. 6. ) 0 /( ( ). ! !$ , (E& & %$ !- / ( ? – ('( ((-/'(), 4!'( . +) 0 – ( V . '- ( . + / !$ '( ( (. / ! +& - 4 !/ + ( (. ( % (( 5 . . 5. – . . 5. , ! 7A # ! ( %( / "(" * &( %+. ,/ - & (%/ //: 1. 7* / / – "(", . 2. 7/ – !?, "(" (% /( /), "(- , ( ?. 3. 7&( – % ( - *!. 8 + !4 %+- ((. 7 $ ( - /(. 0 / " " / %( 20 !, "& – 30 !. , &: 1) / / (/ , !4( /?, /); 2) / (& +!, * %" – !+- *(, %(, / / /?, & / - , %$ %$ %+, ! /); 3) - ( / * "). */ *- ! % -%$ "& %. ( / + -+ *!& % %$ /. &- - -+ ( "?. 4. ?4& / + + ("". 5. 9 / ( & !) /( - . 8 . 6. 7 %+ / "(", % /. , %! !( ( * !4, %%- # +( /, # ! %(. „!“ / :

25 1. 7/-(, & + . , - & "& / (, &' +' + /. 7- / +" / ( (. 2. „9%“ / ? /. & / / " 4& /, / /. ! +"& , & / – . 7% & +* +"( . , ! # (E& !/( /. 7 + / , ! !/ ( "& % 4/ !/( /, % "! / ! - /(, (( " ( #. " !4 ! * /. 7 +% + ( /. +% - # & (/). , (E& & (E& /& ++ !4 +/, & - / #. Q +% # *!& +? &( %+, . , +? +% & % "& ". ( /!( ? ! !4.

. %& ! (!, #( / +: , , 9/% 9/, / 7(, A! - ?, +&, ,( +$( .

26 II.

II-1.

- : „ , , ! " #, - !$ # #, % #%, , %, #" " %, % & % " ', % & # (. " # # ", #...“ [Hom. Il., 536–545; ), 231, #. 328]. * " ) % [Hdt., I, 146; Paus., VIII, 49]. * + # + # /: „ #% # + ), #- . (. . ), " #%, " " #- , #: „< # #, # #%“, „" #“. < = , # / % (#%) ! ! = #. '=" , + % , #% %“ [Strab., X, 1, 3; ), 226]. (! + ABANTI " # " % . =: 1. AB(A); 2. ANT(I). < + ABA #% ! , + ! /. ABA -- % %% APA ‘, ’ [= - : Detsch. Spr., 19], =+ P > B: APA > ABA. ? + ANT(I) "% %% ANTA ‘, ", ’ (!. = @@-11-1). ? =+% + ‘, ’. %- # ‘(!) – , ’, =" =, ‘ ’. + + - % - #%. ?% " (, + +) = =" + : „#, , , # + % " #, <“ [Arr., fr. 16; ), 306].

27 D % , + ! - ! , " % . = == + - ". " #! % ==- %.

-2.

& < (@@ .), (%: „<- # (% ?=, -= – ", , % š r =. < % [] ="=(), (A áñéíï ) – ?=“ [Ptol., III, 5, 8; Izvoare, I, 538–539]. < ?D, # ?= (?), ! # %. AVAR -INI. & AVAR ! # ! #% % Acer pseudoplatanus ‘%’. + ?, ! " - % % E, $ +$-$ ". "- # E . ?" (Vah). % # % ?D. I < =+ . ( ( Áâáñ) E s % . F%: Áâáñ íïí . *Avorjnä [Vasmer, M. Griech., 267, 279]. ( - %% AVAR : AVAR > AVǍR > AVOR > JAVOR. & $ ( K! = % , : <$: E, E, E!-(L, E! (%: E, E M%: E!, E "%: . E, E, E : E (#%: E. / JAVORNIKI =+ JAVOR (. AVAR) !- -NIK. (. # – '#, # – , – U =" . ? . +. JAVOR- NIKI # ! () -IKI (> -ICI; -IČI). / % ?D . E- ( & @–@@ . " # % % – != '%. ( ?D # D (!. = @@-21-2). # " WD. 28 -3-1.

)!= '= M , + '#=!, - + + . % = &= (Kara Su ‘+ ’). # , + , ". M , % =% #%". " ! ". & (&!) – +% . W & . (Axios), + # + [Cl. Ael. De natura, XIV, 25]. '=" Axiopa ( " Axiopolis). ' M ( . ") , ! +% " . ? - " : 1) ’Áîéïýðïëéò [Hierocl., 637, 9]; 2) ’Áîéïýðïëéò [Ptol., III, 10, 1; III, 10, 5]; 3) Axiupolis [Tab. Peut., 7, 3]; 4) Axiupoli [It. Ant., 224, 2; Not. Dign., 39, 30]; 5) ’Áîéïðá [Proc. De aed., IV, 11]. ' ’Áîé (+) ïðá () [Detsch. Spr., 18–19]. . Karasu . M . & AKSI % + . ? – ’ (’Áîé ò, Axius), + "% – M [TIR, K-34, 193]. $ % % . ? (# $: „ ...“ [Strab., VII, fr. 21; ), 222]. < #% +% % [Plin. N. h., 31, 14]. ( ‘+ ()’ ?D'D [Krahe, H. Die Sprache, I, 94]. D+ ) % – &% (Axon) Z% (Áîïò) [Detsch. Spr., 19]. '. '+ % % % #!, = &# (- (): ’Áîé-åñïò, ’Áîéó-êåñóïò, ’Áîéï-êÝñóá – aksi ‘+’. " , + M Ðoíôïò ’Áîåéíïò ! , [Detsch. Spr., 18]. <-" , + aksaena, % -, - M . " = # " - I < ( Áîåéíïò ðüíôïò) ‘" () ’. <- ¡ < (Å îåéíïò ðüíôïò) ‘" ’. ( < , , ! + % = " [Ps. Scymn., 618–810; ), 144]. < , + % V@ . . . [. ', 269]. < =#% % M [Pind. N., IV, 49; P. IV, 203]. ? , + %% AKSI . akšaena ‘, +’ ! , + # = . (# AKSI # =+ % ! + " %. ? - % % %# # #- ! % : AKSI > OKSI >

29 UKSI; AKSI > AKŠI > OKŠI > UKŠI. = F% (#. U), "! ). / %. Tsernoksi #%- "+ . *čLrn ‘+’ [Vasmer, M. Griech., 108]. -oksi, ! " ! # AKSI > OKSI ‘, +’. + % % = # !, ‘+’ (!. . +). ( ) % F% V@@–V@@@ . % . " + %# % A > Ă > O oksi ! # %  "+ " # V@@ . < $ % AKSIOPA (< &- ) – opa ‘, ’ – ! !, + % A > O + ". ! %% apa > opa > upa, aba > oba > uba % + . = #% % # + % , !  " - (" ). % # AKSI-APA + ‘, + ()’. ? $ &= # -"% #, , ! 12 , + % % . % V@–V@@ . +%, +- . ?= . = M (1590), '% )% (1595) ) (%, ". Tomos (, &!) +- , , NAXIUS flu. [, . , 15, 16]. = + ( (1660) ! + "" % . + . NAXIUS RIVIERE, % ". TOMISWAR (. war ‘"’). , != '= M , + LAC CARASUI ("% # &=). < = ". CHIRSTENGE (. . &!) [< , 20]. '!. & (1689) ". TOMI NAXIUR Fl. [< , 26]. ' + (NAXIUS, NAXIUR) % AXIUS -" NA. - .

-3-2.

'= – + %. # %# # == " - . ? #% ( ? - : ú h N ² I v „(, (Óá îáé, èíïò ðáñ ô Éóôñï )“ [Izvoare, II, 340–341]. ( AKSI, ! # -" SA (. , ; . , ): SA-AKSA > SAKSI.

30 , '=, + = ( ?, ! # ! " , # =% &(Z (&(<). < , =+ +, + ‘! (, ) () AKSI’). + " (&( , =+ % + – &(Z (?D'D). ? - < ( % )% +, + #%" &(Z ! <D&( (Ðáñáîßåé) [Plin. N. h., IV, 10, 33– 39; ), 264]. + + # " N -" ðáñ ‘, , , ’. =% + ! . = = , + + ! (, ?) - % %. D# , "+ % (&( . '#=! %. ( = = #" . (&( ((&(F) &U [-- , . '#=!, 212]. = – saksagan ‘ , ’. ?! + % % SAKSAN(I). * (&( ! # % , % " . '#=!. % – ". ( = #% 29– 28 ". . ., " = ) U & % )% = = #. ? - # + = , , ( ), , " = . * #% =+ ! ' &: „ % (#- – . .) = % & " #! þ % . " D (‘Ñ ëçò), % + ", = , ! . ( D $ % =" = # " " % , # - != “ [Dio Cassius, LI, 24, 6–7; Izvoare, I, 674–675; ), 373]. (!% & # % , . &- (ÊÝäñïò), % Ciabrus (. |#), . ( =!- = # ) U. & , (?), =" . „' $ , " D, # !# $% ' (ÄÜðõî), % + ". = , - % . & $ %, + !, $ "% #%" . ( " # ', # #%" = %. < # % " ,

31 % " " =" . < +, = = =" ', =" ". "% #, " !, + , # = # &. ( = , % - s + &D( (Êå ñéò). % # "% # , + - !, #", #%"- %. = "% # ! + # . & +  + + " + %. ( % = # = =" ", % ', $ F= % *, ! +=, + - , # F " %“ [Dio Cassius, LI, 26, 1–3; Izvoare, I, 674–677; ), 374]. ?= % " # #%: 1. ?% % D, "=, - != '. (, - != '=, , ! # : 1) % ; 2) % D; 3) % '; 4) ' – % * F= =% #%". 2. % * " (!. =) (- '#=! ('#=! " – =!), ' ! # ! . 3. * D („ + "“) %# # =- != E= (E) '== ((). 4. "=, % $ # #% '- , ! ! . <% ", % &, " " . #" % # " - M #!. # . )! !, + % , % % &. + - , # – ! . ( % - " %. % ! # % $% , & - " . 5. ?! != % D % ' ! #% = + $ . ? + =+ D % = ) U. & = # . ( – ", % % -. ", 61 ". . ., " "- , # ) D, = "%. ? " # "

32 % " )% = F #- . #%, + # # ", % =+ #%. '= + " % , + + %# . 6. ( "=, % &. ( # (! # , + ) " " #= !=- # " % '. 7. %# #! #" $ & # ' % . < #- =% )% #+ =# % ' - % # % . #! % # ! #% +: 1) ! - %, % # ; 2) - , "+ *, =% % % % * D. '= #$ % % % (&( + . D # + -+ # . "+ "%, + ! + '#=! V@@–V@ . . . # " . &(Z (&(<) + %# = %, + - + ! # =+ &( – + # . < % &( ((&() # $ - != '= M &(Z (&=). & ! " ! # % !- = '= '==$ +% #%". (- " % . &+ =% #%" . $. <-"" " +- = , # ! + '#=!. ' $ % = # - ! % – " -. - #!, (&(, # + " – (. &) & (. )"%). % , + # !. & - – &# (Cerbatis) [Plin. N. h., IV, 11, 40–50], , ' [Mih. IGB, V, 5011]. F , + =+% &- [Scarlat, C. Portul, 270]. ( = " " # "=- ! # $% ", . . (&(. #$ " () = % [Ist.

3 <% , + @ () 33 Român., I, 548–550] " #- ! #. ? $% # ! "% #. * " - , , (&(. " % & "% ". ? " "# % @V ., ! " . U"+ !, + = % (&(. 15 &, . . #$, =+ = (- ), @V–@@@ . . . [Ist. Român., I, 549]. ?! = =! % . < . '#=! , - N =+ # – ) (% (Ìéêñ Óêõèßá) [Strab., VII, 4, 5]. O ' (. . % (&() ! [Ps. Scymn., 618–810; ), 144]. (#: „) &, # , # + "“ [Strab., VII, 5, 12; ), 215– 216]. * < ( +, + # # -- (+), ": %, U#, *", D#, %, <, F% [Plin. N. h., IV, 11, 40–50]. M + % " % = ! () " . '=" " # () % . ! != " = -. ? ) (% #% < & ( (ÓêõôéÜò) [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; ), 447]. % (&( = #%- % = -. % - "+ % . "# =% (= ( &), % . )+ '#% ~ (% V@–V . . .) ! [Berciu, D. Contributions, 108–109]. & % % : #% &= ( &(Z-&=) [Aricescu, A. Cazanul, 565–569], "  19 - %, # + (V . . .) )!% – , + (V . . .) [Berciu, D. Contributions, 22–39]. . %- % [, . . (%, 112–113] - [Jordanov, K. Organisations, 84–85; . '#., @, 107]. ?% % " '= - @V ., " % / @@ )- (!. = " FU). @@@–@@ . . . , + " . ' = =% (&( V@–V . . . %# % "+% – =

34 , " "#, – . (% -" +-# )!% % =#. , #% = "# =. - , + + ! = " - [Berciu, D. Contributions, 22–39], = &(Z (&=) )!% % , + ! # ! , . . % (&(. < $ #, % %" (&(, % ' @ = (. 514 ". . .). (= , ! = , % - % (&(. ( , =" „... # # '%, ", #= , " # ; -# - “ [Hdt., IV, 92; ), 21]. % + ", ' + % . '= # " = =+ (&( #%. < V . . . " " '=. & =, ( (445–424) " [Thuc., II, 97, 1]. <! , + ( = )% 429 ". =+ " % [< , II, 98, 4]. F =+ ( @ 411 ". [Polyaen., VII, 38]. <+ , + " ! +- . '#=! (. . (&(). "!, " % 339 ". . . / @@ % " '= # " =- . * "% " "#, &, " – % @V . < 313 ". ! & = U. & % - % . < # =+ ", ( @@@ [Diod., XIX, 73, 1–5]. U =% & 310–309 ". ( ' #% % , + (&(, +% % &, + - , + = U . * @@@–@@ . . . ! # +- . . . ( = + "! % - =+, " "+ #. ' , + = % " , , != % ! " != '= . (D ((D&) % (), SAR % – SARATOKOS, SROIOS. (+ % % @@ . . .

35 ? ) V@ = =# + @ . . . " + % , #- = (!. = " FU). '= % # (&(. ? % % " * M #!. < ). . U== 72 ". . . " # &, % [Eutrop., VI, 10]. (&(. ?! =+ (&( #% 62 ". . ., F. . # % (!. " FU). " - %, " F. . # %, =+ FU, # . & 48 ". . . % % " " * M #! % =# [Ist. Român., I, 611–612]. )! , + " % (&( %# =#. "!, 40 ". . . % (&( + # '<&(. 29 ". . . '<&( % % "- DU(, " != -% '=- = (. ) = (E). <% # - $ ). U. & !% # '= (!. -"). + ' % % ! # # + # = % DU(. <% ). U. & '<&( DU( $ # % (&(. % '<&( (&( # "% #, #" $ ). U. &. ' & !, + "!- =$ + " (&(. < 28 ". . . 46 ". . ., "!, ) (% # =!% %, + () , # D. ? % != 28 ". . . ( ) U. &) 14–15 ". . . (=+% % )%) + (&( " '=. ! ! $ " . )=% + (, <= ' (!. ). ? + @@ . # # #" , =!- % = % )%. ( . ?% #% =- (&( " =" % – #! != , ! +% (') < (<=) -"= . ( * =" " ? (&( + . <$ " #! (!. -= " " ). 36 ? - ! " !- + - K%, =. * !- = ( (. €"-) - - @ . (&( F% (% & <. % # - # ! . ' # ## " , (&( " ! . # + @@@ . @V–V@ . # % # #!% F% % = D. <-% % # @V–V ., "!, # #%, + - (&(. <-"% + " + (% ) = K% % % != @V V . ? - + + =" – , , . ! . *#! =+ != – " (&(. + % – "+% = " =- !% . % % + - . " . ( ! K%, %. -! # + % – "- % . ? % % + " . #= # $% % – " @–V . - ! # „“ + # . ? "- + + (&( " " . %# - != ( & . ( ! !=+ – # " #- ! -. ?! ! =%% =%- K% (€"-) # "- . %# K%. ( # + + # " " " + $. <% % $ ==-# %. =+- % = # % % == % " ! % ( ) = # . < ! !, + "% - 37 == % %# " != @@ @@@ . < @@@–V . , , , %, + # "+.

-3-3.

& % % - = . &(& ( M. & - ! # # < ( - #" != = ('): „< ( – . .) (Axiacae), + , % - #, D, (", 120 . + ...“ [Plin. N. h., IV, 12, 82; Izvoare, I, 404–405]. %, + " . ('), + %, . , ! + . < ), @ . . .: „? # ( – . .) (Asiaces), + != (Asiacasque). < " % , % ...“ [Pomp. Mela De chor., II, 1, 7; Izvoare, I, 386–387]. , + . != (K! ="). < ! % #%" , . . %, ( % !. . +) – %. W (@@ .) % + - § #!: „ (’Éóéáê í ëéìÞí). ' " - . = = , + <, % . ? # = %“ [Arr., 20, 3; Izvoare, @, 588– 589]. = % = . #% + % , % = . . & < (@@ .): „... = , , , "= 57º30´ – 48º30´, () = (’ÁîéÜêïõ ðïôáìïý) – 57º – 49º, " /, = “ [Ptol., III, 10, 8; Izvoare, I, 554–555]. D + !: „< != , -= , ... =" ’ (’ÁîéÜêçò ðïôáì ò) + % (%...“ [Ptol., III, 5, 6; Izvoare, I, 538–539]. <-= +, + % '% (% [< ]. =+ %% ! . – (%, + . < !, + < ( &. <- % . != , < ) % !  != . E = % = + = . D !% . "=. D #% V@–V@@ . = . = „& M “ (1590) = , Axiaces [, . , 15].

38 < $ %# - = < ( (Axiacae) &. < (’ÁîéÜêïò) – , . / = < ) +. <% + @ . . . ! &( '#=! . #% # # %, - 29 ". . ., ! . . " ! " , " '#=!. ? !, + , #- %, + , ="% #%" , (. . %). ? '#=! % # (&( (&(), &D* – " ( &D* !. . +). *- = , + # . " + &(, % # '= () # ! = . < AKSIAKI AKSI, + !- . . & AKSI # -AKI. ( =+ () !. E &( = (&( ", # . +, - , % AKSI + (). '=" , -.

-3-4. (!)

= (&( % '= + "= ## , %# # =- + =" . ( - " % - + . &- < % [Ptol., 2, 11, 7; 31]. ( % #- - @@ . ( - # # % U, &# (- K, . '%) . * % . = . (=# # . <- &. <- , + % # = #. % % #- €"-. + " . =, !% , ? =" . #%, + - , + - = &. <. "= #- [Die Germ., II, 17]. % 285–286 ". ? " , + (Franci) (Saxones), "=, #

39 % [Eutrop., 9, 21]. % # + ! + #! % % #%" F%. * 286 ". #, + =! % % &, " . ' (286–305) =% "+ [Pan. Lat., 11, 7, 2]. @V . % ( ) + = D #! % F% [Oros., 7, 32, 10]. M % # , " ( F% [Die Germ., II, 443–445]. ? (364–375) # % +: „ , ! #" - ! # % # " % “ [Oros., 7, 32, 10]. ( # ". F % Eider Danischen Wohld €"-. )!= 365 450 "., "!, % # $ % + " + =" . 531 ". (- "% (!= # ). - " , = =$ (555 ".). ? % , =, "- , =" , + # V@ . * + $% + % ( €- "-) -"% # =+ = ! . ( !, , - # [Die Germ., II, 446–447]. < . ? - % " ! – #",#, , . '=" " # % % - . #%, + , - (satrapae) # (Gauen). (= # #, # ! "$ . ? , + Marklo. # + # 12 # % "% ! #. , "! - ! # $ . ( "+ % , + , =%- . < + !# # # - , + = +%. ( =% [Beda. Hist. Eccl., 1, 12]. <! = -# # = " # + # =+% - " #. - %, % " ( =+% ) #

40 =, #+ , "%, == . . & " ! =! % != % = # + % ( = < &, ) (). W # = " . < ! % =" - . "+ =+% % "# # - , + # ="% "# =, % - % [Die Germ., II, 446]. @V . %% "# =- " % "–. ="% & ?, " # . # "# #- + % %-+. < $ #% , + " + " % "% – - #% = " [Die Germ., II, 17]. ? - ?= & sax – + [Viduk., @, 7]. D# , ! # " % # "! % , - . ?= & % 958–973 ". # &% [Viduk., 26–30]. % ! + = %. „ + , # , ! " !- , + , + #%, + + % . < - = + %: " , % + +- (de Danis Northmannisque), " ! =", - += +, " , " (de Graecis), "% # (=), - , %, ?, %, % %. ?+ % , + () # #" , % " + " = Z =! + U=“ [Viduk., I, 2, p. 66, 126]. ? ?= & #! % : + " # % . < ! # + = „“, – „!“. #= ! # + ! +, " . + – % ' '= (" ) " '% (- %. < , % #% :

41 1. „ "“ #%, " " - , & %, " %. ", " " , # ' "+ # "-"- !. #= "- ", ! $ %, -% #" + %. 2. '=" , % + , =+- , ! ?. ! # . = %# # #% 341–339 ". = =+ „% %- “, % , % / @@ "% & (!. = @@-9-2). <% 339 ". . . / @@ = =" % ). ?! & # ", + % # $ % . < / @@ '= = ! # " = - $% " – , ", %. " - , ! . " -, / @@ 336 ". . ., % # = @@@ ?. % # – = # = ". W+ + = " . U"+ % "-. ( ! !, + -% # . ? "- " - + – . * !% „"“ = % - ?= &. = # ! + #!. „&" =, + , " # " = #+ , = %, + + % %, ( % – . .) # ), (% – . .) + =, - ! # #" (, " " + . "! # , %, + % + ", " + )“ [Viduk., I, 12]. < % + #+ #! +, + % " "% "% +. ? - , ! + , + = : 1) #" ()); 2) #" (, % ; 3) =- =. = - - % . ( -+ #! = # , '-

42 [Hdt., V, 7]. , + # + # . * = (. . () + - ' [Hdt., V, 33]. = # #% #- #% – # % = &, . . - (&(. F # ! % < - = '. <- % + ', & [Ps. Scymn., 761–763]. D# , %# , + = % + #! „“ % % "-% . "% - + ! = #" – # % D. = ?= & ! + #% + . % % += - #+ „!“ . < $ == ?= & #% - : „... + #% # , $ . &%- ! % =% %, " - . * , , ! #+ + - , " “ (in orientalis scilicet populos, Angarios atque Westfales) [Viduk., I, 14; 135–136]. !% %, : 1) + - – + ; 2) " + , , . ango, angor ‘’; 3) – . < $ " ! # =" "% (%) ", + # (!. @@-10-9). < " # ' (% ( + % €- "-) F (%, + = % "% ). * - % ## , + % – Litus Saxonicum ("+ #!), Essex, Wessex, Sussex.

-4-1. , ,

& < + '% U&(: „# '% - +, + ... -= % #, #= -= % # (’ÁëâïêÞíóé- ïé), = ...“ [Ptol., III, 8, 3; Izvoare, I, 542–543]. - % "" % – -

43 + ", „“ – . U&( '%. <- , -!, '=. = ! + = () (!. = @@-7-3), . . (# )=%, U&( "+ , + + %. % "= # !% = #%", + + +, ! %. U"+ ! = =! – # – % #%" % '%. ? =!# " ", + = &#! '%, + % # (Transalba) [Not. Dign., XLII, p. 95; U, @, 248]. & ! # =% =+ != . (%, + ! # %# ! . . U#, # =% #%" ". U. ? = = – UM (1454–1455) ["#-$#, . ?, 67]; UM (1835, 1850) [", . U%, 324, 331]. ' !% U|, ! ALBA -EC; ALBA > LABA ( ) # = -(. # . U#, # % #%" % '% %# # . . D. / U&( =+ AL- BOK(A) -çíóéïé. ALBOK(A) % % = ! # + ALBA -OK (< -AK). ? . % ! # + + , - U& (U&(). % = .  ! E=" &#=. < . ". " . EU ALBAK > ALBOK > ALBUK > ALPUK > ALPUG > IALPUG 2. ALBA-AK > ALBAK – " # &, - % . êáôÜ – . =, -=; êáôù – . =, . K-ALBAK > KLBAK > KALBOK > KATALBUK > KATLABUK > KATLABUG > KATLABUH &LBAK (&ALBOK) + ' # (#). - &#= -= E=", + '= (- % ) . % . # (#), , % ,

44 (') # (. &#=). % # - == ", – U& (U&). M U& ( # ) % '% (106 ".). &. < + % U&( % '%. U&( ALBOKI, ALBA ( ALBA TRANSALBA). < - U&-U&( . )=%. < ALBA # # ALB-ENSII = &. <. + . # (Albac), . $ * , . . % % '%. & ALBA (> LABA) ! + : 1. Alburnus Maior [CIL, III, 1260–1277] – = " + &$ '% (. D$% ), . #) [TIR, L-34, 26]. 2. U# (ËáâÝñéïí) – '% [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; ), 436]. 3. U#= (ËÜâïõôæá) – '% [< ]. 4. F U (ALBONA) U#=% - % [Ptol., III, 1, 28; Geogr. Rav., IV, 22; C. Porph. De adm., 30]. '$ U + + ALB(A) > LAB(A). ALBAN + , - % [TIR, L-34, L-35]. ( . '= % ALB + ‘, ’ [$- , . ) U, 170]. #%, + ALB(A) ALM(A) B <> M (!. = @@-6-1). < + % ALMA ‘%, , #%’ (. . albie ‘%, , + ’), ALB(A) - %# ! ‘#%’. ( = - . ALBA #% " DA (. ): ALBA > DA – ALBA > DALBA > DÂLBA. < D > G =+ GLÂB, GLUB. (. - : "#, "#, . "=#, "=#, "=#; . "# ‘+ %’, . globam [D, @, 250]. % ~U G > Ž. (. . # ‘’, . ‘+, ’ – : ?# (F#), U# (D!) [D, @@@, 447, 558]. # ‘, %’. % #= ‘=’. /+ %% , : ALBA > LABA > LAB(A); LAB > LOB; LAB-KA > LAPKA > LÂPKA; LOB > LOB-KA; LOB > LOB-UR. < = % U& - #+ %. < == - = E=" &#=. % - ( % ) ! %% ALBA, U. <% ‘F '’ U&. <- % ! ALBA – # .

45 ! – U& (U – - ). % #=- , # + % % (# =!) # FU (!. @@-9-1). ( U& # , - % FU. ! #%- % U&( @@ . + '% + = U& = . " " %% " , %- .

-4-2. %, %, *% (%), &

ALBA % AL > LA ( ) %% , + % . ALBA > LABA > LÄBA > LEBA; ALBA > LABA > LĂBA > LOBA > LUBA (. <$ – . U- #, U# ., . U=, (=%). "% # (U#, U#) %% " + % - – " != . W (# (63 ". . . – 19 ". . .) - #% - I . Áëâéò [Strab., 1, 2, 1; 7, 1, 3, 24]; Albis [Vell. Patr., 2, 106, 1; Pomp. Mela, 3, 30; Lucan, 1, 481; 2, 52; Plin. N. h., 4, 100; TIR, M-33, 21]. ? # = , + # %, - = . D % % – . Labe < Labě, . Lªbjo, Lobje, . *Labi. % = %, # + #. ? # <UE. - % + # – != U(D U. <UE =+ !, –@ . : POLABI, POLABINGI, TRANSALBIANI, pagus PALOBI; % – POLABIA [Nied. Sl. st., III, 129]. F " # DD (. Ratzeburg). + (ALBA), - " PA (> PO), . . ?: 1) # – POLABI; 2) - INGI – POLABINGI; 3) -ANI – TRANSALBIANI. *+ - – ‘! () U’. & ! % "" - GLOPEANI, % % % – != # [Nový, R. Die Anfänge, 143–146; Cihodaru, C. Geograful bavarez, 1124]. = LOBE ("% =!$ U – Lobje). #=+ B > P % , = ! + . < " K(A) – ‘, , ’, -ANI: K- LOBI-ANI > KLOBIANI > GLOBJANI > GLOPJANI. + ‘! () U† (U)’. & =" % + "- ! # + + . UW<? (<$). %

46 + U# . UW<? (UW LABA > LÄBA > LEBA; 2. ALBA > LABA > LĂBA > LOBA > LOPA > LUPA > LUPA + AVA > LUPAVA; 3. LUPA > S(A) + LUPA > SLUPA > SLUPJA ( -" S(A)-). LOPA + -" K(A) > G(A) (. , . ) -ANI: K-LOPI-ANI > GLOPIANI. LABA -" S(A) ‘, , ’ # =+ S-LABI # . ( -ANI – S-LABI-ANI > SLABJANI. < % B > V != ", ! " % ( =+ % % ), # =+ SLAVI, SLAVJANI. " + + =+% ‘! () U#’. ! ! . %% % V – + V@ . + % % "= . #%, + (&U? %% , - " = . ( = #- V . % ' U# (#) % % # + D %. " + - =% #" (#") = % , . . + % "= – (!. = II-11-1). U# (#), . . , % + # SLABI ( # ) SLABJANI ( -ANI). ?! = U# # $ %. ? " # - s ÓêëÜâïé (ÓèëÜâïé), Óêëáâçíïi (Óêëáâ íïé) Sclavi, Sclaveni (Sclavani). V@ . % ! % . - # + - % . * % != ( & - % ? (?', ?') (!. = II-11-3). #% "= "% Z ! , V@ . # . ( =- " '= + V@@ . + - % "= . < !% - " != "= # . (U?E % V@@–V@@@ . = % - % % #, % ?'. # V@–V@@@ . D'UF (NORDALBINGI), . . UF.

47 ! + ALBIS (#) -INGI, " " %: ALBA-INGI > ALBINGI. " + ‘! () U’. % ! , % + % FU (&( (!. = II-9-2, II-3-2). & % -", % % U& #- F ' # (. E=" &#=). % = + FU (# =!). < FU (&( #% 29–28 ". . . ! + U& ( U – # ) #!% . "= ! # + % - UF (D'UF) != # D. =+ % ALBI # -INGI.

-5-1. , , , '

D (. Bârlad) % (. #  # ! !=+ ( – <=. % ! % ". F = #% @@ .: „... L“ (1172 ". – ). ? = : forum Berleth, Barlath fluvius, Barlath. "% % – , ", # - + . ( . <. $= #% *berlo (+, +) =" -dj. (%, + = + % # BARA ALDA : BARA ALDA > BARALD(A) > BARLAD > BĂRLAD. <% D () - % : (), (<) (!. II-7-2 . +). ? ' <" (@@ .) + s r r œ U'(& <: êå èé êá ’ÁëäÞóêïéï êá äáôá ÐáíôéêÜðáï [Dionys. Perieg., 314]. D ( . ' + % ". ? % %, + < . ( =" (), =+ # % <. '= , + U'(& - ! + + D'((, = (&. )- ) [!. Nied. Sl. st., I-1, 178]. < $ "+% %# #!, + ' <" - – &, (@@@ . . .), < (@ . . .). ?! % U'(& < - %, + + % ". ( # . ) (. )=$) [Hdt., IV, 48]. < , + +

48 " # + < ("+ =- <% [Ist. român., I, 410]. F + . <-" #$ #% % %, + =" – <- , . (% % = . ( - = % !, + . U'(& ' <" ! . . ‡DU' (U'). < ! – ALD(A) -ESK. ( #= =" - % + % – D(& (), (& ($). "$ % # (), % ($). ? % # , + + (, ) + . + U'-U'(& = . (= % ALDA ! +- I % ( Áëäáíåò), # ($) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4; ), 437]. (?. $) (?. $, )=, Z. D==, '. '+) [Beš. Prok., 104]. & E ! # ! Ïëäçíïò, *ïëäá ( (%) [Detsch. Spr., 57, 340], % + " A > Ǎ > O ALDA > OLDA. & % # . ! . <=+ ALDA -ANI. +- ‘! () ’. ? ! # #% % () . E = == " U'. / - %% (V@–V@@@ .). <- + # # – U' (ALDI). ?% % U' (U') " % " . ? % @@@ . . . " + . # (D. % - "+ == <%- -U=$, +% " "+ " % @ . . . [Ist. român., II, 668]. ' + . () , % % # . ( . )=% K! )) # " % ". ", + ", + U', # . * #% "% # "+ " %. & +- < ( ', <% €==, D=, =, <% '=+$) =$, =. ( - - ! . * " =" #% – % . < @ . (D)-D&(U # =! - + . < " +- [< , 668–669].

4 <% , + @ () 49 -5-2. %, %

, %, + - . < , + #% *led (lend) ‘##- , ’ [SSI-1, 12]. % "" + Lendizi, % " ( #, " " + ( #) [Nový, R. Die Anfänge, 146]. < = - ! % % d > dz, # % #=% , =% # =+ . ? =+% LE(N)G > LE(N)Z LEND > LENDZ. (= ljadsky (%Š). U - " JA " $ # -, . . % = Ä, JA =. D= % -# +% LAD, %% ALD(A). UE' ! # K"- + <$. D U (), (. )  . ? (?) " ? %, % * =". ' + " %% U': ALDA > LADA. ? -" V(A) ‘, ’ % : 1. V-ALDA > VALADA > VOLODA # -AVA + - – VOLODAVA. ? =+% . 2. V-ALDA > VALADA > VLADA ( ). '# – -AVA -KA: VLADAVA > VLADAVKA. + % "" Lendizi, " % ! # , # (. % + ALDI: 1. ALDI > LADI > LJADI 2. ALDI > LÄDI > LEDI > LENDI -ICI > LENDICI, - IČI > LENDIČI, -ANI > LENDJANI. =+ 1. LJADI; 2. LENDI; 3. LENDICI; 4. LENDIČI; 5. LENDJANI. % "= #%, + # = . # %. ? "! % % ! #- : 1. ? % @ + @@ . + . U' () + U' # =+ ". 2. % $ # != ( * =", + ALDA – U' ?U'?.

50 3. < %% (V@–V@@@ .) # % – UE', U', U'M, U'|, U'E.

II-5-3. , +

&U'M =!$ , # % % #%" #, != ( ' )=. ? @–@ . - : COLODICI, KOLEDIZI regio, COLODIKI, pagus COLODIKI, locus COLIDICI (. Kolditz), CHOLIDIKI [Nied. St. sl., III, 115–116]. <-= + # % U', + ! ALDA. % % . " ", &U'M ". < @ . %! =% . < ! LADA, -" K (< K) (. . , ‘, ’) -IKI, -ICI, -IČI. + LADA, % " LED(A), LOD(A) " A > Ä > E; A > Ă > O. -ICI, -IČI -IKI. & LADA ALDA . |% == : KO-LAD(A)-IKI > KOLADIKI > KOLEDIKI > KOLIDIKI (-ICI, -ICI); KOLADIKI > KOLODIKI (-ICI, -IČI). *+ ‘! () U (U')’. D+ ELDE ! # ALDA. & ALBIS – ELBA (A > E); ALTA > ELTA (VELTI). D" = % &U'M # + U' (). <% U' ' " + * =". = + U', + # UE'. '=" U' ! % , ? " #. "% . ? % + %#- ! U – U'. ‹ + , % % – . . &U )=% (!. . +).

-5-4. &

? = + " % - +: „ " D=. $$ '=% $ = U!L", $ %“ [?. .]. D ? + U! " U". " ? " + . ? +  .

51 ( U'F + U' -F: ALDA > LADA > LAD-OGA -OGA < OKA < AKA. = ! . U' (). * U) ! - U) (E), ?U? U? () (!. . +). . )=% K! ), % '=. ( = , – „ % '= U! “, " # #% -# %.

II-6-1. , ,

<%% ALMA ! # "= + - : 1. = – (. U, '=, ( "%) - ( . ". U) = '=; Almus (); Almo [Tab. Peut., 7, 5; It. Ant., 219, 4; Not. Dign. r., 42, 10, 19; Iord. Get., 266]; Áëìoò [Proc. De aed., IV, 6]. <+ = ! # + % , + " # = . D+- = " = - == U) ( ). 2. F – „ad Almanam urbem...“ [Liv., 44, 26, 7], " % . (?). 3. F – ’ÁëìÞíç ðoëéò [St. Byz., 76, 10], % M [Detsch. Spr., 12]. 4. < , . /=$ ", ( ), (- – E N #% – Almus mons [SHA, Prob., 18; Eutrop., IX, 11]; ñïò ôé Áëì í [Dio Cass., LV, 30]. E 5. Áëìáôáß – % +" ( .) [C. Porph. De adm., 42]. 6. U, % . '#, % U=, : Almate [It. Ant., 269, 1]; Lamatis [Tab. Peut., 8; Geogr. Rav., IV, 19]. ? =+% % – + Almatis > Lamatis. I 7. ? " #: Áëìïò (+ % %); E Áëìßíç (# K" ) [%, . <", 89]. "% ALMA . *Áëìïò .. *Ïëìïò ‘#%’ (. . ulmus). ? + =+ #% " #% [&, . ., 44; /, . +, 341; $, . ) U, 1703]. '=" # % + . almati ‘- ’ [Durid. Thr.-dak., 15, 16]. & ULM(A) + : 1. W= – mutatio Ulmo [It. Burd., 566, 5; U, @, 40] – % != (, . | #", <, (#%. 52 2. W= – Ulmos vicus [It. Ant., 131, 3; U, I, 28]; Ulmo [It. Burd., 563, 4] – % ' <% . , #. ?. ™ § 3. Ulmetum (); Ï ëìéô í [Proc. De aed., IV, 7; ), 441] – (=) = . < (=, #. &, ( '#=! [TIR, L-35, 75]. '=" % "+ ALMUS ( . almus ‘’) – ?. $, (. )- , '. '+, /, – &. &, ) [Beš. Prok., 119]. (%, + ALMA %. < + ALMUS – U) + . ". U + - % % % : ALMA > ALAMA > LAMA > LAM(‡) > LOM(‡). <+ % # + AL- ( - ), ALA- ! (! # + ). *+ % = ALMA ! ‘, - , ’ . ëîìú . U. ( - % "= + -" : . U) – = (, <, ?), . . . U), + ‘=, %, , , ’ – - + " % = *LAM‡ [D, @@@, 297]. & . . !, . $, % (%), . !. ' # - " (- . Ä). . . U‡) ‘’ [D, @@@, 555] ! =+ LAM A >  (%). . U – + +%: +=, =$, %; . – #; . – +=, $; . lom – +.; ; . – +=, $, "; . – +.; . lom – +., ; . lom – +=, $, ; . *lam [ , 464]; . lam; . lam; . lahm ‘=, ’. <% " % , - =+ % " – LAM, L‡M, LEM, LOM. < - , – . ? + U) (U)W() = - – F ' U " + ". U = . ? + " : U (1454), U" (1560), . Lomgrad (1701), U , & U [!, . , 108]. ' . U = =: = – (1639), % – % (1777), <= – % (1591), <% – [< , 112], . <. + # ## ""% - % # % # - . < V@–@V . . . " == U) %#

53 DU. <% '=- != ( ) # # #. & % @ . . . )*, + , "!, U). < ). U. & 29–28 ". . . )* + , # + = - % )*E 15 ". . . ? + - , + U), +% .

-6-2. , 0-&+

' + % =, ALMA. % =+ -" DA (> DO ‘, , ’) + ‘ U)’: DA-ALMA > DALMA. Ü 1. ' (Δ ëìáôáò) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4; ), 438] – D- # ( . <, + (#%). ( -. 2. ( =" +, +% -" ". = U %# Dalmana [), 172, #. 137]. =!$ # # " . ( = 'U)|-FU)M. ? @–@ . - : DELEMCHION, DALMATAE, DALMATII, DALAMENSAN, TALAMINZI, DALMANTIA, DALAMANCI, DALAMINZE, DALMINIZE, DELEMINCI, DALAMINCI, THALAMINCI, TALEMENCE, provincia DALAMINZA, DALMATIA pagus, DALMANTIA, DELEMINZE, TALMENCE, THALEMENCHE [Nied. Sl. st., III, 119]. W + : „... in provintiam quam nos Teutonice Deleminci vocamos, sclavi autem Glomaci appellant.“ =#% , =" %. U. % : „*% "+ "+ – % - "+ $ – “ [Nied. Man., I, 453]. '=" %, + [SSS, 1958, 36]. #% ! "+ - + # . < 'U)| ! + + #=. ? DALMATAE, DALMATII, DALMINZE, DALMINIZE, TALMENCE ! - ALMA # %, ! : AL (> ALA) > LA. + % ! #% = + - . ( : 1) -" DA (. ); 2) ALMA; 3) : -ATI; -INICI; -INCI; -ANCI; -ENCI. < DELEMINCI, TALEMENCE # A > E (. $- !).

54 ? DALAMA "= ALAMA LAMA, " -" DA. ?+ – DALMA, + ‘! ’. '=" : GLOMACI, GLUMICI, GLOMUZI, ZLOMIZI, ZLOMEKIA. ( Lomatsch Glomuzi [Nied. St. sl., III, 119–120]. # # O > U - , G > Z + : -EKI; -ACI; -ICI; -IČI; -UCI. '=" – GLOMAČI (GLOMACI), ! # %% ALMA, -" KA (, , ) -AČI (-ACI). D " + : 1. KA-ALMA-AKI > KALMAKI > KLAMAKI > KLĂMAKI > KLOMAKI > GLOMAKI > GLOMAČI ( GLOMACI) 2. LOM ( ALMA) -" K(A) -AČI (-ACI): K(A)-LOM-AČI > KLOMAČI > GLOMAČI. ?% ! # %% (V@–V@@@ .). < % + % . = % -AKI (%) %- -AČI, -ACI (K > Č K > C "). *+ ‘! (, ) U)’, . . . ! # #% = % !. „“ - , =" "= . 'U)|-FU)M % #%" U: " + )=, . <. <-! #: & (Corin), '# (Doblin), F (Gana), )" (Mogilina), ) (Misna). ! ! - % )( ()*). % (. ( "%) U)-U), . . U) # . =, # , " # % # , = % % . '=- # U)W(-U) % . <- U# (#) # (!. . +). ( % DD-DD + (!. = @@-17-1). % 'U)|-FU)M # ! # "! + - .

55 -6-3.

( GLAMA, GLOMA ( KALMA), "+ <#, " # % % , : 1. D F% <$, <, F, % . 2. GLAMOČ – %! %. 3. GLAMOČ – . < LAM, . . % LAM > LOM. 4. F+ – (#%.

-6-4.

<% % #=% , ALMA, # + % "- U) (U)). %% , - % " . <- % % + @@@ . * & 213 ". "- " D% , " . ) ! [Dio Cass., 77, 13, 4]. # , "!, " # " + ) = D. & 260 ". # % != '= D. + % F F% D% [Die Germ., II, 338– 342]. < @@@ @V . $ + % # - %. ( % =!# . < 496 ". # # !. #+ # + V@@@ . (Lex Alamannorum). ? # , % % # %. " ) (V@ .) . &= (@@@ .) . + „# = “ [Agath., 1, 6]. <- " , + % "=, + . ) $ () D- )W'WD. <% % . # "= # ! (reges) # - , %" !. ?! # - . (+ % " D =" - . "!, ! 496 ". " =%- [Die Germ., II, 337–338]. "% ! . Allmänner Al- lmanen + ‘! ’ (#=. ‘+ !’). ( (V@@ .)

56 #! : „ '= + . U=, % , !, # . U= (iuxta Lemannum fluvium), + (Alemanni)“ [Isid. Hisp., IX, 2, 94]. #% =# "% Allmanner, # #, + ( -"+ - . * F ), # 260 ". " + % (213 ".), !- . ) # # – ( # – *. % "+ [Die Germ., II, 366]. <+ % , + - % , % # (=!). -"+. + ( . U)W( (A)LAMAN ( (A)LAM -AN). =+ 'U)|. / ALAMANI ! 'U)|-FU)M. # U)-U) =-U, =" - . D : 1) ALMI ( ALMA # ); 2) # -ANI: ALMA-ANI > ALMANI > ALAMANI > ALEMANI. / ALMAN(N)I, ALAMAN(N)I, ALEMAN(N)I - "% . + U)-U), = #, + , + "= + („#- = “) – " %. *+ ", " + ), % # + () D)W'WD. ? + - # # ! # # - @–@@ . . . < + ) % % @@ . & # # - – U). ( - % % ! =%. ? F ) 260 ". – != F '= F D, "% # + # $ +% % # .

-7-1. # ()

D + + % '=. % $ # (%), + - " K! & ?$ " '=. + ALT(A). & - ! I ¡ : „'=" " – ( Ατλας), (Α ρας) # (Τιβίσις), + = % ,

57 “ [Hdt., IV, 49; Izvoare, I, 32]. '= &. # . $ ($, $), , ALT(A) – + # – -lt- > -tl-. ( % '% % + "+ . & ALT(A) ! #: E þ 1. Altinum [Not. Dign. Or., XL, 28]; Áëôçí í [Proc. De aed., IV, 7, 11] . . , . &, D= '#=! [TIR, L-35, 223]. 2. Altina – ' <% [TIR, L-34, 27]. 3. Altinum – ' <% [< ]. 4. Ultinsium vicus ( W=) [Detsch. Spr., 348] – '#=!, #- =. ! "! ALT(A) > OLT(A) > ULT(A). 5. U – mutatio Latina [It. Burd., 566, 7; U, @, 40] – != . < < % ("== – (. / % - ALTINA AL > LA. <% 333 ". I 6. Áëôïò – % # (= [Theagenes – Steph. Byz., 78, 18]. ( UW) % (?. $), - (&. &, )), , (?. $, )=) [Beš. Prok., 125]. / ALT + %% =" = @@@ . [DRH, D, I, 1]. % = " K"+ %, + % + @@ . ? ="- $ = 1372 1392 ". – Alt [DRH, D, I, 103]. < U() % (F. <+, . D), (. DL- ), (. '"=), (&. &), (?. $), - (. ) [Busoioc, R. Câra, 219 . .]. + U() % – - #. – L, ', WU (!. -=).

-7-2. # (),

/ OLT(A) + %% % + "- ALT(A) – A > Ă > O (> U). + =" = 1233 ". (Olth, Olt), ="$ – 1388 ". (Îëòú). = =". (Wëòåö) , (Wëòýíè), (Wëòýíèöà), % + ?$ – %. / U), + , ! % -MAN, % () % (!. -=).

58 * U()-U() = + D (). DU % #%" K"+ %. %% " ="% @@ 1224 ". , K! % – BORALT [Zimmermann-Werner, I, 31; DIR, C, veac. XI–XII, XIII, I, 208–210]. & + ! (!. = @@-5-1). " % %% : (-<D(& (!. . +).

-7-3. # 8

< + '= - UW. + @@–V@ .: E ™ ™ 1. Áëïýôá ôï ðïôáìï [Ptol., 3, 8, 2; Izvoare, I, 542–543]. 2. Ponte Aluti ( . Pons Aluti ‘ =’) [Tab. Peut., 7, 5; Izvoare, I, 740–741] – % != D= =, % #%" . 3. Aluta fluvio [Iord. Get., 74]. '" ! , + + + " U. ? % #. ALUTA % + ALT(A): ALTA > ALATA > ALǍTA > ALOTA > ALUTA. ALATA % ! . ? $ () % # # LATA + ". * ALUTA ! # ! - ALT(A). "!, UW # ! %- '% # %. % % - + +%. ( "% ' 275 ". „%“ " =" + .

-7-4. 8

D+ UW < = + #% <WU(. + &. <- % '%. ! , % " <WU( (Ðïôïõëá- ôÞíóéïé) – != U&( (( [Ptol., III, 8, 3; Izvoare, I, 543]. '- . % (!. = @@-4-1), () %# # . )=% . (D (!. . +). ? =+ % <WU( . UW + != K!- & '=. ! % < =. =" , # <WU( ! # < =. D = &. <

59 #= -çíóéïé. < ! POT-ULAT- ENSII: 1) POT ! ! PONTE – N ( ?); 2) ULAT "% ALUT() # % " A-U > U-A. + # %# # PONTALUTENSII. #! : % , ! . < "% (Pons Aluti) = . =. %# # " % '%. ? =+ = !- .

-7-5. # 8

<" % '% #% = () [Tab. Peut., VIII, 1; Izvoare, I, 741]. % = % ==. ) . . <% , . ?+, % #%" . % 137–138 ". = - # " [TIR, L-35, 27]. = + ?. $ [Tom. Thr., II, 2, 54]. " + , <- " , % + % – % L > R != ". ! # # %% (- ). ARUTELA ==: 1. ARUTA, % ALUTA L > R 2. -ELA – = % ! %, -  ! # . = =% -ELA, ‘ = (=)’. +, # % %, %# + % % . ? + ! +- -" % = . % , . . ) . K! & # = #- . (+ )=% != ~= . ( - % + DW # U()- U(), = DWU – , . . .

-7-6. # , ,

< K! & . UDW (LOTRU), % " U=. % U= -"% . U (Latoria). < = UD @@@ . =" "! Lotriwar (Lotrioara). ?% % , .

60 + ALT(A) -AR. D- % +: 1. ALT(A)-AR > ALTAR > ALATAR > LATAR > LATRA > LOTRA (. LOTRU) 2. ALT(A)-AR >ALTAR > ALATAR > LATAR # -ICA (=- ) # +: UD|, UD(), . . ‘) UD()’; LATARICA > LATORICA (. Latoria). ? + -AR U() ! - # % % = . =- +: (& ((&) – (&D, D&-D&D (!. @@. 14-1), ?-?D (?D). < ! UD (UDW) – LATAR – - + U (Ëáôáñéêίïí) [Theph. Sim. Hist., VII, 2; Izvoare, II, 542–543]. % # ! # '= – != E= . ( #% 596 ". LATAR -IKI, % (!. -=).

-7-7. # , , , , ,

< U() =+ U. =# . &- " ! " : 1. U() – UÖ, 1628 ". [DRH, 13, XXII, 98] – . . / (Făcăieni), . E. 2. Latybar (1266 ".), Latobar – + # [DIR, C, II, 78]. % UD, # DU, - D (). % U =+ LATA > LÄTA > LETA > LITA. < " > E + VALTI > VELTI, VELETI; KALTI > KELTI (!. -=). U (LITA) # + -AVA (-VA) =+ LITAVA (LITVA). * % ! () + @@@ . 2 1247 ". ="% " ! %- - ( # (. %). ? % % - !% % =% = . F ! % – %! Z /$, % (, . ( „% %!- U (U) “ (terra kenazatus Lytuoy woiauode), + „% U“ (terra Lytua). <% , + # (ab Olatis) [DRH, B, I, 21–24]. ? " ="% 8 %= 1285 ". " U (U- ) (Lythway wayuoda), #% %

61 , &. ? ! % %. &% =! " F" %# - U, % # =#, "% # # (Barbath) – [DRH, B, I, 30–32]. ( % " 6 1288 ". Lytuay (U?Z) [DRH, B, I, 34–35]. # #% % 70- " @@@ . *% U ! # % #%" . . %. ( , % 1247 1285–1288 ". % +, – U @ U- @@. / " : 1. Lytuoy (LITVOJ); 2. Lytuay (LITVAJ). "% " % LITVA (terra Lytua). <- " + ALTA – LITAVA (LITVA). ? =+% # !=: 1) - , 2) =, 3) %. U"+% ! 3 > 2 > 1: + > > (, + ! ). ?! #% , =" %. " ! =- % = , # . < %% =+ #+ LIT(A)VA ! ALTA-LATA " . ( % @@–@@@ . =+ != K! & '= ! U()?-U()? (# E–I). - = ! # = % , ="% – U @ U @@ (+ – U, U). '=" U ! LATA > LĂTA > LOTA > LUTA. <% A > O > U ! + + ARUTA, ALUTA. < % + " ( ). & U-UW (# O-U) - UKM, % : - – + ()L IČI – (A)LOTIČI > LUTIČI (LJUTIČI). + U -& =+ U&: LATA > LATKA. & ! % - : 1. ( U+() (Lătceni), )=% 2. < (Palathka) – 1296 ". [DIR, C, II, 476] ". &=!. & LATKA # -" PA-.

-7-8. " : : .

+ "% % # # # % ,

62 #=. ) "% %, , "% ! + "+ "- +, -+. ? + – #%% %, # % %- . 1. U() - + + . <%  %# " %. # - ! " + . @@ . "- (. . ), % =#% $ . <%% =" = @@@ . = . 2. U – %% @–@ . " @@–@@@ ., =" . 3. UW – %% @ . . ., + - , #= @V–V . W Z " != %" , . . @@–@@@ . , "!, # - + (Ponte Aluti) – != K! & '=. ? " +, -# (% "), % ! U(). 4. DW – = UW, %% % =#% @V–V . +. % DWU. 6. UD UD %% . ? UD-UD (# AR > RA, HISTER-ISTROS, IATRUS-IETERUS) –@ . % UD. ?% " - $ % UD| > UD|. 7. U ( U() – ! - %% (V@–V@@ .). < V@@@–@ . (%-#"% ) %%  U, U. - + , = . 8. U? %% @–@@ . +, +, ! % @V ., " U. % U-U % #= - %. %# #%, + + + – U(). #" . <% - % + # %% %% . =" , %# + " +. < # % =% ="- % #=% . ( " + U() % - % L # # (!. -=).

63 -7-9. ,

- % + U() %# + , # : ALT(A) > ALTI. = % +, " - = # "+ %. '= ALTIN(A), ! "= + (!. -"), % ! () #" U(). =+ + ALT(A) -INI: ALT(A)-INI > ALTINI. <% " != - + '= % '- %. '=" % U )%, <% (- '% = % '% $- ! (270–275 ".).

-7-10. ,

( (), , % (!. -") - % )=% " # "! =- = U. + OLT(A)-ENI > OLTENI. ?% = - ALTENI V@–V@@@ . <- !, + -ANI (-ENI), -ICI, -IČI, %% . & ! - #= . U. + "= !: 1. < %, # - + @V–V . 2. (% – #, = # # ". ? + V@–V@@ . "+ " ! U. / U) (- U)?) + = W"$ : 1. Oltuman (1234 ".) [DIR, C, I, 231], Oltman (1333 ".) [DIR, C, IV, 56], . Otomani, (=, #. %. 2. ) , ", . F W, &- . ?! % U), #- = + OLT(A) -MANI. (#% % % ## % . % () %, + +- . .

64 -7-11. 8

? +% +! ( M- & " + WU. F. 37: ( + +! ', &. "- #% "% : „'=" + !- % . ' , : # F "%, # ' F "+ =, # # "+ D=%, # # #, s š = (), = (to ò ôå Ï ëôίíïéò), # =" %“ [C. Porph. De adm., 37]. ( +! # # "+ - # (%), , = =" %. - ', % ! + . <% [, . . ?. .], " # # * =" (!. . +). š ? = "% ! , + Ï ëôίíïé + =+ (="+) =+% = %. - + " + !% ! – +% - " . W &. ", . . + = +% . WU % - , =+ ALT(A) > OLT(A). ULT(A) -INI. D = "! : ALT(A)-INI > ALTINI > ĂLTINI > OLTINI > ULTINI. ULT(A) ! Ultinsium vicus ‘ =’, Altinum . (D= '#=!) (!. -"). & ! WU U ( + " ) ! "! " . < % #%" ' (( %), # ". < - "= %, ! ALT(A). 1. D L (UL) – ' # ". <% „ UL“ [ LATA > LÄTA > LETA, #$ ! =% . # ! L. % ! - ALT(A) > OLT(A), = '=. % WU: OLTA-INI > OLTINI > ULTINI.

5 <% , + @ () 65 & % " + L ' = = ! -" #- % =% . 2. F U . ? (% . ". <) [. . – 1174 ".]. ALT(A) + " -AVA. 3. F F <% %! – „ FL“ [ KALTA > GALTA; 2. GALTA > GOLTA -V, -AVA, -VA, -OVA. (% + =% &U =% (!. -=). 5. F UL. ALTA > LTA > L†TO + ". 6. F U=. / !, LUT- ! "! ULT – ULTINI. (! , – ALTA, OLTA ULTA, $ . ? % =+ ALTA > ALATA > LATA > LĂTA > LOTA > LUTA -AVA. '=" =. 7. F < – 1430 ". F . ?, < # W. =+ ALTA, -" PA- (, , ) -AVA; PA-ALTA-AVA > PALTAVA > PĂ LTAVA > POLTAVA. ( PALTA %% =% (!. -=). (%, + % "= '- " =# (), + % WU #. &. " =" % – #!. * =+ - ! # ! #%. ? &. "- #! WU + WFUM. "% + # - %. < " =+ # =" = " – WU - #!. ?! - + WU , ' % WFUM. " V@@@–@ . % ! ! +". & # # "! : ( - ! '# = % " 106 ". + U = . U() + .

66 " ' = % = #%" ?. % – U, &U, <U. %, + (= =" % – (?D (- (?D) (!. . +). '=" U (?D @@–@V . # = !- U. # (D). ! – " ("), % () – (), = =. "- % ? =, " , % =% ! % # [Iord. Get., 247–249]. ", =, + . !. "- + , + % @V – + V . M% ==- % =. ~ + # - V . # – + . , + = " "- - " . U # #, - , = - % = . ? + % U-WU ! # : 1. < U (U) 106 ". =% #!. + % "= („“). 2. < @@@ . % ". 3. & 370 ". % =. 4. < V@–V@@ . " # &WDFWD. ?% %% (V@–V@@@ .) + # # - U-WU. 5. ? % (V@@@–@ .) # %, = & D=% . ?! + WU , + '.

-7-12. , &

& % % WU, + ALT(A) -" -KA =+ - KALTA (> GALTA > GOLTA) + FU, FU (F, F) (!. -"). ( + =% U (U) ! # #=, = %%, %% %-#"% .

67 < & (268–270) = " # + !, . !- $ -" – =$. - # =! # #. E % !- . = # " # - #!. & =% % $- ! ($). „- + , , "==", ", " (), &U (Celtae) = + %+ = %...“ [Script. Hist. Aug., 6, 2; U, @, 65]. # , + &U, +% " #. < $ % - # " 40- – 50- " @@@ . =- #% . < $ &U "$ % =# #%. / "% " , - = @@@ . %. (% # & ! # !% ". <-, " = %+, % & # # = , : „& $ ? & ? & # (Quid equarum Celticarum), " %?“ [Script. Hist. Aug., 9, 5; 6; U, @, 66–67]. ( % + (Celtae). '=" %, ! , = Z- . # != ", /, " + ". < # "% "- % = + , % " # - . (! ". FU( (ad oppidum Galtis), + . W (fluvius Auha) [Iord. Get., 99; Izvoare, II, 422–425]. # != " " ! # 249–250 ". &- # Z, " )% % - / # (244–249) [Iord. Get., 90; U, @, 340]. -: „( " & + =$ )%“ [Iord. Get., 101; U, @, 341]. ( = "% = ", & ( "- % "), ' (249–251). ? ! #= (D") " '. )% ! != " " (". FU( . W) %# # " + . U (UW). + % '% 250 ". . * "% - + , + "+.

68 ?% " ", # % =- '% )%, " + - . ? F% Z #%, + + " . /== (Flutausis) [Iord. Get., 330]. "+ , + @V ., ! M%- ==, " , + )=%. %. ( K"+ %, . . " + , %% "+ - @V–V@ ., % ". <+ = "= != , + % % '% (270–275) . K! & "+ % != " ". * % ". F -= () " # - #!%: 1. D = (Auha) Aluta =+ "- $ " . < L U % U: LU > U, T H. + + Z + Aluta [Iord. Get., 74]. 2. GALT(IS) ! KALTI ( K > G) + ‘ ’. <-" K(A) # +- ALT. % #%" . , = , , " @@ . - % . % #- + " ! () F (Galt), =- – W" (Ungra), =" – W" (Ugra). ? - Noilgiant (1211), = - , Noialt (1222), Galt (1325), Ugra (1733) [Busuioc. Câra, II, 102, not. 246]. ?% % Z " Galtis, &U. '=" K! %, " # - , : 1. Kalatha (1256) – . . & (Călata), &=! [DIR, C, II, 17; DRH, C, X, 37, 302] 2. Kald (1332) – . . F (Galda), =, . #. < = Z % &U, % @V . # , + "% @V .: Golthescytha, Thiudos, Inaunxis, Vasinabroncas, Merens, Mordens, Imniscaris, Rogas, Tadzans, Athaul, Nauego, Bubegenas, Coldas [Iord. Get., 116; % Golthescytha !. ('<(, @, 150–151, #. 180–181]. ?+ = + = !% . . , % "" . ? =+% " Coldas () % - % &U ( " &U – !. =) + -. (#!% : 69 1. / COLD(AS) + KALTI: KA- ALTA > KALTI > KALDI > KOLDI. 2. < $ ! % "% ! # % , , !% ="- # # + . ? =+% + %- K! & " "- . ( # %# - % # " . ) )=%. % $ " # $ +- . * " + "- % + . E = @V–V ., V@ ., " !% Z, # # +, "% . ' - # &U %#"% (V@@– .) ! # W" %. < = % @ . ! $ # + #=%. - % != )=$, , '= & (. ) =% FU', + dux. & W" , " )=$ '= [Anonymus, XLIV]. )!- % ! +, % FU'. % " #" . $,  % FU'. " + + =, #" # (Cumanorum et Bulgarorum atque Blacorum). )! " #, # " ! = % #", % FU' #%" & '=. ( # F # = . =" % FU' , + „% = ? (Bundyn)“ [< , @]. " # =, +% % # )- #" )=$. =, # =+ ?, " ="% ( @ + @ . ! = % FU' % - + !%, . ' #- " =+ #% , ?, #" , "% # - % #" !. + % #" %# # &= =". ? # , FU': 1. ' F – ?% )=$

70 2. Galad (1446 ".) – + 3. Geled (1177 ".) 4. Gladova (1332 ".), . & 5. Ghilad – ! )=$ 6. < Glad, . F +, (# [Pop, I.-A. Românii, 119]. (% , + ! % FU'. % =" %, " ! % % % . = # - ! =" $ – - , &U. /+ # # : KALTI > GALTI (. GALTIS ) > GALDI > GLADI; KALTI > KALDI > KLADI (. &). ?! "= % &U-FU' # @V–V@ . % + . FU' ! , = (&, F). ? % =% # =- " $ # . % &U " # - % "+ : 1. " + . U() =+ != % #+ ". (#= % ?" . % . K"+ %, K! &. #- = + ALT(A) -" K(A): K(A)-ALT(A) > KALTI. + ‘! ( , ) () ()’. < - + &U (> FU, Galtis = Z) -% % + #%" . W" (W", F). 2. ( % % + %, % # -# – " # + % %. ?% + &U " -" + (), "- % '%. 3. &U # &D<, # + &. < @@@ . % = '% ' )- % % % =+ " ", $ <#. 4. % " % =% 249–250 ". " K"+ % % &U # #. 5. < != " " $ ! &U (FU). 6. F% % ", % , % # " ", % %-

71 50- ", 262 267–268 ". < = - =+ &U, ! ! $ %. 7. ( "% % % '% #$ % + %-#!. ? = (. )=%, D= ) D=# )) ", . – ". ?! @V . &U # - " (") ! Z- &U'. 8. < @V–V . % K! % % "- . "+ V@–V@@@ . "% ! != % ". 9. ?% &U ! . . < + FU'-FU'. # =" % – 'D, <F. 10. ? + @ . #" &= =" = % = . < % # #- " =. < % FU' # + - # () ?. 11. < % . ( @ (893–927) ! % != )=$, '= K! &. ( $% = F #- +. 12. " + @ . # =, =% - ) . )=$. & ( @ () - % = - # =" (M). % FU' # + - =" !.

-7-13. , &+

? + %, " - % '%, "= KOLT: 1. Kwlthy (1429) – . Coltău ( . &), . )=$ [DHR, D, I, 170] 2. Kolt (Kult) – + , . [DIR, C, IV, 56] 3. Kolto, Coltău – . Catălina, . (= ). / KOLT KALT(A) > KĂLT(A) > KOLT(A). % "% + + ALT(A) > OLT(A). # + () &U, =% " . D= #% = ". F+ < %!: „= F+L“ – 1071 ". [

72 GOLOTIČ -ESK. "% % - -IČI. ? =+% GOLOT. % ! KOLT: KOLT > GOLT > GOLOT (! ). ( ! = + &U, V@–V@@ . + # -IČI. "= &U " %, ! ", - " " + . '. ## % FUM " F+. F- + # <UM ( <) 'DW ( '=) – (). U ". & % ?EM, . [- , . . ?. ., 143]. =+ KOLT -ESK. " ! # "= &U, ! ?EM . / GOLT + – F, F, % U-WU, () (!. - ").

-7-14. ,

=+ + + ALT(A) -" V(A)-: V(A)-ALT(A) > VALT(A). *+ ‘!- ( ) U()’. ( . ? (Vltava), # (U#) M%. '# -AVA. +- , "!, % ?U . (). ! # #% , % ()-() = Z- % ": „? (% ", + #% " += . % + #, "- " % "% '=, – /UWW*( (Flutausis), # " !, = % “ [Iord. Get., 33; U, @, 336]. D "": „?+ '=. /= (Flautasis) " . (% " Z + % “ [Geogr. Rav., IV, 14; U, @, 398]. <-" % #%, + . () " != " ". D+ Flutausis-Flautasis % -ausis, % Nemausos-Nîmes (/%). - ! "$ – + #= F. " # # ALUTAUSIS, + "% # % - + ALUTA. '=" ! FLUTAU-S-IS # "! % % + -AV(A). - ! # V-LUT-AV(A) V > F. =+

73 -" V(A), LUTA ( ALUTA + , - # LATA), ALT(A) -AVA. < ALT(A) % : VA-ALT(A)-AVA > VALTAVA > VLATAVA > VLOTAVA > VLUTAVA (> FLUTAV-) VALTAVA > VOLTAVA > VLOTAVA > VLUTAVA. & , ?U (), " # + %: 1. . Feldwar (1322), Földwar, . Marienburg, . Feldioara – % #%" . , /"$, . $ [Busuioc, Cărta, II, 41]. "- % ! . föld ‘%’, war ‘", ’. 2. '=" / (Feldioara) – % #%" . , " +, = % , . $. 3. Vilzendorff (1340), Fela, . Floreşti, ("$, F%- , . / Vilzen ?U|, % ?U <#. * Föld (Fâld), Feld =" ! - % % : VALT-VELT > VALD-VELD > FALD-FELD. < = # =". + % ?U ! # - " + (), % =+ != % ?- "$ % "= . . $. + , , &U. "!, , ! , "+ . < ?U # = ?U (?U). ?% +% #%" %# # . / = . < " @@ . + % . ( #! " # - #!. + % <# # ?U. < @–@ . % + . ?U-?U, - % – ?U| UKM. - = & < (@@ .). < + (% +: „... #! šÝ ?% (Ï ëôáé), % ,  #“ [Ptol., III, 5, 10; ('<(, @, 50–51]. š Ý < : „ (% " " – (Ï åí äáé) % ? ...“ [Ptol., III, 5, 7] ? ! ?% , &. <, % ?U, "!, – ! # + = ?. ' %-?U # !=+ – #.

74 ( &. < , + @@ . ?U-?U " #!, - . "= ?-?' # + @ . % +- (!. = @@-11-3). ?U ?U, + ! !- % #% != % + - . < @– . : VELETABI, VELATABI, VUELITABI, WLOTABI [Nied. Sl. st., @@@, 132–134]. ? - + +, + ?U ! , " + ?U|. ? & ? = ?U| 789 ". # % , ! #" , #% + ?U ( ?U), ?U| – „quae propria lingua veletabi, francica autem Wilti vocantur“ [Einh. Ann. a. 789]. <# #% =" : „sclavis, qui nostra consultudine Wilzi, proprie vero, id est sua locatione Weletabi dicuntur“ [Vita Car., XII]. * ! ", % =- . <" %% vel- ‘"%’. ( # + -et = # ‘’. * ?U , - , " # ! #%%. +, VALTA, % VELTI # -, . . + %% = Ä ALT(A). KALTI- KELTI (Geled), LATA-LETA (Letec), % . / VELTI - # ?U – @@ . (&. <). <% VELTI > VELETI % ! - . < # # VLETI – " # + . VLTAVA, Flutausis (Z) =% = WLOTABI. * % %# # + #. *$ - AL-LA (OL-LO) " A > O, ALUTA (< ALOTA < ALATA < ALTA) OLT (< ALTA). + WLOTABI -" #% FLUTAUSIS (Z). '=" – VUELITABI =% E > I ": VELETABI > VELITABI. #% ! # - "= + – LITAVA. / VELETABI =+ + ALTA-APA ( # -APA ‘, ’): VA-ALT(A)-APA > VALTAPA > VELTAPA > VELTABA > VELETABA > VELETABI. * APA > ABA ! + – , =" , =+ -AVA + . % %%

75 %% # = %% (V@–V@@@ .) % (@–@@ .) '=" =- = + =+% ?D? % " – ' #. ? WARNABI VARNAVI [Nied. Sl. st., @@@, 127] = ABA > AVA + (. ?D?), . = VARN(A), % + – VARNA – VARNI. ( ABA ( APA ‘’) VARNABA-VARNABI, % B > V != " =+ VARNAVA-VARNAVI. ? =+% ALTA + , - , % ! ABA-AVA. <% % + VELETABI, % – + " - LITAVA (LITVA). ? VILTI =+ VELTI % E > I. ! + LATA > LETA > LITA > LIT(A)VA, #$ = ()-(). % + ?U- ?U % #! ( = D (. % "%). * % + Wilton, #- Wiltshire, % Wiltuni, Wiltunisci [Nied. Sl. st., @@@, 135]. ( '+ W oppidum Wiltorum (Wiltaburg) [Beda. Hist. Eccl., V, 12]. ? % # ?U (provincia Veletaborum) [Łowm. Pocz., II, 53]. ( ("= (V@@ .) " % % : Slata, Hunna, Horna, Hudna, Hussi-dina, Hussen, Suinum, Wendeldyk, Wideniz, WILTENBERG [- =, . , 187]. % ?U D " =+ + ?U - FU, (&( K % . % @@@–V .

-7-15. 0

? V@@@–@ . % != #, + ?U|. ? - : WILZI, WILTZI, VILTI, WILTI, VUILCI, UUILCII, WULZI, VULSI; – WILTIA, WILCIA [Nied. Sl. st., @@@, 132–134; ('<(, @@, 442, 451, 462]. & + -", VILTI VLTI =%. ?- % > C =+ VILCI: VELTI > VILTI > VILCI. ? #= + % „“ – % > C ". ?U| (VILCI) - = ! () % . (. . vlk, . våłk, . vjelk, . wiłk, . vilk. (= #%, + + % = , -

76 @– . D + – # , "% # % . ?! = <# (. . V@@– .) ?U-?U|. 1. Wilzendorff (1340), Fâla, . Floreti, ("$, F% , . 2. Villa Vilkani, villa Volkani (1332) [DIR, C, IV, 56], , =. 3. < 1166 ". % Vilcina [DIR, C, I, 9]. 4. " ?+ (Vâlcea) Râmnicu Vâlcea – % #%" . %: ñóäñòâî Âëú÷ý (1628) [DRH, B, XXII, 88]. 5. < Vâlcan (= Vulcan) – != ~= )= . F!, . ?+. 6. Walko [DRH, C, XII, 59, 81, 262], . Valcău de Jos, #. (!. 7. Wlkow [DRH, C, XII, 295], . Văleni. 8. Szaszvolkany (. Volkany), . Wolkendorf, . Vulkan, . $. = " "%, + V@@@–@ . # ?U-?U| %! [Die Slawen, 14–15; Dralle, L. Slaven, 95–105]. "% „ “ (reguli) ?U|, +% . ?U| # !# $% .

-7-16. >+

< @–@@ . # ?U| + + - UKM. + %%, + = % : „... populi qui ab illis Wilzi a nobis dicuntur Leutici“ [Adam., III, 21]; „Leuticos, qui alio nomine Wilzi dicuntur“ [< , II, 19]; „Wilzos habent, qui allo nomine Leutici vocantur“ [Ann. Sax. a. 952]; „gens Wilzorum qui Lutici apellantur“ [Ann. Quedl. a. 789]. ? : LUTICI, LIUTICI, LIUTIZI, LIUTIZII, LOUTICI, LEUTICI, LUTOICI; % : LIUTICIA, LEUTICIA [Nied. Sl. st., @@@, 134]. "+ # ! . ljut ‘’. & ! % -IČI. LJUT-LUT ! # + () – ALUTA, LOTA. D ! : 1. ALTA > LATA > LOTA IČI: LOTIČI > LUTIČI > LJUTIČI. 2. ALUTA + " A - IČI. D+ LOTWA <# ! # LOT-IČI (> LUTIČI). ? D% "" (V@@ – + V@@@ .) . Vistula (?) + . UW: et fluvius qui nominatur Lutta [Geogr. Rav., IV, 4]. /- LUTA "% ALUTA + ALT(A) + " A. ?% + UW, U? #- UKM. ? LUTIČI (>LJUTIČI)

77 ! % LUTA. & # -", ?U & < (@@ .) # = ?(WU (?). ? =+% =+ - # ?U UWM . UW ( + V@@@ .). %% "= !, + - % ?U- UKM = ?. @@ . '% ? % V– V@ . < ! + #. UKM #= =" + %. )! # "= % (), -+ + (ALUTA), % ?U-?U. % ALUTI (LOTI) =+ % -IČI V@–V@@@ . - ?U. < % ?U-?U (?U|, UKM) ! # : 1. < ?U-?U % " + () - &U. " # ?U (?U). 2. < " @@ . + - " #!. ?U + % "=. 3. <- = + !=+ – #, # " . < @V–V@ . =+ , " = D, (- F% (). ?U (?U, ?U). M ?U % @V–V . " . 4. F= ?U " " + # (U#). =- , =+ , - -AVA (VLTAVA). F# ?U + "=- +$ . 5. <# ?U-?U V@@@–@ . - , "% .

-7-17. , (), +

ALT(A) -" PA (o) PALTI + ‘! () ()’. (= # - # = + % = #%" – =- < (<). 1. < &: „ " + = = %, " =% – , < (Ðáëáôßïëïí) , =" – (, “ [Proc. De aed., IV, 6; Izvoare, II, 467; ), 440].

78 ( (= % = #%" # =- . . M (Celei). , & ?. E < # =- % = #%", # ". = = . 2. & = ( #% 602 ". < (# ). ? #== = ) '=, % , . „* . ( d =+, $ < ( í Ðáëáóôüëù), %“ [Theoph. Sim., VIII, 6; Izvoare, II, 550–551]. D ( , + < - =% #%". ! #== (=-<. / < (Ðáëáóôüëïí) = < & (Ðáëáôßïëïí). '# σ ι (-ïë . -ιïë). <% ! # PALATIOL PALATOL. PALAT(I) "% PALTI ! : PALTI > PALATI (> PLATI). % - + -OL ! ! -ALI (> -OLI), % #= . . = „" “. " PALAT(I)ALI > PALAT(I)OLI. E # % - (). F= % % # % #%", = = (). < = # - + . "!, PALTI, - POLTI > POLOTI (> PLOTI), + . 1. (= < (< ") – * '- . ? =  ". < (<). < – Plota Plock, , = < (! ). 2. < (.), Peltew (.), % * =" F%. - POLT + -(A)VA. ? % % " > . ALT(A) % Ä % =" – VELTI-VELETI, KELTI, LETA. 3. < (Poltwa) – . % ?%. 4. < (.), Połtew (.) – . . 5. < – " . ?, % ', % U-WU. 6. < (Poltua) – 1371 ". [DRH, I, 58] – . < . < (<) * ' #= == " = – < (<, <). ( - : „... $ ' $% +, +L , %! +L 79 '=, % <, % $% + [...]. #L ! +$ %!L ", =" <, ! - +... # L %ŠL D=: %, %, ="L, - +, "+ [...]. ... %+ #Ö$ <L=“ [ POLTA – - + . % -ESK #= ". POLTESK(‡). POLTA > POLOTA – , =% , + " - ‘"’. < Plota . <% POLTESK > POLOTESK > POLOTSK ( -ESK > -SK) > POLOCK ( TS > C) – . Płock. < =+ + POLOTA ! -ČANI – POLOTČANI. '= = - POLOTIČI, % "% % V@–@ . -IČI. ? =+% „“ , , % % ==. <UM + < %!. <% <U + # - + -"=, " = + . < - PALT  ! =+ =" . PALT-PLAT, . PLAT‡ ‘ , , ’, . POLT‡, . < ( ) : <, <- , <, < #, <, . < ( . () [D]. )! # , % K! &- : 1. <= (Păltinul) – <ó, 1520 ". [DRH, B, II, 194]. 2. <% (Polatiştea) – <ý, 1540 ". [DRH, B, IV, 98]. ( - < (Păltineni) <$ (Păltiniš). % - PALTA (< ALTA) "= % W"%: 1. < (. Újpalota, . Palota, . Neupalota) – 2. Palatha (1256), Palota (1366) [DIR, C, II, 20] – + #. M. 3. Várpalota – #. ?. * # <U ! #! ! : 1. # + () = +, % % = #+ ". (#=. . . <$. <U # &U. 2. < + " . & + , "= = F% ?- %. '=" ! , " * '. 3. ) "= <UU @ @@@–@V . = = () = =!# "+.

80 4. W ' <U #=, - =+ %% (V@–V@@@ .) <UM. <-- < %!.

-7-18. +

UM # % . # . , ( )= #. ? " . - : NELETICI, NELETIKI, NIELETIZE. ? =- + #, UM: GIUICANSTEN (Giebikenstein) DOBROGORA (Halle), =- " Vurcine (Wurzen) . )= TURGUO (TORGAVA) # [Nied. Sl. st., @@@, 116]. < #= , ! + ALTA (> LATA > LETA), -" NA (. ) IKI (> ICI; > IČI). ( ‘! (, ) () U’. F + (A > ) + " VELTI-VELETABI. |% : NA-ALTI > NALTI > NELTI > NELETI (-IKI) > NELETIKI > NELETICI (> NELETIČI). / # NALTI- NELTI (NELETI) %# # %% , . . V . |%% , + -IKI % %% ,  -ICI, -IČI - %% (V@–V@@@ .) % (@–@@ .). (! , + %, % U-U, %# # + U. )! # % # % ?U. #%, + - + U () $ + U, " !. <% U U %# @@–V@ . < %% - $ % , . U& (U|, UM).

-7-19.

/ + U + U= U # . ( U (Ëáôáñéêßïí) + <, # ), 596 ". [Theoph. Sim. Hist., VI, 2; Izvoare, II, 542–543]. % # ! != E= , # '=. =" +. ? ('<( [@@, 30] UD&Z (Ëáôáñêßïí). ( (. . § ! " EDW( – *ËÜôñïí, . ’Éáôñ í [Proc. De aed., IV, 7, 6]. =% ="

6 <% , + @ () 81 +: Latris [Not. Dign., XL, 13]; Latron [Geogr. Rav., IV, 7, 2]. ? = " =+ ËáôñÜêéïí, # ËáôÜñêéïí [('<(, @@, 57, #. 109]. (%, + = # - LATRON # =, ! "$ : . I L # " #=. + + " + =. +% LATARIKI ! "! - , LATAR -IKI. / LATAR ALTAR ALT(A) U (Latoria) (!. -"). % UD& ! # - . U=  U. <% U % = #%", + = (), "= UD&. " @ . % % '% 275 ". # # '= "+ . ? " + . U. < . * W, ". )=+ ", . U # . <% + # F ! # "! UD (UD&) . - =% '% 106 ".

-7-20. , ,

& % + ALTAR, LATAR =+ LATRA + # -AR > -RA. % LATRA LOTRA, . U= (Lotru) – . U-U (. U=) + != U=, <" & K! &. ?% =  %- – +. < @@@ . =" - , + Lotriwar (. Lotrioara). = + – , , . )! ! + – . ? +% # # – LATRI. < = LOTRI. ? (+ <$ ( ) ". U - U . ! # - UD-UD = % LATRI > LĂTRI > LOTRI > LUTRI > LJUTRI. <# # " +% UD-UD '% . ? ! # =" "= : 1. U (Látrány) – €.

82 2. ( U (Latrian) – 1333 ". [DIR, C, IV, 56] . LATRA -ANI. % %% (V@–V@@@ .). ? %, + , . . # . U=, = U – . Lodormany (. Lodorman), . Lodroman. ! - – LOTROMAN (> . LODROMAN) LOTORMAN > LODORMAN > LODROMAN. UD) (UD)) ! UD (UD) – UD (UD) -MANI =% = . . .

-7-21. 8

& < DW&U (=) – ‘Ñïõ- ôίêëåéïé [Ptol., 2, 11, 7; 8]. % "$ – " „“ ‘Ñïõãίêëåéïé. - DWF (rugi(i), rogi) <# [TIR, M, 33, 74]. = &. < ! "! =: DW (‘Ñïõôé-), &U (êëåéïé). < + ARUTA ( - + ") (). + + " ALATA-ALUTA #" ! . < LATA-LUTA. = &. < ! % DW. <- +, # : ARUTA > ARUTI > RUTI. '% , # !- = F ? ', ! + : 1. D D= (L$ D=) D= (. . ) D=) – # '. 2. D '= – ', # ". ). <- ARUTA-RUTA -" DA. * – êëåéïé, # !, + ! # +, - GALI GALI > GLI > KLI > KLII. ? =+ # " % FU, $ %- FUM (F+ %!) (!. . +). ' % # DW-FU, DW-FUM. ( KLEIOI (KLII) ! # #! A(N)KLA- A(N)GLA (!. =).

-7-22. 8

< % DW, DWE (RUTHENI, RUTHENIA) =#% DW(, DW(E, -+

83 " = . % =", = @@@–V . ? * W, F% = DW # + DW( – + = @@@–V@@ . (= #%, + DW ! , # DW (Ruteni) ( F%. # @ . . .– @ . . . [Caes. B. G., 1, 45, 2; Plin. N. h., 19, 8]. & ! RUTENI RUTI - # -ENI. % - V@–V@@@ . % DW ! # . & =" =, " % % DW @@–V . <# % DW V@–@ . # " # " % =" . (- = #% ! ( M (= @ . ( W"% ! F+, + % " - ! <%. ?! $ = DW + % -% , F+ <% [Anonymus, XI]. € & =" , + . $, + % - = " . W" [Simon de Keza, p. 165]. #%, + % F+ ! + DW, ! ! % @@–@@@ ., " ", + . ? DW–FUM % = &. < @@ . & #$ , ", DW, % ! # FU. ! !, + @@–V . ! = %% (V@–V@@@ .). " - == DW # " FUM, DW , FUM. * = #% +% DW. <- , + FUM-DW "+ " % W"- < , DW # - = % D=% =. ? + % DW-DW ! # +- : 1. < ARUTI + . (), % ARUTA. < % ! - % =+, () ARUTELA – ! .

84 2. < =% 106 ". ()DW - % 'DW . '" " + ', ()DW = , FU. 3. < V@–V@@@ . + # DW. " !- FUM . * # % # – FUM-DW.

-7-23. 8

? " + . '=, ', # ! ". '= (') – '=. . ". ) - " < %! [?, . . F, 89]. ? – „ 'L“ [ DARUTA > DRUTA. + -ESK =+ DRUTESK > DRJUTESK. % %, # POLOTESK > POLOCK: DRUTESK > DRUTSK > DRUCK. + – %, " = == . ? =+% – + DRUTI + ‘! () =’. U"+ !, + = % – #! + =-() '%. # + (), DW. ? + @@ . % DW . 'DW " " + ' =. ?= " 'DW.

-8-1. , ,

= " =" ! % 'D. (%, + . )= (Motru) + ?$ (. %). )= ) (Mehedini), % K! &, . ~=. ? " + ". )=. < V . + . )= # + „- “ (#, ") W"$ – „ ‡ )“ [DRH, B, I, 38] – 1415 ". # ! 'D + , . 1690 ". . ~= BODRUS, "% . . )DW [Seuter, M. Hungaria seraphico...; Ungureanu, A. Hări, 640]. + % + MOTR(A) > BODR(A). #% D '%: 85 1. &. <: „-+ " '% ... = (’Áìïýôñéïí) – 50°–44°45/“ [Ptol., III, 8, 4; Izvoare, I, 547]. 2. <" % % '# – D=: „Amutria XXXV“ () [Tab. Peut., VIII, 4; Izvoare, I, 740–741]. (% , + + – Ad Mutrium. <!% = + !. '=" % : I y X 1. = () – Áìõôñïí ðόëéò ô ò Èñ êçò [Detsch. Spr., 17] – " %. 2. ) (Ìόäñá) – " ?%, % $ ! – ÌïäñçíÞ [Strab., 12, 3, 7]. 3. < &: „... # # ) þ (Ì ôñåóåò)“ [Proc. De aed., IV, 4 ; ), 438]. ?. $ %, + "$, + -ES. < þ " Ì ôñåò, "% . Motris (#. . +.). !% = . )= [Beš. Prok., 116]. W < & % +, + # (Aquae) – . <, = . (+ (#%). % + = + . )=, . . -#% =+ . #% % , + . )=, # "+. ' &. <, <" < & - % +, : <% + MOTRA. % =+ +- þ MOTRI. &" Ì ôñåò = ?. $ + % + MOTRA MOTRI – # . < # ! MOTRA + MOTRI =+ . ( " A (> O, . . , #, # ‘, ’) AMOTRI + ‘! () )’. ( =+ - = – AMOTRA (AMOTRI) – Amutrium (Amutria), O > U. ?% # . = MOTRI – AMOTRI. D . ( 'D ( % ) )D- )D – = # + . ( 'D # != U#, #, ?- (. + * )#="). ? - "+ ( „(=“) , + 'D +- + # % V@ ., + – + V@@@ . [Die Slawen, 27–30]. <" , + % 'D + =" – ?FD, <UE, ?D, U, ()U'F. +-

86 # % % (princeps, rex Abodritorum), - =% " ?UFD' ( DD&). ? : ABOTRITI (789 ".), ABODRITI (795, 798 ".), APODRITI, OBOTRITI, NORT- ABTREZI, APDREDE, ABDREDE, civitas BIDRIZ [Nied. Sl. st., @@@, 127; ('<(, @@, 442, 444, 475, 478]. ( -=% % 'D - % + ODRA OB- -ITI [Nied. Sl. st., @@@, 420]. + 'D ('D). '=" " ! + % % +- [Łowm. Pocz., II, 72–78]. (%, + $ = #% AMOTRI. - ABOTRITI (#% 789 ". – & ? = ?U|) - + AMOTRI + -ITI M > B. < %- # % (. -" + MUSEOS-BUZĂU, TIBISCOS-TIMI ). < - =+ % + " A > Ă > O =+ T > D. ? BIDRIZ, BODRIČI + ". ? # = + MOTRA (BODRUS) MOTRI. < %% (V@–V@@@ .) =+ -ITI (-IČI). ( %- % %% ! # : AMOTRI > ABOTRI > ABOTRI-ITI > OBOTRITI > OBODRITI (IČI) (> BODRIČI). % = % # = , + + )D " + # #% #%" @@–V@ . < V@@@ ., + D, % + % . 'D # !# $% ?U| (&( + & ? ?U| (789 ".) [Łowm. Pocz., V, 252]. <-, @ ., $% != 'D !#. ? 'D(&E @ . = % F$. W " % @–@@ . % ! #= [, . ., . . @". F=, 119–125]. (% ! 'D ( '=) %% + @ . < =" )M 'D - % U "+ (814–840) = #". < 818 ". " $ + [Einhardi Annales, MGH, SS, I, p. 205; U, @@, 34–35]. # , + 824 ". % % „#, + #- (praedenecenti), #" # =- '%“. = „ !#-

87 % #"“ [Einhardi Annales, MGH, SS, I, p. 213; U, @@, 36]. < # /= 822 "., [Einhardi Annales, MGH, SS, I, p. 209]. &= 'D % "" – Osterabtrezi (+ #). # # '=, [&A, . - %, 285–287; Gjuzelev, V. Bulgarisch, 25–28]. < 824–826 ". =" + " U- "+ = % " != #" [Einhardi Annales, 212–214; U, @@, 36–37]. < + #"% 827 ". % '= '. " <% „ " + %- , ! , " % (duces) + #" =- (rectores)“ [Einhardi Annales, 216; U, @@, 38]. # =$, = #" # . "!, % =" # + = !- = % – +, ' ( <%. ? , =", ": „& #" =": ", #$ . & , x = (éò ô (í) ÔÞóáí ôoí ðïôáìoí). #$ &=#“ [/, . <#", 215]. #" + % =+ % # . - % 'D

88 (Bács). & +-" Zombor (Sombor) = 1914 ". - # BUDRUG W" [Anonymus, XLI, XLIV; U, V , 45, 47]. ( # ! % = 1 + . + # # - % 'D, - W'DWF - . ? + )=$, # = (. ), Ó Bodrog (. Bodrog), . Bodrogu Vechi. ' #, " – " + =- , " # ! 'D. F - % . 'DF. %- MOTRA -OK. D : MOTRA > BOTRA > BODRA -AK: BODRAK > BODROK > BODROG. <% - -AK > -OK TIMAK(US) > TIMOK. / MODRA ( MOTRA) =+ %- =" +, . #% "= %- + , 'D. ? =+% . " +  (. #. ") " # - )D-)D – #! '%. M % = @@ . F , =" ! = #. <-, -% = #- % V ., + )D ! = + . = =, % #%" '=. ' )D-)D ## V@–V@@ . - % 'D. < , + # '=, % , . . = =% ' (, =+ , D', %% BURT(A)-BURD(A). * Praedenecenti () – PREDENECENT(I) % = D'|. < #=+ B > P + + ". <% " + + ! # ! "% " =, #= (a, be, ce, de), -# # +=! = %. ( % % .) ? - %

89 1. ' )D-)D . ) + . %. < # (Amutrium). 2. ( % )% + @ . " '=, " # % ! – ("=. < % - % # " % % + % . 3. ) "= )D % = #%" ". ( )). " @ . 270 ". % % '%. 4. < ! " "  +. M = , . - *. % =+ - . )D ! % + &- ", #! #!. '! , " = #, ! . – (#) )D-'D (Nortabtrezi = % "") ! () )D-'D (Osterabtrezi – +). 5. <# )D # FU, (&(, ?U, ?D =" % , " . < V@–V@@ . + % 'D ('DM). ? % V@@@ - + @ . "% . < @–@@ . " =" . % # " " . 6. K! )D #! %-#!- : < . WF (W")-W~, U#, # + . ", #- =!, WF-W~ '% (!. . +). ? # )D – . )D W! (~=), % )D . ?% - ! . < . UD|, % + ", # UD – - UD| UDW # () (!. = -"). %- . )D "%. 7. < @@@ . )D = F<'. ! F = ?= (?). 8. ? % @V . ( '= = =! =. )D += % - , " + . 9. ( (453) = # # - . * " ", " % +

90 . "!, " + )D F = =- . = % = #%" = " % #%". % # ", = = . '. 10. V@ . ## % – " 'D 'D-D'|. ? - " % # . $ ! != F<' UFD', + = % ( %. < , 'D , # D'|, # + " %. 11. < ) (582–602) % - # "% . =- , # . < 601 ". % - + , =$ " "% # - ". " 'D [Theoph. Sim., VIII, 1–3]. 12. < V@@ . # = = " $ " % "=. < ! + F <, ( & # . <$. U , ! # =+ + 'D. 13. ( '= "% 670–680 ". 'D != ! % ". ( = " V@@@ + @ . " # #" . 'D-D'| # =" = % % % , != - . =" , "!, " - = 'D-D'|, " 'D # . ' # + #"- # (), # != '= . 14. W # ! " . # = ( (Salanus), = ?% &, - "% (Keanus Magnus, dux Bulgarie). %, % %" . ?% (&) ! # ! =" =" ! , + ! #" = . ( = , % 'D-D'|. % " 'D #, =% U# (comes Loborcy), + # =". % # ( [Anonymus, XIII].

91 15. < "! # = =" % 'D-D'| % " . *% " 'D =- " " + *.

-9-1. ()& (B$C! 8D, !B! 8D)

D , "+ =+ "% - = #= % + . '#=!. - # " "= = , + . &- + =! % % . - + . '#=! , - + # (300–400 ), % + . % + ! + #, , - , $ ". % '= " =, = "#. + F% (=!) $ . '= (. F". " + – , + )+ =! ( - 456 ), + – =! ( - + $ 242 ) [EF, . (- #", 191–200]. = =! ‘BUCAK’ (+!-=?) + ‘", ’. % -#! # – % . '=- . + % % +. #= ‡F‡U. $ (#=!) + , " +=. . F + W'~& (‡F‡U), . . %, +=, " . # '#=! W'~& (‡F‡U) ! '=- , , ! , W'~&. . . # W'~&. , =- ('), + # F =- § § d % (ή ô í Ãåô í ñçìίá) [Strab., VII, 3, 14]. 1. FW&U

? ) U & " (29–28 ". . .) ' & - " % = % (&( ' (!. =), !% #, =%- *. %, ). U. & - $ F=: „... $ F= (Γέíïõêëá), - - % * (ΖυñÜîçò), ! +=, + - , # F " %. % =$, , % # " % 

92 #%", % , ! #, " =, % * # “ [Dio Cass., LI, 26, 5; Izvoare, I, 676–677; ), 374]. - * (% "- , %) ' &. / GENUKLA ! # "! =: 1) GEN(A); 2) UKLA. < + DEN(A) # % () DINA DEN(A), % -% + ‘’. / GEN(A) = ' & = % D > G E . I. <" D > G " #" , . %-"% [:G, . '"%, 144]. DENA # E-I DINA, # =" %. ( DINA + " '#=!. ? + =+ DINA : 1. # (Asbolodina) – = & [Detsch. Spr., 31] 2. (Βáóóéäίíá) – ) (% [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; ), 447] 3. D (‘Ñåóéäίíá) – ) (% [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; ), 447] 4. (Âåëåäίíá) – " != ) (% ' )% [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; ), 447] 5. (Âéóäίíá) – ' )% ) (% [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; ), 447] I 6. ( Áäéíá) – " != ' )% ) (- % [Proc. De aed., IV, 7; ), 441]. ?! # ! – DINA : 1. '"% (ÄéíïãÝôåéá) – ) (% [Ptol., III, 8, 2] 2. ' (ÄéíéóêÜñôá) – ' )% [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; ), 447]. ( GENUKLA (DENUKLA) " DINA (DENA) ‘’, ! !. ? + ! (U)KLA. ?! U "% " , DIN-O-GETIA, % "% O > U. " + " . '= + = # " ! # AKLA. = %# # K-G. % ! OGLOS-ONGLOS AKLA () (!. -=). )! % + " Ă > O > U, - % OGLOS (ONGLOS) WFUM. < UKLA (AKLA?) (. ONGLOS). % = % + GENUKLA (DENUKLA) # ‘ W&U (‡F‡U)’. " () *D&( % "" % (‡F‡U).

93 #% + % ! FW&U. ( ' & # ! #" '= ). U. & %# #  + , %. %# # + - % ‡F‡U – . F =!. =, #! # '=, ! ! #, #%" . ". F. ' F% , , " #, - + =, - '"% ('"%) [TIR, L-35, 38]. ( "+ =+% % # " % @@@ . = % V@ . ( @–@@@ . #. #% =! , % '"% (ÄéíïãÝôåéá), = &. < [Ptol., III, 8, 2; 10, 1; 10, 11], % = % = #%" . . #$ (" + ". F). = % @@@ ., " # + %. (" , " # = % #%", - + . . F, =+ = [tefan, Gh. Problem, 317–329]. ?! = "= % FW&U + =# "+ . " ! ! '"% . F [tefan, Gh. , I, 9–15]. (- (DINOGETIA) , + # == - + (DIN) GENUKLA (DENUKLA). ? + GETA + ‘ "’. ? : 1. Diniguttia [It. Ant., 225, 5; U, I, 32] 2. Dirigothia [Not. Dign. Or., XXXIX, 24; U, I, 242] 3. Dinogessia [Geogr. Rav., IV, 1, 17; U, I, 391] Ý 4. Äéíïã ôåéá [Ptol., III, 10, 5] – #% " '=- Ý . „*% % " '"% (Äéíïã ôåéá) , , ! 53°–46°40´“ [< , III, 10, 1; ), 350]. „ ('%) "- + , = % '"%, - ! 53°–46°40´, - , %, % '"%, % “ [< , III, 8, 2; Izvoare, I, 542–543].

2. DUF (DFU?)

W &. < (@@ .) : „ % #%" - = + = % + % , ! - ", #" (ÂñéôïëÜãïé), ! “ [Ptol., III, 10, 7; Izvoare, I, 554–555; ), 351].

94 ? =+ = DUF . ( ?. < +, %# # BRITOGALII BRIGOLATII % [Pârvan, V. Getica, 65]. "= ! = &. < + „ , '% – &==, )=, ?#=, =“ [Ptol., III, 5, 15], + % . (%, + "% - DFU ! # #% % . +: 1. BRIT(A) ! # @–@@@ . + < – < (<=). % + (V . . .) – <D( (Ðõñåôoò) [Hdt., IV, 48], % +: PURET(A) > PIRET(A) > PIRT(A) > PRIT(A) > BRIT(A) (!. . +). 2. -(O)GALI AGAL (AGLA). O - + " % A > O ( OGLO-ONGLOS, UGLIČI – !. -=). !, + BRITOLAGI #- () + %# # BRITOGALI, % # % + ‘FU (FU) () D’. & ! &. <, DFU !% ( - < = ) . ((). % + BRIT(A)-

3. UD&(

+% UD&( (Aliobrix) [CIL, III, 7519 (780)] !- , = % . . , ", ! @@@ . [TIR, L-35, 22] + = <=, &"=, % !% # '= ==. UD&( . (%, + ! "! # BRIT-OGALI (BRIT-AGALI). ALIOBRIX ! - : 1. < + ALI ! AGLI ( AGLA) G. ( % # WFUM- WUM. 2. ? + -(O)BRIX + BRIX, BRIT(A) – <=, " O -" O (< A) + ‘, , ’ (. . , #, #). (+ + BRIT(A) - " + ABRIT(US) ( . D", (+- "%) (!. . +). / + BRIX ( X . T) = . <= = V@–V@@@ . = . U (1750

95 ".) . <= (Pruth), # =  #% Prouxa [, . , 41]. #% ! % > K, % = #" " (. - , #%-#%, %-%). < K + (O)S " . UD&( ‘(F)U () D()’. + "% ! – + F% W'~& (‡F‡U) = .

4. FU

& <: „ EGELI > IGILI 2) AGALI > OGOLI > UGULI > IGULI > IGILI. ! " '#=!% ‡F‡U (=!), + - "=, " " (" $- ). &% % &. < @@ . ( +, "" , " + <= ' # FWU (FU). % , + = +

96 " ! – AGLI-AGALI, # = . %- "% = # ' '= % # + <= ' (!. -= %). < FWU (FU) F <= ' % # # % WFUM (!. -=).

5. FUFW(; 6. U&W)

<" . FUFW( (fl. Agalingus), % + +% (Alpes Bastarnice) " M '= [Tab. Peut., VIII, 4]. )!= '= VENEDI. # !- % <= [SSS-58, 1]. ( <. € % . . &". % (D. )=, ?. $) %, + AGALINGUS " [Nied. Sl. st., I-1, 155]. + ! AGALINGI AGAL -INGI. + ! + " % <" . D FUFW(, + + ! FUF, %# ! #! . &F‡U& #% =!. % - + != <= ' . &= (() – %+ = . #%- , + + &F‡U& + &. + , % FUFW(, ! % + &. '=" % FUFW( – &F‡U& #%- , + % " AGAL ( &F‡U& !. -=). % "" D + ". = - ('(‡D) ". <= + % '%. )!= , # , U&W) (Alincum) [Geogr. Rav., IV, 5]. ! [TIR, L-35, 22]. <%, + = '- , + <= (. < % + & . %, " <=. U&W) ! # +- <= (. ALINC(UM) , ! # A(G)LINKI. G Aliobrix, WFUM-WUM (!. =). AGLA, -INKI. U"+ !, + ALINCUM (FU&?) # (FU&) + <=.

7 <% , + @ () 97 < % FUF ( . F- UFW(-&F‡U&) FU& ( FU& + <=) !, + = # . D- -INGI -INKI ! =+ K > G. < AGAL-AGLA # # AL-LA ( ). ( %- = ‡F‡U = $ % : . . "- "; . ="L- =". < % "! - %# – AGLINKI AGALINKI. <- % (AGLINKI) -# =+, . #" - ‡FU| – % -ENKI > -ENCI. W ( <= # + FU& (FUF). < %# ! " = ('#=- ! # W'~&). ( + . FUFW( (&F‡U&) #% W'~& (‡F‡U). < "- + &F‡U-& ( <= ! #% "%- . (% &"% % D "" % V@@ – + V@@@ . (# % ", + @@–@@@ . % – <= % , = % '% (%), . . != 106 275 ". ( U&W) # " - (@@–@@@ .). #% # != &"% D% "" <" , ! # . ' <" @@–@@@ + @V . & ! "+ % . FUFW(. (% - + , + # "+ "- % FU&-FUF + @@–@@@ . ? -INKI > -INGI "- =+ $% % – ". -INGI " + #". * " " % % ! =+ % % + . % -INGI "- . ' FU&-FUF @@–@@@ . < 30- – 40- "- @@@ . = ( M % ". ? # != ' ' + &, # % FU&-FUF, " % , - ". & " , % (, ) $ 40- – 60- " @@@ . =% %. '= % =+ FU&. (!-

98 != " % "# "+ - M% ==, . ' ' – +- &. % # + , FU&- FUF # + F()U. ( " + @ ., @@@ . # + <= (. # () " (=). @@@ . + # – # # -INKI (- INGI). & FU&-FUF - F – = ?.

7. FU

? = = &. < +: „... - + #= + # " (Ôéáãoëá), + ! 55º40´–47º15´ < =, + ", <$ (Øéëόí), + ! 56º15´–47º“ [Ptol., III, 10, 2; Izvoare, I, 550–551; ), 358]. "" V@ . Thiagola lacus – % '= [Cl. Ptol. Geogr. Carta Europae IX – 1540 (), 1513 ((#=") = , . , !. 16, 17]. 1. Ôéáãoëá ! # ČAGOLA. ? =+% Ôé =+ Č, " % -† (. Tierna, . . M). " ! " . MF (Ceaga) #% =!, = . % % . &". % ! % ". M" (Ceaga). 2. '=" ! # #% AGAL -" DA (. ): DA-AGAL(A) > DAGALA > DAGOLA > DJAGOLA > TJAGOLA. *+: ‘ (, ) FU’. <=+- &FWU-&F‡U& (!. -=). " ! # ! . . &FWDUWZ (Cogurlui). . EU

99 8. F(&D

( 453 ". #% +- % , + = #. F - + %, % =! # =. ? !% " -"% , #% = = #. „ , " % % & =+ ) (% ' )%“ [Iord. Get., 265; U, @, 358]. „( , - , # - -+ + ) (%. " = W= W=, = = &#! '%“ [Iord. Get., 266; U, @, 358]. „‹ ! = ' (Dinzic), , =+ , # , , "!, # " , # – ==, " (Angisciros), #="=, #, – " , " <%, " #, + %+ =. ‹ = , " , ", " = - , # " = ", = = " " , + =, , " % " !“ [Iord. Get., 272–273; U, @, 361]. & 466 ". '" (' = Z) #% = = (# =!). + U @ (457–474). <- '" # =# ! - % + " [J:. ., @-1, 77–78]. F (scyri, sciri) @@–@ . . . ( M = #. "!, + # =+ @V ., =. < 409 ". = &#! '%, =$ & ), - ! [Cod. Theod., V, 6, 3; U, @, 263]. ( =+ % [Iord. Get., 242]. < ", ! "=# [< , 275–277]. < Z , + , ) (%, ' )% # = (# =!). * # - #, = . U. ! #% F(&D, " # = . ( " - I ANGLISCIRI (ANGLI) ONGL(OS) ( Ïããëïò). <- % = #" % & @V <" = % 680 ".

100 ( , ). U. % " - I s – Ïããëïóê ñïé [Nied. Sl. st., I-2, 289, 303; II-1; 114] II-2, 318]. #% ANGLISCIRI =#. # =+ #% . F(&D (?) '" (') % = = " <%. <- '" = (# =!). ( % - + (&D = =. #% F(U)(&D +- : 1) + %; 2) #, + + "% - <%. )" % % #% $ =" "! = . ANGLISKIRI + ‘(&D (#) FU’. +, + = (&D, % @V–V . + # FU, . . # =- !. / ANGLI =+ . % ! #". +- " , . . (@V–V .) # % A > O. " ONGL(OS)-OGL(OS) % V@@ . ? # + , V@@ . ? - + # + % : ANG(L)ISKIRI = @V–V . # ANGLA, - % . # =!.

9. FU(

* = # " #% - V@@ ., # = #". #% "% : „- % %, + =, ' '- ’ I , - '= , " (ô í Ïãëïí), != " , ! #%, + % + % : # #, =" " , "% "= % %% #% %- “ [Theoph. Conf., p. 357; F, III, 262]. " ! , % # ! %% # ‡F‡U. 1. ', # '=. 2. „ #“ – #% #%" &"=, E=", &#=, &. <- & @V <" ": „ &, =+, + + ™ k I + '= " (Têåéèåí ôï Äáíïõâéïõ å ò Ïãëïí)

101 + =$ # '= , . . " % % , " % %, " "+ % + % %. ! , " = % =$ " " , # =$ . . " '= % # = #- % #%"“ [< ]. = % , + " ( ) '=. ! ! , = # =- #" ". ( + "%, #" „" + '=, " $ . . ?, # , $ %“ [< ]. < : „- % # = - ' ' . =# %, + ", # %. , , + #. " “ [Niceph. Patr., p. 33; F, III, 295]. , = - , + = % " . "% =%, #" = % . W% % " (#% ‡F‡U) - =% #" (670 ".) # 680 ". ? = % , #" ", % "+ =% $. < - "+ =+ !% ## , # # % F% , " . ! %, =+ " ! 670–680 ". [, +. "+, 71–76]. ? " . W : 1) I I I I I Ïãëïò; 2) Ïãêëïò; 3) Ïããëïò ( + =+); 4) Ïëãïò; 5) Ï÷ëïò. W I I : 1) Ïãëïò; 2) Ïããëïò. W #: Onglon. ? ! + % +%, - +. I / Ïãêëïò # -% UKLA (Genucla) - I % # G-K. ? Ï÷ëïò , ! "! ! K > G > H (UGLCI > ULIČI). = ! G > H = % % (!. -=). ' OGL(OS) ONGL(OS) + - . < + " % A > O " - . , + FU( %- % = [EK, . (%- %, II, +. 1, 263]. (= ! "% – agil, aul ‘=- ", ’ [!. . = :, . #=, 163].

102 ? +, " # - OGL(A) ONGL(A). FU-FU + V@@ . # != = =% ' <=, . . #% W'~& (‡F‡U).

10. WFUM

(% % WFUM @– . = - . / WFUM (WFUM, WFUM) -%, # WUM, WUWM, WU|. + WFUM, =" G . UGL -IČI. < -+ - #= % V@@–@ . < UGL(A), #= , # #- ! WFUM. ( !" # : „ W=+ L Ö%= # 'Ö=“ [ U. & " # -IČI. ( WFUM + ‘! (#) FU’.

11. &U, AKLIBAL

? "" (@@ .) = =- , + "! = #. < % '=, F% W'~& (‡F‡U) 'FE, + AKLA. ? # W'~& - #! != = = ' #% AKLIBAL [!. Ist. Român., III, 272, fig. 66]. * " +, + = ' [, . "%, 99–101]. . + Aklia " !% &% [< , 144]. '=" Aqli (+ . Afli-Avli). % %, + &%. '=" %

103 (( '#=!) . (+ "% [!. = Baraschi, S. Izvoare, 318]. AKL ! . ? #% AKL, -% GENUKLA: UKLA (AKLA?). "!, # G-K ! , ! #% +. < + AKLIBAL – AKL(I) ! % . ? #+ % = , + - % AKLA (AGLA) ! @@ . ?! AKLA ! + '"%. "+ =+% , + ! # @–@@ . [Dinogetia, I, 171–220]. < = - @– . , + #" = + '"%. D# , AKLA (AGLA?) %# % (@–@@ .).

12. FU|

. ". FU| (Galai) ! # # "!- = . F % = #%", + % , . . = F% W'~& (‡F‡U). - " 1445 ". [Ist. Român., IV, 73]. # = - ". F+, F+ %! (#. F%). '= , + = , $ '= F+ @@ . * FU| ! ! =" #%. - GAL -AC. = # # + < ()). * ! !, + +  # AGAL (> ÂGAL?) =+ AGAL-AC. ( = ‘ "’. + "+, #%% ! – % (") , = F% W'~& (‡F‡U) '"% (GENUCLA? AKLA?). < + " =+ GALAC. (= AGALAC - ! #"% (V@@@– .). = = = FU| [/, . (#", 96], ! # - =. ( F% " !% = =, - % # & @V <" 680 ".

13. &FWU

&"= (Cagul) % = #%" = F% W'~& (‡F‡U), != $ E=". " . &FWU, + " + ! ". &FWU.

104 (! + (A)GUL -" KA. "% AGAL: AGAL > AGOL > AGUL (. . ="L). & " # -" KA + ‘, , ’ (. . , ). # ‘(, ) FU’. "% + ! – - #% W'~& (‡F‡U), # + – F% W'~&.

14. &F‡U&

D &F‡U& (. Cogâlnic, . &"L) + != <= '- &= ((), # - = . % ". ( % ) & ". &F‡U& # ". <-" &F‡U& #$ ! . AGALINGUS, <- " (@@@ .). #= AGAL. < &F‡U& # -" KA (. . , ) + ‘, , ’ ! -NIK. (O)GÂL "% AGAL % ". < + " # A > O ( OGLOS-ONGLOS), " – A > Â. |% # ‘() FU’. & &FWU + #%% - ! – #% W'~& (‡F‡U). <+ &F‡U& # # FU&-FUF (@@@ .), - - =% F‡U (FU-FU) (V@@ .) % WFUM (@– .). ? +, # , ! " , # "+ : 1. UKLA (AKLA?) – GENUCLA – ('FE?), @ . . . 2. AGALI (OGALI) – BRITOLAGI (BRITOGALI?) – , @@ . 3. IGULI (IGILI) – IGILIONI – , @@ . 4. AGOLA – TIAGOLA – =, @@ . 5. A(G)LI – ALIOBRIX – =, @@ . 6. AGAL-INGI – AGALINGUS – , @@@ . 7. A(G)AL-INKI – ALINCUM – , @@@ . 8. ANG(L)I – ANGISCIRI – , @V–V . 9. OGLA-ONGLA – OGLOS-ONGLOS – #, V@@ . 10. UGL(IČI) – UGLIČI – , @– . 11. AKLA, AKLI – AKLA, AKLIBAL – , @@ . 12. (A)GAL – GALAC – , V . (V@@@–@V .?) 13. AGUL – KAGUL – 14. OGAL – KOGÂLNIK – 15. W'~& (‡F‡U) – BUCAK ('#=!, #) – #, @V . (@–@@@ .?).

105 % % # #- # % : 1. AKLA-AGLA, AGAL, ANGLA 2. OGLA-OGAL, ONGLA 3. UGLA 4. AGOLA, AGUL 5. IGUL (IGIL) ?! , + , ! , AGAL-AGLA ( # # AL-LA, ). <% + " A > O > U (> I), % %. = = # + % : . ", . ©ãëú, . ="L, . . ="%, . ="iL, ., . ="()L, . ÿ"’, . . ÿ"’ (="), . vôgel, . uhel, . uhol, . węgiel, . wuhl, wuhel. : . anglis, . anglis, . jogle. U : angulus [@!, . “(DE, @V, 146]. (% , # % #%: 1. < - = (#") % (=). . 2. <% + " >  (#"). <! -  1. 3. <" > + " (+ = Ä) – . ! > (> @) –  5. 4. <% + " > (); > > U (  2 3). 5. # AL-LA ("=!$, . "-"-", . ="L-="- %). <!  1 2. 6. * " (#). <!  1 2. 7. <" " > > @ (=). <!  5 (IGIL). 8. <" " A> O (=, #=, $). <- !  4. 9. < G > H – +$, $, "=!$. 10. <% + V + " – =, #=, , , "=!$. 11. " , + + # A(N)GLA-A(N)GAL ! # G > K. + . (# ! , #, , (- ), , , . ( + FU, + =" 106 % +% , ! '= % (‡F‡U) F – F, . . '#=!% #- % W'~&. ( (@ . . .) # #%" '= AGLA-AGAL. '= = ANGLA-ANGAL @V–V . (ANGLISKIRI). () # =% (‡F‡U) F – F. # # + '#=! ('#=! W'~&) != '= =% <= ' (# W'~&). # % # A(N)GLA-A(N)GAL. + , - % , , + " ! #: A(N)GLI-A(N)GALI.

-9-2. &

#% % ()FU =% = - . #= # ()FU-()FU, %, = -", # #%" '=, % . F – F. E % + ( '#=! ('#=! =!). & ! "- ! # % . $ '= – " + . &+ – !% (. ) " #- , =+ '= #!. <-" +% , (. % = #%" " &"=, E=", &#=, &"== - % . ' "+ =+% , + + '#- =! # # !% (). @ (@ . . .) . . = =+ == #". % "+ =+ –@ . . . (#" @@) V@@@–V@@ . . . (#" @@@) [Ist. Român., I, 324–326]. & V@@ . . . #- ()FU + %# = % # "- %, . . #=. < " %, - $ * M #!, " FU. ) % % #% ( "- %+ ) ( % # = "% (D( ((DE). % , + + (DE %# # V@@ . [Ist. Român., I, 537–538]. # % =" " – DF). #%, + % # = - (@@@ . . .), ", + "=-

107 - . () – !"#. $ V% . . &. !"#. ' 514 . . &. * + ,* % (522–486) " /. / 03, - . & , ,*, „ !, *- ... , - , “ [Hdt., IV, 93; !"<, 21]. / 3 - !: „! * * ', 3 - ! . , , “ [Hdt., IV, 80; !"<, 21]. " . . !, ()!"#. ? ! /. $ V . . &. + " %, „* + , - "- , “ [Thuc., II, 29; !"<, 53]. " % + *, [Hdt., IV, 80, 1; !"<, 20]. " - ()!"#, . ? " – /, + @!?#A" – /'!, . #- 3 / : „' / , , ", /. ' , ". , , - ". ' !, . " , / - , * : „B ? " . ,* /, , *, , !“ " - / , / . /“ [Hdt., IV, 78–80; !"<, 20]. < /, ( !) ÓÊÕË-ÅÙ, !, & [, . . ?F, 92–96]. $ / !"#, ! ( * /). , ! + + !"# – @!,$

108 (. -). $ * * ,, /, !. ? / + , , , - !"# + /. ' ", / !. , - , G ! (,) - +, * / < 429 . . &. [Thuc., II, 98, 4] * / % 411 . [Polyaen., VII, 38] / , + - G . ,, . . !"#. $ !"# + ' % (383– 359) / ,. ? 1931 . * . F, " ( 0, . @), - +. , - . $ + Ô Õ. ? 20 . $ . - +, 3 * . # 3 : ÊÏÔÕÏÓ ÅÃÂÅÏ [Berciu, D. Contributions, 58, 185]. ' *- %V . . &. , . 0*, [Ist. Român., I, 595]. + * . F - + ()!"#. " . " – - , + !. H , ' %, , ()!"# + ' %. ? - < ($+), @ ($- ) 0 (@), . () [- , . , 4–5]. J ' % + *- - +. B G + - , * G . - + + ' % . @ < , 0 – "@!"#. , F . " 370–360 . . &., . . + ' %. / 340–339 . . &., +, ,

109 ()!"#. / + , H %% '. ' 40- %V . + 3 . ()! /'/!. " , , - . ,, ()! /'/! (. . ). B , + 340 . . &. H %% . < + + , . ! , . H %% - , G - [Just. Epit. (Trogus), IX, 2, 1–16; !"<, 243–244]. $ '"#/ H %% G < [Athen., XIII, 557; !"<, 366]. ' H %% " 341 . – - '. $ ' G - : 1. / ', * 3 +. ' (359–341) ' % (383–359) H %% ". ? 352 341 . H %% , ' < , 341 . + [, . ?, 51–99]. 2. " H %% . ? %V . - . , . / + – +, ' - . " ' - , * ()!"# , (, LL). ? H %% G G ', . + ()!"#. 330–326 . . &. " B . "* ( M 0 ,) [Macrob., I, 11, 32; Izvoare, II, 164–165]. ? - () LL: „? B, ", + *“ [Ruf. Fest., X, 1, 43; Izvoare, I, 364–365]. $ * , ()!"#.

110 / %%% $ (323 . . &.) " , . "* * / %%% + - * N . ? 313 . . &. ', ! . ' - + / %%% [, . ?, 180– 184]. , ()!"# +. $ . !, %%% . . &., B [ISM, I, 8]. , - ! *- * * . 1. + - * . 2. "+ B- . 3. P ! - , . / , - , +. B . B ()!"#. , - . B . " , + * - ()!"# !/"@Q!. " ()!"# * + + * „“. ! ! - G (&). " ()!"# *+ - (). , B ()!"#, + %%% . . &. $ !, , 3, 200 . . &., + @ [ISM, I, 15]. "* ()!"# B. $ ! - . 1. ! B. "* . - B / „ , - @“. 111 2. B . 0 (. ') . $- !, * *. < , , . 3. , * , + @. 0 *- . 4. ? @ 100 +. $ - ,. 5. @ 600 +, H(). " ! , B. ! - B. /, - , (/) (Q). B G @: 1. + – (âáóéëåõò) B – . 2. , , !, - ,, , . / , G () LL (). 3. @ * !. " , , – B- . 4. !, „ , @“. $ " '. 5. $, @, - + 210–190 . . &. 6. H() ()!"# - . $ ()!"# +- , ! + . - , - + . $ ,- , . . ()!"#, - . 1. % – /, ", - . $ . <* $ * !. 2. %% – , ", / ,. - 3, – +: âáóéëåùò Ìïóêùíïò ( ) [DID, I, 127–128, fig. 38; Preda, C. Monedele, 182].

112 < + , *. *- , . . !"#. < + </' %%% . / - !"#. $ %% . . &. ?* + < V% # (121–63 . . &.) / N- (0 +) *. / G G (óõììá÷ίá) + * – - . /G : „< , , u . / , , , (Èñ îp), , " ! <- ...“ [App., XV, 53; Izvoare, I, 570–571]. $ , + < 107 . . &., ()!"#. ? @ 0 – , < ( + 146 . . &.), #. / 80 . . &. < V% . ? * * * + . < ,* ( ), * - ? & 86 . . &. ? * (74–63 . . &.) < - G : „<* #, – „+- “, , * , * ! @ &; , *- “ [App., LIX, 293–294; Izvoare, I, 572–573]. $ * , . ? 72–71 . <. "+* $ . $ *- * + ! [DID, I, 280–285]. " * ()!"#. , - < * * &. , + / N 62 . . &., . @ *, &, !, * . „J* <, * G+ ... ? - G+ <, ! – , , “ [Dio Cass., XXXVIII, 10, 1–3; !"<, 372; Izvoare, I, 668–669]. / + ()!"#. B , 3 + . ' , '*,

8 ? , % () 113 <. . ' B 28 . . &.: „ - , *- B, , , * * !“ [? ]. ? 50- - * 0. / 55 . . &. * - / N G [Ist. Român., I, 647]. $ + !, , . [ISM, I, 138–147]. , 0 ,. ' /, * „... - + - “ [Strab., VII, 3, 11; !"<, 213]. ? - ! " ' , !"# 0. / (. 44 . . &.), * + , !"# . $ . , (. 0) (

48 . . &.) [Mih. IGB, I2, U 13] - + 0, ?* @#,$. , - 0, @#,$ (), + *- +, ,, *- * . (@,#//). ? !, vicus ARCIDAVA [ISM, I, 358], . / . /, , - 0, + @#,$. ? vicus ARCIDAVA ( %% .) / ,, ! [Suceveanu, A. , 111–118]. / + @#,$ %–%% . -. ? 3 ARGEDAV(ON) ARCIDAVA , . 0 - 3 C G , ARCIDAVA 3 ARGIDAVA. ARCIDAVA, K-G + . / K > G, ARKA G ARKA (. ') (. ). f – E-I (ARGEDAVA-ARKIDAVA), E > I - . "* .

114 @#,$ - + ! . " - + !"#. ?- @#,$ 48 ., . . 55–50 . . &. " , , * 48 . ( ) . $ , !"# () 50- % . . &. "- + @#,$ !. B + @#,$ - ,  - . ! ARGEDAVA : 1. ARGE; 2. DAVA. $- DAVA * ‘, ’ - % . . &. $ DAVA - ,, DEVA – G ,. f ARGA, * - !/"@!Q. &* < (V% . . &.) : „ (’ÏñãÜìç), !“ [Hec., fr. 172 ; St. Byz., 494, 16; Detsch. Spr., 344]. $ 3 @#< (’ÏñãÜëçìá). " - + ' , . @B!< (@B#<). % . – Argamenses [ISM, I, 68]. %%% . - ’Áñãáìçíüò [IOSPE, I%, 96]. J ?* '* (V% .) – ’Åñãáìßá [Proc. De aed., IV, 11]. " 3 @ RAGAMA > RAGEM(A) > RAGIM(A) > RAZIM(A) > RAZIM. , – RAZELM – ORGAME-ORGALEMA. O &* Ă, * O . $ ?* '* – ERGAMIA, - A-E, Ä ( A E).

115 " ARGALEMA : ARGALEMA > RAGALEM(A) > RAGELEM(A) > RAGELM(A) > RAZELM(A) > RAZELM. (- ) @< - !"#, * V%% . . &. + +. " - @< (@<#). 0 @< (@B!<) + . F. " , + !"#. ? - @#,$-@'!,$ % . . &. ? ARGA, * () ARGAMA. ? ARGA -AMA. / + ARGEDAVA ARGAMA. " ‘ () @(<)’. G - * + - + . ? 29 . . &. + < < +* ' , . $ * G – ()@#/ * ,, /'/!"# (. %%-3-2). / - ,, <. . ' – B().: „/ * , ,, , *- B (ÆõñÜîçò), , , * * !. - , !, * -  , , , , B . "* , ', , G G, “ [Dio Cass., LI, 23, 2–27; Izvoare, I, 676–677; !"<, 374]. + , B + , G+. ? - ‘’ *- ‘’. , '* * ‘-’ : „ , “ [Dio Cass., &&&V%%I, 10, 1–3; LI, 23, 2; Izvoare, I, 668–669, 672–673]. $ , : „... ( – . .) “ [Dio Cass., LI, 22, 6; Izvoare, I, 672–673]. / ()! G - < * 62 . . &. * &. ? 29–28 . +

116 <. . '. /'/! ()!. $ /'/!"# ,?!'/ * ()@#/, <. . ' G, * (. . ). < , + + ()!"# B (0 LL). / @ <. . ' 3

„ " “ [CIL, I2, 478; DID, I, 293]. 29–28 . . &. (14 . . &.) . , +. B - * # " . , *- ()!"#. B #: 1. „ ( – . .) , . ? +. * , * -: , * *, , “ [Ovid. Ep., I, 8, 11–22; !"<, 178]. 2. „ # (Aegissos), * , : , ... P + + , $* , *+ , “ [Ovid. Ep., IV, 7; !"<, 179]. ? # (Aegissos) 12 . . &. '- . Q . B ,, <, *- , $, #. . . ". ! # - (#!w). , - - ()!"# %%% . , - V% . [. TIR, L-35, 21–22 . .]. B ": „,, +, H. ? ! . "* , , - . / * " (Trosmis) , “ [Ovid. Ep., %V, 9, 75–80; !"<, 179]. B " 14–15 . . &. +* ?- * H, * 15 . <, - - . " ()!"#, - . * . . !+ G . . < (. Măcin). ? . @ %%% . , V% . [. TIR, L-35, 73 . .].

117 ! !+ (Iglia) AGLA- UGLA IGILI-ONI, IGULI. J- 3 !!x, . . < !, , UKLA (Genucla) UCLA > UGLA > IGLA. !+ G (0) – LL. /- &V%% . . / # " 12–15 . . &. +. / - ()!"# - . " - * + . " , # : „? +...“ * „... , * *...“ ' * + @ %. Q # " ( ) ( ?). " , , @ * . ! * „ , “, - * +. B - - , # " , <- . " +* ?* H $. / , @ % ()!"# <. " + *, ()! , (0 LL). ,* 12 . . &., * G , - [Sueton. Aug., 21, 2; !"<, 284]. ? 14 . . < ()!"# - . - + < * . ? 15 . 3+ + <. " . ? 46 . + + ". B ()!"# + < * + . ,* <. . ' 28 . . &. !"# . $ !"# (0 LL). < ,

118 + !"# – B!@'/. ? !"# . " G- + ( !), ( +), 3 +.

520–490 0#B!<. ( ,*) 490–470 #!B$. 470–450 #!B$. 450–420 0#B!<. ( /) 420–400 #!B$. 400–380 #!B$. 380–370 0#B!<. (F) 370–350 #!B$. 350–330 '"#/ 330–310 0#B!<. (G B?) 310–290 #!B$. 290–270 #!B$. 270–250 </' 250–230 #!B$. 230–210 B<,#!' 210–190 @#<'/ 190–170 H@,< 170–150 #!B$. 150–130 #!B$. 130–110 #!B$. 110–90 #!B$. 90–70 0#B!<. (G < V%) 70–50 0#B!<. ( B!@'/, @#,$) 50–28 B!@'/ ? < / % ., , ! /, ? ,- . " %% . (!!!!) %%% . (!'!- !!). $ /'/! G . " + ? , / ' 0* . " % . 3 $"! ($##"!, $##,!). ? ! /'/! % . #. " , % %% .

119 ! /'/!. $ - ( 28 . &. 15 . . &.) ! /'/! #. , * - , , * .

-9-3.

G !"# (, LL) + < V%% . ? %% . G 0 LL . " ( . . , * 0) * . 0 (. +). " - , ! . ? %%% . " , - !"# ? /. " !'!-!! !!!!. ' %%% . !'!"#-!! , ? . " , + N- , %V . & - , + !"# - * , ?. V ., , - . " 3 - – /'$!!, "! $##,!. + !"#, – !N! (J!N!), "! /'$!!. / A V% . + . ,. ? V%% . !N!"# + . ' 670 . !N!"# (0 LL – () (L). $ - !N!"# L – - + M 0 . $ - 680 . , LL, ()!"# . . + . / ? 681 . ()!N!"# (). " V%%%–& . - + (G , . . ,, - .).

120 ? %& . J!N!"# <,P@!, - 896 . – ?#N##!. . $ + ! J!N!"# * /.

-9-4. ()

? ! "+ ( % . . &.): „?- , , (Anglii), , , “ [Tac. Germ., 40, 2]. " , (Nerthus) – <* B, . "+ !"# /$#0!"#. '* ?* ( %% .) @* #, !! (’Áããåéëïί) [Ptol., II, 11, 9]. - , !!"# # G !, - G G. / !!"# (!) '. ?* [TIR, M-33]. ? !"# ! &* – . - ( ). "* (3) H w*. # . ngel, . Winkel ‘’. $ 3 3 $ (%& .) # (Ongle). J $ '* (& .) ! 0, . angulus ‘’ [. Die Germ., I, 407 . .]. ? %%%–%V . ! + * @* 0. $ V . 0 !"# . $ G- (G). !, – , , (. %%-7-14). $ !"# - M * , #. " : !"#, %–V . . ! &*? < - !, * % . . &.? /, 3 . ' , !"# , 3- - &*. ! , ‘’. $ * 3- , * , . /- ! 3 % . . &. . " !, % . . &. .

121 J (?) , ! . , . ! . &* . " !"# 0. " : * ? + . / - ! + -!, * % . . &. (. %%-9-2). < *- ! ("+ 98 . . &.) . < + M . /- , - – + +, - . $ &% . ", 1074–1075 ., . , ( ) -. " $ B 1066 . - , * - + [Cernovodeanu, P. The remotest, 318]. " - () . , , ?

-10-1. , ,

I J &: „ ! ( Áããñïò) , " , 0, 0 !. " ! “ [Hdt., IV, 48–49; Izvoare, I, 33; !"<, 19]. ? , . / (B) <, 0 – 0 (M) <. / - – . . 0 < [ $, . Papaz. Plem., 164–167]. 1. ? * G , / <- . 2. ! 0 < N , /- , . . , * . 3. ! . @!! @!, 0 < - / – * '.

122 4. ?- < (Margus), 0 – - 0 (/ <) (. . ). J * @, - ,, J@ '- . * , , - I – . „B, ( Áããïõñïí ñïò) - N s * ' (ðáñ Êáõëéáêï ï), - , ! ...“ [Apoll. Rhod. Arg. Schol., IV, 323–326; Izvoare, I, 140–141]. $ * @ , " , ? – '- [Apoll. Rhod. Arg. Schol., IV, 324; Izvoare, I, 144–145]. ? ' P . /, , / 0. " $ <,  , – $ ( 0- ), '/<A, 0J'JQ. $ ' H - ,, . /. 1. $ * @ , ! * - . / - , ! – (,), * , ( ,, 0), * N . ? P - , 0 /. 2. , , ' , H . 3. / H , ,, /, - . . ' ('~). $ '- . ? KAVLI -AK, KAVIL > KAVLI, IL > LI; KAVIL > KĂVIL > KOVIL (A > O). 4. ! 0 / ('/<A 0J'JQ) $ < . 5. ANGUR(ON) ANGRA -AR < > -RA (. ANGAR > ANGRA). $ ANGAR : ANGAR > ANGOR > ANGUR. " + „*“ – . " . @ ANGRA - , . . $ < ( – <)  !. / , @/ 0, &, .

123 , A(N)GRA . , &. * * ,* ", * : „... ', '- E N – ( Áãñé íçò), – &“ [Hdt., IV, 90; !"<, 21]. . . # ! " ("+). ?-- 3 Erginos [Plin. N. h., IV, 7]. $ & -RG > -GR. @ , 3 ANGRA, , - , + @ (0 <). @- , - *- . 15 . . &. + <. $ G @. " . $ , !. ? : 1. @ @?, . ?@#Q, . / ? ' . ! 3 ANGRA, , & (V . . &.). ' -APA (, ), 3, , . -ABA, -UBA, -AMA, -AVA. ' + , - % . . &. 2. @ J@ ?. 3 : ANGRA > AGRA > OGRA > UGRA. 3. @ OHŘE (EGER) N, #, $. ANGRA > AGRA > OGRA > OGRE > OHRE > OHŘE (OHRŽE). 4. @ J@, , * $. 5. @ J'@, UKRA, . Ucker J'@!. ? UGRA G > K. 6. @ @!w (Agriş) " (@). AGRA -IŠ.

-10-2. ,

$ @!! . " - @!!"# + – $. ", . '+, ,. ,, 0. . ? *- . / [ . , !. !., %, 23]. E O / @!! ( Áãñé íåò) - E ’ . áãñ ò ‘’ ‘, ’. $ "- r 3 @! (Ãñáá ïé). /, - I . @ ( Áããñïò – 0 <).

124 ? N ( ) A: ANGRA > ANGRAI > AGR(A)I > GR(A)I. $ -(I)ANI N: ANGRA > AGRA > AGRI > AGRIANI. ? + 3 – . , – @$ [, . /, 5. < , !. !., %, 23]. $ - + 3, + . , - @!!"# . @. " . /"@!< ()@!"# @ ( @! . 3). *- @!!"# " + / 429 . . &. &: „ , / - , . " *- , * - /, / , “ [Thuc., II, 96; !"<, 55]. /: „< ( – . .) - , , - *- G - “ [Strab., VII, 5, 12; !"<, 216]. „ * , /; * , + “ [Strab., VII, fr. 38; !"<, 223]. „! , <- , * ? ', + < ?*“ [Strab., VII, fr. 41; !"<, 224]. $ /, * ($) . $ . w . "* - N , @ (0 <). ?, $, ' 0+, 0 <. ! @ (0 <), - N '@!f#, @!!"#. /, ? 'G - '@!f#. !, @ /. " * ,

125 - : „ , 15 !, *+“ [Strab., VII, 5, 11; !"<, 215]. " + @!!"# , * %%% $- . $, * - , + . / @!! "@!0!"# [Strab., VII, 5, 11; Papaz. Plem., 43, 48, 50]. / + "@!0!"#, V–%V . . &. /3* , $ – G – $. ? / (445–424 . . &.) @!!"# - . B 429 . . &. / <. %V . . &. H %% (359–336 . . &.) + G @!!"# . !, – * . ? 344–343 . H %% G [, . ?, 54]. ' , + @ - %%% [Arr., I, 5; !"<, 308]. ' 340 . H %% . . " - 16 . , * ? 0- [, . ?, 59]. ,* < / , - . / ? . ? , . ? - %V . . &. [- , . "*, 52]. $ , %V . . &. /- +, , - + [ . "!, . J+, 138]. /, @!!"# - ™ ?@J/" (Ðáñíï óôá), ?* '- * . '+ [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; !"<, 437]. ' PARN - A > E (PARN- > PERN-). " A-E, Ä. ? (Ðåñíίêïò) * - $* %% & &% . [#$. !., %%-1, 686–687]. ! PERNIK PERN –IK. ? - (PARNUSTA) -USTA.

126 '$#x/ , , / + . . !, , G /- 3* /, + +. B 336 ., + %%%, , [, . ?, 102]. + G . ? @!! %%% "@!0!"# [? , 103]. /3* *- @!!"# /, . "- %%% + – + ?@J/", *. , - * * $"@!"!. - %%%, + . - %%% + G . B , * - + '! . 0 [Arr., I, 5; !"<, 308]. ? %%% 334 325 . * G - + [Papaz. Plem., 36–37]. / %%% 323 . . &. , , [? , 37–38]. ? 280 . . &. ? [Paus., X, 19, 5– 12; !"<, 314] @!!"#. ? %%%–%% . . &. / ,#"##"! <#,!, @!!"# . !, %V . . &. ,#"##"!"# @!!"# . / ,#"##"!"# , G @!!"#. - @!!"# - - @, . . &@Q!. @Q! (, GG), AGRIANI G > H. & . N @!!"# - 'G ' - V%% . ? ?#!"# *, 3 ?!Q#x (. . ). / - . ? - &@Q, &@Q!

127 . " - / @. " (AGRA > AHRA) &@!, &%%%–&%V ., . . [, . ", 10]. $ * , : 1. (N3 ), 1931 . "+ (0- ). 2. #, . . , &. 3. M (), . . , ?. B . B : „$ &@Q#, @Q#, - “ [#$, . , 103].

-10-3.

$ ()@!"# – @ (@/), + !!@! "@'! (?@/$Q!) - ,@,!"#. ? %%% . . &. @ ,@,!Q. B - ( ) 3 + . " H. ?, ( 77) - * *. " + , + ,- : 1) ? – ,+ – + – ?; 2) ? – ' <- + ( $, ' ?); 3) / – ' ( 0- <) – $ +); 4) – 0 ? – '+. / G % %% * , %%% %V – *. " ,, G . / (*- . $), ' ( . ?), * $, +, , 0 ?, '+, . . + 0 < (@)  ", * () [Papaz. Plem., 172–189]. ! [? , 146, 160]. B @!"# %% . /'@,!/'!"# < [? , 230, 268]. 75–73 . < - + . ? < * /* ', * , . , - G [Papaz. Plem., 137–140]. ?

128 <. . ' 29–28 . . &. * ,. $ 15 . . &. +

-10-4. , , %&'

J ?* '* @ : Ü s 1. (Ãñéãêé ðáíá); 2. *() (Ãñá êïò) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; !"<, 438]. ? : GRINKI + APANA. < – 3 . 1. GRINKI GR(I) -INKI, -INI -IKI. A(N)GRA N A. " - , ANGRA: ANGRA > ANGRI > ANGRINKI > AGRINKI > GRINKI. 2. APANA APA (, ) -ANA. < – APANI. $ GRAIK(A) GRAI -KA. - 3 GRAI ". GRAI ANGRA ( ) N A : ANGRA > ANGRAI > AGRAI > GRAI. / -KA. - – GRAIKI ( -IKI). @ (Remessiana) . . 0 ? . - , @ (0 <). @ - ?* '* @, G- * . / . < / . 0 <, G , . @'!Q. GRINKI + . () . , @ G *- ' . ?. *- . / '. GRAH -OVO - H, . " @!. ! ' - – G > K -IŠTE: GRAI > GRAIŠTE > KRAIŠTE. G : 1. / @!"#

9 ? , % () 129 – @!'!. " @ . +, * / . . @!'!"# @!"#, @. 2. ' * - . ' , @!, . @ @!-@A'! ,. $ + %%% ., ?- [PG, 92, 138; Nied. Sl. st., I-1, 188], - . ' : (), - () (), (?), (). / <'/0!! @A'/@<"!: ÓáñìÜôùí h r P déór èíç êá ðïéêίáé äýï, ‘Áìáîoâéïé, ÃñáéêïóáñìÜôáé. P ðïéêίáé ‘+’ – @A'/@<"!. - <'/0! ‘ ’ + -. " - /. B <'/0!! - -, * . ". $ – @A'/@<"!, , +, - %% – %%% . . ! @A'/@<"! , /@<"! – @A'(!). /@<"!, %–V . – @@"!, !

130 -10-5. *, %

@ 3 + " (,) ?, " ,- , + + – Porolissensis: „/ , ", #+, J, /, ' (Congri), ?...“ [Geogr. Rav., IV, p. 5, 47; Izvoare, II, 581] " , * " . "* ? / * - ! ' ( 0) / . "- . ? B, /. ? ? '. / * / ", ?. ", <, . (Agriş), /. . '. * . , : , , (Agrişu). " , - 3 AGRIŠ. 3 ANGRA. -IŠ 3 : ANGRA > AGRA > AGRIŠ. 3 ANGRA - KA - KONGRI: KA-ANGRA > KANGRA > KĂNGRA > KONGRA > KONGRI. ? A > O ANGRA > ONGRA > OGRA > UGRA. ? KONGRI , , ‘ (, ) () @’. Q - + '@!-'@!, - @ (). < - @ 3. " , @ (@!w) , . @ (0 <). /- : 1. " 3 , - . 2. @ +, @ (0 <) % . . &. " - * . / (Samus), .

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$ * . , $, , – ANGRA.

131 1. @ J . < /. 2. @ ? . <, . 3. @ F .  , – J. ' -, 3 UGRA - 3 ANGRA: ANGRA > AGRA > OGRA > UGRA. ! PAHRA 3 A(N)GRA - PA (. ): PA-ANGRA > PAGRA > PAHRA, N G > H. / . OHŘE (EGER), # (N). ? G > H +. PAHRA PAGRI > PAHRI, , - ‘ () @’. @ NUGRƒ , - NA (. ). B PAHRA, A(N)GRA - A > O > U, UGRA : NA-ANGRA > NAGRA > NOGRA > NUGRA > NUGRI > NUGRƒ. H NUGRI - , ‘ (, ) () J@ (@)’. " , . . [  . - , . . $†, 143–144, 38]. $ $"!"#-$##,! / / (. ?) (. %%-11-3). ? $"!"#- $Q"!N! * V%%–V%%% . ? 3 @ – , 3 J. / , $Q"!N! + J . " @! (J@!), ?@!, @! (J@!). " $Q"!N!"#, G. / $Q"!N! , - . - @! (J@!), ?@!, @! (J@!) - . " , – J@, ?&@, J@ƒ. @ J ? @. / . <- (@) @, '* (. /- ). " + - @! (J@!) . $Q"!N!"# . $ G : 1. $ % . . &. - + < – @! ( ?), - @ (0 <), . " , – / (.

132 , '@!). < @! - , * ', - , 106 . 2. ? ()@! . ? $"!-$##,! %–V ., (V% .). " @!"# . J. 3. $ V%% . - . ? V%%–V%%% . - $Q"!N! @,!

-10-7.

? $@! + &–&% ., : WAGRI, WAGIRI, WAIGRI, WAGRIRENSES; WAGRIA, WAGRICA, WAGRIRENSIS provincia [Nied. Sl. st., %%%, 128–129]. ? &* G * / . $@!"# / (. ). < &%V . B VAGRI : - ANGRA, A(N)GRA (ANGROS) N - V(A) (. , ). . B VAGRI ‘ , () () @’. " . @/ (@), . 0 <, G . " $@! - @!"#, @. N $@!"# G % . . &. ' @! @/!. $ $@!"# , " (. ?), 3 + $"! ($##,!). , $@!"# $@ ($@, $Q@) – . / M ? (+), . ?. @ *- : „ $“ (1097 .) [?$, %, 179]. - #0. ? $@!"# * / - %–V% . " , – !, /'/!, 0,@!"!, $#"!, $@!.

133 -10-8. '

1. J '* ?*: „?- , * , () Ü (Ô ãñïé), “ [Ptol., III, 5, 11; Izvoare, I, 541]. ! (N)GRA - DA (. ). " ‘ () @’. DA-AGRA > DAGRI > TAGRI, D > T. / '. ?*, * ! ', " (,) ?. < ()@!"#, . @!w / ,. / - + 106 . ! '. 2. ' " +: 1. Tegra [Not. Dign., XL, 9]; 2. Tegris [Tab. Peut., VIII, 2]; 3. Tigris [Geogr. Rav., IV, 7]; 4. ?* '*- : „$ <, * !: ... " (Ôίãñá)...“ [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; !"<, 447]. ' * . <- , @, ,. * , IGRA – $, , ". $ E-I : TEGRA-TIGRA. ' EGRA-IGRA - DA (. ): DA-EGRA > DEGRA > TEGRA. TIGRA D > T. " TEGRI : ‘ #@ (!@)’. < "@!, %% . '. ?* * ! '. ? %%%–%V . + , <. / , %%% – %V . " - + * , .

-10-9. ,

@!$@!! (ANGRIVARII) / $ (Visurgis), &#@J/'!"#. / 16 . . &., *. ? % . &$'! - #, &#@J/'!"#. Q ANGRI (VARII) - – ENGER. ? & . + /'/!"#. ,

134 ? – - - : ANGRI ANGRIVARII. $ -VARA (VARI), – BARA (). ? ANGRI ANGRA-ANGROS (0 <). / + @!-@!$@!! + G @. & : 1. ? '!<0@! "#$"! M / , @* 120–102 . . &. /* , - , * ,, / ", /'@,!/'!"# . ? /'@,!/'!"# - '!<0@! "#$"! + <. ? <@$, . . @!"#. / - +. $ *, - <, ,. " 110 . . &. M '!<0@! "#$"! / , , @*. $ - (. 0). / @! – @. " % . . &. @!, @!$@!! @*, $. 2. ? @! - * * 0 60–44 . . &. G , . / : „... + . "* , ! " + < !“ [Strab., VII, 3, 11; !"<, 213]. 3. ? + < 29 . . &. 15 . . &.

-11-1. '

I "! : Áíôåò, I I T Áíôáé, Áíôçò íçñ, Antae, Antes, Anti [Nied. Sl. st., I-4, 72]. # /'$!! (Óêëáâçíïί) V% . "! $##,! ($##"!) (. %%-5-2, %%-11- 3). B – "!, $##,! /'$!!, - , . / - V . . '

135 -, – $##,! "! – (%–V .). ? /'$!! "! - , V% . ' ?* '*, M % (527–565) , * [Proc. Hist. Arc., 18; !0!, %%, 151]. @ , , /'$!! "!, - . / "!"# - V% . – 602 . *- ?* '- *, * V% . "* , "!"# /'$!!"# . " , . / A V% .: „$ ,, +. , , $ G (Venetharum). - , (Sclaveni) (Antes). / < , $: . , *- , , ,, ?* . " “ [Iord. Get., 34, 35; !0!, %, 336]. ?-, * & %V . $##,!"#, A : „ , - , , , . . $##"!, "! /'$#! (Venethi, Antes, Sclaveni). , & “ [Iord. Get., 119; !0!, %, 344]. 1. ?* '*, A, – /'$!! "!. "* – $##,!"#. 2. A "!, /'$!! – $##,!"#. "* . 3. "!"# , ,. 4. + "! /'$!! . ,. 5. + "! $##,! . < G, + ,. $##,!"#, , A, $ ($), . . / '.

136 6. < A, , - (per varias familias et loca). " : 1) ; 2) . A "!"# %V . $*, &: „$*, * - $3 , - &- , , . B, - , , . ' , . / * , + 0 (Boz) +, “ [Iord. Get., 247; !0!, %, 354]. " 60- – 70- %V ., . . / N. ? - $*, * . # [Iord. Get., 248]. f "!"#, + (rex) Boz , BOZI ( BOZI BOŽI). " BOG (BUG), . M 0, G > Z G > Ž . " 3 . ?- - 3 -ANI V%%–%& . BUŽANI. " - 0B! (0JB!) . M 0 (%V .). " , A, , ,. ' *- "!"# &- . "* @ < * (161–180). /- , G 3, /3 $* (V%% .). / „, I h X " ( Áíèçò, Óêýèçò èíïò Èñ êéïí), () /, &“ [Herod. Liber III; Izvoare, I, 624–625]. / / & [Hdt., IV, 10]. / : 1. "#/ ". B * %% . . / /'!"! G ,, . ,- (- + < /) %V . . &. [Strab., VII, 4, 5; Izvoare, I, 242–243]. $ - ?* / (% . . &.) - , (. 0) . B (. 0 ). * [Plin. N. h., IV, 11, 41; Izvoare, I, 398–399]. ? %%–% . . &. / N. 2. "#/ / (/ N), * ". $ * ,

137 % . . &. G . , "!"#. < - I 3 Áíèåò ("!). $ %% ., * " , (101–106 .), -+ . B ! ' , . " + M 0 , - / ,+ / ,. " %–%% . 3 . ?+ * "!, - ANTA ‘*, , +, , - ’. / ‘ , *, - (*+)’. ! , , * , . <. H, $ - "! * ANTA-ANDA - ‘*, +, ’ [, &. ˆ/@Q, %, 376. B . , +. , 24–27]. ' + ANTA - : . ántah ‘*, ’; antyah ‘ ’; . anta ‘*’; ananta ‘, $’; . ändä ‘‘*, - T +’; andág ‘’; . Ende ‘*’; . íôá ‘ , , ’. @ , - () +. " . " , 0#@. B - ANTA 3 : 1. ANTA > ANDA; 2. ANTA > ÄNTA > ENTA (> ENDA); 3. ANTA > ĂNTA > ONTA (ONDA); 4. ? N : ATA, ETA, OTA; 5. /: ADA, EDA, ODA: 1. . *, . êðàí, . ANTA KRA: KRA- ANTA > KRANTI > KRANDI > KRANNI > KRANƒI > KRAJ. /. . . - F* ( – F* ); . . ‹ ‘*’. 2. '+. . ANTA, ' ' (> EC): KA- ANTA-AK > KANTAK > KONTAK > KONDAK > KONNAK > KONEK > KONEC. 3. . . , , *, ( " > K) – 0#@ . îí©äý, . ¹äý, . . , . . . (?), (?): . ANTA, T (. ): AT-ANTA > ATANDA > OTANDA > ODANDA > ODANDÄ > ODANDE (> ODLNDE) – ‘ ’. . , ; . ANTA, " -': AT-ANTA-AK > ATANTAK > ATATAK ( N ) > OTATAK > ""L' > ""L' ( ). B: ‘ , ’.

138 4. . , . G – 0#@ * , -, -, - [0#@, %, 615]. /, . - ANTA, ZAD (< SAT?) -EN: ZAD-ANTA > ZATANTA > ZATANTEN > ZATLNTEN. B: ‘ , ’. 5. . , ‘ , , ’; . jedva, . odvaj; . ; . . , ; . jedva; . jedwa; . odvos – . *advas. . ANTA VA: 1. ANTA-VA > ANTVA > ÄNTVA > ENTVA > ENDVA > EDVA ( N ); 2. ANTVA > ANDVA > ĂNDVA > ONDVA > ODVA. B: ‘, ’. 6. . ; . jędrny ‘, ’. . ANTA -AR : ANTA-AR > ANTAR > ANTÄR > ENTAR > ENDAR > EDAR > E,LR, . . EDRA. ? -AR > -RA: . ENDRA > JENDR-NI N. B: ‘ , ’. ' ANTA : 1. 0 (ÂéóÜíèç), . @ < . N 2. 0 (Âõæ íôéïí, Byzantium), . !. 3. (Antiana) – , ?, . 0 - [TIR, L-34, 28]. 4. (Anthium) – ?* /, - [Plin. N. h., IV, 11, 40–50]. $ . "!Q [//:, . $-, 408–409]. B 3 N. 5. < (Malianda) [Plin. N. h., IV, 143] – $ < . / MAL ‘’ (. . ) ANDA ‘*’. B: ‘ , * ’. *. 6. , (ÄáíèáëÞôáé, ÄåíèçëÞôáé). / DA (. ), ANTA (> ENTA) ‘*’ LETI. B: ‘#"! , * #"!’. /. " , *- #"! (. . ). 7. ? (Priantae) [Solin., 10, 7; Plin. N. h., IV, 41] – . & (<+). 8. 0 (ÂñéáíôéêÞ) [Hdt., VII, 108] – <- <, 0 ". 9. < (Ìåëáíäίá) [Steph. Byz., 441, 19] – * /. B: U 5. s 10. < (Ìåëáíä ôáé) [Xen. Anab., 7, 2, 32] – ". B- : U 5. I 11. ( Áâáíôåò) – * - #. „? - 0 H (#) - 0"! [Strab., X, 1, 3; !"<, 226]. ?

139 : 1. ABA – , * ; 2. ANTA – ‘*’. B- : ‘ 0 , * *+’ (. %%-1). / "!"# : 1. , – % . ( G ) %% . ( ,), - , (/ ,+?). " + "! (*+). " (%% - ) , - (% ). 2. ? 30- – 40- %%% . / N . " ! ' , . / "!"# G, , /@- <"! !. / %V . . . N . / A - & ( %V .) $##"!, "! (Antes) /'$!! [Iord. Get., 33–35; !0!, %, 336]. " , /'$!! V – V% . 3. & %V . - "!"# - *. 4. / 60- 70- V . - - - . , ?. " V% . / , ( * , ?- ) 3 () – /'$!!"#. "!"# ! ' . $##,/'!"# - / ' 0* . ?* '* ( V% .) - "! /'$!!: „# – - . " : - . " , , +, . ! ; - . $ , . $ , „“ (Óðόñïé), , , . ! - – - . $ “ [Proc. Libri de bellis, VIII; !0!, %%, 126–127].

140 ? <* ( V% .): „? - “ [Maur. Strat., XI, 4; !0!, %%, 280]. 5. V% . "!"# G, , - 'J"@!J@!"#. 6. M V% . - . ? - , . @ * /'$!! &J! (). 7. B +, M % - *. B + * G+ ( - 3 ) . " , . 0 - 3 . / "! /'$!!. 8. ! M % "!"# G+ - " ( " ,, 0 (+) ,+). " "!"# 'J"@!J@! /'$!!. 9. /G $ "!"# G 546 . [Bonev, Č. Les Antes, 46]. . $ , "!. ( ?- ?) ,+, 0 (? H+*) - . N, / [;, . , 56–62]. - "! – , < < /. ! - + . 10. " , ( ) - – G, * - . "!"# G $ 602 . " 'J"@!J@!, . 11. ' 560 . "!"# $@!, / ,. ? "!"# 602 . +. 12. / 602 . ( <- *), H (602–610) !* (610–641) + G . $ "!"#. $ -

141 /#$#@! /#$#@!. ?Qx!"# , ,@$!N!"# <- ?. " , 3 – - 0 – - , "!"# . . 0L@/'!"# /$Q!. " ,: - , " , G - - . ?- 3 - - * . / ! ? <, G , – ! – <. B "!"# 0 V%% . . ? - , . 13. "!"# 3 G !B"N/$Q/'!"# V%%–%& . / - + , . 14. / V%% . – /'$!! (/$Q!, /$#!) – . " + . $##,! ($#,!) , - "! * .

-11-2. '

/ , %V ., , – @@"! !

142 <, " ,, . . ', - . " QB!!"#-/@<"!, - . $ * ( ) < ?. @'/!"# – – QB!!"# , . / QB!!"# -+, . ? (G) . N - - . - /@<"!"# %%–%V . . - , [Ist. Român., I, 679]. ? %%–%%% . /@<"!, - + , +. / * " ,, - <. ? 316–324 . ' $ (306–337) + - . "* 315–316 . ? 322 . , /@<"!"#, , ?. / . ? 323 . ' $ , @, ,, . <. G+ +*. ? 328 . , # – /. " '- $ . ? 332 . /@<"!"# " - , . <. ? , : $ : „/ * * - . " * + ' . " +, . " * G , . (servi Sarmatorum) . ' + ", /, < ! “ [Anon. Vales, VI, 30–32; Izvoare, II, 48–49; !0!, %, 323]. ? *: „/ * (' – . .) - , , . . - “ [Oros., VII, 28, 29; Anon. Vales, VI, 34; Izvoare, II, 48–49; !0!, %, 210]. ' (334 .): „? + (Sarmatae servi universa gens) @“ [Consul Const., MGH, AA, IX, 1, p. 234; !0!, %, 296].

143 #* '*, & (&): „$ 332 . . &., 277 . $ 334 . . &., 278 - (Sarmatae Limigantes), * *, , (Argaragantes)“ [Euseb. Caes. Chron. (Hieron.), 233, c, f; Izvoare, II, 10–11]. B 334 . , <+ '+* %% (337–361) 358 . , !

144 +* %% – . .) , @, $, , - , < $ ?“ [Am. Marc., XVI, 10, 20; !0!, %, 118]. $ /@<"!, !

10 ? , % () 145 , “ [Am. Marc., XVI%, 13, 22; !0!, %, 127]. " " M ' (,, , ) * . '@w . 0. / , 358 . !

146 "*3 + . ", ', . - <, . / , - <, . , !

147 , * . 0 - . - + . ? !

148 , , . $ - "+ + - - %–V . "+ $##"! H#!, . " - + – + - . B "+ $##"!"# - 3 + (- , - +, ), . $ 0* * ?* / /@<"! - , $##,!: „ , ( # – . .) $ (Sarmatis), (Venedis), , ...“ [Plin. N. h., IV, 13, 96–97; /,?!/, 24– 25]. ? -/@<"! % . . /@<"! - – ? . " - + %%% . , + ,, * : Sarmatae vagi ( ), solitu-dines Sarmatorum ( ), Amaxobii Sarmatae (, - ), Lupiones Sarmatae ( ), Venadi Sarmatae ( ). $##,!-/@<"! , – Ad Aquas, Apula, Germizera, Burridava. $ * - " / ' $ [Tab. Peut., VII, 1; /,?!/, I, 69–76]. Venedi ( Sarmatae) ,, . - [Tab. Peut., VII, 4; /,?!/, I, 69–76]. Sarmatae vagi ( ) Amaxobii Sarmatae (- , ) /@<"!-, - , . B solitudines Sarmatorum (- ) " / (. / J). Venadi Sarmatae ( ) , / ' 0- * , /. Lupiones Sarmatae ( ) Lugiones. " J!(!), , $##,!"# Sarmatae. " * ? 3 /@<"!"# – @@"! !

149 / /@<"!, @@"! (Argaragantes) ! G. $ rcaragantes K-G . ARKA , ARKI. " - @' (. '). + @'!,$ (Arcidava), - . $ (Vărădia) (. %%-17-1). ! 3 @@! , @' "- , 270–275 . ? @@! ARKA -AR: ARKA > ARKAR; ARKARI > ARGARI. ? -AR : "-"@, #/'-!/'@ (. %%-7-6). , - + ARCIDAVA ARGIDAVA ARKARI > ARGARI (K > G). 2. ? LIMI (LIMIGANTI) ILIMA, . Q+ (Ialomia), . < (. . ). " , I (, ): ILIMA > ILIMI > LIMI. ? (!)! M). "! KANTA > KANTI > GANTI. $ : Limicantes, garacantes, rgaracantes. " K-G . B- ‘ (, ) ’, ANTI ( - ) VANTI ( - VA, . , ). , -

150 @@! (!)!

151 322 . ' $ - @@"!"# G (3) . 9. ? 332 . + ' @@"!"#, – . 10. , -, 334 . !

152 [Ist. Român., II, 439–441]. B , $"! ($##,!) % ., (?* /, "+). "!"# %% . (&). " + (V .) (V% .). !, "! - . " %%% . ,. ! – &J!"# / , " %V . ? V . 3 – /'$!!. ? "! " , + V% . A.

-11-3. ' (++<)

/ $"! ($##,!) - : % . . &. – % . . &.; %% . / $##,!"# - + %–V% . ?* / ! ( 77 . . &.): „... - # (Aeningia). , $ (Visulam) (Sarmatis), (Venedis), , , ' (Cylipenum) – (Latrim), , (Cimbris) [Plin. N. h., IV, 13, 96–97; /,?!/, %, 24–25]. # $ (. . ). $ (Visula) . $ – 3 : uisulam, uistulam, uistlam. / - (Latris) . (. %%-21-2). $ /@<"! $##,! ‘ $##,!’ (. II-11-2) [Plin. N. h., IV, 14, 107, 109]. ! &!@!"# &@!!"# "+ [Tac. Germ., 43, 2]. ? /'!@! %%% . * ! '. $ - 0* *, - G %% . . &. J ?* / *- -$##,!. / % . 0* *- $ . "+ (98 . . &.): „" + /. , (Venethorum) 3 -

153 . $ (Peucini), - (Bastarnas), , , . $ , *- . N . $ , * * 3. $ - , - – , “ [Tac. Germ., 46, 1–2; /,?!/, %, 38–39]. $ (Venethi, 3: Venetorumque, Venedorum) - - 3. ? %% . . &. – %%% . . &. * !- '. / / , - - ? [Strab., VII, 3, 17; Izvoare, I, 242–243]. ?* [Plin. N. h., IV, 14, 99; Izvoare, I, 404–405]. / '* ?* (%% .) ,- [Ptol., III, 10, 3; Izvoare, I, 552–553]. ? %% . . &. ( * ! ') % . . &. ( . ,). $ %–%%% . * ! '- , . H, "+, * , - $ [Tac. Germ., 46, 3–4]. " 3 . /, "+, $##"!"# $ ! ? (. <). " - % . ? G , * ,, ? ,- , B 0, / $. " - $##"!"# ?* /, '. ?*, ?- A. ? VENEDI . , $##"! %–%%% .  G. '* ?* " ( %% .): „#* / - š / * $ (ôïí Ï åíå- ’ äéê í êoëðïí) /, ... N š N – $ (ô Ï íåäéê ñç)“ [Ptol., III, 5, 1; 5; /,?!/, %, 50–51]. š „ / – (Ï åíÝäáé) * +- š ’ $ (ôïí Ï åíåäéê í êoëðïí)... ! - /- : $ - , 3, ; - 3, 3, , , -

154 , * '. ! - , - ... ! * * $ , - ,  ...“ [Ptol., III, 5, 7–10; /,?!/, %, 50–51]. $ '. ?* $##,!"# : 1) $##,!; 2) $ / (0- * ); 3) $ . $##,!"# G , #- * /. " * + $ . ! - () - (G) $##,!"# - . $ - . $ , /, ! . '* ?* G *- , - %% ., . . - + – , 106 . $ , '. ?* #* /, $ + ,, : , , , , , . " . " G $ – , '. ?* $. " *- $ ( / '- )  ($ ) , – (?), 3. f „ “ -  '. ?*. # ( %%% . - %V .). V%%, 1, * , : Sarmatae vagi ( ), solitudines Sarmatorum ( ), Amaxobii Sarmatae (, ), Lupiones Sarmatae ( ), Venadi Sarmatae ( ), Alpes Bastarnice (0 ), Blastarni (), Dacpetoporiani ( ). - $-/ ,: Ad Aquas, Apula, Germizera, Burridava. ? " $, . . - / '. V%%, 4 VENEDI, G 0 , . Agalingus, 0 N , ,. VENEDI Piti, Gaetae, Dagae [Tab. Peut., VII, 1, 4; /,?!/, %, 69–74].

155 „0“ (Sarmatae vagi) , „ “ (Amaxobii Sarmatae), /@<"!"#-QB!! . " ( <#"/"! '. ?*). „/ “ - QB!!"# " – , /- . „0 “ ! ', * - 0/"@!"# (Blastarni). $ . (Agalingus) . '. , – (Dacpetoporiani) Dagae, Gaetae. Lupiones Sarmatae 3 Lugiones () J! (. . ). B (Piti) . $##,!"# : 1. + ,, / '. , * , . 2. + ,, - . < , $##,!"# - %%–%%% . – " , (270– 275), 0/"@!"# ( ) 230–240 . " #"! ,'!, %% – %%% . A ( 551 .): „$ / , * . " (Tisia), G ,* (Danubius), – H, *, * - , **, !“ (33). „$ ( – . .) ,, - + . , , , $ - (Venetharum natio). < , - (Sclaueni et Antes)“ (34). „/ (ciuitate Nouitunense) , < (Mursiano), , (ad Danastrum) $ (Viscla); . (Antes), *-- , , , (ad Danaprum). " “ (35). „/ (Herulorum) & (Hermanaricus) - * (Venethos), , * - , , . , - . ", - , , * , , . . , (Venethi, Antes, Sclaveni).

156 , & “ (119) [Iord. Get., 33–35; /,?!/, %, 106–107, 110–111; !0!, %, 336, 344]. A , . ? " (Tisia), . . ", H (Flutausis), "-J", . (. ). , + ,, '. B + , /'$!!"#, . < . B - . ' *- . , * / ? () - . <, , ,. " * $##"!, A- , $ ($). , /'$!!"# $ ($). / / ' $##"!"# – /'$!!"#. "* + /'$!! "! . ,, * , + - . A : $##"!, "! /'$!! , . . . , – - () . ? G . $ – : "!, $##"!, /'$!!. / A, %V . & , . . - . " - . N – . 0. N * 3 . # & , , - ? ,. " %V . (60- ) *- G ?. $ %–V% . $##,!"# 3: Venedi, š Venethi, Ï åíÝäïé, Venethae, Veneti. ? . - $##"! - 0: Veneti [Caes. B. G., II, 34; III, 7– š 16; IV, 21; VII, 75; Plin. N. h., IV, 14, 107, 109]; Ï Ýíåôïé [Strab., IV, 194; Ptol., II, š r 8, 6]; O åíåôï [Dio Cass., 39, 40]. " + [Merlat, P. Les Vénètes, 5–40]. # Veneti . ? – $- . $+. < !. " - $##,!-$##"! /.

157 , , [Łowm. Pocz., I, 87–92; /,?!/, %, 43–44]. /- . *vet ‘, , , +’. , , – "!"#. ! – , , 3. / - . J - 3 WENDI (WENDEN), VINDI, WINEDI. ! - . / - $##,!"# , 3 0* * % . 3 ANTA ‘*, , ’ - VA (. , ): VA-ANTA > VANTA > VANTI. B ‘ ’, ANTI GANTI – + - . B ANTA ANTA > ANDA > ÄNDA > ENDA. " - . J - +: . #nde. VANTI : VANTI > VANDI > VÄNDI > VENDI ; VANTI > VÄNTI > VENTI ; VENDI > VINDI. $ VENTI, VENDI 3 VENEDI, VENETHI ?* /, "+ '* ?* VENETI – 0. , ANTA-ANDA N T – . . . -. $ VINDI, VINEDI. / %–%% . VANTI-VENTI VANDI-VENDI. # V#NEDI - V%%–&%% . /$Q!"# - SCLAVI. H V#NEDI , *- . SCLAVI - - +. " . $ : VENEDI, VINEDI, WINEDI, WINETHI, VINETHES, WINNETES, WINITI, WINIDI, WINODI, VIONUDI, VINADES, VINEDES, VENADI, VENETII, VENETICI, VINICII, UUNEDI, UUNIDI [/,?!/, %%, 583]. $ $"!-$##,! : 1. / <. . ' 29–28 . . &. G ,- . " + + < (15 . . &.)

158 + + " (46 . . &.). ?- , *- , , ,. N -* . , . " 3 – , ( ? ,- ) ( "). ?+ / ' $ % . - * . " % . . &. – % . . &. $ / ' 0* . " $"! ($,!) ‘ ’ . 2. ? , " 101–106 . . " G -* , G +, - ( ). " , - . " / '- 0 . „? “, '. ?*, 3: 1) 3+ $; 2) * + + , %% . ?+ - 3 . (%%–% . . &.). / %–%% . /- + (). " $##,!"# . %–%% . + ', 0- * *, $ . $ + ( ) , * # (!, /'/!, $#"!). ? $#"!"#. '. ?- * ( %% .) $,  . ?- (V%%%–&%% .) $#"!"# ($##"!) #. $ , - , , , / # (). " , , +, : 1) , $##,!"#; 2) G – #. / 3 . "

159 + + , $##,!"#. / %–%%% . ? . 3. ? %%%–%V . , , G / N, , ,, - , , @*. ! %%% . " , %V . . / V . - / , ,. $ /'$!!. + $##,! /'$!! / '. $ - - $@!"# / , 566 . . 4. / V%% . - G, – /'$!!, "! $##,!. / ' . " ,. ? !* (610– 641) ! *. " - - G . M ? $ " ,. , / - . " - 3 * () . , - - G . $ V–V% . # J! /@0!, JP!w'!"# /@0!. ? V%% V%%% . - – ,. $Q"!N! @,!

-11-4. '

? (?), . . : „... . 0 Ö – @, * $. [...] ... - @ /G , $ +, “ [?$, %, 14].

160 / + () – @ ( ) $ ( ), , (- +). " . @ . / ( ,- ) @,! VANTIČI > VATIČI > VJATIČI. . KO-: VANT-KO > VATKO > VJATKO. / - G $Q"!N! $"!-$##,!. 3 -IČI - – V%–V%%% . " , $Q"!N! @,!

11 ? , % () 161 3. $Q"!N!"# &–&%% . ? 964 . / : „! $ “ [?$, %, 46–47]. ? &%% . $Q"!N!"#: ', ,, 0, $, ,, <+, $, ', <, /. "- $Q"!N!"# – - +3 [, . . $†, 144]. 4. G - $ <- .

-11-5. <

! $,! 3 , $"!-$##,!. *- $,!"# ?* / ! ( 77 .). / $,!"# (Vandali) , , , [Plin. N. h., IV, 99]. "+ ( – 98 .), * , , - , , $,! (VANDALIOS) [Tac. Germ., II, 2]. ?- - /"!!"# . ? . / [Schmidt, L. Wand., 9–12]. A - / G * , + J<#@J!"# $,! [Iord. Get., 4]. @ 3 $,! : Vandali, Vandilii, y Âáíäί-ëïé, Âáíä ëïé, Vanduli, Vandali [Schmidt, L. Wand., 3]. ? $,! Wandelbaren ‘, ’, Beweglichen ‘’ [? ]. !, - $"!-$##,! $,! - , - . VANDALI VAND : -ILI; -ALI; -ULI. ' -, 3 : VA-ANTA > VANTI > VANDI > VENDI (> VENEDI); VANTI > VENTI (> VENETI). VANDALI – VAND – - VANT > VAND. -ALI, -ILI * – . CORALI, CORPILI. / - , VANDALI (VANDILI) 3 - VANTI-VANDI -ILI, -ALI. – VANDI-VENEDI VANDALI – 3 3 . , . *- , -

162 0 / ' % . ? + $"! % . $ + - , - . , $"!"# . " , G - , . . $"!, $,!: VANT-ALI > VANTALI > VANDALI; VAND: VAND-ALI > VANDALI ( -ILI). ? $,! ($,!!) , , - . $"!-$,! ($#,!, $##,!) - , - . " , /"!! - (. %%-20-2). $ $,! – /$Q! - - +. " 0 (%& .) , (Slavonia) $!J!"# (Winulis), – $,! (Wandali). '+, @ & &V &V% ., - - Wandalia (1519 .) [. "=>, . /- , II, 14–15].

-12-1. "

$ % . - . " ,, (27 . . &. – 14 . . &.). / , , , +. " „ , * “ (Danuviusque rapax et Dacius orbe remoto Appulus), * ?- [Poetae lat. minores, I, 117–118; Izvoare, I, 344–345]. (Appulus) . " ,. ?- + <. $+*, * 10–9 . . &. *- . / , " . (. M), * + + Dacia Apulensis. ' - , * - , . <. ! - I 3: 1. Áðïõëïí [Ptol., III, 8, 4]; 2. Apulon [Geogr. Rav., IV, 7]; 3. Apula [Tab. Peut., VIII, 1]; 4. () [TIR, L-34, 29].

163 # .. *ap ‘’ [Tom. Thr., II, 2, 53]. / A. @ .. *apel-*apol ‘, ’ [Russu, I. Limba, 57]. ! , APA ‘, ’ -UL. ? : 1) ; 2) – AL > OL > UL () . / , . <, . M * ?J!. - + ?J – 3 ?- . / , 106 . . .

-12-2. ", "%

+ , – . . '. ! + 3: ÍÜðïõêá [Ptol., III, 8, 4], Napoca [Tab. Peut., VIII, 2; Geogr. Rav., IV, 7]. $ 3 – Napoca Napuca, [TIR, L-34, 83]. ! APA ‘, ’, - NA (. ) -OKA > -UKA, -AKA: NA-APA-AKA > NAPAKA > NAPOKA > NAPUKA. B: ‘() ’. ‘’ – . , . /- , @. < * ?! + ?'. / 106 . * . ! ?#!. ! Ü Ü + / ? (Ð ëïò) (Í ðçò). ,- /+*: „/ - Ü , – (Ð ëïõò) Ü (Í ðáò). / + +, *, - " "“ [Diod., II, 43, 4; Izvoare, I, 190–191]. ?* / - ?#! (Napaei) " (,) [Plin. N. h., VI, 22].

-12-3. ", "?, %"?, %"

APA ‘, ’ - K(A) (. . , ) : KA-APA > KAPA. B: ‘ () ()’. " + kępa ‘- ’. , 3 KAPA: KAPA > KEPA > KENPA (kępa) APA > EPA .

164 , KAPA: 1. ' – < / ', . . ", . '+: 1. [Tab. Peut., VIII, 3; It. Ant., 224, 3; Not. Dign. Or., XXIX, 4, 13]; 2. Êáðßäáõá [Hierocl., 637, 10]; 3. Êáðßäáâá [C. Porph. De them., 47, 15], [TIR, L-35, 30]. ‘ () ’. 2. ' (Êáðéóôïõñiá) [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; !"<, 446] – ", & [Detsch. Spr., 226]. $ - STURIA ‘’, ‘ ’. 3. ' (Êáðüìáëâá) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4; !"<, 437] – ,. MALVA – . . <, ,, < ? < (. /- ). / ‘ <’. $ + . < (. . ). 4. ' (Capedunum) [Strab., VII, 5, 12 ; Izvoare, I, 248–249] – . < . J+ /. $ - DUNUM ‘, ’. ? KAPE . /- , KAPE DUNUM. ? KAPA 3 KOPA (> KUPA), : APA > OPA > UPA. " - : 1. ' (Êïðïýóôïñïò) [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; !"<, 447] – < / , <. ! ': KOPU ( KAPA) STORA (STOROS) ‘- ’. B : ‘ ’. 2. ' – 1. Cuppe [It. Ant., 217, 63]; 2. Vico Cuppe [Tab. Peut., VII, 3]; 3. Cuppis [Not. Dign. Or., XLI, 19, 25, 32; Geogr. Rav., IV, 7]; 4. Êïýðïõò [Proc. De aed., IV, 6]. ? – * ,, . ? KAPA-KOPA : 1. Êïðáíoò (/) – [Vasmer, M. Griech., 205] . - ‘wassergrabe’. 2. @ Koppany (1256 .) [DIR, C, II, 17] – ' ". 3. '+ (Êáðáíßôóá) – , +. $ ' . !- , APA . $ @, . / 0, -

165 3 '?x!. ? „*“ - . ! – '?x! – KAPA -ANCI. $ '?J/"@/,  – '?!,$. $ * . + , APA > OPA. / - KAPI ( ) 3 KAPANI (KAPANCI) OPANI -ANI, -ANCI. " '?x!"# : 1. / KAPI . , @ – /- . , '?! - * . ?!@, . "* (. . 3). $- APIAR API- -AR. , , , , APA. ? . ?J/ (APUS): „Lederata XII. Apo fl. XII Arcidava.“ $ , ?J/ . 0. $ @ 3 . ?! (Appion), , / [Geogr. Rav., IV, 11; Izvoare, II, 580–581]. , APIAR API -AR (. ALTA-ALTAR, ARKA-ARKAR, ESK(US)-ISKAR). $ API - + – AP(US) API(ON). API APIAR ("* ) KAPI – - K(A) (. , ; . . *). $ API-APIAR * . @. , ?!@!. " '?!"# *, '?x!. / '?!"# - * , - , + V%% . ? ( ) '?!-'?x! ?!. ! , - . ? 680 . '?x!"#. B V%%%–& . @, @, /. J '?x! . +3 , '?x!. ? @: ', ", ,+, - +, ', /, &, #, +, J+, P+, , (@). $ " : /, , ?+, - ['+, 7]. / '?x! +3- .

166 2. , '?! ?! + V%% . ? V% . , – . / '. $ / < '+ (") '- + (/). / /. $ * '?$x!. $. ' 3 * ', $ ' „“ [/@, . <., 38]. " . < '?!-'?x! V%%–%& . – - . @ ' (Căpu) / < (< /) "- . ! J – Copus. / - & . * (Gelou) [Anonymus, cap. XXIV–XXVII]. $ 1336 . ' (Koppan) [DIR, C, IV, 272], * . ? &%V . . ' * ', . "- (. . ). " - '. @ APA, - K(A) - -OŠ > UŠ: KA-APA-OŠ > KAPOŠ > KAPUŠ > KÂPUŠ; KAPUŠ > KOPUŠ. ! -KAPI. / , < /, ?' – – ?! (. ). APA. $ (V%–V%%% .) KAPANI (KOPANI) -ANI: KAPA-ANI > KAPANI > KOPANI. $ J ' Koppany – . $ %& – & . '?!"# < / . / J 0 ,. " . ' (Kapos) ' (Kópany). $ V%%–%& ., , '?!. ? %& . + 0 .

-12-4. ", "+

. . @, @ ". 1. Appiaria [It. Ant., 2245, 5; Not. Dign. Or., 40, 4, 22]; 2. Appiaris [Tab. Peut., VII, 2]; 3. Apiaris [Geogr. Rav., IV, 7]; 4. ’Áððéáñßá [Hierocl., 636, 7]; 5. „$ <- * ! ... (Áððßáñá)“ [Proc. De aed., IV, 11] ; 6. ÁððÝñåéá [Theoph. Sim., II, 15].

167 $ , < '. ?* : „... - (. . + – . .) (’ÁððéáñÞíóéïé)“ [Ptol., III, 104; !"<, 351]. ?- () ?!@. ! * ($. ", ,. ,), $. 0 [Beš. Prok., 140]. 1584 . (Q. ') . x (Cius fl.) , – Abiz flu. [. , 13]. 1660 . ("- ,) Silistra-Dorostero , Abir riv. [- . , 20]. @ – - . R Z 3. / 3 ABIR. ABIR APIARA P > B ( APA > ABA). /- APIAR - APIAR(A). ?!@ (@) * ?, @- ", . ' , . ,, - ? ', * M @ (?!@), . ?!@ (0!@). @, - , "*. " @ [&, . ,-, 31]. M . @ ( 7–8 ) . M. $ 3 APIAR(A). $ * „+“, , . <- „*“ [&$@, . !, 36]. ? . ? . APIAR, ,, - - APIAR(A). J * - . @ [<A, ?. ' , 335]. ! - APA ‘, ’ -AR: APA > API-AR > APIAR. /- ‘ () ’ – , +. ? ?!@ , . " '. ?* (*- %% .), 3 ?!@#/!!. + () ?!@(). - ". $ ?!@!"#. / % . () - + (). N ?!@!"# V%% . " +. '* . M -

168 . 0 [/B, C. , 38–64]. @ 3 V%% . [;, . ?+, 12]. „"*“ – , , . M, ?!@!"#. , , 3 APAR, APIAR: APAR > OPAR > UPAR > UPER > JUPER.

-13-1. <, <

0* . @, @. " <+ (&) " (") (- ). !  . 1. B *- $ & I (V%% . . &.) – @,#/' ( Áñäçóêïò) [Hesiod. Theog., 337–345; !"<, 15]. H ARDA -ESK: ARDA-ESK > ARDESK. ' "!0!/' ("- ), #@!/' (#). 2. / & ,* " . "* . " . (. #- ) – &, . „ ,* I ( Áñôçóêïò), “ [Hdt., IV, 92; !"<, 21]. " , * * (#) & - @"#/' (). H & &, – D > T. 3. $ . . ? $ ' +* 314 . : „? * $ * * H ' + . ? , * <* (in campo Mardiense)“ [Anon. Vales., I, 5, 17; !0!, %, 320]. N campus Ardienses . Mardiensis * [Velkov, V. Arda, 85]. * , * . ? * (Ardiensis) 3 ARDA. 4. $ , ?, Ardicenus vicus [CIL, VI, 32543 ; Detsch. Spr., 23]. " „ (vicus) +- “ @,. - @,!x#! @,!'! , + - @,. H . " - ARDA -IKI : ARDA-IKI > ARDIKI.

169 5. ! * %&– I & .: ? "3 ! – ( Áñôáêïò) [Theoph. Cont., I p. 387]; ? – ( Áñôáêçò). H ARTAK ARTA D-T - -AK: ARDA-AK > ARDAK > ARTAK. ? Timacus ("- ). -AK ( @"'! . %%-17-1). " ARDAKI, - ARDIKI. 6. @ , + N &%%% . J P3 F $ . (flum. d’Arte) [Villehardouin, II, p. 204]. ? 3 G D > T. - : 1. 3 ARDA, V%%% . . &. 2. ' V%%–V% . . &. ARDESK (> ARTESK). 3. ? (V%%–& .) 3 ARDAK (> ARTAK). < , , : 1) *- – ARDI; 2) %%%–% . – ARDIKI, ARDAKI; 3) (V%%–V%%% .).

-13-2. <+* (

@ @,P#w (Argeş) , . < M ' (H). *- & (V . . &.): „< , ( ! – . .), , /: , ?, - + ?, ", , (’Ïñäåóóüò). ?- * , !. $, ", -. , , * !“ [Hdt., IV, 48–49; Izvoare, I, 30–33]. $ +, &, + - . # (). "* ? (?) " (/), . ! ORDES (’Ïñäåóóoò) > O. ? 3 ARDES. " ARDA -EŠ, + -ÅÓÓ. -EŠ, -AŠ, -OŠ * - , – < (<, <), " ("-

170 , "), / (/). $ 3 – ARD ( ARD). , - , - -ARDI. - N+ ( ), ? (- +) @. / + , (106 .) - @,#w +, - . ( P, ?, ) - ( transalutanus) @,#w. $ @,!"# [Ist. Român., I, 658, 665–668]. " * % . . &. < ( ). " + - G + – 50 . #* ' [Strab., VII, 3, 10] - 100 . [CIL, XIL, 3608]. *, . %% . - * ,. @- %%–%%% . . . - '-<. '@?! /@<"! ! < [Bichir, Gh. Dacii, 28–31]. ? %%% . < , - + N-/ <. ? - %V ., - . / ? - V . – "!, $"!, "!. $ , - (V% .) – "!, $##,! /'$!!. ? V% . M ' , ($ - ) , – /'$!!"#. <* (582–602) . @,#w. / - - . ! <* - + . $ - * . N "3 /- . $ – . $* ' „, * , * + “ [Theoph. Sim., VI, 6; !0!, %%, 322–323]. - .

171 ? ? ,: „0 ( ' – . .), * , * - , * * ( – . .). , , . ? , , , . , , ... ! *, , - , , + $“ [Theoph. Sim., VI, 8; !0!, %%, 326]. / <* -- , . - @,/" (’ÁñäÜãáó- ôïò) . *gost, . Gast. B , 3 RADA, - ARDA. " @,/"ƒ [Kretschmer, P. Die slawische, 231]. " , + [/,?!/, %%, 45, . 17]. /, ARDAGAST ( - ?) – <* ?. " - * *. ? . $ (<) : @,P#w (@,#w) – ; 0JBLJ ( ARDŽEŠ. ? D > DŽ . " 3, , J- &V–&V%% .

172 / 1247 . . B < - / [DRH, B, I, 24–26]. " G - @,P#w. " + - @,P#w (' ). , - + 1200 . [Ist. Român., III, 366–371]. / - J , 1290 . @,J #@J ". " – 0 %. / @ H @,P#w. "* @ , - , 3 [Ist. Român., III, 568]. " , . RADU 3 ( ) ARDA: ARDA > RADA > RADO > RADU. " +, . ' -, ARDEŠ ARDA. / J - - ARDEŠ (ARDŽEŠ). ? &%% – - &%%% ., + . " 3 - @,!"# (@,!). ?- J- (jude) @,P#w.

-13-3. <&

! @,! RADOMA > RADOM(A); -KA: RADOM(A)- KA > RADOMKA.

173 ? RADAMA - (V%–V%%% .). ? (%%–V .) 3 ARDA ARDAMA. -AMA - APA ‘, ’: APA > ABA > AMA (. . ). ? $ ($) @,! . @,-@,#w () . <. ! 106 . ( + ,). ?- + ARDA. $ * % . . ! @,! RADAMA; RADAMA-IČI > RADAMIČI. 3. ? V%% V%%% . . " , . " - . ?, G @!, ?@!, @!, . " ( G) $Q"!N!. $ , @, RADEMIČI > RADIMIČI. ?, - , - (?). @ + @,!< $Q"' () . 4. $ %& . @,!

174 -14-1. (*)

? ARKA G ,. @'!,$ – . ', . $, * + (0). ? . /+ – " [TIR, L-34, 30]. $ 3: I 1. ( Áñãéäáõá) [Ptol., III, 8, 4; Izvoare, I, 544–545]. H , 0, E-I: ARKA-DAVA > ARKI-DAVA > ARGI-DAVA. 2. (Arcidava) [Tab. Peut., VII, 2 ; Izvoare, I, 738–739] : ARKA-DAVA > ARKI-DAVA. 3. (Arcidaba) [Geogr. Rav., IV, 14; Izvoare, II, 380–581]. $. dava – daba. 4. @ (@+) – M % 535 .: „... , , $+, @ (Recidiva) , ,, ...“ [Iust. Nov., XI; Izvoare, II, 378–379]. ? $+ . . '+ (/). , . . @ . - ( . . ? ), ?* '* [Ist. Român., I, 661]. ! . '. @ , 15–20 '. ? 531–534 . M % " &- *, * ,, [Proc. Libri de bellis, VII, 14 (1); !0!, II, 123–125]. $ - * (/, ,- , ,). H REKIDIVA V% . ( ) – , A > E > I DAVA: ARKIDAVA > RAKIDAVA > REKIDAVA > REKIDEVA > REKIDIVA. $ DEVA - G . @'!,$ . . '@w (Cara), ,, M ' – /, ,. $ ( ) 3- : KARASSO, KARASO, KARASOU, CRASSO, CRASSOW [DRH, C, V–XI]. + @ (Răcădia) – . Rákosd, Rakusd. RAKAS –

175 -d(y). , KARAS 3 RAKAŠ. RAKAŠ(D) ARKA -AŠ: ARKA-AŠ > ARKAŠ > RAKAŠ. / , - 3 KARAŠ. $ * ARKA-ERKA: 1. () – Olaherkes, . Olaharkus, Olarchis, Volaherkis – 1310, 1340, 1374, 1375 . – Alsó Fèher (&) [DH, 49–50, 84, 255, 258] – . 2. Erkes patak (Erkis patak) – . 3. Arkospataktöve (Arkuspothaktuwe) – 1326, 0 [DH, 66]. / . . KARAŞ - 3 ARKA. @ : 1. ARKA – 3 (@'!,$). 2. ARKAR – -AR (. !/'@, "@) (. %% .) (. @'@"!, %%-11-2) 3. ARKAŠ – -AS . " %V–V . 4. RAKAŠ – 3 - (V%–V%% .), . @ 535 . 5. KARAŠ – RAKAŠ > KARAŠ &–&%% . . / ?- ? (Apus) @' ('). , ARKA : 1. @'0,@ (’ÁñêïâÜäáñá) – , (50º40´–48º) [Ptol., III, 8, 4; Izvoare, I, 544–545]. ? 3 ’ÁñêïâÜäáõá (- ) – * äáõá ‘’ '. ?*. ? – ARKOBA, ARKA -OBA ( APA ‘, ’). $ * ARKOBA , - ( DAVA). / '. ?* @'0,$ . . < - / , (. / "). , ARKOBA (ARKA- APA) *. , ARKOBADAVA +, ARKA (') 106 . 2. @'! (’Áñêßííá – 49º–44º45´) [Ptol., III, 8, 4; Izvoare, I, 546–547] – ,, . , . . + +. ! ARKA -INA. ARKINI . 3. @J'!A (‘Ñïõêüíéïí – 46º30´–48º10´) [Ptol., III, 8, 4; Izvoare, I, 544– 545] – ,, / <, + -

176 +. ! ARKA -ONI: ARKA-ONI > ARKONI > RAKONI > ROKONI > RUKONI. ! . " G . ,: ™ 1. @'J! (’Áñêï íåò) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3 ; !"<, 437] – , / / ,. $. 0 [Beš. Prok., 99]. ! ARKA -INI (+- ™ -ï íåò). 0 ARKINA 3 ARKONI RUKONI(ON). / . 2. $ @'!,$ (vicus Arcidava) – < /, !, [Pippidi, D. ISM, I, 358]. / 3 @'!,$ ,. 3. @'J# (‘Ñáêïýëç) [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; !"<, 447] – &- . ! ARKA -ULA (-ULE): ARKA-ULA > ARKULA > RAKULA > RAKULE. 4. @'!! (’Áñãáíoêéëé) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; !"<, 438] – '* ,. 0 @' ('- ). ? ARGANO ARKA -ANI : ARKA-ANI > ARKAN > ARGAN(O). $ KILI KELA () (. . ). ARGAN- ARGANI . 5. @#!J< (Regianum) [Tab. Peut., %V, 1; !0!, %, 15] – ,, #, . . '*; Regiano [Geogr. Rav., IV, 7; !0!, %, 394]; ‘Ñçãéáíoí [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; !"<, 447]; REGINA – „ - *+ – @“ (Auxiliares Reginenses contra Reginam) [Not. Dign. Or., 41, 21; !0!, %, 246]. , . ARKA -AN(I): ARKA > ARKI- AN > ARKIAN > ARGIAN > RAGIAN > REGIAN. " 3 ARGAN (ARGANOKILI) – A>E. ' ARKA - , . 1. @'! (Arky) [DIR, C, IV, 56, 247] – * ("). 2. @'Jw (Arcuş) – . 0 ("). 3. @'! – . . Arcani . (), 1428 1444 . [DRH, D, I, 276]. 4. @'! – /. 5. 0w@' (Bosárkány) – . w (J). @' () J (&V–&V%%% .): æóïàí Àðêà [DRH, B, I, 34]; + [DRH, B, IV]; + [DRH, B, XXII]; + [DRH, B, XI]; + [DRH, B, XXIV]; (1594 .) [DRH, B, XI, 60, 203]; W (1544 .) [DRH, B, IV, 162].

12 ? , % () 177 -14-2. ,

/ 3 - @' (') , . 1. *- - @'!, – @', . ? + @'!,$, * . 2. B @'!"# , + * + – /@

-14-3. %. ,

!+ &–&%% . - @JQ (@), . @G, * w @.

178 / 1149 . @ , @JQ – [Nied. Sl. st., III, 147]. $ + &–&%% . : RUGIANI, RUIANI, ROIANI, RUANI (insula ruiacensis, terra Ruyanorum, gens Ruyanorum, Ruyia, Ruia), RUNI, RANI, RANA [? , 148]. $ Roien. @J!$!" – , . ? +- @!"# . @', * : ARCHON, ARKON, ARCON, ARCUN. , . w, 0*- . @# (REGA). $ - * %–%V . – @J!. *- % . "+: „ ... @ (Rugii et Lemovii)“ [Tac. Germ., 44, 1]. A (V% .), * - / (Scandza) M 0* *, , + - J<#@J!"# (Ulmerugorum) . ? [Iord. Get., IV, 25]. '* ?* (%% .) $ @J!A (ðüëéò ‘Ñïýãéïí) [Ptol., II, 11, 12]. ? A, * , &- ( %V .), ROGAS [Iord. Get., IV, 116, 117]. ? V . * ,. " RUGILAND [Paul. Diac. Hist. Lang., I, 19]. B @ – . ! J, . < ". ? ? %V . " /. ? - . Roggen ‘’ ‘+’ [Die Germ., I, 383–384]. ? % . * $ - , $ ($"!). f + @'! *- , *- . ,, @'! * . " (106 .). / @'! - * %% . / @J!, -, % . , . B @JQ!, @JQ! . ru-. . w - @JQ! , . . / , @J! G %V ., [Nied. Sl. st., III, 149].

179 B + @' , (jarky) ‘’. $ - . ARKONA * @JQ!"#. " ARK(A) - ON(A). " , ARKA- ARKI * . ARKONA (- @G) ™ – ARKUNI (’Áñêï íåò) (. -). / , - + @'! . / - + 3 . H RUGI, RUGIANI RUJANI, RUANI, RUNI ARKI + 3 : ARKI > ARGI (. ARGIDAVA) > RAGI > RĂGI > ROGI > RUGI. / -ANI: ARKANI > ARGANI (. ARGANOKILI) > RAGANI > RAGJANI > ROGJANI > RUGJANI > RUJANI ( G) > RUANI > RUNI. RUGI -ANI: RUGI-ANI > RUGJANI > RUJANI > RUANI > RUNI. $ % 0 , (0) - # 686 . : 3, (Rugini), , , , [Beda. Hist. eccl., V, 9]. < 906 . @J! (de Rugis) [MGH, II, 249–250]. " – . !, 3 RANI RAGJANI > RAJANI > RANI. ? * 3 - RUGI, - %–%V . $ RUGI-RUGJANI, RANI- RAGJANI. f @JQ!"#, @# (REGA). ! , 0* w, ARKA: ARKA > ARGA > RAGA > REGA. / , * @JQ!"#, . - @G. ?+ - * @' ('). $ @ 3 (V%% – . V%%% .) , / (0* ). ' 0 . @J!/ „qui vocatur Raugis“ [Geogr. Rav., IV, 4]. , @J!/ . . @#.

180 0 , * @JQ!"#, – @JQ (@). " + @', /. ? &%–&%% . @JQ!"# .

-15-1. ", "+"++, &+%"

? ARPA % . . &. / . &, 42 . . &., 0 M @. " . H ( < /) *, 0 '*, , - *. $* "* & < . H. ? * . . ' ( , – - GG – ') /* ( . ). $* *, ,+* - , ' /*. / *- + ' – @, * 0 '*. "* @: „? @ , - /* , * , , . , , +, - ’ G & (‘Áñðçóó ò), & ( Çñìïò), H, * , * “ [App., IV, 103; !"<, 331]. $* 0 '*, @, *- H . . & , . & – & (<+) . $+ (/G*), , . # . , @"#/' (. %%-13-1). " - . B - . , - : B /* , * , . ', ? , @ . / 0 '* ' - , @ * . GG ('- ), @ . $+ . . H- . , B, P-

181 . . - . , , - . . !", , . . , . # !$ % &. ! ' ' ($ - , ' () ' (($), . # – - . ' (($) – , $ , ' () – . + ' ERMA (. . / 0- ). ARPA ! - : ARPA > ARBA > ARMA > ERMA. + ' ARPEŠ, ARPA -EŠ: ARPA-EŠ > ARPEŠ. 1 + ARPA. ('), '/232 (/4), , - . , -  53(67. 3 ' ($) – %-%/2 (!. 88-13-1). (! $ , /4 . - $ , '/232 (/4). % : 1. 3 5<32 < -# !- % (2). # 576. % ! ARPA (!. -). 2. ( 0 . ' (×áðÝôéêéïí). 2 ' ' [Asdracha, C. Rhodopes, 154; , . , 260]. ! 0. 3 '6% ('888–'8V .) %. ! '/6631 ! ( ) ARPA. 3. . , . C //631 (ÐåñðåñÜêéïí) 1254 ., $ 88 [Acropolita (Heisenberg), 108]. 2 ' (‘ÕðåñðåñÜêéïí) - I 1344 . [Cant. (Bonn), II, 426–427]. ( - # 1339 . [Darrouzès, J. Les Régestes, No 2190]. 3 , 6 . [, . , 211–212]. 1 # - . # ,

182 $ $ [, ., . . ]. , $ , . - ! . PERPERAKI(ON), . PERPEREK, : 1) PERPE, 2) RAK (REK). ! ! ARPA - - –PA (. ): PA-ARPA > PARPA. ( – . - REKA, A-E (. . . -). ( – PARPA ‘ () ’. (- ! PARPI , – PARPA. -, (V88 .), PARPA REKA (RAKA) – PARPAREKA : PARPAREKA > PARPAREK > PERPAREK > PERPEREK (. 25'3/, 2/%3/). 0 ! . - PERPEREK ! PERPER - EK (-K). 3 ARPAR - PA (. ). ( ARPAR ! - ARPA -AR. 1- ARKA-ARKAŠ-ARKAR, . # (!. 88-14-1), ! - ARPA-ARPEŠ-ARPAR. 2. ALTA-ALTAR (!. 88-7-6), ESK(US)- ISKAR. (! ARPAR A-E ( - Ä) -ER: ARPER. % RARPER > PERPER. Ä PA. PIASTI (PEHASTI) (!. 88-20-1). # - + PERPER. - -EK ( -AK), + . þ 4. 6 /3 (Ìåñ ðç) I [Cant. (Bonn), II, 407]. ! . . . [Asdracha, C. Rhodopes, 64, 170, 182]. / . . 6- , , 5<32, 576 [, . , 452]. 2, /3 ! : 1. OPA ( MERA-OPA > MEROPA. 2 ! . 2. ( ! . 6 – 5<32, 576. 0 ! ARPA BARA ‘’ : BARA ARPA > BARA

183 RAPA > BARA ROPA > BAROPA > MAROPA > MEROPA. /3 I. !- , - /4 (C ). , , 3 – 0. Z ARPA ! - : 1. 1 + ARPA . . %. 2. + ARPEŠ. 3. / $ PARPA (PARPAR). 4. 8V–V8 . V88 . - + ROPA (BARA ROPA). 5. ARDA ROPA - ! – 5<32, 576.

-15-2. , , , ,

3 $ - /4 (C ) : 1. 1- , – 6. ( 6/ 0/26 . 6/ - ! , !, $+ - . ARPA ROPA (!. -). 2- 6 -/4 . % $+ 6/ $. ' $ - $ #. 3 6/ 2 , ^ , . . 0/26 [!", . - , 5–11]. 2. - 6/ 6/ ( – - ). (). ( - $ 6/. 3. 8 . . '. 8 . . '. 6/ #$. ( 6 0/26/. 2 (!. -). 4. 6/ - V8–V88 . 2 , !

184 ! V8 . . 5. 6 6 + 36 (ARPI > RAPI > ROPI ARPI > ORPI > ROPI) ARPA > RAPA > ROPA. 2 $ (V88 .) 376-576 ( - -(I)CI); ROPI-ICI > ROPICI > ROPCI > RUPCI. (! V88–8' . 576/ , 3 (C ), < (. ( 36, - # $. 367-3<, - – 5<32. 6. 6 576 !- 2 . 2!, ! - , 576 , . „( 576, $ “ [, . , 462–463]. . 6, . < # , C . , - , % . 6 5<32 + 52 - $ [ , 393]. . 6 $ 1553 . ((), „ (Rupzca planina)“. 2 %, , , - #. 1 ! „$“ [ , 20]. 6 < ( . 5<32 3 . 1 $ 1901 . . '. ^ 576 5<32 !: 1) 576 „$“ 2) „$“ 3) 576-3f16 ! 3 ‘, ’ 4) /3 (. 6) 5) , – „$“ [#!, . , I, 129]. j 2! 576. ( : 1) , . ; 2) , . , 1975 . . ( . , ‘ ’; . vrapa, . vrap, . (w)ropa . ropa ‘’ [0/, IV, 461]. , , - : . $ (); (Z); (%- ), (. ', ); () [$!, . ^- , 209]; , , , % 2

185 [, . 2, 184]. C . 3  ^$ C$, /$, $ „“. 0 6 + - – $ $ ($). $ . 6 - . , , (- , , 2 (1, 2$). ! j#, , %, , %- [!#%, &. !, 100]. 3 ! 2! Z - – . ! . k! < ['(, '. %, 120–143]. 1 2! - 6 2 . / + [!, . ', 243–246]. ! , , , $ 3&/I. - , $ $, 3&/I - ', / ! ! ' 2, 3. $ , . 062316, /%316 [#, . 3+, 73–116, 137–139]. 1 ! + ˜ 3&/I (’Ïñöå ò), $ , 6/. 6 ORFE-US ! ARPA ( - ): ARPA > ORPA > ORFA. P > F (PH) $ . > 3 # 3, 576, 5<32. , - 36f6 ( 6/). 2 3&/I, , . - , ! . ( ) . % ! , , -, . 6 . ( - 6/ – 2 C . 6 3&/I () , 6/ .

-15-3. ,

( k! #, 0 ( 2 ) . 3 (Ropa), . (. ! ( ! . -,

186 ( ! . 3<67/ (Ropczice). , 5<32 . 0/26%6 0/q%6 , 0/26/, 8 . ' ($) ^ (!. . ). 0/26/ - . . 3 0. 6 . 3 -/4 (C ) . ARPA: ARPA > RAPA > ROPA. 6 . 3<67/ 5<32. ARPA. !, # 3 3<67/ 6, !- -/4 (C ) . ( 8 ., , 6/ 0/26/. . %! % !$ 2 - . 0/26%6 0/q%6. 3- # !. 6 3 3<67/ # + ARPA , .

-15-4. )

2 -/4 (C ) ! - 36f6 (Êïñðßëïé). 6 . 2: „ ' ! , - - - . < “ [Strab., VII, fr. 48; 6, 224]. „... / ! # , # , - - “ [Strab., VII, fr. 58; 6, 226]. 2: „ ', ! , , , $, , , , - , “ [Plin. N. h., IV, 11; 6, 265]. : „%$ 1, 7 3 - , - &, 2 , “ [App., IV, 368–373; 6, 330]. : „... / ! : , %, , 2, - (ÊïñðéëéêÞ), ...“ [Ptol., III, 11, 6; 6, 353].

187 2: „3 ', ! , , , ; - “ [Solin., 10, 1–11; 6, 391]. f , C ( 188 . . '. ', - ', /. ' , , . , - # 36f6: „- !- , ... 6 - , (Astii), (Coeni), (Maduateni) (Coreli) ! - “ [Liv., XXXVIII, 40; 6, 154]. 2 Z: 1. 36f6/ - ' ($). 2. ( . /, '. 3. % - . # - & 42 . . '., ! . %- () CZZ! (). ( 36f6/ ' . 4. 2 36f6/ ' 0/16/, ( ') – /16/, – ( - ). 5. 3 , . . 36f6/ 2616/. ( - '. ! , ! 36f6/ ' '. ! .. *kuerp-kuerb(ô) [Detsch. Spr., 232]. 6 KORPILI ! ARPA - KA- (. . ‘, ’; . ): KA-ARPA -ILI: KA-ARPA-ILI > KARPILI > KORPILI. A > O + ROPA. ^ : „! () “. , - 36f6/ , - -/4 (C ). 36f6/ ! 6/. 3 !, '. . /, - I ( Áøéíèïò) – , 2616/. . 261 (- , . 6 ) '-

188 . 2616/ ' V . – # ', , ! [Hdt., VI, 34; IX, 119; 6, 26, 34]. $ 36f6/ -/4 ': ! V - 88 . . '. ( 188 . . '. ! '). 1 36f6/ - $. & 88 (359–336 . . '.) ' ', , !, 36f6/. 8 . . '. 36f6/ $. 2 .

-15-5. *)+

2: „... 1, ! ! 'f/6/, %630/26/, 06f/26/, 06C6/, 2/6/ 3%316/. ', ! 06f/6 (CARBILETI), 63C/6, %5C/6, /1676, '62f6, 0/16, 36f6, 036/6, /%316“ [Plin. N. h., IV, 11, 40–50; 6, 265]. 2 # . 3 + - . 2 - . '/032 ! . 1 : 1. KARBI; 2. LETI. ! ARPA - - KA (. , . ; . , ) P > B: KA-ARP(I) > KARPI > KARBI. ^ ‘! () ’. 2 KORPILI A > O. ( LETI ‘! , $’ (!. . ). 2 $ ‘6-$’. 2 - 6/, (/4) - '/032. 6!, 06f/6/ 36f6/, . , , , .

-15-6. /,

( ( &#) . 3 . 4 (Arpaş). &# – k! . -

189 1223 . – Arpas [DH, 125]. (  Z $$ $ (Căra). ! . 4 . ( # 1453 . . 1/ – wò Àðïàíý [DRH, B, I, 111]. ARPA -AŠ: ARPA-AŠ > ARPAŠ. 2 ARPANI (ARPANE) ARPA -ANI (-ANE). ! ! . (! + – ARPA. – 4 16 (1/), . 1 - (V8–V888 .). - ( ARPA) -ANI. q , . & ARPA-ARPAŠ /4 (/232), . C (!. ).

-16-1. , +, , 0

ARSA ! ! 0 0 ( 2 ). Z , - . ! 1 (1#), $ $ – C , 2 % %. I 1. „( % ... : ( Áñóá)“ [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; 6, 437]. 2. % , - I : „( ... : ( Áñóåíá)“ [ ]. I 3. ( – ($) ( Áñóáæá) [ ]. 1 , , 1 (1#). , - : 1) %; 2) 2; 3) $; 4) ; 5) C. % Z # . 1. 261 2 , 0 . % 261 1 (1#) $ $ 2 %. 2.  6 ( 2 ) . 4, . - # $ %. 3. . 6 , 2 .  C $- ! 2 %.

190 6 (. 0# [Beš. Prok., 24]. 6 ARSA : 1. ARSA ; 2. ARSENA – ARSA -ENA; 3. ARSACA – ARSA -ACA. ! ARSA: 1. RASINA – ARSA -INA: ARS-INA > ARSINA > RASINA. & ARSINA ARSENA ( E-I). 2. RAŠKA – ARSA -KA: ARSA > RASA > RASA-KA > RASKA > RAŠKA. 3 '–'8 . – RAS, RASA (!. 88-16-2). 3. 6 RESAVA ! ARSA -AVA: ARSA > RASA > RESA-AVA > RESAVA. 2 + ARSA. f !, , , . - ! : 1. 2/1 27 . 261 (2), - . 1, ! $ 2 %. (! . 261 $ %. ( ! . 2. % . 4 $ $ %. 2 [ Papaz. Plem., 195]. % . - , 2 . 261, 4 ! ,  (V88 .). /2( ! , - , 1 %. 3 - ( V .) - . 6 ! ! . 6 . . 261 2. ( 2, 2/1 27, ! . ! , – 26. , , !. $ , – . % , , ! .

191 () - 1C (0 ). 2 &. 4 ( 1 - ) ! - – 8 [Papaz. Plem., 172–179]. % . 261 88 , . - ! 26-6f66, 2f(}16, #: 1. , C6/ . 1C (0 ) ! . 2. 26/ , C6 . #. $ (12 ((/1/%2) . 3 26 - , ! - V88 . ( 0 , ARSA: 1. ^6 (26) – Arsia fl. [Plin. N. h., III, 44, 122; Tab. Peut., IV, 2] – . . 4 - 6 [RE, II, 1276 ; Monumenta C, J., I, 46]. ! + ARSA, -: ARSIA > RASIA > RAŠA. 1 - 6 . 2. ^5 (25) – % – „ - (auxilia Arsaciana)“ [Not. Dign. Occ., XXXII, 40; f606, 8, 253]. ( 88 . . '. 26/ Z . 1 ! 1C (0 ). 3 - % . 2 $ 15 . . '. 2 (261) $. 26/ 1C6 , %. 2 ! - ! 2 0 !. - / 2, . #: „... – (; - , +, E y , - ( Áñóé ôáé), , - “ [Ptol., III, 5, 8; Izvoare, I, 538–539]. 2 E Áñóüíéïí, . [Ptol., II, 11, 13], 26/6/ . 26/6/ - 0/26, 0 0, 2036. 1 # $ 26.

192 0 3 (3) . 2/1 (Parsęta), 0- . ! ARSA - - P (. ) ‘! () 2’. ( -ENTA ! : 1) ANTA ‘, ’ A > E; 2) -ETI, . ARSI-ETI -E(N)TA. 2/1 ! PARSI (PARSIETI), 26/6/. 2 231631 (. ) ! $ 26/6/. % . $ (4( (Warszawa) . (. 6 ! , ARSA, - - VA (. , ) -AWA. (! VARSI ‘! (, ) () 2’. VA-ARSA > VARSI ; VARSA-AVA > VARSAVA > VARŠAVA. (26/ 26- 26/6, $ . 2 (261). ARSA (ARSA), RASA (RAŠA) - # , 26-26/6, 8–V8 . (! V88 ., Z 0 %, Z 26-26/6.

-16-2. , /

( V88 . ! , 2306/ (!. . ). ( . #, 6, + ! $ . (!- . . 1 . # . C 2 (‘ÑÜóïò) 0, - $. . %, 2 ! . 0- , ( ' .) [!!7, &. 2, 38]. 2 # - 3 . (- $ 0 $ 0 (864 .). 1130 . . 2. '88 . RASCI, RASCIANI, - 76 (Racz, . . Ráczok). '88–'888 . # ! : 1. Sclavonia; 2. Serbia; 3. Rassa, Rasia, Rassia, Rascia, Raxia, Rassiani, Rasciani, Raxiani. ( 6 / (1308 .) ! 26 (RASIA) [Anon. Descr. Ed. O. Gorka, 29]. ( '888 . „# ƒ“ „ƒ Ö" #"" "“ (1234 .) [!!7, &. 2, 41–43].

13 , 8 () 193 # # +, 4 ( + 2), (V88 .). # $ ! () 4 !. 2- ! : 1. 2 60 - . ! 26 V88 ., # - $ 2306. (! 26 # 60 2-261. , (ARSA > RAS(A) > RAS(A)- KA > RASKA > RAŠKA), !. 2. 2 # 6 (. #), 26/-26/6. (! Z , 2306/. 26-26/6 – 2-261, # - . 2 $ 60, 2, 4. ! () ! – 26, 2616, 46, 46, 416. - : 0 – , , $, ; – . (1628 .), . 6+, [DRH, B, XXII, 80]; Rasova (%!), . # (Raca), , . # (Racani); C$ – # (‘ÑÜóïâïí), %, ‘ÑÜóïâéóôá [Vasmer, M. Griech., 49, 228]. ( 26-(/1/%6, .

-16-3.

%26 (Äñáóßìáñêá) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; 6, 438] . (. 0 - . 1#, ! 1# ). 1 - – Drausus-Drusus [Detsch. Spr., 156 ; Beš. Prok., 24, 112]. 6 : 1. DRASI ; 2. MARKA. DRASI ! ARSA - DA (. ) : DA- ARSA > DARSA > DARSI. ^: ‘! () 2’. 3 - 2 (261), 2 - . ( MARKA + - MARGA (MARGUS) – , G > K. (2 ) (. ( ), - 1C (0 ). 3 . C. 2 DRASIMARKA : 1) DARSI, 26/, 2 (261); 2) MARKA (MARGA), 261. 6

194 DARSI > DRASI – DRASIMARKA. DRAS (DRAŠ)- DRES 2 . / !, . 0, %/21(/)6 (ÄñåóíåÞê). ( . (), Z! . 261, - . DRSINK.

-17-1. +, +, +

( 6 $ ' . 1/2, ! . „ - [6] , 1 E ( ÁñôÜíçò)“ [Hdt., IV, 48–49; 6, 19]. 2 (Z) . . }, . 1 ! ! . 0 2 (1) (!. . ) . $. 2 1/2 ' 2 (6) -0 (). , $ ! . ( 1/2 } 0, (3). 3 , ' , 1/2 306^6/. 3 306^6/ – ! ! 3 . ( } ! }, . . 3 (. 2 ' ( ) 1/2 Z (}). 1/2 – 6/. 2 % , f$ 29–28 . . '. , , : „ - # , , - - E , , ( ÁñôÜêéïé), - , , ! - - , # - , , , “ [Dio Cass., LI, 23, 2–27; Izvoare, I, 676–677; 6, 373–374]. . f. 0216/ %. 2 %62 ^62/2 ( !. ). %. 3 6/ (66), . f. !, ! . %!. . 1/2 - ! !.

195 2 2+ ( 6/ E ( Áñôáêïß) [St. Byz., 127, 4–23]. 3 6/ + : 1. ( V ., 0/3/ (2 ^), & (Flavius Moco), (Artacia) [Beš. Spätgr., No 192]. 6 . 3 & ! 6/, 6}. 2. ( & () ' , E 6} ( ÁñôÜêéá), 6-/ [IGB, III, 1, No 980]. % $ - 6/, . 2 ! ! 6/ . 1/2. % - . 6 ARTA. -AN. + ARTANI. ARTAKI (ARTAKII) + -AKI. 2 6}, 6, . 1/2. 3 . : 1) . Z (}); 2) . %!; 3) 0 &. ( ! : < f - ( f), . . . . . } . < f. ! ! . 1/2. < f - , 0 f – , f ( 0 < f) ! ! . 1/2 '- . ( Z < f (- ( C ), . . 306^6/. - , Z ', < f 306^6/. ! ', . 1/2 306^6/. C$ 6/ - : 1. 3 ! 6 0 f, . . 2!$, . C, 2. 2. Z 6/ . C.

196 3. 1 $ 306^6/ ! - < f (, 0 f. 4. ^ ! <- f (1/2) 0 f. $ 6/ - . . . 6 ! ARTA. C . (6616} (2 ). ! $ 6^6}: E 1. 1/2 ( ÁñôÜíçò) – , < E 2. 1/ ( ÁñôÜíç, Artane) – E 3. / ( ÁñôÜêç, Artace) – . 4. / E 5. 616} ( Áñôõíßá) – . , Z . [Detsch. Spr., 29]. + ( ARTA -AN(E), -UN, -AK) 6/ '. - ! – 6. 0 6} 6^6/. ( . . , – $ ! (. - : 6^6/ 2- ! 6. 3 . 2 %, (88 .), - /1266/: „3 % - , : , (‘ÑáôáêÞíóéïé) , +, ...“ [Ptol., III, 8, 3; Izvoare, I, 542–543]. ! . $ /1266/ (6/ () 056%- (/1266/, . . . - : . k (. ), ( ) – 3 . 3, 0 (. . 2 . 3, . () (!. . ). 2 /1266/ . k! , ! 3 (C ). . '„60< (. Hârtibaci), 3. 2 ! , HARTI ! ARTA. 6 RATAKENSII RATAK(I) -ENSII, . ! ( ) -

197 . ( RATAK(I) + ARTAKI ( ): ARTAKI > RATAKI > RATAK-ENSII. % % . . 8 . . '., . . ( 106 .), – 88 ., $ % ( ). 2 6/-/1266 . . ' % ! 8 . . '. - – . (15 . . '.) $ . , . f. , 6/ 29–28 . . '. 1 6} 6/ ! 29 . . '. 15 . . '. 3 . k! , - '. – 6 – ! $ % 106 . -# 6/ . . 2 % – 6 66: „... C , - - , % (’ÁäñáâáéêÜìðïé ); ' , ! f, ! – %, ! - (‘Ñ áê áôñßáé ) (‘Ñ áê Üôáé ) ( )“ [Ptol., III, 11, 11; Izvoare, I, 535]. 1 6 66 . ! !, , ! . (! RAKATRII . . áéáé, ñ. C () f ! . - ! 66 6 ! - . k 2, ! - $ C. 2 C % – - Z!. 1 , 6/ . . 6 – RAKATI – ! ! + RATAKI. – 66. !, + RATAKI 6-/1266. ( ! !, , . , - 6 % ! 2 %. 106 . % .

198 % %066. ^ # !, Z $ (}), 1(/2), . < f (!. 88-22-2). ARTA > RATA ! ! . „ ‘ , ’. ( +: „-„ ( ). 1 0: 1. „$ – „ (); 2. „; 3. 1 ; 4. ( > ) ‘ ’; 5. ; 6. ‘ ’; 7. ( > ). % [&!(#, ). 0, 57, 127–128, 149]. 2 . % ( ) . ARTA > RATA ! - : 1. , k! 0; 2. 3( (Rotava) < ARTA -AVA: ARTA-AVA > ARTAVA > RATAVA > ROTAVA. (. ðàòú ‘, !’) 5# 'V–'V888 .: , Ö – $ [DRH, B, XI]; , Ö [DRH, B, XXIV]; Ö, [DRH, B, IV]; [DRH, B, V].

-17-2. +, 0+

1 - ARTA , , . 0 - # 6} 6 '. % - , ARTA, ! Z ! !. # + ! . C / - ( ) ! . / ! ! ARTA ‘, , ’. 5 : 6, - $ ', . /, . 6 , ! () . ( 0 . $  %167 (Rednitz), /C167 (Pegnitz), 0%167 (Badnitz) /^ , V888 . „terra Sclavorum, regio Sclavorum“, # – moin-vinidi Ratanz- vinidi [Nied. Sl. st., III, 83; Man., I, 135]. ( „ “ VENDI-VINIDI - !. / RATANZ-VINIDI, . . 176. 1 RATANCI ! ARTA !

199 -ANCI, -ANI -(A)CI : ARTA-ANCI > ARTANCI > RATANCI. ( ( #) 3 (3). 1 ! ARTA - VA (. , ): VA-ARTA > VARTA. ^: ‘ (, ) () „’. + VARTI, .

-18-1. +, +

< % 2 0. (  , ! 766}. ( +: 1. Ulp(iae) Ratiar(iae) ex Moesia Superior [CIL, III, 7429, 9] 2. Retiaria [CIL, VIII, 2871] § 3. ‘Ñáôéáñßá Ìõó í êïëùíßá [Ptol., III, 9, 3] 4. ‘Ñáæáñßá [Hierocl., 655, 2] 5. [It. Ant., 219, 3; Not. Dign., XLII, 38] 6. Ratiaris [Tab. Peut., VII, 5 ; Geogr. Rav., IV, 7] 7. Retiariae [Cod. Iust., 4, 33, 3, 6] 8. ‘Ñáôçñßáí [Theoph. Sim., 1, 8, 10; Beš. Prok., 119]. 6 . 2 (. # - . ratiarius ‘!’ ratiaria ‘’ [Tom. Thr., II, 2, 69]. % , . < (<67) + 766}. % + ad – a(d) Ratiaria(m) [0/, 8]. 2 + - . 2, + ARTA -AR (!. . 2). $ -AR (62, f). 2 ARTAR(). – ARTARI. . . $ „ “. 6 ! + . , : ARTAR() > RATAR(A). , $ (15 . . '.) + % %. ^ + – ratis ‘’, rataria ‘ ’. 6!, + RATAR() . + RATIARIA . %# + ARČAR ! , + ARTAR.

200 T > Č. ( $, , T > C (. . $). T > C, T > Č ! , , . . $, . , . ; . " – , " – . - : ( ARTAR + - ARTARI, ( ) 6^6/. $ ARTAR . 29–28 . . '. . f. . 2 ! 6^6/. ( ! . 15 . . '. , , . 6/, $ 6^6}. $ -766} - ( 888 .) $ ! %. < - ! 29 . . '. 15 . . '. %. 2 6 /. - 6 (%6) . %3C32 (Riedigost), /. 6 RATARA. 6/ fZ- Z /. ( ' . + : RIADRI, REDERI, RIEDERE, RIDERA, RADIUR, RADWER, RIADRERI, REDARI, REDARII, REDARES, RIADURI, REDERARI, RETHARII, RETHERI, pagus RIEDIRUN. C RETRA, RETHRA ( RIEDEGOST). ( - PETRA REDEGAST (RADIGAST) [Nied. Sl. st., III, 138–139]. 0 (RETHARII, RETHERI) (RETRA, RETHRA) , ! (RADUIR, RADWER), ! - + – RATARI. Ä Ä > E, T – T > D; RATARI > RETARI > REDARI > REDERI > RIDERI. ( AR-RA , : RETAR(A) > RETRA. -/ 766} – . ‡ 2, 7 +, -. 2 - , rat ‘’ -ar: *ratar ‘, ’ (6. - +). 6 / . ( 2 / $ 6^6. % -

201 – f (f3), /. %f/6176/-Cf3<6 (!. ). 2 6/ Z %: 1. C 6 2, Z! 2. % [TIR, L-34, 95]. 2. 676, #, k! [$!, . ^- , 209].

-18-2. 0+, +:

( % &/6}: „1- % ... & (Öñáôåñßá) 49º30´– 44º30´...“ Ptol., III, 8, 4; Izvoare, I, 546–547]. 2 &/6} - 61 (49º–44º45´) 5631 (50º–44º45´), &/6}. 6 . 3. ! 5631 – . j (!. ). &/6} Z! 3, . . (<) (766}). . k 8 $ %- , 2/f3(/ (ÊáóôåëëïâñÝôáñá) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; 6, 437]. (! 0/. 3 . &/6}, , ! . 1 ! ARTAR - -VA, . , : VA-ARTAR > VARTAR > VRATAR(I) > VRATER(I) > FRATERI(A). ! - – VRATARI ‘! (, ) () ’. 2 ! %: VA-ARTAR(A) > VARTAR(A) > VRATAR(A) > VRETARA. $ . ( < . . (67. - VARTARI-VRATARI, (<). - - # 6-6. 6/ 8 . C (6-(6 - %. - ( – - + – FRATERIA. ( - . - - – 106 . % ! - (6 . 3 270–275 ., $ Z %. 202 $ ! % 2 %, %. ( C 1/6}16: „ , ! - , (Íåñôéñåáíïß), , ! “ [Ptol., II, 11, 11; Izvoare, I, 534–535]. 1/6}16/ ! 2 / 2 . 0 Z - $ 2 /, ! /. . ! ARTAR, - NA (. ) -ANI: NA-ARTAR(E)-ANI > NARTAR(E)ANI > NARTER(E)ANI > NERTER(E)ANI > NERTIR(E)ANI. ^: ‘! (, ) () ’. ( 1/6}16/ $ 2 % / – 6^6 (6216, 641616), 6, f6 (%f/6176-Cf3<6). (! 1/6}16/ 6/. ! 8–88 . % % $ . 1/6}16/ - /, , - .

-19-1. &, &, &

32„ % – ( }. 3-  $ 0 < 3 7 2 ( ). 32„ % . 3. 2: „... /, '- – 5, (Asamus), I“ [Plin. N. h., III, 26, 149; 6, 267]. - – 552 (() I//52 (}). ( . . ) + : 1. Ansamo [Not. Dign. Occ., 40, 19]; 2. Anasamo [Tab. Peut., VIII, 1]; 3. Ansamon [Geogr. ™ I Rav., 189, 14]; 4. ’Áóçìï ò [Prisc. Exc. de legat. (de Boor), p. 577]; ’Áóçìá, Áóç- ìïò [Theoph. Sim., VIII, 6]. I ( + Ïóìïò [Detsch. Spr., 31]. ( 3 : 1. 2 3 C – . . C, , Z! . f 2. 2 3 – . $. 1 + ! ASAMA : ASAMA > ASMA > OSMA ASAMA > ASAM > OSAM > OSÂM.

203 6 : 1. ASEMA ( I + ASAMA A > E). 2 (. C + Áóçìïò T óçìïò ‘’ [!, 0#. . ., 32]. 2. ANSAMO (ANASAMO) – ! - : 1) ; 2) - NA, (A)NA (. ). ^: ‘ 2’, . . , . 2. / *asm’, *ak’(a)mon ‘’ (. asman). ! . Asamus %$, ‘ ’. Lapida . lapis, -idis ‘’ [- !, 0#. . ., 32]. ( 2 < 21, 21, 3231, . ( $, ASAMA-ASMA , - , . ( 2 , 2, 32„ [<, . 1- , 182]. 1 1686 . $ – „Osmus sive Sladritz“. ! $ 2 [Beševliev, B. Orographie, 160]. Osmus - 2 – 3. ( ! ! . 2f61, ! , 2. 3 - – 2f167, Sladritz. 6 ASAMUS %$ ! ! , . ASAMA-ASMA (3) % #- - . 6! - : 1. 1- + ASAMA 2. - ASAM ASMA 3. – OSAM (OSAM) OSMA. 1- , , ASAMI (ASMI) ( ). (. - ANSAMENSII [CIL, III, 7633; Părvan, V. Getica, 275]. + ! () , ( ) ANSAM(US). 1$ 252 (32„). % SAMUS (23/4) %. ( - Z! $ 2. ! 60f6 C/6. ( 26/ $ $, - ! .

204 . , 3, . $ (3 ) . f$, . 1900 . + . / + ÊÏÔÕÏÓ ÅÃÃÉÓÔÙÍ, ! „(!) (!) C“. 1 8V . [/%, 9] 1- – $ 8 (383–359 . . '.). 1 , . ((), (($), . 0 () $ !" (). 2, . , - 8V . . '. – ($) 26/. 3 - 26/ ! $ 8. , +$ 26/ ($) 60f233 ( ($), +$ -1Cf6 (!") 6- /1606 (0). 3 $ 8 ! Z, ! # $ . '- 2 $ . ^ - Z$, ! # - ! ' 6. 2 - . . f$ , ! $ – + !. $ Z!. 1 - $ , . 1 8V . . '. [0!, . f$]. ( . (, f$, 1924 . , 12 12,425 . + , , , . 2 , . 3 . - ! 'V88–'V8 '8–' . . '. [&!, 0. ^; Venedikov, I. Vulchitrun]. ! 226} . 2233 ! ! ! ('88–' . . '.) (8 . . '.). 2 f$, ( ( . - 26/. - ! . 2 (3) - .

205 26/ , ! – . (! 26f (445–424), - 3 $ , 26/ - . 26f , , , ! # . 8V . . '. $ 8 (383–359 . . '.) ' . Z # # - . ! - $ 26/, . . 8V . . '. 26/ - & 88 888 . % . 2 280–279 . 26/ 29–28 . . '. . f. , ! . % , - , (), , . 2 15 . . '. $ - 26/. ! 26 % 8 . (!. . +). 1 ! 21, 21, 3231 2 < ! 26 (26)-!$. - ASAMA-ASMA, : ASAMA > ASMA > OSMA.

-19-2. &, &

, ASAMA-ASMA, # . 1. 1 ! ($ 1, . . ! $ %2616: Praesidio Dasmini [Tab. Peut., VII, 3]; 2. Dasmiani [Geogr. Rav., IV, 7] ; Äïýóìáíåò [Proc. De aed., IV, 4 ; TIR, K-34, 39]. – DASMINI, DASMIANI, DUSMANI, ! ! ASMA, - DA (. ) -INI, -(I)ANI : 1. DA-ASMA-INI > DASMINI ; 2. DA-ASMI-ANI > DASMIANI ; 3. DA-ASMA-NI > DASMANI > DOSMANI > DUSMANI. ^!- ( ) – A > O > U. ASMA-3SMA. ^ ‘!- (?) 2’. ! !, 88– 888 . $, ASAMA-ASMA (3). 2. 2 . 3 . 3 , 5467 (Êóøìèöà) – 1545 . [DRH, B, IV, 175]. 6 ! ASMA, - KA (. 206 . ; . , ) -ICA: KA-ASMA-ICA > KASMICA > KAŠMICA > KOŠMICA > KUŠMICA KASMA > KOSMA-ICA > KOSMICA > KOSMICA > KUŠMICA. ! ( 26-26) – 26, 216, % 8 . . '.

-20. , ,

ASKA SKA ( ) , ' ($), . , ASKA, : 1. 5 (Uscudama) – (!) () '. 2 – - $ ' 888 .: 1. $: „... - – ', - 5 (Uscudama)“ [Amm. Marc., XIV, 11, 15; XXVII, 4, 12; f606, 8, 118, 152]; 2. 2 / 5 [Eutrop., VI, 10]. I - , 5 [Iord. Rom., 221]. 2 : 1) USKU – ASKA: ASKA > OSKA > OSKO > USKO > USKU. ! I / (6) – 3 ( Ïóêéïò) [Plin. N. h., III, 145] Uscus [Iord. Get., 100, 102]; 2) DAMA – , ‘, ’. 2 - – . k . 2. $ () – ’Áóãßæïõò – $ ' [Proc. De aed., IV, 11 ; 6, 447]. 6 ASKA -ICA (- ICI) : ASKA-ICA > ASKICA > ASGICI. ! . 2, $ $ '. 6 (!) -ICI < -IKI) – ASGICI (< ASKICI). I 3. ( Áóãáñæïò) – $ ' [Proc. De aed., IV, 11 ; 6, 447]. 6 : ASGA-ARZA > ASGARZA. 1) ASGA ASKA K > G; 2) ARZA (’Áñæïò) ! !- . ^ (. 2, $) I ™ v : 1) . ( Áñæïõ ðïôáìï ) [Ptol., III, 11, 4] ; 2) ’Áñæ [Passio S. Alex., BIAB, VIII, 155, 153]; : 1) ’Áñæïò [Ptol., III, 11, 7] ; 2) Arzum [Tab. Peut., VIII, I 2] ; 3) Arso [It. Ant., 136, 7]; 4) mansio ARZO [It. Burdig., 568, 9]; 5) Áñæïí [Proc. De aed., IV, 11]. . . 2. 2 . ^ (2). + 2^. ^ (2) ! 2. f  $ -

207 . 1- . 2$, . 3 3. 6  2 (^), . 3, ! 2C^ (2^). ^ ( . . ). ^31 (^) $ . C$ ! $ ' ! - (!) ^ (2), 2. - , 2C676 2C^ '- , ^ – . 1$ : 1. % 2C676 (2676) 2C^ (2^) , ! ASKA. 2. ( (2^) - . 2$ . ^ (2). : 1. - 2C676 (2676) ! . 2$. - – . 3 '. 2. ^ . . 2$ ! !, - ’ ’  2. 2 . 2I (Óêáé ò ðïôáì ò) [Strab., XIII, 1, 21]. Z (!. -). 6 . 1 – 2^, ! . ^  2. 3 - ! . 2 (2$) ! - – (#. 2 #. - ! ! 2. 5 (2%), ! , ASKA, Z! ! 2, 2, 2$. 4. ! (231 (! 0231), $ – ÂÜóêïí [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; 6, 447]. 6 ASKA - - VA (. , ): VA-ASKA > VASKA > VASK(ON). ^: ‘ () 2’. ( . % $ ', . ^ (2)  2. 5. 2 ! 6 2- !, . . , Z . $ 2 6 , ! – 2!. 2 , ! $ (') ! (). ^ 2 ‘, # ’ [&!, 0. 6, 244], $. k! 0 – : 1) 2 – . 2, ; 2) 2 – . 2$, 2; 3) 2 – 208 . f, 2; 4) 2%j – - , . < (), [#!, . , 88, 321, 327]; 5) 2// – - ; 6) C 2 – ; 7) 2-06 – 0!, 2 %!. % sakar ‘, ’, ! . 3 , +, 2 , - ASKA SKA. ( - 2 2$ ! . 2 , , - + – AS > SA . ( - , !, ASKA > SAKA. 26036 (Óêáéâüáé) – 25036/ 26- 036 (Óõêáâüáé) (!. -). ( SAKAR ASKA - -AR: ASKA-AR > ASKAR > SAKAR. 2 2, . ASKAR > SAKAR (8–V .). 2 ASKA -AR ASKA-ESKA-ISKA-ISKAR. $ -AR. 6 , -AR ASTA (ASTAR) 2! (!. 88-21-1). ( Z SKA ASKA ( ). 1. ( 26-26036. 2 '- s (V8 . . '.) 2+ (: „2 (Óêá ïé): ! '“ [FGH, I, fr. 182]. 2: „6 $ . 1: s ’ ’ 2 (Óêá ïé), 2 (Óêáé ò), 2 (Óêáé í) 2 s (Óêáéá ðýëáé)“ [Strab., XIII, 1, 21; 6, 227]. (88 .): „ . (! , , !$ '. j$ ! ! “ [Polyaen., VII, 22; 6, 347]. 6 : Óêáéâoáé, Óõêáâoáé. ( ' 2 , 26 . ! , ! SKA (!. - ). 3 ! - : 26036 (Óêáéâüáé) 25036 (Óõêáâüáé). (SKAI) (A)BO. !

14 , 8 () 209 ABA APA ‘, ’. 2 SKA-ABA (SKA-APA). ^ „ 2“ 2, !- . SKA-ABA (SKA-APA) ! ! ASKA (2$). ( 26036/ ', 2 (2). ! ' - ^  2- 525% (2%) !. ! /0/16/ . ' 525% ( ) 620-/C6132, . /. 2 - : „6 , -; ! “ [Strab., XIII, 1, 21; 6, 227]. 26036 /0/16 $ , $-!$ . SUKABOI + ASKA-SAKA – , ASKAR > SAKAR. 2. % , ! ! - 26/-26036, . 206} (Scambria). 1 ( . . ') + [Spiridonov, T. Medieval, 471]. ( : 1. SCANOBRIA – ! Harmanli Andrianopoli (. 0!'. 5 , 1688 .) ; 2. SCAMBRIA (%!. ); SCAMBRIA (C. f, 1720–1730) [), ). , 24, 25, 26, 36]. 206} $ 26/- 2036. 2 ', 2 (2), . 2. 6 SCA, ASKA, (M)BRIA, ‘, !’. . C - ! ! ', () 5- (3), / 0. ! !, 26/-2036. 3. ( ! ! – 2632f5 (Óêáñéùôáóáëïýêñá) [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; 6, 446]. $ ! $ ', . 2 (2-). ( : 1) 263; 2) 2f5. 3 SKAR(I) SKA -AR. ASKAR. & SKAR - . 1. 26 (Óêáñßðáñá) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; 6, 348] – . (/ %.

210 2. 26 (ÓêÜñåò) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4, 1–3; 6, 437] – - , . 1 (1#). , ! ASKA-SKA, 2 ( (). 2: 1. 2 . 2. 2 (ÓêÜìáíäñïò) – , . . 0 – 21. 1 : 1) SKAMA; 2) ANDROS. ^ ! ! – SKA -AMA. APA ‘, ’. 3. / 216} (Ascania) (, . 1. 6 ! ASKA -AN(I). 6!, s 26 . 6 $ 2I (Óêá ïò) [Detsch. Spr., 454]. 26/-26 ! - : 1. 1- 26/ . 2 (2$) 2. ! . 2, '/032 ( ) - . $ 2 – 2^ 2676. 2. - – 26, 26036. 26/-26 ! 0/066/. (! !$-$. 26-26 /0/16 Z . (. 3. V . . '. 26/ Z 3 $. 4. ( 8V . . '. $ & 88 (359–336 . . '.) ' , 06f/, . . }. 5. 8V–8 . . '. 26/ ' – 206} 525% (2%). - $. ! , ', . . . ( # - $ 8V . . '. () [!#, *. , 1–116]. % , $ ! 2I26/ . 2 , ! $ . 3261C – . 6. ^ 26/ $ f 72–71 . . '. ^ I : „3 f Z , , , $, 5, “ [Iord. Rom., 219–222;

211 6, 427]. 6!, 5 26/, $ . 7. 46 . . '. 3 () $ $ . ( 26/. 2 $ ' 888 . $ Z $. 1 26/ – 525%. 2 .

-21-1. +, +, + E 26 ( Áóôáß, Astae, Astii, Astici) Z ! ( ) (< ), - 0 (0+) . ( 88–8 . . '.): „0 , &; 2, , , . 2 - y E y , - (ô ò Áóôéê ò ÈñÜêçò); “ [Ps. Scymn., 724–730; 6, 144]. 188 . . '. , C (, ' ' . ! (. 6) ' ($) : „6 , , (Astii), (Coeni), (Maduateni) (Coreli) ! “ [Liv., XXXIII, 40; 6, 154]. 2: „ ; , , & 2. , , ! $ ; ! . , , , , ! . - “ [Strab., VII, 6, 1; 6, 216]. „6 (. 2 , - ! , - # 6 . 1 ( ! - E ( Áóôáß), ; &, , - “ [Strab., VII, 6, 2; 6, 217]. „2$ 0“ [Strab., VII, fr. 48; 6, 224]. 2: „( (Anthium), . : , k, , 3; : , ', % , % , &, 0+ [...] 1 0, $,

212 $ ...“ [Plin. N. h., IV, 11, 40– 50; 6, 266]. : „... E ( ÁóôéêÞ)“ [Ptol., III, 11, 6; 6, 353]. I: „ # , -! . ! , $ $ (Astici)“ [Iord. Rom., 219–222; 6, 427]. 2 26/ - : 1. O2O%6^5 (Ostudizo, Ostidizo, Ostodizo) [It. Ant., 137, 4; 230, 9; f606, I, 29, 33, 35]. 8V . 1 (Nicae) [It. Burd., 569, 1; N r f606, I, 41]. ( Ìéêñ Í êáéá (1$) – . '+, Z! 3, ! / $. 6 : 1. OSTU (OSTO, OSTI); 2. DIZA. ASTA. DIZA (), ! ', , Z- 26. 1. ASTA-DIZA > ASTIDIZA > OSTIDIZA; 2. ASTA-DIZA > ASTODIZA > OSTODIZA; 3. OSTODIZA > OSTUDIZA. + ASTADIZA ASTIDIZA. ^: ‘ 26/’. 2. 32&. . : „(# : ... 3+ I ( Ïó-ôáöïò)...“ [Ptol., III, 11, 7; 6, 353]. ! , ! , - 26. 6 ASTA A > O ( 323%6^5 32). ( ! $ P > F. OSTAP(A), APA ‘, ’. ( 26/, - 26 26, ! : 3 0 () - (2). 3 $ % (!) 06f/ ( 2). 2 Z 26%6^ (3- ). / (/), . 3 $ - # 06^1631 Z! 0. - 06^ ( (, . (), Z 2f6%/232 /. ! !, 26/ - 2!. 3 !  , - 0+. 1- - %. 2! (88–888 .)

213 2/I2 (Asticus mons) [Tab. Peut., VIII, 5], . . 26/. P ( C ! 26 $ óôïß ‘!- T T , !’; 26 – óôéêç ‘’ – óôõ [!, 0. . ., 67]. 2, 26 ASTA ‘, - ’, ! 0. + - $ : ASTA > ĂSTA > OSTA > USTA. - 2%6^-323%6^5, A > O $ 88– 888 . $ : . , . ¹ñòà, . , . usta, ., . , . ¹ñòà, . usta, . usta, . usta, . wusta, . husta [%, &. Š2}, 8V, 146]. (! , U, $ - V (, , !#). - $: as-, ãsan, ãsyam ‘’; aosta ‘’; austo ‘’. + ASTA. 1 , < , ASTA ‘, ’ . 2 ! V888–V88 . . '. < . 2 „“ $ ! < 2 . ( - < [Strab., I, 3, 2; 4]. (0 ') „“ . 2 (. óôoìá; . ostium) ! : 1. : „3 - X , , 0 (Èñ êïò Âoóðïñïò)...“ [Ptol., III, 11, 3; 6, 352]. 2. : „2! , - “ [Pind., IV, 203–206; 6, 16]. 3. : „0 , &...“ [Ps. Scymn., 728; 6, 144]. 4. 2: „ ...“ [Strab., VII, 6, 1; 6, 216]. „6 (. 2 , ...“ [Strab., VII, 6, 2; 6, 217]. „... 0. (, # “ [Strab., II, 5, 3; 6, 208]. 5. 2: „3 6 - ...“ [Plin. N. h., IV, 11, 40–50; 6, 266]. 3 - ' „5“ (Óôïìéáíïò) – - , < 0+. 1 0- + [Mih. IGB, I, 402]. 1 , - + ', . 2

214 : „2! , . , , - “ [Pind., IV, 203–206; 6, 16]. 3 +$ ! $ . 3 , . . 26/. ' – „5“ – +$ – . f , „“, . 3 - ! - 0+ – 2 C – - ', + . ASTA # - . 26, 626, 2 (!. -), ! : 1. 32 (ÊïÜóôá) – ( [Acta SS Maii, 4, 320; Detsch. Spr., 248]. 6 ASTA - -KA (> KO) (. . ; . , ): KO-ASTA > KOASTA. ^: ‘() 2’, . . . 2. 2/232 (Óåóôoò, Sestos) – '- , - ' (%). ! - . 06%32 . 2: „2 , # # “ [Scyl., 67; 6, 119]. : „... 2 , ! ...“ [Ps. Scymn., 680; 6, 144]. 2: „ 2, , 2“ [Strab., VII, fr. 56; 6, 225]. ! „ “ - . ASTA - SA (. , ): SA-ASTA > SASTA > SESTA, $ + SESTOS. ^: ‘() 2’, . . . ! ! . C 3- 6 [Hom. Il., 836]. ( V88 . - $ - f. 480 . 2- , . 3. ( 0+ '/26} [Polyb., IV, 39 ; 6, 136]. (!- $ + ASTA $ . 1 ASTA ! – 26. 2 $ + 26 E ( Áóôéêç). 3 Asticus mons – / / . -

215 ! ! + ASKA 26/. ASKA -AR (ASKAR), – ASKAR (> SAKAR). ^ ASTA -AR ASTAR. 2 # (Asticus mons, . 2- !). 1 + ASTAR - $, , ! # - – 21%j. $ + 2167 – -ICA -DŽA (CA), ČA (ÇA). C. ! . 21, 211, 21167 (- ) [, . 2!, 7]. : 1. 1 + ASTAR (ASTRA – -AR > -RA) -NA : ASTARNA-ASTRANA 2. 6 A – ASTRANA>STRANA 3. % -ICA : STRANICA 4. $ + -DŽA (-CA) : STRANDŽA (. İstranca). 3 Z. 1 + ASTAR – - . ( ASTRANA-STRANA (V88–V888 .), STRANICA – (8'–'8V .), # STRANDŽA 'V–'V8 . ( $ - ASTA ASTAR ! . 2 $ $ (V88 . . '.) $ 0323, X 6I26 0323 (Èñ êïò Âoóðïñïò), - $. ( ! 26/ - ! : 1. 26 2 (2), . 0+. . . %/f ( %/f). (05^6, 626) (!. -), 26/. 2. < 26/ - E E . % . 2 ( Áóôáêoò, Astacum, Ïóôáêoò). ! , Z! ', - $ (. 2 () 2 + 3. 26/ , - 1 (. 6).

216 E ( 32 ( Ïóôáêoò) A > O, 323%6^5. f & - – %. % ! $ óôáêïò ‘ ’. &- ASTAK ASTA -AK. - ASTAKI. 3. 26/ (. %/f) Z ! / – ! <- 2 . $, ! , $ $ $ V88 . . '. $ ! 26/ $ – , 2- , , 0, 2. - 26/ -# 2 (2!). $ 06^. 4. V . . '. 26/ Z 3 $. ( V 8V . 2 8 (424–407), 8 (407–386) 8 (383–359) Z, - $ '. 5. 3 8V . . '., - $ & 88, #, 3 $ . - # . 06f/ 2%6^ (3- ) ! # . 0 - # . . ( 26/ - . 1 ! # - $ . 6. 188 . . '. 26/ - C (. 72– 71 . . '. $ f - Z , , 26/, $ 5. 3 26/, . 7. ( 8 . . '. 3 () $ - # . ! 46 ., $ - . 1 $ Z 26/. 2 + 888 8V . 26/ ! $ '- /. 8. 2 + $ - E AST(A) . Áóôé-êoóçò, Äéæ-Üóôçò [Detsch. Spr., 32].

217 -21-2. +

2 $ Z! ' 8 . . '. , ( ) ! ! . $ $ 46 . - , . . 26/. f !, ! . ( 0/26 26/. ( % - 261C6/ – . 88 . $ $ %. . (161–180 . . '.) ! 2 % % – . . - . 2 , , I 261C6/. % : „ ( Áóôéããïé) O (‘Ñ ïò) (‘ÑÜðôïò) # % !, - $ Z . ! , ! $, § þ ! (ô í Êïóôïõâ êùí). 2 , % . f , - # , , . , Z . - , , Z . [Dio Cass., LXXI, 12, 1–3; Izvoare, I, 700–701]. 2. - % 170–172 . 261C6/ , 40- 50- - 888 . $ . I 3 – # : „1 , 3 % # . ^ , & %$... (3- – . .) , $, + 261C6 (Astringis), 6 – , ! # “ [Iord. Get., 90–92; f606, 8, 340]. C36 /(616 - . - 3 C $. - , . #-

218 251 . . %$. 3, 251 . 2 % (270–275 .), . ( (306–337) ! . I: „j ! - , (C, – . .) (, , (qui Asdingorum stirpe), - . 2 - % 3 # # , . , ! , , , C C, . , , , Z 6, %. % - , C, , - , ! , (, , . C, , - , , . - , , ! , ! !, , - 60 - ! !- $“ [Iord. Get., 113–115; Izvoare, II, 424–427]. % I - Z 261C6/ [!. Schmidt, L. Wand., 7–9]. 1. 170 . 261C6/, , - % 2. . $. % , !, ! 261C6/ 323036/. - $ $ % - ! (!. . ). ( !, , - 323036/ Z, . % 2 C$. 261C6/, Z 323036/, # $ %. f61C6/. , - 2. . . ( % 261C6/ (1%f23 . 2. I – - (1%f6/ ! (6^6, C. 2 I ( 8V .) (1%f6/ -

219 %. - C/6%6/. 1 (1%f6/ (#), , C C (#), . . ^ . 3. I 261C6/ (261C6) +, , , 3 40- 888 . . I %- , (1%f6/ # 3 (0 - !). 2 261C6/ (1%f6/ ! . (1%f2 + ! 2 , . . , - (16-(1%6 ((/1/%6) (!. ). (1%f26/ + (16-(1%6 - 8–88 . 170 . (1%f6/ 261C6/ % 2 %. ( + 261C6/ (/1/%26/ (. #) 8–88 . 6 261C6/ ('2%61C6) ! Hazdiggos ‘! ! , ’. , $ [Iord. Get., 22; Schmidt, L. Wand., 5]. - 26, 26-2 (2!) 8 . ^ 0/26/ %! % 2 C ( ((). $ 26 (16-(1%6 ((/1/%6). 2! - . ( + ( -INGI) – ASTINGI ASTRINGI. ( (I) ! $- , $ ASTI ASTRI – ASTAR- ASTRA – (0+) (2!). ( ASDINGI (I) ASTINGI T > D. 261C6/-261C6 Z , VANDALI, - VANTI-VANDI. ( + (16-(1%6 . 2 – 261C6/.

-21-3. +

( + + ( (871–901) - , ! 326. - 0 !, Z! (), . - Z [Havlik, L. Slované, 53–85].

220 6 ! + ASTI > ĂSTI > OSTI ASTI-$. A > O 26/ (323%6^5, 32 – 2). # # +, 26 8 . 26-2 (2- !) + (/1/%6/. < $ 26 261C6. (- 26/ - 3 (3). 8' . – 326.

-21-4. +

3 26/, 2-2 (0+) + - 626/, ASTA. 1. 2+ (: „ (ÐéÜóôáé), “ [Steph. Byz., 522, 4]. 2 . 2. : (Penastii) [Tab. Peut., VIII, 4]. # + PEHASTII [Detsch. Spr., 366]. & – PIASTI PEHASTI , ASTA - PA (. ). PA : PA > PÄ > PE (. ‘pe’ ). & PE-HASTII ! ASTI H - . ( OSTODIZUM (ASTADIZA), : Hostizo [f606, 8, 21]. ! : PA > PE; PE-ASTI > PI-ASTI. ^: ‘! () 2’. 0 (. #: ðé – $ åðé, . api ( api-, pi-); . pie (, , ) [Tom. Thr., I, 853]. 626/ ( ) 26/. ( 2- 2 %. () !. 8 . 626/ ( ) 26 0/26. ^ 2- (. - (16-(/1/%6. 6!, (V8–V888 .) + . ! ! # – }26/.

221 -22-1. +, +

} %. ^ $ $ 2 2 – + . ( % – . (. 1. 1- ' $: „ I ( Áèñõò)“ [Hdt., IV, 49; Izvoare, I, 32–33; 6, 19]. 2. 2: „... /, ' – 5, , I (Ieterus)“ [Plin. N. h., III, 149 ; 6, 267]. 3. I: „... 1, , ! } (iuxta Iatram fluvium)“ [Iord. Get., 101; Izvoare, II, 422– 423; 6, 430]. 4. +: } „fluvius qui dicitur Iatrum“ [Geogr. Rav., 192, 7]. ( }52 – . . , : 1. } „ad Iatrum“ [Marc. Com., 535 (VIII); f606, 8, 318] 2. f „castellum Latris“ [Not. Dign. Occ., XL, 8] 3. f (Latron) [Geogr. Rav., 4, 7; f606, 8, 394] E § 4. } ( Éáôñ í) [Proc. De aed., IV, 7, 6] x E 5. } (ðñïò ô í Éáôñïí) [Theoph. Sim., VII, 2, 16] + 'V8–'V88 .: 1. 1 1595 . (. 3) – „Jatrus et Jeterus flu.“ [), ). , 16] 2. 1684 . (8 . Mercurius Geographicus) – Iantra fl. 3. ( (1689 .| – Tantra fl. – # T . J. C } /„, œòàðú (1640 .). „/- “ ^ !, # / [, . , 115, 216, . 23]. +, (!. -): I 1. /1606 ( Åíôñéâáé) – ' (. 540–478 . . '.): 1) ENTR(A); 2) -IBI – , ABA (< APA). 2. C31%6 (Ãüíäñáé) – 2+ ( (V88 .): G-ONDRA: 1) - - K(A) > G; 2) ONDRA – ANDRA A > O. 3. 61%6 (Êßíäñáé) – ' (88–888 .): K-INDRA: 1) -- K(A); 2) INDRA – ENDRA E > I. 2 + : 1. ATRA-ATAR – +, AR > RA 2. ETAR-ETRA – A > E

222 3. IATRA-IETAR – + $ A E 4. ENTRA – ETRA 5. ANDRA – ATRA T > D : ATRA > ANTRA > ANDRA (> ONDRA) 6. ENDRA – ETRA T > D : ETRA > ENTRA > ENDRA (> INDRA) 7. ENTRABA – + ENTRIBI – ABA (< APA ‘, ’) 8. ADRABA + ADRABI (ADRABAIKAMPI) (. , 88 .) – -ABA 9. IANTRA – IATRA . 3 Z: 1. ( , Z ! IANTRA, - ( V .). 2. 5 + . 3. $ ! - (88–8 . . '.). 4. ( -ABA (ENTRABA ADRABA) - + ATRA-APA (ATRAPA-ETRAPA). 5. & IANTRA, !, - –  ! ( V .). (! ANDRA, ENDRA, ADRABA, !- T > D, , . 7. % A-E, ! A. 1 / # }1-I/„. & Latris (2 ! ) Latron ( +) ! # – L . I, +.

-22-2. +

1- } + ATRI-ETRI. 2 : 1. ' (. 540–478 . . '.) 2+ (: I „/ ( Åíôñéâáé) . ' ( ) ( ) /“ [Steph. Byz., 271, 12; Detsch. Spr., 166]. 1 ! ATRA. (. C - !

223 trb, trib, treb ‘’ [. 0/3, 94]. ENTRIBA : 1. ENTR(A); 2. IBA. # # +, ENTRA - + ETRA . ( - -ABA (-APA ‘, ’). ! (/f/06 (!. II-7-14), 606, . . - : -ABA > -EBA > -IBA. 1 ENTRABI, ENTRABA. 2 ' - , V8 . . '. ATRA (ENTRABA) ENTRABI (ENTRIBI). 2. ! - , - (88 .). ( , 2 %: „... C , - , - % (’ÁäñáâáéêÜìðïé); ' , - ! $ f, ! – – %...“ [Ptol., II, 11, 11; Izvoare, I, 534–535]. C C ! . <# ; f – . 2 %066/ % . 2 , . 6 ADRABIKAMPI : 1. ADRABI; 2. KAMPI. (- . (KAMP), %. ADRABI ADRABA, ADRA - -ABA (< APA ‘, ’). ATRABA ( T > D) – - ATRA. & ATRABA ENTRABA - ' . 3 %06 (06) 8 . 88 . 2 %, . . 2 ! , $ 06 88 . /106/ (/1606) V8–V . . '. - ! . 2 06-/106 - . . #, },  . 2 C C # C % #. - + 'V–'V88 .: #, # (1430), #, # (1618), #- (. . #, 1638), #- (. . #, 'V88 .), #, # (1573), #- (, #, 1618). 2 I. ^ + *Ö!", . *òðýáåæü ‘ ’ òðýá¸ò¸ ‘, , ’. & – . tîrîm ‘ ’ beş ‘’ beş ‘’ [$!, . #, 445]. TRAMBEŠ ! + ATRABA -EŠ : ATRABA > ATRANBA >

224 TRAMBA-EŠ > TRAMBEŠ > TRÂMBEŠ. 2 . 2 + ( - ) ATRABA – ATRABA-ATRABI. 0 ( #) 06/ (/106). (! 50/j % + „0/4 06. ATRA-ATRI ! } – (() . & T„RNOVO (TR„NOV) ATAR-ATRA /TAR – -NA -OV(O) : ATAR-NA > ATARNA > TARNA > TARNA-OV > TARNOV(O) > TR„NOV. 1 7$ - . (! 6/ (1). 6/-/6 ! - : 1. 6/ + ( ) $. Z (). : 06/ (- ) 0 ( #); 6/ #$ . . #; 6 (C31%6), %6 (6), (6 (!. . +). 2. V8–8V . . '. 6/ ! ' 6. ! . 26/, – 6/. 8V . . '. 6/ - ! # $. % - . 0. 2 }, 0 ( #), 6/. - ! $ 6/. : , , - . % : ÊÏ ÔÏ ÕÏÓ ÅÎÂÅÏ, ÊÏ Ô ÕÏÓ ÅÂÅÏ [', +. 2, 65–78]. 1- : „(!) (!) 0.“ 2- $ 8 (383–359 . . '.). - # 6/. % , 8, (($), - (! $), $ !" ( 1Cf6/) . , f# (- 26/). ^ 8 ! . 3 ! (Z) # - ($) ! ' 6. 2 60f6/, 26/, C/6/- 1Cf6 6/.

15 , 8 () 225 3. 339 . . '. 6/ $ & 88, . ! 60f6/. 1 , 335 . ' 888 (. , - (}). 2 ! $ 2, - 888 Z Z . ( - 60f6/ „ “. „ 1, , , - '. , , - ! $ ; ', ,  -“ [Arr., I, 1; 6, 300]. „ # $ , ! 6, 2, $. (...) ( , # , “ [Arr., I, 4; 6, 303]. % Z$ 888 ( 6/. 4. 8 . . '. – - ' # # . 29–28 . . '. . f. 6^6/, Z 6/ – 6/. ( % , () . (! 6/, . 5. ( 15 . . '. ! ' % ! , ! . 6/ - %. 3, - 6, , - ! . 6. 6!, 06/ - . 88 . ! C (. <# ) % – . %06-06 ! . . 3%( (Odrava) – . /C/ (. 3! – Ogře), /f0 (f0). 3%( <# . 6  ATRA: ATRA > ADRA > ODRA, -AVA > ODRAVA. 7. 3% (ODER) 2 . ( – 6. . 16  – C & (!. - ). 3 $ 6 ! , 3%  0 . # -, + ATRA. ( -

226 ATRA > ADRA > ODRA – . GONDRI KINDRI. 2+ ( E E E s %1/, %/1/ ( ÁäñÜíç, ÁäñÞíç) ! Áäñçíá ïò [Steph. Byz., 27, 14; Detsch. Spr., 6]. + ODRA-ODER ('–'8 .) ! ATRA: Adora [Widuk., I, 23]; Odara, Oddora [Adam., IV, 13]. ( ADORA ( - ATRA. Oddora, Odara 0 # A > O. ( -ARA, -ORA ATRA, AR-RA: IETERUS, ETÂR (< ETAR), IETAR. 2. + ODER. ( Odagra, Odogra [Ann. Fuld. a. 892] ! ODRA-ODER. ODAGRA- ODOGRA - +- , . . ODARA-ODORA, $ , G. ( + ODAGRA ! ! - OD (AT ?, . ) AGRA. AGRA < ANGR(OS), . 0 . - 3%C C 8 . . '. $ C6 (!. . +). % 0 !, 2 (8 .): „1 , (- /- – . .) (() , , , , f (insulam Latrim), f, “ [Plin. N. h., 13, 97; 2%62, 8, 24–25]. 3 / (Aeningia) ! ! ! 3%  . 6. 2 0 (3!), 3%. 4 , 0 – 5 (. - f. 6 LATRIS ! ! # + IATRIS. # + L I }52 (IATRUS) – castellum Latris [Not. Dign. Occ., XL, 8]; LATRON [Geogr. Rav., 4, 7]. + IATRIS - IATRUS (}). 3% ! 8 . 6-$. (!- ! 2- , (/1/%6 ! 3% (62f (/). ^- 3% 6 (16-(/1/%6.

227 8. ( (V8–V888 .) 3%16 (3%6<6), 3%. % ! Z! (!. -). ! 3%16-3%6<6 3% Z!- V88 . 9. C 6 , %. ( 3%. ( - . 3%/2: „ 3"“ – 1096 . [(f, I, 159], !- . f !, 3%. ( . 10. C Z : 1) . 3$, 2+, 2) . 3, , . 2 , 3) . 3, . , . , 4) . 3, . (, , 5) . 3, . 0, , [$!, . ^, 155]. I. ^ . ; . . ‘’. 0 ! . 3%6<6- 3%16, V88 . 3%. ! , (. #), - 62, 3( (%. ^ . 2- . !, V88–8' . - . 1 -IČI -ANI . ( ) 6/ +.

-22-3. +, +, +

( % # 6%( /3%(: „1- % : ... (Ðáôñßäáõá 53º–48º10´)... (Ðåôñüäáõá 53º45´–47º40´)...“ [Ptol., III, 8, 4; Izvoare, I, 544–545]. ! , . . , . , ! : 1. 2 – 53º–48º10´ 53º45´–47º40´. 2. ( PATRI PETRO A-E Ä – ! A E (PÄTRI). ÄTRA – ATRA ETRA (!. -). 3 . , – PATRIDAVA PETRODAVA. + .

228 2 - 6%(-/3%( - (53º–47º), + (52º15´–48º15´); (53º20´–48º15´); 5- (53º10´–47º40´); (53º15´–47º15´) ! . . 0$ (Brecu), . , Z . 3 Z! # () 6 - . 2. () /6< (Petricica) – 6 . - –Z, ! 2//  354, Z! . 0. 2, 6%(-/3%( - /6< : 1) ; 2) - - - . . (Z . ! $ $ %. Z $ . k! . . (98– 117). ! . 6 PATRIDAVA-PETRODAVA DAVA ‘’. ( PETRO $ ðÝôñïò ‘’. ( : 1. ÐÝôñá, Petra – [Liv., 39, 26, 1; 44, 32, 9; Diodor., 31, 11, 1] 2. Petra – [Liv., 40, 22, 12] 3. Petris – % ! C , . . 5Z [Tab. Peut., VIII, 1 ; Geogr. Rav., IV, 7 ; CIL, III, 7881, 7883]. PÄTRI (PATRI-PETRO) ( ) ÄTRA, ATRA-ETRA, - - PA ‘’. 1) PA-ATRI > PÄTRI > PATRI ; 2) PÄTRI > PETRI. ^- : ‘! () -/’. 2 PATRIDAVA ‘ 6/’. ( 6-/6 ! ( ) 6/ }. 3 ! . ( } $. . # } # (. 0). - ($) ! 6-/6, 6/-/6. 1 . . /4, . PATRA -EŠ. 1 -EŠ - (. Odessos – ODEŠ ; Ordessos – ARDEŠ). } + PÄTREŠ, PATRES. # . - -ICA, Š > ŠT – PATREŠTICA. – /64 (Petris) /341 (Petroşani), ( }1. 6 . 033( ( }, . 0) ! PATRA : PATRA > BATRA + OV > BATROV > BOTROV. 229 ^ 6/ 0 ( - #) – 06/, . - 6/-/6 6/ – %6 (6) (!. 88-22-4). % $ . 2// C/6. 6/- /6 („ 6/“) , (. /6< ). %6/ (6) - 2//, TATRA-TATROŠ (. . Totrus, . Trotu) (!. -). 6/-/6 (V8–V88 .). 6 + PETRIČI -IČI. 2 /6<, . . ‘ /6-<6/’. 2 % / $ (Ðåôñßæçí) [Proc. De aed., IV, 4; 6, 436]. 1 - PETRICI -EN. ( ! % /6<6 6- . V8 . ! ! 16 546 . Z Z- ! . k 8 (527–565) 16/ (!. ). ( V88 ., $, , . 6 , , /6<6/. . 2- /6<6 : 1. (Ðåôñéôæüò) – , 0 – „2. 0$ “ [, . , 213–214] 2. (Ðåôñéôæüò) – , !- . . , [ ] 3. 2 , , 2+ 4. C , 0. 670 . % % - /6<6 Z ! . /61 5# 'V8–'V88 . [DRH, B, V; XXIV].

-22-4. +-++

! , ( ) %6 - , %. %6/. 6 ATRA - DA

230 ‘’: DA-ATRA > DATRI > TATRI, D > T D-T > T-T. ^: ‘! () ’. ^ }, . 1. 6 – 6 ( /6<). !- 2// – . 354 (. Trotu). – <, 2// . . !. % - # (Targu Trotu). 5 + 354 (Totrus). ( 6 '888–'V8 . $. ( '8V . . 2 1360 . – . 6 1443 .: „ #“ [DRH, A, I, 96, 141, 282]. ( + 'V88–'V888 . TOTROS : 1) 1688 . (2. 2); 2) %!. ('V88 .); 3) 1730 . (C. %, . f) [), ). , 22, 25, 34]; TATRO („Tabula nova Poloniae... – 'V – 'V8 .); TATROS (C. +, 1541 .) [Ungureanu, A. Hări, 639–641]. 6 - TATAROS, TATROS-VASÁR (34, 34-(4). (- , - +. 1 + TATRA. + -OŠ TATROŠ. -, : TATROŠ > TOTROŠ > TOTRUŠ. - : TOTRUŠ > TORTUŠ > TROTUŠ – TR > RT . % - . ! ' %- (29 . . '. – 15 . . '.) %6-6 6/ %. # C/6 – 2// 6 . $ , – TATRA-TATROŠ. (. - #) – TATRA-TATROŠ. 2 6/ $ 6/ – /6<. C6 (ÔÜãñïé), - [Ptol., III, 5, 11]. 2 (!. + C6) , 6 - . 3 + ! ! (. Z), , ÔÜôñïé (6) [!. Nied. Sl. st., I-1, 182]. 6, 2 . $ , - ! - . 6

231 , , - %6 (6), . . # 6 . % %6-6 6 2 (2# ). 6 - ! + Trytri, Tritri, Tatri [Cosmas, I, 33; II, 37]. % ! . ( , 6- $. ( 6 C &. - . (C. ( Z! &, }, . 3% (3%/). ( 6 - 1 6 . ( -  . 2 ! , 2 $-6, ! %6-6, (6, 1/6-166 6 (!. . +). %6/-6 - . (C. - ! ( 6 ( Z). 3 - $ (C, 1 6. } ! ! 6-- $. 1 , ! C & - (6/. V > F. VATRA > FATRA. k! (6/, 16 $ 1/6-166. 1 (6/, 3%, $ 6. % : 1. – %, Z! . . 2. C – . %, . %, %, . . 3. C Teterow – 1272 . . ///( % - $ ‘’. - $: . tittirá; . tadarv ‘+’; . ôåôñÜùí ‘’; . tatarwis ‘’; . teterva; . teteris. , !, ! %6-6. - DA, ETER-ETRA (. Ieterus 2 . C } – /„) : DA-ETER > DETER(I) > TETER(I). % TATRI-TETERI (TETRI) 6-/6, 6-/6, (6-(/6 ÄTRA ATRA ETRA. //6 6 ( 34). ! , %. - – . ,  . .

232 -22-5. +-+

16 k 2 & . ( %. - $ 1- $, 0, j. 1 16. 6 NITRA ! ! ETRA - NA (. ): NA-ETRA > NETRA > NITRA. - E > I KINDRI (KATRI) (!. 88-22- 6). NETRA-NITRA ! NETRI-NITRI. ^: ‘! (, ) () /’. 1/6/-166 ATRA-ETRA (}) 8 . . '. – (6, 6, 6. $ 2 . 1/6/-166 - , – 16. – 16. (V8–V88 .) - NITRANI – -ANI. Nitrani, . Nytracsehi, . Cehince.

-22-6. +-+

2 ! : 1. 61%6 (Êßíäñáé) – , ' [Herod., 2, 487, 19; Detsch. Spr., 107] 2. C31%6 – , 2+ ( [Steph. Byz., 210, 11; Detsch. Spr., 107] 3. C/61 (Ãåôñßíáò) – ' [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; 6, 447] 4. C/626 (ÃåôñéóôÜïõò) – ' [Proc. De aed., IV, 11; 6, 447]. ATRA-ETRA  ANTRA- ENTRA - KA (. . ; . , ): 1. KA-ANTRA > KANTRI > KANDRI > GANDRI > GONDRI 2. KA-ENTRA > KENTRI > KENDRI > KINDRI 3. KA-ETRA > KETRI > GETRI ; -INA > GETRINA ; - -STAI > GETRISTAI. % KINDRI (') GONDRI (2+ (- ) + KANTRI-KENTRI. ^ + KETRI. 6 (}) 6-/6 8–888 . + C/6. < Z ' $ '. 8V–V ., % - . 2 C/6 () – C/61 C/626. 233 THE PROTO-SLAVIC TRIBES PART ONE (A) (Résumé)

The present study offers an alternative view regarding two substantial issues of early Eastern European history: 1. The origin of Slavic peoples 2. The cultural-linguistic character and the historical destiny of Thracian ethnic groups. The commonly accepted today main thesis, according to which the Slavic people originated from the Pre-Carpathian region, is commented on in the preamble. Thus the Slavic people were supposed to form as an entity during 2nd-1st millennium B.C. in the lands of nowadays Southern Poland and Northwestern Ukraine. The author noted different variations of this thesis that developed in the 19th and the 20th centuries. Many different inconsistencies and controversies were spotted, espe- cially when researchers used linguistic and archaeological data for explaining the stages of the ethno-genetic process of the Slavs in the Pre-Carpathian lands. The old thesis of the Balkan-Danubian origin of the Slavs that was widely spread in the Slavic countries historiographies between 12th and 19th centuries is also brought up. One focus of the research is based on the text of the chronicle Povest Vremennih Let representing the exodus of the Slavs from the Danube region as result of the Roman conquest. This text is considered as an authentic and reliable historical source which brings to light the imposition of Roman rule over the Thracian lands: Moesia (15, A.D.), Thrace (45, A.D.) and Dacia (106, A.D.). Furthermore, this Roman conquest caused the migration of the Thracian population to the North – to the region between Baltic Sea and the Carpathian Mountains, to the East – to the region between rivers Dnepr and Dnestr; and to the West – along the valley of the river Tisza. This migration happened on two stages: 1. At the beginning of the 1st century A.D. from the lands South of the Danube river.

234 2. At the beginning of the 2nd century A.D. from the Dacian lands. The author developed a new methodological scheme for research on the prob- lem. According to this alternative methodology, the understanding of the origin of the Slavs and the migration of the Thracians needs a revision of enormous historical data, concerning the ethnic structure of the East European landscape during the Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Thus the author formulates the main concepts germane to the establishment of a wide academic program for further research on the above mentioned topics. A specific place is dedicated to concrete analysis of the parallels between the Thracian culture from the Pre-Roman era and the early Slav culture of the 6th-8th centu- ries – settlements, homes, burial rituals, and ceramics. Once again, a separate paragraph deals with the methodology of this specific analysis. The main goal of this research is to clarify the migration process from the Bal- kan-Carpathian lands during the 1st and 2nd centuries A.D. As a condition sine qua non for the understanding of the stages of this process is the detailed reconstruction of the tribal structure of the proto-Slavic (or Thracian) territories during the pre-Roman Era. The historical sources used for the research have various origins: • Written sources (narrative, documental, epigraphic) • Toponymic • Cartographic • Archaeological • Ethnologic • Dialectological A clear definition is proposed for the usage of terms as Proto-Slavs, Proto-Slavic Period (Era), Proto-Slavic language.

* * * The chapter The Tribes is focused on the reconstruction of diverse tribal struc- tures and their historical destiny. The paragraphs that deal with every separate tribe are organized as “nests” – on the basis of the linguistic origin of the tribal names. They follow alphabetical order. The present volume comprises the tribes and the related names starting with the letter A.

The first paragraph form Chapter Two The Tribes is dedicated to the Thracian tribe ABANTES of the island of EUBEA, and a thorough analysis of its name is of- fered. A formation of a tribe called ALBAKI in the region of two lakes in the Danube River Delta is revealed, as well as this tribe’s migration to Dacia (ALBOKENSII). The formation of the tribe called AXI (SAXI) is located in the valley of the river AXUS (AXIOPA), nowadays Cara-su in Northern Dobrudja. This tribe is believed to be identical with the ethnic name SAXI, quoted by Stephanus Byzantinus. The hypoth-

235 esis offered suggests that after the migration caused by the Roman invasion the tribe SAXI reached the embouchure of Elba River. There the SAXI tribe mixed with the local population and undertook a process of germanization, but the tribal name re- mained. The valley of the river Barlad in nowadays Southern Moldova was the region of the tribal formation of the ALDI-ALDANI. Their migration Northward was associated with the early-Slavic tribe LJADI in today Southeastern Poland and the Polabian tribe KOLEDICHI. Another unknown from the existing sources tribe – ALMI – is located in the valley of the river Lom (Northern Bulgaria), the ancient ALMUS. Inheritor of the mi- grated to the North ALMI was the Polabian tribe DALEMINCI-GLOMACHI. A corre- lation with the origins of the German tribe ALEMANI is also suggested. Another paragraph deals with the analysis of the forms of the river name OLT (nowadays Eastern ). New and unknown variations of the name are mentioned, together with the chronology of their appearance. Based on this toponymic name, other tribal names had emerged: ALTI, ALTINI, OLTENI. Linked to them is the origin of the east Slavic tribal name ULTINI. The valley of the river OLT has been also the region of the tribes KALTI and PALTI. Their migration after the Roman invasion of Dacia is mapped out. Heirs of the PALTI were the people from the east Slavic tribe POLOCHANI. Another tribe from the valley of OLT was VALTI (VELTI). Part of them migrated to the North during the 2nd c. A.D. and thus instigated the origin of the tribes under the names of VELTI-VELETABI-VILTZI (LJUTICHI) along the coast of the Baltic Sea. The valley of OLT was most probably also the land of origin of the Polabian tribe NELETICHI. The variation of the river name ARUTA is connected to tribal formations known as RUTI-RUTENI, DRUTI.

The author proposes another view for the origin of the Slavic tribe ABODRITI. They are considered to be the inheritors of the Dacian tribe AMOTRI from the valley of the present day river Motru in Oltenia. The relocation of the Southern wing of the ABODRITI is also studied. The name of region along both sides of the Danube River delta – A(N)GLA – is reconstructed on the basis of a group of toponyms in existence from the 1st century B.C. to the 19th century A.D. The history of the Gaetaen tribe ANGLI is correlated to the early Slavic tribe UGLICHI. The author formulates the hypothesis that part of the ANGLI, together with the neighboring tribe of the SAXI reached the Elba River delta and there they gave the origin of the German tribe ANGLI. The origin of the tribal name AGRIANI form the upper Struma river is linked to the name of the river ANGROS, identical with nowadays Bulgarian Morava river. The migration of the AGRI to the North is traced to the territories of today Poland. The name of the river ANGROS is also connected with the origin of the tribal name VAGRI, known form 10th-12th centuries in the region of Lubek along the North Sea coast. Same hypothesis is formulated for the tribe TAGRI and the German tribe ANGRIVARII.

236 The formation of the proto-Slavic - and also early Slavic – tribal formation ANTI in the region between the rivers Dnepr and Dnester is dated between 1st and 6th centuries A.D. The Proto-Slavonic formation of the GANTI is located in the lower Tisza River. This study focuses also on the formation of the Northern Proto-Slavic tribes VANTI (VENEDI) in the 1st-2nd c. A.D. The VANTI are connected with the East-Slavic name VJATICHI and the German tribal formation VANDALI. The names of the tribes NAPI, KAPI (KAPANTZI) are considered to derive from the Proto-Slavic root APA, meaning water, river. The tribe APIARI was located along the river Topchiiska, affluent to the Danube River in the region of Russe in nowadays Northern Bulgaria. The tribes with the same name wee located along the valley of the river ARDECH (nowadays Arge). Toponimic data allow the reconstruction of the names of tribal formations such as ARKI, ARKANI, ARKARI (ARGARAGANTI) along the river ARKA (Caraş in nowadays Banat). Traces of their migration northward were tracked down in the Baltic Sea island of Rugen. Successors of these migrants were the Slavs form the tribe RUGIANI (RUJANI, RANI) with center ARKONA. The antique ARPESSOS is identical with the upper river Arda in the Rhodopes Mountains. The Arda valley was populated by the tribe of ARPI. Their heirs are con- sidered to be the RUPTZI – ethnographical group from the same region. Related to the ARPI were the tribes KORPILI and KARBALETI. Traces from the migration of the ARPI are discovered in the region of the Northern Carpathian Mountains, nowadays Poland. The territory of the tribe ARSI is marked around the river RASINA (region of Niš, today Eastern Serbia). A proof for their migration is Claudius Ptolemaius’ testimony (2nd c. A.D.) about the tribe ARSIETI in the lands of nowadays Poland. During the Middle Ages on the lands of the ARSI developed the Serbian region (zhupa) RASHKA. The tribe ARTAKI was located in the valley of the river ARTANES, (today Cherni Lom, affluent to the Danube River, Northern Bulgaria). The author traces their migra- tion to Dacia, where Claudius Ptolemaius again had spotted the name RATAKENSII. Evidences from the ARTAKI migration are known along the middle Danube River and in the Eastern Slavic lands. The tribe ARTARI was located in the valley of the river ARCHAR (affluent to the Danube River, today Northern Bulgaria). A branch of this tribe was known under the name of VRATARI. Successors of the ARTARI were the people of the Polabian tribe of RATARI. The author supposes that the tribe NERTIRJANI (between the rivers Elba and Rhein) also took its origins from the valley of the river ARCHAR. The banks of the ASAMUS River (today Osam, affluent to the Danube River, Northern Bulgaria) were inhabited by the tribe ASAMI. In the region of the Sakar Mountain (Southern Bulgaria) the name of the river ASKA was discovered, together with the tribal name ASKI (SKAI, SIKABOI).

237 The name of the tribe ASTI is believed to derive from the possible Proto-Slavic name of the straight of the Bosporus – ASTA (mouth). The tribe PIASTI was a branch of the ASTI. Another hypothesis is suggested – that the origins of the German tribe ASTINGI were connected to the migrated ASTI people who settled down between the rivers VISLA and ODER. The author has reconstructed variations of the name of the river ATRA (today Yantra, affluent to the Danube River, Northern Bulgaria). The valley if this river was the tribal territory of the ATRI (ENTRIBI, ADRABI), their center was ATRABA (nowa- days Polski Trambech). There are evidences for the migration of ATRI towards the region of the Middle Danube River valley, today Slovakia, and towards the river Oder (today Eastern Germany). Another wing of the same tribe is discovered under the name of PATRI and its migration to the eastern Carpathian region is trailed. The ATRI had another branch – the tribe of DATRI which relocated to the nowadays TATRI moun- tains in Slovakia. The last branch of the ATRI are the NETRI, and the KATRI, located along the valley of the river NITRA (today Slovakia).

238

– . . – . . – . . . ! – . ! . ., 1975. "" – " . #–##. ., 1981; 2003. . $ . – . $ %& & . Getica. ., 2001. " – " &. ., 1949. . . $ – . . $ '. ., 1989. ( – ) '* . #–##. ., 1951. ! – & &+ )'* , #, 1991; ##, 1995.

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248

Amaxobii Sarmatae 148, 155, 156 (Abanti) 27, 139 Athaul 69 140 Blastarni 155 () 90 Bubegenas 69 88 Coldas 69 , 87-92 Dacpetoporiani 155 - 89, 91, 92 Dagae 155 91, 141, 160 š r Glopeani 46 (Á áñéíï ) 28, 155, 192 Golthescytha 69 40, 121 Imniscaris 69 126, 127 Inaunxis 69 48, 49 Lendizi 50 , , 97 Let’gola~ 95 (), 97, 99, 105, 119, Lupiones Sarmatae 148, 155 120 Merens 69 , (!) 125, 128-134, 174, 192, 231 Mordens 69 122, 124-126 Nauego 69 " 198, 199, 222, 224 Nortabtrezi 90 () 222, 224 Osterabtrezi 88, 90 224 Rogas 69 39 Sarmatae vagi 148, 155, 156 , , (Axiacae) 36, 38, 39 Slabi, Slabjani 47 " (") 56, 57 Slavi, Slavjani 47 56, 57, 95, 100, 140, 155 Tadzans 69 (), , 43-46, 48 Thiudos 69 46-48 Vasinabroncas 69 (’ÁëâïêÞíóéïé) 43-46, 59 Venadi Sarmatae 148, 155 , 49-51 Wiltuni 76 " 52, 54, 55, 57, 203 Wiltunisci 76 , 64, 65, 67 Zimegola~ 95 -! 73, 79

249 " 130 , , 188, 212-221 ", " ("#) 146, 151 , %, , 162, " 85-87, 89-91 163, 218-220 "- 90 () 225, 226, 230 197 , 28, 109, 196, 205, 223, 225, 226, $ 154, 192 229, 231-233 43 % 27 121 %& 124, 127, 128 , 100, 101, 105 , 31-34, 36, 37, 40-42, 46, 48, 76, '" 198, 224 90, 96-122, 133, 159, 195, 205 ' 12, 13, 21 - 122 ' 190 , 134 ' 31-33, 36, 49, 92, 100, 113, 114, 116, 135 134, 148, 153, 154, 195, 201 40, 43, 134, 135 ' 211 137 ' 187, 189 passim ' 22, 113, 125, 184, 187, 207, 211, 218, 167 220 166, 167 ' 155, 192 188, 189 '$ 43, 197 ! 163, 164 ' 125 , 178 ' 186 178 '!! 100 130, 142, 144, 147-152, 178 '%, (Blaci) 17, 70 150-152 '#, !# 216 () 151 '!! 180 170 ' 187, 189 170, 172 '%" 180 , " 171-174 ' 89 125 ' 187, 188 167-170 ' 189 167, 169 ' () 94, 95, 105 (!, ) 178 ' 91 150, 178, 180 '! 154, 192 ! 178 '! 162 " 163 '! 28 , a 184-189 '! 43, 197 , a 130, 133, 155, 156, 190, 192- '* 10, 16, 47, 70, 87, 88, 91, 100-102, 194 120, 127, 166, 230 - 194 '* & 142, 160, 230 - 192 , 31, 170, 195-199, 206, 225, + 86, 133 226 +, 73-75, 78, 81 , 54, 200-203 + () 15, 162, 163, 179, 219, 220 " (") 203-206 +, () 22, 47, 75, 119, 132, 133, 207, 211, 216, 217 151, 153-161, 163, 171, 220, 227

250 +! () 130 / 123 + 125, 162 / 122, 124, 129, 130 + 76 / 129, 130 + 37, 76, 86, 90, 133 /" 129, 130 + 190, 193 /!! 68 + 199 / 129, 130 +, 225, 232, 233 /! 162 + 76, 78, 81, 224 : 14, 22, 31, 32, 64, 116, 118, 131, 132, +, 37, 73, 75-78, 90, 121, 133, 155, 142, 152, 156, 201 159 : 155, 156 +-. 78 :" 57 +, passim :"-" 54, 55, 57, 202, 203 +-" 155 :" 163 + 130 :! 203 + 70, 72, 98, 147, 171 : 41, 180 +$ 43 : 128, 129 +% 144, 147, 152 : 125 + 78 :", " 206 + 74-78, 87 : () 225, 230-232 +! 163 : 127, 139 + (!"*) 16, 17 : (&) 65 +% (%, *%) 16, 17 :" 167 + 202 : 189 +& 73, 132, 160-162, 173, 174 :, 188, 189 : 142 / 68, 83-85 : 194 / 95, 155 :& 194 /, 83-85 :! 187 /-! 155 :! 73, 85 /" 162 / 22, 142, 152, 153, 171 27 / 68-73, 90, 91, 100, 141, 156, 157, 219, 186, 187 220 "" 211, 213 /" 12, 13, 21, 37, 67, 98, 148, 149, 154, 134 159, 160, 163, 220 , 223, 224 / passim ! 121 /- 42 /- 171 (!), !, 95, 97, / 233 105, 119, 120 / 28, 154, 155 " 151 /" 54-56 , 12, 14, 124, 126-128, 132, / 73 191 / 233 12, 13, 67 / passim , &, 38, 39, 42, 110, / 179 111

251 38 " (") 82, 83 69-72, 74, 78, 80 !, ! 149, 156, 160, 179 - 71 ! 156 , 131 !; 57 , , , , 164- !;< 160 167 ! 130 , , 187, 189 . 74, 77, 78 74, 155 &, , , , & 50, 32 51 68, 71, 98, 171, 218, 220 &% 161, 173 203 " (") 206, 207 ; 66, 70, 72, 84, 88, 89, 167, 176 () 225 ! 188, 212 , 232, 233 203 ! () 197 , "" 130, 198, 219, 224 () 130, 145, 148, 152, 198 162 209 140 (Celtae) 12, 68, 98, 127, 165 , " 31, 33, 125-127 (Coeni) 188, 212 139 (Coenici) 187, 189 #, ", ", "< 31, 32, 52, 54, 188 55, 113, 116, 195, 197, 200, 201, 203, 206, 226 " 135, 153, 227 85, 86, 89 233 -" 90 51 , 69, 72 , ! 131-133, 174 , 113, 162, 188, 212 , 81 162, 186-189 164 95, 197, 218, 219 164, 167 43, 197 , , 81 # 32, 34, 38, 39, 195-197, 222 & 202, 203 !" 70 , 232 !! 67, 141 (Nordalbingi) 47, 48 " 41 218, 219 ! 131, 161 16, 91, 141 ! 121 , , , 81-83, 90 125 46, 72, 85, 86, 89, 133 " 179 " 125 # 65 108, 117, 118, 126, 169, 188 139 () 228 " 150-152 , " 64 " 130, 142, 144-152 67 86 " 192 160 165, 167 () 83 74, 155

252 67, 68, 218 =! 180 $ 43 =!, !, 182, 184, 185 =!- 185 131, 132, 161 =! 184 78, 80 =!, ! 65, 83 164 =!- 83, 84 78-81 =!, ! 83-85 14, 163 =!- 83 (Ðáñáîíåé) 31 =!, ! 83 184 =!&, 178, 180, 181 , 190, 193 , , 228-231 > 154, 155, 192 , 68, 94, 95, 148, 149, 153, 154, > (), & 67, 142, 174 218, 220, 232 >, 100 - 154 > (, ) 30-42, 48, 59, 63, 69, 125, 127 76, 87, 92, 110, 117, 119-122, 133, 134, 159, 66 195 , % 183, 216, 221 > 188, 189 155, 192 >" 14, 67, 68, 98, 113, 130, 140, 142- 167 145, 147-156, 171, 227 , , # 147, 151 >"-" 144 189 >"- 49 155, 156 >"-&# 130, 142-144, 147, 151, 156 72 >"- 21 & 46, 86 > 121 18, 73, 78, 80, 81 >, 100, 121, 162, 203 & 142 >" 56, 57 ! 43, 44, 59 > 43, 44, 59 197 > 31, 33 87-89 >123 139 >, ! 209 > 162 =& () 220 > 125 =", " 133, 160, 161, 173, 174 >, 207, 209-211 =, 195-199 > (scyri, sciri) 100, 101, 149, 153, 227 = 198 > 14, 34-36, 108-113, 123, 136, 142, 170, = 197, 198 226 = 199 >- 116 =, 55, 200, 201, 202, 203 >, &, passim =, , , <, <, < > 125, 135, 165, 192, 213 193, 194 >" 86 =! 40, 121 >; 161, 174 = 14, 63, 143 >, , * 160, 193 =!, 83, 179, 180 > 95 =!, !& 179, 180 >! 95, 155, 198, 224

253 >! 28, 154, 155 ?$ 12, 13 ?"! 162 113 ? 65-67 133, 134, 231 ?! 100 $ 146, 147, 151, 152, 218, 220 ?! 141 225, 231, 233 197 @ 39 135 @ 148, 149, 153, 154 # 68 @ 28, 154, 160 232 @ 16, 39, 40, 75, 91 " 150 @# 180 " 87, 88 @!! 28, 154, 155 188 94, 133, 142 D 39, 40, 134 # 32 D 189 12-14, 16, 17, 22, 27, 42, 108, 109, 113, D 153, 162 123, 126, 128, 139, 188, 191, 209, 212, 213, D"!! 56, 57, 130, 219 226 D! 68, 141, 156 " 95 D! 40, 134 14, 42, 52, 54, 109, 110, 116, 126, 127, D 187, 189 204, 206, 226 D 149, 153, 227 34 D! 100, 136, 141, 152, 153, 160, 171, 179 ! 65 D* 160 ! 213 . 40, 121 E 37, 76, 121

?, , ! 65, 66, 95, 97, 103, 105, F# 63, 113, 142, 143 120, 121 F#-" 156 ? 161 F#-" 142, 143

254 //=@>

Abiz flu. Abir riv. 168 Glad, . / . 71 Alburnus Maior 45 Gladova . 71 Alsó Fèher 176 Glamoč 56 Angeron 134 Glomuzi 55 Apula 149, 155 Horna 76 Aranywara Hudna 76 Ardan (Árdany) 172 Hunna 76 Ardanovce (. Ardán falva) 172 Hussen 76 Ardanovo (. Ardanháza) 172 Hussi-dina 76 Ardicenus vicus 169 Kalatha, * (Călata) 69 Arkospataktöve (Arkuspothaktuwe) 176 Kald, . . /, Galda) 69 Asamus, Lapida 204 Kolt (Kult) 72 Axiaces 38 Kolto, Coltău, . Catălina 72 Axon 29 Koppany 165 Bodrus Kwlthy, . Coltau 72 Budrug fl. 89 Latybar, Latobar 61 Burridava 149, 155 Litus Saxonicum 43 Chirstenge 30 Lobje 46 Ciabrus (. ) 30 Lomatsch 55 Copus Lotriwar (Lotrioara) 60 Dacia Apulensis 163 Marga (Margus) 194 Dacia Porolissensis 131 Marklo 40 Danischen Wohld 40 Museos-Buzău 87 Drsink 195 Nagyugolyka (Ugeya, Uhlja), +& ?H- Eider 40 , +i ?% 96 Erkes/ Erkis patak 176 Naxius, Naxiur 30 Essex 43 Nemausos, Nîmes 72 Feldwar, Földwar, Marienburg, Feldioara 74 Nitrani, Nytracsehi, . Cehince 233 Galad, Geled 71 Noilgiant (Noialt) 69 Galt 69 Ó Bodrog (Bodrog, Bodrogu Vechi) 89 Germizera 149, 155 Ohře (Eger) 124, 132 Ghilad 71 Oltuman, Oltman (. Otomani) 64

255 E N Palatha, Palota 80 ( Áãñé íçò, ) 124, 169 Petris 229 < (Agriş) 124, 131-134 Płota, Płock 79

256 " (Amutrium) 86, 90 / (<) 114, 150-152, 175-178, "! (Amutria) 86 180 "! (’Áìïýôñéïí) 86, 202 (Arcani) 177 I "!, " ( Áìõôñïí ðoëéò) 86 (Arky) 177 121 , (Arcidava) 114, 116, 150, 46, 92, 107, 112 166, 175, 177, 178 I , ( Áããñïò), '* (’ Áñêßííá) 176, 202 122-125, 128-135, 191, 194, 195, 227 (’ ÁñêïâÜäáñá) 176 124, 132, 133, 161 178, 180, 181 ™ ! 123 ! (’ Áñêï íåò) 177 !& 229 !< (Arcuş) 177 212 -< 184, 187-189 146, 175 , 190 (Antiana) . ' *% 139 < 189, 190 !" (Anthium) 139, 212 < () 190 I (Apus) 176 ( Áñóá) 190-194, 208 I (), . . 166, 168 #, ( Áñóáæá) 190, 191 I (Áððßáñá) 168 ( Áñóåíá) 190, 191 E &, Appiaria, ÁððÝñåéá 167 ( Áñóoíéïí) 192, 193 E (Appion) 166 ( ÁñôÜêç, Artace) 197, 199 I & (>#) 113, 114, 139, 212, 213, ( Áñôáêçò) 170 217 & (Artacia) 196-199 I I ( Áøéíèïò) 188 ( Áñôáêïò) 170 E 187 ( ÁñôÜíç, Artane) 197 E !, ! (Appulus) 163 ( ÁñôÜíçò) 195-197, 199 !!" (. E&) 60, 163, 164 , 201, 202 ! (Apus) 166 (fl. d’Arte) 170 I 170 ( Áñôçóêïò) 49, 169, 181 E " 116 & ( Áñôõíßá) 197 "!" 115 ! 59-61 (’ Áñãáíoêéëé) 177 ! (Arutela) 60 , 114 , 200, 202 I ( Áñãéäáõá) 108, 116, 175 " . 203-206 () 49, 169, 174, 181-183, 186, 207 "! (Asamus, . *") 203, 222 -" 174 (Asbolodina) 93 I -< (;<) 174 #, #, # ( Áóãáñæïò) 207, & 182, 183 208, 211 < ((Arge, ;<) 114, 170, 171, 172, , # (’ Áóãßæïõò) 207, 208, 211 173 (" !) 205 (campus Ardienses) 169 38 # (. >#) 207, 208, 210 (>) 208, 210, 211 #!" (!") 192 & (Ascania) 211 # (), Arsia fl. 192 (>) 210, 211 # (#) 208 " 204, 206 < . 45 , (. '$) 212, 216, 221 , , . 210 # (#!") 213, 214, 217

17 & ", L () 257 E E ( Áóôáêoò, Astacum, Ïóôáêoò) 215, ' 52, 54, 58, 128, 129 216, 221 ' 123 # 216 ' (Âåëåäííá) 93 E & ( ÁóôéêÞ) 213 ' " 196, 197 / / . (Asticus ' *" 203 mons) 214-216 '" 19 171, 212-215, 220, 221 ' 225 109, 205 '& 52 217 ' (& @*) 141 I ( Áôëáò) 57, 58 ' (> ) 196 199, 222, 224-226, 230, 231, 233 ' '!;/P* 46, 49, 92, 97, 99, ( *"<) 225, 230 100, 102, 103, 105, 117, 118, 120 I / . ( Áèñõò), . . F 36, 112, ' 186, 187, 192 195, 222 'Q 187, 192 !% (Auha) 68, 69 '# (+#, . +#) 36, 213 $& 34 '# (. =) 139 N %, . . M$ % 128 '# (Âõæ íôéïí) 126, 139, 210, 213, % 128, 182 217 %& ;, . . %& 128 '#& 212 %& E (%&), . . /** 128 '# (. ) 112 % 214 '# 131 ' 46 ' 169 ' (Âéóäííá) 93 ' (Badnitz) 199 '! 94 ' #. 167 '% 61, 176 ' ", ;, 9, ' &; 167 36, 37, 47, 71, 74-78, 90, 119, 140, 149, 153, ' 50 159, 163, 179, 180, 192, 193, 220, 226, 227 ' . 40 ' 20, 70, 72, 79, 144, 151, 178 ' 88-92 ' . 180 '*# (Bodrogköz) 88, 89, 92 ' " 196 ' (:*) 38, 94 '& ! 52 ' (=!) 109, 205, 225 ' . 190 '< 88 ' 195 ' 52, 56 ' 58, 59, 61, 71, 184 ' 113 ' 123 '$ 108, 212, 215 ' 100 ' 229 ' (Âáóóéäííá) 93 '< (Bosarkány) 177 ' (Alpes Bastarnice) 97, 155, '! 49 156 ' 89 ' (Bacs) 88 '< 104 ' " 182 '# 28 '< 92 ' 78, 157, 158 ' . 233 '! (Brecu) 229 '! 109 ' (ÂñéáíôéêÞ) 139 ' '!; 92 '& 37, 40, 43, 76, 78, 121

258 ' 122, 123 +, + (+) 195, 203 '& 162 +& 15, 86, 139, 197, 211 '!; 32 +< 126 '!; 92 +< 208 '!#*! (!) 172 + (+) 50 '! 49 +& 205 '!!& 123 +< 57, 58, 171, 172 '!" 53 + 50 '! (. . >) 59, 197 +* (/) 45 '!& 125 + 131 '* 122, 124, 125, 129, 182, + 227 190 +& 79, 80, 160 '*< 94, 120, 141 +% 51, 52 '*# 71 + 162 '* (Bârlad) 48, 49, 59 + 162 '* :" 49 + 66, 67, 79 + 196, 197 + (Vah) . 28, 232, 233 +& 128, 167 + (+, +&) . 133 + 202 +& 145, 152 + & 145 + 29, 128, 228 +!* 128 + 76, 102 +* (Vltava) 73, 75 + . 39, 76, 86 +** 205 + 200 +* 186 +< (Warszawa) 193 +* (>!.) 181, 182 + (ÂÜóêïí) 208 +* 71 +& 222, 229 +*< 74 +# (Visurgis) . 40, 134, 135 +**& (Vărădia) 150, 175 + (=) 87 +**& !< 70 + 123, 194 +* 185 + &; 162 + # 74, 154, 155 / (. M< ) 198, 224, 226 + 154, 155 / 186 + 157 / 166 +!" 95 /& 15 + 134 / (Galai) 94, 104, 105, 107 + 53, 70, 72 / 69 +# 172, 212, 214 /& 79, 80 +"!" 175, 206 / 104 + (Viscla) 156, 157 / &; 104 +& 126 /& 37, 40, 78 + 11, 36, 51, 74, 78, 99, 149, 153-155, 159, /, / (/, /) 67 173, 179, 193, 220, 221, 227 / (Galtis) 68, 69, 71 + 186 / (Gana) 55 +!/ +! (Visula) 28, 78, 90, 136, 153, / 94, 107, 120 154, 157, 174, 192, 227 / ('!;) 92, 94-96, 103-105,

259 118 :! (Danubius) 156 / 56 :& 45, 128, 165, 190, 191, 202, 203, 230 /! (ÃÝíïõêëá) 32, 92-94, 102, 105, 113, :" Dasmini/ Dasmiani, Äïýóìáíåò 206 116, 118 : 10 /& 69 : 213 /& 34 :& T 34 / 196 :/ :!" 212 /"& 190 : 181, 188 /"& 37, 56, 130, 203 : 162 /" 229 : 43 / (Ãåôñßíáò) 233 : ( :) 216, 217, 221 / (ÃåôñéóôÜïõò) 233 :$ 43 § d / !& (Ãåô í ñçìíá) 92 :; 128 / 166 :" 186 /#% 65 : 175 / 219, 220 : (ÄéíéóêÜñôá) 93 /; 168 :&/ :& (ÄéíïãÝôåéá) 93, 94, /" 56 103, 105, 141 /"& 56 : (. ') 33, 34, 114, 115, / 72, 73 137 / (/) 66, 73 :* 9, 10, 11, 13, 65, 67, 73, 79, 101, 102, / (/), . 'H<& / 66 110, 137, 138, 141, 143, 160, 161, 174, 193, /&" . 196 225, 228 /&" * 74 :* 14, 36, 51, 66, 67, 96-99, 101-103, /&" @ 226, 232 107, 119, 120, 137, 138, 140, 142, 154, 159, / =! 185 187, 220 / 190 : (Doblin) 55 / #& 151, 152, 190 : 52 / & 145, 157 :, . 185 / ?, .. 64 :< "% 166 / / *"< 224 :!; passim / : *"< 224 :!; P*/'!; 32, 92, 96, 98, s / (Ãñá êïò) 130 105, 107, 110 / 198 : 146, 175 / 125, 129 : =! 185 Ü / (Ãñéãé ðáíá) 129 : / 65 /& (<) 219, 220 : #& 93, 100, 141, 165, 168, 233 /& 129 : & 143, 151, 192 /*& 30, 219 :"Q 162 /.".; 181, 188 : 138, 142 : 11 :& passim : (=) 199 Ü :" (Ä ëìáôáò) 54 : 88, 89, 91, 135 :"& 14 :; >! 151 :* 136, 156, :" 182 :* 136, 156 : 186

260 :" (Äñáóßìáñêá) 194 T . 233 : (ÄñåóíåÞê) 195 T! 60, 77, 202 : 86, 175 T*!< 186 : & 187 :! (:.), :! 73, 232 57 :& 166 *! 131 :!/ :! passim '! 10, 36, 38, 50, 51 :! 92 : 79, 80 :!!< # 33 220 :! (Duria) 142 " (Zemplén) 88, 90 :!!" (>) 32, 36, 112 34 :* 28 (. ' ) 137 186 & 27, 139 181 ¡ (Å îåéíïò ðoíôïò) 29 "& 34 " 65 134 190, 194 ", ; 186, 187 (Iglia) 96, 118 (Ogre) . 203, 226 #" 44 (Aegissos), < 117, 118 " (F") 52, 150, 151 # 166 15, 78, 91, 160, 194 113 & 14, 135, 157 (, ) 9, 11, 37, 39, 40, 46, 50, 51, " 51 54, 55, 57, 73, 74, 76, 78, 86, 89, 90, 119-121, 227 132, 159, 160, 201-203, 226 ! 96 51 (!H) 115 186 72 % ($) 52 120 & (Aeningia) 153, 227 ! 100 187, 188, 210 * 31, 44, 79 52, 188 & 32, 34-36, 42, 45, 92, 107-109, 111- . 137 113, 115, 116, 177, 192 !" 95 *, (:!) 30, 34, 35, 38, 39, 48, "& 115 49, 58, 73, 78, 92, 94, 102, 107, 108, 113, 116, () 124 145, 167, 170, 205 / () 169 - 11, 24 & 27 & 15, 17, 91, 143 " . 181, 182 "!" 131 X! (Ieterus, F) 203, 222 ! (*) 79, 143, 177, 203, 222 X& 29 , * 222 / 211-213, 217 T# 123 126, 127, 190 T & 181 122, 123 T&# 166 ! (Cagul) 95, 101, 104, 105 T 171 32-36, 42, 43, 93, 111, 112, 114, 195

261 $ 222 &; 128 "& " 204, 206 (ÊïÜóôá) 215 " 166, 168 (.) 197 " . 224 (Y) 123 & 15 !! (Cogurlui) 99, 107 (Êáðáííôóá) 165 * (Cogalnic, H) 97, 98, 105, !!" (Capedunum) 165 156 (Capidava, Êáðéäáõá, Êáðéäáâá) # 162 34, 1645, 166 & 187 !& (Êáðéóôïõñíá) 164 51 " (Êáðóìáëâá) 165 73, 162 < (Kápos) . 167 " 181 ! :;" 115 (Congri) 131, 133 ! 166 ! (>) 97, 105 ;H 182 (.;), . " 29, 33 ! (Kara Su) 29, 30 & (. !) 146, 178 < . 146, 150, 175, 176, 183 124 27 (Koppan) 167 & 15, 29 (Kópany) 167 204 (Koppany) 167 !!" 95 () 167 / passim (>) 167 229 186 !" 164 ! (Êïðïýóôïñïò) 165 " . 33, 107 (Corin) 55 (ÊáóôåëëïâñÝôáñá) 202 & 187 ! 34 187, 188 100 % 181, 188 !% #. 44, 45, 48, 99, 101, 107 " 123 70 128 Ý (Ê äñïò) . 31 175 & 187 222 (Cerbatis) 33 Q 122, 125, 129 27 ; :& 177, 190, 201, 203 108, 212, 214 & 125 174 167 =!/ =!& 15, 67 , =! 222 # 197 & 166 187 < . 45, 165, 167 (Cylipenum) 153, 227 !" 182 & 99, 103 211 (. ) 188, 189, 212 181 s (Êå ñéò) 32 !" 128 # 99 ! (Cuppe, Êïýðïõò) 165 #. 99, 101 !& ;< 173 !; 62 !

262 ! . 190 146 !<" 206 30 *"*! . 195 ", ", " , " 44, 52, *!< (Căpu) 167 53 * (Câra) 190 ", . 52 .; 30 , 61 60, 61 47 ! (Lotru) 60, 61, 90 (ËáâÝñéïí) 45 66 (, ) 44 ! 168 45 !!< 167 90 ! 198, 224 ! (ËÜâïõôæá) 45 ! 46, 47 50, 51 !, 77, 78 , ; #. 51, 52 ! 66 " 52 * (. . @** (Făcăieni) 61 153, 227 * (Latceni) 61 ! 57 H 66 61, 63 . 86, 133 , 60, 61 . 126 (Ëáôáñéêßïí) 61 60, 61 182 (Ëáôáñêíïí) 61 215 (mutatio Latina) 58 56, 57, 199 61, 62 43 (Latoria) 60, 61, 88, 90 & 31, 33, 35, 109, 113, 116, 125, 126, (Latris) 153, 222, 227 128, 135, 143, 187, 188, 192, 201, 212, 217, 222 226 46, 47 27 #. 46, 47 #& 15, 24, 27, 29, 188, 211, 212 () 51 (Malianda) 139 (. !*) 146, 166, 175, 186 178 =!, . =! 185 N "! 57 >& (Ìéêñ Óêõèßá) 30, 34, 36, 93, 215 119, 137, 141, 164, 177 128, 130 @ 226, 232, 233 205 *#<& 208 34 % 198, 224 !& 45 (Maro) Marus 112 & 15 ! (Margus) 123 28 169 61 , & (!<, <) 48, 170, , Litava (Litva) 61-63, 76 219, 220 175 (D) 19, 169, 204, 208 , =#; 45 & 139

263 , . 134 !, . 203 218 162 (Măcin) 117 **Q 151 '!; 92 . 134 ;& 34, 35 & 187 (<) 49, 52, 68, 190, 191, 206, 211 229 170 ! 86 (ÍÜðïõêá) 164, 167 # 113 79, 80 þ (Ìåñ ðç) 181, 183-185 164 "&/ "& 139, 217 ! 74 < 131 186 % 182 ", . 10 181, 182, 186 , 189, 226 !" 95 #& 17, 30, 36, 54, 64, 68, 69, 71, 90, 113, (Nicae) 213 117, 118, 120, 124, 129, 132, 134, 135, 143, & 211 N r 144, 146, 148, 151, 158, 167, 192, 197, 198, (Ìéêñ Í êáéá), . D$ 213 200, 218 "& (. #") 216 219, 220 108 (Misna) 55 53, 222 % +&#! 112 ! 120 (Malva) 165 226, 233 " (+) 21, 205, 225 233 (Mogilina) 55 < 128, 129 (Μόδρα) 86 < 128, 129 49, 52, 70, 72, 172, 229 & 99 231 & 41 . 18, 135, 179, 190, 194, 198, 224, M 141 226, 228 + 51 & 15 (>Q) 61 72 !!"/ ! 95, 136, 156, 157 162 195 þ , (Ì ôñåóåò) 90 !H 132, 161 ! (Motru) 77, 202 " " 214 !Q 208 ! 51, 55 186 !& 20, 36, 44, 49, 51, 52, 59, 64, 69, 35, 102, 111, 195 70, 72, 142-144, 147, 150, 151, 170, 171, 173, / 11, 37, 46, 50, 51, 74, 87, 119, 153, 176, 229 156, 159, 193, 200, 221, 226-228, 232 !< 70, 71, 89, 142, 143, 147, 152, 163, (Odrava) 226 164 228 ! 157 , 228 ! #. 136, 156, 157 228 ! 186 35, 109, 117, 211, 212, 217

264 228 22, 125, 189 9, 73, 131-133, 160, 161, 174 212 %< (%!<) Olaherkes 176 & 14, 58, 64, 88, 100, 101, 140, 143, & 110, 113 148, 152, 171, 219 " 186 " >! 53 48, 49, 57, 58, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 69, 74, 48, 49 ™ 77, 79, 171, 176, 184, 189, 197, 198, 203, 206 ! (Ðáñíï óôá) 126, 127 (Wëòýíè) 58, 64 184 (Wëòýíèöà) 58, 64 (Parsęta) 193 & 20, 44, 59, 61, 62, 64, 90, 147, 176, 34 197, 202 (Parthiscus) 145 (Wëòåö) 58, 64 186 #. 33, 36, 58, 65 . 172 " 58, 64 (Pathissum) 142 " 64 < 225, 229 " 64 Q 225, 229 & 58, 64 (Ðáôñßäáõá) 228, 229 121 $& 15 , () 101-103, 105, 120 % (Pahra) 132, 161 88 95, 154, 218 167 96 164, 166 (Pegnitz) 199 166 & 127 " (’ÏñãÜìç) 107, 115 "< 133 (’Ïñäåóóóò) 38, 48, 170 & &; 66 % 128 &&* 65 208 125, 126, 213, 217 95 125, 126 212 (ÐåñðåñÜêéïí), 182, 183 166 181-183 I ( Ïóêéïò), Uscus) 207 (Petra) 201, 229 " /Q (. . /Q) 203 #/ (Ðåôñíæçí) 230 " ! (. ) 203 (Ðåôñéôæóò) 230 " 204, 206 . (Petricica) 229-231 E ( Ïóôáêóò) 213, 216, 217, 221 < (Petris) 229 I $ ( Ïóôáöïò) 213 (Ðåôñoäáõá) 228, 229 #!" 213, 217, 221 < (Petrosani) 229 *" 195, 203, 205, 206 128 % %& 193 & 229 , (Ðõñåôoò) 170, 172 186 & 113 " 166 58 (Ðáëáóôóëïí) 78, 79 Q . 174 (Ðáëáôíïëïí) 78, 79 & 127 (Palathka) 62 80 (Újpalota, Neupalota), '% 80 80

265 80 !* 171 * 80 & 125 80 * (Păltineni) 80 80 *< (Păltini) 80 53 *! (Păltinul) 80 < (Øéëóí) 99 & ]"!! 49 "* 168 ; 168 = (Rednitz) 199 ; 21 =! 171 & 49 = (Riedigost) 201 9, 13, 20 =" 173 91 =" . 173 Q& (Polatitea) 80 =; 206 "& 53 =#" (=#") #. 109, 115 10, 13 =! (‘Ñáêïýëç) 177 229 =" 175 () 18, 79 = (‘ÑÜóïò) 193 73, 79 = 193, 193 &; 72, 80 = (Rasia) 193 *"< 224, 225, 229 = . 194 (Połtew) 66, 79 = 190, 191, 192 (Peltew, Połtwa) 79 = 194 (Poltua) 79 = 194 " '!% 227 = 194 / " 99, 136, 163, 212, 214, = 44 216, 221 = (. : .) ! (Pons Aluti) 59, 60, 63 = 201 113 = 202 48 = (. Ratzeburg) 46 Q 171 = 202 / (!) 36, 95, 170 =! 180 !" 97, 98, 131 =& 200 181 =< 190-194 (!<", Êóøìèöà) 206 =< & 193 & :!< 49 =< (‘ÑÜóïâïí) 194 % 86 = (Rega) 179, 180 186 =!" (Regianum) 177 & 10, 65 = (Regina) 177 Q 128 = 56 ! 128 =# 199 197, 209, 212, 213, 215, 216 = 37, 40, 48, 56, 57, 76, 78, 121, 160, 203 ! 36, 48, 96, 97, 103, 107, 120, 131, 134, = 176 154, 157, 159, 187, 220 = (Recidiva) 175 38 =" (Remessiana) 129, 194 !" 53 =, . 190, 191 !! () 210, 211, 217 = 132

266 =& 56 > 38 =& 145 > 166 =! 197 ># 208 = . 48 > 207, 208, 209 =# (+) 109, 205, 225 > 208 = . 38 >- (';) 209 = 127, 169, 181, 184-187, 203, 208, 222 >; 209 = 34 > 208 ="& 143 > 209 ="! 86 > (>), >- 31 = 185, 186 >& 43 = . (Ropa) 186, 187 >", >" 212, 213, 217 = . (=) 185 >" 29 =, = 185 >"! (>"<) 171, 204 = (. D) 185 > . 50, 133, 154 = () 185 > . 181 = (:) 185 > % 181, 187 = ". 185 >"& 28, 37, 38, 74, 130, 132, 149, 154, = (Ropczice) 187 155, 157, 166, 192 = 222 >" (' ") 154, 155 = (Rotava) 199 >"#! 90, 178 =<& 45 >& 153 =! (ðóëéò ‘Ñïýãéïí) 179 > / 215 =!, Rugiland 179 >Q () 195 =!#" 182 > : 138, 140 =! (‘Ñïõêoíéïí) 176 > " 37, 48, 76, 133 =! 185 > #"& 65 =! 185 > 19 =! 185 >"& 217 =! 185 >" 175 =! 185 > 166 =! 185 > 52, 58, 177, 178, 190 =!, . . =! 185 > 162 =! 182, 185-187 >, >& 49 =! " 196 > 36, 48, 119, 120, 131, 229-231 =! 59 >, >, >& (Óåóôóò, Sestos) 215 =!& (=), . - =. 178, 179, 181 >! 71, 80 =***! 49 > (>!) 78, 79 =**<& (Racădia) 175 >#& 14, 162 =*< (Raca) 194 >!!" 58 =*< (Racani) 194 > 107 =. 180, 220 >& 139 ’ =&% 168 > (Óêáé í) 209 ’ ’ > (Óêáé ò ðïôáì ò) 209, 210 s > 44, 59 > (Óêáéá ðýëáé) 208, 209, 211 > . 51, 80, 88, 157 >"* (ÓêÜìáíäñïò), . 211

267 >"& (Scambria) 210, 211 226, 232 ># (Scandza) - 162, 179 . 169, 212 >& 41, 159, 179 107 > (ÓêÜñåò) 211 232 >! (Óêáñéùôáóáëïýêñá) 210 232 > (Óêáñßðáñá) 210 168 > (*) 195 (Ôéáãüëá) 99 > (ÓêõôéÜò) 34 (>) 170 >& 73, 108, 111, 137, 143, 170 (Ôßâéóéò) 49, 57, 58 > 107 150, 169, 170 > 196 !" 175 > 204 Tegra, Tegris, Tigris, (Ôßãñá) 134 > 204 ! 38 >!& 46, 47 "< (Timis) 49, 58, 150 >" 123 " 44, 86, 128, 202 >; . 161, 173, 174 212 > 208, 209 212 >! 58 & 139 >"< (Samus) 131, 132 (:*) 36, 38, 39, 92, 94, 97, 98, 131, >"" 112 () 14, 48, 70, 72, 86, 87, 89-91, > 204 130, 133, 142-149, 151-156, 159, 160, 179, 228 >#" :& 177, 190, 191, 203 & (Tisia) 73, 157 >#" " 214, 217 91 >" 52 88 >* 122, 123, 190, 194 " (Tomos) 29, 30, 32-34, 36, 42, 114 > 190, 203, 222 # (!;) 207, 208, 211, 213 > 222 . 204 > (. !) 133 166 > 186 168 > 27 . 39, 86 >; 185, 186, 208, 209, 212, 213, 216 212 >" 125-127, 186, 205 : 213 >!" 122, 125, 127, 129, 139, 181 ' ('$) 212, 213, 214, >! 79 216 >&" 204 D 181, 188, 189, 205, 215, >! 34 217, 226 >!!" 131 & 17, 22, 68, 91, 102, 108, 110, 111, 124, >! . 130 137, 143, 159, 164, 165, 169, 175, 187, 196, >! . 39 207-210, 212, 214, 217, 218, 222, 227 >! 143, 175 (Transalba) 44, 45 >! 67 & 57-59, 69, 71, 72, 167, 173, 176, 189, 197, 198, 229 107 #" (Troesmis) 117, 118 (:) 113, 164 $!!" 229 () . 50 209, 211

268 #" (Trosmis) . @!< 123 !< (Trotus) 229-232 @**< 170, 189 & 43, 209, 210 @** (Făcăieni) 61 & . 203 !; 225 D 57, 76 !#! 197 D# %, D#& 67, 174 ! 117 D 27 !; (#) 19, 169, 208, 210, 213 D" 212 ! 141 D" (Halmyris) 115 *! !< (Târgu Trotu) 231 D! . 39 *< 151 D (×áðÝôéêéïí) 182 ’ * 197 D (‘Áñðçóó ò) 181, 182 * 225 D (×áñðÝôéêéïí) 182 .& 40, 43 D, D* () 139, 165, 181, 182, 186-189, 207, 210-212 ? (?) ?; 90 D (:) 214, 215 ? (Ugra) 69, 124, 131-133, 161 D" 32, 57, 197, 205, 206, 218, 225, 226, 231, ?< 64, 173, 177 233 ?; (T!) 90 D"" 177, 207, 208, 210, 212, 217, 233 ?; 165 D"! 113, 203, 222, 226 ?#" 227 D& 43 ? (Ukra, Ucker) 124 D 198 G ? 9, 66 D" ( Çñìïò) 181, 182 ?"!" 58 D& 113 ?"! 52, 53 D& 215 ?& 15 D (>) 94, 95 ? (Ungra) 69, 71 D 182 ?!" 131 D (E; '!) . 38 ?!" (Uscudama) 207, 208, 210-212, 217 D (‘ÕðåñðåñÜêéïí) 182 ? 229 D& 27 ?% 76 D 166 ?! (+) 100, 203, 222 D& 208 ?< 166 DQ 86, 121, 122, 133 D" 69, 74 @ (Feldioara) 74 D& 79 @ 169, 181, 182, 187, 188 D" 70 @ 196 D! 91 @& 212, 214 D! 69 @/ 212 D* 71, 80, 197, 198 @ 38 D*< 33, 107 @! 121 @!!# (Flutausis) @!# (Flautasis) ! (Cius fl.) 168 73, 75, 156, 157 * 52 @ 27 @ 181 M (Ceaga) 99 @& (Öñáôåñßá) 202 M (Celei) 79

269 M 80 E 168, 169 M 182, 185 E 212 M . 29, 99 E - 39 M 29 E& 37, 121, 122, 135 M 122, 125 M " 196, 197 F;->H 28 M *" 203 F; 28 M ", M" passim F 28 M* 171 F 28 M< 224, 226 F; 28 M! . 231 F 28 F 28 ] 125 F (Javorniki) 28 ] 121 F 28, 232 ]#-DQ 37, 39, 40, 43 F 28 ] 180 F 28 ] # 227 F! #. 44, 45, 48, 99, 101 F! . 44, 104 P 98 F 195, 203, 222-225, 229, 231 § F (’Éáôñ í) 222 E; '! 110, 137, 138, 199 F, F! 32, 61, 222, 227

270

27 (LL .) 27, 38, 39, 126, 127, 226 (270–275) 69 108 (VL .) 56 % 143 * 111, 112 27 41 70, 84 " '" (LD .) 163, 201, 227 167 % 87, 89 " 43 114, 115 173 93, 103, 104 !% 101, 102, 104 (. DV– . DVL .) 163 () 34, 35, 42, 110 * LLL (+) 14, 41, 90, 91, 100 42, 111, 126, 206, 226 %!" () 70, 72, 178 "< 84 '! 182 $ + 121, 220 '" 67 " 144, 145, 147, 149, 207 ' 62 " 212 ' L 173 " 230 ' : (';), ' 100 40, 76, 180 ' 102 '; (Boz) 137 LL 59 ' L (&#) 193 * 127 '! 181 $ 111 '! 36, 114, 135 181 + 169 181, 182, 187 + (364–375) 40 42 + LL 126 (LLL . . D.) 48 + 117, 118 = 123 +! 41-43, 121, 227 % 145 +#" 219 218 +%" & 122 171, 172 + 67, 137 27, 42 + 117

271 +" >& 174 , (ΖõñÜîçò) 32, 33, 92, 93, + D 174 114, 116, 117, 119, 195 +!!$ 137 111, 112 +& 161, 174 110, 119 / 152 121 / D 32, 33, 36, 92, 113, 114, (610–641) 141, 160 116 > (VLL .) 56, 57 / > ! 128 X 61 /% 219 X !# 182-184 /! (Gelou) 167 X 9, 47, 63, 68-73, 75, 100, 120, 136, / 62 137, 140, 153, 154, 156, 157, 162, 179, 207, / 182 211, 218-220, 222 / 70-72, 178 X$ 41 / ! 118 "% 48 / +!# 188, 212, 217 100 /< 87 # 40 / 117 56 /! 218 + 41, 75, 87 : (ΔÜðõî) 31-33, 36, 41, 92, 116, 195 181 : L (522–486) 35, 108, 119, 124, 169 + (Keanus Magnus) 91 : 17, 66, 198 (359-341 . . D.) 110, 217 : 219, 220 127 : 33 (268–270) 68 :" 43 29 : 181, 187 " (LL .) passim : (249–251) 68, 218, 219 68, 218, 219 :#% (:) 100, 101 #" ; 232 : > 35, 164 " 171 : (286–305) 40 144 : 31, 36, 92-94, 113, 116, 152, 195, ' 65, 66, 193 206, 218, 219, 226 + (306–337) 79, 143, 144, : 43 152, 169, 178, 219 : (LL .) 48, 49 LV 100, 101, 104 :"% 113 LL (337–361) 144, 145, 152 144 209, 211 48 42, 110, 119 39, 207 L (383–359 . . D.) 109, 110, 181, 180 205, 217, 225 171 % 172 $ 27 !" 70, 72 "! 100 215 T$ H +! 100 126, 127 " 111, 112, 119 & :!# 163 # 145, 147, 152 #"% 35, 111, 127 $*145 L 62

272 LL 62 * 172 , , 61, 62 29, 214, 215 143, 169 172 (Loborcy) 91 189 ! 41 > (L . . D.) 9, 29, 31, 34, 38, ! " @ 117, 118 39, 137, 139, 142, 149, 153, 154, 158, 162, 164, * L (457-474) 100 187, 189, 203, 212, 214, 222, 227, 232 . ' (814–840) 87, 88 " 123 &% 14 (LL .) 209-211 . + 163 " 164 (582–602) 9, 21, 41, 79, 81, 91, 140, " 38, 39 141, 171 27, 215, 216 (161–180 . . D.) 137, 143, " (L . . D.) 48 218 172, 178 31-33, 36, 54, 92, 94, 114, *; $ # 170 116-118, 129, 158, 195, 198, 201, 206, 226 9, 30, 34, 41, 86, 115, + !! 36, 113, 211, 217 126, 129, 136, 140, 175, 190, 191, 194, 206, 42 208, 230 42, 110 " 170 110 " (LL–L . . D.) 29, 43, 212, L (407–386 . . D.) 217 214, 215 105 & 221 VL (121–63 . . D.) 32, =" 161, 174 36, 113, 119 =! ! 173 O % LL 182 = (‘Ñ ïò) 218, 219 113, 119 = (‘ÑÜðôïò) 218, 219 ! 172 =!, =! 181, 187 164 =!#" 143 ! 121 =" 111, 112, 119 $ % 101, 102 =" L 117 þ 181, 187 = (‘Ñ ëçò) 31, 32, 36, 116, 117 32, 117, 118 =! 179 * 100 =!" 145 ! (27 . . D. – 14 . . D.) =! 14 117, 118, 163, 181, 187 >. " 218, 219 " 108 > 152 & 216 > (Salanus) 91 (&#) 174 > (>) 35 " 27 > 120 "! 70, 72, 87, 88, 91 > 181 $ 186 > 162 68, 218-220 > L (424–407 . . D.) 35, 109, 217 # 143 > LLL 35, 111 164 > 61, 173 * 79, 81 >" L (893–927) 72

18 & ", L () 273 >" 226 @ (244–249) 68 > (445–424 . . D.) 35, 108, 109, 125, @ LL (359–336 . . D.) 34, 126, 206 35, 42, 110, 126, 189, 206, 211, 217, 226 > 108, 109, 119 @ (Flavius Moco) 196 > 215 @ (601–610) 141 > 137, 164 @ 68 > 188 @ 217 >$ +# (VLL .) 30, 31, 137, 196, @" 112, 119 209, 210, 212-215 @ 145 >$ L (Q) 70, 72, 178 D# (VLL . . D.) 169 > 29, 34, 46, 125, 135, 142, 154, 187, D (. 540–478 . . D.) 208-215 115, 209, 222, 223, 224 9, 39, 121, 149, 153, 158, 162, 179 D 196, 209 LL (379–395) 152 D* 137 $ # 102, 102 D! 42 $ >! (DVLL .) 76 D" 69, 70, 72, 136, 140, 156, 157, $ >" 41, 79, 81, 171, 200 179 213 D"/ D" 42, 43 L 108 D 100 54, 188 D 137, 153, 222, 233 " 54 D 21, 35, 42, 48, 108, 123, 124, 169, 170, & 16, 17, 49, 58, 138, 151, 159, 163, 179, 189, 195, 196, 222 229 D ? 214, 215 68 D" 144 ! 109, 124, 125, 129 D! 175, 178 ?#$ 145 # 32, 187 ?! 100 M% 14 @< 61 ]" # 84 @ 212 E L (527–565) 136, 141, 175, 230

274 I ()

, ISBN 978–954–9493–08–5

70/110/16 18