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Annex a Compendium of Country Studies

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Rapid Evidence Review Impacts............................................................... 23 Response ............................................................ 24 Livelihoods and Markets in Protracted Conflict: A Review of Evidence and Practice Outcomes and effectiveness.............................. 24 Annexes References and sources ......................................... 25 Key sources ........................................................ 25 May 2021 Other literature .................................................. 25 Steve Wiggins, Simon Levine, Mary Allen, Maha Appendices ............................................................ 26 Elsamahi, Vaidehi Krishnan, Irina Mosel and Neema Patel Appendix 1: a timeline of Darfur conflict ........... 26 Appendix 2: Map of conflict and displacement in Darfur, Sudan 2017 ............................................ 28 Annex A Compendium of Democratic Republic of Congo .................................. 29 country studies The nature of conflict in eastern DRC .................... 29 Impact of conflict on livelihoods in eastern DRC ... 30 Food security and livelihood Interventions in Contents eastern DRC ........................................................... 31 Annexes .................................................................... 1 Relief interventions ............................................ 31 Annex A Compendium of country studies ................... 1 Livelihood support interventions ....................... 34 Afghanistan .................................................................. 4 Key Lessons ............................................................ 39 Impact of conflict on livelihoods .............................. 4 Documents consulted ............................................ 40 Food Security and Livelihood interventions ............ 5 Mali ........................................................................... 44 Humanitarian relief .............................................. 6 Nature of conflict: causes and consequences ....... 44 Livelihoods (development) interventions ............ 8 Causes ................................................................ 44 Social Protection ................................................ 10 Nature and conduct of conflict .......................... 44 Key lessons ............................................................. 11 Consequences for lives and livelihoods ................. 48 Documents consulted ............................................ 12 Direct effects in affected rural areas ................. 48 Darfur conflict 2003–present ..................................... 16 Responses .............................................................. 52 Nature of conflict: causes and consequences ........ 16 Outcomes and effectiveness.............................. 59 Causes ................................................................ 16 Key lessons ............................................................. 67 Nature and conduct of conflict .......................... 16 Nature of the conflict ......................................... 67 Consequences for food security and livelihoods ... 18 Impacts............................................................... 67 Direct .................................................................. 18 Responses .......................................................... 68 Indirect ............................................................... 19 Outcomes and effectiveness.............................. 69 Effects on national economy and human References ............................................................. 69 development ...................................................... 20 Nepal civil war 1996–2006 ......................................... 74 Response ................................................................ 20 Nature of conflict: causes and consequences ....... 74 Outcomes and effectiveness .............................. 22 Causes ................................................................ 74 Key lessons ............................................................. 23 Nature and conduct of conflict .......................... 75 Nature of conflict ............................................... 23 Consequences for lives and livelihoods ................. 76 1 | P a g e Direct effects in affected rural areas ................. 76 Cash .................................................................... 97 Effects on national economy, poverty and health Key lessons learned ............................................... 97 ............................................................................ 78 References ............................................................. 98 Responses .............................................................. 79 South Sudan ............................................................. 100 Outcomes and effectiveness .............................. 80 Nature of conflict – causes and consequences.... 100 Key lessons ............................................................. 81 Causes .............................................................. 100 Causes and nature of conflict............................. 81 Nature and conduct of conflict ........................ 100 Impacts of conflict on livelihoods ...................... 81 Consequences for lives and livelihoods ............... 101 Responses .......................................................... 81 Main effects ..................................................... 101 Impacts ............................................................... 82 Effects on national economy ........................... 102 References and sources ......................................... 83 Responses ............................................................ 102 Key sources ........................................................ 83 Processes and underlying assumptions ........... 104 Other literature .................................................. 83 Outcomes and effectiveness............................ 104 Nigeria ........................................................................ 84 Key lessons ........................................................... 105 Nature of conflict: causes and consequences ........ 84 References ........................................................... 106 Consequences for food security and livelihoods ... 84 Syria civil war 2011– ongoing .................................. 107 Response ................................................................ 85 Nature of conflict: causes and consequences ..... 107 Factors outside of interventions which determine Causes .............................................................. 107 success/failure (what we can’t control) ................. 85 Nature and conduct of conflict ........................ 107 Key lessons (the things we can control) ................. 86 Consequences for lives and livelihoods: .............. 108 Conceptual ......................................................... 86 Direct effects .................................................... 108 Technical ............................................................ 86 Social and economic harm of the conflict: ...... 109 References ............................................................. 89 Factors that support Syrians to adapt their Somalia ....................................................................... 91 livelihoods ........................................................ 111 Nature of conflict – causes and consequences ...... 91 Current zones of control and fragmented Nature and conduct of conflict and interplay of humanitarian response .................................... 111 different crises ................................................... 92 Response and effectiveness................................. 113 Consequences for lives and livelihoods ................. 92 Response--implementation ............................. 115 Effects on national economy ............................. 93 Key lessons ........................................................... 116 Responses .............................................................. 94 Causes and nature of conflict .......................... 116 Processes and underlying assumptions ............. 95 Direct and indirect effects of the conflict: ....... 116 Durable solutions ............................................... 95 Responses and Impacts.................................... 116 Market systems support and support to private References and sources ....................................... 117 sector ................................................................. 95 Uganda ..................................................................... 119 Multi-year financing and consortium-based approaches, flexible funding .............................. 95 Nature of conflict – causes and consequences.... 119 Increasing focus on social safety nets, including Causes .............................................................. 119 flexible, scalable initiatives ................................ 95 Consequences for lives and livelihoods ............... 119 Outcomes and analysis .......................................... 96 Effects on national economy ........................... 121 2 | P a g e Responses ............................................................ 121 Relief interventions .......................................... 121 Livelihood support ........................................... 122 Key lessons ..........................................................
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