VOLUME: 4 WINTER, 2004

Vasemania: Neoclassical Form and Ornament: Selections from The Metropolitan Museum of Art at the Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, Design, and Culture

Review by Nancy H. Ramage 1) is a copy of a vase that belonged to Ithaca College Hamilton, painted in Wedgwood’s “encaustic” technique that imitated red-figure with red, An unusual and worthwhile exhibit on the orange, and white painted on top of the “black passion for vases in the 18th century has been basalt” body, as he called it. But here, assembled at the Bard Graduate Center in Wedgwood’s artist has taken all the figures New York City. The show, entitled that encircle the entire vessel on the original, Vasemania: Neoclassical Form and and put them on the front of the pot, just as Ornament: Selections from The Metropolitan they appear in a plate in Hamilton’s first vol- Museum of Art, was curated by a group of ume in the publication of his first collection, graduate students, together with Stefanie sold to the British Museum in 1772. On the Walker at Bard and William Rieder at the Met. original Greek pot, the last two figures on the It aims to set out the different kinds of taste — left and right goût grec, goût étrusque, goût empire — that sides were Fig. 1 Wedgwood Hydria, developed over a period of decades across painted on the Etruria Works, Staffordshire, Britain, France, Italy, Spain, and Germany. back of the ves- ca. 1780. Black basalt with “encaustic” painting. The at the Bard Graduate Center. Pictures courtesy of Stefanie Walker The range of materials, from ceramics to sil- sel.1 The third ver, etchings to paintings, wood and brass to Metropolitan Museum of Art. fabrics and furniture, is wonderfully evocative of the many facets of the widespread interest Fig. 2 Knife box, in vases. English, ca. 1770-80. The collection of vases assembled by Sir Mahogany inlaid with William Hamilton, British envoy to the Court boxwood. The of Naples from 1764 to 1800, provides the Metropolitan Museum opening context for the exhibit. Two of the of Art. vases from his second collection, sold to Thomas Hope in 1801, serve as models in this show. They inspired the kinds of imitations handle on and recreations made by Josiah Wedgwood at the back his firm called Etruria, in Staffordshire, in the of the origi- later 18th century. He reproduced the decora- nal Greek tion and scenes found on both red- and black- pot has been figure pottery, and, like many of his contem- omitted, since Fig. 3 Bowl from poraries, copied the shapes of ancient vases. the piece was meant for Marie Antoinette’s On the other hand, the copies were not made decoration rather than for use as a water jar. dairy at the Château after the original pots, but after the engraved Interestingly, one of Wedgwood’s artists de Rambouillet, ca. plates in the magnificent 4-volume work pub- copied the same scene onto an oval platter, but 1787. Hard-paste lished by Hamilton and written by the anti- this time omitting the two last figures on each porcelain, Sèvres quarian “Baron” d’Hancarville. A hydria (fig. side. Manufactory. Metropolitan Museum of Art.

An English knife box (fig. 2) made of pieces, accompanies the show, as well as a mahogany in the 1770s shows to what extent useful Gallery Guide and various flyers and the vase design was adapted for modern brochures. The material for the exhibit is needs. As knives were expensive at the time, mostly culled from the Metropolitan and the steel blades had to be protected, spe- Museum’s storerooms, reminding us of the cial containers were constructed using ancient vast amount of first-rate art in that museum vase shapes as models. that usually does not see the light of day. This A porcelain bowl (fig. 3) from Marie is the first in a series of exhibits that will high- Antoinette’s dairy at her Château de light the Met’s largely unseen material, and Rambouillet was made by the Sèvres factory that will allow the graduate students at Bard to about 1787. Modeled on the kylix shape, and continue to present topics in collaboration decorated with an exquisitely delicate with curators at the museum. The exhibit, at “Etruscan” pattern in light blue, brown, black, 18 West 86th Street, ran through October 17, and white, it again shows how ancient shapes 2004. For further information, call: 212-501- and designs served as models for new purpos- 3123. es. A beautifully produced and illustrated cata- 1 Robin Reilly, Wedgwood, Vol. I (London 1989) fig. logue, with essays and full entries for all 631. Letters to the Editors Roman times. As always, there is no acknowl- I call your attention to a new technique, antiquities: first, by greatly reducing the edgment that Tuscan pot designs are likely which I first learned about when it was report- appeal of private collecting.” Alas, vilifying Splendid idea to offer EtrNews also as a copies that Romans made of the Etruscan ed in the New Scientist journal of the 12th of collectors, antiquities dealers and museums website (hopefully with links to other designs (perhaps an Etruscan adaptation of July, 2003, which described how very small has been – is being – tried, and has had no Etruscan websites (soprintendenze, institutes, Greek terra cotta pots, like the vases, or their objects such as vases, regularly shaped objects appreciable effect on the scourge of looting. etc.) There should be also an Etruscan website own unique creations?). like some cippi, house foundations, city walls, Indeed, it has proved counter-productive. It for scientific communication like RomArch, Yours in passion for all things Etruscan, buried at depths up to 6 meters under (dry) simply diverts us from considering market- GreekArch, Ostia, etc. so that Etruscologists Pam MacFarland ground, can be detected apparently with cer- based solutions that might actually reduce, if can exchange ideas easily. Providence, RI tainty from the air (aeroplanes or helicopters) not eliminate, looting. It also sends the market Bouke van der Meer using microwave radar technology. The feasi- underground so that looted objects go into pri- University of Leiden Writing Etruscan both RTL and LTR is bility of the technique was demonstrated vate hands where we will never see them. Leiden, Netherlands indeed possible, at least in MAC OS X, if recently in Israel. We all hate looters and wish they would be Mellel is used: it allows custom RTL and/or I hope that Richard Daniel De Puma jailed. (The then-head of the Carabinieri once Etruscan News has been a joy to receive LTR. I think this may be good news for the will write an article concerning Etruscan for- told me that getting caught looting in Italy is because it presents such a thoughtful and use- Old Italic studies at large. My key layout and geries, and make mention of the (fraudulent?) like getting a parking ticket.) So let’s concen- ful combination of different kinds of informa- documentation may be downloaded free from Etruscan Golden Book conserved in the trate on doing things that might be productive tion. I can’t think of another publication that my web pages below as well as versiontrack Bulgarian National History Museum: – like advances in electronic fences, greater so imaginatively mixes articles with scholarly er.com/macosx/ and redlers.com. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/293 efforts locally to catch looters by involving content, serious reviews, information on the Sorin Paliga 9362.stm). locals, tougher looting laws with stiffer penal- state of museums and archaeological sites, University of Bucharest Jeff Hill ties and strict enforcement, regulated excava- and every other kind of material likely to be of Slavic Department University of New South Wales tions financed by sharing finds, etc. It is not a interest to anyone curious about Etruscan civ- Web: (Romanian) http://www.unibuc.ro/ro/ Sydney, Australia question of what’s good and what’s bad, but ilization. My main interest in the history of cd_sorpaliga_ro [email protected] what are the realistic alternatives. The moral Italy concerns Imperial Rome, but I want to (English) http://www.unibuc.ro/en/ posturing reflected in Dr. Sokal’s position is keep up with developments in the study of cd_sorpaliga_en> In “The Plundering of Etruscan Sites: Some fine if it would work. It won’t. That’s already earlier periods and expand my knowledge of Progress Toward a Solution,” (Spring 2003. been proven. That is why I want to try other them and of the people and institutions pro- page 9), Marina Papa Sokal writes that “It is means. ducing and communicating that knowledge. imperative to consider additional measures to Hershel Shanks Etruscan News is an essential tool for me in reduce the total global demand for purchase of Editor, Archaeology Odyssey trying to do that. Thank you for continuing to make this essential publication available. Thomas R. Martin Letter to our Readers Chair, Dept. of Classics A Tablet Winter 2004 Holy Cross Dear Readers, Worcester, MA 01610 As promised in our last issue, we offer our readers Etruscan news from across the Atlantic. We are grateful to our correspondents abroad who send us these reports: Luciana Aigner- I was very interested to see Etruscan News Foresti, president of the Vienna section, Bouke van der Meer, Stephan Steingräber, Maurizio when I went to the Etruscan Study Day at the Sannibale. In the last issue, Dominique Briquel, president of the Paris section, sent us news British Museum earlier this year. from France, including an exciting, recently discovered inscription relating to the Tetnies I thought that you may like to know that family, whose relatives were once buried in the beautiful sarcophagi now in Boston. The third with a friend, Beti Hand, I have been writing president of the foreign sections, Friedhelm Prayon of Tübingen, has also previously con- Tablet B Tablet “Distortions,*” an entertaining play about the tributed to the Foreign News. Etruscans. It shows how they put in place the We mourn the death of Lucy Shoe Merritt, whose memorial is announced elsewhere in this foundations of the Roman Empire. To be as issue. It seems so recently that we celebrated the new edition of her classic volume, Profiles authentic as possible, we have been in dia- of Etruscan and Early Latin Moldings. She has left an important mark on our scholarly field. ... Attached is a word document containing logue with various authorities. It has had We are also saddened to learn of the death of Miriam Balmuth, who did so much for the clearer cropped images of the Etruscologists seven performances to date, at four different study of Sardinia and for our understanding of its crucial importance in the development of locations including festivals and on the 29th attending the First Etruscan Conference (1926) of the Istituto, the same as the photo- Etruscan civilization. She brought together scholars from all over the world in her confer- and 30th of August, we, The Spirit of Etruria ences, which helped to pull Sardinian studies into the mainstream of the ancient Players, will perform it at St Marks Unitarian graph which you reproduced in Etruscan Mediterranean. church, Castle Terrace, Edinburgh, as part of News 3, and, more conveniently side by side, The shocking news has just reached us of the sudden death of Helmut Rix, whose the Festival Fringe. There has been a number the labels added by Bandinelli: I am delighted Etruskische Text (ET) has become the standard reference for Etruscan language studies. An of favourable reviews, by people who write to put faces to the people whose work I study obituary will appear in our next issue. about drama, but not yet one by an (I have made much use of their books archived The most exciting discovery in recent months is a painted tomb from Sarteano, near Etruscologist. in the library of the Istituto on Via della Coincidentally, at the Royal Museum of Pergola, Firenze!). I had hoped to discover an Chiusi. It depicts, in the style of the 4th century paintings from Orvieto, dangers of the Scotland in Edinburgh there is a current exhi- image of one Francesco Pironti, discussed in Underworld: a demon and a snake-headed monster. The tomb was beautifully published in bition, “Treasures from Tuscany – The Professor Bonfante’s fascinating article, and Archeo 3(2004) 32. Etruscan Legacy.” who probably also attended the conference; As this issue goes to press, we are both excited to be more accessible on the web, and con- Robert Cochrane there is a labeled image of Carlo Battisti (but cerned at the possible loss of our friendly newspaper format. It will certainly make distribu- Etruria unclearly or wrongly called “L. Battisti”); he tion easier, however. We do apologize for the resulting delay in the appearance of this issue. Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire was employed within two years by the Italian The idea and the name of Etruscan News were originally inspired by the newsletter of the England Government to discredit Pironti’s work — I Istituto di Studi Etrusco-Italici in Rome. Three issues of that newsletter appeared before it also enclose the digitized critical report by ended with the untimely death of Mauro Cristofani, director of that Istituto, which has now *(Editors’ note: There is a brief review of Battisti, which makes interesting reading, been subsumed into ISCIMA (see page 5). “Distortions” in this issue.) since Pironti actually had the support of the As the newsletter of the U.S. section of the Istituto di Studi Etruschi ed Italici, we are proud Fascist government and Battisti understand- to include a report on the first event that the section has sponsored: Harry Nielsen’s review I went to an exhibit in Stonington, CT ably avoided stepping on anyone’s toes. I of the first graduate student conference, held in New York on April 29, 2004. The choice of called “A Place to Take Root,” about the his- intend to study (and hopefully translate into this as the section’s first sponsored event was intended to encourage younger scholars in the tory of flowerpots and garden containers in English) Pironti’s book later this year — there study of the Etruscans. Those of us who attended the event were delighted at the high quali- America at the Captain Nathaniel B. Palmer is one copy of it in Australia and I hope that ty of the contributions. House (he discovered Antarctica in the mid- Pironti’s papers (which include 3 unpublished In the spirit of ancient competitions and in commemoration of the Olympics in Greece this 19th c). It seems that Frederick Law Olmsted, volumes!) might one day also be made avail- year, we offer for the first time a challenge to our readers. We are asking your help in find- whose beautiful Central Park you (in New able by Mr. Pironti’s daughter for editing and ing the “fatal flaw” in an Etruscan crossword puzzle. The winning answer will be printed in York) get to gaze at everyday, went to publishing, at least on an Internet website. I our next issue. We would love to have other games, puzzles, or jokes to lighten future issues, Tuscany and fell in love with the big terra agree with Professor Bonfante that they repre- and we encourage your creativity. cotta pots, as well as faux cement sorts of sent a most fascinating aspect of the history of pots/urns. The designs are quite intricate. He Etruscology, and it is actually quite difficult to Sincerely yours, brought a bunch back and put them all over decide on the basis of Battisti’s report alone how mainstream and how doubtful Pironti’s Central Park. The exhibit seeks to trace the The Editors: roots of the pots back to Egyptian, Greek, and work was. Page 2 ETRUSCAN NEWS Foreign News Editorial Board, Issue #4, September 2004 ETRUSCAN AND ITALIC Attic black- and red figure ceramics. President of the U.S. Larissa Bonfante [email protected] Until the end of June (6/30/04) one could Section of the Istituto di Classics Department EVENTS IN 2003/2004 visit a very interesting exhibition in the Studi Etruschi ed Italici, New York University by Stephan Steingräber Fortezza Giulioli of Viterbo entitled “Scavo ex officio 25 Waverly Place nello scavo: Gli Etruschi non visti” and New York, NY 10003 The last months of 2003 and the first organized by the Soprintendenza months of 2004 were full of exciting events Archeologica per l’Etruria Meridionale. Editor-in-Chief Jane Whitehead [email protected] concerning Etruscan and Italic cultures both This exhibit is reviewed elsewhere in this Modern and Classical Languages in Italy and in other European countries. A issue. Valdosta State University series of exhibitions, congresses and aca- Outside of Italy the exhibition “Die Valdosta, GA 31698 demic meetings, presentations, lectures and Etrusker” at Hamburg in Germany (2/13 – new archaeological discoveries enriched our 5/16/04) is especially worth mentioning. It Language Page Editor Rex Wallace [email protected] included mostly Etruscan objects from Classics Department knowledge of ancient pre-Roman Italy. museums and collections in Tuscany and University of Massachusetts Among the exhibitions worth mentioning Amherst, MA 01003 are those at Este, Rome, Formello, Milan, Germany and was accompanied by a well Viterbo and Hamburg in Germany. The exhi- illustrated catalogue with contributions by Report from the Fellows Elizabeth de Grummond [email protected] bition “Il passaggio del guerriero. Un pelle- B. Andreae, H. Blanck, F. Buranelli, A. University of Michigan grinaggio tra i santuari atestini” (12/7/02 – Hoffmann, F. Prayon and C. Weber- Ann Arbor, MI 12/7/03) in the Museo Atestino of the lovely Lehmann. The high point was undoubtedly town of Este near Padova was organized the display of the painted panels of the Submissions, news, pictures, or other material appropriate to this newsletter may be sent to mainly by the director of the museum, A. Tomba François in Vulci from the Villa any of the editors listed above. The email address is preferred. Nominations for member- Ruta Serafini. It documented a number of Albani in Rome; these were recently ship in the Section may be sent to Larissa Bonfante at the above address. sanctuaries partly dedicated to the goddess restored thanks to the sponsorship of the Reitia, both in Este (Caldevigo, Meggiaro, German Bucerius Foundation. Deserto, Morlungo, Casale) and in other Particularly interesting congresses have sites of Veneto, such as San Pietro been organized at Udine, Orvieto, Perugia Montagnon (PD), Vicenza and Altino. Some and Louvain-la-Neuve in Belgium. A con- Etruscan Crossword Puzzle of these sanctuaries with their typical small gress on “Stranieri e non cittadini nei santu- votive bronze statuettes had been frequented ari del Mediterraneo antico” took place from Contest! This puzzle contains a flaw. Solve the puzzle (the answer appears on the last page), from the 7th century B.C. until the 2nd cen- 20 to 22 November 2003 at the University of then revise the puzzle to correct the flaw. The winning entry will be printed in our next issue. tury A.D. A voluminous catalogue of the Udine. Among the many contributions, exhibition was also published. mostly by Italian and German archaeolo- Translate all names from Greek to Etruscan. Fill all boxes right to left. In a series of exhibitions on “Moda, cos- gists, the one by Alessandro Naso on the tume e bellezza nell’Italia antica,” the Etruscans in Greek sanctuaries is particular- Across: Down: Museo di Villa Giulia in Rome organized an ly worth mentioning. 1. Ariadne’s husband 2. “Ox-eyed ______” (from Homer) Etruscan section from September 2003 to As it does every year, the Fondazione per 4. Etruscan word for “son” 3. Goddess born from the sea foam March 2004. This exhibition included rich il Museo “Claudio Faina” organized, from 6. Slayer of the Nemean lion 5. Son of Peleus and Thetis, Trojan hero burial gifts, such as gold jewelry from an December 12–14, 2003, a congress in the 9. Led the Olympians in a battle against 7. Vengeful wife of the king of Mycenae aristocratic tomb at Nepi which was used venerable Medieval Palazzo del Capitano Cronus and the Titans 8. Etruscan “ghost” from the second half of the 6th until the 3rd del Popolo of Orvieto. The topic was “I 10. Hero of Homer’s second book century B.C. Greci in Etruria,” specifically the physical 11. Helen’s brother-in-law; a descendant of In the Sala Orsini of Palazzo Chigi, in the presence of Greeks in Etruria. Most of the Atreus historical centre of Formello near ancient leading Italian scholars contributed lectures: 12. Male (and female) soothsayer Veii, one could visit the very instructive Maria Bonghi Jovino, Francesco Roncalli, 13. First deity to plant an olive tree on the exhibition “Dalla Capanna alla Casa. I primi Giovannangelo Camporeale, Giovanni Acropolis abitanti di Veio” (12/13/03 – 3/1/04) organ- Colonna, Mario Torelli, Adriano Maggiani, ized by the dynamic young Dutch director of Bruno D’Agostino and Giuseppe Sassatelli. the museum Iefke van Kampen. The exhibi- The topic yielded very stimulating results. tion of 190 objects explained the develop- On February 5-7, 2004 a congress on “La ment of Etruscan domestic architecture in storia e l’archeologia di Perugia nell’anti- Veii from the 11th to the 6th century B.C. chità” took place at the University of and included the reconstruction of an almost Perugia, at the Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia. life size hut. The contributions, mostly by Italian schol- In the crypt of Santa Maria della Vittoria, [continued on next page] belonging to the Soprintendenza Archeologica of Milan, a small exhibition News from Vienna on “Gli Etruschi a nord del Po: Le fasi di età by Luciana Aigner-Foresti arcaica dell’abitato del Forcello di Bagnolo San Vito” (1/20 – 3/30/04) was organized by The Academy of Sciences of Vienna Raffaelle De Marinis, Prof. at the Univ. of (Oesterreiches Akademie der Wissenschaften) Milan and excavator of the site. has been very supportive of the activities of Excavations at Forcello di Bagnolo San the Vienna Section of the Istituto di Studi Vito near Mantova have now been continu- Etruschi. They have officially commissioned ing for more than 20 years, and results have from Luciana Aigner-Foresti a study on the already been presented in a larger exhibition civilian, military, and religious institutions in of the same name in 1986 in Mantova. This the Etruscan political community (with partic- settlement north of the Po river was populat- ular consideration of parallels and differences ed by Etruscans from about 550/40 to 380 within the ancient Italic and Mediterranean B.C. The recent exhibition in Milan docu- areas.) The manuscript will be ready for pub- mented mainly the oldest phases of the set- lication at the end of 2005. tlement and showed, among other things, Dr. Petra Amann, who presently holds the several Etruscan inscriptions and many post of Researcher at the University, has com- Greek transport amphorae and imported pleted her study of political and cultural rela- Answers on page 20 tions between Etruscans and Umbrians. Page 3 [continued on next page] by Dieter Mertens, the director of the On February 20, 2004, Francesco During the last months of 2003, two excit- German Archaeological Institute in Rome. It Roncalli presented at Orvieto the Atti del I ing discoveries of painted chamber tombs ars, dealt with history, epigraphy, history of is edited by the Etruscologist Giuseppe della Corso di Perfezionamento (Anno accademi- occurred, one in Etruria at Sarteano, and the research, topography and art in Etruscan and Fina, the director of the Museo Faina in co 2002-2003) of the Scuola di Etruscologia other in Apulia at Arpi. The Sarteano tomb Roman Perugia. One week later (February Orvieto. Its title is Archaeologiae – e Archeologia dell’Italia Antica; this was with its impressive demons and monsters 13–14) the University of Louvain-la-Neuve Research by Foreign Missions in Italy. The organized and sponsored by the Fondazione dates from the second half of the 4th centu- organized, under the leadership of Paul main aim of the new journal, published per il Centro Studi “Città di Orvieto” and the ry B.C. and can be attributed perhaps to a Fontaine, a congress on “L’Etrurie et twice the year, is to present excavations, top- Fondazione per il Museo “Claudio Faina” workshop from Orvieto. It was recently pre- l’Ombrie avant Rome: Cité & territoire.” ographical surveys, materials from archives and entitled Italia Antiqua – La formazione sented in an article by Giuseppe della Fina Scholars from Belgium, France (D. and other kinds of researches by foreign (not della città in Etruria. This volume includes in Archeo 3 (2004) 32sq. and is discussed Briquel), Germany (F. Prayon), Great Italian) scholars and teams in Italy studying a selection of the best contributions from the elsewhere in this issue. The tomb in Daunian Britain (P. Perkins, S. Stoddart) and Italy (L. prehistoric through medieval archaeology. participants of the course. Arpi, excavated and briefly presented in Donati, A. Maggiani, A. Naso, M. On April 4, 2004, a new volume on Among the lectures of a more “exotic” Archeo 1 (2004) 13 by Marina Mazzei, dates Pacciarelli, M. Torelli) discussed problems ancient Orvieto, Storia di Orvieto I – character, one can mention “Greeks, from the late 4th century B.C. and is charac- concerning the process of urbanization in Antichità, was presented at the Museo Faina Etruscans and Romans in Japan – Museums, terized by a painted façade. The figural Etruria and Umbria and the relation between in Orvieto; it is the starting point of a series collections and researches concerning scene shows a flying Nike crowning a victo- city and territory. of four volumes on the history and monu- ancient Mediterranean cultures in the land of rious horseman, who is the tomb owner, and A new archaeological journal focusing on ments of Orvieto from prehistory until the the Samurai,” by Stephan Steingräber on a fallen defeated soldier on the ground. The Etruscan and Italic cultures was inaugurated 20th century. The voluminous and richly February 8, 2004 in the Ashmolean Museum iconography and the reddish undercoat are on February 8, 2004 in the American illustrated volume of contributions by the at Oxford. This event was sponsored by the very reminiscent of the contemporaneous Academy of Rome by Giovanni Pugliese most famous Italian scholars was presented Nissan Foundation and attended by an inter- polychrome vases of Arpi with historicizing Carratelli of the Academia dei Lincei, and by Stephan Steingräber and Archer Martin. national audience. representations. Report from the Tübingen Section

by Friedhelm Prayon

The two most noteworthy activities of the Tübingen Section at the moment are the fol- lowing: 1. The excavation of the Etruscan site of Castellina del Marangone near Civitavecchia, conducted by the Istituto di Archeologia Classica dell’Università di Tübingen under the direction of Friedhelm Prayon, in collabora- tion with the CRNS of Paris under the direc- tion of Jean Gran Aymerich (1995-99), and with the participation of the University of Louvain la Neuve under the direction of Paul Fontaine (2000-2001), was concluded in 2002. We have been able to understand the occupation of the site from the Middle Bronze Age to the Mediaeval Period, with an Etruscan presence from the 8th to the 3rd cen- turies B.C. The Etruscan finds include official Report from the one on black-figured ceramics of non-Attic In the meantime, work is progressing on buildings, such as a possible Regia, with Vatican production and the other on Attic Red Figure the editing of the monograph Il materiale architectural terracottas, in the center of the ceramics. protostorico by A. Mandolesi, with contri- settlement (the acropolis structures date from As was announced in the previous issue, butions by various scholars, for the series of the 6th to the 4th centuries B.C.), and habita- by Maurizio Sannibale the two volumes on the “minor” tombs in the catalogues of the Museo Gregoriano tions, including private houses, on the slopes. Sorbo cemetery at Cerveteri are now avail- Etrusco. On the occasion of this study the Interesting are the surrounding walls, con- The recent activity of the Museo able. These present important news and rein- Museo Gregoriano Etrusco reunited the structed around 300 B.C., evidently for the Gregoriano Etrusco has concentrated on the terpretations of materials that were last pub- important nucleus of Villanovan finds exca- defense of the Caeretan territory against study of its own collections. Coordinated by lished in the monograph of L. Pareti in 1947. vated at the end of the 18th c. in the necrop- Rome. Under this wall were found traces of the Direzione del Reparto Antichità Etrusco- The volumes published in 2003 are: M. olis of Vulci-Casal di Lanza, by transferring defenses dating back as far as the 7th c. A Italiche dei Musei Vaticani, a program of Cascianelli, La Tomba Giulimondi di to it the bronze finds, which had been kept monumental capital in peperino and architec- cataloguing and final study has produced the Cerveteri; and F. Sciacca and L. Di Blasi, La separately in the Museo Profano of the tural terracottas from the 5th and 3rd centuries systematic publication of the Mario Astarita tomba Calabresi e la tomba del Tripode di Library. B.C. indicate the existence of at least two collection, which is displayed in Sala XX of Cerveteri. In the latter is also a contribution The Museo Gregoriano Etrusco partici- sanctuaries at the site, but their exact position the Museo Gregoriano Etrusco. This is a by M. Sannibale, “Nota sulle indagini scien- pated, by lending works and editing texts, in is not possible to verify. At the moment the prestigious collection of ancient figured tifiche e sui restauri,” which synthesizes the the following exhibits: German and French teams are preparing to vases and of other ancient objects generous- last acquisitions on the technical data in El Teatro Romano. La Puesto en Escena, publish the results of the research in separate ly donated to the Vatican in 1967 and 1968 relation to the historical-archaeological exhibit catalogue: Zaragoza, Mérida, volumes (see Römische Mitteilungen 1999). by the collector and connoisseur, a friend of problems addressed in the volume. Córdoba 2003 (Zaragoza 2003) 2. Bettina von Freitag and Friedhelm Sir John D. Beazley, with whom the study of Recently published, through a collabora- L’acqua degli Dei. Immagini di fontane, Prayon are now preparing, in the museum of the collection began. After a gap of about 20 tion between the Vatican Museums and the vasellame, culti salutari e in grotta, cata- the Schloss Hohentübingen, an archaeological years, the volume by M. Iozzo, La FMR publishing house in Milan, is the logue of the exhibit: Chianciano Terme 2003 exhibit on the theme “Representations of the Collezione Astarita nel Museo Gregoriano monograph by Francesco Buranelli and (Montepulciano 2003) Hereafter and Ancestor Worship in Etruria,” Etrusco, II,I. La ceramica attica a figure Maurizio Sannibale, Vaticano. Museo Sea Routes... From Sidon to Huelva. with original Etruscan objects as well as mod- nere (Città del Vaticano 2002) has been pub- Gregoriano Etrusco, which presents, in Interconnections in the Mediterranean 16th els that we are making. Included will be: the lished. At the present time, with the collabo- prestigious editorial garb, a representative - 6th c. B.C.: Museum of Cycladic Art, Tomb of the Reliefs, the Tomb of the Five ration of a group of scholars (Mario Iozzo, selection of the works of the collection, Athens 2003 Chairs, and Tumulus II of Cerveteri, a 1:1 Jasper Gaunt, Aaron J. Paul, Giulia Rocco) accompanied by introductory chapters on Pisa e il Mediterraneo. Uomini, merci, copy of the François Tomb, and the Tomb of two volumes are being prepared that are the history of the museum and on Etruscan idee dagli Etruschi ai Medici, catalogue of the Augurs. The exhibit, planned for the much awaited by the scientific community, civilization in general. the show: Pisa 2003, by M. Tangheroni. spring of 2006, will then be shown in Würzburg. Page 4 Excavation News

New Tomb Discovered at Composite image of new Sarteano tomb painting by Alessandra Minetti discovered at translated by Jane K. Whitehead Sarteano (M. Iozzo) In October of 2003, the excavations which every year the Museo Civico of Sarteano con- ducts in the various necropoleis of the region, and which since 2000 were concentrated in the Pianacce necropolis, yielded a great sur- prise. As one enters the long corridor that opens behind the tomb’s central chamber, which is reached at the end of the exterior dro- mos cut 20 meters into the travertine, an unex- pected spectacle appears on the left side: the whole wall is frescoed with figures in very lively colors. This discovery comes 20 years after the last great Etruscan painting discovery: that of the Tomb of the Blue Demons in Tarquinia. The Sarteano find is exceptional for the unique- to Hades is symbolized by a painted Doric monsters that the Etruscans believed populat- ness of the painted scenes, which bear little doorway that frames a niche. On the other side ed innermost Hades. The hippocamp on the Crustumerium relationship to the typical themes in Etruscan of this niche is the usual banquet scene, clear- rear pediment also, although it is a common wall painting from the second half of the 4th ly set in Hades, with two male characters element in wall painting, has exceptional Professor Richard De Puma, University century B.C., to which the tomb can be dated. reclining on a couch and expressing an dimensions and accentuates the treatment of of Iowa, reports that excavations at Especially remarkable is the figure of a extraordinary and unique gesture of affection. the rear chamber as a recess in the world Crustumerium, the archaic Latin site just demon driving a chariot drawn by two lions This is probably a father and son rather than a beyond the tomb. Under the pediment lies the north of Rome, will continue in September and two griffins; these are heading towards homosexual couple, but in any case the ges- imposing gray alabaster sarcophagus with the and October 2004. It is hoped that excava- the exterior of the tomb after having dropped ture is without parallel in Etruscan wall paint- deceased reclining on the lid, the final resting tions of the Monte del Bufalo Necropolis off the deceased at the edge of Hades. The ing, even though it calls to mind the couple on place of the tomb owner. will reveal more 8th and 7th century inhu- quadriga and a demon with these characteris- the northern slab of the Tomb of the Diver at The tomb is now being restored by the mations. Thus far, more than 120 tombs tics are not found on any other wall or ceram- Paestum. Beside the couple on the couch Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della have been explored at the site, although sev- ic depiction, although their general concep- stands the figure of a servant holding a colum Toscana, which also controls the excavation eral have been damaged by tombaroli, espe- tion and certain details of their rendering find for filtering wine. He should be read as partic- activities under the administration of the cially during the 1980s. At the moment, the direct parallels in some ceramics from ipating in the banquet, and he calls to mind the Museo Civico Archeologico di Sarteano. contents of Tomb 113, the impressive burial Orvieto, in particular those of the Vanth group young men of the Golini I Tomb at Orvieto. These have been carried out by volunteers of a wealthy woman of ca. 650 B.C., are on and some found in the Settecamini necropolis. Then after a lacuna caused by the destruction from the Gruppo Archeologico Etruria with display in the Museo Archeologico of a corner of the tomb by owners in the financing from the Amministrazione Territoriale in Monterotondo. An accurate The demon is probably an innovative ver- Mediaeval period, one enters the rear chamber Comunale di Sarteano, granted the concession archaeological model of this tomb is being sion of Charun, the psychopomp of the where, again on the left, is depicted a large to excavate by the Ministero per i Beni e le prepared for exhibition at the museum. Etruscan funerary imagination. The entrance serpent with three heads, a symbol of the Attività Culturali.

Excavations at Cerveteri and Southern Etruria. deliberately leaves some questions open. A The work has revealed some important new The urban area of Cerveteri was fully inves- new chapter of this Caeretan study is begin- by Vincenzo Bellelli data; the best preserved structures are part of tigated from 1983 to 1989 by the late profes- ning: the new goals of the excavators are to (CNR, ISCIMA-Rome) the Roman building, which probably had sor Mauro Cristofani and his collaborators. complete the previous excavator’s work and to more than one phase. It seems that what was The area chosen for excavation was the Vigna gather new information on the history, topog- Like a modern phoenix, the new Istituto di previously thought to be a hypaethral building Parrocchiale – the parish vineyard – a true raphy and architecture of the area. Studi sulle Civiltà Italiche e del Mediterraneo had actually once had a roof. Is this the treasure for the clandestine excavators who Clarifying the nature of the elliptical build- Antico (ISCIMA) rises again from the ashes Augustan basilica? The hypothesis deserves have been sacking the area for one hundred ing was the first task of the new cycle of of two glorious institutes of the National further study. years or more. Thanks to the regular archaeo- research (September-October 2003). It was Research Council (CNR) founded by On the other hand, a series of regular cuts in logical activity carried out by Cristofani’s not far from here that ancient excavators Massimo Pallottino and Sabatino Moscati in the tufo have been brought to light all around team, the history of this part of Cerveteri’s found the extraordinary group of marble the early ‘70s: the Istituto per l’Archeologia the building: they could be identified as parts urban territory is now much clearer. A wide sculptures now in the Vatican Museums. From Etrusco-Italica and the Istituto di Studi sulla of an odd wooden Late Archaic structure sim- sector of the archaic city, probably including the Late Republic on, this monument was Civiltà Fenicio-Punica. This new research ilar to those represented in Tarquinia’s Tomba an urban “residence” decorated with architec- without a doubt part of the core of Roman organ, now directed by Francesco Roncalli, delle Bighe and the famous Chiusine cippus tural terracottas of the first Della Seta phase, Cerveteri, together with the theater, whose was created in 2002. now kept in Palermo, both displaying wooden was completely destroyed at the beginning of ruins are visible along the road separating the The scope of the new Institute is much glacis. the 5th c. B.C. to build a sanctuary. A monu- parish vineyard from the Vigna Marini- broader than that of its predecessors: the Not far from the elliptical building, we mental temple of the Tuscan order was built Vitalini. whole Mediterranean area. The ISCIMA has investigated a small area situated between upon the ruins of the archaic quarter, the What exactly was this enigmatic elliptical accepted a great challenge. In particular, Cristofani’s old excavations and the so-called debris of which was dumped into a big hollow building? Cristofani’s well-known theory was excavations are under way in Africa (Zama), sanctuary of Hera, which was explored almost cut in the tufo rock. Not far from the temple, that it was a public building for athletic and in Sardinia (S. Antioco/Sulcis), and of course 100 years ago by the pioneer of Caeretan the city authorities had an enormous elliptical theatrical performances. Its position next to in continental Italy. Here attention has focused archaeology, the engineer Raniero Mengarelli. building constructed that would have survived the theater would show its importance and on two important archaeological sites of cen- The results have been encouraging: there is an until the Roman period. civic function. According to the excavator, it tral Italy, both close to Rome, Etruscan intact sector of the ancient city, apparently The results of Cristofani’s excavations have was built at the same time as the temple. To Cerveteri and Sabine Colle del Forno, where destroyed in the Late Archaic period, which been fully published; the last task was the vol- confirm or to supersede this hypothesis has two CNR teams had already worked in coop- awaits excavation. ume Caere 4, published posthumously in been the objective of the first campaign of the eration with the Superintendencies of Latium The next campaign will be in the autumn of 2003. This book offers much information but new cycle of excavations directed by Roncalli. 2004. Page 5 Huge Etruscan Road rare in places that have later been continuous- ly inhabited,” Larissa Bonfante, professor of Discovered classics at New York University, told by Giulio Ciampoltrini Discovery News. She added that the newly translated by Larissa Bonfante excavated settlement would provide important information about an obscure period of The excavations financed by the ASCIT ancient history. “This is certainly an important Consortium, carried out in May and June 2004 discovery, quite aside from the possible iden- under the direction of the Soprintendenza per i Beni tification of Camars. The area surely owed its Archeologici of Tuscany, in collaboration with the success to its location on the River Bisenzio UNESCO Forum, Lucca Section, brought to light and the route northward to the rich Po Valley in the area “Casa del Lupo” (Comune di Capannori, and beyond. It can tell us a great deal about Lucca) an impressive extraurban Etruscan road of patterns of settlement and fortification,” the sixth or fifth century B.C. We know that from Bonfante said. the seventh century A.D. through the mid-nine- Where is Camars? In an area near the east- teenth century, when the area was drained, the low- ern flanks of the city walls is a rural area lying land east of Lucca was covered by a lake, known as Chiuso, which Centauro believes is known as the Lago di Sesto or Lago di Bientina, Clusium, a settlement within Camars that was whose size varied. As early as the sixteenth century attacked and besieged by the Roman general one could see, under its clear waters, conspicuous Sulla in 89 B.C. If Centauro is correct, this ruins which the local scholars identified as the could bear out Pliny’s clue and could mean remains of a legendary city of Sextum. Modern the tomb of Lars Porsenna could finally be archaeological research has shown that they were discovered. Possible central market place, paved Pliny the Elder wrote that Porsenna’s body actually remains of rural settlements of Roman Fabled Etruscan Kingdom with flat white stones (Photo: R. Lorenzi) times, so plentiful that the area was called “The Emerging? was buried “sub urbe Clusio” (under the city Plain of the 100 Farms.” of Clusium) with hanging chains and bells But no one could have imagined that a heavy by Rossella Lorenzi “which played when the wind moved them.” blanket of alluvial sediment could also hide an edited and reprinted from Discovery News Etruscan highway of around 500 B.C., the first to come to the surface in Tuscany, and perhaps the April 21, 2004: The fabled kingdom of the most important one ever found in Italy because of Etruscan king Lars Porsenna is coming to its early date and its excellent condition. It was light in the Tuscan hills near Florence, accord- revealed in the course of backfilling the exploratory ing to an Italian university professor. trenches opened in 1997 at Casa del Lupo Known as Camars, where the lucumo (Capannori), an area that had been designated a pro- (king) Porsenna reigned in the 6th century tected archaeological/landscape site after the dis- B.C., this was a leading city-state of the covery of a series of canals dating from the Roman Etruscan civilization that dominated much of and Mediaeval periods. After only a few days the Italy before the emergence of Rome. It was archaeologists of the ASCIT Consorium who had from there that Porsenna is said to have been sent to backfill and preserve those ancient launched his most successful attack upon canals realized that below the earth of Casa del Rome in order to restore the exiled Tarquinius Lupo lay hidden even more important discoveries. Superbus to the throne. Porsenna laid siege to The archaeologists in charge dug three large the city, but accepted a peace settlement and trenches 100 meters apart. These revealed a sizable withdrew. section of a late Archaic Etruscan road, constructed If confirmed, the discovery could help shed with a sandstone surface, below which was laid a new light on one of Europe’s most mysterious foundation of river pebbles and gravel, with no mor- people. It would also raise the possibility of tar. For a number of reasons, this is an extraordinary locating the fabulous tomb of the Etruscan discovery. The Etruscan road, which runs near and king. Porsenna’s tomb was said by the histori- practically parallel to the highway between an Pliny the Elder to consist of a labyrinth 300 feet square with pyramids on top. According Defensive walls 10 feet thick emerge from the vegetation for 700 meters around Florence and the shore, is seven meters wide. It is in what an Italian researcher believes is the site of Camars. (Photo: R. Lorenzi) very good condition, so that we can see clearly not to legend, it was adorned with a golden car- only the phases of construction, but also the ruts riage, 12 golden horses, a golden hen and ered in Tuscany.” Dating from the 5th century Regional officials have so far denied any made 2500 years ago by various chariot wheels. It 5,000 golden chicks. B.C., the settlement was built on the banks of requests to excavate the area, mainly occupied runs in an east-west direction for almost 200 meters, “Apart from legend, I believe Camars has at the Bisenzio river, just outside what Centauro by privately owned estates. “Our role is to pre- and it will be easy to follow its course for several last been found. This was the biggest Italian claims to have been Camars’ defensive walls. serve, first of all,” Angelo Bottini, Tuscany’s kilometers through an area that is fortunately not city before Rome and it represents the entire “The city was certainly abandoned. One superintendent of archaeology, told Discovery built up.. At the present time it looks as though the Etruscan civilization from the very beginning hypothesis is that it was flooded by the river News. “Personally, I do not believe in section of this road found at Casa del Lupo, near to its decadence,” Giuseppe Centauro, a pro- Bisenzio,” Gabriella Poggesi, the archaeolo- Centauro’s hypothesis. But archaeology is not Lucca, is part of the Etruscan road system that ran fessor of urban restoration at Florence gist in charge of the excavation, told an exact science and we are open to proposals. from the Tyrrhenian to the Adriatic coast. Such a University who has also worked on restoration Discovery News. Drawing a line between the For example, we will have no problem in road was in fact mentioned by the fourth-century projects in Pompeii, told Discovery News. discovery of the city near the Bisenzio river authorizing an American university led by B.C. geographer, Skylax: it connected Pisa on the Centauro believes Camars is set between and the possibility of finding Camars, Poggesi respected researchers to excavate that area,” Tyrrhenian coast with the city of Spina on the Prato’s Calvana mountains and Florence’s did not want to comment on Centauro’s Bottini said. Adriatic by way of Marzabotto and Bologna. Mount Morello, in a remote countryside hypothesis. Many experts dispute that the ruins discov- which was once used by Sardinian crime Centauro and a team of experts have been ered by Centauro are those of Camars, believ- gangs to hide the victims of their kidnappings. detailing all of the finds in the area around the ing that the ancient city was instead located in Indeed, the large area has already yielded newly discovered city. He believes the settle- what is now Chiusi, southwest of Florence. important findings. ment so far found is merely one of several Centauro insists they are wrong. “Camars and Two centuries ago, workers building a within the walls of Camars. His team has Clusium have often been mistaken with mod- house unearthed the most precious find that already discovered that stone walls encircle an ern Chiusi because of the similarities in the the area has produced so far, a bronze statuette area of seven square miles. Within this area, names,” he said. “That’s why until now of a young man dating from about 500-480 there are various tombs, extensive house foun- nobody has found it.” B.C., which is now at the British Museum. dations, and a sophisticated water system of To view this and more photographs of the More recently, workmen excavating foun- canals and artificial basins. site on the Internet go to: http://dsc.discov- dations for a goods yard came across the In one stretch, defensive walls 10 feet thick ery.com/news/briefs/20040419/chamars.html remains of what archaeologists, announcing emerge from the vegetation for 700 yards. Newly discovered Etruscan road, 7 the discovery last week, called “one of the “The walls look well preserved. We can hope meters wide, near Lucca. most complete Etruscan cities to be discov- to find more evidence of habitation sites, so Page 6 New Research at Carsulae l’istesso colore sono le figure, o mostri mari- ni tratteggiati con linee bianche.” No trace of 2004 the figures or of any pattern can be detected in by Jane K. Whitehead N the scatter, however. The contrast between the pink and the white would have been very sub- For the first time in over three decades, the tle, and no doubt very calming; one wonders Roman baths at Carsulae now see the light of about the significance of the colors, which day. The Roman city of Carsulae was founded occur also on the facing of the twin temples of in the late 3rd c. B.C. when the via Flaminia the forum, and whether they might be associ- was constructed through Umbria, and its ated with Castor and Pollux and might thus course attracted the native Umbrians down symbolize healing. from their mountaintop settlements. In the The disruption and displacement of several beginning of July 2004, the Associazione per features may support the theory that the baths la Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Culturale San were destroyed by an earthquake.6 One large Gemini hired a tractor to clear away 30 years slab of cocciopesto floor appears tilted slight- of dense, destructive vegetation and to expose ly upward from horizontal, and several the site as it had been left by the last excava- stretches of wall are out of position and top- tor, Umberto Ciotti, in 1972. pling over. In his capacity as Soprintendente ai Beni Against the cliff face that closes the north- Archeologici Umbri, Ciotti excavated at ern side of the area of the baths and cuts it off Carsulae from 1951 to 1972, with some inter- from the rest of Carsulae, the dumps from vals. Assisted by the great architect Italo Ciotti’s excavation came to light. These hold Gismondi, he opened, consolidated, and much information. Ceramic finds were restored the monumental core of the city. His dumped in one area, stone in another. The researches in the area of the baths, however, ceramic dump yielded many box-shaped, hol- Top: Plan of which lie at the southern entrance to the city low terracotta tubes, which originally lined Carsulae. well below and away from the center, appear the walls of the bath’s heated rooms and The baths to have been brief and his publication of them served to convey hot air up the walls. Even are the scanty. He exposed one apsidal room, which more alarmingly for the loss of context, the southern- crete to allow further exploration of the wall his plan shows to be linked by an angular line stone dump consisted of hundreds of facing most struc- this season. of long walls to a cistern near the Via stones from an opus reticulatum wall. The Flaminia. Unfortunately, we do not have ture at the Several architectural elements emerged site. (Plan: which were not mentioned by any of the pre- location of that wall may never be known. Ciotti’s excavation notes, or any scientific Prof. Whitehead hopes to begin excavation information beyond his limited remarks, Ciotti) vious excavators or cataloguers of finds from Left: Plans of Carsulae. A large slab from a limestone arch of the baths in the summer of 2005. Certainly e.g.”Un saggio eseguito nei primi anni degli many mysteries remain to be solved about the scavi statali ha rimesso in luce il pavimento in the bath lies outside the apse to the SW. Slots, drilled complex into its upper surface for pouring molten lead structure itself: architectural, chronological, mosaico di un ambiente terminante con una functional. Though structurally typical, these nicchia ed alcune suspensurae, ma l’esplo- excavated by to hold the element in place, indicate that we U. Ciotti at are seeing the back of the slab. The underside were not ordinary baths. They are situated razione non è stata più ripresa in questa parte away from the center of the city and thus sym- 1 Carsulae. (thus, the front) appears to be carved: perhaps della città.” bolically removed from the daily life of the Furthermore, the remains that Ciotti found (after Ciotti) this is where the “bassorilievo di animali...” inhabitants. They are located at a point of pas- had already been exposed, at least in part, by described by Milj was seen. A base molding sage, and they lie above, and are closer than earlier excavators and, sad to say, scavengers. set in the stakes for the north-south and east- of peperino, cut flat on one side to rest against any other building at Carsulae to, the source For centuries the site had been a rich source of west axes of the grid, they found that the posi- a wall or to elaborate the base of a door 5 of the curative waters of San Gemini. One is marble architectural and sculptural elements tion of their main datum point was only 20 jamb, lies beside the arch slab. A limestone reminded of the bath complex at Chianciano for the random taking, and traces can be found cm. from a slab of concrete that had once held block carved with a small frieze suggestive of Terme. The real importance of the baths may liberally immured into the churches of the a wooden stake; they believe that this was triglyphs and metopes lies just inside the lie in the way they reveal the character of surrounding towns. The Cesi family of Ciotti’s datum point, from which he measured curve of the apse. In the area of this block Carsulae itself. Acquasparta sought works to adorn their the depths and location of his excavated finds. were found several thin slabs of a light gray palace in the 16th century. Documentation of As the remnants of the thick vegetation marble, perhaps from the facing of the walls. the extant sculptural and architectural remains were carefully cleaned away, the location of Just outside the curve to the north and resting 1. U. Ciotti, Carsulae e San Gemini (Rome from Carsulae did not begin until the 17th Ciotti’s trenches became evident, though against the mound of decaying concrete that 1976) 42. On the baths see also idem, century.2 The first systematic excavation of much eroded by the action of roots and ani- may mark the exterior face of the apse, “Carsulae, near San Gemini (Umbria, Terni),” the site took place in 1783, when Pope Pius VI mals that had lived among them. Careful emerged a part of an unfluted limestone col- FA VIII (1956) 266; A. Morigi, Carsulae: authorized Count Sebastiano Graziani of sweeping revealed the apse, extending from umn, about 86 cm. high. Topografia e Monumenti, Atlante Tematico Terni to open three areas, one of which was the NW end of a rectangular room. It is of Within the apse and in the northeastern end di Topografia Antica, III Supplemento (1997) that of the baths, where figured mosaics in red brick-faced concrete construction, although of the rectangular room, numerous holes or 31-32; P. Bruschetti, Carsulae (Rome 1995) and white marble had already been found.3 In only the interior line of brick facing is pre- pits occur. It is difficult to know whether these 31. 1800, after those excavations had been com- served on the surface for most of its arc. The were made by animals, by human scavengers pleted, E.A. Milj published a catalogue of the bricks are triangular in shape, and are stacked for antiquities, or by the state-sanctioned 2. For discussion of these, see Morigi, 15, visible remains at Carsulae. He speaks of the so that their points face into the concrete core. excavators. In places, however, they reveal and Ciotti 1976, 13-14. baths: “vestigia dei pubblici bagni abbastan- As the plans of the earlier excavation show, crucial features. One cuts through a coc- za magnifici, tassellati a mosaico di fino the apse appears broken in the middle. This ciopesto floor to reveal the hollow beneath 3. Ciotti 1976, 12 and n. 12. marmo a più colori, e con figure a bassorilie- cannot be explored further until some means and the brick curve of the apse. Another vo di animali quadrupedi, acquatici e volatili; is found to consolidate the position of bricks exposes one of the brick suspensurae of the 4. E. A. Milj, Carsuli rediviva, ovvero ed in cui erano guidate le acque con tubi, within the concrete, which has been reduced hypocaust. storiche ricerche intorno all’antichissima canali di piombo in uno dei quali dissotterra- to powder. It is clear that the entire area of the apse and città di Carsuli nell’Umbria; Opera illustrata to anni or sono, vi si leggeva F. Elius Cresces. The brick-faced concrete construction was the rectangular room was paved with coc- con alcune note e dedicata all’eccelso Merito Fec.”4 used in other walls of the structure, but not all ciopesto floors, and that, in the rectangular degli Illustratissimi e Reverendissimi Signori After the clearing of the bath area in July with the same shape or positioning of the fac- room, at least, these were covered by mosaics. Uditori della Sacra Rota Romana. Aggiunta 2004, a group of American students under the ing bricks. Another wall is of opus reticula- One mosaic surface has been consolidated in in fine un’Indice Diplomatico (Macerata direction of Prof. Jane K. Whitehead of tum, concrete faced with tapered, lozenge- concrete since its excavation. Hundreds of 1800) 5. Valdosta State University (Georgia) studied shaped stones, an earlier type of construction tesserae were found scattered all about the and documented the condition of the existing that evokes the Augustan period. What NW end of the building. These are of white 5. See I. Gismondi’s 1959 reconstruction features. They began by using a total station to appears to be an even earlier construction, and delicate pink marbles, and thus may be drawing of the particolare delle fiancate delle create a relief plan of the area of the baths and opus incertum, may have been used for a wall from the mosaic described by Conte Graziani scale of the forum temples: Ciotti 1976, 29. to integrate that into Ciotti’s published relief at another point where the roots were still too in a letter to Cardinal Carrara in 1783: “Il plan of the main part of Carsulae. When they thick and too embedded in the delicate con- fondo di questo mosaico è tutto bianco, inter- 6. Ciotti 1976, 22; Morigi, 29 and n. 63. rotto bensì da alcune piccole linee rosse; del- Page 7 Reviews

by Larissa Bonfante centuries (26). It is the first comprehensive stimulating view of the relation between the Karouzou, Gisela Maria Augusta Richter, and presentation of bucchero from this site, one of reality of the life of Athenian women and their Luisa Banti. Our readers will be particularly the few non-funerary Etruscan sites to have representation on Attic vases. interested in Luisa Banti, who held the chair Book Reviews been excavated. It is also one of the few typo- of Etruscan Studies in her native Florence, logical examinations of pottery from northern Aphrodite’s Tortoise. The Veiled Woman in and was at the same time an eminent Minoan Gli Etruschi. Storia e civiltà, by Etruria, and so belongs on our bookshelves Ancient Greece, by Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones. scholar, who carried on the work of Luigi Giovannangelo Camporeale. Second edition. alongside Tom Rasmussen’s basic bucchero Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales, 2003. Pernier. Turin: UTET, 2004. Pages 607, 93 line draw- study, Bucchero Pottery from Southern Distributed in the US by the David Brown Breaking Ground. Pioneering Women ings in the text, 355 photographs at the end. Etruria, Cambridge, 1979. Company, Oakdale, CT. Euros 47. Rarely does a book on a classical topic Archaeologists, edited by Getzel M. Cohen Only four years after the first edition, 2000 Pittura Etrusca. Problemi e Prospettive. strike on such a timely subject, given the and Martha Sharp Joukowsky. Ann Arbor, MI: (see Etruscan News 2), this new edition Atti del Convegno. Sarteano, Chiusi, October recent law banning the veil — and other visi- The University of Michigan Press, 2004. appears with updated text and bibliography 2001. Edited by Alessandra Minetti. Siena, ble religious symbols – from French schools, “Breaking Ground presents twelve fascinat- (to 2003!). A brief preface lists the impressive 2003. and the related ongoing discussion about the ing women whose contributions to the devel- number of exhibits that have taken place since Mario Iozzo, Director of the significance of the veil for Islamic women. opment and progress of Old World archaeolo- the first edition appeared, attesting to the Archaeological Museum of Chiusi, presents The author, who organized a well-attended, gy – in an area ranging from Italy to activity of Etruscan scholars as well as the the volume. Contributions cover a variety of highly successful conference on Ancient Mesopotamia – have been immeasurable.” interest of the public. This book, with its gen- aspects of Etruscan painting, issues of conser- Dress in 2002, maintains that the veiling of Jane Dieulafoy, chronologically the first erous, informative complement of drawings, vation, the significance of the Tomba the female head or face was part of a male ide- woman archaeologist in the book, excavated unglamorous but very serviceable black and François, implications of the geographical ology that required women to be silent and the palace of Xerxes at Susa with her husband white photographs, a clear, straightforward area of internal Etruria. A particular surprise invisible creatures. Like a mute tortoise, she Marcel in 1884-86: this was the first great text and truly remarkable bibliography by the is afforded by the paintings in the Tomb of the had the liberty to wander about underneath archaeological expedition at Susa. The biog- current President of the Istituto di Studi Hescana, discovered near Orvieto in 1883, her all-covering shell, taking her house with raphy, by Eve Gran-Aymerich, of this strong- Etruschi, Professor of Etruscologia at the and restored in 1995 according to the faithful her, as it were. Furthermore, he claims that willed woman who took part in the war with University of Florence, is a bargain at Euros drawings made by D. Cardella in 1893. Here there has been a conspiracy of silence among Prussia along with the men, dressed in the 47, affording a knowledgeable, complete cov- the brilliantly colored restored paintings show scholars, for classical scholarship would have men’s clothes she eventually wore regularly erage of every aspect and area of Etruscan a group of previously illegible figures, includ- to admit the similarity to “contemporary veil as a symbol of equality, makes fascinating life, customs and beliefs, from human sacri- ing two men kissing. A similar scene appears societies, especially those of the Arab world”. reading. So does the beautifully written life of fice (138) to foods and banquets (177-191), on a mirror in the British Museum, in which Acknowledging that Greek women were Esther Van Deman, by Katherine Welch, who from Etruscan Campania to the Po valley. two female figures, Thanr and Alpnu, are veiled and that Greek males had an ideology brings out the atmosphere of the Italy in the shown kissing passionately in the presence of of female veiling opens up the danger that the first part of the twentieth century and Van Die Etrusker und das frühe Rom, by two other women (A. Rallo, ed., Le donne in Greeks themselves should be classed as the Deman’s years at the American Academy in Luciana Aigner-Foresti. Geschichte Kompact: Etruria, Rome, 1989, fig. LXXVI). “Other.” He brings a great deal of interesting Rome, where she carried out her remarkable Antike. Darmstadt, Wissenschaftliche material to bear, on dress, attitudes and artis- work on Roman construction and Roman Women in Antiquity and Women in Buchgesellschaft, 2003. tic renderings, as well as intriguing compar- aqueducts, technical, gritty subjects docu- A clear, well-organized, historically orient- Archaeology isons, all seen from an original point of view. mented with her crisp, evocative photographs. ed account of a subject of renewed interest, The Athenian Woman. An Iconographical There is a wonderful collection of images. A The other Pioneers included are Margaret the relationship between the Etruscans and Handbook, by Sian Lewis. London: number of arguments against his extreme Murray, Gertrude Bell, Harriet Boyd Hawes, early Rome. There are no pictures. The Routledge, 2002. views come to mind, such as the fact that Edith Hall Dohan, Hetty Goldman, Gertrude remarkably up to date bibliography (many There are many valuable observations in young boys were also veiled, and that in some Caton-Thompson, Dorothy Garrod, Winifred titles from 2003), has mostly German and this wonderful book, whose two closely relat- ways the flirtatious language of veiling could Lamb, Theresa Goell, and Kathleen Kenyon. Italian titles, but includes of course T.J. ed subjects are the status of women in Greece be compared to the language of the fan. But it Margaret Cool Root’s introduction, “Women Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome, London and the reception of Greek pottery. In taking a is an original and stimulating book on a very of the Field, Defining the Gendered 1995. less restricted look at the many possible inter- current subject. Experience,” mentions others, including the pretations of scenes with women on Greek wives of famous archaeologists who were not Etruskové, by Jan Bouzek. Acta vases than has been the case in other recent Itaca. Eroi, donne, potere tra vendetta e always given due credit. Universitatis Carolinae. Philosophica et studies, it takes up the many aspects of diritto, by Eva Cantarella. Campi del Sapere. In fact, the editors of what was originally Historica Monographia CLXI. Universita women’s existence in ancient Athens and Milan: Feltrinelli 2002. Euro 18. planned as a multi-author, multi-volume Karlova v Praze. Nakladatelství Karolinum, investigates the reasons for the choice of An eminent historian of ancient law takes series, Women in Archaeology. The Classical Prague, 2003. scenes on particular types of vases: why cer- the story of the Odyssey as a description of the Word and the Ancient Near East, made an A well organized, well illustrated textbook tain scenes are or are not represented on society, the culture, customs and beliefs of the excellent choice in deciding to include wives in Czech. A substantial summary in English, funerary vases. “Pottery… is probably not the Greek world of that time. A beautifully writ- of archaeologists, such as Maria Brendel. “The Etruscans: different from all other place to look for the expression of marital ten book, in which scholarship and imagina- Unfortunately this inclusiveness resulted in nations” (197-207), allows us to read this affection: pots present a particular and not tion serve to recreate the place where too many biographies and eventually meant scholar’s knowledgeable and original obser- very informative view of marriage, not unlike Penelope and Telemachus waited for the that a drastic choice of these twelve was made vations on the Etruscans, their place in the the modern wedding photograph which has return of Odysseus, to which Odysseus by the publisher. It is to be hoped that this will Mediterranean, and their influence across the much to say about conspicuous consumption intended to go back against all odds, and for indeed be the first volume of many, according Alps. and little about the individuality of the partic- which he turned down offers of immortality to the original plan. For the moment, the other The Orientalizing Bucchero from the Lower ipants” (176). and a life of eternal ease. biographies can be found online: One of Lewis’s points is that the meaning Building at Poggio Civitate (Murlo), by Jon Archeologia al femminile. Il cammino delle www.brown.edu/breakingground. of the iconography on Athenian vases is not a Berkin. Monographs New Series, Number 6. donne nella disciplina archeologica attraver- photographic record of daily life, but can vary Archaeological Institute of America. so le figure di otto archeologhe classiche vis- Exhibit Catalogues with the function of the vase and the point of Published by The University of Pennsylvania sute dalla metà dell’Ottocento ad oggi, by Die Etrusker. Luxus für das Jenseits. Bilder view of its owner. According to her the owner Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Laura Nicotra. Rome, L’Erma di vom Diesseits – Bilder vom Tod, Essays and was, as often as not, an Etruscan. Concerning Philadelphia, PA 2003. Hardback. US$45.00. Bretschneider 2004. catalogue by Bernard Andreae, Andreas such an Etruscan viewpoint, Liz James asks, Excavations at the Etruscan site of Poggio The eight women archaeologists included Hoffmann, and Cornelia Weber-Lehmann, in a perceptive review (Antiquity 78, No. Civitate (Murlo) have produced some of the in this beautifully organized, well-produced, with contributions by Francesco Buranelli and 3000, June 2004, 450-452), “If some of these most spectacular and provocative material informative volume range in date from the Friedhelm Prayon. Munich, Hirmer Verlag, vases were, as Lewis argues, an idealised por- recovered from Etruria. This volume presents aristocratic Ersilia Caetani Lovatelli (1840- 2004. trait for Etruscan viewers, then what are the the reconstruction and study of a large assem- 1925) to Alessandra Melucco Vaccaro (1940- Etruscan ideals and mores they conform to?” blage of bucchero pottery recovered from the 2000). The other six are Esther Boise Van Etruscan Treasures from the Cini-Alliata But this is in fact a minor point considering Lower Building dating mostly from the last Deman, Kathleen Mary Kenyon, Raissa Collection, Francesco Buranelli, Maurizio the scope of the book and its wide-ranging, quarter of the 7th and first quarter of the 6th Gourevitch Calza, Semni Papaspiridi [continued on next page] Page 8 [continued from previous page] The whole represents a formidable attack on These deal with early Greek vases in the umes: I. Poetry; II. Prose and linguistics, Sannibale, eds. Rome: Crisalide 2004. our traditional positions and an exhilarating Greek colonies in South Italy and Sicily, and Medicine; III. History and epigraphy, Law; The lavishly illustrated catalogue on the insight into the world of ancient art.” Mail to: their possible influence in Etruria; sixth-cen- IV. Archaeology and history of art, Religion; jewelry from the exhibit (see below), com- ([email protected]) tury Etruscan schools, including “ some of the V. Christianity and the Middle Ages, very finest of all Greek decorated vases, the Renaissance and the survival of Latin. Volume piled by Francesco Buranelli, Director Ancient Dress General of the Vatican Museums, and Caeretan hydriae, full of colour, verve and IV includes a bibliography of Carl Deroux. Of Brave Hearts: Men in Skirts, by Andrew Maurizio Sannibale, Director of the Gregorian considerable narrative ingenuity.” Also men- particular interest are contributions by F.-H. Bolton. (London, New York 2003) Etruscan Museum of the Vatican Museums, is tioned are Hellenistic Etruscan wares, and Massa Pairault on Vanth and the François Another imaginative exhibit at the a scholarly treasure on Etruscan and Roman vases made for export to Etruria, Tyrrhenian Tomb, and by Jean Gran-Aymerich on buc- Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Costume jewelry. Maurizio Sannibale is responsible for amphorae, Etruscan shapes copied by chero vases: did they substitute for more Institute is accompanied by Andrew Bolton’s the detailed entries on the pieces, a substantial Nikosthenes and other Attic potters. “That expensive wares or were they objects of wonderful catalogue. As in the case of the specialized bibliography, and a section on imported scenes might admit local interepre- value? Goddess exhibit, Harold Koda has organized a materials and techniques including the results tations and even generate a series of locally show that opens up questions of the history of of the latest research on granulation, an produced scenes does not imply that the mod- Archaeologiae. Research by Foreign costume and fashion as well as the history of Etruscan specialty. The restoration report is els were either deliberately painted or chosen, Missions in Italy 1. 2003. Pisa, Rome: Istituti art and of social interaction. It illuminates the by Fabiana Francescangeli. There follow sec- any more than that they were understood in Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali, 2003. way people look at each other, the relationship tions for the wider public visiting the exhibit: the same terms as those in which they were A new journal, edited by Giuseppe M. of men and women, of ethnic groups, of the a historical-archaeological note on Italy created… [Only] another series of late black Della Fina, intends to publish articles on the metropolis and the provinces, of the conven- before the Romans, a Time Line, Glossary, figure stamnoi (the Perizoma Group), not an work of foreign academies, institutes and tions adopted as specific symbols in certain and Suggestions for Further Reading in Etruscan shape but one which was sent to independent scholars in Italy. It is therefore places at certain times, and the ways their English. Etruria, show athletes in loincloths, which international in scope, an aspect reflected by meanings change in various times and places. was not a Greek habit at all, though Etruscan.” the Editorial Board, which includes such Unveiling Ancient Mysteries: Etruscan Looking at fashion in such a way helps us friends of the Etruscans as Francesco Greek Vase Painting. Form, Figure, and Treasures, runs from 1 June until 31 October understand unspoken assumptions of our own Buranelli, Françoise Gaultier, Archer Martin, Narrative. Treasures of the National 2004 at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art, present as well as of the past. Nigel Spivey, Andreas Steiner, and Stephan Archaeological Museum in Madrid. Meadows which is located on the campus of St. Steingräber. In this issue are articles by Eric Ancient Greek Costume. A Bibliography, Museum of Fine Arts, edited by P. Gregory Gregory’s University in Shawnee, Oklahoma, De Sena on the social and historical aspects of compiled by Linda Jones Roccos. Warden. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist 30 miles east of downtown Oklahoma City the commerce of olive oil in ancient Latium, Starting in 1975, a remarkably complete University Press 2004. and 90 miles southwest of Tulsa, Oklahoma. on the process of urbanization of Etruscan set- year by year record of the subject: This slender volume is very full of very Further information about the show can be tlements from 700 to 500 B.C. by Stephan http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/roccos/gre good things. A catalogue of forty-four vases found on the museum’s website at Steingräber, on epigraphical evidence for the ekcostume/ from the collection of the Archaeological www.mgmoa.org. gens Caelia in Tusculum and their relation to Museum in Madrid, the last four of which are The exhibit is reviewed elsewhere in this Costume et société dans l’Antiquité et le Praeneste and Rome. The publication of the Etruscan or Etruscan-related: the editor, issue by Elizabeth de Grummond. Haut Moyen Age. Textes réunis par François reading notes of the autodidact, phil-Etruscan Chausson et Hervé Inglebert. Textes, Images Gregory Warden, uses the word “Greek” in its Vinzenz Brinkmann, Raimund Wünsche, Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino, includ- et Monuments de l’Antiquité au Haut Moyen broadest sense. Each of the introductory Bunte Götter. Die Farbigkeit antiker Skulptur. ing photographs of his unpublished note- Age. Université Paris X, Nanterre. CNRS. essays takes a fresh, original look at an aspect Eine Ausstellung der Staatlichen books, by Alessandra Costantini and Paris, Editions Picard, 2003. of Greek vases. These include “Painters, Pots Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek München Christoph Hausmann, I found particularly fas- Ancient dress has finally attracted the atten- and Pictures,” by Karl Kilinski II: “the major- in Zusammenarbeit mit der Ny Carlsberg cinating for the glimpses it allows into the tion of a wider group of serious scholars, as ity of finer Athenian vases have been retrieved Glyptotek Kopenhagen und den Vatikanischen arguments and discussions of the “Etruscan well as of costume and fashion institutes. from Italy…” “Vases on Vases,” by Jenifer Museen, Rom. Second Printing. Munich: myth” in the years 1829-1830. At the end is a Thirteen contributions include an examination Neils, deals with self-advertisement in ancient Staatliche Antikensammlungen und useful bibliography of publications on exca- of Aegean dress and saffron in ritual, by vase painting, mise en abîme, using an art his- Glyptothek, 2004. vations carried out by foreign institutions, Caroline Zaitoun; Greek dress on terracotta torical term. Ann Steiner examines some Contributors: Hansgeorg Bankel; Hermann 1999-2002. figurines, by Violaine Jeammet; and details of “New approaches to Greek vases: repetition, Born; Ulrike Koch-Brinkmann and Richard Greek dress, in particular: buttons, funeral aesthetics, and meaning;” Sarah Peirce, Etruscan Studies. 8 (2001). The Journal of Posamentir; Elena Walter-Karydi; Paolo attire, and ritual transvestitism, by Yvette “Myth and Reality on Greek vases,” and the Etruscan Foundation. Liverani; Ulderico Santamaria and Fabio Morizot. Other articles are text-based, and Gregory Warden, “Men, Beasts, and The journal, founded and long edited by Morresi; Stefano Spada; Jan Stubbe range from a study of elections and the toga Monsters.” Finally, Paloma Cabrera writes on our own Jane Whitehead, now has P. Gregory Ostergaard; Heike Stege, Irene Fiedler, and candida in the Roman Republic (Elisabeth the collection of Greek and Etruscan antiqui- Warden as its editor. The current issue is ded- Ursula Baumer; Sylvia Kellner; Brigitte Dania), through the cloak of St Martin (Sylvie ties in the Archaeological Museum of Spain. icated to Nando and Sarah Cinelli, founders of Freyer-Schauenburg; Lucrecia Ungaro and the Etruscan Foundation, who died within Labara), to Coptic textiles and theatrical cos- Greek Painted Pottery: Images, Contexts, Maria Luisa Vitali; Oliver Primavesi; weeks of each other in 2002 (see Etruscan tume in Late Antiquity. and Controversies. Proceedings of the Ingeborg Kader; Andreas Prater. News 1, 2002, page 8). Stephan Steingräber Conference sponsored by The Center for the Reviewed in Bryn Mawr Classical Review Parliamo di Moda. Manuale di storia del writes on Urbanization, Jodi Magness on cer- Ancient Mediterranean at Columbia 2004.08.07, by Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway, costume e della moda. I. Dalla preistoria al tain features of seventh-century Etruscan University, 23-24 March 2002. Columbia Bryn Mawr College thus: trecento. II. Dal quattrocento al settecento. III. tombs and burial customs, which she believes Ottocento, novecento e XXI secolo. By Sara Studies in the Classical Tradition, 25. New “Not only do Museums and exhibitions fail to have been brought to southern Etruria by Piccolo Paci. Bologna, Cappelli Editore, York and Leiden: Brill, 2004. List price: EUR to stress sufficiently the role of color in Near Eastern immigrants who became mem- 2004. 99 / US$ 130. ISBN 90 04 13802 1. Pages ancient sculpture and architecture, but appar- bers of the Etruscan elite. Two articles report This beautifully illustrated, up to date text- 190, 40 illustrations. ently even many archaeologists today contin- on excavations. “An Orientalizing Period book, initially written to serve for the students I have not yet seen the volume, which was ue to ignore or deny the reality of its import. Complex at Poggio Civitate,” by Erik Nielsen at the Polimoda in Florence, is a model of suc- presented at the Italian Academy of Columbia This criticism …may no longer be valid after and Anthony Tuck, includes the preliminary cinct, complete documentation of a subject University, September 2004. It deals, at least the appearance of the book under review, account of a fragmentary inscribed bucchero long neglected by all but a very few scholars. in part, with the reception of Greek vases, a which, since it is already in its second print- base, currently under study. Michael Thomas It will surely find a wide audience. Sara subject that puts the Etruscans not only in the ing, must be reaching a wide readership. writes on “Excavations at Poggio Colla Piccolo Paci is true to the quotation from index, but in fact center stage. We look for- Ostensibly intended as the catalogue of an (Vicchio di Mugello). A Report of the 2000- Stéphane Mallarmé, La dernière mode, 1874, ward to finding the book, whose contributors exhibition, this hefty — and very colorful — 2002 Seasons.” Two others are on iconogra- which she places at the beginning of the book: are specialists in the field, in libraries and volume does not follow the usual formula of phy. Shanna Kennedy Quigley studies visual in studying the history of fashion, one must bookstores in the near future. listing objects on display together with intro- representations of the birth of Athena/Menrva also explain the reason why something was ductory essays on various aspects of interest. Varia and finds that they exemplify different Greek worn. Indeed, I remain a bit uncertain as to what was Hommages à Carl Deroux. IV. Archéologie and Etruscan cultural attitudes toward women. Jocelyn Penny Small begins her to be actually exhibited, first in Munich (16 Greek Vases and Etruscan Markets et Histoire de l’Art, Religion, edited by Pol study of possible representations of the entry Dec. 2003 - 29 Feb. 2004) and then, in slight- John Boardman, The history of Greek Defosse. Collection Latomus 277. Bruxelles, of Tarquinius Priscus into Rome with the ly modified form (p. 9), in Copenhagen (early vases. Potters, painters and pictures. London: Editions Latomus 2003. caveat, ”Iconography and divination have 2004) and at the Vatican (Fall 2004). Instead, Thames and Hudson, 2001. The large number of contributions to this much in common. Both are divinely inspired.” the text is composed entirely of essays, most The index, under “Artists, Groups and Festschrift for the President of the distin- Reviews and Book Notes complete an inter- of them by Vinzenz Brinkmann and a few by Wares,” lists several passages for “Etruscan.” guished Société d’Études Latines de non-German authors (in German translation). Bruxelles has been organized into five vol- [continued on next page] Page 9 [continued from previous page] course on the role of the myth and image of Chronology.” Odile Cavalier, ed., La Tarasque de Noves. esting volume. Herakles for the Founding Fathers. Reviews: Réflections sur un motif iconographique et sa P.F. Bang, “The Mediterranean: A Articles Stephan Steingräber, review of Rita postérité. Actes de la table rotonde, décembre Corrupting Sea? A Review-Essay on Ecology “The Warrior of Lattes: An Iron Age statue Benassai, La pittura dei Campani e dei 2001. Musée Calvet, Avignon, 2004. and History, Anthropology and Synthesis: P. discovered in Mediterranean France,” by Sanniti (Rome 2001), Gymnasium 111, Jan. Of particular interest is the article by Jean Horden and N. Purcell, The Corrupting Sea. A Michael Dietler and Michel Py, Antiquity vol. 2004. Gran Aymerich, “Le fauve carnassier dans Study of Mediterranean History.” 77, No. 298, December 2003, 780-795. The reviewer, who has himself published l’art étrusque et son influence sur le premier T. Fischer-Hansen (ed.), Ancient Sicily; and This is a preliminary report on the latest an article on the development, distribution, art celtique,” dealing with that typically H. D. Anderson, H. W. Horsnaes, S. Houby- discovery of a large-scale stone statue, only and architectural context of South Italian Etruscan limb-in-mouth motif of lions and Nielsen and A. Rathje (eds.), Urbanization in recently announced. “Dietler discovers statue tomb paintings, and is presently preparing a panthers in Orientalizing art, and its influence the Mediterranean in the 9th to 6th Centuries in France that reflects an Etruscan influence,” volume on the pre-Roman painting of Magna on Celtic art. BC (by A. Domínguez) reads a headline in the Chicago Chronicle for Graecia, praises this book as a well-illustrat- M. Jurisic, Ancient Shipwrecks of the ed, well-documented, innovative work. The The Amber Route, from the Baltic to February 19, 2004. The stone statue of a near Italy Adriatic; and E. Grossmann, with contribu- life-size Celtic warrior dating to around 500 first part includes a catalogue of some 100 tors, Maritime Tel Michal and Apollonia (by B.C. was discovered at Lattes, a Celtic seaport painted tombs, topographically arranged, Jan Bouzek,”The Central European Amber A. J. Parker) near Montpellier, in southern France. The while the second analyzes the tomb types, the route during the La Tène and Early Imperial C. Dougherty, The Raft of Odysseus (by A. fragment is a torso, dated by its armor and iconography of their decoration, their style, times, in C.W. Beck, J. Bouzek, eds., Amber Snodgrass) clothing to the sixth or early fifth century B.C. chronology and possible artistic “schools,” in Archaeology. Proceedings of the II R.L. Fowler (ed.), Early Greek It is not a kouros type, but apparently once and even attempts to reconstruct tomb groups, International Conference on Amber in Mythography Vol. 1 (by J. Boardman) belonged to a kneeling warrior holding a which are almost always missing in the case Archaeology, Liblica 1990. Prague 1993. A. Invernizzi, Sculture di Metallo da Nisa weapon, such as a bow or a spear. According of Etruscan tombs. The volume is reviewed in Antiquity 69, (by J. Boardman) to the authors several features of this statue Etruscan Influence in the World of the March1995. K. Jordanov, K. Porozhanov and V. Fol reflect the influence of Etruscan merchants, (eds.), Thracia 15. In Honour of Alexander Celts and in the North Jan Bouzek,”Some new aspects of the probably from Caere, in this area, not only for Fol’s 70th Anniversary (by J. Boardman) Amber Route studies,” Atti del XIII Congresso the locals but also for the Iberians, previously Das Rätsel del Kelte von Glauberg. Glaube, A. Kuhrt, ‘Greeks’ and ‘Greece’ in UISPP Forli, 1996. Workkshop 6, 1. Forli envisaged as providing some of the models Mythos, Wirklichkeit. Stuttgart: Theiss, 2002. Mesopotamian and Persian Perspectives (by 1998. for the art of this region. Etruscans may have Articles by Otto-Herman Frey, Dirk S. Dalley) On the “tribal aristocracy.” been living at Lattes as part of a trade enclave. Steuernagel and others in this lavishly and A.-A. Maravelia (ed.), Ancient Egypt and Dominique Briquel comments, “It seems intelligently illustrated book provide the Joan Todd, ed., Amber in Archaeology. Antique Europe (by J. Bouzek) more and more probable that there was in background for the sensational find at Proceedings of the IV International G. Muskett, A. Koltsida and M. Georgiadis Lattes a real Etruscan settlement, with houses Glauberg in Hesse of princely graves and a Conference on Amber in Archaeology. Talsi, (eds.), SOMA 2001-Symposium on and official buildings (a temple seems to have monumental stone statue and fragments, the 2001. Riga 2003. Mediterranean Archaeology (by J. Bouzek) be found).” so-called leafy-crowned “Mickey Mouse.” B.S. Ottaway and E.C. Wager (eds.), A brief article on the discovery of the sta- The influence of the Greek kouros by way of Metals and Society (by P. Dolukhanov) tue appears in this issue. Etruscan art is traced to the northern regions, A. Rathje, M. Nielsen and B.B. Rasmussen with a useful survey of large-scale stone stat- Book Review (eds.), Pots for the Living, Pots for the Dead “For the Mother and for the Daughter. ues on both sides of the Alps. (by J. Boardman) Some Thoughts on Dedications from Etruria C. Scheffer (ed.), Ceramics in Context (by and Praeneste.” by Nancy de Grummond. In Die Keltenfürst vom Glauberg. Ein Ancient West and East J. Boardman) Charis: Essays in Honor of Sara A. frühkeltischer Fürstengrabhügel am Hang des G.R. Tsetskhladze and A.M. Snodgrass Immerwahr, edited by Anne. P. Chapin. Glauberges bei Glauberg- Glauberg, The journal Ancient West and East contains (eds.), Greek Settlements in the Eastern Hesperia Supplement 33, American School of Wetteraukreis. Archäologische Denkmäler in many articles and reviews that would be of Mediterranean and the Black Sea (by J. Classical Studies at Athens 2004. Hessen 128/129. Der Fürstengrabhügel und interest to our readers. Here is a sampling Bouzek) The author deals with the controversial seine Erforschung, by Fritz-Rudolf from three volumes. B. Werbart (ed.), Cultural Interactions in inscription of the Ficoroni cista, NOVIOS Herrmann. Die Funde aus den Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean (by J. PLAUTIOS MED ROMAI FECID/ DINDIA Fürstengräbern, by Otto-Herman Frey. Ancient West and East (AWE) 2.1 (July Bouzek) MACOLNIA FILEAI DEDIT. The usual Wiesbaden 1996. 2003) translation is, “Novios Plautius made me. A timely, popular, careful publication of the Articles: Ancient West & East 4.1 Dindia Macolnia gave me to her daughter.” 1987 discovery of the tomb mound, and the S. Klinger, “Observations on the Range and Articles: The name of Novios Plautius, the craftsman results of the 1994-95 seasons of the (ongo- Nature of Attic Black and Red Figure Pottery J. Bouzek, “Local Schools of Thracian who made the Praenestine cista at Rome, ing) excavation. Carefully laid out maps, in Israel: the Yavneh-Yam Collection” Toreutics in the 4th Century BC.” looks Umbrian, Dindia Macolnia’s is proba- plans, color photos of the site, the finds and Reviews: J. Hind, “Archaic Scythia: Neither Scythia bly Etruscan. Much discussion has centered comparanda, and distribution maps of the “West and East: A Review Article” nor Archaic? (Herodotus, Hist. 4. 99. 2).” on the word ROMAI, “at Rome.” Many have types of finds are all accompanied by a clear V. Schultz, La redécouverte de l’or des Reviews: taken it as evidence that Rome was a flourish- text. The reader gets a wonderfully close-up Scythes; and I. Lebedynsky, Les Scythes (by “New Publications on Murals,” by F.R. ing center of artistic production in the fourth picture of this exciting find, which throws H.-C. Meyer) Serra Ridgway. and third centuries. The place of manufacture new light on the elite of ca. 500 BC buried R. Benassai, La Pittura dei Campani e dei B.A. Barletta, The Origins of the Greek was probably spelled out to signify that it was here with their precious ornaments and table Sanniti (by F.R.S. Ridgway) Architectural Orders (by R. A. Tomlinson) an exception, however: Praenestine cistas ware. Contacts with Etruria to the south bring J. Boardman, Cyprus between East and A.K. Bowman, H.M. Cotton, M. Goodman were normally made in Praeneste, but this one in Greek influence, as well as typically West (by V.A. Tatton-Brown) and S. Price (eds.), Representations of was made at Rome, as a special commission. Etruscan material and motifs, such as bronzes M. Diepeveen-Jansen, People, Ideas and Empire. Rome and the Mediterranean World Nancy de Grummond’s interesting article with the telltale limb-in-mouth motif, and the Goods (by J.R. Collis) (by R. Alston) focuses on the dedication, which she argues bronze “Schnabelkanne” or pitcher decorated P. Flensted-Jensen, T. Heine Nielsen and L. G. Bradley, Ancient Umbria (by Philip J. was a gift from Dindia Macolnia to The with human and animal figures together, as in Rubinstein (eds.), Polis & Politics (by T. Smith) Daughter, Kore, rather than to her own situla art and the Murlo acroteria. Figueira) K. Clarke, Between Geography and unnamed daughter. The author offers many A. Meadows and K. Shipton (eds.), Money History (by R. Alston) interesting and original suggestions about the Hallstatzeit. Die Altertümer im Museum für and its Uses in the Ancient Greek World (by S. J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, Decline and Fall of Etruscan religious background of the divini- Vor- und Frühgeschichte. Staatliche Museen Kovalenko) the Roman City (by J. Tuck) ties of the Mother and the Daughter in Italy. zu Berlin, II, by Ingrid Griesa and Rainer- T.S. Schmidt, Plutarque et les barbares (by L. Moscati-Castelnuovo (ed.), Identità e Maria Weiss, edited by Wilfried Menghin. R. Osborne) Martin Guggisberg, “Herakles im Weissen Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Prassi Storica nel Mediterraneo Greco (by A. Snodgrass) Haus. Zu einer italischen Bronzestatuette 1999. Ancient West & East 3.2 W. Regter, Imitation and Creation (by D. John F. Kennedys,” Antike Welt. Zeitschrift für A systematic archaeological survey of the Articles: Ridgway) Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte 33, 2002. finds of this period, in Italy, Germany, and G.-J. Burgers, “Western Greeks in their St John Simpson (ed.), Queen of Sheba (by A small Umbro-Sabellian statuette of Slovenia, with clear texts, spectacular photo- Regional Setting: Rethinking Early Greek- B. Overlaet) Herakles that JFK once kept on his desk in the graphs of landscapes, closeups and drawings Indigenous Encounters in Southern Italy.” V. Tosto, The Black-Figure Pottery Signed White House is the subject of this delightful of excavated material, and plans of excavated Monica M. Jackson, “Jewellery Evidence NIKOSTHENES EPOIESEN (by D. Ridgway) article, which leads into an interesting dis- sites. and the Lowering of South Italian Ceramic Page 10 communal to private property and Bronze workshops were already in exis- at the same time offering sites for mar- from tribal to state formation.” (p. x) tence at the dawn of the Iron Age in Italy kets, such as was the case at Lucus and had been for centuries. But it was the Feroniae, is an aspect of the economic Nijboer is not trying to make work- growing use of iron, passing from the development of central Italy on which shop development the exclusive status of a precious substance to the the author might have laid greater engine of the transformation of cen- metal of choice for weapons and tools, emphasis, although he does not neglect tral Italy during this time. But he that represents the great innovation of it. One may also see Joan M. Fayn, methodically shows that it is an the period. Once again, archaeological Markets and Fairs in Roman Italy, engine that the historian ignores evidence can be used to follow this (Oxford 1993), which, however, focuses at his risk. The archaeological development in detail. Lago dell’Accesa, its attention on the Late Republic and evidence comes principally a mining village near Populonia, was Empire. from pottery and metal work. formed of a group of “porticus” houses Nijboer’s work also examines the Pottery at the beginning of not unlike the buildings at Laurentina- Etruscan emporia on the coast, which the Iron Age can be seen as Acqua Acetosa. The work sheds at declined just as the cities became indus- simple household production or Poggio Civitate once again are of capital trially self-sufficient. The history of household industry. The terms significance, as is the site of Marzabotto. these ports of entry, however, was also have been defined to distinguish the Hoards, such as the great iron hoard from affected by political factors, the pressure making of pottery for the consumption Satricum, can also be called into evi- of the Gallic tribes on the people of the of the single household from household dence. In examining Pithekoussai peninsula and Greek hostility culminat- REVIEW ARTICLE production also sold to others. It is Nijboer takes up the hypothesis that the ing in Dionysius I’s sack of Pyrgi. That attractive to think, as Nijboer does, that Greeks in this trading community came the reduction of imports in Etruria, and by R. Ross Holloway to Italy in search of metals and in partic- particularly of Attic red figured pottery, Brown University until ca. 800 in the region under discus- sion, “The majority of the pottery was ular to establish a way-station for the was perhaps less drastic than Nijboer produced by women who were either trade in Elban iron ore. Rather than this suggests has been recently argued by A. J. Nijboer, Manufacturing and the role, the author attributes to Pithekoussai Christoph Reusser, Vasen für Etrurien Market in Early Etruria and Latium: completely or partially independent in their ceramic requirements” (p. 187), the function of an offshore emporium, (Zurich 2002). Nijboer is not inclined to From Household Production to “combining local manufacture with trad- see Rome as a true emporium in archaic Workshops: Archaeological evidence although the situation, even in Protovillanovan times, may have been ing activities,” Like the potter, the iron time. The evidence is slender, of course, for economic transformation, pre-mon- worker was the victim of the downward but given the limited scope of excava- etary exchange and urbanization in significantly more complicated and spe- cialized workshops had certainly existed pressure exerted on labor by the expan- tion, even in the Sant’ Omobono central Italy from 800 to 400 B.C., sion of iron working into the production Sanctuary by the river, it may be prema- Groningen, 1998. earlier, for example in Castelluccian Sicily and, I would think, in the centers of utilitarian goods. The dynamism of ture to pass final judgment. Italian industry in the Iron Age has now My hope is that these paragraphs have In his account of the reign of Ancus of the Apennine Culture in the peninsula. found a new and compelling illustration served to suggest the significance of this Marcius, Livy (I.30.5) mentions mutual The point at issue, however, is the emer- in the riverine manufacturing center at work. The topics that comprise its field interference on the part of the Romans gence of full time industrial workshops Poggiomarino in Campania. Metal work- of investigation are all well known to and the Sabines with traders at the shrine in Central Italy after ca. 800. And what is ing was a major activity here, and students of Etruscology and Italic antiq- of Lucus Feroniae. Dionysius of fascinating in Nijboer’s discussion is the Poggiomarino, upstream from the coast uities. But Nijboer has drawn them Halicarnassos (XXXII. 1) called this fair progression from production of carefully on the Sarno River, apparently operated together into a convincing picture of the the most important of those held crafted luxury items, bucchero fine for in much the same way as Pithekoussai, industrial and economic development in throughout Italy. Located in the Ager example, made to satisfy an elite who importing ore or scrap and sending fin- the area over four important centuries Capenus on a terrace above the Tiber’s required such items, to standardized ished goods into the heart of the peninsu- and has shown their human effects and flood plain, the sanctuary was ideally products of lower artistic merit, made for la (see http://www.archemail.it/poggio.htm suggested their social consequences. positioned to serve as the site of a mar- a wider market of consumers. Behind and http://www.kwart.kataweb.it/kwart/ita/ ket. But these notices, occurring in these developments is the creation of videodett.jsp?idContent=211194&idCategory recitations of early Roman history where industrial workshops. But at the same =2404&formato=2 —video) so much is anachronism and fantasy, are time the status and social position of the Membership of the hardly more than a hint of the economic potters were adversely affected, resulting The question of the trade and markets, life in early Italy. in that proletarianization of the work- U.S. Section of the therefore, is one that arises directly from Over the last half century archaeology force, which eventually led to industrial the hard evidence of industrial develop- has come to the aid of the history of the slave labor. Istituto di Studi ment at these sites. Nijboer’s answer is a early Romans, the Etruscans and their It is not uncommon to encounter nuanced one. A market economy did Etruschi ed Italici neighbors in a remarkable way. There is sweeping generalizations (and occasion- emerge in Italy by about 600, supplanti- now an archaeological history of Etruria al absolute banalities) about ancient ng the pre-market exchange patterns of Officers: Larissa Bonfante, President; and of Latium in the Iron Age grounded societies based on equivocal archaeolog- an earlier date, but the development was William Harris, Vice President; Richard in new knowledge of urban development ical testimony. But Nijboer has painstak- incomplete. Exchange remained on the De Puma, Secretary; Board: Richard and the sociology of the necropolis. A. J. ingly reviewed the evidence at sites in level of full value metallic equivalents, Brilliant, Mario Del Chiaro, Nancy de Nijboer’s important contribution, pub- Etruria and Latium. Satricum, where he aes rude or aes grave. The impact was Grummond, Ross Holloway, Erik Nielsen, lished as a dissertation in 1998, goes far- was part of the Dutch excavation team, is immediate. It can be seen, for example, and Jean Turfa. ther toward creating an economic history naturally his first point of reference, but in Latium, where, as this reviewer has Associate Members (Membri of this area in the Iron Age than any pre- particularly striking is the testimony argued (The Archaeology of Early Rome Associati): Marshall Becker, Evelyn Bell, vious study. Like most dissertations, from Laurentina-Acqua Acetosa and and Latium, London 1994), the emer- Alexandra Carpino, John Dobbins, Ingrid Manufacturing and the Market in Early Marzabotto. At both sites a group of pot- gence of the market discouraged the Edlund-Berry, John Hall, Jeff Hill, Susan Etruria and Latium has been ignored by tery workshops make up a potters’ quar- accumulation of prestige goods for use as Kane, Paul Keyser, Helen Nagy, Jenifer the review pages of the major journals in ter. At Poggio Civitate and Caere there is grave goods. This is also the age, more- Neils, Theodore Peña, Lisa Pieraccini, the field, but it deserves to be brought to direct evidence of the production of roof over, of the introduction of standardized Nancy Ramage, Peter Schultz, Shirley the attention of the wide audience inter- terracottas, which were beginning to be weights and standardized measures of Schwarz, J. Penny Small, David Soren, ested in Etruscan studies. used on Italian buildings during the sev- volume and length. Nicola Terrenato, Anthony Tuck, Robert The author’s purpose is made clear at enth century and represent a notable The citystates developed at the Tykot, Rex Wallace, P. Gregory Warden, the outset. investment in building materials. At expense of places like Poggio Civitate, and Jane Whitehead. We invite interested “I will argue that a redirection of the Caere the center of this production occu- pied an area of 400 sq. meters. Such Acquarossa and Lago dell’Accesa. scholars to apply for Associate production facilities is an intrinsic developments are part and parcel of the Satricum reveals “a faltering urbaniza- Membership by sending a letter with a component of the centralization emergence of urbanization and the cre- tion process,” but buying and selling one-page curriculum vitae to the secretary processes occurring in Italy from 800 ation of citystates in central Italy. continued there because of the sanctuary. of the section: Richard De Puma, The importance of sanctuaries for pro- Department of Art, University of Iowa, to 400 B.C. They are embedded in the The evidence of pottery production is viding the focus of rudimentary political Iowa City, IA 52246; email: richard- transition from village to town, from reinforced by that of metallurgy, which receives equal attention in this volume. organization, like the Latin League, and [email protected]. Page 11 Articles

The port was an important gateway to the Vehicles in Funerary Reconstruction of the Celtic residents of the interior and connected statue found at Lattes, Depositions them with Etruscan and Greek traders. with the image of the Outside of the Greek colony at Marseilles, By Adriana Emiliozzi fragment positioned in Lattes has the first evidence of olive oil and the torso of the warrior. wine production in France. Two recently restored Etruscan vehicles were put on exhibit for the first time last May, 2004, at the Museo Civico of Trevignano Romano, in the Palazzo Comunale. The inau- guration of their permanent exhibit took place May 8, 2004. The vehicles, a cart and a chari- Previously, scholars have thought that ot, join the rest of the material from the the objects represented on statues found princely Tomb of the Flabelli, discovered in in the region demonstrated that north- 1965, already permanently on display at the eastern Spain influenced their design. museum. They may be seen during Museum But Dietler’s work suggests there has hours, Tuesday through Friday, 10-13; been some confusion about these cultural Saturday 9-13, 16-20, and Sunday 9-13. Free influences, and that some likely originated admission. in Etruria, with a complex circulation of metal The remains of one or two wheeled vehi- Dietler objects throughout the western cles, buried complete, dismantled or burnt, are Mediterranean. discovers statue in France frequently found in the funerary equipment Dietler’s statue has two round discs that are Flag of Etruria belonging to the members of the ancient that reflects an Etruscan carved in relief on the chest and back of the by Piero Telesio Etrusco-Italic aristocracy. A precise account warrior. Also carved on the statue are four influence published in 1997 shows the recovery of smooth cords superimposed over a ridged by William Harms This is the state flag of the Kingdom of approximately 280 such items. Most of them strap that passes over the top of the shoulders Reprinted from the Chronicle of the University Etruria, 1804-1807: five stripes alternating are recognizable by the metal parts which sur- and along the middle of the torso, encircling of Chicago light blue and white, with the arms in the cen- vived the decomposition of organic materials the arms. On the back disc is the effaced tail ter. like wood, rawhide, and leather used on the of a crest of a helmet. A life-sized statue of a warrior discovered Why the fleur-de-lys? The Kingdom of main structure. The warrior is dressed in a finely grooved in southern France reflects a stronger cultural Etruria was created by Napoleon in 1801 out The finds are distributed over the period pleated skirt, which is encircled with a wide influence for the Etruscan civilization of Tuscany for the Bourbon-Parma family in 750 to 400 B.C., and geographically over an belt. The belt buckle on the Lattes warrior is throughout the western Mediterranean region exchange for the Duchy of Parma, which was area including modern Tuscany, Latium, one of the strongest clues of the statue’s cre- than previously appreciated. Michael Dietler, annexed to France. The kingdom was short- Umbria, Marches, and Abruzzi in central ation date, as examples of this type from Associate Professor in Anthropology, and his lived, as Napoleon gave it to his sister, Elisa Italy, Emilia Romagna, Lombardy, and graves in Spain and Italy are no longer found French colleague Michel Py have published a Bonaparte, in 1808. The first king of Etruria Trentino-Alto Adige in Northern Italy, and on statues dated after the early fifth century paper in the British journal Antiquity on the was Louis of Bourbon-Parma, who died pre- Campagna and Basilicata in Southern Italy. B.C. Iron Age statue, found at Lattes, a Celtic sea- maturely in 1803, leaving his widow as regent The Etruscans, Latins, Faliscans, Sabines, port that Dietler is studying in southern queen and his son Charles Louis as king. Umbrians, Picenes, and other peoples who Etruscans may have lived at Lattes at one France. The arms on the flag are Bourbon (for the inhabited these regions (except the Greeks of time as part of a trade enclave. They found the fine-grained limestone stat- Bourbon-Parma) and Medici (for Florence). Southern Italy) used to place vehicles in the They were still apparent in about 475 B.C., ue in the door of a large courtyard-style house The Bourbon-Parma descend from Philip V, tombs of the aristocracy as a status symbol of when the settlement became part of the they are excavating in the ancient settlement, king of Spain (grandson of Louis XIV and the the deceased, both male and female. Masaliote sphere of trade, based in a larger which is five miles south of the modern day first Bourbon king of Spain), and Elisabetta Recent studies show that two-wheeled community of Greek colonists nearby where city of Montpellier. The statue dates from the Farnese, heir to the Duchy of Parma. The wife vehicles buried in Etrusco-Italic tombs were modern Marseilles is now located. sixth or early fifth century B.C. of Louis, and hence queen of Etruria, was of two types: the chariot driven standing, and Lattes is an important site for understand- “The house is different from any we have Marie-Louise, daughter of Charles IV (Carlos the cart driven seated. The first type was used ing the Iron Age in the western Mediterranean seen in the area,” Dietler said. “It is much IV), king of Spain. The dukes of Parma were, in processions, or for hunting or racing, or by and the history of ancient Greek and Roman larger than other houses in the settlement and in order, Carlo I (later to become king of warriors going into battle. Its function was colonialism. It was occupied from the sixth does not follow the traditional indigenous Naples as Carlo VII, giving rise to the thus like that of the Roman biga. The second century B.C. to the second century A.D., at architectural styles, nor is it precisely like Bourbon-Sicilia branch, and later king of type was also used by women, and served in which time the lagoon that connected it to the those of the Etruscans or Greeks.” Spain, as Carlos III, giving rise to the present daily life for short or long trips, with or with- Mediterranean filled with silt, and residents The team discovered the statue embedded Spanish branch), followed at Parma by his out baggage; it was also used for ceremonies, gradually abandoned the community. in a door, which indicated that it had been brother Filippo, head of the Parma branch of particularly weddings. The function of this The site, which was known as Lattara in reused as part of the structure when the house the Bourbons. The next duke was Ferdinando, kind of vehicle is like that of the Roman car- ancient times, was rediscovered in the 1970s was built, sometime around 250 B.C. It is the followed by Louis (Ludovico, to become king pentum. The Tomba dei Flabelli of Trevignano as a result of urban expansion from only statue found so far at the site. of Etruria), followed by Charles-Louis (Carlo Romano contained two vehicles: a chariot and Montpellier. After initial archaeological One thing that is unusual about the statue is Ludovico). a cart. exploration showed there was an important that it was found in a secure archaeological After the fall of Napoleon, Etruria was not The currus (chariot) site in the area, it was preserved, and a major context “Most of the other statues we have restored to the Bourbon-Parma. Instead, it The remains of distinctive iron accessories museum and archaeological research complex from this period were discovered in the 19th reverted to being a Grand Duchy, with the – fragments of the nailed rims once belonging was built on the edge. century, for example, and we don’t know for Grand Duke from the house of Habsbourg. to wheels, three of the four hub caps that cov- French researchers, who are joined by sure where they came from,” Dietler Carlo Ludovico was made Duke of Lucca. As ered the heads of the two-wheel hubs, a metal Dietler and colleagues from Spain and Italy, explained. Napoleon’s wife, the ex-empress of France, plate bearing two pins that were originally conduct an annual excavation of the site, The statue, which was damaged while serv- Marie-Louise, was made ruler of Parma until placed where the pole and the axle were fixed which also is an international field school for ing as a door jamb, is unusual in other ways. her death, at which time the Duchy of Parma together – are proof of the presence of a char- graduate students. They have revealed, in From what remains of it, largely a torso, reverted back to the Bourbon-Parma. iot in the Tomba dei Flabelli at Trevignano addition to unique shell art, other unusual fea- scholars have determined the statue is of a For those more interested in this short-lived Romano. The reason why these are the only tures of the community. kneeling warrior holding a weapon, such as a kingdom, see La reine d’Etrurie, by Sixte di parts of the chariot still surviving should be At the period of its greatest extent, Lattes bow or a spear. Most other statues from the Bourbon (Parma 1929), out of print. evident was one of the largest sites in the region, and era are of warriors seated in cross-legged A most interesting website for those who In fact, the structure of such a vehicle, suit- covered approximately 50 acres. Unlike other positions. like flags: http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/ ed to a brisk pace, was essentially made of communities of the period, it was a fortified Body armor and clothing commonly seen flags/it-etrur.html organic materials such as wood and rawhide, lowland site rather than a hill fort, most of in Italy and Spain decorate the statue. Sent by Norman Roberson. which have decomposed with the passing of which were much less than half Lattes’ size. Page 12 Reconstruction of chariot from Monteleone di Spoleto, which came to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1903. (A. Emiliozzi,Carri da Guerra e Principi Etruschi. Rome 1997, 187, fig. 6).

time. Only some of the most luxurious vehi- around the bottom half of the sides. The floor, The carpentum (cart) front of a chariot to keep the reins separated; cles bore rich bronze decorations, like those with room for no more than two people stand- Together with the chariot (currus), a cart this is why it was improperly called poggiare- exhibited by the chariots, dating from the 7th ing, was made of thin, interwoven rawhide had also been placed in the Tomba dei Flabelli dini. The recent discovery of a cart in the and 6th centuries B.C., from Populonia, Vulci, strips, which gave elasticity and strength to at Trevignano Romano. It can be recognized tomb of a Picene princess at Sirolo, near Capua, Monteleone di Spoleto, Castel San the whole structure, thanks to the natural dry- with certainty thanks to the iron and bronze Ancona, has made its real function clear: it is Mariano, and Ischia di Castro. A chariot could ing process. The presence of this sort of elements that survived the decomposition of a metal device connecting the two ends of a be drawn by two (a biga), three (a trigai), or rawhide mat was essential for absorbing the wooden parts; the two nailed rims belong- forked pole, fixed by means of metal clamps, four (a quadriga) horses. excessive vibrations, as the wooden structure ing to the wheels, some of the bronze finial small nailed bands, and leather bindings. A light frame made from a U-shaped of the chariot was rigidly fixed by joints, rings covering the wheel hubs, and the typical The cart is found in both female and male branch, closed at the back by a cross-bar, was wooden pins, and leather bindings to the finial made of cast bronze, with the remains of burials as well as mixed burials, in the same fitted with railings usually made from young, drawing system, which consisted of the equal- the metal clamps that had fixed it to the tip of areas of ancient Italy and in the same period flexible branches, which, after being bent and ly rigid connection between the pole and the the wooden pole. Unlike the chariot, which as the chariot. Most poles seem to appear in dried, formed the sides of the chariot. Large axle. was always drawn by horses, the cart (carpen- the fork-shaped type, but sometimes there is a and finely worked leather panels were fixed tum) was usually drawn by a pair of mules or single pole placed in the center of the plat- asses. form. Carts with two separate poles like those Vatican Offers Volumes of internationalis.” Television correspondents The distinctive trident-shaped finial fixed at of modern times seem not to have been used embedded with U.S. military in Iraq might be the end of the pole is quite common. Its exact by the Etruscans and other Italic peoples, Help to Latin Lovers amused to know that they had filed stories via a position in the structure of the vehicle had not while they are to be found among the ancient by Philip Pullella “telephonium albo televisifico coniunctum,” or been fully understood until recently. For civilizations of the Near East, particularly in videotelephone. Sports fans can learn how to example, it was thought to have been on the Cyprus. VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - The Vatican’s say doping in Latin, “usus agonisticus medica- Latin lovers — that is, those who love the lan- menti stupecfactivi,” and commuters are guage — are issuing a new dictionary on how to advised that “tempus maximae Review of “Distortions” ing signs of its own aggrandizing, ultimately imperial hubris. say contemporary words like doping, FBI and frequentiae”means rush hour. by Terry Winter videophone the way Julius Caesar might have. Father Reginald Foster, who translates Pope Given that the Forum Theatre at Hanley’s It may never become a “liber maxime diven- John Paul’s documents from Latin to English, Potteries Museum & Art Gallery offered the ditus” — a best seller — if only for the steep says such dictionaries may be fun and useful but Reprinted from The Sentinel, Staffordshire perfectly-named venue, members of the Spirit cost of 100 euros ($116). But the release of the much more is needed to revive the language. newspaper, July 8, 2004 of Etruria Players gave us a splendid interpre- book this week is one of those esoteric, niche “What we really need is more training in Latin,” tation of a piece where supernatural religious events that has put talk in literary circles into Foster, a leading Latin professor, told Reuters It’s a simple equation, isn’t it? Josiah incoherence and floundering attempts at prag- overdrive. Or as the language of ancient Rome by phone on Wednesday. “But maybe these Wedgwood + Portland Vase = Etruria, Stoke matism co-existed as uneasily as they do now would put it, “instrumentum velocitati multipli- things will help increase interest in the language on Trent! Not for Beti Hand and Robert in George Bush’s USA. candae.” because there are a million things that did not Cochrane, whose play “Distortions” focuses Gill Adamson scores as the ambitious, The Italian-Latin dictionary, called Lexicon exist then, especially the political jargon,” he upon the original Etruscan culture, a dominant omen-obsessed Tanaquil, propelling her Recentis Latinitas was put together to join two said. force some 2,500 years ago. The denizens of somewhat diffident husband into Roman king- earlier volumes, A-L and M-Z, which had been Foster offers the Latin version of a phrase this ancient country developed a system of ship as the first Tarquin, and Steven Raymond released in past years but had sold out. It offers that came into the news after the dictionary was powerful city-states and a flourishing, influen- is convincing as both the household god, Lars, students of Latin, still the Catholic Church’s printed: President Bush’s “road map” for tial civilization. In their entertaining play the and the couple’s even more rapacious son, official language, a way of speaking or writing Middle East peace. He would write it as “tabel- co-dramatists depict the inevitable, cultural petulant Prince Tarquin (a prototype of about things that did not exist when ancient la viarum ad pacem” or “tablet of the road for clash between the burgeoning Etruscan nobil- emperors Caligula and Commodus). Rome ruled the world. peace.” That road will likely be a long one. ity, as its sophisticated nobility colonize the For another review of this play see: So, FBI is “officium foederatum vestigatori- Even a “puer explorator” — boy scout — neighboring state of Rome, which in its infan- http://www.thestage.co.uk/edinburgh/reviews/ um” and Interpol is “publicae securitatis custos knows that cy is relatively uncultured, but already show- review.php/4031 Page 13 Conference Reviews

“Tarquinia and the tury by the construction of a substantial road, and Rome), Piero Orlandini (Milan) and J. M. J. Gran Aymerich (Paris), At the marking the decline of the “sacred-institution- David Ridgway (London). After the introduc- Maritime Border between Tarquinia and Civilizations of the al complex,” which nevertheless seems to tion, “Knowing and Enhancing Southern Caere: Civitavecchia and Research at La Mediterranean,” have preserved some of its devotional conno- Etruria’s Heritage,” by the Archeological Castellina tations. Superintendent of Southern Etruria, A. M. Friedhelm Prayon (Tübingen), The Conference held at the The full report on the results of research up Moretti Sgubini, the following papers were Terracottas from La Castellina del Università Statale di to 1988 is published in the first three volumes delivered, which are listed not in the order of Marangone of the Tarchna series (“L’Erma” di delivery, but moving from center to periphery Marijke Gnade (Amsterdam), The Areas of Milano, 22-24 June 2004 Bretschneider, Rome 1997, 1999, 2001). according to their content: Tarquinia and Satricum Compared by Francesca R. Serra Ridgway Preliminary information regarding subsequent Annette Rathje (Copenhagen), The Sacred Luca Cerchiai (Salerno), Concerning Institute of Classical Studies campaigns, which cover not only the “com- and the Political: The Votive Deposit at Pliny’s Artifices (N.H. xxxv.152) University of London plex” but also the deep layers of the previous- Tarquinia Giovanni Colonna (Rome), New Light on ly known Ara della Regina temple, was given Francesca R. Serra Ridgway (London), Etrusco-Corinthian Pottery: the Veientine In 1982 a team led by Maria Bonghi in the catalogue of the new permanent exhibi- Pottery from the “Complex” on the Civita: Pittore dei Rosoni. Jovino, Chair of Etruscan Studies at the tion in the Museo Nazionale at Tarquinia Craft, Function, Society The program was brilliantly rounded off by 3 Università Statale di Milano, started excavat- itself. As further reports are nearing publica- Maria Cataldi (Rome), A Euboean Cup the presentation of the Milanese team’s plans ing the site of ancient Tarquinia, on the Civita tion, the discussion and literature concerning from the Poggio della Sorgente Cemetery at and strategies for the future, The Tarquinia plateau just outside the modern town. What these finds and their immediate and wider sig- Tarquinia Project: Prospects and Plans for Future they found was from the beginning so extraor- nificance has grown enormously. The 2004 Nancy Winter (Rome), The Archaic Research, by Maria Bonghi Jovino and some dinary that by 1986 it had prompted a memo- conference was designed to draw together the Architectural Terracottas at Tarquinia: of her multidisciplinary colleagues, dealing in rable exhibition and conference in Milan.1 threads of “the story so far.” Exchanges and Models particular with the classification of the finds, Since then the area has continued to pro- The proper academic business was preced- Simonetta Stopponi (Macerata), The “a geophysical prospecting, compositional duce rich evidence of a continuous human ed on the evening of Monday, June 21 by a Telaio” Building Technique at Orvieto analyses of artifacts, and electronic organiza- presence from the late 10th to the late 3rd cen- delightful dinner in the enchanting central Davide Cialfoni (Milan), Architectural and tion of data. We wish them well, and we turies B.C. It was not used for habitation or cloister of the University, once a grand Wall Typologies at Tarquinia: Parallels in the eagerly await the Atti of this important meet- regular burial, but rather for activities of an Renaissance hospital. This established the Ancient Near East ing. apparently religious character centered on a genial and good-humored atmosphere of the Gilda Bartoloni (Rome), The Beginnings of natural cavity in the rock; these included the whole gathering, which included dinners al Urban Formation: Similarities and 1 Exhibition catalogue: M. Bonghi Jovino, shallow burials, ranging in date between the fresco in the nearby garden of Cento Pizze, Differences ed., Gli Etruschi di Tarquinia (Modena 1986); 9th and the 6th centuries, of four infants, a just a stone’s throw from the Piazza del David Ridgway (London), Tarquinia, conference proceedings: M. Bonghi Jovino boy, a man, and a woman, which may be inter- Duomo and other famous Milanese land- Demaratus and the “Hellenization of the and C. Chiaramonte Treré, eds., Tarquinia: preted as human sacrifices. In the early 7th marks. The next two and a half days saw a Barbarians” ricerche, scavi e prospettive (Milan 1987). century, the building of a monumental altar- dense program of lectures and extended dis- Bruno d”Agostino (Naples), New Thoughts 2 See CAH iv (1988) 295. temple (using Near Eastern wall techniques) cussions, all delivered in perfect Italian, what- on the Diffusion of the Earliest Greek Pottery 3 A.M. Moretti Sgubini, ed., Tarquinia et- was accompanied by the votive deposition of ever the nationality of the participants. They in the Tyrrhenian Area rusca: una nuova storia (Rome 2001). For a the impasto pottery that had been used in a rit- extended well beyond the immediate focus of Stephan Steingräber (Rome), The Late well-informed and readable introduction in ual “banquet,” and deliberately broken and Tarquinia and the Civita, under the knowl- Classical and Early Hellenistic Tomb Painting English, see R. Leighton, Tarquinia, and topped by the similarly “disabled” and now edgeable chairmanship of professors Gemma of Tarquinia in its Mediterranean Context: Etruscan City (London 2004). famous bronze shield, axe, and trumpet-litu- Sena Chiesa (Milan), Giovannangelo Iconography, Style, Technique Camporeale (Florence), Michel Gras (Paris us.2 The cavity was obliterated in the 5th cen- Non Solo Pane thus as an ethnic, social, and economic indica- “L’Etrurie et l’Ombrie “Complessità sociale e organizzazione del ter- tor also carries with it important symbols of or ritorio in Etruria tra Bronzo finale e prima Età L’utilizzo delle risorse forces for social inequality. By producing avant Rome. Cité et terri- del Ferro” alimentari dalla preistoria food, which today we seek to interpret also on toire” A. Maggiani (Univ.Venezia): “Volterra. a biochemical basis, humanity has formed a Formazione della città e del territorio” ad oggi pact with its living environment and created L. Donati and L. Cappuccini (Univ. dynamics and power relationships that were Over the past ten years, excavations and Firenze): “Chiusi, la genesi della città ai con- not always balanced. Abundance and famine surveys have shed light on the ancient politi- fini del territorio chiusino: il caso di Poggio Organized by the Museo e Istituto cal landscape. With a view toward this, the Fiorentino di Preistoria “Paolo Graziosi,” the are two parallel tracks along which the histo- Civitella” Université Catholique de Louvain, along with Ph. Perkins (Open Univ. Milton Keynes): Dipartimento Generale delle Politiche ry of humanity runs; humans are the heirs to the KUL (Leuven), the FUNDP (Namur) and “The cultural and political landscape of the Formative e dei Beni Culturali delle Regione behaviors that have deep roots in the past, and the Università degli Studi di Udine, organized Ager Caletranus, North-West of Vulci” Toscana, and the Dipartimento di Scienze are forced to make choices that require wis- an international colloquium on the formation F. Prayon (Univ. Tübingen): “Castellina del dell’Antichità “G. Pasquale,” Scuola di dom and social conscience. of cities and their territories in Etruria and Marangone et le problème du plan orthogonal Specializzazione in Archeologia of the The speakers and their subjects were: Renata Grifoni, University of Pisa, Uomo e Umbria from the Late Bronze Age to the en Étrurie” University of Florence, this series of lectures, Roman conquest. It was held in Louvain risorse alimentari nella preistoria. A. Naso (Univ. Udine): “‘Qui sunt from April 7 to May 21, 2004, was supported February 13-14, 2004. Giovannangelo Camporeale, University of Minionis in arvis’ (Verg., Aen., 10.183). by the Comune di Firenze and Equoland Archaeologists presented papers based on a Florence, Uomo e risorse alimentari presso Quadro di sintesi sui Monti della Tolfa, nel S.C.r.l. site or a specific territory. Their hypotheses gli Etruschi VII-VI sec. a. C.” Nutritional resources, essential conditions were compared to the views of historians of Gloria Rosati, University of Florence, G. Bradley (Univ. Cardiff): “Cities and for the survival of our species, characterize the two regions. The objective was to re-eval- communities in pre-Roman Umbria” the “culture of food” that this series of lec- Uomo e risorse alimentari nell’Antico Egitto uate the forms and the chronology of urban- Giuseppe Rotilio, University of Rome “Tor L. Bonomi Ponzi (Soprintendente per tures seeks to explore through significant ization in Etruria and Umbria in the light of l’Umbria, Perugia): “Terni, Colfiorito, Gualdo examples from the history of civilization. Vergata,” Basi biochimiche dell’addattamento the most recent archaeological discoveries, dell’uomo alle risorse alimentari Tadino. Tre esempi emblematici dell’Umbria Beginning with prehistory, when the commu- while taking into account the ancient tradi- antica” nity of hunter-gatherers depended strongly on Maurizio Bettini, University of Siena, Le tion. donne romane che non bevono vino D. Manconi (Soprintendenza Umbria, climatic and environmental conditions, The program included the following Perugia): “Due capisaldi della Valle Umbra: Emanuele Papi, University of Siena, Uomo through antiquity and up to today, the means papers: Spello e Spoleto” e risorse alimentari nel mondo romano of acquiring, producing, and consuming food P. Fontaine (UCL), F. van Wonterghem M. Torelli (Univ. Perugia): “Interferenze Giorgio Pizziolo, University of Florence, determine the nature of the nutritional culture, (KUL) and Cl. de Ruyt (FUNDP): culturali, politiche e sociali tra Etruria ed Uomo e ambiente: I paesaggi dell’alimen- which is variable and multiform even within “Introduction. Repenser l’urbanisation de Umbria tra arcaismo e fase classica” tazione individual civilizations. l’Étrurie et de l’Ombrie préromaines” D. Briquel (Univ. Paris-IV): “L’Ombrie vue Food, in fact, as a mirror of thought and M. Pacciarelli (Univ. Napoli): par les Romains” Page 14 Spoken Latin Seminar: their Latin skills in friendly conversation while modern. Those who already knew the funda- Central Washington contains an unusually hiking through forests, mountains, and other mentals of Latin grammar and could already wide variety of terrains and microclimates, it Conventiculum Rusticum rural settings. Every day both easy and moder- read Latin quite well but who had never spo- was an extremely suitable location for visiting ate hikes were available; and those who so ken Latin were encouraged to attend the and observing the environment. There are sev- The Rural Washington Latin Seminar desired had several opportunities to engage in Conventiculum and hold their first Latin con- eral mountain systems, volcanoes and volcanic (Conventiculum Rusticum Vasintoniense) was difficult hikes and/or mountain climbs. versations. Those who did not yet speak Latin environments, exposed geological formations, held in June 2004 in the Wenatchee area of The last three days and two nights of the were urged not to feel intimidated, since glaciers and ice fields, evergreen and decidu- central Washington State. The moderators seminar were dedicated to a trip to Stehekin, a almost everyone had begun to speak Latin rel- ous forests as well as rainforests, rivers, were: village nestled among the peaks of the North atively recently and thus understood perfectly streams, creeks, waterfalls, river rapids, mead- Stephen Berard, Ph.D., professor of World Cascades. Since Stehekin could only be well the difficulty of getting started. ows and prairies, agricultural regions, Languages,Wenatchee Valley College reached by water, the seminar participants The Preparatory Sessions. All those wanted orchards, and deserts both semi-arid and arid. James Dobreff, M.A., veteran moderator of made the fifty-five-mile ferry trip to the vil- to practice the general elements of The city of Wenatchee itself, the “Apple the Lexington Conventicula lage along Lake Chelan, and returned to Conversational Latin were invited to arrive Capital of the World,” lies in the rain shadow Terence Tunberg, Ph.D., professor of Wenatchee two days later. They spent one day three days before the beginning of the seminar of the Cascade Mountains and in the midst of Classics, University of Kentucky/Lexington entirely in Stehekin and its environs, with par- and practice speaking Latin with Stephen the irrigated farming belt of Washington State. Akihiko Watanabe, Ph.D., instructor at the ticipants breaking up into smaller groups Berard, each other, and perhaps other modera- Enjoying a relatively sunny climate, the University of Kentucky/Lexington according to interest. tors, on a few more familiar topics, adding new Wenatchee Valley is the destination of many Other fluent Latin speakers and experi- Who attended the seminar? All Latin teach- and useful expressions to their vocabulary, get- who enjoy outdoor recreational activities. The enced moderators were in attendance. For ers at the elementary and secondary levels ting used to speaking, and building up their Enchantments, a nearby subsystem of steep- more information, go to http://ttt.boreocciden- were invited, as well as college and university confidence. uplift basalt mountains, about a half-hour tales.org/deconventiculis.php. professors. This seminar was especially rec- The Locations of the Seminar. away from Wenatchee by car, are covered by This Conventiculum Rusticum was an ommended to graduate students in Classics Preparatory Sessions: Wenatchee Alpine conifer forests up to an altitude of excellent opportunity for practicing speaking and related fields since, just as with any lan- The Preparatory Sessions was held on June about 7,000 feet. The highest point in the Latin. Most days’ activities included an excur- guage, the ability to speak Latin immensely 17th and 18th at Wenatchee Valley College. Enchantments, Mount Stuart (9,416 ft. / 2,870 sion, during which the participants, with the strengthens one’s ability to read and write Participants were either housed privately or m.) is partly covered on its north face by three help of moderators, not only chatted among Latin well. Also, in order for spoken Latin to stayed in local motels/hotels or camped in glacier systems. themselves in Latin but also described in Latin flourish, which is our common goal, it is espe- nearby campgrounds. Wenatchee is located in The Main Seminar: the Dirty Face Lodge everything they saw: trees and plants, moun- cially necessary for future Latin instructors to central Washington State on the east slopes of The main, week-long part of the tains and glaciers, rivers, animals, birds, see that our language is fully capable of serv- the Cascade range, along the banks of the Conventiculum, that is, before the excursion to insects, weather, and many other things. This ing as an instrument for daily life and for Columbia River, the second largest river in Stehekin, was held in the Dirty Face, located seminar was of special interest to those who expressing all human concerns, even the most North America after the Mississippi. Since in the forest near Lake Wenatchee. enjoy the outdoors and who wanted to improve Review of the First Annual through commercial, artistic, and cultural LUCY SHOE MERITT exchange between the Etruscans and other Graduate Student Conference: peoples of the Mediterranean afforded the August 7, 1906 - April 13, 2003 “The Etruscans and the presenters with a wealth of topics including architecture, painting, sculpture, settlement On February 15, 2004, the Department of Classics and the College of Liberal Arts honored Others” patterns and Romanization, lightning and the memory of Lucy Shoe Meritt with an event held at the Santa Rita room on campus. The by Harry R. Neilson III hepatoscopy. Dr. Gretchen Meyers compared program reflected two of the main interests in her life, music and architecture, enjoyed in the Florida State University early palace structures from Crete and Cyprus company of her many friends. We are grateful for all that Lucy gave each of us, and we are with Archaic Etruscan monumental buildings pleased to see that her interests continue to stimulate faculty and students, friends, and fam- The First Annual Graduate Student at Poggio Civitate and Acquarossa. Hilary ily. Conference of the US Section of the Istituto di Becker illustrated how the Roman road sys- Studi Etruschi ed Italici, organized by Harry tem in Etruria affected Romanization by PROGRAM Neilson and Larissa Bonfante, was held at the including certain Etruscan cities in its network Parliamo Italiano Language School in New and by excluding others. Rachel Goldman dis- ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION: York City on April 3-4, 2004. The Etruscans cussed the relationships between Etruscan and “’To see what you look at’:From the Etruscans to Post-Modernism in Austin Architecture” and the Others was the theme of the two-day Roman tombs. Alexis Christensen examined Professor Ingrid E.M. Edlund-Berry, Department of Classics, University of Texas at conference, which brought together a wide the similarities between Roman and Scythian Austin – Moderator gifts of land for serving the state. John Ricard range of graduate students and distinguished Michael S. Guarino, Design Director, TeamHaas Architects, Austin professors from various universities including considered the Near Eastern origins of the Professor Thomas N. Howe, Southwestern University, Georgetown and Restoring Florida State University (Alexis Christensen, Etruscan practice of hepatoscopy. Robert Ancient Stabiae Foundation Lorraine Knop, John Ricard), The Italian Vander Poppen examined settlement data Grady L. Jennings, AIA, Partner, Jennings*Hackler and Partners, Dallas Academy for Advanced Studies in America at from the Mugello Valley in order to construct Columbia University (Dr. Gabriele Cifani), a framework for the development of social Pablo Sanchez, Lead Architect, P.A.S. Design, Inc., Austin The University of North Carolina at Chapel stratification and power networks within the Hill (Hilary Becker, Dr. Nicola Terrenato, territory of Fiesole. Lorraine Knop reviewed MUSICAL PERFORMANCE: Robert Vander Poppen), Rollins College (Dr. the Etruscan concept of lightning as a Chamber Music in Lucy’s Memory Gretchen Meyers), and Rutgers University prophetic tool and hypothesized that the Trio Sonata in F Major, Georg Philipp Telemann (1681-1767) (Rachel Goldman). depiction of the lighting bolt in Etruscan art Katherine Bracher and Cynthia Shelmerdine, recorders The conference, held at the beautiful was influenced by the specific myth in which David Armstrong, keyboard Parliamo Italiano Language School, was gra- it appeared. Dawn Biega, cello ciously hosted by the school’s director, Ms. Two papers in particular highlighted the Trio Sonata in G Major, Johann Friedrich Fasch Franca Pironti Lally. Unfortunately, due to conference. The keynote speaker, Dr. Nicola Alex Mourelatos, flute unforeseen circumstances, Jean Turfa was Terrenato, looked at the Mediterranean in the Olive Forbes, violin unable attend to present her response and fourth century B.C. as a world of competing David Armstrong, keyboard closing remarks. The conference presenters city-states rushing to create an empire. He Hope Rider, bassoon and attendees attempted to make up for her argued that Tarquinia was, for a time, a major absence with topical and interesting responses competitor in this endeavor. Dr. Gabriele MUSICIANS: Cifani ended the conference with a presenta- after each paper. Professors Nicola Terrenato, Professor David Armstrong Department of Classics, University of Texas at Austin Nancy de Grummond, Larissa Bonfante, and tion of his recent work on archaic Rome, the Professor Katherine Bracher Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington (retired) Jane Whitehead led the discussions, and the most exciting of which is newly discovered Olive Forbes Reference Department, General Libraries, University warm and intimate setting of the conference evidence for the earliest Roman arch. Both venue lent itself to productive and topical Terrenato and Cifani debunked the stereotype of Texas at Austin commentary. developed in the late nineteenth and early Professor Alex Mourelatos Departments of Philosophy and Classics, University of The theme of the conference was the twentieth centuries that the Romans were Texas at Austin Etruscans’ relationships with other cultures always a warlike people with aspirations for Professor Cynthia Shelmerdine including the Romans, Scythians, and peoples empire. Robert M. Armstrong Centennial Professor of Classics, University of Texas at of the Near East. Because the Etruscans exert- This first annual graduate student confer- Austin ed formidable influence on other cultures in ence was such a success that it is now planned Hope Rider Admissions Processing, University of Texas at Austin antiquity, the mutual relationships formed as a biannual event. Dawn Biega Austin Page 15 Language Page

The Etruscan Language: only to compare this work (xxvi & 253 ogy and syntax. 111). an Introduction pgs.) to the first edition (x & 174 pgs.) to The third and final part, “Study Aids,” While the first edition often shied away see how much has changed since that vol- By Giuliano Bonfante and Larissa Bonfante contains sections on Etruscan texts, from the longer and more (exceedingly ume was published in 1983, and that earlier Manchester University Press Glosses, and Mythological Figures along more) difficult texts, some of these have volume—in turn—was itself published Manchester and New York 2002 with a listing of the names of cities, names been included now, such as Laris Pulenas almost twenty years after the discovery of of months and a comparative word chart. inscription (text #31 = TLE 129 = Ta 1.17), Reviewed by Miles Beckwith Pyrgi’s bilingual, which ushered in the The list of texts is considerably expanded the Perugia Cippus (text #64 = TLE 570 = Department of English modern era of Etruscan studies. The book from the earlier edition, and it is here that Pe 8.4) and also the newly published Tabula Iona College, New Rochelle, NY has been thoroughly updated, and contains the reader will see how much more compre- Cortonensis (text #65). Each of these is extensive bibliographic references to works hensive the present volume is (53 pages as given a brief but interesting discussion with For a number of years, one of the best published since the 1983 edition. Because opposed to 33 in the earlier volume). The a tentative translation. Once again, howev- sources for books in Classics was Allen’s of the existence now of Rix’s two-volume overall format is the same: like the early er, the authors have decided not even to try Booksellers in Philadelphia. Their cata- edition of Etruscan texts (Etruskische Texte, edition the inscriptions are both described to give an overview of the one Etruscan logues could be counted on to hold a few editio minor), the authors give his numera- and illustrated to give the student a thor- book, the Liber Linteus and have essential- gems, and one could always enjoy the occa- tion in addition to a TLE citation whenever ough sense of the provenance and epigra- ly simply followed the practice of the earli- sional wry comment added to certain possible. phy of each text. This is especially impor- er edition in giving a short passage whose entries. Sometime in mid-nineties, there Like the earlier edition, the book under tant for the study of Etruscan, and one miss- interpretation is relatively secure. Although was a listing for Mayani’s The Etruscans review has three parts. The First Part, es it in some other handbooks (consider, one can understand their decision––and it Begin to Speak, to which was added the “Background,” contains a single chapter e.g., Dieter Steinbauer’s mammoth––and was probably a wise one––one still wishes short marginal note: “They don’t have “Archaeological Introduction”—updated, otherwise very useful––Neues Handbuch for a more extensive discussion of this much to say.” While such a comment may but not substantially different from the first des Etruskischen). longest, but most difficult, Etruscan text. have been acceptable in the early 60s when edition. The Second Part, “The Language,” There is not space here to cover all the (The interested reader can find a lengthy Mayani’s book first appeared in English, it follows the first edition in being divided changes and expansions, but I will note a discussion of this text in Steinbauer’s new is increasingly inappropriate now. In the into Chapters ii through vi, which respec- few random points. A number of newly book, cited above). last forty years there have been great strides tively cover: “Introduction to the language published inscriptions have been added to Like the earlier edition, the book closes in the decipherment of Etruscan; unfortu- of the Etruscans,” “The study of the the book such as a bucchero olpe (discov- with a Bibliography, an Index to Sources, a nately, much of this work has happened on Etruscan language,” “The alphabet and pro- ered in 1988 and listed here as text #5) with Concordance, and an Index. This is an the Continent—in Italian and German pub- nunciation of Etruscan,” “Grammar,” and its depiction and inscription regarding extremely useful book and will be of great lications—and the progress of Etruscan “Etruscan writing: the aftermath.” Once metaia ‘Medea;’ and text #10, which sum- service to anyone interested in Etruscan decipherment is woefully underreported in again, the presentation is similar to the ear- marizes Bonfante and Wallace’s important language and/or Etruscan civilization. Its the English speaking world. lier edition, but here a number of important analysis of a buccheroid impasto pyxis (SE greatest use will be to Classicists and other The second edition of Giuliano and updates have been incorporated into the 64 [2001] 201-212). A number of important non-specialists, but anyone working on Larissa Bonfante’s The Etruscan text. Rix’ analysis of un as a second person additions and corrections have also been Etruscan will need to own a copy of this Language: an Introduction may finally pronoun is listed along with mi: mini in the made, e.g., the translation of text #9 (#8 in book. remedy this situation by introducing the section on pronouns (pp. 91-92), and there the older edition) now correctly glosses recent state of the language to English- are a number of small but important mlakas as ‘beautiful(’s)’ after the important speaking scholars and students. One has changes in the sections on verbal morphol- analysis by Agostiniani (SE 49 [1981] 95-

Tabula Cortonensis Cortonensis (Rome 2000); Cortona,” Rivista di Archeologia 25 (2001) C. De Simone, “La Tabula Cortonensis: 94-114; Bibliography Tra linguistica e storia.” Annali della M. Pandolfini and A. Maggiani, eds., La by Rex Wallace Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe Tabula Cortonensis e il suo contesto stori- di lettere e filosofia 3 (1998 [2000]) 1-122; co-archaeologico. Atti dell’Incontro di stu- The Etruscan inscription now known as idem, “Il testo etrusco della Tabula dio, 22 giugno 2001 (Rome 2002); the Tabula Cortonensis is without doubt the Cortonensis: un primo bilancio critico.” H. Rix, “Osservazioni preliminari ad una most significant epigraphic find of the past Ocnus 9-10 (2001-2002) 69-11; interpretazione dell’aes cortonense.” quarter century. The publication of the edi- idem, “Su due termini della Tabula Incontri linguistici 23 (2000) 11-31; Etruscan Texts Project tio princeps by Luciano Agostiniani and Cortonensis,” Incontri Linguistici 25 K. Wylin, “Forme verbali nella Tabula by Rex Wallace Francesco Nicosia in February of 2000 has (2002) 77-85; Cortonensis,” Studi Etruschi 65-68 (2002) been followed by a steady stream of schol- H. Eichner, “Etruskisch -svla auf der 215-223; Etruscan Texts Project is now on- arly publications concerning the readings of Bronze von Cortona,” in F. Cavoto, ed., The A. Zamboni, “Sigla del quattuorvirato line at etp.classics.umass.edu. the damaged portions of the inscription, the Complete Linguist. A collection of papers nella tavola di Cortona,” Athenaeum 90 Etruscan inscriptions recovered after overall interpretation of the inscription, and in honor of Alexis Manaster Ramer (2002) 431-441. the publication of Helmut Rix et al., the linguistic analysis of portions of the text (Münich 2001) 141-152; In the book of papers edited by Etruskische Texte are being added to as well as individual word-forms found in G. M. Facchetti, Frammenti di diritto Pandolfini and Maggiani (2002), the most the database. We expect to have 500 them. In the last issue of Etruscan News I privato etrusco (Florence 2000); important papers on the Tabula are: inscriptions on-line within the next promised an update on this inscription. So idem, “Note Etrusche,” to appear in G. Facchetti, “La Tabula Cortonensis several months, and we encourage our much interesting work is in press or is about Archivio Glottologico Italiano; come documento giuridico,” pp. 87-92; readers to make use of this reference to go to press, however, that I think it best idem, “Some New Remarks on the A. Maggiani, “Riflessioni sulla Tavola di tool. to postpone my review until this work had Tabula Cortonensis (= TCo),” to appear in Cortona,” pp. 65-75; been officially published. In the meantime, Europe Through Millennia — Languages, E. Peruzzi, “Per l’edizione della Tavola,” I append an updated bibliography on the Races, Cultures, Beliefs. Proceedings of the pp. 39-42 (also printed in La Parola del TCo. International Conference (Lodz, Poland, Passato 56 (2001) 203-210), and 25th-26th June 2004), (Studia H. Rix, “La seconda metà del nuovo Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier, “The Etruscan Indogermanica Lodziensia); testo di Cortona,” pp. 77-86. Tabula Cortonensis: a tale of two tablets?,” A. Maggiani, “Dagli archivi dei Cusu. to appear in Die Sprache; Considerazioni sulla tavola bronzea di L. Agostiniani and F. Nicosia, Tabula Page 16 Museum News and Reviews

Museum News Monteleone Chariot’s new restoration carried The Etruscans Come to alizes the jewelry through display on various by Larissa Bonfante out under the direction of Adriana Emiliozzi aspects of Etruscan civilization, such as poli- by the Museum’s Sherman Fairchild Oklahoma tics and commerce, Etruscan history, the cult The newly restored Aplu of Veii is now on Conservation Center. by Elizabeth de Grummond of the dead, and society and commerce. display at the Villa Giulia. When I visited my This year has brought special popular exhi- Recent research and discoveries in the field of favorite museum this summer I found the god bitions of Etruscan interest which are also of A previously unseen collection of Etruscan Etruscan studies are also explored in a portion temporarily housed in a little chapel in the importance to scholars. artifacts is on display this summer in the show of the show that was put together with the Ninfeo di Villa Giulia, a cool grotto-like area An exhibit on color in ancient Greek sculp- Unveiling Ancient Mysteries: Etruscan assistance of Dr. P. Gregory Warden of where the popes used to keep cool in the heat ture in Munich has been so successful that is Treasures at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art Southern Methodist University. of summer before the advent of air condition- has been held over this summer. Bunte in Shawnee, Oklahoma. At the heart of the The jewelry from the show is well pub- ing. I wondered how Apollo felt at being sep- Goetter, “Colored Gods – the Polychromy of show is an assemblage of 225 pieces of lished in a lavishly illustrated catalogue, arated from his brother Hercle and the rest of Ancient Sculpture” (see Book Reviews), the Etruscan jewelry from the collection of Italian Etruscan Treasures from the Cini-Alliata his family, which as it happened was not visi- brainchild of Vinzenz Brinkman, curator of Prince Fabrizio Alliata. Prince Alliata Collections, compiled by Francesco ble to the public. Only the Sarcophagus of the the Munich Glyptothek, has aroused much acquired the jewelry from his father-in-law, Buranelli, Director-General of the Vatican Married Couple could be seen, since that part interest and some shock at the sight of bright- Count Vittorio Cini, an Italian businessman Museums, and Maurizio Sannibale, Director of the building was closed for renovations. I ly colored copies of Greek originals. A well- who had assembled an extensive art collection of the Gregorian Etruscan Museum of the look forward to the re-opening, though I illustrated catalogue explains the evidence for in the early to mid-twentieth century. (An Vatican Museums. In addition, prior to the admit still having fond memories of the star- the controversial show, which was the subject interesting historical figure, Count Cini was opening of the show, the museum sponsored tling renovations of the 1950’s by the architect of an article by Jordan Bonfante in TIME also instrumental in the Italian resistance several public lectures, with talks by Mabee- Minissi, all very modern and exciting, with Magazine (December 22, 2003). The next movement during World War II, and he was Gerrer Museum director Debby Williams, lots of transparent plexiglass. venue is the Vatican Museum; then may we sent to the concentration camp at Dachau on Kelly Kirk, Dr. Greg Warden, and Chris These last few years, the galleries of hope for a U.S. tour? Those of us familiar with account of his political views. He was liberat- Ramsay. A lecture series will also take place ancient art of many museums have been the brightly painted terracotta sculpture of the ed from Dachau in 1944 in a daring rescue by during the run of the show. Among those closed while they are being renovated. We Etruscans might be able to imagine such his pilot son.) Stored until recently in Prince scheduled to speak were: Ron Lodes, who have missed them, but we are promised won- architectural pediments and other decorations. Alliata’s home, this collection of Etruscan discussed Etruscan gold jewelry making, 17 derful results. The University of Pennsylvania But then again, have we not unconsciously jewelry has never been displayed publicly. In June; Dr. Greg Warden, who spoke about Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology been contrasting such lively, colorful Etruscan preparation for the show, the artifacts have Etruscan art, 8 July; Robin Davis, who spoke was the first to open its reinstalled Etruscan gods as the Apollo of Veii with gleaming recently undergone conservation treatment at about Etruscan clothing, 29 July; and Dr. World Gallery (see Etruscan News 2, 2003, white marble Greek divinities? Great excite- the Vatican Museums. Tyler Jo Smith, who lectured on Etruscan cul- page 3). The Michael C. Carlos Museum ment has also greeted the paintings from the The show itself focuses on the jewelry from ture, 19 August. François Tomb, on view in Vulci, their home the Alliata collection, but this is complement- Unveiling Etruscan Mysteries: Etruscan of Emory University in Atlanta opened its town, through September 26, 2004, in a splen- ed by other ancient Mediterranean pieces Treasures ran from 1 June until 31 October new galleries this September 13, 2004. Jasper did exhibit that makes their original place- from the Gregorian Etruscan Museum of the 2004 at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art, Gaunt promises to write a short account of ment beautifully clear. Vatican Museums, and the Mabee-Gerrer’s which is located on the campus of St. their small but intriguing Etruscan holdings. Other exhibits, at the Villa Giulia Museum own collections. The items on display range in Gregory’s University in Shawnee, Oklahoma. We can look forward, in 2005, to the opening in Rome, at Viterbo, Trevignano, Edinburgh, date from the Villanovan Period to A.D. 30 Further information about the show can be of the J. Paul Getty Museum, whose Bard College in New York City, and Shawnee, and include bronze and terracotta objects as found on the museum’s website at Pompeian villa will be devoted to ancient art. Oklahoma, are reviewed or mentioned else- well as the gold jewelry. The exhibit contextu- www.mgmoa.org. The year after, 2006, will see the opening of where in this issue. the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s new are a significant part … it is right that our user-friendly format. It follows closely the gallery of Etruscan art, highlighting the exhibition should encourage us to dwell on layout and itinerary of the exhibit, and at the this.” Dr Gordon Rintoul, Director of the same time explains more clearly the intent Treasures from Tuscany – NMS, states that “we aim to provide the of the show. In her introduction, the editor, The Etruscan Legacy at answers (so that) you, the visitor, may detect A. M. Moretti Sgubini, reveals that the many more.” An example of this is that the museum’s storerooms are also laboratories. the Royal Museum of double-headed axe, associated with the lic- She describes what their contents are, and Scotland, Edinburgh tor’s rods, even today is a symbol of the power the activities and research that need to be of magistrates. With the many other civilizing carried out in them. by Robert Cochrane ideas that the Etruscans have implemented Museum storerooms not only serve to Etruria and passed down to us, I hope that this may be contain material that cannot be exhibited in Stoke-on-Trent taken up in the future by a further Etruscan the limited display space but also function as Staffordshire exhibition possibly on the theme of “what the laboratories where research can be carried Etruscans did for us.” out, and material from previous and even Outside the exhibition of “Treasures from “Treasures from Tuscany” is informative very early original excavations can be reex- Tuscany,” there is the reconstructed head of and inspirational. It is on in Chambers Street, amined. Objects never before displayed – Seianti Hanunia Tlesnesa, (whose sarcopha- Edinburgh, until 31 October, 2004. gus is in Room 71 in the British Museum). such as those in this exhibit – can often be This introduces the general public to a real restudied profitably within the framework of person, who enjoyed living a full life in a current knowledge, which has been enriched thriving society of 2200 years ago. Inside the Royal Museum. Photo courtesy of Nat. Scavo nello Scavo by years of research. exhibition there is a large time chart that Museums of Scotland’s website. Reviewed by Biagio Giuliani In this exhibit and catalogue, surprises await us. The catalogue provides a wide shows where and when Etruscans lived and exhibition. With so many international visitors also the locations of other contemporary civi- Scavo nello Scavo. The Unseen topographic overview of southern Etruria to Edinburgh, it will be possible for the widest and the Ager Faliscus by setting objects lizations that they would have influenced. The public to become more aware of this influen- Etruscans: Research and rediscovery in the from those regions back into their various 500 Treasures from Tuscany have been tial civilization. storerooms of the Archaeological museums contexts and chronological horizons, from arranged to exemplify various themes illus- The book that accompanies the exhibition of Southern Etruria. Catalogue of the exhib- the 9th through the 3rd centuries B.C. The trating the Etruscan culture, for example: “the is edited by the curator Dr Elizabeth Goring it edited by Anna Maria Moretti Sgubini book is made up of two substantial sections: rise to prominence,” “the role of religion,” and is published by the Royal Museum of (Rome-Viterbo 2004). Section 1, on aspects of architecture and “decline,” and “amelioration in the Roman Scotland. Because of its style it would be very decorative systems in Southern Etruria; Empire.” helpful and accessible to the layperson. In the The catalogue of the exhibit held in Section 2, on funerary rituals, customs, and The fortieth anniversary of the twinning of introduction it states that, “we are conscious Viterbo (March 5 – June 30) in the Fortezza Edinburgh and Florence is one reason for the of our European heritage of which Etruscans Giulioli appears in an attractive, simple, [continued on next page] Page 17 The new Archaeological archaeological museum, divided into a river in the Protohistoric period was an to the 5th c. and depicts several armed fig- Roman and Mediaeval section in the former important crossroads for the passing of tran- ures. It was found in 1901 at the edge of the Museum of Terni and the convent of S. Francesco and a pre-Roman shumant flocks between the pastures of the city on the bank of the Nera, and is so far the Rediscovery of the section in the town library at Palazzo central Appennines and the Etruscan and only figural image of the Nahartes people. Carrara. These buildings were closed Latial countryside, as well as a connecting Room 8 is dedicated to the sacred area on “Naharkum Numen” because of damage caused by the Allied air route between the Tyrrhenian and Adriadic top of Monte Torre Maggiore, the highest by Paolo Renzi bombardments that struck Terni in 1943-44, coasts. mountain in the area, 1121 m. above the translated by Jane K. Whitehead causing more than 2000 civilian deaths and After a lapse of 80 years, new excavations town of Cesi; for 20 years the the destruction of much of the historical cen- between 1996 and 2000 found and scientifi- Soprintendenza Archeologica dell’Umbria In the last quarter of the 19th century, ter. Since then, the city has not had a suitable cally documented another 45 tombs in the has been excavating there. They have uncov- from the excavations that were conducted place for the conservation and appreciation same area near the train station. This has ered two temples of similar plan, built in dif- about one km. to the east of the historical of its very rich archaeological patrimony and awakened a new desire in the local popula- ferent periods, within a sacred enclosure that center of Terni for the building of the great has begun to lose awareness of its truly tion to learn about, preserve, and appreciate also held many service buildings. The industrial complexes, the arms factory ancient origins. their ancient origins, as well as to demand numerous finds from this area, especially the (1875) and the steel mill (1884), there came The great necropoleis of Terni prove the the reopening of the museum. ex voto, from the most ancient schematic to light an enormous proto-historic necropo- existence of a protohistoric Umbrian culture On May 29, 2004, after 60 years, the new bronzes to the most recent in fictile materi- lis consisting originally of about a thousand that flourished in the valley of Terni in the Museo Archeologico del Comune di Terni al, suggest that here was practiced a cult tombs. The oldest burials, datable to the first millennium B.C., before the Romans was inaugurated. It is located in the build- relating to healing, perhaps connected to the Late Bronze Age (10th c. B.C.), were of a arrived in the area at the beginning of the 3rd ings of the former Siri, an abandoned indus- collection of water. The female head in Protovillanovan type: the bodies were cre- c. B.C. This culture can be identified as the trial area just outside the historical city cen- travertine found in 2001 within one of the mated and buried in biconical urns, which “Naharkum numen” (the “nation of the ter. This area, still in the process of restora- temples may be part of the cult statue. were placed in pits dug into the sandy soil Nera”) cited in the famous Iguvine Tablets tion, will eventually house a complex of The Roman section (Rooms 9-17) is dis- and sometimes furnished with modest grave (Tab. Ig. Ib 16-17; VIb 54 and 58-59; VIIa museums, including the Pinacoteca tinguished by numerous inscriptions that goods. The most recent burials, dating 12 and 47-48), the principal document for Comunale and the Paleontological museum. illustrate various aspects of the private and between the 9th and 8th centuries B.C., the language and culture of the ancient The new museum occupies more than 600 public life of Interamna. Room 11 also con- reveal the rite of inhumation, and were of Umbrians. “Nahar” is the Umbrian name of sq. m. of space and is divided into two sec- tains two male busts from Carsulae. Also the fossa type, often surrounded by a circle the river that cuts through the plain of Terni: tions: pre-Roman (Rooms 1-8) and Roman located here are recent finds from the center of stones and surmounted by a tumulus; in Latin, Nar, today, the Nera. The term (Rooms 9-17). The former section opens of the city, such as 2nd to 1st c. B.C archi- some were also furnished with rich grave would indicate the presence of sulphur in the with some scattered finds of the Neolithic tectural terracottas and fragments of painted goods. A small number of even later burials, waters, a quality that made them sacred. and Eneolithic periods and with Middle and plaster from a probable basilica. Room 12 5th-4th centuries B.C., were also found. At a Roman Terni, called Interamna Late Bronze Age finds from the area of the displays the interesting material from the lower level of the necropolis were discov- Nahartium in the ancient sources, reveals in Marmore. Also displayed are the grave ceramic dump of a domus discovered in ered traces of huts and hearths belonging to its name, not only its topographical charac- goods from the old museum that were sal- 2002. The last rooms are dedicated to a village whose ceramic production places it teristic of being built on a fluvial peninsula, vaged from the bombings and are now out of objects illustrating aspect of cults, citizen in the Conelle-Ortucchio Culture of the but also its ancient Umbrian roots: it records context and regrouped by typology. The priesthoods, and funerary practices in the Eneolithic. the ancient people of the Naharci, Latinized recent excavations of late 7th c. burials near city in Roman times. Unfortunately, the majority of the graves into Nahartes. An epigraphic note dated to the train station are documented by the A catalogue for the museum does not yet were destroyed and the finds scattered. It 32 A.D. (CIL XI 4170) places the foundation objects from 10 tombs (two of which are exist. For the finds one might consult: was to the credit of the Terni archaeologist of the city in 672-673 B.C., evidence of its reconstructed), and by objects from 8 Materiali per il Museo Archeologico di Luigi Lanzi (1848-1910) that several con- awareness of its own antiquity already in the Orientalizing burials, excavated between Terni (Arrone 1997). For the necropolis of trolled excavation campaigns in the areas of Roman Empire. Proof of the truth of this tra- 1909 and 1911, that had been displayed in the steelworks: V. Leonelli, La necropoli the two necropoleis took place under the dition is found in the traces of protohistoric the Villa Giulia Museum at Rome. della prima età del ferro delle Acciaierie a direction of Angelo Pasqui, Giuseppe habitations: foundations of huts, and ceram- In Room 7 are impasto ceramic finds from Terni (Florence 2003). For the recent proto- Bellucci, and Enrico Stefani. These allowed ics recently found within the historical cen- the protohistoric habitation in the city of historic discoveries at Terni and in the the discovery and scientific study of about ter of the city and datable to the 7th c. B.C. Terni itself; these correspond in date to the region: Gli Umbri del Tevere, Annali della 360 tombs before 1916. The finds were Objects found in the tombs indicate that most recent phases of the necropoleis. The fondazione per il Museo Claudio Faina, 8 divided between the city of Terni and the there were contacts and cultural and com- objects attest to a population in the area (Rome 2001). For the Roman inscriptions: Italian state: the latter sent them to two mercial exchange with all the other contem- from the Iron Age (9th to 8th c.) up to the C. Andreani and M. Fora, “Regio VI national museums in Rome, the Museo poraneous Italic cultures with which it threshold of Romanization (beginning of the Umbria. Interamna Nahars,” in Supplementa Etnografico Luigi Pigorini and Museo shared a border: Etruscans, Faliscans, 3rd c.). Also in this room is a priceless italica 19 (Rome 2002) 11-128. Etrusco di Villa Giulia. Picenes, Sabines. The valley of the Nera archaic relief, probably a funerary stele, The same Luigi Lanzi established the old divided into three registers. It dates probably

[continued from previous page] by Enrico Stefani to the present time. A. M. grave LXX of the Cava della Pozzolana the Tomba Bruschi, identified by inscrip- Moretti-Sgubini and L. Ricciardi publish from Cerveteri with tomb furnishings of tions as belonging to the family of the costumes as seen through storeroom redis- entries on the Archaic terracotta architectur- ornamental objects, among them the hand- Apuna. It contained a series of five sar- coveries. al decorations from buildings dedicated to some bronze lozenge-shaped belt datable to cophagi, all of which have sculpted images These larger sections are broken up into funerary cults at Tuscania. The contributions the second quarter of the 8th c. B.C. F. of women reclining on their lids. V. Vincenti short introductory chapters that recontextu- of M. P. Baglione and M. A. De Lucia Brolli Boitani and A. M. Moretti-Sgubini write on dates this tomb between the end of the 4th alize the objects according to the territory provide another important piece in the mosa- the graves of armed warriors, in particular, and the beginning of the 3rd c. B.C. accord- where they were found, their function, the ic of the archaeology of the Faliscan territo- the Tomb of the Warrior AA1 from the ing to the style of the paintings and the dress history of their discovery, and publications ry: objects from the urban sanctuary of necropolis of the Quattro Fontanili and the of the images on the sarcophagus lids. in which they have been studied. The objects Pizzo Piede di Narce. Particularly interest- Tomb of the Warrior from the Polledrara The final section, Section 3, includes are then individually documented by ing are the contemporary photos from the Tomb of Vulci. objects from the collection of Eugene descriptions, photos, drawings, and plans. 1933 excavation. A. M. Moretti-Sgubini also deals with the Berman as well as some of the archaeologi- Section 1 includes the description of the Section 2 deals with funerary rituals, cus- objects from two chamber tombs, the Tomba cal artifacts recovered from the police decorative system of the Lo Scasato II tem- toms, and costumes. Entries here deal with a Tre Camere of the Necropoli Orientale di assigned to protect and guard the national ple of Falerii and a comprehensive summary individual tomb groups, which together Castro and of Tomb 86 in the new excava- archaeological patrimony. This last section by C. Carlucci of the architectural terracot- cover a discrete chronological period and tions (Nuovo Recinto) of the Banditaccia. thus assembles a group of objects without tas of the Civita of Tarquinia, which, though provide a complete overview of the area. V. The latter reflects the commercial relations provenance and therefore without archaeo- studied, have never before been exhibited. In D’Atri ascribes the first tomb, a cremation of Etruria, and of Cerveteri in particular, logical or historical context. They all belong the same section, V. Acconcia and A. burial from the necropolis of the Osteria di with the Greek world of the sixth century to a world of “tombaroli” and antiquities Piergrossi present a wholesale rereading of Vulci, to the mid-9th century B.C. M. A. De B.C., with its two Laconian kraters, a black- dealers, a world, which, especially in the various excavations and of the objects Lucia Brolli studies the cremation burial in a figure Attic amphora, an Ionian cup, and an Etruria, has had an existence parallel to the found in the oikos-shaped building at the stone cista from the Ager Faliscus of the first East-Greek lydion. Of particular interest are official history of archaeological research. Piazza d’Armi at Veii, from its excavation half of the 8th c. B.C. L. D’Erme deals with the recently restored fresco paintings from Page 18 Announcements

World Heritage Archaeologiae ASSOCIAZIONE Committee The Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici STORICO-ARTISTICO- Recommendation Internazionali announced the inauguration of a new journal: Archaeologiae: Research CULTURALE We are pleased to inform you that by Foreign Missions in Italy, edited by INGEGNERE CARLO the World Heritage Committee has Giuseppe della Fina. The journal has been CECCHINI adopted the following recommendation created to report on archaeological investi- gations carried out in Italy by foreign uni- concerning the nomination of Cerveteri P R O C E N O ( VT ) - and Tarquinia (Italy) during its 28th versities and research institutions. It will be Session in China: characterized by an interdisciplinary ITALIA “The World Heritage Committee approach and will address themes ranging BANDO PER UN PREMIO DI “ETRUS- inscribes the Etruscan Necropoleis of from prehistory to industrial archaeology, COLOGIA ED ANTICHITA’ ITALICHE” Cerveteri and Tarquinia on the World although its attention will be focused on Terza Edizione Heritage List on the basis of cultural crite- Classical archaeology, as most foreign mis- ria i, iii and iv.” sions are concerned with the Etrusco-Italic and Roman periods and Magna Graecia. L’Associazione Storico-Artistico-Culturale Further information is available on the Ingegnere Carlo Cecchini con sede in Proceno Etruscans on the Web The journal will also publish articles on UNESCO web site (http://whc.unesco.org/) nell’intento di valorizzare e tutelare beni d’in- methodology and history of archaeological teresse artistico o storico, nonché di promuo- Some of us were pleasantly surprised to Gwenaëlle Bourdin studies. Thus, it will seek, on one hand, to vere la cultura, la ricerca scientifica e l’arte, discover something already quite familiar to Assistante du Directeur Programme P.M. participate in the lively debate taking place bandisce un premio di € 2600 (duemilaseicen- a computer-savvy younger generation: you ICOMOS Secrétariat International particularly in English-speaking countries, to) per contributi a stampa (monografie , can access Etruscan bucchero, for instance, 49-51 rue de la Fédération and, on the other, to recover nineteenth and memorie, articoli) o tesi di dottorato di ricer- through a Google search, by double-clicking ca, afferenti al campo delle antichità etr- 75015 Paris early twentieth-century investigations, like- “images.” wise conducted by foreign scholars, that usche ed italiche, pubblicati a partire dal A pair of interesting sites to explore are a were never published. Every number will 1/1/1998. Saranno presi in esame lavori - monthly bulletin on information and culture also host a news section with brief informa- nelle lingue italiana, francese, inglese, spag- nola e tedesca - di studiosi italiani o stranieri of the territory of the Lago di Bracciano at Memorial for Miriam tion on current excavation campaigns. www.lavocedellago.it, and some very beau- che non abbiano superato i trentacinque anni The official languages of the journal will di età alla scadenza del presente bando. Non tiful views of Tuscany at http://lami- Balmuth be Italian, English, French, German and saranno presi in esame i dattiloscritti, ivi com- atoscana.splendor.it. Spanish. prese le tesi di laurea, e i contributi in collab- The Balmuth family held a memorial The Scientific Committee has the ambi- orazione senza indicazione delle parti Accordia Lectures service for Miriam S, Balmuth on Saturday, tious intentions of creating a stable forum attribuite ai singoli studiosi, o non individua- November 13, 2004, 3:00 P.M., at the for archaeologists of various nationalities bili in base alla personalità scientifica di cias- 2004-2005 cuno dei firmatari. La Commissione si riserva Goddard Chapel of Tufts University, working in Italy and to further the emer- di tener conto, oltre che delle pubblicazioni, Medford, MA. The family has established gence of a new generation of archaeolo- The Accordia Research Institute, gists. del curriculum studiorum dei candidati e di an endowed fund in honor of Professor eventuali apporti alla valorizzazione e alla University of London, announces its series It is possible to subscribe to the journal at Balmuth. Donations may be sent to: The tutela del patrimonio archeologico etrusco ed “The Italy Lectures 2004-2005:” the site: www.libraweb.net. November 9: “Where are the ‘houses’? Miriam S. Balmuth Endowed Fund, c/o Jeff italico. Recent work in the Sicilian Iron Age,” Winey, Tufts University Office of La domanda redatta in carta semplice - Robert Leighton, University of Edinburgh Development, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite Monumenta Linguae contenente i dati anagrafici ed il recapito del December 14: Accordia Anniversary 2600, Medford, MA 02155. Checks should be made payable to “Trustees of Tufts Messapicae candidato, compresi eventuali numero tele- Lecture, “The ‘Paper Museum’ of Cassiano fonico, fax ed e-mail, corredata dalle pubbli- dal Pozzo (1588-1657): collecting prints University” with Miriam S. Balmuth The Istituto di Studi sulle Civiltà Italiche cazioni (in quadruplice copia, di cui una and drawings in seventeenth-century Rome, Endowed Fund noted. e del Mediterraneo Antico of the Consiglio rimarrà nell’archivio dell’Associazione e le the architectural drawings after the Antique rimanenti tre verranno a richiesta restituite Nazionale delle Ricerche and its director, of Pirro Ligorio (c. 1513-83),” Ian Temple University con spedizione a carico dell’interessato) e del Francesco Roncalli, announce the publica- Campbell, Edinburgh College of Art curriculum studiorum - dovrà pervenire entro Course tion of Monumenta Linguae Messapicae, January 18: “Revisiting the Etruscan e non oltre il 31 marzo 2005 al seguente ind- edited by Carlo de Simone and Simona Underworld,” Francesca Serra Ridgway, irizzo: Temple University, Rome, offered for the Marchesini, with the support of the Institute of Classical Studies, University of very first time, in its 2004 Summer Session, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Presidente dell’Associazione Storico- London a course dedicated to the Etruscans, Artistico-Culturale Ingegnere Carlo Cecchini. February 15: “A Punic Empire? “Etruscan Italy,” taught by Prof. Lisa Fibulae – Castello di Proceno –Corso Regina Carthaginian imperialism in Sicily and Pieraccini. The course includes lectures at Margherita 137 – I-01020 PROCENO (VT) Sardinia revisited,” Richard Miles, –ITALIA. the Villa Giulia Museum, trips to Cerveteri The Casa Editrice Polistampa, il Sistema University of Cambridge and Tarquinia, and more. This five-week March 8: “The western Phoenicians dei Musei Senesi, il Comune di Murlo, Il materiale inviato sarà preso in esame da introductory course covers the beginning of ANTEA, and the CNR - Progetto Finalizzato without texts,” Nick Vella, University of the Etruscan period in Italy up to the 2nd una Commissione composta da docenti uni- Beni Culturali announce the publication of versitari. Malta century B.C. May 3: “Phenomenology and Italian pre- the book, Fibulae - Dall’età del bronzo Contact: Temple University, Rome La Commissione deciderà l’assegnazione history: the Tavoliere-Gargano Project,” all’Alto Medioevo: tecnica e tipologia, edited Lungotevere Arnaldo da Brescia 15 by Edilberto Formigli. del premio con propria valutazione insindaca- Sue Hamilton, Institute of Archaeology 00196 Roma bile, il cui esito, con relativa motivazione, UCL. Tel.: 06-320-2808 verrà comunicato tempestivamente. La con- Etruscan Foundation segna del premio al vincitore avverrà in una cerimonia pubblica in Proceno entro la pri- The Castellani and Italian Archaeological Jewelry The Reception of the Etruscan Foundation mavera del 2004 . Nella stessa occasione il will take place at the Annual Meetings of the vincitore esporrà il contenuto della sua pro- Exhibit at the Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, Design, and Culture, 18 duzione scientifica. West 86, Street, New York City, from November 18, 2004 through February 6, 2005. Gallery AIA-APA in Boston, at the Sheraton Hotel, Guide $10.00, Catalogue $90.00. Dalton Room, January 8, 6-8 PM. Page 19 cessful colloquium on “Etruria and Umbria in Report from the pre-Roman times; City and Territory” at Louvain-la-Neuve (13-14 February 2004). Netherlands and Lecturers were M. Pacciarelli (protohistoric Etruria), A. Maggiani (Volterra and its territo- Belgium ry), L. Donati (Poggio Civitella near Montalcino), L. Cappuccini (Chiusi and terri- by L. Bouke van der Meer tory), P. Perkins (the territory of Vulci), F. Prayon (Castellina del Marangone), A. Naso The Allard Pierson Museum at Amsterdam (the area of Monti della Tolfa), M. Bonomi- has acquired a red impasto pithos decorated in Ponzi (Apennine Umbria), D. Manconi (Valle the white-on-black technique, in the Umbra), D. Manconi (Spello and Spoleto), D. Orientalizing style, made at Cerveteri, dated Briquel (written sources on the history of between 650 and 625 BC. It also acquired a urbanization in Umbria), M. Torelli (Etruria bone plectrum, a type of plucking implement and Umbria in the 6th and 5th c. BC), G. to set in motion the strings of a lyre or cithara. Bradley (history of Umbria), and S. Stoddart It was found in Southern Etruria and can pos- (Gubbio revisited). P. Fontaine, F. van sibly dated to the 6th century BC. Both arti- Wontherghem and Cl. de Ruyt presented the facts will be published by Herman Brijder and general introduction (“Rethinking the phe- René van Beek in the Mededelingenblad van nomenon of urbanization in Etruria and het Allard Pierson Museum. The museum has Umbria”). The papers of the colloquium and now lent many pieces to the current Etruscan discussions will be published. exposition at Hamburg. Prof. Dr. Paul Fontaine organized a suc-

now also a graduate student at the University of Michigan, has been awarded this year’s Jack Winkler Prize by the Women’s Classical Invitation to Attend the Caucus of the American Philological ISEI REception at AIA- Association for her NYU essay on Metapontum. Diana Ng, also at the APA Meetings in Boston University of Michigan, is the recipient of the Red impasto pithos, white on black, Orientalizing Period, from Cerveteri, 650-625 B.C. prestigious Olivia James Traveling The U.S. Section of the Istituto di Studi Allard Pierson Museum, Amsterdam. Fellowship. Ng has previously worked in Etruschi ed Italici and the newsletter, Cyprus and Italy, but will use the fellowship Etruscan News, will meet in connection Students in Action she explores the “mano cornuta” gesture, the to travel through Turkey, where she will study with the Annual Meeting of the hand-to-forearm gesture, the gesture of the the public architecture of Roman Asia Minor Archaeological Institute of America and Compiled by Elizabeth de Grummond arm extended with the palm facing outward, in light of its use as governmental propagan- the American Philological Association at Alexis M. Christensen and the gesture of grasping another’s wrist in da. the Sheraton Hotel in Boston, January 6-9, Etruscan art. She compares these motifs in Elizabeth Greene, Tufts University, partic- 2005. We will host a dessert reception on Students who wish to be included in future Etruscan art to those of other contemporary ipated in excavations last summer at Poggio January 8, from 10:00 P.M. to midnight in editions of Students in Action should cultures in order to determine their signifi- Civitate. She is just finishing her Master’s the Gardner Room. The reception is co- email Elizabeth de Grummond at cance. degree at Tufts, and she will begin the Ph.D. sponsored by the Program in Ancient [email protected] In addition to delivering a paper at the ISEI program in the Department of Classics at the Studies, New York University. graduate conference, Hilary Becker, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill A number of students involved in the field University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, is this fall. of Etruscan and Italic studies participated in at work on a dissertation about the economy the recent graduate student conference “The of North Etruria. She has also been teaching a Etruscans and the Others” sponsored by the course in Roman Art, and this summer she Answers to puzzle on page 3 American Section of the Istituto di Studi will again be the finds director for excavations Etruschi ed Italici and held in New York City conducted at the Etruscan and Roman site of in April. (A review of this conference appears Torre di Donoratico under the direction of elsewhere in this issue.) Nicola Terrenato. Jeffrey Becker, now in his Alexis M. Christensen, Ph.D. candidate at fifth year as a doctoral student at the Florida State University, presented a paper University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, is entitled “Going in Circles: Rewards for beginning to write a dissertation that exam- Heroism in Etruscan Rome and Scythia?” at ines the nature and form of Middle the ISEI graduate conference. Lorraine E. Republican architecture in central Italy. He Knop, Florida State University, is writing an also continues his involvement in the study of MA paper entitled “Lightning in Etruria” in early Roman villa architecture, based on work which she examines the impact of foreign cul- done at the Villa delle Grotte in Grottarossa tures on Etruscan views of lightning and the with Nicola Terrenato. This summer he will ways in which the Etruscans influenced participate in excavations at the Meta Sudans Roman lightning concepts. Knop also present- in Rome. ed a paper on this topic at the ISEI graduate Elizabeth de Grummond, University of conference. Katie Rask, likewise an MA stu- Michigan, delivered a paper entitled “Deos dent at Florida State University, is currently at Sine Simulacro: Animism, Anthropo work on her MA paper, “Liminal Space in morphism, and the Nature of Early Roman Etruria,” for which she is collecting the evi- Religion,” at the Archaeological Institute of dence for door gods, crossroad rituals, and America conference held in San Francisco in boundary deities in an effort to explore the January. She continues to work on a disserta- sacred nature of Etruscan liminal space. tion on the topic of temples and religion in Wayne L. Rupp Jr., a Ph.D. candidate at early Rome. She is also currently the chair of Florida State University, will be spending the Student Affairs Interest Group of the AIA, next year as an instructor at the Intercollegiate a group that she recently helped to found that Center for Classical Studies in Rome. now includes 35 members from some 20 dif- Elizabeth Wilson, Florida State University, is ferent institutions. Lyra Monteiro, a recent writing an MA paper entitled “Four Gestures graduate of New York University’s and their Meanings in Etruscan Art,” in which Anthropology and Classics Departments and Page 20