Volume 14 Winter 2012 the Etruscans in Leiden and Amsterdam: “Eminent Women, Powerful Men” Double Exhibition on Ancient Italian Culture Perspective

Home , Apollo of Veii, Battle of Populonia, Elsa (river), Etruscan history, Etruscan society, Fufluns

Volume 14 Winter 2012 The Etruscans In Leiden and Amsterdam: “Eminent Women, Powerful Men” Double Exhibition on Ancient Italian culture perspective. The exhibition in Leiden tombs still adorn the romantic land- focuses on Etruscan women, the exhibi- scapes of Umbria and Tuscany. tion in Amsterdam on Etruscan men. Etruscan art, from magnificent gold On display will be more than 600 jewels to colorful tomb paintings, con- pieces from the museums’ own collec- tinues to fire the imagination of lovers tions and from many foreign museums. of Italy and art. “Etruscans: Eminent The ruins of imposing Etruscan Women, Powerful Men,” provides a

October 14 - March 18, 2012 detailed introduction to Etruscan civi- The National Museum of lization in a visually delightful exhibi- Antiquities in Leiden and the Allard tion. Pierson Museum in Amsterdam pres- The Etruscans flourished hundreds ents the fascinating world of the of years before the Romans came to Etruscans to the public in a unique dou- power in Italy. Their civilization ble exhibition. The two museums tell reached its height between 750 and 500 the tale of Etruscan wealth, religion, BC, Etruscan society was highly devel- power and splendor, each from its own Left & Right: Brolio bronzes. Center: Replica of the Latona at Leiden. oped; women continued on page 15 Scientists declare the XXVIII Convegno di tions with Corsica and featured specific studies of Etruscan material found in the Fibula Praenestina and its engraved with the earliest archaic Latin Studi Etruschi ed Italici inscription. The matter of its authentic- Corsica and Populonia excavations at Aleria. Rich in minerals inscription to be genuine ity has been a question for a long time. and favorably located along the naviga- Larissa Bonfante (Corsica), The purpose of the meeting, which was tion routes towards the coasts of Liguria “beyond any reasonable Daniele Maras (Populonia) organized by Elisabetta Mangani and and France, the island became the goal doubt” chaired by Superintendent Luigi La of the Ionic Greek inhabitants of by Daniele F. Maras Rocca, was to bring to interested schol- On the 24th of October, 2011, fifty Phokaia, who explored the Adriatic, ars the results of research carried out by or so members of the Istituto di Studi Tyrrhenian and Iberian seas as far as the On the morning of June 6, 2011, the Edilberto Formigli, the expert on Etruschi met at the docks in Livorno and fabled Tartessus, beyond the Pillars of Prehistoric and Etnographic National ancient metalwork and a master gold- boarded a ferry for Bastia, on the north- Hercules.1 According to Greek myth, Museum “Luigi Pigorini” hosted a smith himself, and Daniela Ferro, physi- east coast of Corsica. The Convegno Herakles passed by Corsica on his round table of scholars interested in the cist of the CNR (National Research was planned to take place in two venues return from the far-off Garden of the famous Praenestine Fibula, the gold pin Council). continued on page 20 in Italy and in France. This was the sec- Hesperides. continued on page 4 ond time the French section had organized a Convegno outside of Italy – the first had been at Lattes in 2002 – and there was much anticipation on the part of the group, few of whom had ever been to Corsica. The Corsica part of the Convegno took place in Bastia and Aleria. Contributions and discussions at Bastia concerned the history of Etruscan rela- LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

Dear Editors, I am a retired prof in vegetation history partly working with Norwegian subjects, but during the last 15-18 years in the central Italian Alps, straight north of Milan in the Valle Spluga, north of Lago di Como. A lot of human distur- bances have taken place, especially from late Bronze age, but most from about 600-500 BC onwards. I have “Out of Etruria” (1981) just in front of me, and have a strong feeling that Etruscans brought new ideas about farming not only into the lowland, but Cathie Dunar (left) and her Etrusco-Roman clad students. also at higher altitudes by establishing Dear Editors, seasonal summer farming with sets of This is Cathie Dunar in Huntsville, photos to show you that Etruscan and Gilda Bartoloni and Larissa houses for different purposes, among Alabama. I am a high school Latin Roman inspiration has traveled to this Bonfante distribute Etruscan others, dairy (cheese and butter) produc- teacher at the Randolph School in city of Huntsville in Alabama. News at Veii. tion. Huntsville, AL, and a doctoral candidate Again, thank you for being an inspi- The question is, do you have or in Classics at the University of Florida. ration as I struggle in the final days of Dear Editors, know any information about a connec- Last January at the AIA meetings you juggling dissertation writing with my I am sending you two pictures of tion between Etruscan lowland and gave me a stack of extra Etruscan News high school teaching. Larissa Bonfante’s visit to our site at upland (treeline) economy? papers for my students. I distributed Piazza d'Armi this past summer. She Secondly, I have found an old name them to my upper level students. They Sincerely, distributed copies of Etruscan News, from Austria close to the Italian border, read an article of their choice and did Cathie Dunar which the excavators were eager to read, “Senna”or “Senn” (German “Senn- reports to the class on the different arti- madr-steig”). It is the name for the cles. shortest but rather steep track from the Two weeks ago my Junior Classical ETRUSCAN NEWS permanent farm and up to the summer League celebrated AIA National Editorial Board, Issue #14, January 2011 farm. The local people do not know Archaeology Day in my Latin I through either the meaning or the origin. AP Vergil classes by having a Roman I enclose one of the last papers we/I fashion show. In preparation for the Editor-in-Chief Jane Whitehead [email protected] have from “our” Val Febbraro/Valle fashion show we studied material from Modern and Classical Languages Spluga, mostly working above 1800 m The World of Roman Dress. We tried to Valdosta State University above sea level. be as authentic as we could. I found Valdosta, GA 31698 All best from Bergen/Norway, myself sewing my tunica, stola, and palla the night before, something I used President of the U.S. Larissa Bonfante [email protected] Dagfinn Moe to try to do at age fifteen rather than my Section of the Istituto Classics Department Prof. Emer. in Botany current sixty-five! I am attaching some di Studi Etruschi ed New York University University of Bergen Italici, ex officio 100 Washington Square East Editors note: Can one of our readers Silver Building, Room 503 answer his questions. New York, NY 10003

Ciao Editors, Language Page Editor Rex Wallace [email protected] Here is something I found charming: Classics Department an antique newsreel photo I found on University of Massachusetts Ebay. On the back we see a caption Amherst, MA 01003 which the photographer wished to use with this picture. It is 1932 and the Book Review Editor Francesco de Angelis [email protected] Etruscan architecture is defined as Art History and Archaeology “super modern” by the photogra- Columbia University pher.....AND HE IS RIGHT. Very cool. New York, NY 10027

Anna Pizzorusso Layout-Design Editor Gary Enea [email protected]

Editors response: Super cool!! It does Submissions, news, pictures, or other material appropriate to this newsletter may bring back echoes of 1930s Art Deco be sent to any of the editors listed above. The email address is preferred. style. See our review on page 35 of an For submissions guidelines, see Etruscan News 3 (2003). interesting book, A “History of Design from the Victorian Era to the Present,” Distribution of Etruscan News is made possible through the generosity of by Ann Ferebee. NYU’s Center for Ancient Studies. Page 2 Letter to our Readers

Dear Readers,

First of all, we want to thank those of you who wrote letters to us, some of which we have printed in this issue; we encourage others to send us news, comments, ideas, experiences, and anything else that you think might be of interest to readers of Etruscan News. We are honored to publish brief articles and research and excavation summaries by very distinguished scholars at home and abroad, and we continue to encourage students and younger scholars to submit their research and ideas. This year has seen many interesting conferences and museum exhibits, and this The excavators at Piazza d’Armi distracted by Etruscan News. issue reflects the great interest in Etruscan and Roman subjects throughout the world. Two of the conferences were attended by editors of Etruscan News. The as you can see. We look forward to read- Dear Editors, Langford Conference, “Text, Non-Text, and Context,” which introduces the Sigla ing about our exciting discoveries here At a recent “discover Italy” lecture at Project launched and presently carried out by a joint US and Italian team, was at Veii in the next issue! the Westchester Italian Cultural Center, attended by Jane Whitehead and Rex Wallace. The other conference, that of the Sincerely, where the subject for the evening was Istituto di Studi Etruschi ed Italici, attended by Larissa Bonfante, is featured on Jacopo Tabolli Tarquinia and the Etruscans, we learned the front page of this issue. At that conference, which took place in Corsica and fascinating things about our “not so Populonia, Etruscan News 13 was distributed and received many compliments. Dear wonderful editors of Etruscan mysterious” ancient ancestors and This issue also highlights the results of some of the many important on-going News, heard all about an area of Italy we knew excavations of Etruscan sites. Three particularly important finds are the subjects Daughter Kim has continued to be little about but we will definitely visit. of articles in this issue; a new inscription from Populonia, a bucchero stamp with inspired by all things Etruscan. Thank After a video and slide presentation by the rare image of a crouching woman giving birth with the baby visible, and a you for publishing pictures of the tombs the mayor of Tarquinia and his tourism fragment of a terracotta dog from Piazza d’Armi at Veii. One of our editors, from Tarquinia that cover her dining council, one of your editors was kind Larissa Bonfante, visited the site of Veii last summer while the students from La room walls. Inspired by the poem, enough to hand out copies of Etruscan Sapienza on Rome were excavating. Two photos in this issue show the results of “Degli Sposi” by Rika Lesser and real- News and answered many of our ques- her visit and distribution of Etruscan News. izing there is still so much to learn, Kim tions about the Etruscans. He mentioned Along with conferences and excavations, we feature significant exhibitions and (below on the ceiling) attempted the last that the Metropolitan Museum of Art museum reviews. The innovative Leiden-Amsterdam exhibition merits its place lines of the poem: had two very important vases from on the front page. We are delighted to have the review of a small museum in “we touch, we hold, we keep one Tarquinia on loan from Italy. A beauti- Tuscany which might otherwise not be known to travelers, and we encourage our another free.” ful vase in the shape of a womans head readers to submit reviews of museums and exhibitions that they have visited in the Thanks for doing so much to keep and a very large Greek wine cup with an course of their travels. all things Etruscan alive. important Etruscan inscription that We are particularly grateful to colleagues who have allowed us to print in these Con affetto, refers to the sons of Zeus, Castor and pages material published for the first time and also to our Layout Editor who fre- Barb Martini Johnson Pollux. The following weekend we vis- quently excavates the World Wide Web for news items from all over the world. ited the Greek and Roman rooms at the We wish all our readers a happy and successful 2012. Met. We were amazed by the Etruscan art, especially the chariot. Here is a Larissa Bonfante photo (below) of that enourmous Greek Jane Whitehead kylix (did they actually use this?) from Tarquinia. We wondered why Castor and Pollux, the twins, were so important P.S.: Etruscan News is freely available online; those who wish to receive the to the Etruscans. paper edition are requested to send the subscription price listed in the masthead Many thanks, below. The link for Etruscan News is: ancientstudies.fas.nyu.edu/page/etruscan Denise Fazullo We would also like to acknowledge and recommend our sister publications: the Gentle Ladies, hard-cover Etruscan Studies and the web-based Rasenna. At the December 1 and 2 NYU conference (Remembering Defeat) I picked SUBSCRIPTION FORM up a copy of Etruscan News, Winter ‘10 The suggested contribution for an individual subscription to Etruscan News is $ 25.00 per year. issue. Such a cozy weaving of Etruscan We welcome donations of any amount. Please remit this form with a check payable to: “things” with Greco-Roman things. ISSEI- Etruscan News, to Larissa Bonfante, Classics Department, 100 Washington Square East, Silver Building , Rooom 503, New York University, New York NY 10003. Outstanding job, ladies. Please, sub- scribe me to the so-called hard copy Please send me Etruscan News. I would like ______subscriptions at $ 25.00 each of Etruscan News. And tell me how to I would also like to make a donation of______to help develop and expand the projects pay for same.Thank you. at the U.S section of the Istituto di Studi Etruschi ed Italici.

Wishing you either Season’s The total amount enclosed is______Greetings, Merry Christmas, whichever might be appropriate, I am Name:______Address:______Respectfully, City:______State or Province:______Joseph F. Krupsky Postal Code:______Country:______13 Monmouth Ct. Easton PA 18040-1048 Page 3 ARCHAEOCAT

G. Camporeale (center) explaining about his birthday. Far left, S. Steingräber. To the right, A. Maggiani, F. Delpino, S. Rafanelli, Eve Gran-Aymerich, A. Cherici. Convegno, continued from page 1 ipants to socialize and comment on the The battle of Aleria that took place interesting contribution of the first “Opus,” the archaeocat guide at the ruins of Aleria in Corsica. off the coast of Corsica around 540 BC days. We arrived in Piombino just after was, on the other hand, recorded by his- lunchtime. The Italian session of the torians. At that time an Etruscan-Punic Congress immediately began with an POETRY coalition met the Greeks in a battle that extremely rich afternoon, full of reports changed the history of the Western and interventions. That evening we vis- Mediterranean. Following a Pyrrhic vic- ited the splendid museum of Piombino, tory for the Phokaians, the displaying antiquities from Populonia Carthaginians conquered Sardinia, and and its hinterland; later, dinner — the Etruscans took over the Tyrrhenian “Dulcis in fundo” — was served in the coast of Corsica. museum, in a friendly and relaxed “The Etruscan phase on Corsica atmosphere. began at Aleria, and it also ended there. In the two days in Piombino, In 259 BC, the city fell to L. Cornelius October 27 and 28, the focus of the con- Scipio, who used it at his base of opera- tributions moved on to the newest tions for conquering the entire island. archaeological discoveries in This undertaking would keep the Populonia. Some of the talks dealt with Roman army occupied for a century and climatic and environmental changes would cost the lives of half the popula- from ancient times, especially those tion before the city became the capital related to the extension of lagoons and of the province of Corsica.”2 movements of the coastline. New exca- The high point of the Corsican part vations of necropoleis and of the area of of the Convegno were the visits to the the ancient city were presented, as well Museum and the excavations of Aleria. as unpublished data about older excava- The excavations include habitation sites tions. Contributions about the relation- as well as an extensive necropolis. The ships between Sardinia, Corsica and charming museum is filled with Etruria repeatedly featured certain Etruscan vases, armor, and grave goods objects that were among the most com- of all kinds from the tombs in the near- mon finds: the so-called Nuragic by necropolis. Some of this material, bronze faretre (quivers) and the navi- such as that from rich Tomb 33, had celle or miniature bronze ships, and been presented earlier at Bastia, and small “askoid” jugs. A type of impasto much of it was familiar from publica- olla produced in Corsica with a rough tions. The director of the museum spoke untidy decoration of incised lines has to the group and explained the past his- also been often recorded: Cristina tory of the museum, as well as future Chiaramonte had already suggested, in plans for a new museum that could Corsica, that it could be a common con- accommodate material now filling the tainer for the famous Corsican honey storerooms. mentioned by ancient authors. The next day, the 27th, the group On Thursday, October 27, a special took the ferry back to Livorno and went session was reserved for the recent, by bus to Piombino for the second part amazing discovery of a new inscription of the Convegno. The journey was from Populonia. Daniele Manacorda remarkably short and allowed the partic- had announced continued on page 11 Page 4 ARTICLES Aegean Lilies and the Ionia of the Archaic age may have led to Tomb of Hunting and the circulation of images derived from the same and brought by Ionian artists to Fishing at Tarquinia the West. There are other cases of such by R. Ross Holloway “archaeological” contributions to the visual arts. The “West Slope Ware” of Anomalies irritate the art historian. Hellenistic Athens showed a preference A progression can be charted. for elaborate geometric motives that Innovation, as long as it produces its could have been derived from Athenian own train of successors, can be appreci- Iron Age geometric pottery known to ated and praised. But the isolated devi- the Hellenistic potters from the discov- ation, for which there is no ready expla- ery of geometric tomb groups.6 nation, is an embarrassment. In all of Renaissance “grotesques” were ancient art there is no more egregious spawned from the frescoes observed by anomaly than the frescoes of the inner the sixteenth century explorers of the chamber of the Tomb of Hunting and Golden House of Nero.7 Fishing at Tarquinia. When these paint- Fig.1. Tarquinia, Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, inner chamber. Given its Aegean antecedents, the ings were made, in the last quarter of the panorama of the Tomb of Hunting and sixth century BC, the earlier apotropaic Fishing may be interpreted as a distant images of Tarquinian tomb painting echo of works like the marine panora- (lions, gorgoneia, birds, schemae eroti- mas of the West House at Thera.8 cae and the like) were giving way to a Viewed in this light, the Etruscan anom- convention under which scenes of the aly of the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing funeral celebration were painted to keep is less of an anomaly than a short-lived the dead company (and possibly to revival of ancient pictorial imagery that encourage them to stay put and refrain once recorded the waterborne festivals from molesting the living). There is of Thera.9 some of this new convention of funeral art in the inner chamber of the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing. But the scene of Fig.2. Detail, diver. Fig.3. Detail, lilies. conviviality has been removed to the tri- angular space left by the sloping roof of whatever were the importance and the Our documentation of Aegean paint- the tomb (what one might call a pedi- force of this inspiration derived from ing comes overwhelmingly from the ment or gable opening). The four walls some earlier work, and what and how palaces and villas of Bronze Age Crete, of the chamber are given over to a con- many may be the single elements taken from the site of Akrotiri on Thera, from tinuous panorama of life along the from the artistic and decorative tradi- the island of Melos and from the seashore (Fig. 1). There is fishing and tion, there can be no doubt that more Mycenean palaces of mainland Greece. fowling and a swimmer in the act of div- than anything else the vision and direct No Etruscan painter could have been ing into the water from the rocks (Fig. observation of nature have influenced familiar with any of these long buried 2). He is followed by a companion the unknown Tarquinian painter.”2 remains. And such places were certain- climbing the cliff behind him. There is There are clues in the wall paintings, ly not home to the Ionian artists who are an abundance of wildlife, both birds and however, pointing to a different story. thought to have migrated to Etruria and marine life. There is nothing like this in Among the unusual elements in the to have been instrumental in bringing a Fig. 4. Thera, complex Delta: Etruscan tomb painting, with the excep- scene certainly the most prominent is new style of representation into Room of the Swallows, detail. tion of a small section of one wall of the the coloring of the rock formation used Etruscan tomb painting. However, (All photos by author). Tomb of the Ship, of similar date.1 And as a platform by the diver.3 The purple, Aegean fresco painting was not limited the corpus of painted tombs at Tarquinia aquamarine and red of the undulating to Crete, the islands and mainland 1. S. Steingraeber, Abundance of life: is sufficiently large (some 200 in all) beds of stone remind one of the rock Greece. Asia Minor was involved as Etruscan wall painting (Los Angeles, that one may with justice use the term patterns of Aegean art. But how can well, as shown by the discovery at 2006) 153, 2 illustrations. “anomaly” in discussing the Tomb of Tarquinian painting of the sixth century Miletus of a Minoan-like building and 2. P. Romanelli, “La Tomba della Caccia Hunting and Fishing. be related to the art of the distant fragments of fresco painting from it.5 e della Pesca” Monumenti della Pittura In writing about the Tomb of Aegean a millennium or so in the past? What if archaeologists were not the first Antica Scoperti in Italia (Rome 1938 Hunting and Fishing modern authors Let us focus our attention on the lilies to bring such buildings and their deco- 15). can do no more than mask their embar- that sprout from those same rocks. rated walls to light? What if builders in 3. The rocks of the Tomb of the Ship are rassment with platitudes. More acute They are Aegean lilies, as may be seem the Greek city had stumbled on painting similar. The “lilies” growing from than most who have commented on the in the comparison of the detail from the reminiscent of those of the West House them, however, are rather rudimentary. question was Pietro Romanelli, who Tomb of Hunting and Fishing with the at Thera? What if observant wall Ilustrations Steingraeber, 153. published the fundamental monograph lilies of house Delta 3 at Thera (Figs. 3 painters saw the discovery and copied 4. Ch. Doumas, The Wall Painting of on the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing and and 4).4 How is it that Aegean lilies elements from it, even onto ostraka? Thera (Athens 1992) Delta 2, 99-107 pointed out the striking parallels reappear after centuries of being buried This string of hypotheses is not as far and esp. 100-105 for illustrations; the between these frescoes and Aegean in the dirt, whether they originally fetched as it may seem. And so a casu- West House, 45-97, illustration esp. 68- painting. But then he cautioned, “Still appeared on wall paintings or pottery? al discovery of Bronze Age frescoes in 79. continued on page 10 Page 5 Mario A. Del Chiaro: An “First fieldwork — that’s where I belong. I love to teach because I am a bit Etruscan Classic of a ham. I love putting things together, by Lisa C. Pieraccini analysis — intellectual super sleuthing (ISS) I call it.” When asked how Mario A. Del Chiaro, who is being Etruscology has changed today. He honored this year for Lifetime responded, “It’s getting technical — Achievement, was one of the first more areas are covered, easier to com- Americans to enter the field of pile information. In my day we had to Etruscology. He is well known for such rely on Italian excavation reports with works as The Genucilia Group (1957); no pictures!” Del Chiaro remarked on Caeretan Red-Figured Pottery (1965); how the field of Etruscology had been Etruscan Red Figure Vase Painting marginalized in the past: “Everybody (1974); and The Etruscan Funnel knows the Greeks and Romans. I used to Group: A Tarquinian Red-Figure Fabric irritate my Latinist friends by saying (1974). that the Etruscans had well constructed His story starts in California, where he homes while the Romans were living in lives today; he was born in San Mario Del Chiaro and Lisa Mario at Morgantina in Sicily huts along the Tiber!” His advice for Francisco to Italian immigrants on April Pieraccini at Berkeley. playing his guitar. young Etruscolgists today? “Get a good 22, 1925. Both parents were from Lucca background — go on a dig if possible — in Tuscany, a land that their son Mario Goleta. “What’s a Goleta?” was his ini- exhibition catalogs dedicated to visit all the museums you can, see as would honor years later. Though his tial reaction to the letter. Mario had Etruscan as well as Greek and Roman much as possible, so you can make father Casimiro, a stone cutter, was illit- never heard of Goleta, nor had any of studies. Two influential figures during sense of it! Stand in the topography, erate (Mario recalls his father practicing the maps he consulted. But it was a job Del Chiaro’s years at UC Berkeley were don’t just talk about columns — look at to sign his name), Michelangelo was a offer, and he accepted. This was the subjects of dedicatory works by him, as the location of a site: was there a river, household name, and Italian was spoken beginning of the Art History editor of Corinthiaca; these are Studies how close was it to the sea, etc?” Why in the home. Department at UC Santa Barbara, where in Honor of Darrell A. Amyx (1986) and did he choose to study the Etruscans? Upon his return from serving in the Del Chiaro played a vital role in the “An Etruscan (Caeretan) Fish Plate” in “There is an air of mystery which you Army-Air Force in World War II, he department’s formative years and was Studies in Honour of Arthur Dale can’t discard. I love their art. I love the attended the California School of Fine Chair two times. Trendall (1979). It was Massimo Archaic period. The Apollo of Veii is a Arts in San Francisco, and worked as a He was awarded numerous travel Pallottino who urged Mario to publish perfect example with its characteristic sculptor’s assistant for a retired priest, grants and participated in many excava- his (then) manuscript as The Etruscan Etruscan zest.” Father Sciocchetti. Sciocchetti, an artist tions all over the Mediterranean, includ- Funnel Group (1974). His list of grants As I drove away from my visit with and art collector, owned a considerable ing Sicily, Sardis in Turkey, Split and awards includes UC Berkeley my former professor, I couldn’t help but art collection, including two Etruscan (Palace of Diocletion), Solana in Fellowships in the 1950s, the Rome reflect on my days as his student at bronze mirrors. These mirrors were the Yugoslavia and the Roman Forum in Prize in 1958-1960, grants from the UCSB. I remembered a man who then, first Etruscan objects Mario had seen, Rome. The excavations in and outside Istituto di Studi Etruschi ed Italici, the as now, is a world renowned field and were the focus of his M.A. thesis at of Etruria, coupled with his years as an National Endowment for the archaeologist and scholar, an artist, the University of California Berkeley artist, afforded him a commanding view Humanities, the Deutsches musician, and inspiring teacher (“Two Etruscan Mirrors in San of Etruscan art, as shown by his prolific Archaologisches Institut, and in 1992, endowed with Tuscan wit and humor Francisco” AJA 1955). contributions to Etruscan vase painting, the Order of Merit, Cavaliere Ufficiale, and a zest all his own. Mario Del Chiaro entered UC where he recognized individual vase awarded by the Republic of Italy. He Berkeley on the G.I. bill in 1949. This painters and their provenience. He pub- was a regular guest lecturer for the Mario Del Chiaro Fund was the generation of students that made lished articles distinguishing the differ- Archaeological Institute of America Chris Hallett, the Chair of the History UC Berkeley what it is today. “We were ence between Faliscan and Caeretan from 1962-1992. of Art Department at the University of serious, we had matured during the war pottery. But his knowledge of Etruscan He is a great traveler and an avid gui- California Berkeley, is pleased to and valued our education.” He entered art expanded beyond pottery, bronze tar player, painter and sculptor — a hand announce that the Mario Del Chiaro as a studio major in UC’s Art mirrors, bronze statuettes, bronze cistae, painted putto adorns his kitchen ceiling. Fund for Etruscan Studies has been Department before transferring to Art stone sculpture, painted plaques as well And like any good Italian, Del Chiaro established at UC Berkeley’s History of History, where he became Darrell as Roman mosaics, terra sigillata and loves to cook. His favorite form of exer- Art Department with a generous gift by Amyx’s prized student. He met and Roman villas. Del Chiaro’s steadfast cise for many years was handball, but an the Etruscologist Mario A. Del Chiaro. studied with great other Etruscan pot- dedication to traveling and visiting artificial hip stopped him at the age of Del Chiaro is a UC Berkeley alumnus tery experts, H.R.W. Smith and A.D. museums allowed him to identify 80. He loves classical music and lan- (Ph.D. in the History of Art, 1956) and Trendall, befriended Sir John Beazley Etruscan works all over the world, guages, and has learned some Chinese, Professor Emeritus of UC Santa while Beazley was a Sather lecturer in bringing to light objects from famous Turkish and Arabic (often by auditing Barbara. The Del Chiaro Fund is intend- 1948-1949. Mario’s Ph.D. in the History and not so famous museums. While at classes at UCSB). He spends his days ed to support the study of Etruscan art in of Art Department in 1956, on an Morgantina in 1959, Mario discovered today taking daily walks on the Santa various ways: lectures in Etruscan art by Etruscan topic, was the second Ph.D the famous Ganymede mosaic, and also Barbara beach with his beloved com- distinguished visitors and research and produced in the department, with a dis- met his future wife, Christina. Their panion of five years, Carmela, who is a travel funds for students to visit archae- sertation on the “Genucilia Group” long marriage ended with Christina’s basset and beagle mix — Del Chiaro ological sites or participate in archaeo- (published in 1957), based on two death in 2001. claims, “That makes her a bagel.” logical excavations. The spring of 2012 Genucilia plates owned by Sciocchetti. Del Chiaro has left the field of I had the pleasure of visiting my for- will open with the first Mario Del While excavating at Morgantina, Etruscology with an impressive legacy, mer professor for his 86th birthday this Chiaro Lecturer, Stephan Steingraeber, Sicily in 1956, he accepted a teaching comprised of well over 100 scholarly past April. When asked about his fond- a long-time friend of Del Chiaro’s and position at the University of California, articles, 4 books, 3 monographs and 5 est memories of his career, he responds, specialist on Etruscan tomb painting. Page 6 Veii and the with an attached left ear supports this theory. Generally, the dogs featured on Terracotta Dog Corinthian and Attic pottery (for exam- by Gilda Bartoloni ple the Chigi Olpe), and on architectural terracottas or in tomb paintings (com- Archaeological research has been con- pare the Campana Tomb in Veii), are ducted at Veii since the middle of the usually considered to be greyhounds, 17th century. In 1996, through an agree- but here, the muzzle seems decidedly ment between the Università di Roma, more pronounced and the ears small and La Sapienza, and the Soprintendenza on top of the head. This dog resembles Archeologica dell’Etruria Meridionale, instead the Cirneco dell’Etna, a breed extensive research was initiated on two also known from palaeozoological fronts: in the field, and in the editing of finds. It was previously thought that the old excavations. This article pres- there was no evidence for this hunting ents some news of the excavation of the breed until the Roman period. settlement in the city of Veii, in the . Clearly visible on the top of the dog’s Piazza d’Armi (Fig. 1), conducted by head is the imprint of a human hand, students of Etruscologia and which has prompted the identification of Archeologia Italica at La Sapienza with the statue as belonging to a group. The the collaboration of students from the Fig. 2 various fragments discovered in the pit, University of Cambridge (UK), unfortunately without the roof attach- Copenhagen (Denmark), Groningen with longitudinal axes seem in most the middle of the 6th c. or a little after, ments, belong to an ankle-long dress of (Holland), and Ouhlou (Finland). cases to face large closed courtyards. clearly consistent with the other archi- a standing figure. It is not possible to The recent excavation, preceded by 4. The fourth phase, from the end of the tectural evidence of the Piazza d’Armi. determine the gender of the statue and geophysical prospection undertaken by 6th to the beginning of the 5th c., is One can identify roof tiles that, accord- even less whether it belongs to a deity. Salvatore Piro and the team of the characterized by strong building activity ing to the dates assigned by Stefani and Among the gods the dog is associated Istituto per le Tecnologie Applicate of on the plain, as the monumentalization examination by Nancy Winter, do not with Artemis. In Etruria the typology of the Beni Culturali of the CNR, was con- of the street seems to show; this can be correspond to those of the oikos. Artemis, the huntress, was adopted, tinued in the area of the “progetto Veio” connected to the construction of the Moreover, a fragment from an akroteri- especially in votive figurines, relatively of 1996. From the finds it seems clear dipylon gate and to the appearance of on volute and numerous elements from late. Her name in Etruria (Artumes) that the small plain of the Piazza porticoed buildings and artisans’ struc- an akroterion group were found. The appears at the beginning of the 5th c. BC d’Armi, connected to the wider plain on tures. To this phase can also be assigned type of clay undoubtedly relates to the in the form of Aritimi, inscribed on a which the city rested by a sort of isth- some fragments of architectural slabs first phase of Etruscan terracottas, as do fragment from Veii; this indicates that mus, assumed from the beginning of the with anthemion decoration from a cer- those found in the oikos.1 already in the 6th c. she had her own process of urban formation the function tainly prestigious building not yet A crouching dog (Fig. 2) and a stand- cult, related to that of Minerva, and in of cittadella and residence for groups found. ing figure with a long dress (Figs. 3, 5) the earlier of these representations she that would, already from the beginning In a sector chosen from a geophysical are securely identifiable. The pieces appears as an archer, generally in com- of the 9th c. BC, have played a preemi- survey of the northern area of the plain, already inserted into the reconstruction pany with Aplu. Associated with nent role in the Veientine community. about 30 m. to the northwest of the should make it possible to add also other Artemis is the representation of the From the information that has so far oikos temple, the 2009 excavation cam- pieces that have not yet been attached. Calydonian boar hunt depicted already emerged from the analyses of the old paign uncovered a large pit filled with The dog, 60 cm high, is of medium size on hydrae from Caere, where the theme and new excavations, one can identify at compacted debris consisting of frag- and build; the forehead and muzzle, and seems to have been chosen to exalt the least four building phases of the ments of roof tiles and other elements of especially the reconstructed measure- standing of the noble hunter. 2 She is Etruscan city: architectural decoration. The ceramic ments, if correct, resemble those of an consistently represented seated with a 1. A first phase of huts, from the 9th to material dates the closing of the pit to actual Italian hunting dog. A fragment dog next to her like the Sumerian Gula, the 7th century, seems to consist of goddess of medicine (Fig. 4). With this groups of sparse habitations: the identi- iconography is associated also that of fiable structures seem to be of a circular Asclepius and the more modern Saint plan with a conical roof held up by a Rocco, a divine figure also connected central pole. with cures. A dog’s head was found 2. To the second phase (end of the 7th among the votive objects of the Lapis to the first half of the 6th century) one Niger; images of bronze animals at can probably attribute the construction, Cortona and at Campo della Fiera at at the center and to the north of the Orvieto are interpreted as votive offer- plain, of at least two houses of aristo- ings associated with the sacrifice of cratic type with roofs richly decorated dogs. with architectural terracottas, and an Until now in Etruria no representations oikos temple, with at least two decora- of dogs connected with divinities have tive phases with procession scenes. been found from such an early period. In 3. To the third phase, the mid-6th cen- black figure pottery from the second tury, can be assigned an urban organiza- half of the 6th c., mythological scenes of tion, with a principal north-south street Meleager and Actaeon depict similar about 5 m. wide and minor streets per- dogs, which generally resemble those pendicular to it about 2.8 m. wide, and a connected with hunting and guarding. Fig. 1 Fig. 3 large piazza with a cistern; the houses The Tomb of continued on page 8 Page 7 Veii Dog, continued from page 7 (Capua). Faithful companions in life and the Dogs at Tolfa is contemporary, but beyond, dogs are represented in banquet not associated with a divinity. scenes on clay lastre that adorn palaces On the revetment plaques of the oikos in the late Orientalizing period; they are in the Piazza d’Armi, which are general- allowed to participate at the table of the ly of an older type and identified by master as decorative status symbols. Nancy Winter as belonging to the deco- We might identify the building on ration of the sloping roof, a dog is stand- which the terracotta dog stood as a place ing in front of the horse leading the sec- of residence, in the immediate vicinity ond biga (Fig. 7). This presence of the of a sanctuary/chapel connected to the dog on architectural slabs with carriage aristocratic cult (Fig. 8). processions appears unique. Dogs do not appear on slabs of the same type in

Fig. 6

Fig. 4 Fig. 8 which the procession moves towards the 1. I am grateful to all who helped me Fig. 5 right. The connection of the horse to the Fig. 7 examine the various elements in this armed man who is leaving, or at any rate someone otherwise connected with the of the dog is on the roof as a loyal friend text: Valeria Acconcia, Wilma Basilissi, participating in the procession, seems family residing at Piazza d’Armi. The of man or of the head of the household, Elisa Biancifiori, Claudia Carlucci, beyond doubt; the first biga, on the other hypothesis is further strengthened by where it functions as a guardian for the Donata Sarracino, who organized and hand, is preceded by an armed warrior, comparison to contemporary statues of protection of the family. The presence coordinated the work of students and not a dog. horsemen and seated figures, such as on roofs of domestic animals beside specialists in the laboratory. All draw- This scene from the revetment plaque those of Tuscania (Fig. 6). horsemen and seated or standing figures ings represented here are the work of confirms the hypothesis of an acroterial Even though one cannot exclude the (e.g., Tuscania and Murlo) occurs from Sergio Barberini. figure of a standing male with an ankle- association of the dog with a deity, it the first half of the 6th c., for example, 2. As amply shown by Alain Schnapp length dress, perhaps a forefather, or seems to me more likely that the place horses (Poggio Buco, Capua), and rams and Raffaella Bonaudo. A Sacred Mountain The excavations are also bringing out evidence of a stone enclosure wall that in the Heart of Etruria surrounds Mount Cimino, also dating to the Bronze Age. “There are so many Soriano nel Cimino (Il Messagero): A questions we have raised in these exca- sacred mountain in the heart of Etruria, vations,” says Laura D’Erme of the where, in the Bronze Age, votive gifts Soprintendenza Archeologica of were offered to the pagan gods and Southern Etruria. “What relationship sacred objects were burned in their existed between the inhabitants of honor. This has been brought to light by A view of Monte Cimino. Excavating stone enclosure wall. Mount Cimino and the nearby commu- the archaeologists of the University nities of Soriano? Was the mountain of Rome La Sapienza and the inhabited by the ruling class? Was this Soprintendenza Archeologica of the religious point of reference for Southern Etruria on Mount Cimino, Etruria? ” near Viterbo. The discovery, at the site Excited by the discovery the new of La Faggeta in Soriano nel Cimino, is Mayor of Soriano nel Cimino, Fabio one of the most important of the early Menicacci comments, “We have an area history of Latium, with artifacts dating rich in archaeological remains from pre- back to 1000 BC. historic times to industrial archeology. On top of the mountain, dominating This is the third excavation campaign north-western Lazio, over three thou- that we will continue to support with sand feet high, among the beech trees, increasing resources. We are hoping that Stratigraphic sequence of Bronze Late Bronze Age impasto shard over the past three years the team of the finds may remain here in Soriano. Age levels, on the summit. archaeologists, led by Professor Andrea with typical corded decoration. My dream is to make this mountain an Cardarelli of La Sapienza, has been from fires of cult worship, clear votive BC were performed involving the ritual archaeological site that is open to visi- excavating, discovering “a series of evidence,” because, he explains, “reli- of fire. Offerings were burnt for the tors and can become a driving force for stratifications with material resulting gious activities in the first millennium gods: sacred objects, food or animals.” tourism in the area.” Page 8 Fili e Tele: akroterion, and a small fragment of an antefix in the form of a female head. Dee, Donne e Case The architectural material and the vase A Ritual Deposit From the Pyrgi fragments indicate a date in the begin- Excavation ning of the fifth century BC, which would put it in the first building phase of A recent exhibition at the University period of Temple A. of Rome La Sapienza features a discov- The title, “Threads and Textiles,” ery made in the course of the excava- indicates the focus of the exhibit, which tions at Pyrgi, ongoing since the days of centers on the feminine aspects of the Massimo Pallottino, who first directed contents of the ancient fossa, particular- the excavation of the famous harbor ly appropriate in a sanctuary devoted to sanctuary of Cerveteri, ancient Caere. the worship of female divinities, as The “Fossa with the Loom Weights” in usual in harbor sanctuaries. The pres- Pyrgi was found in the new excavation ence of the loom weights might indicate area opened in 2009 immediately to the the location nearby of a building or area north of the Santuario Monumentale. specifically devoted to weaving, possi- This area was chosen, on the basis of the bly connected with the activity of the geophysical survey carried out by the archaic sanctuary. In this context, an Lerici Foundation in the 60s, in order to intriguing comparison can be made with better understand the boundary between the building at the Heraion della Foce the sanctuary and the harbor settlement. del Sele, where four looms had been set The ritual fossa was originally carved up to weave the garments for the statue out of the compact level by the side of Above, Design of the loom: the of the goddess. the ancient road, and contained a large frame (A); loom weights (B); The project was carried out by Maria number of loom weights, confirming the heddle (C); shuttle (D). Paola Baglione with Barbara Belelli ceremonial, sacred character of the Top right, Ritual fossa deposit Marchesini, Alessandro Conti, Laura deposit. It also contained – up to 80% of Maria Michetti, and Claudia Carducci. with loom weights among other the total — fragments of roof tiles and The design of the exhibit was carried ceramics, including part of a pedimental ceramic material. out by Biagio Giuliani and other mem- kalypter that originally supported an Right: Terracotta loom weights. bers of the team. Roman Ship Rome have uncovered the remains of a massive building close to the distinctive found at Ostia hexagonal basin or harbor at the center of the port complex, a university release (ANSA) Rome, 3 May 2011: An ancient said. ship has emerged from the ground at the "At first we thought this large rectan- Imperial Roman port of Ostia. This is a gular building was used as a warehouse, find that Culture Minister Giancarlo but our latest excavation has uncovered Galan said "gives you goose bumps." evidence that there may have been An 11-meter section of one of the ship's another, earlier use, connected to the sides has so far been discovered. Galan building and maintenance of ships," and the archaeologists said that the dis- Portus Project Director Simon Keay covery would make experts think anew Amazing 11 meter Roman ship emerges after months of excavation. from the university said. "Few Roman about the exact location of the port Imperial shipyards have been discov- where the Roman empire's biggest fleet ered and, if our identification is correct, was stationed and through which goods this would be the largest of its kind in travelled to and from the Imperial capi- Italy or the Mediterranean." tal. The building dates from the 2nd centu- "This great discovery tells us a lot ry A.D. and would have stood about 475 about the ancient coastline and what x 200 feet, an area larger than a soccer was happening about 2,000 years ago," field. Large brick-faced concrete piers said Galan, who rushed down to the site or pillars, some 9 feet wide and still after the find was made public. partly visible, supported at least eight Well preserved coils of rope lay Digital model of giant shipyard Archaeologists said they were expecting parallel bays with wooden roofs, the to find something in the area, where a intact in the sandy mud. (Photos courtesy SBAEM). researchers said. "This was a vast struc- major road bridge is being rebuilt, and bly move back the ancient coast line Imperial Roman Shipyard ture which could easily have housed had launched a program of rescue some four kilometers from where it is ROME, Science News, Sept. 22 (UPI): wood, canvas and other supplies and archaeology. Site director Paola now." Silt and river movements have International researchers led by British certainly would have been large enough Germoni stressed that this type of work pushed back the area of the once- archaeologists say they believe they've to build or shelter ships in," Keay said. "enables us to combine the demands of bustling port, which is now a major discovered a large Roman shipyard at "The scale, position and unique nature conservation of ancient artifacts with archeological site called Ostia Antica, Portus, the ancient port of Rome. of the building lead us to believe it the needs of the general public." the best-preserved ancient Roman town Scientists from the University of played a key role in shipbuilding activi- She said the discovery "would plausi- outside Pompeii. continued pompeiiiiiiiiPompeii. on page 10 Southampton and the British School at ties." Page 9 Menhirs Found in unfortunately broken to build the dry wall. This happened when people had Wall in Sardinia not yet realized the value of these pre- by Alessia Orbana, L’Unione Sarda historic sculptures,” explained the Translated by Larissa Bonfante archaeologist. In the examples from Samugheo is also found the motif of the A remarkable find, a wall made up of dagger. “This is typical of the decorated statue-menhirs, standing stelae carved rocks of the Alpine region. It is the same with human traits. More than 3,000 motif found in the menhirs of the area of fragments, a treasure trove of statues Luni. This means that Sardinia took part discovered in Samugheo, in an open in a broad cultural movement, it was not field, at “Cucurru and Lai.” The find is an isolated little island.” In prehistory, extraordinarily important, and could Sardinia was much more closely related qualify the site of Barigadu as one of the to the Continent and Europe than it is greatest prehistoric sanctuaries in Distribution of stelae in the third millenium Mediterranean cultures. today.” Sardinia, if not the greatest. The menhirs of Samugheo are quite This is the gist of what Mauro Perra, different from those of Laconi. “The Director of the Villanovaforru Museum, meaning of these mysterious symbolic reported in a press conference. Mauro motifs,” continues Perra, “takes us back Perra , working with the Soprintendenza to what was taking place all over of the Beni Archeologici e Culturali of Europe, where these sculptures are Cagliari and Oristano, the institution thought to represent boundary markers.” which directs the excavations, carried The menhirs of Samugheo vary in size: out by Emerenziana Usai, has for a some of them are as tall as 1.20 m. The number of years been in charge of the largest, best preserved pieces were used important archaeological finds in the for the base of the wall, but most of area of Samugheo. them are fragments. The goal now is to Perra has compared the find of the have a laboratory where they could be menhirs of Samugheo to that of the stat- restored. But that is not the only thing. Mauro Perra and wall of broken Statue menhir of type recovered ues of Monte Prama in the Sinis. These “It is such an important discovery,” says (Photos Villanovaforru museum). menhirs thus constitute a discovery of statue menhirs at Samugheo. the Mayor, “that the town council wants great historical and scholarly import. ning of June, a new excavation cam- are remarkable for their motifs as well to recognize the value of these objects They date back to the Bronze Age, in the paign has to date brought to light around as for their number.” Perra also spoke of by sponsoring new excavations. It third millennium BC; and they were 3,000 fragmnents. The team included, the motifs represented on the anthropo- would be ideal also to have a laboratory torn apart between the 1940s and 1950s aside from the Sopintendenza and the morphic statues found at Cucurru and on site for their restoration.” in order to construct a dry wall. The dis- archaeologist in charge, Perra himself, a Lai. “Around the third millennium B.C, covery, as explained by the Mayor of group of students, Mario Olivero and “he explained, “anthropomorphic sculp- Editors’ Note: For news of the Monte Samugheo, Antonello Demelas, and by Chiara Spiga of the University of ture spreads throughout Europe. In Prama statues, see Miriam S. Balmuth, the archaeologist, Perra, was quite acci- Cagliari, and two Americans, Jani Vida Sardinia these statues are concentrated “Archaeology in Sardinia,” AJA 96 dental. Excavations begun in the 1990s, Maro and Cameryn Clark. in certain areas – in Mandrolisai, (1992) 686. C. Tronchetti, ”Nuragic in the area of Pule Lutturi, had as their “We have here a momentous discov- Barigadu, Laconi and Isili. There are Statuary from Monte Prama;” B.S. goal the “Tomba dei Giganti.” Then in ery,” explains Emerenziana Usai. “For different symbolic motifs.” The statues Ridgway,“Mediterranean Comparanda August of 2008 came the momentous some years we have been trying to bring from Samugheo have as their special ...”; and L. Bonfante, “The Etruscan discovery of menhirs at Curru and Lai. the archaeological finds of Samugheo, traits the motif of the face, the upside Connection,” in M.S. Balmuth, editor, There were new, different motifs, never particularly the menhirs, which are spe- down U, and the central frieze, reticu- Studies in Sardinian Archaeology, vol. before found in the menhirs found so far cial to Samugheo, to the attention of late or herringbone pattern. II. Sardinia in the Mediterranean (Ann at Samugheo. This year, from the begin- scholars and the public. These menhirs “Around the 1940s, the statues were Arbor, MI, 1986).

Aegean lilies, continued from page 5 grotesques à la Renaissance, (London Anna Maria Moretti, archaeological preservation techniques," Moretti said. 1969). superintendent for Rome and Ostia Several Roman ships were found dur- 5. B. Niemeier, W.-D. Niemeier, “Milet 8. For the West House frescoes see Antica, said "the find is a novelty ing the construction of the nearby 1994-1995,” Archäologischer Anzeiger Doumas, cit., 99-107 and esp. illustra- because at that depth, about four meters Fiumicino Airport in the 1950s and are (1997) 189-84; “The Minoans of tions, 100-105. below the topsoil, we have never found now housed in a museum at Ostia Miletus,”, Aegeum 20 (1999) 543-554. 9. For the place of the Tomb of Hunting a ship, only layers (of buildings) and Antica. Ancient Roman Ostia, at the 6. H. Thompson, “Two Centuries of and Fishing in the history of Etruscan one single structure." since-moved mouth of the River Tiber, Hellenistic Pottery,” Hesperia 3 (1934) tomb art see my “The Development of "At the moment we only have a size- was built into a massive complex under 311-476 esp. 441-444. See comments, Etruscan Painting to the Mid Fifth able chunk of one side (of the ship), nei- the Emperor Claudius and given the however, by S. I. Rotroff, “Hellenistic Century B.C.” Ocnus 14 (2006) 143- ther the poop nor the stern." She also name Portus, meaning port. It was pottery: Athenian and imported wheel- 155. said there were "remains of ropes and expanded under successive emperors made table ware and related material,” cables" in the ship. "Restoring the vessel such as Trajan and Hadrian and served The Athenian Agora, vol. 29 (Princeton Roman ship, continued from page 9 will be an extremely delicate operation," as a base for many of the empire's great- 1997) 65, to whom I owe both refer- Although it attracts far fewer visitors Moretti went on. "We're keeping it con- est expeditions. Ostia was also the ences. than Pompeii, many enthusiasts say it stantly covered in water so that the depot channelling the vast wealth, grain 7. N. Dacos Crifò, La Découverte de la offers a similar thrill and feel of ancient wood does not dry out. "The wreck must and other supplies needed to feed the Domus Aurea et la formation des life. be treated with highly sophisticated appetites of the Imperial city. Page 10 Tumolo della Regina di ments of the walls and even more complex figural representations of uncertain Tarquinia, Fourth meaning, possibly religious. New Excavation Campaign research, however, has allowed us to by Alessandro Mandolesi clarify the dating of the paintings. They represent one of our first examples of In September 2011, the fourth excava- exterior decoration in Tarquinia: creat- tion campaign on the monumental ed outside, painted for the living, domi- “Tumulus of the Queen,” was conclud- nated by a broad flight of steps that wel- ed; it was sponsored by the University comed the participants to the aristocrat- of Turin, the Soprintendenza Ceremonial entrance platform. ic ceremonies. Archeologica of Southern Etruria and originally covered by a wood roof. The excavations were supported by the the city of Tarquinia, in collaboration Lazio Region, Fondazione Cassa di with the Institute for Conservation and Risparmio di Civitavecchia, by the Restoration. The tomb of the Kostelia and Maninter Europa Groups, Orientalizing period (seventh century by New Holland Construction and the BC), the largest in Tarquinia, is located Civita Association. The work has seen in the Doganaccia, in the heart of the the determined participation of private Etruscan necropolis of Monterozzi sponsors without whom the resources in (UNESCO site). the field would not have been sufficient. The archaeological work has revealed The combination of the university and the majesty of this princely tomb, its students, professional archaeologists, volunteers and private investors has divulging unexpected architectural and Wilma Basilisi and Rosa Lucidi decorative features, both pictorial and been a testing ground for a new “busi- Pompieri remove heavy stone sculptural. The excavations revealed an excavate remains of the calesse; ness” formula that could become the additional external feature of the struc- behind them, the painted plaster door from sealed right chamber. basis upon which to develop archaeo- ture, which would seem intended for wall and right chamber entrance. (Photos Manuela Nigiotti). logical research in the coming years. cult worship and was originally reunions of the powerful noble family intact plaster, of alabaster gypsum - Tourism and cultural activities, collabo- adorned with large animal sculptures in groups who were leaders of the commu- influenced from the Near East, likely ration with local offices for the dissemi- nenfro. Also completed was the investi- nity of seventh century B.C Tarquinia. Cyprus - that covered the walls of the nation of research initiatives, theatrical gation of the front of the tomb reveal- It is important to note that in the right great entrance hall and the two side performances directly on the site: these ing the presence of a large theatriform corner of the vestibule were recovered chambers. The research has confirmed are the solutions for finding resources in entranceway covered originally by a the remains of a large transport vehicle, the presence of traces of painted decora- order to reduce dependence on increas- wooden roof. The space, periodically probably a “calesse.” tion in red and black (the colors of the ingly scarce public funding. The archae- attended by the descendants of the pres- Thanks to the Institute for the oldest tomb painting in Tarquinia) repre- ological site has been enhanced by the tigious founder of the tomb, was des- Preservation and Restoration we have sented by bands of double stripes that website the “Via dei Principi” tined to host funeral ceremonies and been able to recover the remains of rare, highlight the main architectural ele- (www.viadeiprincipi.it).

Convegno, continued from page 11 meaning, a proper name occurs (her- the discovery in the popular magazine, sume[—-]), and in the last rows, perhaps Archeo (see page 21), and then immedi- a negation (ei[—-]), and the Etruscan ately entrusted Enrico Benelli with its word for “writing” (ziχ). It is hoped that presentation at the Convegno. This new discoveries will provide further long, sacred inscription comes from the fragments of the inscription. In consid- sanctuary in the Forum and dates from eration of its possible, as yet uncon- the first half of the second century BC. firmed chronology, it could have been Unfortunately it was found out of con- related to the first phase of the sanctu- text within the ruins of a wall of the late ary, perhaps even to its foundation. Republican phase. Finally, those who remained for the What remains is a fragment of text last day, Saturday the 29th, enjoyed a from a wider whole that once was a remarkably informative visit to the monumental gift inscription to a god excavations in Populonia, blessed with whose name, in the genitive case, has a perfect weather. In most cases those –urnzl ending. The following word, who had carried out the individual exca- cvera, is an Etruscan term for “sacred,” vations explained the finds and their rel- known from other votive inscriptions. evance for the history of Populonia. After some other words of obscure 1 From Luigi Donati’s account of Above, Roman forum at Aleria. Etruscan-Corsican relations and of the Left, the Via Sacra of Populonia. excavations at Aleria, “The Etruscans Right, Giovanni Camporeale on Corsica,” in G. Camporeale, ed. The toasts conference co-organizer Etruscans Outside Etruria (2004) 274- Dominique Briquel. 279. (Photos by M. Nielsen). 2 Donati, 279.

Page 11 MUSEUM NEWS

Giacometti and the der figures. The shock was such to Giacometti that he wished to go further Etruscans in the understanding of these people The Pinacothèque de Paris presents and their art. This revelation is one of from September 16, 2011 to January 8, the essential keys to understanding his 2012 a never-before seen look at the way of creating the best known and work of the sculptor Alberto strongest work: the representation of Giacometti. Experts and fans of the long vertical figures. artist have waited over fifty years for an The artist went to Tuscany to further exhibition of this nature, entitled his research on this ancient civilization. Giacometti and the Etruscans. It was at Volterra that he discovered the Giacometti's interest for primitive iconic Etruscan sculpture, “Evening figures is found very early in his work, Shadow.” The famous figures of but Etruscan art in particular caused a Giacometti, the series of women and considerable upheaval in the artist. He the Venice Walking Man, can not be tion with her colleague Gratian icized for the bad conditions in discovered this brilliant civilization in understood without reference to that Gazzarri. “To see the urns of Guarnacci which it frames its priceless her- the archeology department of the slender and powerful sculpture. flooded with light creates a feeling that itage, patches of black plastic have Louvre, during the exhibition of art and The Pinacothèque de Paris presents you can not describe," she says, and she disappeared and some parts of the civilization of the Etruscans in 1955 in for the first time this very special union. makes a small self-criticism, a sign of floor were re-covered. "We are Paris. This strange and mysterious The Evening Shadow will be accompa- an administration that sees the current waiting for new labels from the people created an art form nied by more than one hundred limits of the Etruscan museum and plans Superintendency that are presently unique in quality, richness and Etruscan objects, mostly from the to take action. "Here each piece is being prepared, and soon we will beauty, composed mainly of Guarnacci Museum in Volterra and remarkably displayed, from the most have more funds for improve- carved sarcophagi and power- some from the Archaeological Museum well-known to those which, among ments." On the drop in visitors ful warrior figures. The of Florence, exhibited together with many others that constitute the assets of from last year: "The data show Etruscans also developed a about thirty sculptures by Giacometti. the Etruscan Museum of Volterra, are that it is not so much a problem of sculptural form of carved slen- While the Ombra della Sera not always ‘at home.’ They successfully individual visitors, but a drastic seduces Paris, improvments are shine in their full beauty," and again, decline in the number of school underway at the Guarnacci "At last, in a shrine at the center of a group field trips." The Guarnacci museum has conquered room, with a play of light raining down Paris. It has seduced the prestigious from the ceiling creating the shadow Pinacothèque directly with the stellar effect, here is the Evening Shadow, exhibit "Giacometti and the Etruscans." flanked on his side by two Giacometti "I was impressed to see Paris with all statues, which seem to be his body- the posters that advertised the show and guards." then we, too, joined the long line of vis- Satisfied and enthusiastic, the admin- itors that had formed in front of the istrators of Volterra return home full of museum," said Volterra’s cultural asses- good intentions. Meanwhile in the sor Lilia Silvi, abroad for the inaugura- museum building which is heavily crit- Museo Mario Guarnacci, 1761. Letter from Volterra famous arch, its steep streets (they project. Piazza dei Miracoli, in Pisa, and The Leaning Tower of remind me of San Francisco), and love- the Leaning Tower are wonderful, it ly medieval piazze. Once there, you can says, but you are not able to see all the Volterra speak to the loyal inhabitants, who details of the Tower. This Leaning by Larissa Bonfante would never want to live anywhere else. Tower, built on a scale of 1:25, three One of them once explained to me meters high, and consisting of 25,000 This summer I was in Volterra, one of proudly, “We don’t eat at noon, we eat at different parts, was completely built by my very favorite Etruscan cities, and I one o’clock.” By which he meant that hand, using traditional tools and meth- stopped in at “Rossi Alabastro,” the they were not factory workers, who ods. The bells and all the other metal alabaster workshop of Piero Fiumi. He slavishly obeyed the twelve o’clock parts are made of silver, the tiny mosaic is the son of Enrico Fiumi, the psychia- lunch whistle, but free craftsmen who is made of six different colored stones, trist-archaeologist who excavated voluntarily take their break for their all from local quarries. Volterra’s beautiful Roman theater using pranzo at one. It is a very moving example of Italian the patients from his mental institution At Piero Fiumi’s I was told about a craftsmanship, a feature that many mod- — a wonderful example of archaeologi- most beautiful of the decorated recent project that involved the alabaster ern Italians have inherited from the cal ergotherapy. Piero, who is as devot- Hellenistic ash urns of Volterra, Chiusi workers of Volterra. Under the guidance ancient Etruscans, along with the land ed to the city as his father was, carries and Perugia. Seeing this ancient tradi- of the President of the Associazione and the sense of beauty that informs on the ancient Etruscan tradition of tion at work is one of the joys of Arte in Bottega of Volterra, Renato Italian design. working the alabaster found in the near- Volterra, a city that enjoys the isolation Casini, a group of craftsmen made a The Tower was on exhibit at the by quarries – this was the alabaster from of its location – one has to take a wind- scale model of the Leaning Tower of Ospedale Civile, Volterra, from April 20 which ancient craftsmen carved the ing road to reach the top, and find its Pisa. A booklet (photo) explains the to September 15, 2011. Page 12 Dated to 600-560 BC, it features geo- Museo del Mugello metric and plant (especially lotus) pat- by Rebecka Lindau, Rome terns, and a female chorus with raised hands. The style resembles Archaic When traveling this summer, I came sculpture from Chiusi. upon an interesting and exceptionally Of particular interest to readers of well-organized museum in Tuscany. The Etruscan News is the material from the Archaeological Museum of Mugello ongoing excavation at Poggio Colla and Val di Sieve is located at Dicomano, near Vicchio di Mugello directed by a town in the mountainous region north- Gregory Warden of Texas A & M, spon- east of Florence. Recently inaugurated sored by Southern Methodist after years of arguments reflecting com- University, Franklin and Marshall peting interests among Florence and College, and the University of various local, provincial, and regional Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology. authorities, the museum is located in the (See elsewhere in this issue for the latest Palazzo Comunale in the town’s Piazza remarkable find.) two semicircles (Fig. 1, above). tangular Etruscan structure (32x11.5 m., The stelae and cippi were found in with a wall measuring 1.60-2 m). The the areas of Londa, Frascole, and finds range from the 5th c. BC to the 1st Sandetole. These large trapezoidal or c. AD. The building may have been a tear-drop shaped stelae are made of temple or possibly the fortified resi- sandstone and date from the Archaic dence of the gens Velasna, with a fami- period (530-480 BC). They are decorat- ly chapel. ed with reliefs. Several of the stones A remarkable stele was discovered have plant motifs such as a palmette on in 2000 at Sandetole in the area of top, and preserved bases have wedges to Travignoli, at Pontassieve (Fig. 4). situate them better. The first stele was Three metopes decorate the large trape- discovered at Londa, in the area of San zoidal stele, each featuring a unique Leolino, in 1871 (Fig. 2). One side fea- subject. Above is a symposium scene, tures a seated female figure with pro- with two figures lying on a kline, attend- nounced head and chin; she holds a twig ed by a female figure and a youth. In the with three pomegranates in her right lower portion are birds, possibly chick- hand. The other side features a sphinx. ens. The middle panel features a dance The stelae generally have two sides, scene with three figures, one playing an with only one side decorated with fig- aulus. The lower panel features two ures, the sole exception being the Londa lions attacking a deer. Another stele was stele. found in a field at Aiazzi, close to Another stele, found in 1959 near Sant’Agata (Fig. 5). It is a trapezoidal the Church of San Martino at Frascole stone with an armed man in profile. car- in the township of Dicomano (Fig. 3) rying a lance and a shield, who has been depicts a bearded figure, possibly an identified as Italic rather than Etruscan augur holding a lituus in his right hand. because of his stocky proportions. In addition to the stele, Frascole has A cippus discovered at Il Piano Fig. 2. Stele di Londa. revealed the foundations of a large rec- where the streams Stura and Lora meet. Fig. 4. Stele di Travignoli For those interested in exploring this della Repubblica. The artifacts represent Etruscan region further, a booklet, Sulle thirty years of archaeological research vie degli Etruschi, describes some paths by the Soprintendenza of Tuscany at to follow. Suggestions include starting Poggio Colla (Vicchio), “I Monti” (San from Contea and passing through Piero a Sieve), San Martino a Poggio Sandetole to il Poggio di Frascole or (Dicomano), Coiano-Podere Massapaia from Dicomano to Poggio Giovi or from (Vaglia), Ortali-Mantigno (Palazzuolo Londa to Petroio and Maestà di Tizzano. sul Senio), Borgo San Lorenzo, and The booklet, which is free, can be found Cafaggiolo. in the museum, and at the public library The museum’s show pieces are the in Londa, situated by the town’s charm- so-called Fiesole stelai found in this ing lake. The site of Frascoli, excavated area, elaborate stone markers that were since 1978, most recently under the most likely placed on Etruscan tumuli to direction of Luca Fedeli of the mark important graves or funerary mon- Soprintendenza della Toscana, has a uments in a necropolis, and to mark as long and steep approach but the climb is well the importance of the gens. Their well worth it. Museo Archeologico significance, however, is not entirely Comprensoriale del Mugello, Alto clear since no stone has been found in its Mugello, e Val di Sieve. Piazza della original location. Ten stelae and cippi Repubblica n.3 50062 Dicomano. Tel. are exhibited in display cases forming Fig. 3. Stele di Frascole. Fig. 5. Stele di St. Agata. 39-055-838-5407/8. Page 13 Politics and Leaders The best preserved example is from Tomb 1, which, including its tiny yoked in Latium at the horses, is only 10” long. The chariot has time of Aeneas sides curved forward and terminating in Museo Nazionale Preistorico curls. The platform was of braided Etnografico leather, of which fragments remain. The “Luigi Pigorini,” Rome axle is set at the rear of the chassis and 18 November 2011-15 January 2012 the wheels have five spokes. Traces remain also of the leather straps that This exhibition and its catalog present bound the pole to the yoke, which is of archaeological documents of great the so-called neck-yoke type. The hors- importance for the reconstruction of the es have bodies of cast bronze and feet of initial developmental phases of primi- tin, inserted laterally. tive Lazio and Rome, and makes much The chariots equipped with railings clearer the framework of the period that with curled terminals on the parapet begins with the emergence of the Latin (antyx) have long been the focus of spe- cultural identity at the last phase of the cialized studies, which focus on finds in Bronze chariot model from Tomb 1 and digital reconstruction (inset). late Bronze age (11th-10th c. B.C, the Italy as well as representations in Italy Ist Latian period) to the traditional date across the Alps. On pages 60 and 61 of of the foundation of the city of the catalog, Adriana Emiliozzi states Romulus (ca. 750 BC). Exhibited are that the best known chariots with curled tomb groups from the sites of Colli railings in Italy come from the tombs of Albani, Grottaferrata, Marino, and Warrior A and Warrior B at Sesto Rocca di Papa, and recently discovered Calende, which are much later (ca. 600 burials from the northwestern slopes of and 575-550 BC); these are comparable the Colli, at Santa Palomba and to depictions from Cerveteri, Castro at Quadratus Torre Spaccata. Vulci, Chiusi, Montefortini-Comeana Particularly interesting are the results and in the art of the situlaes. All these vehicles differ from the chariots of of recent excavations by Anna De Tomb 2, the presence of the Tiny bronze sword and sheath Santa Palomba in the placement of the Santis in area of Santa Palomba 20 kilo- miniature knife and double with remains of ivory finial. meters from the ancient via Ardeatina, a platform, which is balanced on the axle. shields indicates a priestly role. privileged transit point in connections the gods. These are the indicators of a The huge chronological gap between the between Rome, the Colli Albani, and tion is reserved for personages who held priestly role, while the sword indicates miniatures in question and later repre- the coastal centers of Ardea, Lavinium a more important social role: political- the role of military-political leader. sentations leads one to think that the and Satricum. Evidence from the pre- military heads and priests. Of particular interest among these Santa Palomba type evolved over the historic period consists of groups of The distinguishing elements of these tomb groups are those of Tombs 1, 2 and centuries, and adapted to enable the both burial and cremation tombs cover- functionaries are present in grave goods, 6, in which the burial of a chariot con- chariot to carry two people standing one ing the entire sequence of Latial culture miniature in form but faithful in every stitutes the oldest documentation of a behind the other . from the first period to the Orientalizing detail to real objects: a knife, double funerary practice that in pre-Roman The catalogue was prepared by Anna period (11th to early 6th century BC.) shields, and a statuette that reproduces Italy continued until the beginning of De Santis (Rome 2011). Microcosm The traditional ritual of Latian incinera- the deceased in an attitude of offering to the 5th century BC. publisher, 72 pages, 46 figures in text. The Defensive Walls of Bloch for the upper wall circuit of square-cut tufo blocks on Poggio Bolsena: New discoveries Moscini. by Enrico Pelligrini (SBAEM) The excavation took place with diffi- culty because of the high water table, A comprehensive review of the devel- which required the constant use of a opment of the defensive walls of water pump to expose the totally sub- Bolsena — after the many excavations merged structures. Because of this situ- conducted by R. Bloch of the École ation, and given the precarious state of Française de Rome between 1946 and the blocks of tufo, for the future preser- 1949, and two important chance discov- vation of these structures and in the eries in 1957 (a section of wall on the Upper wall section Via Orvietana. New wall section on Via Pescara. interests of the Soprintendenza via Orvietana) and in 1960 (Porta Archeologica, the best solution was to Capite) — has recently been undertak- wall built of square blocks of tufo, inter- and that for defensive reasons they came re-bury the walls and impose alternative en. It was the result of an archaeologi- rupted by the base of a corner tower. right up to the shoreline; they complete- requirements for the construction of cal excavation required by the SBAEM The “dry” construction technique and ly closed off this sector of the lake, as housing units, so that the construction in preparation for the construction of the use of two different types of tufo, as illustrated at the IV International did not affect the walls in any way. housing units in loc. La Pescara, a resi- well as the presence of signs and letters Seminar for the Study of Polygonal dential neighborhood of Bolsena, on the engraved on a few blocks of the wall, Walls held at Alatri in 2009.1 1. E. Pellegrini, F.T. Fagliiri, Z. Buch- shores of the lake. establish a close link to the walls inves- The chronology of the pottery found icchio, E. Severi, La cinta muraria di Here, in fact, two excavations between tigated by R. Bloch. These factors sug- during the excavation dates the walls to Bolsena (Atti del IV Seminario 2003 and 2009 (see Etruscan News 13) gest that the walls of Bolsena were around the beginning of the second cen- Internazionale di Studi sulle mura polig- have brought to light two sections of a designed and built with a unified plan, tury BC, the same date proposed by onali). Page 14 Leiden, continued from page 1 by a richly illustrated catalogue both in enjoyed equal status to men, both in the Dutch and in English, plus a varied socio-cultural sphere and in religious program of activities, including lectures, roles. guided visits, courses, secondary school Etruscan women, priestesses and educational material and Etruscan tours goddesses, the exceptional social posi- through Tuscany and Umbria. The exhi- tion of women, plus their role as wives bition features more than 200 works of and mothers, their beauty ideals, fash- art on loan from the National ion and jewelery, are central themes in Archaeological Museum (Florence), the the Leiden exhibition. The Amsterdam Villa Giulia (Rome), the Capitoline exhibition presents the Etruscans from Museums (Rome), the Vatican a male perspective, with attention to Museums (Vatican City), the Etruscan men’s wealth and mercantile Archaeological Museum of Bologna, spirit, displays of power by military the Archaeological Museum of leaders, the prophetic skills of priests Verucchio, the British Museum and the luxurious lifestyle enjoyed by (London), the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek the aristocracy. This will be the first (Copenhagen) and the Royal Museums exhibit in the Allard Pierson Museum’s of Art and History (Brussels). new and considerably enlarged exhibi- The exhibition has been organized tion space. with the support of the Italian Cultural Highlights of the exhibitions are the Institute (Amsterdam), the Italian objects found in the sumptuous grave Embassy (The Hague), the Mondrian tombs, gold jewelery and bronze Foundation, the Prince Bernhard weapons, figures of gods and goddess- Culture Fund, the European Union es, characteristic cinerary urns, poly- Directorate-General for Education and chrome frescoes and richly decorated Culture, the SNS Real Fund, the ceramics, accompanied by spectacular Stichting Charema - Fonds voor 3D reconstruction of the famous Geschiedenis en Kunst, the Friends of Regolini-Galassi Tomb, architectural the Allard Pierson Museum, RoMeO models and films. (Friends of the Rijksmuseum van The exhibition will be accompanied Oudheden) and the BankGiro Loterij. Above,Tomba del Triclinio (oil) G.Mariani, 1895 . Left, Bronze Turms. Granulated gold cuff, detail. Center, Granulated gold brooch. Right, Terracotta seated female. Bronze urn hunting scene, detail

The Etruscanning 3D active 3D reconstruction that responds the 3D reconstruction. The basis for this precious gold jewellery. Around her to the motion of individual visitors, cre- reconstruction was a laser scan that were a throne, silverware and two project ating the impression they are actually provided a three dimensional point bronze cauldrons. In the right side The Etruscanning 3D European project walking through a tomb (photo above). cloud. Photogrammetric data were used chamber was a cinerary urn with the was initiated as part of the research for 3D scanning of Etruscan tombs to determine the form and dimensions of cremated remains of a man. The left side the exhibition “Etruscans. Eminent The famous Etruscan tomb, the Tomba the image. Computer graphics and a chamber housed silverware. In the sec- Women, Powerful Men”. It is directed Regolini-Galassi, has been reconstruct- geographical information system (GIS) tion of the dromos immediately before by the Allard Pierson Museum and is a ed in 3D especially for the exhibition in incorporated spatial data and informa- the main chamber were a bronze bed collaborative enterprise involving vari- Amsterdam and Leiden (photo above). tion on geographical objects. and a wealth of grave goods, including ous museums and research organiza- This tomb, from 670-650 BC, is named The Tomba Regolini Galassi bronze shields, bucchero ware and ivory tions in the Netherlands, Belgium and after Archbishop Alessandro Regolini Recent research has clearly demon- implements. Italy. Etruscanning 3D is exploring the and General Vincenzo Galassi, who dis- strated that this was an elite tomb for a The contents of the tomb have spent possibilities for three-dimensional covered it in 1836. The aim of the man and a woman, an Etruscan prince the past 150 years in the Vatican reconstruction and visualization of Etruscanning 3D project was to recon- and princess. It was initially thought that Museums, in the Museo Gregoriano Etruscan tombs, which can encourage struct the original context of the tomb, the tomb was for three people. The tomb Etrusco, which was specially fitted out new, scholarly insights into Etruscan in order to show the public how it origi- consists of a long entrance passage (dro- to accommodate these treasures. A num- funerary culture and furnish valuable nally looked. The tomb was therefore mos), cut from the rock, leading to an ber of these actual objects can now on new archaeological information. Minute scanned in its present state and com- elongated main chamber (cella). On view in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden scanning of Etruscan tombs and re- pared with old excavation reports, plans either side of the dromos are two small and the Allard Pierson Museum. Two of examination of all the finds from these and archaeological objects. side chambers. The cella housed the these artifacts are incorporated in the tombs are combined to develop an inter- Various techniques were combined for interment of a woman, covered with 3D reconstruction of the tomb. Page 15 the wall, while they found the majority NEWS FROM THE FIELD of the other small finds in the area excavated on the north side of the wall, in the Archaeologial Sampling north corner of the square. The presence of the drain signifies a relationship around the Baths at between this wall and the nearby bath Carsulae complex, and the wall’s alignment indicates a relationship to the Imperial peri- by Joanna C. Mundy, od cistern, which is located about 50 m. Emory University to the northeast. The drain angles The sixth excavation season at slightly downward toward the north side Carsulae extended from June 7 to July of the wall, which had been coated with 23, 2011, in preparation for the con- hydraulic plaster, scant traces of which struction of a roof to cover and preserve remain against the northern face.8 This the bath complex. Before it could be angle either indicates that the drain undertaken, 2 meter by 2 meter units released water to the north or that this had to be excavated in twelve areas, pipe is a flue, releasing heat outward to which will contain the foundations for the south. the roof supports. As we excavated The large number of small items these areas, the placement of the units found on the south side of the baths in also afforded us the opportunity to sur- Fig. 3. Wall in square S6 crossed by a coppa, roof tile, used as a drain the deepest stratum supports the conclu- vey areas of the site in the immediate or flue. sion that the drain from the central bath vicinity of the baths that had not been area was oriented toward the south. did not extend below the discard layers, bly identifiable as Valens. The mintmark whereas on the east end, in S6, ancient dates the coin of Maxentius between structures lay 0.3 m. deep, below the 308 and 312; that of Romulus dates dump material. from between 309 and 312, and the The top two discard layers contained coins of Constantine (Fig. 2), from the evidence of modern excavation. The early 4th c.4 These dates reaffirm the top soil of all units displayed the ele- current theory that Carsulae was inhab- ments commonly found elsewhere on ited well into the 4th c.5 The presence the site in modern dumps from the exca- of these later coins in the most disturbed vations of Umberto Ciotti in the late layers may indicate that they were on 1950s.1 Glazed pottery continued to be the surface when the inhabitants aban- found in the subsequent layer over a doned the site. The latest date found, meter below the surface.2 Below the top between 364 and 378, on the Valens Fig. 1. Coin of Trajan Decius, AD two layers was a dense clay layer, which coin suggests a late 4th c. abandonment Fig. 2. Coin of Constantine, 249-251, obverse. contained similar rubble, such as frag- of Carsulae.6 The coins confirm that the Alexandria mint, obverse. previously excavated. ments of architectural brick, tile and disturbed soil, whether slide from near- This season also helped clarify which The bath sits below the city on a stone, though largely more worn than er the cliff or debris from earlier exca- areas surrounding the baths contain shelf of land slanting from a high point the rubble in the two previous layers. vations, only consists of soil from con- dumps from previous excavations and to near the cliffs to a low point south of the This wear indicates that this third dump texts at the end of the bath’s occupation. date these discard heaps to the latest baths. The six north units rest on the is from a different deposition, more like- Excavations discovered two walls period of the baths. The depth to which high area of soil, and the six south units ly due to rain wash than to excavation. this season, one of which was in S4. these dump layers extended calls into sit almost 3 meters lower, closer to the The deepest layer of rubble may have This wall consists of opus-vittatum- question the ancient topography of the elevation of the bath. This depth dis- been completely ancient. The soil sized stones connected in a short line. bath area. It has always appeared that crepancy suggested at the beginning of showed little change from the layer Because it consists of only one course, it the bath sat on a small shelf above a the season that the south units were above, but in the bottom 20-30 cm. of may be a foundation. The wall appears fossa to the south and below the cliff, more likely to come down on any archi- squares S2 to S5 the soil contained no to be located beneath the second modern which forms a natural agger to the tectural structures relating to the bath, as modern materials. The datable items at dump layer, at the level of the clay dump north.9 The post-ancient accumulation was the case. This report will focus on this level were largely coins: notably, soil. It may have been left exposed in of soil, however, reached depths possi- the south units. two coins of Trajan Decius, datable to late ancient times, and debris slowly bly equal to the ditch, previously identi- The south units showed similar between September 249 and July 251 covered it from the north. This wall will fied as the fossa. Thus the fossa may be stratigraphic features. The majority of from the Rome Mint (Fig. 1).3 The be preserved from destruction when the a later addition to the landscape, and stratigraphic layers consisted of four large number of small items, including plinth is placed for the roof. therefore needs to be reassessed in the discard layers from earlier periods: two multiple bone hairpins, and the decrease The wall found in S6 was best pre- bath area. This stratigraphy provides modern layers, above an earlier dump, in architectural debris may indicate that served, a well-constructed wall of opus new information on the life of the site, and finally a possibly ancient discard the drain for the baths released water in vittatum that was crossed by a terracotta and the structures discovered will guide layer. The refuse material extended sig- this direction. The late date of the coins drain or flue (Fig. 3). This wall, while future seasons’ excavation. nificantly deeper on the west end, which indicates that we reached only the top previously unknown to excavators, lay we had to excavate because the roof layer of this flow area, deposited in the only about 0.3 m below the surface, and 1 Whitehead, “Preliminary Report of the construction required that all the south final years of the bath’s use. thus had been exposed for a long time, Excavation of the Baths at units reach the same absolute depth Higher strata contained two coins of making the context of its finds difficult Carsulae,” Etruscan News 9, Winter below the datum point. Units S1 and S2 Constantine, one of Maxentius, one of to assure.7 Excavators found two large (2008) 4. continued on page 18 reached 1.75 m. below the top soil, and the deified Romulus, and a fourth possi- amphora fragments on the south side of Page 16 Ancient Images of a Mother Giving Birth Found by Rossella Lorenzi Discovery News

An international team of archaeologists has unearthed what might be the earliest representation of childbirth in western art, they announced October 19, CVA Heidelberg (2) Deutschland, 2011. The unique find shows the head XXIII, 1089, PL 54:6) and shoulders of a baby emerging from Lastrone a scala from Tarquinia. an Etruscan goddess, suggesting that a mother. The intimate scene was found deposits indicate that for some part of its Poggio Colla was the location of a cult- on a small fragment from a ceramic ves- history, it was a sacred spot to a divinity site for an Etruscan fertility goddess. sel that is more than 2,600 years old. It or divinities. “She would represent a new Etruscan was excavated by William Nutt, a grad- The abundance of weaving tools and myth, as we know of no Etruscan god- uate student in anthropology at the a stunning deposit of gold jewelry dis- dess who gives birth in Etruscan University of Texas at Arlington who is Detail of Poggio Colla fragment. covered in previous excavations, have mythology,” Perkins said. The find, legally blind. England. “Such images are rare in suggested that the patron divinity may which will be detailed at the annual About 1-3/4 x 1-1/4 inches (4 x 3 ancient and classical art. A few, much have been female. In this view, the meeting of the Archaeological Institute cm), the fragment was part of a vessel later Greek and Roman images are ancient depiction of childbirth becomes of America in Philadelphia in January, is made of bucchero, a typically Etruscan known, but this one dates to about 600 even more interesting, according to “a most exciting discovery” according black pottery. The image shows the B.C.,” Perkins, who first identified the Greg Warden, Professor and Associate to Larissa Bonfante. head and shoulders of a baby emerging scene, told Discovery News. Dean for Academic Affairs at the from a mother. Portrayed with her face Poggio Colla is one of the few sites Meadows School of the Arts at SMU Editors’ note: See pictures above of in profile and a long ponytail running offering insight of the Etruscan life in a and a director of the Mugello Valley Etruscan comparisons on a lastrone a down her back, the woman has her non-funerary context. It spans most of Archaeological Project. “Might it have scala from Tarquinia with an image of a knees and one arm raised. The image Etruscan history, being occupied from some connection to the cult, to the kind crouching woman, though without a could be the earliest representation of the seventh to the second century B.C. of worship that went on at the hilltop baby. Another stamped image, from a childbirth in western art, according to Centering on the acropolis, a roughly sanctuary?” Warden wondered. Caeretan redware brazier also dating to Phil Perkins, professor of archaeology at rectangular plateau, the site was also Perkins speculated that the woman 600 BC, shows a figure squatting over the Open University, in Milton Keynes, home to a sanctuary: numerous votive giving birth could be a representation of an object (perhaps a child?). scene, with speculation ranging around Digging it up a figure possibly enthroned. by William Nutt I would not hear about the piece again for several days, and it indeed slipped Over this summer my wife Hannah my mind, having been consigned to a and I had the distinct pleasure of attend- mental category of interesting finds. ing our first archaeological field school. However, that next week we were told As graduate students in the discipline, that, after cleaning, the piece might have we were seeking to expand our knowl- greater significance than initially edge and experience in an exciting set- thought. With the expert examination of Drawing by Morgan Burgess. ting. With the recommendation of a pro- Dr. Phil Perkins, the small fragment fact and that, through some small part, I fessor, we applied to study in Italy with gained surprising import as it appeared have contributed to this learning. Dr. Gregory Warden, excavating the PC 41 Trench team, l-r Christ- to contain a birth scene, unique in Although we tackled weeks filled with Etruscan sanctuary site of Poggio Colla. ina McSherry, Cameron Turley Etruscan art. hard work, I have left Poggio Colla Initially I was trepidatious. As a blind Margaret Green, Matt Warden With this revelation I found myself enriched as a person. True adventures individual, I wanted to fully participate William Nutt, Bailey Minehart. simultaneously exhilarated and grateful. such as this seem distant until they are in the dig without compromising the The find is one that has reaffirmed my Lower right: The fragment. actually occurring, and I am grateful for integrity of the excavation. Dr. Warden chosen career path and shown that we all the people, both staff and students, was encouraging and in concert with On July 5, the second day in our still have much to learn even from the who made this one possible. Cameron Turley, my trench supervisor, assigned trenches after a week of prepa- smallest finds. I feel deeply indebted to helped my wife and me create several ration and rotation between assign- Dr. Warden for giving me the opportuni- stratagems with which to approach the ments, our trench was exposing and ty for discovery, my wife for supporting problem, focusing primarily on careful beginning excavations on Stratum 5, a me through my worries and frustrations, excavation techniques and adaptive black layer with a clay-like consistency and not least of all to Cameron for technology for field recording. These which was rich in pottery. The day assigning me to excavate that fortuitous fears were unfounded; as soon as we before our team had uncovered numer- location. arrived on site, the remarkable staff ous small pieces, but that day I exposed While I did not handle the fragment worked to encourage teamwork and two sherds with incising, one of a feline again, Dr. Perkins included it in our lec- cooperation among the students, which I and the other which appeared to be quite ture on bucchero later in the season. I feel greatly enhanced all our experi- the mystery. After mapping the spot, truly hope that as our understanding is ences. several guesses were taken as to the increased through the study of this arti- Page 17 An Etruscan Temple in wooden vertical elements (the lintels San Lorenzo Nuovo (VT) and the slope of the tympanum); these by Enrico Pelligrini are decorated with plant motifs inter- spersed with the heads of Silens and On Monte Landro, the highest peak of youths. Completing the series are beau- the Monti Volsinii above the northern tiful waterspouts that retain a lively shore of lake Bolsena (elev. 2000 ft.), painted decoration of palmettes and Enrico Pelligrini (SBAEM) and Adriano lotus flowers; these protruded from the Maggiani of the University Ca' Foscari roof and could be have seen from below. View of lake Bolsena seen from the plateau of Monte Landro. of Venice have begun to excavate an The decorative terracotta group from Etruscan sanctuary hitherto virtually the temple on Mount Landro finds its unknown. The site was discovered and precise comparison in the production recognized as a place of worship by Dr. from Orvieto, in particular that used in Pietro Tamburini. Now, however, a the temple of the Belvedere, except that campaign of systematic excavation it appears in its formal features to be a already in its first phase (May-June little more recent, dating back probably 2011) has achieved noteworthy scientif- to the beginning of the third century BC. ic results. Consistent with this dating are also the The survey area extends just below the few votives so far collected on the site. summit of the hill, on a wide open ter- These include a clay model of a club, race overlooking lake Bolsena. It is Ridge tile with a floral motif. evidence of a cult to the god Hercle (the surrounded by an imposing wall of tufa Roman Hercules); small stone bases that blocks, which both serves as a contain- originally held votive bronzes; pieces of ment wall and defines the borders of a cast bronze (aes rude) and coins, offered sacred space. At the center of this area very commonly in sanctuaries; and a stood a rectangular building built with loom weight inscribed with a siglum, a foundations of carefully squared tufa possible clue to the worship of a female blocks. The ratio of the building's divinity. length to its width (3:4) corresponds If the moment of greatest flourishing perfectly to the requirements that Above, Satyr head antefix. of the shrine was in the third century Vitruvius gives the Tuscan temple. It Below, Measuring the temple BC, it perhaps coincided with the estab- can therefore be affirmed that the struc- foundation blocks. lishment of the new Volsinian city after ture found is an Etruscan temple of a the deportation of the population from canonical plan. Above, Bronze triens, ca. 275 its original settlement at Orvieto to The building, which had walls of B.C. Below, The tufa block Bolsena, but the life of the sanctuary unfired mud-brick with a supporting and the temple was not limited to this retaining wall of the temenos. structure of wood, was covered by a period. Evidence suggests that this site richly embellished tile roof. The excava- was frequented from the seventh centu- tion has recovered two types of shell- ry BC at least into the second century shaped antefixes, one with the image of AD, as evidenced by a bronze coin of a satyr wearing a leontes (lion-skin cap) Antoninus Pius. The abandonment of and one with a female face; both retain the temple and its destruction, probably much of their original lively poly- with special rituals, must have occurred chrome. Found together with the ante- around 200 AD, as attested by the pot- fixes were many fragments of architec- tery collected among the temple's archi- tural plaques made to be nailed onto the tectural terracottas. Carsulae, continued from page 16 University of Glasgow by the Ox- Romulus, Romulus the son of While the coin could match Valens, 2 This was in S1. Glazing technology ford University Press, 1962) 238-43. Maxentius, would have been posthu- Valentinian I or Valentinian II, the reached Italy around the beginning 4 The Maxentius coin, found in S1, mous from between 309, his death, date range remains AD 364-378 due of the 13th c. Luzi and Tuscia, shows his bust on the obverse and and 312, and is a standard type. Sear, to the periods in which all three pro- Museo della ceramica della Tuscia has a reverse showing the Ostia Roman coins and their values, 47, duced this type. Sear, Roman coins (Viterbo Italy: Sette città, 2005) 13. mintmark (MOSTP.) and figures of 318-9. and their values, 345-7, 9-51. 3 The Victory on the reverse identifies Caster and Pollux, see Sear no. 5 Whitehead, “The Baths at Carsulae. 7 It is not found on Ciotti’s plan of the the coin found in S3, object 12. See 3776. The Constantine from a high Excavations and Survey 2004- baths. Whitehead, “The Baths at number 40 and 41, plate 77 in depth in S6 shows a bust on the 2008,” FOLD & R 187(2010) 5. Carsulae. Excavations and Survey Roberston. For the other Trajan obverse, with a Sol Invictus on the 6 The coin presents a bust with diadem 2004-2008,” 3. Decius from S6, object 17 (fig. 1), reverse.The second Constantine (fig. with the text D N VAL visible, and 8 Personal correspondence with Dr. see number 48, plate 78 in 2) from the balk in S1 at the lower on the reverse has the text SECURI- Whitehead. Robertson. Robertson, Roman impe- dump layer has the Alexandria mint- TAS REIPUBLICAE with an 9 Whitehead, “The Baths at Carsulae. rial coins in the Hunter Coin mark, ALE. Sear, Roman coins and advancing victory. Pearce, Excavations and Survey 2004- Cabinet, University of Glasgow their values (London: Seaby, 1988) Valentinian I-Theodosius I (London: 2008,” 1. (London: Published for the 46-8, 324. The coin of Divus Spink and Son, 1951) 116-23. Page 18 A rock-cut sanctuary to the goddess Vei, who was venerated by the Romans as Ceres. dedicated to Demeter The very small cella with a gable roof, (Vei/Ceres) contructed of peperino blocks and ori- Vetralla, Macchia delle Valle ented according to the cardinal points, by Maria Gabriella Scapaticci was built outside the cave, but hidden very well in between the cave walls, The natural surroundings The cult statue of Demeter/Ceres/Vei A rescue-archaeological excavation, was found inside the cella resting on a carried out by the Soprintendenza per i simple monolithic bench of peperino, Beni Archeologici dell'Etruria on which was also found a female head Meridoniale (SBAEM) in Vetralla (Vt) thought to represent Demeter's daughter, at "Macchia delle Valle" in May and the Greek Kore/Persephone, whom the June 2006, following a carabinieri Romans called Proserpina. report of illegal activities, has identified Outside the cave it has been possible to an Etruscan-Roman sanctuary, until now establish the existence of a cult terrace completely unpublished. from which libations for the cella were The area is highly interesting because poured into the ground. of its natural setting, deep in a forest of Also found was a votive deposit oak trees, which even today evokes offered for fertility and for the healing

Stone gable roof of the cella. Cella from top, Demeter in situ. strong emotion. It had been used con- of diseased body parts; it consists of tinually over the centuries as a quarry anatomical votives and fragments of for peperino: hence the name "Pietrara" Hellenistic and Roman ceramic molds. given to the small town nearby. The sanctuary saw at least three cen- Evidence of that same activity emerged turies of use and, for reasons unknown, from the excavation, where the remains was deliberately abandoned at the of quarry cuts probably dating back to beginning of the second century AD. So ancient times came to light. that it would never be violated, it was The site still retains the ancient sealed under a considerable, homoge- roadbed leading toward the sacred area; The grotto entrance, enclosed by a stone wall in the last century. neous layer of debris from the ancient in fact, still very evident are the traces (Photos and drawings courtesy SBAEM). quarry. of a typical Etruscan road cut into the Furthermore, in the Classical period entrance is a wall constructed in the The cult statue of Demeter enthroned bedrock along the town road that con- around the Mediterranean, water is industrial age to make the space into a The terracotta sculpture of small pro- nects the hamlet of Pietrara with a foun- linked to chthonic cults. sheepfold; in fact, the cave has formed a portions, represents a female figure tain called "Fontana Asciutta." The The narrow natural fissures in the rock natural shelter, utilized by humans at wearing a chiton with a high waist and a ancient road is still used to this day, to walls of this sanctuary site impart to it a various periods. cloak that covers her head. In her right reach a spring that is located further special charm; it is a natural environ- The most striking discovery of the hand she holds a patera umbilicata; her downstream. ment rich with suggestions that it was a archaeological excavation was the cella left hand has an ancient break and lacks The proximity to a water source is in privileged place for communication of a female deity, whose statue with the the first three fingers. Perhaps they itself a very important element in the with a deity. cult furnishings was found still in situ, were represented as holding a bunch of reading of the history of an area, since The sanctuary in exceptional condition, virtually just wheat, a clear reference to the fertility of water has always attracted a human The plan of the sanctuary complex is as the structure was left in antiquity. The the earth. The work is typical of the presence and has always conferred divided into sections, which lie partly in goddess is identified with the Greek Hellenistic period, from the late third to sacredness to caves where it is present. the open and partly in the grotto. At the Demeter, assimilated by the Etruscans the early second century BC. Page 19 The Fibula Praenestina was publicly some doubts still remained of its rele- LANGUAGE presented for the first time in 1887 by vance and somebody could even para- Wolfgang Helbig (1839-1915), archae- doxically imagine that the text of the Fibula, continued from page 1 ologist and learned scholar, expert of fibula could have been a copy of a gen- The event was noteworthy: new Etruscan antiquities and collaborator of uine inscription, which had since been analyses give final evidence that the Theodore Mommsen, who was the lost (and actually in the past somebody gold fibula as well as the inscription are acknowledged master of humanities in did suggest this!). authentic, and date from the the 19th century. So we come to the new scientific Orientalizing period, in the first half of News of the discovery caught the evidence of the research team of the seventh century BC. This statement attention of scholars from all over the Edilberto Formigli and Daniela Ferro, arrives after over a century of debate, world, especially because of the impor- whose optical, physical and chemical ever since the first official presentation tance of the inscription, which was analyses have finally won the day. On of the fibula at the German immediately recognized as the most June 6, 2011 they showed the results of Archeological Institute in 1887. Its ancient known document of the Latin their research to a public among which importance is clear, since many scholars language. At that time the jewel was The Fibula mounted in the scan- were many of the scholars who were doubted the genuineness of the inscrip- owned by Francesco Martinetti, an anti- most interested in the matter, Aldo ning electron microscope (CNR). tion until that fateful day of June. quarian from Palestrina who some years Prosdocimi, Carlo de Simone, Giovanni It will be worthwhile to chronicle earlier had been among those who dis- Guarducci’s articulated and well-justi- Colonna, Annalisa De Bellis and others. the amazing tale of the fibula, a genuine covered and excavated the famous fied doubts about the Fibula As had already been shown by the earli- archaeological find whose origin was Bernardini Tomb of Praeneste, modern Praenestina, together with the suspcious er analyses, the Fibula is authentic; even shrouded in such mystery that its falsifi- Palestrina, where the rich grave goods and almost conspiratorial behaviour of an ancient repair, a restoration that had cation was often considered a solution. included several other fibulae of the Helbig and Martinetti concerning the been regarded as modern, has now First, some words about the object same type as the Fibula Praenestina. origin of the jewel, convinced a many proved to be as ancient as the jewel. itself. A fibula was an element of dress There was therefore soon a suspicion scholars that the inscription of the But there is more: recent analytic used by both men and women to fasten that the Fibula had originally come from Fibula should be excluded by studies on techniques allow scientists to take into together the edges of a garment or of a the Bernardini Tomb, and already in Latin language. consideration smaller scraps of the sur- mantle. Basically it was a decorative 1898 Georg Karo indeed stated this Then a long and hard debate began. face of the object than they were able to brooch or safety-pin, with a long pin hypothesis, on the grounds of confiden- Especially favorable to the hypothesis do in the 80s. Specific observation by fixed by means of a catch and with a tial information by W. Helbig himself. of the fibula’s being a fake were some means of SEM (Scanning Electron decorated back designed to remain visi- That is why two years later Luigi linguists, such as Aldo Luigi Prosdocimi Microscope) and consequent detailed ble. The Fibula Praenestina belongs to a Pigorini transferred the fibula from the and Marco Mancini in Italy, or Eric P. physical and chemical analyses on the type known as a drago, characterized by Museum of Villa Giulia – where it had Hamp in the US. Others, such as surface of small areas within the track of a long catch and a twisted bow with been since 1889, listed as a “special gift Gerhard Meiser or Philip Baldi, did not the incision showed the existence of short lateral knobs. It is a piece of jew- by Cavaliere F. Martinetti” – into the take a stand. Archaeologists and anoth- micro-crystallization of the gold-sur- elry, but it was not necessarily given as National Prehistoric and Etnographic er group of linguists, on the other hand, face: a natural phenomenon that can a brooch on its own. I believe that such Museum, where the Tomba Bernardini stood up for the authenticity and for have place only in the course of cen- pieces of jewelry, found unattached in was on display. However, officially nei- Helbig’s trustworthiness: Giovanni turies after the fusion. That is to say, the the tombs, though surely most valuable ther Helbig nor Martinetti ever con- Colonna, Carlo de Simone, Annalisa Fibula Praenestina as well as its inscrip- and elegant, were part of a whole cos- firmed the supposed origin of the fibula, Franchi De Bellis, but also Rudolf tion are genuine, and the marks and tume and belonged to a particular robe which – if proved true – would have Wachter, Heikki Solin and Markus spots detected on the surface are the or a decorated and precious garment, meant a charge of theft for the latter, Hartmann and others. result of clumsy operations of cleaning along with other elements of dress that who had had in his hands part of the In the early 80s, scientific analyses and restoration realized by unskilled have not left any archaeological evi- findings after their discovery. carried out by Edilberto Formigli to ver- hands after the discovery of the jewel. dence. This is a point that we should As a consequence, further publica- ify M. Guarducci’s hypothesis and the There is no way that a 19th century forg- keep in mind when evaluating the mean- tions dedicated to the Tomba Bernardini response came out for the authenticity er could have realized such a forgery. ing of the rests of funerary equipment did not include the Fibula Praenestina, of the jewel; but some doubts remained This much at least is what an archae- within the grave goods. condemning it to isolation, with the about the inscription, which could have ologist like me, not trained in the exact The value of the Fibula Praenestina result that in 1960 it appeared as sepa- been added on a genuine ancient object. sciences, could understand of this excit- is enormously increased by the long rate from the rest of the tomb goods This was the final conclusion of Prof. ing announcement. A detailed report of archaic Latin inscription engraved on its when these were transferred to the Guarducci until her death in 1999. the new data and their scientific mean- catch. This records the gift of the object Museum of Villa Giulia, where they still Important new evidence in favor of ing will soon be published in a special by a Manios to a Numasios: remain. the genuineness of the text came from a issue of the Bullettino di Paletnologia MANIOS : MED : FHE:FHAKED : Later, in 1979, Margherita new Etruscan inscription of the Italiana, together with comments and NUMASIOI Guarducci, the great scholar and expert Orientalizing age published by Massimo impressions of the scholars who were “Manios made me for Numasios” in epigraphical matters, cast a terrible Poetto and Giulio Facchetti in 2009. In present at the event. By now we can be The meaning of the verb is actually shadow on the authenticity of the fibula, fact the long inscription scratched on the sure that the inscription has been defini- “he made”: but this is almost surely no suggesting that it had been realized by body of an Etrusco-Corinthian aryballos tively brought back, and made available goldsmith’s signature. It is rather the Wolfgang Helbig himself, who had shows a gentilicium, Numasiana, which once more for further linguistic and name of the rich donor: a sort of “sig- enough knowledge and competence to provides confirmation of the genuine- archaeological research. We can expect nature” of the gift, which probably create a believable fake. ness of the name Numasioi on the Fibula a period of renewed efforts to under- implies that the production of the jewel, Her authoritative sentence was Praenestina, often regarded as suspi- stand the meaning of the fibula, and to or of the robe it belonged with, had been released in front of an even more cious by the supporters of the theory track back the history of its discovery realized within the household of the authoritative assembly: the Accademia that it was a forgery. Though this piece and its original context — was it really donor himself. dei Lincei in Rome. So Prof. of evidence seemed to many decisive, the Tomba Bernardini after all? Page 20 An Important New Etruscan Inscription found on the Populonia Acropolis: A magnificent gift of ancient recycling by Maria Letizia Gualandi and Daniele Manacorda

The wonderful part of Italy that cradles the remains of ancient Populonia continues to yield to us documents of its amazing history. The promontory of Piombino has seen the rise and the fall of the only major Etruscan city built on the coast, its port, its metallurgical industries, and its temples, monumental- ized when Rome - between the third and second centuries BCE - extended its influence over the community, before incorporating it permanently into its empire. For years, the Soprintendenza for the Archaeological Heritage of Tuscany has coordinated, under the direction of Dr. The stone fragment measures 23 x 25 x 26 cm. and 5.5 cm. thick. Massimo Dadà, it’s discoverer. Andrea Camilli, a large research project Below right, the site at Val di Cornia Archeological Park. Top, the inscription as found. at ancient Populonia involving several a transcription of the text. The entry, wait for the text to reveal the name of series of clues of various kinds have led universities. The excavations on the which must be read from the right to the the god who was the recipient of the to the assumption of the existence in Acropolis, which are currently under- left, is: offering, the nature of the offering, the this place of a shrine dedicated to the way, are the work of teams from the name of the donor and the circum- cult of Aphrodite-Venus, the great University of Pisa and Rome Tre. This [---]urnzl.cvera.[---] stances surrounding the dedication. Mediterranean patron goddess of seafar- research is sponsored by funding from [---]u.sulicletram[---] In the penultimate line we read the ers. It would be nice to have epigraphic the Bank of Savings of Livorno and the [---]ntu.hersume[---] term zilch [---], which refers to the act evidence for this hypothesis. support of the City of Piombino. [---]ianiśerc.θ[---] of writing, or better, to the act of incis- But the interpretation of this new text A fragment of a stone slab incised with [---]u.rinuχ.ei[---] ing the text. The word for "offering" could go, or quite possibly does go, in a an extraordinary epigraphic text in the [---]l.ziχ[---] may be indicated by the term sulicle- completely different direction. The Etruscan language was recovered during [---]θ[---] tram at the end of line 2. The name of new inscription may reveal, in fact, the excavation of a collapsed wall (probably the donor follows in line next line. The name of a heretofore unrecognized built in the late Roman period), which We refrain here from a substantive dis- term cletram, thought by some to mean deity. We leave it to specialists to ana- extends to the rear section of the so- cussion of the content of the text, which "basin" or "basket" may appear here as lyze the text and evaluate the possible called Temple C. The uniqueness of the will require additional study, given the part a new compound noun that could interpretations, which we await with find is that the inscription, although difficulties with the interpretation of the refer to a particular quality or function great anticipation. fragmentary, has a long text, composed Etruscan language, attested here by of this type of container. But the inter- We hope that Val di Cornia of 14 words (54 letters) separated by some words hitherto unknown. We sim- pretation of sulicletram is controversial; Archeological Park, which was opened punctuation marks and distributed in ply note that the form of the letters point it could have a totally different meaning. in 2007, continues to surprise us with seven rows. Because the text is religious to a date in the late Hellenistic period The name of the deity should precede fascinating archaeological finds. And in nature, it is one the longest sacred (II-I century BC), which is the period of the word cvera. We expect, then, the we acknowledge the splendid work of inscriptions ever discovered incised on the increasing Romanization of genitive of a theonym that indicates the students at the site, who, even in dis- stone. Populonia. The presence of a few lin- divinity to whom the object was dedi- tressing times for archaeological What makes this find truly exception- guistic clues, such as the term cvera cated. And it turns out that the final part research in Italy, generously give of al is that its great historical and scientif- (sacred offering), places the interpreta- of a name in the genitive (-l) precedes their time and labor, thus demonstrating ic importance will not fail to draw the tion within the religious sphere. It is cvera. Genitives ending in -l are charac- their belief in the value of our historical attention of specialists, epigraphists, lin- therefore possible that the inscription teristic of the names of various deities, and cultural heritage. (Photos, Archeo) guists and scholars of civilization originally came from the area of the such as, for example, Fufluns, Nethuns, Etruscan. In order to make sure that sanctuary that in the Etrusco-Roman Selvans. But we do not know the name news of the discovery was circulated period housed three great temples, and of a divinity whose final syllables corre- widely, the scientific community and the which can be seen in the Archaeological spond to ]urnzal in line 2 of the text. We public were informed about it within Park of the Acropolis. still know little about the religious cults days. The stone was probably inserted in a on the acropolis of Populonia. Pliny We are delighted to publish a photo- base, perhaps an altar, which was itself speaks of the existence of a Temple of graph of the inscribed stone in its origi- the offering or the support for an object Jupiter, which is thought to be recog- nal condition as well as a first attempt at dedicated to a divinity. We will have to nized as Temple B. For many years a Page 21 Early Etruscan table, which presumably held the funer- Thrones in Olympia ary meal. However, in other parts of by Ingrid Strøm Etruria and especially in South Etruria, the barrel-shaped thrones were large and In several Greek sanctuaries we have free-standing. They are found in tombs examples of early Italic/Etruscan bronze with military prestige objects of the objects that probably were from cloth- above-mentioned types as well as with ing offerings, and military equipment other objects which not only indicate a such as horses’ harnesses, lance heads, high social status, but also a religious- swords, helmets, greaves, and – in great political sphere as e.g. a scepter or a litu- numbers -- shields with stamped decora- us, the curved staff that signified a rul- tion. The majority can be dated between ing member of the society performing ca. 750 and 650 BC. Until now Etruscan ritual functions. In early Etruscan figur- arms and armour were found in only al art, the same kinds of religious-polit- four Greek sanctuaries, including the ical symbols were carried by persons Panhellenic sanctuaries of Delphi and seated on barrel-shaped thrones, which Olympia. Often the bronzes are regard- therefore most likely should be con- ed as dedications by Greeks, and the ceived as prerogatives of members of warriors’ equipment as spoils of war or the ruling family. On the basis of sever- the result of trade. al examples in Veii of the symbolic However, a few Italian scholars with Fig.1. Top: fragment, Olympia objects connected with the barrel- whom I fully agree (Gilda Bartoloni, Museum Ol. IV 1007. shaped thrones and of one fragmentary Mauro Cristofani, and Cristiano Iaia) Fig.2. Left: throne from Chiusi statue of a person seated on such a interpret the warriors’ equipment as Area. The British Museum. throne, I am inclined to conclude that the Olympia throne came from Veii, an dedications by upper class Etruscans. Fig.3. Below: throne from For one thing, they are to a great extent important South Etruscan town with an Verucchio, Tomb Lippi 89. prestige objects unfit for military use; early bronze production of high quality this applies e.g. to the helmets of -- objects from which appear also in impressive size and the thin bronze Greek sanctuaries -- and a town known shields which never had the backing for its independent Near Eastern rela- necessary for protection. Also, they tions. present a picture closely resembling that In part, the two Olympia thrones of the of the aristocratic warriors’ burials in 7th century BC must be viewed in the Central Italy in the 8th and the 7th cen- light of the earlier established tradition, turies BC, where the military outfit sig- where upper-class Etruscans dedicated nifies the rank of the deceased person, a prestige objects symbolizing their social member of the ruling elite class. Objects status to Greek sanctuaries. However, of such venerated character would hard- the barrel-shaped throne as a symbol for ly be subject to mercantile transactions, an Etruscan ruler initiates a new tradi- but might well be given as votive offer- tion of Near Eastern origin. Apparently ings, of which there are a few examples the custom of dedicating thrones to the in Etruria. the Arimnestos throne may be a coun- most important Greek sanctuaries com- Three early Italic/Etruscan objects in terpart to the well-known wooden menced around 700 BC with the throne Olympia stand out from the prevalent throne with intaglio decoration in the given to Apollo in Delphi by King donations. One is a bronze tripod censer, aristocratic tomb of Verucchio, Fondo cannot be estimated, but the plate defi- Midas of Gordion in Phrygia; this was presumably of Apulian origin and dated Lippi Tomb 89, dated to the first half of nitely formed part of an object of con- presumably a wooden throne with inlaid to the second quarter of the 7th century the 7th century BC (Fig.3). Its venerated siderable size. Only two possibilities for decoration like the wooden furniture in BC; definitely of religious character, it preservation in Olympia for centuries identification come to my mind, either late 8th century BC Gordion tombs. As is possibly an official dedication. The indicates an exceptional object of art. part of a two-wheeled chariot (its high pointed out by Oscar Muscarella, the two others are Etruscan thrones, of The second Olympia throne is pre- curved back or the semi-curved side of gift by King Midas ought to be viewed which the most well-known was given served only as a fragment of a thin its foot-board) or the fragmentary back in terms of political interests. to Zeus in Olympia by King Arimnestos. bronze plate, measuring 19.6 cm. in of a barrel-shaped throne (Fig. 2). Correspondingly, each of the two It was still seen by Pausanias in the sec- width and 5.7–7.12 cm. in height; its Against the former suggestion speak its Etruscan thrones in Olympia, the one ond century AD, and since he consid- relief decoration with incised details lack of any sign of fastening to another given by King Arimnestos and the other ered it the earliest foreign dedication in consists of two partly preserved, curving material as well as its double curvature, possibly by the King of Veii, should pre- Olympia, it can hardly be later than the friezes of double arcs and palmettes, features which, however, perfectly fit sumably be interpreted as an official early Archaic period. According to respectively, separated by a relief line, Etruscan barrel-shaped bronze thrones diplomatic gift to the principal sanctu- Giovanni Colonna, the root of the name ca. 42 cm. in diameter (Fig. 1). A for- with flaring back. Obviously a South ary of Zeus, and at the same time an Arimnestos points to an inland Italian mer identification with an early Etruscan Orientalizing product, the announcement of the supreme political- axis, northwards reaching the Etruscan shield can be rejected, because throne back has its closest stylistic par- religious status of its donator. Verucchio-Rimini area, where the name their ornamentation was always with allels around 650 BC. may specifically belong. An observa- stamped motifs. The fragment shows a In the tombs of the Chiusi area, small, Bibliography: Proceedings of the tion by the German scholar, Thomas curvature in the horizontal as well as in barrel-shaped thrones functioned as Danish Institute at Athens III (2000) Völling, seems convincing to me: that the vertical direction. Its outer diameter seats for the urn, placed in front of a 67–95, and VI (2009) 122–123, 133. Page 22 Discover Bologna with Medieval, and Renaissance periods, up until the eighteenth and nineteenth cen- "Apa the Etruscan" turies. The "guide," of course, is "Apa," the funny character found on the bronze Apa is the first 3D stereo HD movie vase in the Archaeological Museum of created for an Italian museum. Its goal Bologna. The art designers have given was to tell the story of Bologna with a him an interpretation true to his nature. historically valid animated film, a 3D He is a small man with a big belly, short short in which viewers of all ages can legs and a kind of sombrero. He was enjoy a journey through 2700 years of given a name, Apa ("father" in Bologna's history. Etruscan), and a voice, none other than The film, which premiered on April that of Bologna's own singer-song 21, 2011 at Bologna's Future Film writer, Lucio Dalla. Festival, is entitled "Apa, alla scoperta The film's historical reconstructions di Bologna" and grants a new life to an Apa explains Villanovan Felsina. were achieved with rigorous scientific Etruscan ancestor through the magic of technology by CINECA and Lilliwood. 3D. It will permanently run in the newly When on a casting search for a pro- restored Palazzo Pepoli to inform and tagonist for the lead role, the film's entertain visitors as part of the director, Joshua Boetto Cohen, visited Bologna's future Museum of the City of the Museo Archeologico Civico di "Genus Bononiae." The film's director Bologna, and there on the famous considers that "this is a pilot program, "Situla della Certosa," a bronze vase of not only for Bologna but for the entire the seventh century B.C, he met his Italian peninsula. I do not rule out this man: a portly little musician playing his type of project for other important pipes and jamming with his buddy on Italian museums, with whom we have the lyre. Shortly after, he was hired for been talking." the gig as the star of the 14-minute film, which leads the visitor through the his- Adapted from an article by Emanuela tory of Bologna from its origins as Apa jamming with his buddy Apa at the Museo Civico Giampaoli for La Repubblica, Bologna. Etruscan "Felsina," through the Roman, before he was “discovered.” Archeologico di Bologna. (Photos courtesy CINECA) Exceptional Etruscan man of the procedure, including fashionable els, all in terracotta, depicting polyvis- the region of Vulci or Veii, with another joins the Louvre Parisiennes with tiny dogs examining ceral plaques (arrays of many internal set found in the Sanctuary of Diana at the sculpture). organs arranged in simplified anatomi- Lake Nemi; another well known source by Jean Turfa Dr. Découflé shared his treasure with cal order) and internal organs displayed is the sanctuary at Tessennano, between scholars and public, allowing visitors to in relief on nude, headless torsos or Vulci and Tarquinia, with examples now An exceptional Etruscan votive sculp- see it, and corresponding with draped, complete or half-statues, were in the Villa Giulia and Medelhavs- ture has been acquired by the Louvre, researchers, eventually publishing a actually medical illustrations used for museet, Stockholm. In all, the organs using its right of preemption to keep the lengthy study of the anatomical votive the training of healers. Most such mod- shown are extremely stylized and object in France (at a cost of 250,000 phenomenon in central Italy. He els (at least those with known prove- rationalized according to the principles Euros): it is now on display in the believed that the (relatively rare) mod- nance) have come from sanctuaries in of Classical art: they are symmetrical Louvre’s Denon gallery. The terracotta and often reduced to simple, geometric model is a half-statue of a young man forms. Enrico Tabanelli found that most fully draped in a mantle; it terminates polyvisceral compositions could be below the groin. In relief upon his derived from butcher’s displays of beef, abdomen is an almond-shaped section pork or fowl. The purpose must surely revealing, as if through a surgical inci- have been devotional, as thank-offerings sion, a stylized set of internal organs. for healing of affected parts. (Models of Dr. Pierre Alexandre Joseph Découflé a pregnant uterus with the waves of had purchased the model in Paris in third-stage labor contractions must rep- 1960 from dealer Charles Ratton, who resent primate, thus human, anatomy, “certified” that it had been found at but are greatly stylized and probably Canino, a site in the territory of Vulci, denoted healing of complications from where several Hellenistic-era votive childbirth. Very few torsos with organs deposits are attested. The Etruscan in relief are female, but some do include model did not remain in France, howev- a similar, oval uterus in the visceral dis- er: Découflé, in his second career as a play.) Such sculptures, tokens of physician and surgeon, was practicing in Etruscan worship and vows, do imply Dakar, and took the model back to that Etruscan medicine differed in out- Africa with him, returning with it to look and understanding from the philo- France in 1984; he died in 1971. In sophical constructions of Hippokratic Summer of 2011, one of his children put Greek medicine. The Découflé model it up for auction by the Rouillac firm, at has not ceased to be instructive for Cheverny Castle (on the web is a video All guts and finally some glory. archaeologists and historians of ideas. Page 23 Corsica nel V secolo a.C.” Session 2 CONFERENCES Luciana Drago, “Populonia e l’Etruria Andrea Zeeb-Lanz (Generaldirektion meridionale. Riflessioni, ipotesi e Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz, progetti per una ricerca interdiscipli- Speyer): Human sacrifices as crisis XXVIII Convegno di Raimondo Zucca, “La rotta fra la nare.” management? The case of the early Studi Etruschi ed Italici: Sardegna, la Corsica e Populonia.” Luca Cappuccini, “Laghi, lagune e Neolithic site of Herxheim, Cristina Chiaramonte Treré, Lucia Corsica and Populonia antiche insenature: aspetto del Palatinate, Germany. Mordeglia, Giorgio Baratti. litorale tirrenico a sud di Populonia Andrew Reynolds (University College Bastia, Aleria, Piombino, Populonia “Ceramiche corse da tombe ellenis- in epoca etrusca.” London): Anglo-Saxon non-funerary 25 – 29 October 2011 tiche di Buche delle Fate (2004- Armando Cherici, “Populonia, le tombe weapon depositions: a consideration 2007) e i dati dagli ultimi scavi con armi.” of purpose and meaning. (See article on page 1.) dell’Università di Milano nel golfo Giandomenico De Tommaso, “Tra Silla Enriquetta Pons Brun (Museu di Baratti (2008-2011).” e Augusto: nuovi dati da Populonia Catalunya, Girona, Spain): The 25 October, Bastia e dal territorio.” Slaughtering of Dog as a Prestigious Giovannangelo Camporeale, “Un con- 27 October, Piombino Animal in the Protohistoric Site of vegno di Studi Etruschi in Corsica.” Fulvia Lo Schiavo, Mario Cygielman, Mas Castellar de Pontós (Empordà Dominique Briquel, “La Corse et l’étr- Matteo Milletti, Lucia Pagnini, Worlds of Sacrifice: – Spain). uscologie française.” “Populonia e Vetulonia tra Corsica e Thomas G. Palaima (University of Giovanni Colonna, “Il processo di etno- Sardegna.” Exploring the Past and Texas, Austin): The Pervasiveness of genesi dei Corsi.” Valentina Belfiore, “Il nome di Present of Gifts for the Sacrifice in Protohistoric and Populonia.” Daniele Maras, “Populus ex insula Gods Historic Greek Society and the Use Corsica: on the foundation of Gilda Bartoloni, “Populonia e le isole of Sacrifice in Reinforcing Social Populonia.” del Tirreno centrale fra VIII e VII 16-17 April 2011 Ideology. Luigi Donati, “Il simposio ‘all’etrusca’ secolo a.C.” SUNY Buffalo Discussant: Vance Watrous (SUNY ad Aleria.” Adriano Maggiani, “L’Elba in età Buffalo) Michel Gras, “La Corsica nel mar ellenistica.” Conference Organizer: April 17 Tirreno.” Gruppo “Aithale” (M. Benvenuti, F. Dr. Carrie Murray Guinevere Granite (SUNY Buffalo): Marine Lechenault, “L’età del Ferro in Cambi, L. Chiarantini, A. Corretti, Understanding the Burial Placement Corsica. Il materiale metallico del A. Dini, S. Ducci, M. Firmati, F. Lo Sacrifice is central for many soci- and Reason for Death of Northern sito di Cagnano.” Schiavo, L. Pagliantini, P. Pallecchi, eties—past and present—in cultural, European Bog Bodies. Carmine Ampolo, “I Romani e la C. Principe), “L’isola d’Elba tra religious, political, and economic terms. Session 3 Corsica nel contesto tirrenico tra VI Populonia e la Corsica: controllo del Important parameters of social hierar- Roger Woodard (SUNY Buffalo): e IV secolo a.C. (Theophr. H.P. V,8, territorio e sfruttamento delle risorse chy determine what is sacrificed, how it Sacrificing the Sign: The Alphabet i primi due trattati tra Roma e minerarie tra l’età arcaica e la is enacted, and by whom it is performed. as an Offering in Ancient Israel. Cartagine e le testimonianze epigra- romanizzazione.” The interdisciplinary nature of this con- Michael Gagarin (University of Texas, fiche).” Stephan Steingräber, “Le tombe a falsa ference brings together scholars from Austin): Ancient Greek Laws on Stephane Verger, “Une paire de cupola di Populonia e dell’Etruria anthropology, archaeology, classics, and Sacrifice. cnémides archaïques de la nécropole settentrionale.” religious studies, whose work encom- S. Mark Heim (Andover Newton d’Aléria.” Marisa Bonamici, “La metallurgia del passes the Mediterranean and Northwest Theological School): In What Way Is Alessandra Coen, “Rapporti commer- ferro a Populonia.” Europe. The diverse forms of evidence, Christ’s Death a Sacrifice? Theories ciali di Aleria attraverso le analisi cultural contexts, and approaches allow of Sacrifice and Theologies of the delle oreficerie.” 28 October participants to create new insights on Cross. Piera Melli, “Una sepoltura a tumulo Andrea Camilli, Folco Biagi, Tommaso the interpretation of sacrifice within Discussant: Barbara Kowalzig (New all’Acquasola: rapporti tra Etruria e Magliaro, Matteo Milletti, Sara social context. York University) Genova nel VII secolo a.C.” Neri, Federica Pitzalis, “Populonia, Session 4 Eliana Piccardi, “Liguria e Corsica. San Cerbone.” April 16 Mary-Ann Pouls Wegner (University of Settlement and economy.” Lorella Alderighi, “Rotte commerciali Session 1 Toronto): Every Good and Pure Jean Paul Morel, “La ceramica a vernice nel distretto minerario tirrenico tra Philips Stevens, Jr. (SUNY Buffalo): Thing: Sacrifice in the Egyptian nera tra Etruria e Corsica.” VI e IV secolo a.C.: materiali dalle The Anthropology of Sacrifice. context. Laura Ambrosini, “Nuovi dati sul tema tombe a sarcofago e a cassone di Åsa Bergren (Lund University): A View Jeffrey Schwarz (University of dell’adligatus in Etruria e il cratere Populonia.” from a Fen: A Critical Perspective Pittsburgh): The mythology of del Funnel Group dalla tomba 33 di Folco Biagi, Sara Neri, “Populonia, on the Concept of Sacrifice in Carthaginian child sacrifice: A Aleria.” sepolture in località Ficaccio.” Archaeology. physical anthropological perspec- Matteo Milletti, Federica Pitzalis, Christoph Huth (Universität Freiburg): tive. 26 October “Populonia, sepolture in località Gifts from the gods: A new look at Philip Kiernan (SUNY Buffalo): Jean Gran-Aymerich, “L’Etrurie mérid- Casone.” some weapons and vessels from the Staging Roman Sacrifice. ionale, Aléria, Marseille et la Pierluigi Giroldini, “Tra la campagna e metal ages. Nancy de Grummond (Florida State Gaule.” il mare. Sviluppo e contrazioni del Samantha Hurn (University of Wales, University): Etruscan Human Kewin Pêche-Quilichini, “Affinités popolamento tra VII e V secolo a.C.: Trinity Saint David): Post-domestic Sacrifice: The state of research. toscanes dans la production il caso dell’hinterland populoniese.” Sacrifice: Exploring the present and Tyler Jo Smith (University of Virginia): céramique protohistorique de Stefano Bruni, “Un reimpiego a future of gifts for the gods. The Art of Ancient Greek Sacrifice: Corse.” Sant’Antimo di Piombino. Discussant: Jan Bremmer HIERA KALA Revisited. Maurizio Harari, “Auriga parvulus del- Contributo alla scultura tardo- (Internationales Kolleg Discussant: Alan Shapiro (Johns phini. Lo stamnos con putti su delfi- arcaica di Populonia.” Morphomata, Cologne) Hopkins University) ni del Museo Carcopino.” Antonella Romualdi, “Populonia e la Page 24 offerta da Campo della Fiera: donna XVIIth International o dea?” Congress of Ancient Alba Frascarelli, “Un donario monu- Bronzes mentale a Campo della Fiera.” Marco Cruciani, “Campo della Fiera: la The Art of Bronzes in Anatolia and Via Sacra.” the Eastern Mediterranean from 17 December Protogeometric to Early Byzantine Francesco Roncalli, Università degli Periods (10th century B.C. to 7th Studi di Napoli “Federico II,” “Il century A.D.) prestigio del Fanum Voltumnae e May 21-25, 2011 Volsinii.” Izmir, Turkey Aldo Prosdocimi, Università degli Studi One of the carved scenes on the di Padova, “Cose divine, cose sacre: This congress encourages dialogue il sistema dei nomi.” Immagini di uomini e di wooden throne in Tomb 89/1972 among Turkish, European, and north Giovanni Colonna, Università degli Lippi, the Tomba del Trono. American scholars in bronze archaeolo- donne dalle necropoli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” “I gy of the Eastern Mediterranean, and Villanoviane di Verucchio santuari comunitari e il culto delle proposes to offer a firm base for future di Verucchio e dei centri divinità catactonie.” Convegno di Studi dedicato alla research on bronzes in Turkey. Villanoviani dell’Emilia-Romagna Laura M. Michetti, Claudia Carlucci, memoria di Renato Peroni Contributions by scholars and graduate nell’età del ferro.” Università degli Studi di Roma “La Verucchio, 20-22 April 2011 students from disciplines related to the Albert Nijboer, “Cremated human Sapienza,” “Considerazioni sul subject of issues concerning ancient bones, radiocarbon dates and the regime delle offerte nel santuario 20 April bronzes in the Mediterranean basin. Iron Age in Italy” emporico di Pyrgi e nei grandi san- Esposizione dei restauri della Tomba Contact Addresses: Pietro Baraldi, Marco Marchesini, tuari suburbani di Veio-Portonaccio Lippi 12 /2005 Antonella Salvi, XVIIth International Bronze Congress Mauro Rottoli, “Indagini scienti- e Falerii-Celle.” Istituto per i beni Culturali e c/o Doc. Dr. Ergun LAFLI fiche dalle necropoli di Verucchio. Adriano Maggiani, Università degli Naturali Regione Emilia-Romagna Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Analisi chimiche e botaniche: risul- Studi di Venezia, “Le fontane monu- Patrizia von Eles, Direttore Edebiyat Fakultesi tati e prospettive di ricerca.” mentali nei santuari etruschi.” Scientifico Museo di Verucchio Arkeoloji Bolumu Micol Siboni, Virna Scarnecchia, Armando Cherici, “La valenza politico- Presentazione progetto per il Parco Tinaztepe/Kaynaklar Yerleskesi Monica. Zanardi, “Restaurare per militare dei santuari federali.” Archeologico di Verucchio Buca TR-35160 Izmir TURKEY conoscere….conoscere per restau- Giovannangelo Camporeale, Università Fax: +90.232.453 41 88 21 April rare. Esperienze sui materiali di degli Studi di Firenze, “Sulla sacral- Verucchio” ità delle porte urbiche in Etruria.” Chair: Filippo Maria Gambari Patrizia von Eles, “La Necropoli Lippi Marco Casagrande, “La tecnica e le Maria Bonghi Jovino, Università degli modalità di lavorazione di un tipo di Studi di Milano, “I santuari di Capua di Verucchio. Il gruppo sociale nel tempo, nello spazio e nei rituali fibula in ambra e bronzo da preromana.” Verucchio” Carmine Ampolo, Scuola Normale funerari alla luce delle campagne di scavo 2005- 2009.” Superiore, Pisa, “I santuari federali 22 April dei Latini: per un confronto.” G. Orofino, F. Finotelli, “La necropoli Lippi. Aspetti geomorfologici e Seminario di studi sullo studio dei resti Filippo Coarelli, Università degli Studi . cremati: esperienze a confronto di Perugia, “Il santuario dei Latini a topografici.” Laura Bentini, Angiola Boiardi, Gaelle Chair: Fulvia lo Schiavo Nemi.” Nicoletta Onisto, Melissa Marzi, “Lo 18 December Cerreti, Giorgia Di Lorenzo, Sara Di XIX Convegno Internazionale di Penta, Patrizia von Eles, Lorenza studio antropologico dei resti cre- Massimiliano Di Fazio, Università degli mati di Verucchio: problemi di Studi Sulla Storia e l’Archeologia Studi di Pavia, “I luoghi di culto di Ghini, M. Ossani, Elena Rodriguez, dell’Etruria “Tra simbolo e realtà. Identità, ruoli, metodo tra archeologia e antropolo- Feronia: ubicazioni e funzioni.” gia.” Il Fanum Voltumnae e i Simone Sisani, “I rapporti tra Mevania e funzioni a Verucchio.” Claudio Negrini, Lisa Manzoli, Paola Fabio Cavalli, Elsa Pacciani, “Le nuove Santuari Comunitari Hispellum nel quadro del paesaggio tecnologie radiologiche come sup- sacro della Valle Umbra.” Poli, “Legami di vita oltre la morte: casi di deposizioni doppie o porto nell’indagine e nel recupero dell’Italia Antica Gianluca Tagliamonte, Università degli del contenuto dei cinerari: appli- Orvieto Palazzo dei Congressi Studi di Lecce, “Il santuario del plurime.” Marta Mazzoli, Annalisa Pozzi, “I troni cazioni sui cinerari orientalizzanti di 16-18 December 2011 Monte San Nicola a Pietravairano Cortona (Arezzo), Rio Loreto.” (CE).” a Verucchio tra archeologia e iconografia.” Domenico Mancinelli, Flavia Trucco, 16 December Adriano La Regina, Università degli Rita Vargiu, “Scavo recupero e stu- Simonetta Stopponi, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza,” “Il Patrizia von Eles, Tiziano Trocchi, “Artigiani e committenti: officine dio dei resti cremati:l’importanza Studi di Perugia, “Il Fanum santuario di Pietrabbondante nel della integrazione tra antropologia e Voltumnae: dalle Tluschva a San Sannio.” locali e produzioni specializzate a Verucchio tra VIII e VII sec.a.C.” archeologia.” Pietro.” Enrico Pellegrini, Soprintendenza per i Claudio Cavazzuti, “Resti cremati dalla Claudio Bizzarri, Parco Archeologico e Beni Archeologici, dell’Etruria necropoli dell’età del ferro di Borgo Ambientale dell’Orvietano, “Gli Meridionale; Adriano Maggiani, Chair: Annette Rathje L. Reader Knudsen, A. Stauffer, “Dress Panigale.” inizi del santuario di Campo della Università degli Studi di Venezia, Emmanuele Petiti, “Data loss and recov- Fiera: la ceramica greca.” “Scavi e scoperte nel territorio and Identity: the men’s dress from Verucchio.” ery: proposta di una nuova scheda Claudia Giontella, Università degli volsiniese. Il santuario etrusco di per la catalogazione e lo studio dei Studi di Macerata, “Una prestigiosa Monte Landro: Nuove ricerche.” Alessandra Giumlia Mair, Patrizia von Eles, “Metalli esotici: la metallurgia continued on page 26 Page 25 Verucchio, continued from page 26 “Introducing Etruscan Sigla (“Graffiti”) and the International Etruscan Sigla resti cremati.” Project (IESP),” Nancy T. de Elena Bedini, Francesca Bertoldi, Grummond, Florida State University Emmanuele Petiti, “Primo tentativo “The Function and Role of Objects with di interpretazione sistematica dei rit- Sigla in Early Italy: Methodologies uali di cremazione in Piemonte tra la and a Case Study,” Giovanna medio-tarda età del Bronzo e l’età Bagnasco Gianni, University of del Ferro.” Milan. Filippo Maria Gambari, Marica “Identifying Categories of Space and Venturino Gambari, “‘Non semper Symmetry on Sigla of Early Italy,” eodem modo.’ Spunti per l’interpre- Alessandra Gobbi, University of tazione di rituali funerari particolari Pavia. in necropoli a cremazione dell’età At the conference, from left: “Letters and Symbols incised on del Bronzo e dell’età del Ferro in BAIR Conference Christopher Hallett, Mario Del Locally Produced Objects from Piemonte.” Berkeley Chiaro, Lisa Pieraccini, Nancy Etruscan Poggio Civitate (Murlo),” Winter. Anthony Tuck and Rex Wallace, Tavola Rotonda “Verucchio Nel Ancient Italy Round-Table, University of Massachusetts, Quadro Della Protostoria October 21-22, 2011 of Classics, Stanford University Amherst. Dell’italia Centrale” University Of California, Berkeley Claire Lyons and Alexandra Sofroniew, Session II: Sigla and Inscriptions in Chair and Conclusions: David J. Paul Getty Museum, “Between Italy, Africa and Cyprus Ridgway Friday, October 21 Greece and Rome: Exhibiting “Who was the uhtur? Evidence from the Participants: Keynote Lecture: Erich Gruen, Classical and Hellenistic Sicily.‟ Iguvine Tablets and other Umbrian Giovanna Bergonzi, Anna Dore, Patrizia Professor Emeritus, Department of Shelley Stone, Department of Art, Inscriptions,” Francis Cairns, von Eles, Filippo Maria Gambari, History, University of California, California State University, Florida State University. Maurizio Harari, Giovanni Leopardi, Berkeley, “Did Romans have an eth- Bakersfield, “The Early Chronology “Text and Context: Roman Stamped Fulvia lo Schiavo, Alessandro Naso, nic identity?” of East Sicilian Medallion Cups.” Amphoras from Three African Marco Pacciarelli, Annette Rathje Randall Souza, Graduate Group in Provinces,” David Stone, Florida Download papers: Saturday, October 22 Ancient History and Mediterranean State University. “Il gruppo sociale nel tempo, nello Conference Session 1: Ethnicity In Archaeology, University of “Marked Pottery in the Late Bronze Age spazio e nei rituali funerari” (P. von The Ancient World California, Berkeley, “Gaius Eastern Mediterranean Littoral,” Eles) (0.7MB) Chair: Emily Mackil, Department of Aurelius and Tiberius Claudius: Nicolle Hirschfeld, Trinity “Artigiani e committent: officine locali History, University of California, Roman authorities and incipient University. e produzioni specializzate a Berkeley provincial administration in western Poster Session by undergraduate Verucchio tra VIII e VII sec. a.C.” Christopher Hallett and Lisa Sicily.” researchers, Florida State (P. von Eles, T. Trocchi) (0.1MB) Pieraccini, Department of History Laura Pfuntner, Graduate Group in University, of the International “Tra simbolo e realtà: Identità, ruoli, of Art, University of California, Ancient History and Mediterranean Etruscan Sigla Project. funzioni a Verucchio” (L. Bentini, A. Berkeley, “Etruscans on the Bay: Archaeology, University of February 26 Boiardi, G. Di Lorenzo, P. von Eles, Mario del Chiaro and Etruscan California, Berkeley, “The changing Session III: Sigla (or Semata) and E. Rodriguez, G. Cerruti, S. Di Studies at UC Berkeley.” urban landscape of Roman Sicily.” Inscriptions in Greece and Crete Penta, M. Ossani, L. Ghini) (0.2MB) Sandra Gambetti, Department of “Potmarks of Geometric Greece,” John “La necropoli Lippi. Aspetti geomorfo- History, The College of Staten Papadopoulos, University of 2011 Langford Conference logici e topografici “ (F. Finotelli, G. Island-CUNY, “Apollo in Italy, or California, Los Angeles. Orofino) (0.14MB) the art of Adaptation.” Texts, Non-Texts and “Literacy and Writing in Archaic Crete: “Legami di vita oltre la morte: casi di M. Shane Bjornlie, Department of Contexts: A Review,” William West, Professor deposizioni doppie e plurime” (L. History, Claremont McKenna On the Varieties of Writing Emeritus, University of North Manzoli, C. Negrini, P, Poli) College, “Law, Property and Taxes Carolina, Chapel Hill. (0.16MB) between Romans and Barbarians in Experiences in the Ancient “Marks on Altars at Epidauros,” “Metalli esotici tra tecniche di lavo- Late-Antique Italy.” Mediterranean World Christopher Pfaff, Florida State razione e status symbol nell’Emilia- Session 2: Rome: Upheaval And February 25-26, 2011 University. Romagna dell’età del ferro” (A. Response Florida State University “Summation and Questions for the Giumlia-Mair, P. von Eles) Chair: Carlos Noreña, Department of (Tallahassee) Future,” Nancy T. de Grummond, (0.14MB) History, University of California, Florida State University, Giovanna “Lo studio antropologico dei resti cre- Berkeley The conference focused on work in Bagnasco Gianni, University of mati di Verucchio: problemi di Michele Renee Salzman, Department of progress on non-verbal and non-literary Milan, Lynn Roller, University of metodo tra archeologia e antropolo- History, University of California, usages of writing in the ancient world. California, Davis. gia” (N. Onisto, M. Marzi) Riverside, “Elite Contestations, Organized by Nancy T. de Grummond Session IV: Computer Workshop for (0.14MB) Space and Ideology after the Sack of of Florida State University and Members of the IESP. “I troni di Verucchio tra archeologia e Rome in 410.” Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni of the “IESP: An Interactive System for iconografia “ (M. Mazzoli, A. Pozzi) Michael J. Taylor, Department of University of Milan, it provided a frame Managing Information on Etruscan (0.12MB) History, University of California, for their recent research as directors of Sigla,” Stefano Valtelino, University “Dress and Identity – Men’s Dress from Berkeley, “The Roman ‘Tax Revolt’ the International Etruscan Sigla Project. of Milan. Verucchio” (abstract) (A. Stauffer, of 187 BC.” “Developing a Website for the IESP,” L. Raeder Knudsen) (0.12MB) Session 3: Ancient Sicily February 25 David Gaitros, Florida State Chair: Giovanna Ceserani, Department Session I: Etruscan Sigla University. Page 26 Cathedral: the Romanesque North European Baptised Children Garment and So- Symposium for May 11: Natural Sciences called cruseler:” Milena “Virtual Technological Analyses of Archaeological Textiles Bravermanová, Prague Castle Neolithic Textiles:” Ingrid Wiesner, Administration. NESAT XI Nicole Ebinger-Rist, Jörg Stelzner, “Figural Embroidery from Tum May 10-13, 2011, Esslingen (Germany) Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart. Collegiate Church – Analysis, “Coloured Hallstatt Textiles. 3000 Year Reconstruction and Identification:” Program Old Textile and Dyeing Techniques Maria Cybulska, Sławomir and their Contemporary Kuberski, Technical University of May 10: Methodical Principles – Application:” Regina Hofmann-de Lodz, Poland; Ewa Orlińska The Humanities Keijzer, Rudolf Erlach, University of Mianowska, Jadwig Chruszczynska, “Bildliche Quellen als Applied Arts Vienna; Anna Hartl, National Museum in Warsaw; Jerzy Informationsträger:” Annette University for Natural Resources Maik, Polish Academy of Science. Schieck, Curt-Engelhorn-Stiftung and Applied Life Sciences Vienna; “Neuste Erkenntnisse zu den histori- für die Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Karina Grömer, Helga Rösel- schen Textilien der Kaiser und Mannheim. Mautendorfer, Hans Reschreiter, Könige aus dem Dom zu Speyer:” “Schriftliche Quellen und ihre Natural History Museum Vienna; Sigrun Thiel, Historisches Museum Korrespondenz zu realen Funden:” Maarten R. van Bommel, Ineke der Pfalz, Speyer; Brigitte Robert Fuchs, Doris Oltrogge, Joosten, Netherlands Institute for Dreyspring, Wiesbaden; Ina Cologne Institute for Conservation Cultural Heritage; Eva Lachner, Meißner, Technische Universität Sciences, Köln. Manuel Wandl, University of Registration at the Textile conference, NESAT XI in München und Historisches Museum “Dokumentation von Bodenfunden:” Applied Arts Vienna. der Pfalz Speyer. Christina Peek, Landesamt für “Textile Fibre in Italy Before the Roman Esslingen, Germany. Denkmalpflege, Esslingen. Empire:” Margarita Gleba, Institute May 13: Textile Production Gabriel Servera, Llorenç Picornell, “Faserstoffanalyse:” Sylvia Mitschke, of Archaeology, University College “Seidene, bestickte Kopfbedeckungen Yannick Miras, Xavier Esteve, Curt-Engelhorn-Stiftung für die London. aus sakralen Krypten in Polen:” Marzia Boi, Ramon Julià, Ethel Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, “Archaeological Wool Textiles Anna Drazkowska, Nikolaus- Allué, Manon Cabanis, Núria Mannheim. Investigated by Proteomics:” Kopernikus-Universität Toruń, Armentano, SERP-Universitat de “Farbstoffanalysen:” Ina Vanden Caroline Solazzo, AgResearch Poland. Barcelona. Berghe, Brüssels. Limited, Lincoln Research Centre, “Bras in the 15th century? A “The Potential Value of Pollen Analyses “Isotopenuntersuchungen:” Corina New Zealand / BioArCh, United Preliminary Report:” Beatrix Nutz, in the Study of the Dead Body and Knipper, Johannes Gutenberg- Kingdom; Jeff Plowman, Jolon Universität Innsbruck. Related Textiles from a Catalan Universität Mainz. Dyer, Stefan Clerens, AgResearch “Gewebe in einem reichen Elbinger Medieval Royal Grave (NE Spain):” “Studying Creativity in Bronze Age Limited; Matthew Collins, BioArCh, Haus (16.-18. Jh.):” Jerzy Maik, Yolanda Llergo, Santiago Riera, Textiles: A HERA Project;” Lise UK. Polish Academy of Science. Carme Subiranas, Joan Eusebi Bender Jørgensen, Antoinette Rast- “Provenance Studies of Ancient “Textiles and Textile Production in 11th Garcia-Biosca & Marina Miquel, Eicher; Lena Hammarlund et al., Textiles, a New Method Based on Century Troyes from Rabbi Shlomo SERP-Universitat de Barcelona. Norwegian University of Science the Strontium Isotopic System:” Yitzhaki’s Exegesis to the Talmud:” “Mit Seide und Pelz ins Grab – Die and Technology, Trondheim. Karin Margarita Frei, University of Nahum Ben-Yehuda, Bar Ilan Textilien aus den frühmittelalterli- “The Gunnister Man Project: Copenhagen. University. chen Gräbern von Unterhaching Researching and Reconstructing a “Light Stable Isotope Analyses of “Schafhaltung und Schafwaschanlagen (Lkr. München):” Britt Nowak-Böck, Late 17th Century Garment Experimentally Buried and – Überlegungen zur Produktion fun- Bayerisches Landesamt für Ensemble:” Carol Christiansen, Medieval Archaeological Textiles:” ktionaler Gewebe und ihrer qualita- Denkmalpflege; Gabriele von Looz, Shetland Museum and Archives, Isabella von Holstein, University of tiven Bewertung:” Anette Archäologische Staatssammlung United Kingdom; Martin Ciszuk, York. Siegmüller, Institut für historische München. School of Textiles, University of “The Hammerum finds:” Ulla Küstenforschung, Wilhelmshaven, “New Light on Samite Textiles from Borås, Sweden; Lena Hammarlund, Mannering, Lise Ræder Knudsen, Deutschland. Oseberg:” Marianne Vedeler, Göteborg. University of Copenhagen. “Reconstructing the Dyeing Industry of Museum of Cultural History, Univ. “The Early Migration Period Textile and “Roman Iron Age cloaks in northern Pompeii: the Importance of of Oslo. Leather Finds from the Chieftain’s German Bogs:” Lise Ræder Understanding the Dyers’ Craft “Fragments of Male Clothing in the 9th Grave in Poprad-Matejovce, Knudsen, Susan Möller-Wiering, within a Multidisciplinary Century Bog Hoard in Latvia:” Irita Slovakia: Discovery, Retrieval, University of Copenhagen. Approach:” Heather Hopkins, Žeiere, National History Museum of Conservation and New Results of “The Lady of Cloonshannagh Bog: An Bradford University, UK. Latvia. the Laboratory Examination:” Irish 7th Century AD Female Bog “Reconstructing Ritual: Loom Weights “Finds of Textile Fragments and Tereza Štolcová, Slovak Academy Body and the Related Textiles:” and Spindle Whorls as Evidence of Textile Production from of Sciences; Gabriele Zink, Elizabeth Wincott Heckett, County Archaeological Evidence for Cult a Major Excavation Site of Grand Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Cork, Ireland. Practice in Ancient Etruria:” Moravia in Mikulčice (South Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Gretchen E. Meyers, Franklin and Moravia, Czech Republic):” Helena Landesmuseen. May 12: Presentation of Finds Marshall College, USA. Březinová, Academy of Science of “Grundlagenforschung im Rahmen des “The Archaeobotanical Studies from “Following a Clew from Textile Tools to the Czech Republic. Projektes DressID - Römische Cova des Pas Burial Cave, Minorca, Textile Production in the Roman “The Newly Conserved and Determined Textilien aus Österreich:” Karina Balearic Islands. Plants Used in Province of Pannonia:” Judit Texiles from the Graves of Relatives Grömer, Naturhistorisches Museum Corpse Treatments during the Pásztókai-Szeőke, Hungary. Wien. Bronze Age:” Santiago Riera, of the Czech Rulers from St. Vitus

Page 27 Deutsches Archaeologisches Institute LECTURES & SEMINARS Rom Colloquium in memory of Horst Blanck Etruscans. Eminent Fifth Zenobia Congress: The Symposium and its Women, Powerful Men The Etruscans and the Sea Lecture series University of Amsterdam Reception in Etruscan October 29, 2011 Culture In Leiden, Rijksmuseum van Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Oudheden (in Dutch): Zenobia Foundation follows up the Giulia 8 November 2011: “Eminent women,” exhibitions in the Allard Pierson 14 November 2011 Tanja van der Zon. Museum in Amsterdam and the 22 November 2011: “Goddesses on the Museum of Antiquities in Leiden with a Sources and evidence: roof,” Patricia Lulof. one-day congress on the Etruscans, in Federica Cordano (Milano), Il banchet- 13 December 2011: “Powerful men,” accordance with the objective of study- to etrusco nella tradizione scritta. René van Beek. ing the relations between the European Gilda Bartoloni (Roma), Bere in piedi, 10 January 2012: “Etruscan influences West and East Asian antiquity, as well as bere seduti, bere sdraiati. on nineteenth-century jewellery,” later periods. Architectural contexts: Martijn Akkerman. The central idea in the study of the Stephan Steingräber (Roma), 17 January 2012: “The Regolini-Galassi Etruscans is their contact with others, Installazioni per banchetti nelle including overseas nations, especially Tomb in 3D,” Wim Hupperetz. Accordia Lectures prime tombe etrusche. 31 January 2012: “Powerful men and those of the eastern Mediterranean. In Martin Bentz (Bonn), Installazioni per eminent women in Veii,” Iefke van this context, language and kinship is banchetti nell’architettura privata e Kampen. important, as is their alleged Lydian ori- March 1, 2011 pubblica. 14 February 2012: “Etruscan rituals,” L. gin, for which Herodotus is an important The Pantanello: New research at Ceramics: remains of wine and food: Bouke van der Meer. source. Although this origin is disputed Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli Alessandro Naso (Innsbruck), 28 February 2012: “Etruscheria,” in science, there are nonetheless links, Dr. Thorsten Opper, British Museum Dall’Etruria alla Grecia: katharoi e Demetrius Waarsenburg. for example in the areas of language and (Joint Lecture with the Institute of infundibula. 13 March 2012: “Immortalized image,” religion. The contacts with the Classical Studies) Francesca Boitani, Folco Biago, Sara Niels Steensma. Carthaginians and the Greek cities in Neri (Roma), Anfore da mensa etru- Reservations: www.rmo.nl southern Italy get full attention. The trait May 3, 2001 sco-geometriche nell’orientalizzante d’union in the triad war is trade, which Sheep, flax and the production of tex- veiente. In Amsterdam, Allard Pierson greatly contributed to the emergence of tiles in pre-Roman Italy Rita Papi (Cerveteri), Resti di cibo. Museum (in Dutch): an intermediary power north of the Dr. Margarita Gleba, Institute of Luxury objects in banquet contexts: 26 October 2011: “Powerful men,” Tiber. Closer contact with Rome and Archaeology UCL Fritzi Jurgeit-Blanck (Cerveteri), Vasi René van Beek. other Italic peoples, as well as the recep- (Joint Lecture with the Institute of bronzei nel contesto dei primi ban- 9 November 2011: “Eminent women,” tion of Roman religion and culture are a Archaeology) chetti. Tanja van der Zon. important topics. Laura Ambrosini (Roma), Candelabri, 23 November 2011: “Goddesses on the Program: thymiateria e kottaboi nei banchetti. roof,” Patricia Lulof. Henk Singor, “History: external con- Evidence from images: 14 December 2011: “The Regolini- tacts.” Cornelia Weber-Lehmann (Bochum), I Galassi Tomb in 3D,”Wim Bouke van der Meer, “Adonis in the primi banchetti nella pittura parie- Hupperetz Etruscan world. Transmission of a The American Academy in tale etrusca. 18 January 2011: “Etruscan rituals,” L. myth from east to west.” Rome Massimo Osanna (Matera), Luoghi del Patricia Lulof, “Power of the screen. Bouke van der Meer. Patricia H. Labalme Friends of potere e spazi del banchetto nella 25 January 2012: “Etruscan influences Temples and goddesses in the the Library Lecture Basilicata arcaica. on nineteenth-century jewellery,” Etruscan culture.” in memory of Christina Huemer, Martijn Akkerman. Diederik Burgersdijk, “Mastarna, king Drue Heinz Librarian (1993-2007) 1 February 2012: “Powerful men and of Rome.” eminent women in Veii,” Iefke van Bouke van der Meer, “The Etruscan and The Story of the Villa “of Poppaea” at Kampen. Lemnisch. About the ethnic forma- Oplontis (50 B.C.-A.D. 79) and its 15 February 2012: “The living street of tion of the Etruscans.” Archives: Daybooks, Photographs, and the dead. Impressions of ephemeral Rosita Steenbeek, “Etruria.” Plaster Fragments Cerveteri,” Krien Clevis. Alex de Voogt, “The Etruscan dice: by Prof. John R. Clarke, RAAR’95 22 February 2012: “Etruscheria,” opportunities for Archaeology.” AAR Trustee and Annie Laurie Demetrius Waarsenburg. Erik Schoonhoven, “The origin of the Howard Regents Professor, The 7 March 2012: “Immortalized image,” Etruscan myth in Florence. University of Texas at Austin Niels Steensm. René van Beek, “Men with power - 24 May 2011, Villa Aurelia Information: www.allardpiersonmuse- women of distinction.” um.nl or www.n8.nl

Page 28 Accesa. Social and socializing aspects of a mining site” was delivered by Prof. Roman Ostia: Giovannangelo Camporeale, who has Revisiting and Rethinking worked on archaeological excavations International Workshop in Honor of in Accesa for over 30 years. “The area Bouke van der Meer around Lago dell’Accesa,” says Gravensteen, room 11, Leiden Camporeale, “was inhabited from the 6-7 December 2011 ninth to the eighth century BC, concur- rently with working of the nearby metal 6 December mines. The dwellings that have been John Bintliff: Introduction excavated in the area date back to the Carlo Pavolini (Viterbo), Le principali late seventh and sixth centuries BC and domus tardo-antiche di Ostia: nuove were intended for the managers of the ipotesi. mine. The banquet and the symposium Jane E. Shepherd (Rome), Celebrating a were socializing events when families Centennial: the Topographic Survey of high social rank could present them- of Ostia from a Balloon, 1911. selves." Hanna Stöger (Leiden), Rethinking Speakers at the conference included Ostia: a Spatial Enquiry into Urban Bianca Maria Aranguren of the Massa Marittima Maremma, of the Colline Metallifere Society. Soprintendenza for the Archaeological and the Cooperativa of the Colline Bouke van der Meer: Concluding “Terre degli Etruschi” Heritage of Tuscany, and Simona Metallifere, the Archaeological Remarks Exhibit and Conference: Rafanelli, Scientific Director of the Technology Park and the Museum of 7 December "The Etruscan Symposium" Museum of Vetulonia “Isidoro Falchi.” Massa Marittima all collaborated in this John Bintliff: Opening “The Etruscan Symposium” is an exhi- project. Janet DeLaine (Oxford), The House of “Lands of the Etruscans” is a project bition about the major agricultural Events will include free guided tours, Jove and Ganymede at Ostia: an that brings forth the cultural, artistic and resources of the Etruscan civilization on the Sundays of January 15, Urban Paradigm Revisited. eno-gastronomic wealth that the such as wine and oil, and their ceremo- February 19 and March 18, 2012, and a Saskia Stevens (Utrecht), Landuse and Etruscan civilization has given us. The nial traditions, the banquet and sympo- lecture performance on ancient Etruscan Landownership in Republican and initiative involves the town of Massa sium. The initiative is part of the region- music, organized by Simona Rafanelli Imperial Ostia: the Porta Romana Marittima along with others in Tuscany, al project “Lands of the Etruscans,” and the well-known musician Stefano Area. Umbria, and Lazio. which involves the regions of Tuscany, “Cocco” Cantini. The performance will Mike Flohr (Oxford), Baking Break with On December 1, 2011, in the Lazio and Umbria, Tuscany, and the inaugurate a series of events in eight Marx and Durkheim: Everyday Archaeological Museum in Piazza APT Grosseto as coordinator. The aim museums of the provincial network, Work and Social Alienation in Ostia. Garibaldi, the exhibition “The Etruscan of the project is to bring to life as vivid- with its conclusion at the Joanna Spurza (New York), Ostia’s Symposium” opened. It featured ban- ly as possible the image of Etruscan civ- Archaeological Museum of Florence on Imperial Palace: An Architectural quet sets from the site of the town of ilization in relation to the principal February 4, 2012. History of Constant Change in Brick Lago dell’Accesa: an interesting and archaeological museums of Tuscany. At For information, reservations and and Stone. original exhibition of artifacts, as well each museum a media tower will proj- guided tours: musei@coopcollinemetal- as foods and wines that were prepared ect a continuous video on the Etruscan lifere.it, 0566-902289. The exhibition for the banquets. civilization. The Region of Tuscany, the "The Etruscan Symposium" will be At the inauguration of the exhibit, a APT of Grosseto, the town of Massa open until June 3, 2012. LATE NEWS lecture entitled “The Etruscans of Marittima, the Museums of the

Important Archaeological intact archaeological treasures. Discovery at Parco di The excavations are being conducted by the Soprintendenza Archeologica of Vulci Southern Etruria and the technical staff of Mastarna, the company that manages In the Etruscan necropolis of l'Osteria the park, which is overseen by Anna di Vulci, in the territory of Montalto di Maria Moretti, Director of the Castro -- during the clearing of an area Soprintendenza Archeologica of Rome. of previously excavated tombs that will The dromos, because of its great length, be part of a new tourist trail funded by could lead to a tomb belonging to a the Region of Lazio -- a large princely prominent family, as does the Francois tomb dating back to 550 BC was found. Tomb, the richest and most famous in From the initial surface excavations, the area of Vulci, with a dromos meas- some almost intact Black Figure uring one hundred feet. It could there- Etruscan vases and a magnificent statue Excavators uncover Etruscan fore contain objects and material of sig- of a sphinx have emerged. The large pottery at entrance to the tomb. nificant historical value. The excava- nenfro sphinx, a bird with a woman's the ground under the open sky. The tion just started in late December 2011, face, probably dates to the same period. and will last weeks, if not months. The large stone sphinx found walls increase in height as the dromos Its discovery led excavators to some- descends towards the entrance to a bur- Meanwhile, the hope is that with the near the dromos, where it was thing even more important from the ial tomb. The tomb was probably vio- entrance of the tomb, archaeologists can archaeological point of view: a dromos, placed to guard the tomb. lated at the time of the Romans, but only shed new light on the history of the a corridor almost 27 meters long dug in (Photos Tuscia Web). in part; for this reason it could hide still- Etruscans of Vulci. Page 29 THE ETRUSCAN Crowned Victor: ANNOUNCEMENTS Competition and Games FOUNDATION In addition, Warden has authored or coin the Ancient World th authored five books as well as over 70 Request for applications 4 Annual Center for Ancient articles and reviews on areas ranging Studies Graduate Conference from Greek archaeology to Etruscan art, Conservation Fellowship for 2012 University of Pennsylvania, archaeology, and ritual, and Roman The Etruscan Foundation Conservation Philadelphia, PA Fellowship is designed to support con- architecture. He has lectured interna- March 2 - 3, 2012 tionally and in 2007 delivered the servation in all areas of Etruscan and Lorant Memorial Lecture at the British Pre-Roman Italy. The fellowship is open Submission Deadline: January 7, 2012 Museum. He organized the exhibit to U.S. and Canadian citizens who are “Greek Vase Painting: Form, Figure, conservators; graduate students enrolled The conference invites papers on and Narrative-Treasures of the National in North American conservation degree topics involving competition such as Archaeological Museum in Madrid” at programs; or undergraduate/graduate (but, of course, not limited to): SMU’s Meadows Museum in 2003. In students seeking pre-program conserva- Conspicuous consumption and 2009 he coordinated, and edited and tion experience in preparation for . status competition, wrote part of the catalogue for the entrance into an accredited conservation Games as education, Meadows Museum exhibit “From the program. Competition as a structural force Temple and the Tomb: Etruscan Fieldwork Fellowships for 2012 in a society, SMU Professor and Treasures from Tuscany.” The Etruscan Foundation Fieldwork Political competition, Associate Dean Named A native of Florence, Italy, Warden is Fellowship is designed to support par- Ancient theories of competition, the founder, principal investigator, and ticipation in field schools or in archaeo- Competition and literature, President of Franklin co-director of the Mugello Valley logical fieldwork at Etruscan and Italic Ideologies of competition, College in Switzerland Archaeological Project and excavations sites of non-Greek Italy from the Bronze Sports and diplomacy, at Poggio Colla, an Etruscan settlement Age through the first Century BCE. The Place of athletes in the community. Dr. P. Gregory Warden is currently northeast of Florence, a joint mission of fellowship is open to U.S. and Canadian Submissions are welcome from University Distinguished Professor of SMU, Franklin and Marshall College, citizens who are undergraduate/graduate graduate students working on ancient Art History and associate dean for aca- and the University of Pennsylvania students enrolled at an accredited col- topics in such fields as: African Studies, demic affairs at SMU’s Meadows Museum of Archaeology. Since 1995 lege or university. Ancient History, Anthropology, School of the Arts. “Dr. Warden’s this international project has trained stu- The 2012 Etruscan Foundation Archaeology, Art History, East Asian accomplishments and profile made him dents from more than 70 universities Conservation and fieldwork Studies, Classics, Egyptology, a compelling candidate from the start,” worldwide. Warden is also the former Fellowships are made possible Linguistics, Middle Eastern Studies, said Pascal F. Tone, chairman of the editor and current executive editor of through the generous support from the Near Eastern Studies, Pre-Columbian board at Franklin. “Few individuals pos- Etruscan Studies, a journal of Etruscan Ferdinand & Sarah Cinelli Trust. Studies, Religious Studies, and South sess the unique blend of successful and Italic art and culture, vice president Research Fellowship for 2012 Asian Studies. experiences in scholarship, higher edu- of the board of directors of the Etruscan The Etruscan Foundation Research If you are interested in presenting a cation leadership, dedication to students, Foundation, and has been elected a Fellowship is designed to support paper, submit a 250-word abstract for a capacity to attract resources and mana- Foreign Member of the Istituto di Studi research in all areas of Etruscan and 15 minute talk by January 7, 2012 gerial acumen that he now brings to Etruschi e Italici. In 2011 he was induct- Pre-Roman Italy. The fellowship is open including your contact information Franklin.” ed into the “Order of Italian Solidarity” to U.S. and Canadian citizens who are (name, institution, and e-mail) to Arthur Dr. Warden has taught at SMU since and given the title of Knight (Cavaliere) Ph.D candidates (ABD), independent T. Jones at [email protected]. 1982 and has earned numerous acco- by the Republic of Italy for his efforts researchers, and untenured faculty. The Speakers will be notified of the status of lades during his tenure with the univer- on behalf of Italian culture. Research Fellowship may be used for their submissions by January 15, 2012. sity. He was named Meadows archaeological fieldwork, site survey- Foundation Distinguished Teaching ing, collection analysis, museum study Professor in 1995 and Altshuler or archival research at Etruscan and Pre- Distinguished Teaching Professor at Roman sites in Italy. SMU in 2011. In addition to serving as The 2012 Etruscan Foundation associate dean for research and academ- Research Fellowship is made possible ic affairs for the Meadows School since through the generous support from 1988, he was chair of the Art History Angela Caveness Weisskopf. Department for six years, interim director of the Meadows Museum, and inter- The application deadline is Friday, im chair of the Division of Arts February 3, 2012 for application details Administration for two years. He co- go to www.etruscanfoundation.org founded and directed the SMU-in-Italy Richard String, program for more than 20 years. In Executive Director 2011, the National Endowment for the The Etruscan Foundation Humanities awarded a $200,000 grant in P.O. Box 26 Fremont, MI 49412 support of a summer institute for college email: [email protected] teachers, led by Dr. Warden, which will examine Etruscan and Roman culture on-site in Italy. Page 30 CLAROS JOURNALS E-JOURNALS Web-based explorer CLAROS launched its first public (eISSN 2038-9604) is a Antiqua service on May 17, 2011 with a web- new Open Access, online-only, peer- based explorer interface, and a data-ori- reviewed journal published by ented service. PAGEPress, Pavia, Italy. It is intended Based at the e-Research Centre in for archaeologists and scientists having Oxford, CLAROS is an international particular interests in the application of research collaboration to enable simul- scientific techniques and methodologies taneous searching of major collections to all areas of archaeology. Our journal of digital material about archaeology publishes Original Research papers as and art in university research institutes as well as Rapid Communications, Case and museums. It contains material from Histories, Editorials, and Letters. The a wide range of data partners, including journal seeks to provide an internation- the Beazley Archive, various digital al, rapid forum for archaeologists to archives in the Ashmolean Museum, the share their own knowledge. Arachne archive, the Lexicon of Greek PAGEPress shortens the time needed Personal Names, and the Lexicon before publication, offers a high quality Iconographicum Mythologiae Classica, Open Access Journal: peer-review system, highly-professional recording over 2 million objects, places, Adriana Emiliozzi, “The Etruscan scientific copyediting, DOI assignment, photographs, and people. Chariot from Monteleone di Spoleto,” Archeologia Sotterranea and submission to many online directo- ISSN: 2035-7974 CLAROS is a resource discovery Metropolitan Museum Journal ries such as the Directory of Open service, and its job is to provide http://www.sotterraneidiroma.it/ Vol. 46 (2011) pp. 8-132. Access Journals, arXiv, GEOBASE, cacheing, indexing, querying and visu- Il Centro Ricerche Speleo Inspec, Chemical Abstracts Service, alization services. The working practice Archeologiche è sempre in 'prima linea' This volume features a 125-page in- IndexCopernicus, Google Scholar, is one of federation. CLAROS ingests a nel campo della ricerca e dell'esplo- depth article on the history, restoration Scopus, EBSCOHost, Socolar, catalogue of records from each data razione, grazie anche alle collaborazion- and reconstruction of the Etruscan OpenJGate and others. partner and amalgamates it into a single ipluriennali con Soprintendenze, Enti chariot from Monteleone di Spoleto that Article Processing Charges: entity, but for more detailed information Parco et alii. took place as part of the reinstallation of The price for publication of any type about a hit we return to the original web Per questo motivo abbiamo deciso di the galleries of Greek and Roman Art of articles in our journal is EUR 350.00. site of the partner. CLAROS data are convogliare e raccogliere periodica- and was completed in 2007. The modelled using RDF against the CIDOC mente i frutti di questa fervida attività in authors participation came about AWOL - The Ancient World CRM ontology, and can be accessed una rivista interamente dedicata al through an agreement between The using an open SPARQL endpoint, as mondo archeologico sotterraneo. Online Metropolitan Museum of Art and the well as the powerful web site. Il nostro obiettivo è quello di creare Archaeological Software Istituto di Studi sulle Civiltà Italiche e CLAROS is work in progress, with uno spazio virtuale per l'incontro e la del Mediterraneo Antico (ISCIMA) of more data partners to come, and large visibilità di tutti gli operatori che si riv- Among the interesting and useful the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche amounts of work to be done on both olgono a questo importante campo di resources collected at (CNR). Both institutions made possible internal linking, and linking to the wider ricerca il cui successo è alimentato e ArchaeologicalTraces.org is a list of the work on the chariot and this publica- semantic web. The first fruit of this will incoraggiato dalle continue scoperte archaeological software. tion. be completion of work to join up the degli ultimi anni. ArchaeologicalTraces.org is an The project involved the reconstruc- places inside CLAROS with those in La rivista Archeologia Sotterranea è autonomous, archaeological, internation of the Monteleone chariot accord- geonames and Pleiades. ing to the recent scholarship on this spe- un periodico semestrale disponibile in tional editorial project, created and man- cific type of ancient vehicle. The work formato pdf ai registrati del portale aged by the A.T.P.G. Society, an Italian Tie one on, go to battle in style! on the chariot took place at the "Sotterranei di Roma." La rivista è Archaeological Association composted Metropolitan Museum, in collaboration acquistabile in forma cartacea o contat- by doctoral, MA and BA students from with the Department of Objects tandoci oppure presso il Book Shop dei the Universities of La Sapienza-Rome Conservation and the Department of Mercati Traianei (Roma) o quello di (ITA), Manchester (UK), Ferrara (ITA), Greek and Roman Art. Palazzo Braschi (Roma). and Brown University (USA). This article traces the circumstances of Archivio: The Project is scientific and didactic. the discovery and acquisition of the Numero 1 - Ottobre 2009 Celebrating classical antiqui- Monteleone chariot, its first reconstruc- Numero 2 - Maggio 2010 tion, the typology of the vehicle, and the Numero 3 - Ottobre 2010 ties at the Nasher Museum, nature of its remarkable decoration from Duke University, Durham N.C. both the technical and iconographic points of view; further, this publication identifies the craftsman who created it and the patron who commissioned it. It concludes with a comparison between the original chariot, and the reconstruction. By Adriana Emiliozzi, from the Introduction to the volume. Page 31 With the spread of Homeric epic The closing section features a group of EXHIBITS throughout the Italian peninsula, the votive images of the Etruscans ranging authority figures of Etruscan society from swaddled babies to the elderly, and began adhering to the ideals of the shown for the first time, two grotesque Etruscans: Heroic Ideals prince-hero. They distinguished them- busts from the warehouses of the and Shining Wine selves not only through their military Vatican Museum. “Etruschi: l’ideale eroico e capabilities, but for their ceremonial Finally, a rare exhibit, that returns the il vino lucente” practices and accumulation of enormous visitor to the region of Piemonte, fea- Asti, Palazzo Mazzetti wealth. tures the re-creation of a luxurious room March 17 to 15 July 15, 2012 Panels relate the virtues of these from the Racconigi Castle, the Etruscan principes and of the Etruscan aristocra- Cabinet, commissioned by King Charles For the first time in over half a centu- cy. An evocative reconstruction uses Albert from the artist Pelagio Palagi. ry, the city of Asti and the Piedmont real artifacts to reconstruct the image of Original drawings, furnishings and dec- Region are devoting an exhibition to the a hoplite warrior of the Archaic period, orations of the Neoclassical style pay Etruscans, the earliest cultural link his face concealed by a beautiful bronze tribute to the relationship between the between the Mediterranean and the shield from the Vatican Museums. Etruscans and the house of Savoy in the Celtic world of Europe. This is an Etruscan men were devoted to sports context of the artistic "Etruscan" taste extraordinary opportunity to view a Villanovan, Iron Age culture period of and personal care. Women used balms, that spread in Europe between the 18th selection of Etruscan and Greek works the early first millennium BC in Italy, fragrances and ointments, in the tradi- and 19th centuries. from the Vatican Museums and other the early Etruscans were already charac- tion of the East; a "sensory" section has The exhibition will be accompanied major Italian collections. terized by their funerary ritual of crema- been dedicated to these ancient fra- by educational activities : guided tours, The exhibition is promoted by the tion and a strong warrior culture. grances. workshops, lectures and theme evenings Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio of Asti, The drink of choice for these ancient Watercolors from the 19th century with wine tastings. with the collaboration of the Vatican families was a traditional Italic wine reproduce two painted tombs of Practical information: Museums and the support of the made from wild vinefera vines ever Tarquinia, the Tomb of the Chariots and Hours: Tuesday to Sunday 9.30 AM Piedmont Region. Curated by since the Bronze Age, and consumed in the Tomb of the Triclinium and allow 7:30PM. closed Mondays. Alessandro Mandolesi and Maurizio large impasto cups. From the eighth the visitor to relive the atmosphere of Tickets 9.00 Euros, 7.00 Euros for small Sannibale and coordinated by the Civita century BC on, contact with the East athletic games and ceremonies in honor groups; visitors under 18 and seniors organization, it will feature significant brought to the tables of the Etruscan of the noble dead. over 65, 3.00 Euros. Special prices for loans from major museums and Italian aristocracy new types of vases and con- The second part of the exhibition schools. www.palazzomazzetti.it cultural institutions. tainers, and with them the fashion of focuses on the banquet, documented by Exhibited for first time in Asti appro- drinking refined, “shining” wine. At the luxurious tableware and furniture, and Palazzo Mazzetti was built between priately enough, is the Villanovan crest- same time as the introduction of writing, the reconstruction of an original painted the 17th and 18th centuries above a ed bronze helmet submerged for cen- the adoption of a heroic funerary ideol- chamber tomb, the Tomb of the Scrofa group of medieval houses along Corso turies in the waters of the Tanaro River, ogy, and a new way of feasting, they Nera (the Black Sow), whose paintings, Alfieri. A careful restoration by the pres- near Asti, before it was brought to light adopted an aristocratic lifestyle adapted which were detached from the tomb ent owners, the Fondazione Cassa di at the end of the nineteenth century. The from the Phoenicians and Greeks. walls for preservation purposes, depict a Risparmio of Asti, has returned it to the helmet is the symbol of the first contact The exhibition is divided into two lively 5th century banquet scene. public in all its former glory. Visitors to between the Etruscans and ancient com- parts, connected by underground vault- One of the earliest scenes of the sym- the building can see the wine cellars, munities in the valley of the Tanaro, and ed brick galleries below Asti's Palazzo posium is represented, with vivid colors, now an excavated archaeological muse- the starting point for a more in-depth Mazzetti. The first part follows the on the Archaic tympanum from the um display. On the ground floor, the look at the relationship between the spread of heroic ideals and "Homeric" Tomb of the Tarantola. Also present is service areas have been converted into Eastern Greek Mediterranean and the custom in Etruria, through a series of the important Vipinana sarcophagus temporary exhibition space, while the Etruscans in the west, when the "red themes that characterize the earliest from Tuscania, reuniting for the first the galleries for the collections of the thread" of Homeric poems passed on phases of Etruscan civilization: com- time the image of the banqueter on its Museo Civico are on the second floor, new ideals of life and customs to the merce, myth, the hoplite way, athleti- lid with the representation on the case of with its decorative stucco and original Etruscan and Italic aristocracies. In the cism, costume, body care. the myth of Niobe. décor. starts along a series hallways where necropoleis and enter the dromos into Etruscans in Sweden large monitors and screens (over 30) tomb chambers, like the famous Tomba “Etruskerna i Europa 3D” narrate the world of the ancient dei Rilievi, usually closed to the public. Resa Multimedia Utställning Etruscans with dramatic videos, anima- New to the exhibit is an “augmented Medelhavsmuseet tions, and three-dimensional images. reality” station. Visitors can manipulate Fredsgatan 2, 103 21 Stockholm Within the exhibit, two stations allow virtual 3D objects stored at the Museum February 11, - September 2, 2012 visitors to stroll and discover the of Chianciano Terme. Then come giant Necropoleis of Banditaccia di Cerveteri 3D digital posters of Etruscan objects Coming for the first time to Stockholm, and the painted tombs of the Monterozzi and iconography and excavation after its success in Brussels (see at Tarquinia, both Unesco World videos of archaeologists opening niche Etruscan News 13) and Trento, is Heritage sites. There is also a virtual tombs and finding bones and objects Etruscans in Europe, the traveling mul- tour of the Tomba della Scimmia in inside them. timedia exhibition produced by Historia Chiusi. The technology, viewed on an The well known Etruscan collections and created in technical collaboration almost life-size screen, is a multimedia of the Medelhavsmuseet, some of which with the Bruno Kessler Foundation. production based on panoramic images, come from King Gustav’s excavations The exhibition, which just ran this fall by means of which visitors can walk in southern Etruria, will complement the at the Museo della Scienza in Trento, through the ancient streets of the exhibition. Page 32 An Etruscan Exhibition in Canada “The Etruscans - an Ancient Italian Civilization” June 19, - November 4, 2012 Roman relief with personification The Pointe-à-Callière, Montreal of Etruscan cities. Vatican. Museum of Archaeology and History king of Rome and were written about will inaugurate its newly acquired gal- by the Roman Emperor Claudius, the leries with a major exhibition devoted “Etruscologist,” in the first half of the to the Etruscans. Impressive for the first century, and remembered in a cycle quantity and quality of works loaned of frescoes, like the frescoes of from over 15 European institutions, the Mirror from Vulci with Chalcas as Watercolor of a dancing Maenad Tarquinia, shown in the mid-nineteenth exhibition will make use of innovative haruspex. Vatican Museums. Carlo Ruspi 1831. Munich. century painted copies by Carlo Ruspi, technologies and striking installations and the “Francois” tomb at Vulci from that will enhance the almost 200 pre- extraordinary vivacity in the frescoes began to mix with Etruscan, eventually the second half of the fourth century cious objects on display. from the Tomb of the Triclinium of replacing it, as confirmed by some BC, while direct evidence for the exis- The exhibition proposes to illustrate Tarquinia, represented in the exhibition funerary inscriptions in the exhibition. tence of the historical figure Aule and summarize the history of Etruscan by full scale detailed renderings by the Etruria was by now fully Romanized; it Vibenna from the mid-sixth century. BC civilization from its beginnings as a Roman painter Carlo Ruspi, painted survived via its traditions, religious is given by a votive inscription discov- series of hut villages between the 11th shortly after the discovery of the tomb practices and institutions, as shown by ered at Veii in the 1930s by Massimo and 9th centuries BC. Exploiting the in 1830. This section will feature table- the famous bronze model of a liver Pallottino, the father of modern mineral and agricultural resources avail- ware of silver, bronze, bucchero, terra- from Piacenza, a tool for the teaching of Etruscan studies. able in the area and its strategic position cotta pottery, and a precious blue glass haruspicy. A long inscription in frag- The exhibition will conclude with a at the center of the Mediterranean, they bowl, as well as kitchen utensils, furni- mentary Latin, dating to the middle of sort of “encounter” with the Etruscans, gave birth to the wealthy and powerful ture, games and musical instruments. the Imperial age, praises members of the realized through a series of self por- cities of historical Etruria, thanks also This lavish way of life will be further illustrious Etruscan “Spurinna” family, traits. Well-known pieces, like a beauti- in part to their longtime domination exemplified by rich sets of jewelry, who had previously exercised their ful bronze head from the Museum of over the Tyrrhenian Sea, where they some of them used by men, and precious supreme power in Tarquinia, and were Florence, will be joined by new, unpub- clashed with the Greeks, with mixed containers of exotic perfumes and oint- known for their victorious military lished material that has never before left success. From the cities — document- ments, evidence of the refined and exploits against the Greeks of Sicily. Italy, such as a valuable series of terra- ed through their buildings, palaces, and sophisticated taste of Etruscan women Visual and written presentations of cottas discovered at Narce. once exuberantly decorated polychrome of high rank. ancient authors relating to famous peo- The exhibition aims to present to the temples — the exhibition then moves to The combined pressure from the Greek ple and events focus on histories that North American public a picture of the the homes of the rich Etruscan aristocra- colonies in southern Italy and Rome have been confirmed by archaeological history of the Etruscan civilization that cy, illustrating their sumptuous and fes- determined, from the fourth century. BC discoveries. These include the tales of is scientifically up to date, and rich in its tive lifestyle. The banquets and con- on, the slow and progressive decline of Mastarna/Servius Tullius, the Vibenna emotional impact. sumption of wine, music, dancing and the Etruscan cities. In the course of the brothers, Aule and Caele; their exploits By Filippo Delpino (Consiglio various games were depicted with first century BC the Latin language were linked to the history of the last Nazionale delle Ricerche – ISCIMA). “The Etruscans: A Classical Fantasy” Nicholson Museum Sydney, Australia 6 July 2011- January 2012 Nicholson Museum at University of Sydney, founded in 1860. A new exhibition at the University of were built into mounds, carved into hills Sydney offers insight into the once or cut into bedrock. They were painted flourishing ancient culture of the and decorated as if the deceased contin- Etruscans. “A Classical Fantasy,” at the ued to inhabit them, and they were filled Nicholson Museum in Sydney, features with the necessities and the luxuries of sculpture, jewelry, bronzes, pottery, life, dining and drinking accouterments, votive terracotta figurines and body Etruscan Places, published in 1932. day fascination with the Etruscans in jewelry, furniture and chariots. parts, and funerary urns. The urns date "There are references to them in Latin part derives from the magnificent paint- Illustrated on some of the tomb walls to the second century BC, and offer writers. But of first-hand knowledge we ed tombs at Tarquinia, which, being was imagery reflecting the important rit- some valuable clues about life in have nothing except what the tombs underground, survived for well over two uals of life: dancing, feasting, games, Etruria. offer. So to the tombs we must go: or the thousand years. “The Etruscans built sex and death. Several urns on display "Now, we know nothing about the museums containing the things that cities of the dead outside the walls of feature lids depicting the deceased, with Etruscans except what we find in their have been rifled from the tombs." their homes in the Tuscan hills," he says. writing on the front giving the dead per- tombs," wrote D.H. Lawrence in Curator Michael Turner says present- "Within these necropoleis, family tombs son's name and family." Page 33 recent excavations in the territory of Hot on the heels of the last volume on and later of the rich middle class, name- REVIEWS Populonia. Two contributions deal with the excavation of the habitation site ly eating and wine drinking. It is sup- this material and study the characteris- above the sanctuary of Veii, L’abitato posed that the deceased continued this tic features of local production, the etrusco di Veio, 2009 (Etruscan News ritual in the netherworld. The practice archaeological contexts, and the broad- 13, 2010, 27), comes this publication of of eating and drinking, which also took er question of similarities and differ- the Veii excavations, 1889-2005, focus- place before and the funeral, was ences of the southern Etruscan material. ing on the city’s votive deposit from important for self-representation, con- There are interesting observations on Comunità, an area of Veii dating from solidation of power, and social repro- the production of Tarquinia, and on the fifth to the second century; a hiatus duction. Quotations from sacred books, reciprocal influence of the Sabine in the fourth century brings up the pos- especially the lost libri rituales trans- types. sibility of a change of tradition at that mitted by Greek and Roman authors, time. See elsewhere in this issue of are compared with the evidence of recent archaeological excavations, Maria Paola Baglione, ed. Massimo Etruscan News for news of the latest especially those in newly founded Pallottino. Tre momenti nella vita di remarkable find from this ongoing cities. Though ancient authors were uno studioso: Veio, Pyrgi, Milano ’55. excavation, fragments of a terracotta biased, their information, especially on La Sapienza, Rome 2010. statue of a dog with a hand on its head. cosmological orientation, orthogonali- This is the catalogue of a small but ty, mundus, sulcus primigenius, and informative exhibit held at La Sapienza pomerium, often has a core of truth. dealing with three important projects Most Etruscan rituals disappeared in Book Reviews that Massimo Pallottino carried out and the fourth century AD; a few survived that helped to change the face of until the present day, though changed, by Larissa Bonfante Etruscan studies. The first is his exca- and in different contexts. vation at the sanctuary and temple at Tetti di Terracotta. La decorazione Veii, following upon the startling 1916 architettonica fittile tra Etruria e discovery of the architectural terracotta Lazio in età arcaica. Officina statues of Apollo and the other divini- Etruscologia, Rome, 2010. Officina ties that once decorated the roof of the Edizioni http://www.officinaedi- temple. The second involved another zioni.it/ 336 pages - Euros 24.00 sensational find, the bilingual gold The volume includes the Proceedings tablets found buried between the tem- of the two-day Giornate di Studio, ples at Pyrgi. The third was the organized by La Sapienza, Università di Etruscan exhibit of 1955, which Roma in March and October of 2010, brought Etruscan art to public con- on architectural terracottas of the sciousness – leading, unfortunately, to Archaic period. The first meeting was an incremental increase of illegal exca- devoted to a discussion of the recently L.B. van der Meer. Etrusco ritu. Case vations and tomb robbing. published book by Nancy A. Winter, Studies in Etruscan Ritual Behaviour. Symbols of Wealth and Power; Monographs on Antiquity 5. Louvain Architectural Terracotta Decoration in - Walpole, MA: Peeters Publ. Pages Etruria and Central Italy, 640-510 B.C. 167, 33 figs) (Ann Arbor, MI 2009), a definitive This book focuses on Etruscan private study of the earliest Etruscan architec- and public ritual behavior in the last tural decoration. It was an opportunity millennium BC. It is based on archaeo- to review earlier studies, suggest new logical, epigraphic and historical Mariagrazia Celuzza, ed. Signori di interpretations, and add unpublished sources, with topics including context, Maremma. Elites Etruschi tra materials not included in Nancy form, origins, agency, and dynamics Populonia e il Vulcente. Florence, Winter’s study because they were found (homeostasis or change), as well as the Polistampa. 2009. in excavations or in storerooms after the meaning, function and survival of rites book’s publication. The following day in the Roman and later periods. After an The beautifully illustrated and ele- was devoted to a study of the architec- introduction to recent theories and defi- gantly designed catalogue of the exhib- tural terracottas from the Archaic tem- nitions, private rituals are traced, rites it featured at Grosseto during the sum- ple of Caprifico di Torrecchia. de passage like marriage, birth, perina- mer of 2009 (June-October) allows tal burial, transition to adulthood, those who saw the exhibit to have Tra Centro e Periferia. Nuovi dati sul immersion, healing, adoption, divina- repeated access to it, and those who bucchero nell’Italia centrale tirrenica. tion and consecration. Mortuary rituals missed it to admire the well-chosen Officina Etruscologia, Rome, 2010. are dealt with separately because of objects displayed there. Illustrations are Euros 18. their private and public dimensions. large, many of them full-page, rather than the many small images shown in This multi-author volume deals with Gilda Bartoloni, M. Gilda Pre-burial, burial, and post-burial rites many catalogues, so one can see the the distribution of bucchero from south- Benedettini. Veio. Il deposito votivo di are analyzed with reference to grave- details of materials and decoration, and ern Etruria. It includes the Proceedings Comunità (Scavi 1889-2005). goods, and to artifacts and bones, since close-up views bring the reader close to of the conference held in 2008 at La Archaeologica 162. Corpus delle stipi written sources are rare or non-existent. the actual experience of visiting the Sapienza, Università di Roma, dealing votive in Italia XXI. Giorgio Grave sets reflect, from c. 800 until c. exhibit. with the bucchero produced in northern Bretschneider Editore, Rome 2011. 40 BC, the core activity first of the elite Etruria. The focus is on the results of Page 34 sented by Carlotta Cianferoni, Director Selected papers of Mario Torelli are Since at least the XIII century artists of the Archaeological Museum in collected in two useful volumes with the had been studying archaeological Florence, who also contributes a chapter Greek title Semainein, indicating their remains from which they derived tecb- on Etruscan fashions in Etruscan art, focus, to explain the significance of niques and models for their own works. contains contributions by numerous monuments and art works. His method One of the consequences of this is the Etruscan scholars, including the editors is interdisciplinary, his reach is global, creation of collections of anticaglie, – Simona Rafanelli is the Director of the encompassing Greek, Etruscan and such as the one belonging to Lorenzo lively new Vetulonia Museum- Mario Roman, his interpretations are often Ghiberti. Scholars bave looked for an Iozzo, Giorgio Paolucci, Laura controversial and always interesting. ancient model for the posture of Isaac in Ambrosini, Larissa Bonfante, and oth- The work is divided between the the famous formella he prepared for the ers. There is much here that is new, Language of Architecture, and Images, competition for Battistero of Florence. informative and useful. Contexts and Messages. Etruscan urns of the Hellenistic period from Volterra, which were known in Florence in Ghiberti’s time, offer numerous possible models for the pose and plastic values of his bronze relief.

Dalla Nascita alla Morte: Antropologia e Archeologia a Confronto I. Atti dell’Incontro Internazionale di studi in onore di Claude Lévi-Strauss. Rome, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “Luigi Pigorini.” Edited by Valentino Nizzo. Rome, 2011. Questions of gender and society, rituals marking the various passages of life, birth, adulthood, death, all of these are dealt with in a series of interesting contributions placing archaeological mate- Ann Ferebee, with Jeff Byles. A rials and ideas in an anthropological History of Design from the Victorian context that does not lose sight of the Era to the Present. A Survey of the realities on which it is based. Giovannangelo Camporeale, Gli Modern Style in Architecture, Interior Etruschi. Storia e civiltà. Third edi- Design, Graphic Design, and tion. Turin, UTET. Pages 616, 355 Photography. Second edition. New figs. Euros 39. York and London, W.W. Norton. Morris M. Weiss, M.D. The Mystery of This thick volume was conceived as a 2011. $50.00. the Tuscan Hills. Author House, general book on the Etruscans in the tra- The Etruscans were not only great Bloomington, IN, 2006. Pages 262, dition of Massimo Pallottino’s technicians – hydraulics, with the 131 figs. Etruscologia, but keeping in mind the Cloaca Maxima and the various cuni- Reviewed by Richard Dawson characters of the various cities and culi, road building, architecture, prophe- regions on the model of Luisa Banti’s cy and divination. Their art and design (Editors’ note: Etruscan News is happy Mondo degli Etruschi, each of which were also innovative, as we see from to publish this review of an Etruscophile was a different world, in Etruscan times their tomb painting, funerary architec- who recently returned from a tour of as today. It was first published in 2000 – ture, bronze work, bucchero vases and Etruscan places with Archaeological a good year for books on the Etruscans, ancestral images. It has indeed often Tours. Having covered the principal which saw the appearance of the two been seen with modern eyes. This is one sites – Tarquinia, Cerveteri, Volterra, basic books in English, Sybille Haynes’ of the reasons for the fascination with Chiusi, Orvieto, and numerous others — Etruscan Civilisation, and the English their material culture at various periods he recommends this small volume for translation of the Catalogue to the of history, not only in the Renaissance first-time visitors of these sites. We note Etruscan exhibit at Palazzo Grassi, in but in more recent periods, when etr- that Doctor Weiss became an enthusias- Venice. This third edition, which fol- uscheria became fashionable and tic traveler in Etruria after having exca- lows closely on the second edition, in Etruscan design inspired styles of dress vated at La Piana with our Editor, Jane Simona Rafanelli, Paola Spaziani. 2004, proves its success with the public and decoration: Artists such as Piranesi, Whitehead. The book is sold at Amazon “Dal louterion allo specchio. Il “per- for whom it is intended as well as with and more recently Giacometti, have for only $3.99, and is available for cosro delle immagni” nel mondo etr- scholars, and its low price allows indi- been stimulated by the creations of these Kindle.) usco,” in Etruschi. Il privilegio della viduals to own their own copies. ancient designers. bellezza, Rome, Aboca, 2010, 18-32. This short monograph (only 106 pages This attractive, well-illustrated book Armando Cherici, “Un motivo etr- long), subtitled “A Travel Guide in deals with the various aspects of the Mario Torelli, Semainein, Significare. usco nel Sacrificio d’Isacco di Search of the Ancient Etruscans,” makes care of the body, from cosmetics to Scritti Vari di Ermeneutica Lorenzo Ghiberti,” a fine starting guide for the first-time medicine – including baths, healing Archeologica. Pisa, Rome, Fabrizio Annali dell’Università di Ferrara, visitor to Etruria. For more than twenty divinities, medicinal herbs, grave goods Serra Editore. 20012. Sezione Storia No. 3 (2006). continued on page 36 from female graves. The volume, pre- Page 35 Mystery, continued from page 35 sent and often reflect the wealth and tionships between the Etruscans and the years, Dr. Weiss has spent his holidays power of the elite who commissioned other inhabitants of the Mediterranean volunteering at Etruscan archaeological the temples. The fourth edition of the coasts, and their role in the fascinating excavations, including La Piana, near Deliciae Fictiles conferences focused history of the first millennium before Siena, and exploring the museums, on this specific class of mostly hand- our era. tombs and other sites related to the made terracotta roof decoration from Etruscans gives an excellent overview Etruscans. He has used this accumulated Etruria and Central Italy, Campania and of the current state of Etruscan affairs. information to write a brief, readable Sicily. Thus far, attention has been given Indeed, the ‘mysterious Etruscans’ are a travel guide of the places where these mainly to roofs as whole decorative sys- thing of the past, although all the details Etruscan sites, tombs and artifact collec- tems, and their mould-made repetitive will never be known. Research, excavations can be found. Each place from elements. tions and new techniques (such as 3D Florence to Rome has his personal high- Previous conferences (Deliciae Fictiles reconstructions) will continue to fasci- lights and a description of the area. It is I-III) have demonstrated the range of nate us. the latter that gives Dr. Weiss the real decorative systems and types and pre- sense of the ancient Etruscans, especial- sented new material from excavations ly Mount Amiata. “No Roman, no and museum storerooms, enlarging the medieval, no Renaissance patina to known corpus immensely. The time had wash away:…” Although Dr. Weiss come to shift the topic to a more specif- Etruscans: Eminent women, Powerful sometimes digresses from the subject, ic subject, namely the mainly handmade men”. Editors: Patricia S. Lulof, and in a few instances, misstates the sculptural decoration. The often frag- Iefke van Kampen. Zwolle: Wbooks, facts, this small guide is still a good first mentary and dispersed large and small- 2011. Pp.184, c. 150 color illustra- base upon which to build your trip in scale terracotta acroteria and high reliefs tions. € 24.95 ISBN 978-90-400-7806- search of the Etruscans. remain to a great extent unpublished and 4 (Dutch edition) ISBN 978-90-400- have rarely been the subject of separate 78071 (English edition). publications. The fourth conference on Architectural This book is not an exhibition catalog Terracottas in Ancient Italy (Deliciae in the classic sense, it is the “accompa- Fictiles IV), was held at the Etruscan nying publication” to the dual exhibi- National Museum at the Villa Giulia tions, Etruscans in Leiden and and the Royal Dutch Institute in Rome Amsterdam, where the contributions of October 23-24, 2009, followed by a many Etruscan specialists - Dutch and seminar at the Archaeological Museum Italian - share with us a wide range of “Paolo Orsi“ at Syracuse, Sicily. their latest insights and discoveries. This volume contains sixty contribu- In the five chapters, many facets of the tions each representing a thorough and Etruscan culture and history are interesting topic, publishing new mate- described. After an introductory chapter rial, new findings, and many new recon- (origin, language) is chapter two on Silvia Ten Kortenaar, Il Colore e la structions of this highly rare material, “The origin and manifestation” in which materia. Tra tradizione e innovazione from all over Italy, from the Archaic the earliest Etruscan aristocracy, war- nella produzione dell’impasto rosso periods into the Hellenistic times. A vast riors, carts and the status of women are nell’Italia medio-tirrenica. Officina bibliography and over seven hundred discussed. Indeed, the Etruscan woman Etruscologia 4, Officina Etruscologia illustrations, many of which in color, was in our view more ‘emancipated’ Rome, 2011, Officina Edizioni, provide reference material for scholars than her other Mediterranean sisters. http://www.officinaedizioni.it Deliciae Fictiles IV: Architectural and students of archaeology, ancient Which of course also led to prejudices 416 pages - Euros 24.00. With an Terracottas in Ancient Italy: Images of architecture and technique, art history by the Greeks and Romans on the English abstract. By Jacopo Tabolli Gods, Monsters and Heroes. Edited by and iconography. “licentious” Etruscan women. Patricia Lulof and Carlo Rescigno, Editors of this volume are Patricia S. Chapter three focuses its attention on This book concerning the Etruscan Proceedings of the international con- Lulof (University of Amsterdam) and the elite and their dwellings (banquet, red-slip ware production is the first full- ference held in Rome (Museo Carlo Rescigno (Seconda Università palaces, jewels). Chapter four deals with scale examination of this peculiar Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, degli Studi di Napoli), both well-known deities, priests and temples (ancestors, Orientalizing fabric. Along with the tra- Royal Netherlands Institute) and specialists in the field and responsible nature religion, votive gifts) and the ditional theory of a Phoenician origin Sicily (Siracusa, Museo Archeologico for many publications on the same sub- Etruscan near-obsession to understand for the technique of the red terracotta Regionale ‘Paolo Orsi’), October 21- ject. the will of the gods. In the last chapter fabric and for the various shapes, the 25, 2009, Oxbow Books. we read about the growing power of author suggests that it was a develop- Rome and how the Etruscans were ment of a local Iron Age tradition in the In ancient Italy, temples were adorned finally assimilated into their empire. In hands of the Etruscans craftsmen. Both with full-figure architectural terracotta some respects greatly influencing theories are discussed on the basis of the images such as acroteria and statuary Roman culture. first complete typology, which will sure- groups at the apex and corners of the The appendix briefly discusses the ori- ly constitute the foundation of any fur- pediment and along the ridge poles, and gins of the Etruscan collections of the ther studies on this type of fabric. With high reliefs in the open pediments. Leiden Museum of Antiquities and the this book Officina Etruscologia con- These terracottas mostly show complex Allard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam. firms its ambitious project of publishing scenes of gods and heroes, legendary Emphasis in this book is on the museum monographs by younger scholars on battles and mythical animals, as well as objects in the photographs and the rela- large volutes and palmettes. They repre- Etruscan and Italic material culture. Page 36 Bernard M. Goldman, Norma W. Synagogue and the Christian chapel. Goldman, My Dura-Europos. The Her letters give us an eyewitness Letters of Susan M Hopkins 1927- account of the progress of this excava- 1935. Wayne State University Press, tion, see through the eyes of a young Detroit, MI. 2011. woman raised in the conservative Reviewed by Larissa Bonfante Midwest. Though often dealing with mundane matters of everyday life, her Susan Hopkins participated in one of letters contain such poetic passages as the most momentous discoveries in the the description of the excavation at by history of archaeology in the twentieth moonlight: “Work has begun, and down century when her husband, Clark below us each night are the bright camp- Hopkins was invited by Michael fires of the workmen in their black tents, Rostovtseff to direct the excavations at and just outside the tent are the strange Dura Europos. This frontier outpost black nomad tents erected by the gen- between the Persian and Roman darmes on guard. It is very interesting to Empires became one of the most impor- wander out there in the moonlight and tant archaeological sites in the Middle hear issuing from the tent the weird East, largely because of the discovery of melancholy music that the Arabs seem the two religious buildings, the Jewish to love. Signed, Susie.” New Books OBITUARIES

Causey, Faya, Amber and the Ancient World. Getty Publications, LA. Hardcover. 2011. $25.

Bruschetti, Paolo, Françoise Gaultier, Paolo Giulierini, Laurent Haumesser, eds, Gli Etruschi dall’Arno al Tevere. Le Collezioni del Louvre a Cortona. Musée du Louvre, Paris. Skira, Milan. 2011.

Gruen, Erich S. ed, Cultural Identity in the Ancient Mediterranean. Issues and Debates. Getty Research Institute. Getty Publications. 2011. Linda Lambert, Etruscan Evenings. Jensen, Bo, Viking Age Amulets in A Novel. Authorhouse, Bloomington, Scandinavia and Western Europe. BAR IN. 2011. International Series 2169. Oxford. 2010. Norma Goldman With CD. Each chapter of the book, with its 1922-2011 Norma directing the Barbarian imaginative plot that takes the reader by Larissa Bonfante fashion show in Richmond, 2001. Gleba, Margarita, Cherine Munkholt, from Egypt to Fiesole, starts with an Marie-Louise Nosch, eds, Dressing the intriguing quotation from Akhmatova, Norma Goldman and her husband, Wayne State University was one of Past. Ancient Styles Series vol. 3. Cavafy, Virginia Woolf and others. Bernard Goldman, taught at Wayne those places. Born in Pittsburg March Oxbow Books, Oxford. Originally These set it into a special context, often State University for over 40 years. 30, 1922, Norma Wynick moved to 2008. Reprinted 2011. poetic, sometimes chronological, and Norma was a graduate of Wayne State Detroit in her teenage years and attend- sets the stage for the author’s own liter- and taught Latin there, and Bernard ed Wayne State University, earning her Carla M. Antonaccio, Sheila Dillon, ary “discoveries:” the controversial brought distinction to Wayne State BA and MA degrees and teaching cer- eds.The Past is Present. The Kempner diary of the Virgin Mary that caused her University Press as its Director. Though tificate in English and Classics from Collection of Classical Antiquities at to be expelled from Egypt, and the long- they stopped teaching in the regular pro- WSU, which was called Wayne the Nasher Museum of Art at Duke lost letters of D.H. Lawrence to her gram when they retired, neither of them University at the time. That year, 1944, University. Nasher Museum of Art 2011. grandmother. A sequel to the author’s ever actually retired. I have mentioned she married Bernard M. Goldman; they earlier Cairo Diary: an Egyptian Fable, Norma and Bernard together because, remained married for more than 61 Maria Christina Biella, La Collezione the story takes anthropologist Justine though each was different in tempera- years, until his death in 2006. After Feroldi Antonisi De Rosa. Tra indagini Jenner to Fiesole, modern Italy and ment in interests, they were very much a teaching in Wayne State’s Greek and archeologiche e ricerca di un’idententi- ancient Etruria. A fun read in the tradi- couple. It is impossible to think of Latin department for 48 years, she ta culturale nella Civita Castellana pos- tion of archaeological mysteries and Norma without thinking of Bernard, just founded SOAR, the Society of Active tunitalia. Pisa, Rome 201. adventure stories. as it is impossible to think of Norma as Retirees, in 2003, where senior citizens not doing something, and starting some- could take classes. “She didn’t retire; thing new in whatever institution, proj- she just went to other colleges,” said ect or environment she happened to find Michele V. Rennick, WSU Classics pro- herself. fessor and a friendcontinued of the deceased. on page 38 Page 37 Norma, continued from page 37 sed to a commitment to rituals of com- friend of the deceased. munication with the gods, which were In 1988 I directed an NEH Seminar, central to civic and family life. The “The Religious Social and Political position has sometimes been misunder- Significance of Roman Dress,” at the stood as implying that the religion con- American Academy in Rome. I was for- sisted of ritual actions alone, without tunate enough to have Norma and ideas, thoughts or commitment; but that Bernard in the group of 12 participants, was far from his conception, in which as well as other remarkable scholars, ritual was to be seen as “an embodiment most of them considerably younger. of thinking”. “We are going to look at old things with Simon was born on September 27, new eyes,” Norma would announce. She 1954 in London and grew up in took over, in her quiet way, and set Manchester, where his father was a about preparing a fashion show for the canon at the cathedral and then bishop end of the course. She went out to buy of Ripon. Simon explained that his inte- the fabrics and soon started a sewing Simon Rowland rest in religion came from “growing up marathon, while Bernard hammered out .in an Anglican cathedral house.” He Hans-Günter Buchholz metal armor. By the end of the course Francis Price was educated at Manchester Grammar 1920-2011 we all took part in an unforgettable, and Key figure in the study of Graeco- School and Queen’s College, Oxford. by Matthias Recke, Aegeanet unforgotten, performance on the steps of Roman religious history His early years as a researcher the American Academy. Her chapter of by John North encompassed Oxford, where he was With much sadness we learned that “Reconstructing Roman Clothing” in registered for the DPhil; University Hans-Günter Buchholz, Professor The World of Roman Costume, pub- June 14, 2011: Simon Price, who has College London, where I supervised his Emeritus of Giessen University, died at lished in 1994, is by now a classic, and died of cancer aged 56, was a major and Oxford thesis; and Cambridge the age of 91 on Friday 24 June at his much appreciated among re-enactors, innovative figure in the study of the reli- University, where he held a junior rese- home in Langgöns, Germany. Buchholz while her video presentation “Let’s gious history of the Graeco-Roman arch fellowship at Christ’s College. was born on 24 December 1919 in Wrap,” in which she demonstrates how world. In his book Rituals and Power From 1981 until his early retirement, he Fürstenwalde/Spree (Berlin). He started to wear Roman clothing and how to (1984), he radically changed ideas about was fellow and tutor in ancient history to study Archaeology and Ancient wrap togas, is used by museum docents the worship of Roman emperors. at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, to History as a prisoner of war in the US and shown by Latin and Roman history Previously, such worship had been seen whose students he became deeply devo- and received his PhD 1949 in Kiel professors all over the country. Years as a device imposed on the provinces by ted. (Kretische Doppelaxt, published 1959). later, in 2001, she and Bernard prepared the new imperial regime of Augustus In 1985, he married the archaeolo- His vast research interests, especially in a Barbarian fashion show in Richmond, after the fall of the republic; both the gist Lucia Nixon; she and their two dau- Cypriot, Mycenaean and Minoan Virginia, for the conference on The reasons for its invention and for its ghters, Elizabeth and Miranda, survive Archaeology, are reflected in such pub- Barbarians of Ancient Europe. acceptance by the provinces were read him. Lucia co-directs the Sphakia sur- lications as Ägäische Bronzezeit, in For teachers of Latin she wrote an as wholly political in motivation, having vey in south-western Crete, covering a 1987, and Altägäis und Altkypros, immensely useful book, English no connection with any notion of “reli- large geographic area and a huge time together with Vassos Karageorghis, in Grammar for Latin Students, which is gion.” span – prehistoric, Graeco-Roman and 1971, translated into English as no doubt helping Latin teachers such as Simon used the epigraphic record of Byzantine-Venetian Turkish, to 1900 – Prehistoric Greece and Cyprus (1973). my colleague who reports that her stu- the Greek-speaking cities of Asia Minor, and concerning the relationship of His research on “Methymna” (1975) dents think “and “ is a verb. She recon- today western Turkey, which provide in humans to their environment over this served as his ‘Habilitation’ for the pro- structed the velarium over the some cases rich details of the organisa- long period of changing economic and fessorship in Berlin (1966-1968). Since Colosseum, researched Roman shoes, tion of rituals and festivals. By careful social circumstances. Simon worked 1969 until his retirement in 1985, he made her own clothes, and went on reading of this material, he was able to with the project in many capacities, par- was full professor and director of the excavation trips to Iran, Israel and show that an essential role had been pla- ticularly on the historical sources. The Archaeological Institute of the Justus- Pakistan. For the past 30 years, she yed by the leading citizens themselves project fitted his own conviction that Liebig-University Giessen, as successor travelled almost every fall to Rome and through local initiatives, and that there good history can only be written using to Margarete Bieber. Many important was a distinguished visiting scholar at was great variation in practice from city all types of available evidence in combi- articles and books followed, among the American Academy of Rome. With to city, not a single unified imperial cult. nation. them Ugarit, Zypern und Ägäis. Katherine Geffcken, the classicist and He concluded that the form of worship Simon was a great man for collabo- Kulturbeziehungen im zweiten historian, she wrote The Janus View. resulted through negotiation locally and ration: in his work over many years for Jahrtausend v. Chr. (1999) and Der From the American Academy in Rome. with the authorities in Rome, producing the journals of the Roman Society; in Werkstoff Holz und seine Nutzung im Essays on the Janiculum (2007). A a means of expressing, in religious running seminars and publishing jointly ostmediterranen Altertum (2004). remarkable book, My Dura-Europos: terms, the new power structure with edited volumes, not least in the writing, Recently, his substantial study on the Letters of Susan M. Hopkins, co- which the communities now had to with Mary Beard and me, of Religions Homeric warfare, Kriegswesen“ (2010) authored with her husband, was released cope. The Birth of Classical Europe by of Rome (1998), in which we tried to set was published as part of the in September, 2011. (See review above) Simon Price and Peter Thoneman was out a radically different vision of the Archaeologia Homerica Series, which Norma Goldman never retired. In her driven by the role of memory in defi- role of religion in 1,000 years of Roman he edited from 1967 on. Buchholz exca- late eighties, she was still active— ning the ancients’ sense of themselves history. He found life, energy and crea- vated in Cyprus from 1970 to 1981, and teaching, writing, editing, travelling and and their own past. tivity in areas where much earlier scho- published Tamassos. Ein antiker playing tennis. She died, at age 89, of a Controversially, Simon argued that it larship had detected little but emptiness Stadtstaat im Bergbaugebiet von heart attack Oct. 1, 2011, at Beaumont was a misconception to assume, on the and political exploitation. He also esta- Zypern. Vol. I: Die Nekropolen I, II und Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan. She analogy of Christianity, that the ancients blished a fine reputation as a supervisor III, Münster 2010. had been battling cancer for a year. had specific religious “beliefs,” as oppo- of research students. Page 38 the city of Alexandria published in walls, fixing the plumbing, installing 1960, he brought about a revolution in guard houses and much else. He modern understanding of one of the obtained aid from Italy to build a new main figures in the tapestry of ancient Assyrian hall and started a conservation history: Alexander III of Macedon, often training program. called “the Great.” Reacting against the He also moved to protect Iraq’s hero worship that was still offered to many archaeological sites, establishing Alexander in the mid-20th century, an archaeological police force with Badian forced historians to look again at vehicles and weapons. Elizabeth Stone, the contradictory and confusing texts on an anthropology professor at Stony which most knowledge rests, and to Brook University on Long Island, said realize that Alexander was as ruthless as Donny George, Protector of the force was effective at first, then any of the Roman generals that march sputtered. through the pages of Foreign Clientelae. Iraq’s Ancient Riches, Professor Stone said Dr. George’s Allied to Badian’s deep historical sense Dies at 60 success in rising to the top of Iraq’s was an acute philological ear, especially by Douglas Martin archaeological establishment was Ernst Badian in his mastery of Latin, and he was a remarkable because he was Christian — 1925-2011 superb stylist in his second language of March 14, 2011: Donny George, an the first of that faith to achieve that Boston Globe, May 23, 2011 English. esteemed Iraqi archaeologist who tried stature. But being a Christian was also Badian’s large output comprises to stop the looters ransacking the Iraq what ultimately prompted him to flee Professor Ernst Badian, John Moors well over 200 items, including six books National Museum after the invasion of the country. Dr. George first went to Cabot Professor of History Emeritus at and many notices for a basic tool of 2003, then led in recovering thousands Syria, then to the United States, where Harvard University, died on Feb. 1, classical scholarship, the Oxford of stolen artifacts in the ensuing years, he became a professor of anthropology, 2011, at the age of 85. Classical Dictionary. He was also a for- died on Friday in Toronto. He was 60. then of Asian studies, at Stony Brook. After teaching in the universities of midable and sometimes devastating His friend Gwendolen Cates said he had Donny George Youkhanna was born Sheffield, Durham, and Leeds in reviewer. Active in the historical profes- a heart attack in the Toronto airport. in Habania, Iraq, on Oct. 23, 1950. His Britain, and at the State University of sion in both the United Kingdom and Dr. George fled Iraq in 2006 because father worked at the British Consulate. New York, Buffalo, he was appointed to the United States, he helped found the of threats to his family. He was also An Assyrian Christian, Dr. George Harvard’s Department of History in Association of Ancient Historians angry that Iraq’s post-invasion politi- dropped his last name for professional 1971, and was cross-appointed to the (1974) and the American Journal of cians seemed interested mainly in purposes. Department of the Classics in 1973. He Ancient History (1978). In 1999 he archaeology pertaining to the Islamic He became a member of Saddam’s became emeritus in 1998. received the Austrian Cross of Honor conquest in the seventh century and its Baath Party, which meant praising the Badian was one of the great histori- for Science and Art. aftermath. His passions were the older dictator in public. Professor Stone said it ans of Greece and Rome of the 20th cen- Badian leaves behind a wife, civilizations of the Sumerians, the would have been impossible for him to tury. He was born in Vienna in 1925. In Nathlie; two children, Hugh and Babylonians, the Assyrians. He directed hold the high positions he did without 1938, in view of the growing persecu- Rosemary; and several grandchildren a major excavation of Babylon. participating in the party in at least tion of Jews in Austria and Germany, he and great-grandchildren. “I can no longer work with these minor ways. He would often joke that he moved with his parents to New Zealand. A memorial service was held on people who have come in with the new worked at faraway digs to avoid party There he attended Canterbury March 22, 2011 at Harvard Hillel, 52 ministry,” he said in an interview with meetings. University College, Christchurch, and Mt. Auburn St., Cambridge. The Guardian in Britain. “They have no But Dr. George believed that even received a B.A. with first-class honors knowledge of archaeology, no knowl- this degree of loyalty was enough to in 1945, and an M.A. in 1946. He then edge of antiquities.” make him a target for revenge by the transferred to Oxford University, in Dr. George was director of research conservative Shiites, who came to dom- England, where he received another for the State Board of Antiquities and inate Iraqi politics after the invasion. B.A., again with first-class honors, and Heritage when United States troops and Dr. George, who was a drummer in a went on to write his doctoral disserta- their allies invaded Iraq. He fought rock band in his spare time, is survived tion under Sir Ronald Syme; he later through blocked bridges, explosions and by his wife, Najat Sarkees; his daughter, edited two of the seven volumes of troops to report to the museum in the Mariam George; and his sons Steven Syme’s Roman Papers. His dissertation chaotic days afterward, finding he could and Martin. formed the basis of his first book, which not persuade American troops to protect Iraqi government officials dismissed remains his magnum opus, his Foreign it because no order had been issued to Dr. George’s criticism that they had not Clientelae of 1958. This fundamental do so. done enough to safeguard the country’s study of Roman imperialism in a period An estimated 15,000 artifacts were ancient relics. They called his com- of crucial growth and transformation is IN MEMORIUM stolen, less than a tenth of the initial plaints a ruse to flee to the United still an unreplaced classic. Roman impe- THE HUEMER FAMILY AND THE guesses. Working with Col. Matthew States. He shrugged this off, saying rialism continued to be one of Badian’s AMERICAN ACADEMY IN ROME Bogdanos of the Marines to investigate archaeologists take a longer view. major interests, and Foreign Clientelae INVITE YOU TO A CELEBRATION OF the thefts, they recovered half the stolen “There are stages such as these, and was followed by Roman Imperialism in THE LIFE OF the artifacts, partly by granting looters then there are stages of calm,” he told the Late Republic and Publicans and CHRISTINA G. HUEMER amnesty. The Times. “Each can last 100 years, but Sinners. 24 MAY 1947 ~ 12 NOVEMBER 2010 Dr. George soon became head of the it passes. A famous Sumerian writer Unusually for someone whose main THURSDAY 3 FEBRUARY AT 6:00 museum, then chairman of the antiqui- described the scene here in 2000 B.C., field was Roman history, Badian was METROPOLITAN CLUB, ties board, replacing a cousin of Saddam saying that people are looting and also a major force in Greek history. In 1 EAST 60 STREET Hussein. He slowly put the museum killing and nobody knows who the king particular, beginning with an article on R.S.V.P CHRISTIANA KILLIAN [email protected] back together, rebuilding damaged is. So you see, nothing is new.” Page 39 Young Apollo: a new this reconstruction show a remarkable reconstruction of an acro- similarity with our graphic reconstruction combining the head of young terial statue from Veii Apollo with the remains of the lower on exhibit in Leiden and part of the body with his hips and legs. Amsterdam, the Netherlands For the Dutch exhibition, a hard copy Exhibition: "Etruscans. Eminent (Fig. 6, also see photo page 1) has been Women, Powerful Men" made of the Latona statue, with 3D scan until 18 March 2012 techniques (Lorenzo Morigi, Bologna). The real statue, (Fig. 7) now in the Among the statues attributed to the National Etruscan Museum Villa Giulia ridge of the temple of Apollo dated 510 in Rome, cannot travel due to her fragile BC in the sanctuary at Portonaccio in state and importance as one of the Veii is a striding woman holding a “canonic” statues in Etruscan Art. In the young boy, commonly identified as copy of the statue, the position of the Latona (the Etruscan Leto) holding her head has been changed slightly, as son Aplu (the Etruscan Apollo). The experts did not agree with the recon- Fig.1 female figure is fairly complete except struction of the head and shoulders as for her left arm. Of the boy, only the made in the 50s of the last century. The lower part of the body is preserved, with copied statue can now be lent to other the lower hem of a short tunic or cloak museums outside of Italy. The actual covering his upper legs; the skin is combination of mother and child has painted dark reddish-brown, thereby been breathtaking and completely con- identifying the figure as male, in convincing. trast to the white skin of the woman. A small terracotta head in the British 1. N.A. Winter, “Gods Walking on the Museum (inv. GR 1852.1-12.4; Fig. 1) Roof: The Evolution of Terracotta was recognized by Nancy A. Winter in Statuary in Archaic Etruscan February 2005 as possibly representing Architecture in Light of the Kings of the head of the child Aplu, on the basis Rome,” Journal of Roman Archaeology of its style, scale and fabric.1 18 (2005) 249, n. 37. Reconstruction drawings (Figs. 2,3) 2. H.B. Walters, Catalogue of the subsequently made by Patricia S. Lulof Terracottas in the Department of Greek have confirmed the visual suitability of and Roman Antiquities, British Museum the association. The head, previously (London 1903) no. XXII, 281; E. believed to form part of a votive statue Richardson, The Etruscans (London of Veientine style, has many characteris- 1964) 101, Pl. 6. tic features that might represent an 3. M. Pallottino, "Officina veiente. Il attempt to depict a child, (Fig. 4) includ- grande acroterio femminile di Veio," in ing the hairstyle, the high rounded dome Fig.6 Fig.7 Saggi di Antichità III. Immagini inedite of the head, and proportionately large e alternative di arte antica (Roma 1979) eyes. The facial features of the child 1037-1092, 1088, pl. XLIV.3.

Fig.3 Fig.4 show nevertheless a very close similari- remaining lower part of the body, the ty with the physiognomy of the connection cannot be technically Veientine acroterial statues – as shown proven, although petrographic analysis by the typical shape of the mouth, the or neutron activation tests could com- profile of nose and chin, the flat eye- pare the fabrics of the separate parts. balls, and the specific hairdo with the The reconstruction should therefore be fillets. The right shoulder of the small regarded as hypothetical. statue probably was pulled upwards, to The head was previously published in judge from the thickening in the lower 1903 and 1964.2 Massimo Pallottino, in part of the neck. Several elements of his major publication of the female stat- modeling indicate that the head was ue acroterion in 1979, published a pho- turned towards the right, facing his tograph of the statue with the small boy mother (Figs. 2,5). Because of the lacu- reconstructed in clay on her left shoud- Fig.2 nae separating the head from the er.3 Position, size and visual impact of Fig.5 Page 40