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Knowledge Sovereignty Among African Cattle Herders

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Knowledge Sovereignty Among African Cattle Herders Knowledge Sovereignty ‘This ground-breaking ethnography of Beni-Amer pastoralists in the Horn of Africa shows how a partnership of conventional science and local indigenous knowledge can generate a hybrid knowledge system which underpins a productive cattle economy. This has implications for sustainable pastoral development around the world.’ Knowledge Jeremy Swift, Emeritus Fellow, Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex ‘Indigenous knowledge and the sovereignty issues addressed in the book are hallmarks to Sovereignty recognize African cattle herders and also to use this knowledge to mitigate climate change and appreciate the resilience of these herders. The book will be a major resource for students, researchers among and policy makers in Africa and worldwide.’ Mitiku Haile, Professor of Soil Science and Sustainable Land Management, Mekelle University ‘This important book arrives at a key moment of climate and food security challenges. Fre deploys among African great wisdom in writing about the wisdom of traditional pastoralists, which – refl ecting the way complex natural systems really work – has been tested through history, and remains capable of future evolution. The more general lesson is that both land, and ideas, should be a common treasury.’ Cattle African Cattle Herders Cattle African Robert Biel, Senior Lecturer, the Bartlett Development Planning Unit, UCL Beni-Amer cattle owners in the western part of the Horn of Africa are not only masters in cattle Herders breeding, they are also knowledge sovereign, in terms of owning productive genes of cattle and the cognitive knowledge base crucial to sustainable development. The strong bonds between the Beni- Amer, their animals, and their environment constitute the basis of their ways of knowing, and much of their knowledge system is built on experience and embedded in their cultural practices. Zeremariam Fre In this book, the fi rst to study Beni-Amer practices, Zeremariam Fre argues for the importance of their knowledge, challenging the preconceptions that regard it as untrustworthy when compared to scientifi c knowledge from more developed regions. Empirical evidence suggests that there is much one could learn from the other, since elements of pastoralist technology, such as those related to animal production and husbandry, make a direct contribution to our knowledge of livestock production. It is this potential for hybridisation, as well as the resilience of the herders, at the core of the indigenous knowledge system. Fre also argues that indigenous knowledge can be viewed as a stand-alone science, and that a Zeremariam Fre community’s rights over ownership should be defended by government offi cials, development planners and policy makers, making the case for a celebration of the knowledge sovereignty of pastoralist communities. Zeremariam Fre is the founding director and former head of regional NGO, the Pastoral and Environmental Network in the Horn of Africa (PENHA). He currently works at the Bartlett Development Planning Unit at UCL as a teaching fellow and course tutor. Cover image: Afar pastoralist woman from Eastern Ethiopia © Je Salzer and PENHA (2016). Free open access versions available from Cover design: www.ucl.ac.uk/ucl-press www.ironicitalics.com Knowledge Sovereignty among African Cattle Herders ‘This book greatly contributes to the limited literature on theoretical discourses and practices on indigenous knowledge of livestock herding communities in the Horn of Africa. It discusses knowledge heritage and sovereignty through the presentation of valid empirical evidence, and its subsequent relevance in nurturing sustainability of knowledge systems to enhance lives of pastoralists in Africa and beyond.’ Samuel Tefera PhD, Assistant Professor and Asian Desk Coordinator at the Centre for African and Oriental Studies, Associate Dean for Research and Technology Transfer, College of Social Sciences, Addis Ababa University ‘The author has worked with our Beni-Amer pastoral communities in Eastern Sudan and Western Eritrea for over 30 years and this book is the first of its kind in documenting our practices, knowledge systems, heritage and way of life.’ Mustafa Faid and Mohamed Ali, Leaders of the of the Pastoral and Environmental Association Kassala State (PEAKS) ‘A riveting and rare book! Zeremarian Fre guides you along the sandy [dusty] tracks and grassy pastures that the Beni-Amer and their herds have been softly tracing over time all through the Horn of Africa. One of the virtues of the book is that it illustrates vividly and in clear language how their continuous self-built endogenous know- ledge on agro-pastoral life is not only at the core of their survival and the survival of their herds, but more importantly a powerful weapon in facing and resisting multiple aggressions . Ground-breaking and a huge achievement.’ Yves Cabannes, Emeritus Professor of Development Planning, The Bartlett Development Planning Unit, UCL ‘The book underlines the importance of enriching and utilizing the unrecognized, yet valuable scientific knowledge and practices that are deeply rooted in pastoral traditional expertise about their own environment and breeding practices. It is an important publication that reflects Dr Fre’s expertise and long term research in the region and thus, it is a significant addition to the African library.’ Hala Alkarib, Director of the Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA) ‘This fascinating book not only gives a unique insight into the knowledge and practice of pastoralists in the Horn of Africa from the author’s first-hand experience, it also provides an incisive critique of the multiple dimensions of knowledge, paying tribute to the sovereignty of indigenous knowledge. It has a timely relevance for global sustain- ability that will appeal to a wider readership.’ Nicole Kenton, International Development Consultant, former long serving senior staff member of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) ‘The book covers several intertwined issues relevant to contemporary development policy and practice. It goes beyond the rural-urban and peasant–nomadic livelihoods dichotomy by shedding more light on the inter-linkages within the multiple livelihood systems within the Horn of Africa and globally. A rich evidence-based resource for academics, development partners and social movements for promoting and designing state policies that embrace pastoralist aspirations.’ Bereket Tsegay MA, PhD candidate, Pastoral and Environmental Network in the Horn of Africa (PENHA) ‘Dr Zeremariam Fre has done a wonderful job of placing at the centre of this book the Beni-Amer pastoralists, the world they inhabit and the knowledge they use to navigate and thrive in it. The lessons contained in this book go beyond pastoralism; it is a must read for anyone serious about understanding the importance of located knowledge in the innovation and development process.’ Yusuf Dirie, PENHA Research Fellow and PhD researcher at the University of Sussex Knowledge Sovereignty among African Cattle Herders Zeremariam Fre First published in 2018 by UCL Press University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT Available to download free: www.ucl.ac.uk/ ucl- press Text © Zeremariam Fre, 2018 Images © Zeremariam Fre and copyright holders named in captions, 2018 Zeremariam Fre has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as author of this work. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library. This book is published under a Creative Commons 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Fre, Z. 2018. Knowledge Sovereignty among African Cattle Herders. London, UCL Press. https:// doi.org/ 10.14324/ 111. 9781787353114 Further details about Creative Commons licenses are available at http:// creativecommons.org/ licenses/ ISBN: 978–1–78735–313–8 (Hbk.) ISBN: 978–1–78735–312–1 (Pbk.) ISBN: 978–1–78735–311–4 (PDF) ISBN: 978–1–78735–314–5 (epub) ISBN: 978–1–78735–315–2 (mobi) ISBN: 978–1–78735–316–9 (html) DOI: https:// doi.org/ 10.14324/ 111. 9781787353114 ‘A loyal herder leads and defends his cattle but a bad herder follows them from behind.’ Beni- Amer saying. The book is especially dedicated to my late mother, Letezion Beyed, who implanted in me strong spiritual and moral values that true happiness comes from serving those who are less fortunate than oneself and doing so with great humility. To my beloved older brother, Fesseha Fre, who died recently and has been a great role model to me all along – seeing this book would have meant the world to him. To my dearest wife and comrade for life, Biri Tesfaldet, son Samray, daughter Bilena and my mother- in- law, Tzehaitu Asfaha. I couldn’t have written this book without their constant moral and emotional support, for which I am eternally grateful. Preface This book focuses on the description, elicitation, documentation and ana- lysis of major aspects of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) among the Beni- Amer in the Horn of Africa. My fundamental point of departure is that Beni- Amer cattle owners (Seb- ahha) in the western part of the Horn of Africa are not only masters of cattle breeding, but also knowledge- sovereign in terms of owning cattle with productive genes and the cogni- tive knowledge base which is key to sustainable development. The strong bonds between the Beni- Amer, their animals and their environment constitute the basis of their ways of knowing, and much of their knowledge system is based on experience and embedded in their cultural practices. Notions that this knowledge is somewhat ‘untrust- worthy’ when compared to western scientific knowledge are explored further in the book. The evidence also shows that the Beni- Amer’s know- ledge system includes elements of western knowledge; for example, the Beni- Amer incorporate western veterinary knowledge into their practice.
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