Measuring the Power of the Roman Empire
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Embassies – Negotiations – Gifts Bassies As a Basic Feature of International They Travel and How Far? Nechaeva Scru- Communication
This book offers an original approach to the status significance of such donations. GH 30 late Roman and early Byzantine diplo- Ambassadors, who embodied high-level macy as a system. Assessing both official diplomacy, delivered gifts, led talks, and Ekaterina Nechaeva and clandestine perspectives, Ekaterina mediated international dialogue. Who Nechaeva examines the working mech- were these envoys? How dangerous and anisms of this diplomatic machine and adventurous were their missions? What reveals the ‘block’ organization of em- were these expeditions like? How did Embassies – Negotiations – Gifts bassies as a basic feature of international they travel and how far? Nechaeva scru- communication. Negotiations were split tinizes these and further questions by Systems of East Roman Diplomacy in Late Antiquity into several phases and accompanied by investigating the practices of ambassa- elaborate protocol and rich ceremony. dorial business. Throughout the book the Gift exchange and the distribution of in- analysis of secret negotiations, the intelli- signia comprised a vital part of the diplo- gence system and spy activities of envoys, matic process. What were the semantics plots and political murders reveals the of these symbolic acts? The study accents shadowy side of diplomacy. Embassies – Negotiations – GiftsEmbassies – Negotiations www.steiner-verlag.de VSWG Alte Geschichte Geographica Historica 30 Franz Steiner Verlag Franz Steiner Verlag ISBN 978-3-515-10632-0 Ekaterina Nechaeva 9 7 8 3 5 1 5 1 0 6 3 2 0 Ekaterina Nechaeva Embassies – Negotiations – Gifts geographica historica Begründet von Ernst Kirsten, herausgegeben von Eckart Olshausen und Vera Sauer Band 30 Ekaterina Nechaeva Embassies – Negotiations – Gifts Systems of East Roman Diplomacy in Late Antiquity Franz Steiner Verlag Satz: Vera Sauer Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. -
The Roman Market Economy the Princeton Economic History of the Western World Joel Mokyr, Series Editor
The Roman Market Economy The Princeton Economic History of the Western World Joel Mokyr, Series Editor A list of titles in this series appears at the back of the book. The Roman Market Economy Peter Temin Princeton University Press Princeton & Oxford Copyright © 2013 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu Jacket art: Detail of cargo ship from road to market with trade symbols in mosaic. Roman, Ostia Antica near Rome Italy. Photo © Gianni Dagli Orti. Courtesy of Art Resource, NY. All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Temin, Peter. The Roman market economy / Peter Temin. p. cm. — (The Princeton economic history of the Western world) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-14768-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Rome—Economic conditions. 2. Rome—Economic policy. 3. Rome—Commerce. I. Title. HC39.T46 2013 330.937—dc23 2012012347 British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Adobe Caslon Pro Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Charlotte This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface and Acknowledgments ix 1. Economics and Ancient History 1 Part I: Prices Introduction: Data and Hypothesis Tests 27 2. Wheat Prices and Trade in the Early Roman Empire 29 3. Price Behavior in Hellenistic Babylon 53 Appendix to Chapter 3 66 4. Price Behavior in the Roman Empire 70 Part II: Markets in the Roman Empire Introduction: Roman Microeconomics 95 5. -
People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: the Evidence from Egypt
People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: The Evidence from Egypt KYLE HARPER The papyri of Roman Egypt provide some of the most important quantifiable data from a first-millennium economy. This paper builds a new dataset of wheat prices, land prices, rents, and wages over the entire period of Roman control in Egypt. Movements in both nominal and real prices over these centuries suggest periods of intensive and extensive economic growth as well as contraction. Across a timeframe that covers several severe mortality shocks, demographic changes appear to be an important, but by no means the only, force behind changes in factor prices. his article creates and analyzes a time series of wheat and factor Tprices for Egypt from AD 1 to the Muslim conquest, ~AD 641. From the time the territory was annexed by Octavian in 30 BCE until it was permanently taken around AD 641, Egypt was an important part of the Roman Empire. Famously, it supplied grain for the populations of Rome and later Constantinople, but more broadly it was integrated into the culture, society, and economy of the Roman Mediterranean. While every province of the sprawling Roman Empire was distinctive, recent work stresses that Egypt was not peculiar (Bagnall 1993; Rathbone 2007). Neither its Pharaonic legacy, nor the geography of the Nile valley, make it unrepresentative of the Roman world. In one crucial sense, however, Roman Egypt is truly unique: the rich- ness of its surviving documentation. Because of the valley’s arid climate, tens of thousands of papyri, covering the entire spectrum of public and private documents, survive from the Roman period (Bagnall 2009). -
Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire
HUNNIC WARFARE IN THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES C.E.: ARCHERY AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE A Thesis Submitted to the Committee of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Science. TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Laura E. Fyfe 2016 Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program January 2017 ABSTRACT Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire Laura E. Fyfe The Huns are one of the most misunderstood and mythologized barbarian invaders encountered by the Roman Empire. They were described by their contemporaries as savage nomadic warriors with superior archery skills, and it is this image that has been written into the history of the fall of the Western Roman Empire and influenced studies of Late Antiquity through countless generations of scholarship. This study examines evidence of Hunnic archery, questions the acceptance and significance of the “Hunnic archer” image, and situates Hunnic archery within the context of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. To achieve a more accurate picture of the importance of archery in Hunnic warfare and society, this study undertakes a mortuary analysis of burial sites associated with the Huns in Europe, a tactical and logistical study of mounted archery and Late Roman and Hunnic military engagements, and an analysis of the primary and secondary literature. Keywords: Archer, Archery, Army, Arrow, Barbarian, Bow, Burial Assemblages, Byzantine, Collapse, Composite Bow, Frontier, Hun, Logistics, Migration Period, Roman, Roman Empire, Tactics, Weapons Graves ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. -
Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity. -
A Case Study of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest and the Kalkriese Archaeological Site
The Culture of Memory and the Role of Archaeology: A Case Study of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest and the Kalkriese Archaeological Site Laurel Fricker A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF GERMANIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN April 18, 2017 Advised by Professor Julia Hell and Associate Professor Kerstin Barndt 1 Table of Contents Dedication and Thanks 4 Introduction 6 Chapter One 18 Chapter Two 48 Chapter Three 80 Conclusion 102 The Museum and Park Kalkriese Mission Statement 106 Works Cited 108 2 3 Dedication and Thanks To my professor and advisor, Dr. Julia Hell: Thank you for teaching CLCIV 350 Classical Topics: German Culture and the Memory of Ancient Rome in the 2016 winter semester at the University of Michigan. The readings and discussions in that course, especially Heinrich von Kleist’s Die Hermannsschlacht, inspired me to research more into the figure of Hermann/Arminius. Thank you for your guidance throughout this entire process, for always asking me to think deeper, for challenging me to consider the connections between Germany, Rome, and memory work and for assisting me in finding the connection I was searching for between Arminius and archaeology. To my professor, Dr. Kerstin Barndt: It is because of you that this project even exists. Thank you for encouraging me to write this thesis, for helping me to become a better writer, scholar, and researcher, and for aiding me in securing funding to travel to the Museum and Park Kalkriese. Without your support and guidance this project would never have been written. -
Kennewick Man and Asatru
7/17/12 Irminsul Ættir Archives - Kennewick Man and Asatru Kennewick Man and Asatru Battle Over BonesArchaeology (Jan/Feb 1997) TriCity Herald (Kennewick Man The debate that spans 9,000 years) DejanewsSearch on Kennewick Man or alt.religion.asatru The Irminsul Ættir Position The Kennewick Man Story by Susan Granquist In October of 1996, members of the Asatru Folk Assembly (AFA) filed a complaint against the Army Corps of Engineers seeking an injunction to prevent the Corps from turning the ancient skeleton referred to in the media as the Kennewick Man over to the Umatilla Tribes under the Native Graves Protection and Repatriation Act based on religious principles of Asatru, an ancient preChristian, ethnic religion. However there are a number of things that need to be known in order to for the public and court to fairly evaluate the claim that might not be apparent to those unfamiliar with this faith. The complaint, filed in the United States District Court for the District of Oregon, CV No. CV96 1516 JE by the Asatru Folk Assembly, Stephen A. McNallen, and William Fox versus the United States of America, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Ernest J. Harrell, Donald R. Curtis, and Lee Turner, Judicial Review of Agency Action (Administrative Procedure Act), 5 USC & 706; violation of 42 USC & 1981 and 42 USC & 1983; Deprivation of Constitutional Rights; violation of Native American Graves Protection Act; Request for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief and for Attorney Fees. Section 2. "This action relates to the human skeletal remains discovered in July 1996 in eastern Washington commonly known as the 'Richland Man' and sometimes as the 'Kennewick Man' and which are the subject of a notice of intent to repatriate issued by the U.S. -
A Glimpse Into the Roman Finances of the Second Punic War Through
Letter Geochemical Perspectives Letters the history of the western world. Carthage was a colony founded next to modern Tunis in the 8th century BC by Phoenician merchants. During the 3rd century BC its empire expanded westward into southern Spain and Sardinia, two major silver producers of the West Mediterranean. Meanwhile, Rome’s grip had tight- © 2016 European Association of Geochemistry ened over the central and southern Italian peninsula. The Punic Wars marked the beginning of Rome’s imperial expansion and ended the time of Carthage. A glimpse into the Roman finances The First Punic War (264 BC–241 BC), conducted by a network of alliances in Sicily, ended up with Rome prevailing over Carthage. A consequence of this of the Second Punic War conflict was the Mercenary War (240 BC–237 BC) between Carthage and its through silver isotopes unpaid mercenaries, which Rome helped to quell, again at great cost to Carthage. Hostilities between the two cities resumed in 219 BC when Hannibal seized the F. Albarède1,2*, J. Blichert-Toft1,2, M. Rivoal1, P. Telouk1 Spanish city of Saguntum, a Roman ally. At the outbreak of the Second Punic War, Hannibal crossed the Alps into the Po plain and inflicted devastating mili- tary defeats on the Roman legions in a quick sequence of major battles, the Trebia (December 218 BC), Lake Trasimene (June 217 BC), and Cannae (August 216 BC). As a measure of the extent of the disaster, it was claimed that more than 100,000 Abstract doi: 10.7185/geochemlet.1613 Roman soldiers and Italian allies lost their lives in these three battles, including The defeat of Hannibal’s armies at the culmination of the Second Punic War (218 BC–201 three consuls. -
A Study of the Levantine Agricultural Economy (1St-8Th C. AD)
Society and economy in marginal zones: a study of the Levantine agricultural economy (1st-8th c. AD) Andrea Zerbini Department of Classics and Philosophy Royal Holloway University of London PhD in Classics 1 2 Abstract This thesis analyses the social and economic structures that characterised settlement in ecologically marginal regions in the Roman to early-Arab Levant (1st-8th c. AD). Findings show that, far from being self-sufficient, the economy of marginal zones relied heavily on surplus production aimed at marketing. The connection of these regions to large-scale commercial networks is also confirmed by ceramic findings. The thesis is structured in four main parts. The first outlines the main debates and research trends in the study of ancient agrarian society and economy. Part II comprises a survey of the available evidence for settlement patterns in two marginal regions of the Roman Near East: the Golan Heights, the jebel al-cArab. It also includes a small- scale test study that concentrates on the long-term development of the hinterland of Sic, a hilltop village in the jebel al-cArab, which housed one of the most important regional sanctuaries in the pre-Roman and Roman period. Parts III and IV contain the core the thesis and concentrate on the Limestone Massif of northern Syria, a region located between the cities of Antioch, Aleppo (Beroia) and Apamea. Following settlement development from the 2nd c. BC to the 12 c. AD, these sections provide a comprehensive assessment of how a village society developed out of semi-nomadic groups (largely through endogenous transformations) and was able to attain great prosperity in Late Antiquity. -
Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf
Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ..................................................................................................... -
Varipos 250S+270S 20191115
Smart Dual Hinged design for the ultimate flexibility 250 S / 270S Features Flexibility meets demand with Hidden Cable Management - dual hinged stand allowing extreme tilt Keeping Everything Organized Easy adjustment providing a solid platform allowing extremely The Dual Hinge Stand provides hidden cable management flexible height and angle adjustment. The stand can be folded flat channels to organize & reduce clutter when connecting or adjusted to any view angle providing maximum comfort and power & accessory cables; the cables are concealed within optimal efficiency to the POS Operation. the stand and covered with a securing plate maintaining the aesthetic look. Powerful and Flexible VariIO I/O Box Connectivity - The Ideal Simplified Installation and Serviceability Retail-Ready Solution Simplified Installation and Serviceability is designed into the VariPOS 250S / 270S providing quick and easy service for routine VariPOS250S / 270S can be combined with the dedicated VariIO I/O maintenance schedules significantly reducing engineer onsite visit Box offering the standard I/O connections plus Point of Sale specific time. VariIO I/O Box connected by a single custom high speed connections for Powered POS peripherals. The Extendable I/O USB Type C connector can easily be disconnected leaving the I/O capability meets multiple project specification with simple onboard and peripherals in place panel I/O, advanced VariIO I/O Box functionality & basic I/O box compatibility. Detailed features Ultra-flexible Dual-hinge Design for Compact & Stylish Systems Intel 6th Generation Celeron i3, i5 high-end processors in a fanless structure True flat 15” 4:3 LCD, 400 nits / 17’’ 5:4 LCD, 400 nits (LED backlight) with IP66 protection. -
4.2-Persecution Under Valens (371-373) Copyright 2018 Glen L
4.2-Persecution under Valens (371-373) Copyright 2018 Glen L. Thompson This document is provided for personal and educational use. It may not be used for commercial purposes without the permission of the copyright holder. Last updated 6/6/18 Socrates Sozomen Theodoret Macedonians seek fellowship with Liberius 4.12.1 But we will have more opportunity to mention 6.10.3 Valens and Eudoxius then directed their both Basil and Gregory again in the course of our history. resentment against the Macedonians, who were more When the maintainers of the homoousian doctrine had been numerous than the above-mentioned Christians in that severely dealt with and put to flight, the persecutors began region, and they persecuted them without measure. The again to harass the Macedonians. Macedonians, in apprehension of further sufferings, sent 4.12.2 Impelled by fear rather than violence, the delegates to various cities, and finally agreed to turn to Macedonians sent messengers to one another from city to Valentinian and to the bishop of Rome rather than share city, declaring the necessity of appealing to the emperor’s in the faith of Eudoxius and Valens and their followers. brother, and to Liberius bishop of Rome, saying that it was far better for them to embrace their faith, than to commune with the party of Eudoxius. 4.12.3 For this purpose they sent Eustathius bishop of 6.10.4 And when it seemed ideal to do this, they Sebastia, who had been deposed several times, Silvanus of selected three of their own number—Eustathius, bishop Tarsus in Cilicia, and Theophilus of Castabala in the same of Sebaste; Silvanus, bishop of Tarsus; and Theophilus, province, charging them to not to disagree with Liberius in bishop of Castabalis—and sent them to the Emperor anything concerning the faith, but to enter into communion Valentinian.