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Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ...................................................................................................... ii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... x Dedication .......................................................................................................................... xi Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 – Barbaricum ...................................................................................................... 8 A. Geographical and political meaning of barbaricum. ................................................. 8 B. Character of information on barbaricum ................................................................. 13 I. Narrative sources ................................................................................................... 13 II. Historical texts...................................................................................................... 15 III. Inscriptions .......................................................................................................... 17 IV. Coins ................................................................................................................... 18 V. Artistic sources ..................................................................................................... 18 VI. Archaeological remains ...................................................................................... 19 C. History of barbaricum .............................................................................................. 20 D. Importance of the information ................................................................................. 40 Chapter 2 – Evidence for the Roman occupation of Southern Moravia ........................... 42 A. Primary sources ........................................................................................................ 44 I. Brick stamps .......................................................................................................... 53 B. Structures .................................................................................................................. 55 I. Two residential houses .......................................................................................... 60 II. Workshops ............................................................................................................ 62 III. The apsidal building ............................................................................................ 63 IV. Valetudinarium ................................................................................................... 64 V. Fortifications ........................................................................................................ 66 C. Local borrowings...................................................................................................... 70 D. Chronology............................................................................................................... 77 Chapter 3 – Creation of new provinces ............................................................................. 83 A. Pannonia ................................................................................................................... 83 I. History ................................................................................................................... 84 II. Archaeological evidence ...................................................................................... 86 III. Romanisation ...................................................................................................... 88 B. Dacia......................................................................................................................... 90 I. History ................................................................................................................... 92 II. Archaeology ......................................................................................................... 95 III. Romanisation .................................................................................................... 100 IV. The role of the Roman military ........................................................................ 104 Chapter 4 – Character of the Roman interaction with the barbarian neighbours............ 109 A. Political motives for annexation ............................................................................ 109 B. Was the area in a client relation with Rome? ......................................................... 110 C. The role of the military on the frontiers ................................................................. 119 I. General description of the Roman military along the Danube river. ................... 119 v II. A case of Tiberius Claudius Maximus ............................................................... 123 D. Commercial interaction: local and long distance ................................................... 127 E. Roman relationship with the externae gentes ......................................................... 131 F. The aftermath of the Marcomannic Wars ............................................................... 139 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 143 Appendix A ..................................................................................................................... 160 Appendix B ..................................................................................................................... 163 vi List of Figures Figure I.1 Map of the proposed province Marcomannia.(commons.wikipedia.com) ........ 2 Figure I.2 Map of Roman installations in southern Moravia. (Archeologický ústav AV ČR, Brno.v.v.i.) ......................................................................................................... 4 Figure 1.1. The Augustan Roman world in A.D. 8. (www.johndclare.net) ...................... 10 Figure 1.2. The Ludovisi sarcophagus 250-60; the Romans fighting the Goths. (flickr.com) .............................................................................................................. 19 Figure 1.3. Marobuduus’ kingdom. (jarnik.pise.cz) ......................................................... 24 Figure 1.4. Aureus of Domitian, Germania defeated. (www.romancoins.info) ............... 27 Figure 1.5. Antoninus Pius coin, Rex Quadis datus. (etudesanciennes.revues.org) ......... 29 Figure 1.6. Marcus Aurelius sestercius A.D. 172, Germania subacta. (etudesanciennes.revues.org) ................................................................................... 34 Figure 1.7. The Column of Marcus Aurelius, The miracle of the rain. (flickr.com) ........ 35 Figure 1.8. Marcus Aurelius sestercius A.D. 173, The miracle of the rain (edgarlowen.com) .................................................................................................... 36 Figure 1.9. The Laugaricio inscription. (vznadla.sk) ........................................................ 37 Figure 2.1 Mušov-Burgstall hill from the south. (www.rimskelegie.olw.cz) ................... 42 Figure 2.2 Top of the Mušov-Burgstall hill looking south towards the confluences of the rivers, now flooded by an artificial lake,
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