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Dai Nuraghi Un Filo Diretto Tra Sardegna E Toscana

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Dai Nuraghi Un Filo Diretto Tra Sardegna E Toscana Emigrazione LUGLIO 2006 27 I Nuraghi - Filo diretto tra la di, traffici, relazioni, ideologie Sardegna e la Toscana è stato il LIVORNO nella Sardegna arcaica. Tron- tema di un incontro-convegno, chetti fondando la sua analisi su organizzato dallAssociazione una sintesi accurata delle testi- Culturale Sarda Quattro Mori monianze archeologiche disponi- di Livorno, che si è svolto nel- bili, delinea la storia della Sarde- lAuditorium del Museo naturale Dai nuraghi un filo diretto gna dalle prime tracce di presen- del Mediterraneo e che si è con- za umana fino ai grandi monu- cluso il giorno successivo nel menti di pietra in unisola di pie- Castello di Piombino, dove vive tre (Lilliu): settemila e più nura- una numerosa comunità di circa tra Sardegna e Toscana ghi, centinaia di villaggi, tombe 900 sardi. Liniziativa come ci megalitiche e pozzi sacri, dedica- scrive il presidente del circolo, ti al culto delle acque, che nel- Giorgio Canu ha suscitato mol- Studiosi a confronto in un convegno organizzato linsieme compongono una strut- to interesse e partecipazione, no- tura megalitica non solo costrut- nostante il tempo inclemente. dal circolo Quattro Mori tiva ma soprattutto paesaggistica Sullavvenimento pubblichia- (n.d.r.). Dal modulo iniziale a mo un articolo di Marinella Cao seto incontriamo Vetulonia, un forma di NUR, radice di origine Volpi, architetto e socia del cir- minuscolo borgo medievale po- indoeuropea che significa muc- colo Quattro Mori. sto su un poggio in posizione do- chio vuoto o secchio capovolto, minante. Fu una delle metropo- nucleo originario attraversato da Lorigine dei popoli abitatori li di prima grandezza nel pano- un semplice corridoio, i nuraghi delle terre che si affacciano sul rama internazionale del mondo ebbero una evoluzione continua Mediterraneo ed i reciproci con- Etrusco. Già dal IX sec. a.C., de- che portò al complesso finale di tatti, è un tema che ha sempre su- teneva il monopolio su tutti i ba- torri trilobate, antemurali, rifasci scitato grande interesse negli sto- cini minerari del territorio ed era e recinti, mentre linterno del rici, fin dallantichità. Oggi, tra al centro di scambi commerciali secchio gradualmente si svuota- gli addetti ai lavori: gli archeolo- tra lEtruria, lItalia continentale, va dando origine a scale, camere gi, è ancora aperta discussione. la Sardegna, la Grecia, il vicino e ripostigli distribuiti su tre piani Recentemente largomento è sta- Oriente ed in seguito anche con per una altezza massima di 20 to oggetto di scoop giornalistici Roma e la penisola Iberica. Dal metri circa, difficile a definirsi che hanno raggiunto e interessa- 1° sec. a. C., la decadenza e poi la perché il terrazzo finale veniva to un grande pubblico di appas- scomparsa, Vetulonia fu inghiot- sempre distrutto dal nemico che sionati, perciò è necessario ri- tita dalla storia, forse rasa al suo- cercava di decapitare la potenza prendere il filo storico delle ulti- lo dai corsari. difensiva di questi inespugnabili me scoperte archeologiche per Oggi rivive grazie agli scavi ar- castelli preistorici. comprendere meglio la preistoria cheologici ottocenteschi. Tra i re- Siamo al Bronzo finale (1200 e prototostoria delle genti e del perti oltre una navicella nuragica, 900 a.C.), che nellIsola coincide Mare Nostrum. rinvenuta nella tomba del duce di con la fase finale della civiltà Il convegno ha avuto luogo a Vetulonia, sono stati trovati 40 nuragica. Mille anni di civiltà Livorno, sabato 26 novembre, vasi di tipo askos, che letteral- autoctona che viene spazzata via nellAuditorium del Museo di mente significa ventre. Laskos è nella successiva Età del Ferro tra Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo uno strano vasetto che ricorda lXI e la fine del VII sec. a. C. In ed il giorno dopo, nella sala con- proprio quegli otri fatti, in Sarde- questepoca non sono più costru- vegni del Castello di Piombino. gna, con lo stomaco degli anima- iti nuovi Nuraghi e il Bronzo, Il direttore del Museo Archeo- li, usati per il vino o lolio. Ha un lega di Stagno e Ferro, perde logico Nazionale di Cagliari, Car- collo con beccuccio laterale, al- dimportanza. lo Tronchetti, pisano di nascita e lungato e decentrato, che lo rende Inizia la frequentazione fenicia di studi, ha parlato su Bronzetti e inconfondibile. Si tratta di un delle coste meridionali dellIso- statuaria nella civiltà nuragica, i vaso tipicamente sardo che com- la; la convivenza pacifica con le più importanti reperti nuragici pare negli scavi dellIsola a co- genti nuragiche e gli scambi com- rinvenuti in Sardegna ed in Tosca- minciare dallXI sec. a.C. Un pro- merciali, testimoniati dai rinveni- na negli scavi di Popoulonia e dotto locale esportato in Etruria, menti in tombe fenicie di reperti Vetulonia, oggi paesi medievali dove viene riprodotto e interpreta- in bronzo: navicelle, brocchette e ieri, più di 2800 anni fa, fucine a to con variazioni di forma. torcere. I Fenici sfruttano le pos- cielo aperto e siti ad economia es- Viceversa cosa troviamo in sibilità commerciali degli scali senzialmente mineraria. Sardegna, che suffraghi gli scam- marittimi impiantati nel Sud- Lucia Manca e Sebastiano De- barcazioni etrusche e/o sarde una centrale energetica di ecce- bi tra le due culture? Ovest della Sardegna ma non en- murtas, entrambi collaboratori raggiungevano lElba poi Capra- zionale importanza per la vastità La fibula, spillo usato da tutti i trano in conflitto con gli indige- esterni delle università di Caglia- ia quindi scivolando lungo la delle testimonianze archeologi- popoli Mediterranei per fermare ni. Fino al VII sec. a. C. il rappor- ri e Sassari, hanno parlato rispet- Corsica superavano le Bocche di che che documentano le diverse vesti e manti, è stata trovata nei to tra coloni fenici e la popolazio- tivamente dei Sistemi costrutti- Bonifacio ed erano in Sardegna. faciesculturali succedutesi nel- siti nuragici, ma fu probabilmen- ne sarda è competitivo. Ciò si può vi in pietra a secco e Strutture Un percorso breve (tempo per- la zona.. te solo oggetto esotico di scam- desumere dalla scoperta impor- a confronto: Nuraghi e Talaiots. mettendo), un intenso traffico di Ma chi lavorava intorno a que- bio. Lo confermano i più impor- tantissima della statuaria del Pablo Gorini, redattore della rivi- merci e uomini. sti forni? La risposta può darcela tanti bronzetti, offerta votiva di Monte Prama. Duemila pezzi di sta Rassegna Archeologica, ha Lintensa attività metallurgica solo larchelogia perché dalla una classe dirigente: oranti e 25 grandi statue in calcare, le cui riferito su I rapporti tra lEtruria che dalla preistoria fino ai tempi scrittura Etrusca, decifrata recen- guerrieri che indossano indu- sembianze spesso ricalcano le fat- settentrionale e la Sardegna, nel- recenti ha interessato, con alter- temente e molto lacunosa, niente menti con generi diversi di chiu- tezze dei bronzetti. lEtà del Ferro. ne vicende, il Sud-Ovest della sappiamo. I Nuragici nonostante sura: lacci e bottoni senza asole Sono il frutto di una afferma- A Piombino, Fabio Fedeli, pre- Sardegna (lIglesiente), così co- i contatti avuti con i Fenici, se- (lasola fu ufficialmente intro- zione nuragica di un luogo posto sidente dellAssociazione Ar- me la costa Toscana dal periodo condo la tradizione inventori del- dotta nel vestiario europeo solo tra la potente Tharros e il sito cheologica Piombinese, ha de- Etrusco-Romano (Vetulonia - lalfabeto, non ci hanno lasciato nel recente 800). nuragico di S. Vero Milis scritto Larchitettura funeraria a Populonia, la val di Cornia e le scritti; daltronde la scrittura è Questi dati incontrovertibili In questo periodo i rapporti dei Populonia nellEtà del Ferro. colline metallifere) fino ad oggi una necessità di documentazione che larcheologia ci propone sardi con lEtruria industriale In ambedue le giornate di stu- (Fonderia di Piombino), è stata il e catalogazione e in Sardegna sono stati chiaramente descritti del Nord (Populonia e Vetulo- dio si è esibita la Corale dellAs- denominatore comune di queste luso consolidato del baratto e la dagli esperti intervenuti al con- nia), sono intensi. sociazione Quattro Mori di Li- due culture, vicine ma molto di- tradizione orale, hanno prevalso vegno. Tronchetti ritiene che i Fenici vorno, diretta dal maestro G. verse. sullesigenza di mettere bianco Una tesi interessante sui rap- si siano inseriti progressivamen- Giannetti e durante gli intervalli, In qualsiasi momento dellan- su nero. Congetture che un ritro- porti intercorsi tra Fenici, Punici, te come mediatori nei rapporti tra con la felicità di tutti gli interve- no merita fare una escursione nel vamento archeologico può con- Sardi ed Etruschi, è sostenuta la Sardegna e i centri commercia- nuti alquanto numerosi, è stata Parco Archeologico Naturali- fermare o negare. dallarcheologo Carlo Tronchet- li dellEtruria meridionale (Cer- offerta una degustazione di otti- stico di Baratti e Populonia. Chi Spostandoci a Sud verso Gros- ti, nel suo libro dedicato a I Sar- veteri, Tarquinia e Vulci). mi prodotti sardi doc. percorre, in passeggiata rilassan- Nella seconda metà del VI sec. te, larenile del golfo di Baratti a. C. iniziano nellIsola le cam- Genti e culture può osservare il luccichio bril- pagne militari dei Punici (i Feni- a confronto lante dei residui di fusione che ci fondatori di Cartagine) volte costellano la sabbia ed immagi- non contro i sardi ma contro i La Sardegna, appartenente al nare laria fumosa e la frenetica centri fenici indipendenti im- mondo insulare mediterraneo, attività umana attorno ai forni pi- piantati nellIsola, sui quali Car- per la sua posizione geografica ramidali a cielo aperto. Vedere tagine intende affermare la pro- relativamente vicina alla terra- arrivare nel piccolo porto sotto pria supremazia. ferma continentale e più precisa- roccia barconi colmi di materiale La politica espansionista di mente allantica Etruria, si presta ferroso, provenienti dalla vicina Cartagine, volta al possesso del ad essere indagata ed osservata Elba, isola ancora oggi ricca di territori sardo e di tutte le sue ri- nei suoi contatti e traffici com- minerali di ogni specie.
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