The Map of Roman Dacia in the Recent Studies
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From Woods and Water to the Gran Bazaar: Images of Romania in English Travelogues After Wwi
LINGUACULTURE 2, 2015 FROM WOODS AND WATER TO THE GRAN BAZAAR: IMAGES OF ROMANIA IN ENGLISH TRAVELOGUES AFTER WWI ANDI SÂSÂIAC Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Abstract Although globalization brings different countries and cultures in closer and closer contact, people are still sensitive when it comes to aspects such as cultural specificity or ethnicity. The collapse of communism and the extension of the European Union have determined an increase of interest in Romania’s image, both on the part of foreigners and of Romanians themselves. The purpose of this paper is to follow the development of Romania’s image in English travelogues in the last hundred years, its evolution from a land of “woods and water” in the pre-communist era to a “grand bazaar” in the post- communist one, with clear attempts, in recent years, to re-discover a more idyllic picture of the country, one that should encourage ecological tourism. The article is also intended to illustrate the extra-textual (historical, economic, cultural) factors that have impacted, in different ways, on this image evolution. Key words: image, cliché, stereotype, travel writing, travelogue, history, power relations Introduction According to Latham jr. (25), immediately after WWI, Romania remained a subject of interest to the English-speaking world because of its war debts and because it was a member of the Little Entente (also comprising Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia). Both the cultural and political life of Romania and its relations with the Western countries took a rather paradoxical turn after the accomplishment of the long standing ideal of Romanian unity in 1918. -
A Daciai Északi Limes-Szakasz Nyugati Felének Főbb Kutatási Eredményeiről
Ferenczi István A daciai északi limes-szakasz nyugati felének IĘbb kutatási eredményeirĘl Az 1965—66., 1968—69. és 1984—85. évi terepkutatásaink eredményei megerĘsíteni látszanak egy korábbi nézetet. Eszerint a VeceltĘl (Miciától) északra feltételezhetĘ képzeletbeli római határszakasz nagyjában az Erdélyi Középhegység észak-déli irányú fĘ vízválasztóját követte. Az ettĘl a nem túlságosan kanyargós vonaltól nyugatra fekvĘ földkéreg-szerkezeti (tektonikus) medencékben (a Fehér-Körös-medence KĘrösbányáig nyúló felsĘ, keleti részétĘl eltekintve) pillanatnyilag semmi biztos római erĘdítési, települési nyom (épületmaradvány, feliratos emlék) nem ismeretes. A 60—120 km széles Erdélyi Középhegység hajdanában ĘserdĘk fedte, nyugati szegélyén általában nagyon meredeken fölmagasodó óriás sasbérc (horszt) terjedelmes akadályövezete szükségtelenné tette a római Dacia nyugati végeinek e szakaszon való különösebb megerĘsítését. A .Ęrösbánya—Brád—Abrudbánya—Aranyosbánya—Zalatna környéki aranytermĘ vidék azonban természetesen részét alkotta Dacia provincia középsĘ-nyugati felének. Noha már ezen a tájon is megtettük az elsĘ, puhatolózó lépéseket, e területsáv római kori védelmének kérdése — egyelĘre — továbbra is rejtély számunkra. Kibogozása légi felderítéssel, fényképezéssel összekötendĘ aprólékos terepjárások felderítĘ munkájától remélhetĘ. A. nagyjában a Găina (1486 m), Nagy-Bihar (1848 m) és Vigyázó (1836 m) „hegyvonulaton” végighúzható vonal ez utóbbi lapos tetejétĘl menedékesen északnak ereszkedve a sebesváralji (? RESCVLVM) római tábortól 3—4 km-re -
Reflections of Roman Imperialisms
Reflections of Roman Imperialisms Reflections of Roman Imperialisms Edited by Marko A. Janković and Vladimir D. Mihajlović Reflections of Roman Imperialisms Edited by Marko A. Janković and Vladimir D. Mihajlović This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Marko A. Janković, Vladimir D. Mihajlović and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0625-8 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0625-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations .................................................................................... vii List of Tables ............................................................................................... x Reflecting Roman Imperialisms .................................................................. 1 Vladimir D. Mihajlović & Marko A. Janković Lost and (re)found? The Biography of Some Apparently Roman Artefacts in Ireland .................................................................................... 30 Michael Ann Bevivino Rural Society on the Edge of Empire: Copper Alloy Vessels in Roman Britain Reported through the Portable Antiquities Scheme ...................... -
The Discourse on Humour in the Romanian Press Between 1948-1965
SLOVO, VOL. 31, NO. 2 (SUMMER 2018), 17-47 DOI: 10.14324/111.0954-6839.081 The Discourse on Humour in the Romanian Press between 1948-1965 EUGEN CONSTANTIN IGNAT University of Bucharest INTRODUCTION Once the official proclamation of the Romanian People’s Republic takes place, on the 30th of December 1947, the process of imposing new cultural values on society gradually permeates all areas of Romanian social life. Humour also becomes part of this process of transforming the social and cultural life, often regarded as a powerful weapon with which to attack ‘old’ bourgeois mentalities. According to Hans Speier, the official type of humour promoted by an authoritarian regime is political humour, which contributes to maintain the existent social order, or plays its part in changing it – all depending on those holding the reins over mass- media.1 Taking the Soviet Union as a model, the Romanian new regime imposes an official kind of humour, created through mass-media: the press, the radio, literature, cinematography, and television. This paper analyses the Romanian discourse on humour, reflected in the press, between 1948-1965,2 in cultural magazines3 such as Contemporanul (1948-1965), Probleme de 1 Hans Speier, ‘Wit and politics. An essay on laughter and power,’ American Journal of Sociology, 103 (1998), p.1353. 2 This period represents the first phase in the history of the communist regime in Romania. After a transitional period (1944-1947), the year 1948 marks the establishment of the communist regime in Romania. Through a series of political, economic, social, and cultural measures, such as the adoption of a new Constitution, banning of opposition parties, nationalization of the means of production, radical transformation of the education system or ‘Sovietisation’ of culture, the new regime radically transforms Romanian society. -
Romanian Literature Intoday'sworld
Journal of World Literature 3 (2018) 1–9 brill.com/jwl Romanian Literature in Today’s World Introduction Delia Ungureanu University of Bucharest and Harvard University [email protected] Thomas Pavel University of Chicago [email protected] What remains of a literature written and published for nearly half a century under a dictatorial regime? Will it turn out to be just a “‘parenthesis’ in history, meaningless in the future and unintelligible to anyone who did not live it”? So asks a major Romanian comparatist who chose exile in 1973, Matei Călinescu, quoting literary critic Alexandru George’s open letter to another preeminent figure of Romanian exile, Norman Manea. “What will last, indeed, of so many works written precisely to last, to bypass the misery and shame of an immediate nightmarish history?” (247). And how will this totalitarian legacy affect the present-day literature and its circulation and reception on the international market today? Călinescu concludes his 1991 article by placing his bet on “the young gener- ation of Romanians, less affected by the Ceaușescu legacy than their parents,” a generation that is “spontaneously inclined toward Europe, democracy and pluralism,” and includes “the young writers who call themselves ‘postmodern.’” (248). Quoting The Levant, a major epic in verse by Mircea Cărtărescu, the lead- ing figure of this generation, Călinescu trusts that “It is on such trends—which might well coalesce into a major new style equaling in importance the phe- nomenon of magical realism of the last forty years or so—that one could base one’s fondest hopes for the cultural future of Romania and of the newly liber- ated Eastern Europe as a whole” (248). -
Commagenorum
CASTELUL DE LA CAPUT STENARUM ŞI COHORS I FLAVIA COMMAGENORUM Cristian SCHUSTER* Fortificaţia de la Boiţa/Caput Stenarum Înainte de a părăsi Transilvania, Oltul face un unghi de aproape 90 de grade, pornind apoi spre sud, prin Carpaţii Meridionali, devenind ulterior „graniţa” dintre Oltenia şi Muntenia. Chiar în dreptul respectivului cot, pe malul drept al râului, investigaţiile arheologice au permis descoperirea resturilor unei fortificaţii romane. Acestea, aflate în punctul cunoscut sub denumirea În Rude (fig. 1), se găsesc astăzi pe teritoriul satului Boiţa (oraşul Tălmaciu, judeţul Sibiu)1. Aşa cum se ştie, cei mai mulţi dintre specialişti consideră că în acest sat trebuie localizat ceea ce Tabula Peutingeriana indică a fi Caput Stenarum2. Prezenţa urmelor romane a fost semnalată încă de la sfârşitul veacului al XIX-lea - începutul celui următor3. Primele cercetări arheologice s-au derulat în 19574, fiind continuate în 19585, 19736, 19797 şi, în cadrul practicii arheologice a studenţilor de la Facultatea de Filologie-Istorie din Sibiu, în vara anului 19818. Fortificaţiei, prin dimensiunile sale reduse – „de 46 x 47 m, fiind, deci, aproape pătrată”9, i se potriveşte mai degrabă termenul de castellum decât cel de castrum. Cu privire la momentul ridicării fortificaţiei din piatră, dar şi a „termelor cu palestrele, tabulariului vămii şi construcţiile cu caracter gospodăresc” s-a emis ipoteza că ele au fost realizate „după anii 167-169 e.n., când s-a operat reorganizarea administrativă şi militară de către Marcus Aurelius”10. Spre această concluzie * Institutul de Arheologie „Vasile Pârvan” - Centrul de Tracologie, Bucureşti; e-mail: [email protected]. 1 Ghinea 1998. Despre denumirea În Rude a punctului, vezi: Albescu 1938, p. -
Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf
Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ..................................................................................................... -
The Roman Headquarters on the Northern Limes of Dacia: Porolissum (Jud
CORIOLAN HORAȚIU OPREANU · VLAD-ANDREI LĂZĂRESCU THE ROMAN HEADQUARTERS ON THE NORTHERN LIMES OF DACIA: POROLISSUM (JUD. SĂLAJ / RO) IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT RESEARCH POROLISSUM AND THE NORTH-WESTERN FRONTIER OF ROMAN DACIA The name Porolissum was considered of local origin, having been recorded in several ancient literary and cartographic sources 1 and also in Latin inscriptions found on the site 2. The strategic position of Porolissum (jud. Sălaj / RO) was based on the necessity of blocking and controlling the passage from the Western plain through one of the main natural access routes to inner Transylvania across the Meseş Mountains (fg. 1). Its military importance is also suggested by a high density of defence works consisting of two forts 3, a network of surveillance towers, as well as turf walls and clausura-type stone walls 4. The backbone of this military complex system was represented by the fort on the Pomăt Hill (230 m × 300 m) together with a smaller one situated in its immediate vicinity, on the Citera Hill (101 m × 67 m) 5. The fact that the fort at the Pomăt Hill is oversized, compared to other Roman auxiliary forts, is due not only to the number of attested troops but mainly because it was used as an operational and logistics command centre, as well as for stockpiling supplies. Fig. 1 Map of Roman Dacia. – (Map V.-A. Lăzărescu). Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 50 · 2020 225 Fig. 2 Old plan of the latus sinistrum of the fort at Porolissum. – (Compiled after Gudea 1989b, fgs 9. 16-17; graphic illustration V.-A. -
Georgiana Galateanu CV
GEORGIANA GALATEANU, a.k.a. FARNOAGA UCLA Department of Slavic, East European and Eurasian Languages and Cultures 322 Kaplan Hall, Box 951502, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1502 [email protected], tel. 310-825-8123 EDUCATION 1999 TESOL/CLAD/TEFL Certificate, UCLA Extension, Lifelong Education Department 1984 Ph.D. in Foreign Language Pedagogy, Foreign Languages Department, University of Bucharest, Romania 1969 M.A., English Language and Literature and Romanian Language and Literature, Foreign Languages Department, University of Bucharest, Romania 1967 B.A., English Language and Literature and Romanian Language and Literature, Foreign Languages Department, University of Bucharest, Romania EMPLOYMENT 1997 to present Continuing Lecturer, Romanian Language, Literature, and Civilization Dept. of Slavic, East European and Eurasian Languages and Cultures, UCLA Courses taught - Romanian 90, Introduction to Romanian Civilization - Romanian 152, Survey of Romanian Literature - Romanian 101 A-B-C, Elementary Romanian - Romanian 103, Intensive Elementary Romanian (Summer Session A) - Romanian 102 A-B-C, Advanced Romanian - Romanian 187 A-M, Advanced Language Tutorial Instruction in Romanian New courses – proposed, developed & taught - C&EE ST 91 (General Education/Central and East European Studies pre-requisite): Culture and Society in Central and Eastern Europe - M120 (Multi-listed Upper Division seminar): Women and Literature in Southeastern Europe - Fiat Lux seminar: Slavic 19. Politics and Literature in Eastern Europe - Applied Linguistics 119/219: -
Trade Contacts of Roman Dacia
TRADE CONTACTS OF ROMAN DACIA Mateusz Żmudziński Knowledge about trade contacts in Roman Dacia ond group, part of the lamps wear the mark of is possible thanks to the foreign-made objects their producers: Fortis, Armeni, Ianuari, Cassi, which are discovered on this ancient territory dur- Flavi, Strobili, Crescens, Lucius, Atimeti, Titus ing archaeological digs. Among others, these are (Băluţa 1977, 209-227; Băluţa 1986, 441-446, enamelled and terra sigillata potteries, oil lamps, Gudea 1989, 447-448; Gudea 1996, 333/2). Their jewels, art works and amphorae. Part of the am- later local imitations are very diffi cult to distin- phorae could have been delivered to the military guish from the original models and testify of the camps as annonae militaris. But we know for sure elimination of imports by a local production (Cf. that, like in other provinces, there was a trade of Roman 2006, 545-553). some groups of products which did not leave ar- The next group of imported goods are luxury table chaeological traces. It is the case of glass products dishes. Among them enamelled pottery should be from Britannia which are often mentioned in writ- mentioned fi rst. Usually, they were thin-shelled ten sources but seldom found, even fragmentarily and covered with a yellow-green coloured enamel (Cool 2003, 139-143). Apart from these objects, (Gudea 1989, 446, 858/1-3; Benea 2004, 203- many inscriptions have been found on the Da- 217). They were imported in little quantities from cian territory that indicate the presence of foreign so far unidentifi ed workshops most probably situ- merchants from other regions of the empire. -
The Remaking of the Dacian Identity in Romania and the Romanian Diaspora
THE REMAKING OF THE DACIAN IDENTITY IN ROMANIA AND THE ROMANIAN DIASPORA By Lucian Rosca A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Sociology Committee: ___________________________________________ Director ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Department Chairperson ___________________________________________ Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University, Fairfax, VA The Remaking of the Dacian Identity in Romania and the Romanian Diaspora A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at George Mason University By Lucian I. Rosca Bachelor of Arts George Mason University, 2015 Director: Patricia Masters, Professor Department of Sociology Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my thesis coordinators: Professor Patricia Masters, Professor Dae Young Kim, Professor Lester Kurtz, and my wife Paula, who were of invaluable help. Fi- nally, thanks go out to the Fenwick Library for providing a clean, quiet, and well- equipped repository in which to work. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ............................................................................................................... -
165 Years of Roman Rule on the Left Bank of the Danube. at The
92 Chapter III PROVINCIA DACIA AUGUSTI: 165 years of Roman rule on the left bank of the Danube. At the beginning of the 2nd century, in the Spring of 101AD, Roman Forces marched against the Kingdom of Decebal. We already know what the Roman's rationale was for starting this war and we also know that the real reason was likely to have been the personal ambition of the first Provincial Emperor, Trajan (he was born in Hispania a man of Macedonian background among Greeks). The Roman armies marched against a client-state of Rome, which was a subordinate ally of Rome. Decebal did not want to wage war against Rome and his recurring peace offers confirm this. It is unlikely that Trajan would only have decided on the total conquest of the Dacian Kingdom after he waged his first campaign in 101-102. After this, Roman garrisons were established in the Province - their ongoing presence is reflected by the Latin names of towns (as recorded by Ptolemy). At Dobreta they begin to build the stone bridge which will span the Danube. It was built in accordance with plans made by Apollodorus of Damascus to promote continuous traffic - it was an accomplishment unmatched - even by Rome. This vast project portends that Trajan began the expedition against Dacia in 101 with the intention of incorporating the Kingdom into the Roman Empire. The Emperor, who founded a city (Nicopolis) to commemorate his victory over Dacia, has embarked on this campaign not only for reasons of personal ambition. The 93 economic situation of the Empire was dismal at the beginning of Trajan's reign; by the end of the second Dacian War it has vastly improved.