VOLUME: 5WINTER, 2006 An Etruscan Herbal? Presentation of Italia ante by Kyle P. Johnson New York University Romanum imperium Among the approximately 200 Etruscan words which have come down to us are over fifty glosses, synonyms of Greek and Latin words from ancient authors found in the margins of medieval man- uscripts and preserved in the manuscript tradition. 1 Among these glosses, thirteen plant names are of particular inter- est. They are preserved in two codices (R and V) of Dioscorides of Anazarbus’ de Materia Medica, a first-century compendium of pharmacologi- cal uses of plants, minerals, and animal products.2 These glosses have a fascinating history and are of value not only to philolo- gists of the Etruscan lan- The Bay of Pyrgi seen from the Castle of Santa Severa, with a storm at sea. The arrows guage, but also to scholars of indicate the site of the monumental sanctuary (left) and the Area Sud (right). In the Roman religious practice. background, the Monti Ceriti. (Photo G. Colonna 1993). The source of the glosses in the de Materia Medica is a matter for speculation. The likeli- Italia ante Romanum imperium. Scritti di sion by reading a letter by Giovanni Pugliese est candidate is the first-century CE lexicog- Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L. © 1995- antichità etrusche, italiche e romane (1958- Carratelli, who could not be present. rapher Pamphilus of Alexandria, who com- 2005 Missouri Botanical Garden 1998) , 6 vols., by Giovanni Colonna. Roma, Giovanni Colonna, Professor of Etruscan http://www.illustratedgarden.org/) piled a now-lost lexicon in ninety-five Pisa, Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Studies at the Sapienza University in Rome, is 3 books. Around the end of the third century Internazionali, 2005. known for his many publications, and for his or perhaps as early as the end of the second, a The glosses add little to our knowledge of June 8th, 2005 saw the presentation, at the excavations in Pyrgi, the harbor town of group of glosses (presumably taken from the Etruscan language, for only a handful of University of Bologna, of the collected writ- Cerveteri. The wider scholarly world proba- Pamphilus) became associated with one par- those in Dioscorides appear to be authentical- ings of Giovanni Colonna, Italy’s leading bly knows him best for the spectacular dis- ticular recension of the de Materia Medica. 4 ly Etruscan. The others, though labeled as Etruscan scholar. Giuseppe Sassatelli, a for- covery of the three gold tablets with bilingual, Along with the translations of Etruscan Etruscan, are clearly of Greek or Latin ori- mer pupil of Colonna, Professor of Etruscan Etruscan and Phoenician, inscriptions found 5 Studies and currently also Preside of the at Pyrgi in 1964. He studied in Rome with words, the glosses claim to provide synonyms gin. These mistaken attributions could be Facoltà di Lettere at Bologna, opened the ses- Massimo Pallottino, and in turn has taught from a variety of languages, such as Egyptian, due to either the original lexicographer or many of the leading Etruscan archaeologists [See “Herbal ” on page 8] Gaulish, Latin, and Dacian. in Italy today. The astonishing amount of Colonna’s scholarly output is only partially reflected in the 2694 pages of the six volumes, which nev- ertheless give a good idea of the vast range of his interests. Moreover, his complete bibliog- raphy, in the first volume, makes it possible to find easily articles not included in this collec- tion. The first section offers articles on the archaeology and the history of the Etruscans and other peoples of ancient Italy. The second deals with Etruscan art and architecture. The third is devoted to the language, epigraphy and religion of the Etruscans. The last concen- trates on the excavation of Pyrgi. Those readers who know Colonna will be surprised and delighted to find a portrait of Gildo D'Annunzio, “Nanni” (1949). Oil him as a serious and bespectacled teenager in painting. (Collection of Giovanni 1949. Colonna, Rome.) Letterto the Editors We’re glad we’re on this trip. CHORUS: Etruria’s the place for me There is so much here to see I am sure you all agree We’re glad we’re on this trip. Charlene Krinitz New York To the Editors: About the centrality of Etruscan studies: do not forget the “Dodecapolis.” This is the first example of a confederation in Italy and Jeff Hill Europe, and this programme started 2500 Editors’ note: Although Jeff Hill found the years ago in Tuscany and Lazio and was fatal flaw, he did not propose a solution to fix enlarged to Northern and to Southern Italy it. The contest remains open!! with the chief towns Mantua and Capua! This means that they already had an exact concern To the Editors: of Confederation, which in Latin is “united I thought you would find this menu inter- pacts.” (The most important pacts and rules esting. Chef Walter Potenza has an Etruscan were religious.) restaurant here [in Providence], has his own Etruscan tour group, Archeological Tours, June 2005 Best personal regards, TVshow and is very creative. Guido Belfiore Below is the menu [of a Roman dinner he To the Editors: too rosy Prato, Italy prepared]: Here is the group song for our We’re glad we’re on this trip. Archaeological Tours trip through Etruscan To the Editors: Foods of Ancient Rome CHORUS: places: As for your devilishly clever crossword, I Hors d’oeuvres Etruria’s the place for me THE BATTLE HYMN OF ETRURIA believe that the fatal flaw may consist in 5 Assorted pork salami prepared in the style of There is so much here to see Etruscan art is very old I’m sure you’ll all agree down – the clue obviously demands as an the Romans, served with breads of the I am sure you all agree The Vatican Museum is where we saw all we could see answer the famous PhERSNA, “Brad Pitt” times We’re glad we’re on this trip. CENSORED (whom I would bet an Etruscan AS, if I had Nasti Panes (sweet bread) Panis Plebeius (bread of the poor) We’re glad we’re on this trip. Laura’s not imposing yet she’s always near the scene one, that a certain female author and most Confusaneus (bread of the rich) Lets you sit in front if she sees that you’re turning green female readers of this fourth issue had a men- Funerary ashes were placed in a house shaped urn Pecorino Romano stagionato con melocotog- She is good at counting if it’s only to 19 tal picture of), but ACHLE seems to fit Everybody knows that some day they will get their turn no: Roman sheep milk cheese, aged in We’re glad we’re on this trip. instead, except that a good Etruscan scribe First you die, they light a match and then they watch you such as yourself should have used the single caves, served with quince paste) burn Went to Marzabotto, it’s a place that’s very grave Etruscan letter (Greek Chi) for “CH”. Banchetto Romano We’re glad we’re on this trip. They put stones down on the streets in order not to pave I hope my joke about Brad Pitt wasn’t too Minutal Marinum: rich seafood soup made Talking on the mike Larissa first would do a test Then we had a picnic lunch we all thought was a rave dense – he was the star who played Achilles in with perch and oysters Speaking at the right length wasn’t easy she confessed We’re glad we’re on this trip. the recent movie “Troy,” and slew Eric Bana, Patina de piris imperiale: savory pear and asparagus tart with hard cooked eggs and After a few tries she found 6 inches was her best Walking down the streets of Florence, we saw on the Hector, Achilles being the answer to the clue ricotta. Served with grape sauce. We’re glad we’re on this trip. walls in your crossword, in Etruscan, spelled as AChLE… Pullum Numidicum: guinea hen with sweet Talking of Apollo there was quite a lot to say Family crests of Medici they put in all their halls As we were discussing him Larissa led the way Our guide said you see much better if you’ve fewer balls When we asked where he came from Larissa said, “Oy We’re glad we’re on this trip. ETRUSCAN NEWS Veii!” Through the archeological museum Elena made us march Editorial Board, Issue #5, December2005 We’re glad we’re on this trip. We got very thirsty and our throats were dry as starch President of the U.S. Larissa Bonfante [email protected] On to Ceveteri where we went from tomb to tomb But we learned that Dr. Scholl invented the first arch Section of the Istituto di Classics Department When we went down into them around us all was gloom We’re glad we’re on this trip. Studi Etruschi ed Italici, New York University Even when you died you still could not have your own CHORUS: ex officio 25 Waverly Place room Etruria’s the place for me New York, NY10003 We’re glad we’re on this trip. There is so much here to see I am sure you all agree CHORUS: Editor-in-Chief Jane Whitehead [email protected] We’re glad we’re on this trip. Etruria’s the place for me Modern and Classical Languages There is so much here to see Stayed in Torgiano in a place fit for a nun Valdosta State University I am sure you all agree It was a great place to rest from being on the run Valdosta, GA 31698 We’re glad we’re on this trip. Even in the shower people had a lot of fun Language Page Editor Rex Wallace [email protected] Saw some ancient sites where many ruts just seemed to We’re glad we’re on this trip Classics Department start The Cannicella Venus is a statue that is bare University of Massachusetts Did they play a major role or only a small part? She is very sacred cause she has her pubic hair Amherst, MA 01003 Could be that’s the reason all their food’s served “a la Considering her age she doesn’t look the worse for wear carte!” We’re glad we’re on this trip. Editor for the Fellows Elizabeth de G. Colantoni [email protected] We’re glad we’re on this trip. Outside Orvieto was the city of the dead Classics Department When it comes to olden times Larissa is prosaic We didn’t want to go there cause we wanted to be fed Oberlin College Especially when she talks about the times that are archa- It was so hot walking that we all became beet red Oberlin. OH 44074 ic We’re glad we’re on this trip. Laura also comes along she’s our apotropaic Guest Editor, Francesco de Angelis [email protected] Luca is our driver and the job he does is great We’re glad we’re on this trip. Book Reviews Art History and Archaeology Always picks us up on time, he isn’t ever late Columbia University The artifacts in Murlo seemed to have the same refrain Except the time he had a flat and left us at the gate New York, NY10027 It was set up on a hill midst beautiful terrain We’re glad we’re on this trip. The most exotic object found was that of our John Wayne Tomorrow some of us will get our last chance to see Submissions, news, pictures, or other material appropriate to this newsletter may be sent to We’re glad we’re on this trip Roma any of the editors listed above. The email address is preferred. For submission guidelines, In Volterra there’s a place to see the statue Sposi It’s an opportunity to see St. Peter’s doma see Etruscan News 3 (2003) 9. Nominations for membership in the Section may be sent to He and his purported wife, they didn’t look too cozy Then we board our planes and most of us will head for Larissa Bonfante at the above address. What’s the difference, when you’re dead the future’s not homa Page 2 and sour sauce Filetti di maiale e noci con condimento di prugne in ristretto di melograno: tender A r t i c l e s pork filet seared with rosemary and walnuts in a sauce of prunes and pomegranate. Dessert APossible South Cassata alla Romana: Roman style cake filled with ricotta, candied fruit and marzipan Ebtrusy Angelcaa MnuroTckomHussbein Group Euchytes: sweet fritters served with honey Selection of wines from Central and Southern Italy Greek-style pottery workshops have long Pamelee MacFarland been recognized in Etruria, where there was a 1 Providence, RI huge demand for such products. This phe- nomenon has its origin with the Greek To the Editors: Geometric Period when intensive trade rela- When does my subscription end? I’m going tions between Greece and the Tyrrhenian to be travelling and I don’t want to let my began. The corpus of Italian Geometric pieces favourite periodical lapse by mistake. is increasing as many more pieces from Maria King Constantinidis Etruria are being identified and published. 2 South Yarmouth, MA Greek style pottery that was made in Etruria To the Editors: can be differentiated from pottery imported In the Archaeological Museum in Sofia I from Greece by such characteristics as its attended the presentation of Kitov’s newest Italian fabric or Etruscan shapes. Meanwhile, website: http://www.thracetemp.or g the decoration on Etruscan vases of Greek Nikola Theodossiev style is often as fine as those produced by the fig. 1 Sofia, Bulgaria finest painters in Greece, and is evidence of the presence of Greek immigrant craftsmen in
Etruscan centers.3 In order to gain a more Letterto our Readers complete picture of the Greek pottery work- Winter 2006 shops in Etruria, it is important not only to Dear Readers, identify excavated pieces but to connect those We realize with horror that it has been a year since our last issue. It has been quite a year pieces that lack context. in the lives of your editors: marriage, deaths, relocation, tenure, a new excavation… There Three unprovenanced Greek Geometric have been three deaths in the families of your two editors, and for our associate editor of style vases may not only be representatives of “Students in Action,” completion of the PhD, marriage, and a position at Oberlin. the same workshop, but also products from In this issue we are happy to introduce a guest editor of Book Reviews. Francesco de the same Etruscan tomb group. Two are today Angelis is a product of the Scuola Normale in Pisa, has held a two-year fellowship at the in American museums. These vessels possibly Getty, and is now on the Art History faculty of Columbia University. Aprofessor of Roman originate in a larger collection from Rome, History, he has published important works on Etruscan subjects, and is creating a web site much of which is in the National Etruscan on the urns of Chiusi: http://charun.sns.it. Museum at the Villa Giulia. Certainly from Afirst for us: an article from Etruscan News 3 was cited in Studi Etruschi. An unpublished this Roman collection is a third piece that is inscription, sent to us in a note by Dominique Briquel, was commented on in the section on closely connected to the above-mentioned Etruscan epigraphy (REE) of Studi Etruschi (2004). We want to mention two other journals vases. The commonalities between these three that have been reporting important news on Etruscan subjects: Jean MacIntosh Turfa is now vessels, as well as their similar histories, may in charge of Etruscan reviews in the Bryn Mawr Classical Review (BMCR) : indicate a single find spot. fig. 2 ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/ ARCHEO has continued to publish extraordinary photographs and The first piece is in the Cleveland Museum articles on Etruscan material, including such recent finds as the Sarteano Tomb (See article of Art, Acc # 1993.1 (fig. 1) and was pur- by Alessandra Minetti in Etruscan News 4). One of our most enthusiastic readers, Jeff Hill, chased at auction in 1992.4 This bird-shaped writes us from Australia that he is willing to prepare an index for the past issues of Etruscan askos has been well known since the Norbert News. Jeff Hill is also the winner of our crossword puzzle competition in the last issue. Schimmel collection, of which it was a part, Several important exhibits and reopenings are scheduled for the near future: the imminent was published in the 1970s.5 It represents an reopening of the Getty Villa and its galleries of ancient art; the inauguration in 2007 of the extremely fine example of Greek-style Metropolitan Museum’s renovated Roman and Etruscan galleries, with the newly-restored Geometric painting. The second piece is a bar- Monteleone chariot as its centerpiece; the Bunte Götter , or Colored Gods, exhibit which rel-shaped oinochoe from the collection of the started in Munich and has been traveling. We ask our readers to let us know about other Metropolitan Museum of Art, Acc # 1975.363 upcoming events and exhibits, and welcome their brief reports and reviews. (fig. 2). The Metropolitan barrel vase was a Finally, we sadly report the deaths of colleagues. Timothy Gantz, whose obituary appears gift from the Norbert Schimmel Foundation to in this issue, worked at Murlo as a graduate student; his splendid Early Greek Myth has the Metropolitan Museum in 1975. 6 The vase become the standard text, and is enormously useful for our understanding of Etruscan is a similarly well executed Geometric style iconography. Acolleague from Belgium reported the loss of Roger Lambrechts, whose many piece that matches the Cleveland askos in important contributions to Etruscan studies included the original conception of a Corpus quality and artistic style. The two vases were Speculorum Etruscorum , or Corpus of Etruscan Mirrors (CSE); he also later created a web acquired at the same time, although there is no site for Etruscan and Praenestine mirrors: pot-pourri.fltr.ucl.ac.be/mirroirs/ Helmut Rix indication given as to their source. 7 leaves his invaluable reference work, Etruskische Texte, as a legacy to us. It is especially The barrel vase and bird askos shapes have painful to mention the death of Giuliano Bonfante in Rome: he was glad to write the linguis- exact parallels in Etruria, not in Greece or tic section of The Etruscan Language : An Introduction, because, as he said, it was interest- Magna Graecia. Tomb X from the Olmo Bello ing for an Indoeuropean scholar to be working on a non-Indoeuropoean language. Bisenzio, today in the Villa Giulia, has two Please join us at the Annual Meeting of the AIA in Montreal. Our late evening reception bird askoi and a barrel vase. 8 Arecently pub- will be January 7, 10:00-12:00 P.M., where we look forward to seeing many of you. lished tomb, Tomba 6 Settembre from Vulci, Although Etruscan News can now be viewed on its own web site, we ourselves are very fond has also produced a bird askos.9 Therefore, of the tabloid format, and will continue to send out the paper copy to those who subscribe. both the Cleveland and the New York pieces Your subscription, and any donations, will also support activities such as the annual recep- are very high quality examples of Greek-style tion and graduate student symposia, and what we hope to be an expanded series of events: pieces made in Etruria. lectures, tours… Any suggestions? It is notable that the Cleveland askos and the New York barrel vase, as well as their Sincerely yours, above-mentioned parallels, are painted in a fig. 3 The Editors [continued on next page] Page 3 fig. 5 fig. 7 fig. 4
fig. 6
style related to Euboean Late Geometric fig- teristically Euboean scene of the rampant 1.For the most recent summary of this phe- 42&display= ural painting. The decorative repertoire of goats which appears on the New York barrel nomenon, F. Canciani, “La Ceramica Italo- 5. O. W. Muscarella (ed.), Ancient Art: The these pieces is a stylistic strain of Euboean vase (figs. 6-7). Geometrica,” 9-15; M. Martelli, “La Norbert Schimmel Collection (Mainz 1975) derivation. They all show an artistic affinity Many pieces from Cima-Pesciotti, a private Ceramica Etrusco-corinzia,” 23-30; M. A. No. 65bis. J. Stettgast, Von Troja bis Amarna. for certain motifs, such as pendent triangles, collection held in Rome and made up primari- Rizzo, “La Ceramica a Figure Nere,” 31-42; The Norbert Schimmel Collection, New York hatched maeanders or swastikas, checker- ly of finds from southern Etruria, were pur- “La Ceramica a Figure Rosse;” all in M. (Mainz 1978) No. 67. boards, thick vertical wavy lines and cross- chased by the Italian government for the Villa Martelli (ed.), La Ceramica degli Etruschi 6. Annual Report of the Trustees of the hatched triangles. Thus, these pieces and Giulia in 1972.13 Many of the pieces from the (Rome 1987). Metropolitan Museum of Art 1975-76, 45. other similar vases have been identified with Collection, however, were sold on the antiqui- 2. Åkerstrom’s work on the subject remains “Ancient Art: Gifts from the Norbert a large South Etrurian workshop for Greek ties market in 1964. 14 The New York barrel an important starting point. A. Åkerstrom, Schimmel Collection,” The Metropolitan style ceramics, the Workshop of the Vulci vase and the Cleveland askos may have been Der geometrische Stil in Italien (Leipzig Museum of Art Bulletin (Vol. 49, No. 4) No. Biconical. 10 purchased from part of the Cima-Pesciotti 1943). New pieces, however, have been added 52, 60. http://www.metmuseum.or g/toah/ho The Cleveland and New York vases lack group, since we only know that they were in to the corpus of known pieces. M. Falconi /04/eust/ho_1975.363.htm provenance. The only parallels are those men- the Schimmel collection before the early sev- Amorelli, “Corredi di tre tombe rinvenute a 7. See Note 5 above, Ancient Art. tioned from Vulci and Bisenzio in the hinter- enties. If this is the case, it is likely that the Vulci nella necropoli di Mandrione di 8. Åkerstrom, above note 1, 55-59, Taf. 12-13. land around Vulci. The two pieces from Pesciotti oinochoe is part of the same tomb Cavalupo,” StEtr (1969) 181-211. “Materiali 9. Moretti Sgubini, above note 2, 188-199. American museums demonstrate a higher assemblage as the two pieces in America. archeologici da Vulci,” StEtr (1971) 193-211. Another barrel oinochoe from Italy, also con- degree of artistic skill than the parallels and so Asimilar oinochoe with the checkerboard F. Canciani, “Un biconico dipinto da Vulci,” nected to Euboean painting, was discovered in were probably made in a wealthy cosmopoli- on the shoulder and a handle strut was found DialArch (1974-5) 79-84. F. Canciani, “Tre Pithekoussai; G. Buchner, “Recent Works at tan center. The workshop of the Vulci biconi- with a bird askos in Tomba 6 Settembre from nuovi vasi “italo-geometrici” del Museo di Pithekoussai (Ischia), 1965-71,” ARepLond cal was located at the powerful Etruscan cen- Vulci. 15 The Geometric style bird askos can Villa Giulia,” Prospettiva (1976) 26-29. M. (1970-71) 64-65. This one, however, lacks the ter of Vulci, so this was likely the source for be associated with barrel oinochoai and Fugazzola Delpino, “Vasi Biconici Tardo- high conical foot of the Etruscan pieces which both vases. With the parallel grouping in checkerboard oinochoai in two, albeit sepa- Geometrici,” ArchCl (1976) 3-9. “Crateri in was apparently an Etruscan tendency. See Bisenzio, it is a more compelling argument rate, tombs. The pieces are possibly related in argilla figulina del Gemetrico Recente a Murock Leatherman above note 2, 143. that these originate in the same wealthy tomb some type of table service, however. Tomb X Vulci,” MEFRA (1978) 465-514. F. Delpino, 10. Murock Leatherman, above note 2, 24-89. from Vulci. at Olmo Bello included a barrel vase and two “Ceramiche tardo geometrico in Etruria: tre Isler above note 2, 27-28. The third piece, an oinochoe from the bird askoi. Instead of an oinochoe, Tomb X biconici,” PP (1981)102-5. A. Sgubini 11. M. Moretti (ed.), Nuove Scoperte e Cima-Pesciotti collection, which is today in contained a wide-mouthed jug, also decorated Moretti, “Ricerche Archeologiche a Vulci: Acquisizioni nell’Etruria Meridionale (Rome the Villa Giulia Museum, Inv. 74092 (fig. 3), in Greek style. 16 The jug would have fulfilled 1985-1990,” in M. Martelli (ed.), Tyrrhenoi 1975) 197, Tav. 47. F. Canciani, “Tre nuovi is closely linked to the New York and the same function as an oinochoe. All of the Philotechnoi (Rome 1994). A. Moretti vasi “italo-geometrici” del Museo di Villa Cleveland vases.11 This Villa Giulia vase has pieces from Tomb 6 Settembre were found in Sgubini, Veio, Cerveteri, Vulci: città d’Etruria Giulia,” Prospettiva 4 (1976) 27-28. already been recognized as belonging to the a fragmentary state. 17 It cannot be ruled out a confronto (Rome 2001). 12. Isler, note 10 above. same workshop as the Cleveland and New that a barrel vase was included in the contents 3. Along with new identifications, there have 13. M. Moretti (ed.), Nuove Scoperte e York pieces.12 Although this piece is Greek in of the tomb. also been attempts to classify the Italian Acquisizioni nell’Etruria Meridionale (Rome shape, it was painted almost certainly by the The Cleveland askos is related to the New Geometric pieces. H. Isler, “Ceramisti Greci 1975) 179. same hand as the Cleveland askos and the York barrel vase by acquisition history. The in Etruria,” NumAntCl (1983) 9-48. A. 14. A. M. Moretti Sgubini (ed.), The Villa New York barrel vase. All of the motifs Pesciotti oinochoe is related to those two by Murock Leatherman, “Italian Geometric Giulia National Etruscan Museum Short appearing on this vase match the repertoire of style and artist. All most likely originated in Pottery: Workshops and Interactions,” Guide (Rome 2001) 50. the other two pieces. The large figural panels Vulci and were possibly all part of the Unpublished Dissertation, Brown University, 15. A. M. Moretti Sgubini, Veio, Cerveteri, on the neck and handle of the oinochoe are the Pesciotti collection before that collection was 2004. Vulci: città d’Etruria a confronto (Rome most telling. The heads of the water birds on sold in the sixties and seventies. These three 4. Antiquities from the Norbert Schimmel 2001) 188-199, III.b.1.4, III.b.1.3. the oinochoe are rendered in exactly the same vessels were all painted by the same artist and Collection, Sotheby’s, Wednesday December 16. Akerstrom, op.cit., 58 Taf. 12.2. way as on the Cleveland askos (figs. 4-5). therefore also may come from the same 16, 1992, New York, No. 39. 17. Op. cit . This oinochoe also bears animal figures that wealthy Vulcente tomb group. http://www.clevelandart.or g/Explore/ were experimentally derived from the charac- departmentW ork.asp?deptgroup=14&recNo= Page 4 L a n g u a g e P a g e
letters of the inscription appear raised: this 2. The text given by previous editors was mis- Aneglected Etruscan point, together with the strange direction of taken, and has to be corrected. inscription writing which is contrary to the normal 3. S. Gsell, Bulletin archéologique du by Dominique Briquel Etruscan use, shows that the name of this Comité des Travaux Historiques et Pumpun son of Larth was inscribed on the Scientifiques (1906) CCLXXIII-CCLXXIV; This inscription is by no means a recent mold with which the object was made. These P. Wuilleumier, Description de l’Afrique du discovery — it was published in 19061 — details lead one to see this disc as a kind of Nord entreprise par ordre de M. le Ministre de but it had been neglected by Etruscologists. tessera hospitalis , i.e. an object permitting to l’Instruction publique et des Beaux-Arts, It was never included in corpora of Etruscan two persons linked by relations of hospitality Musées et collections archéologiques de inscriptions, even the 1991 Etruskische to recognize each other. The existence of such l’Algérie et de la Tunisie , 22, Musée d’Alger, Texte, by H. Rix and his collaborators, objects in antiquity is widely attested; Supplément (Paris 1928) 20-21; M. Le Glay, which is the most complete work avalaible Plautus’ Poenulus (v. 955-8, 1049-55) gives a “Les religions orientales dans l’Afrique anci- Inscription G15. (Photograph courtesy of today about Etruscan epigraphy; nor was it good example of their use by Punic and Greek enne d’après les collections du Musée the ROM) quoted in books or articles about Etruscans. traders travelling abroad. The discovery of a Stéphane Gsell,” Les conférences-visites du It offers a very short text: 2 only two words, tessera hospitalis inscribed with an Etruscan Musée Stéphane Gsell (Algiers 1956) 8-9; J. ‘Larth Velchite, (son) of Vipinei’ pumpun larthal , with letters written left to name in Gouraya attests the persistence of Desanges, Pline l’Ancien, Histoire naturelle, 3.1 Two scribes were responsible for incising right, in a classical onomastic formula, links between Etruria and Punic or Punicized livre V, 1-46 (Paris 1980) 161, n. 20. See also G15. The family name velchite and the “Pumpun son of Larth.” Its interest, howev- Africa long after the great period of Etrusco- A. Schulten, “Archäologische Funde im Jahre metronymic vipinal were written by one hand. The er, does not lie in its meaning, which brings Carthaginian relations, in the time of the bat- 1906,” Archäologischer Anzeiger (1907 2) c. letters in these words were incised in a reasonably nothing new to our knowledge of the tle of Alalia (535 B.C.). At this time both peo- 174-175, Y. Liébert, “Une inscription latine neat fashion (photograph 2, above). They are, for Etruscan language, but in the place where it ples, who were then the dominant powers on d’Algérie,” Revue des Études Latines 74 the most part, uniform in size and spaced equidis- was found: it was discovered in a tomb of the Tyrrhenian sea, had concluded alliance (1996 [1997]) 38-46, M.Dorbane and J.-P. tant from one another. The personal name larth the necropolis of Gouraya, ancient Gunugu, treaties, mentioned by Aristotle ( Politics , 3, 5, Laporte, catalogue of the exhibition L’Algérie was added by another hand. The letters were crude- 150 km. west from Algiers on the 11). In the tombs of Gouraya was found abun- en héritage, art et histoire (Paris 2004) edited ly incised and were positioned awkwardly with Mediterranean coast, in modern Algeria. dant pottery of the so-called Campana B ware by N. Ferhat, E. Delpont, Y. Koikas (Arles respect to one another (photograph 3, next page). Thus it was taken into account almost exclu- of the 2nd to 1st c. B.C., which seems to have 2003) 185, n°99. The alpha and the rho are larger than other letters sively by specialists of African antiquities – been produced in Etruria. Even in a in the inscription. The scribe who incised this word Stéphane Gsell in 1906, Pierre Wuillemier Mediterranean world now controlled by failed to write within the boundaries of the upper in 1928, Marcel Le Glay in 1956, Jehan Rome, Etruscans could still maintain trade band that encircles the urn. The band is demarcat- Desanges in 1980 3 – and was not noticed by relations with partners in Africa; the inscribed ed by a groove, above which most of the letters specialists of ancient Etruria. Nevertheless, disc of Gouraya bears witness to it. were written. The tail of the rho and the oblique it throws an interesting light on the persist- 1. I could study this document, which is kept bars of the alpha of larth descend far below the ing relations between Etruria and Africa in in the Musée National des Antiquités of groove. In contrast to the alpha of vipinal , in the late period to which this document Algiers, thanks to the courtesy of N. Drias, which the medial bar is horizontal (A), the medial belongs (2nd to 1st c. B.C.). director of the museum, to whom I am very bar of the alpha of larth descends sharply toward The text is written on a small bronze disc grateful. Acomplete study will appear in the the right in the opposite direction of writing. (diam. 7 cm), which bears on its other face Inscription from Gouraya: Pumpun larthal Annales du Musée National des Antiquités . The letterforms in velchite · vipinal may be the heads of two rams facing each other. The classified as Tipo II, settentrionale, II sec. a.C . accurate transcription of this inscription is in (3). (Maggiani 1990), but some shapes do not match Etruscan Inscriptions in the 11 1 those in the model script. For example, the top- (3) vetnei : viscna{·}l : sech ‘Vetnei, most oblique stroke in epsilon and wau is not bRy oReyxa Wal llOacne tario Museum daughter of Viscna’ bowed. And whereas the lowermost oblique stroke of wau is elongated, this is not the case for epsilon. 1. At the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, I 2.3 The family to which the deceased belonged All of the oblique bars of this letter are roughly viewed (8/14/01) two Etruscan inscriptions on is well represented in funerary inscriptions at equal in length. Tau has the form T, the oblique dis- cinerary urns of a cylindrical type (olla) common Clusium. The name, in various morphological secting the vertical at the top without sloping too 9 to Chiusi. The urns were published in Hayes 1985 incarnations, is attested in 18 inscriptions ( vetnal noticeably in the direction of writing. under the catalogue entry numbers G13 and G15. 2 gen. sg.: ET Cl 1.773, 1.1452, 1.2657, ETP 187; Another inscription on a cinerary urn of this same vetnalisa gen. sg. + articular pro.: Cl 1.1029. 3.2 G15 is also a funerary text. The deceased is type, G14, 3 was published by Hayes in Studi 1.1840, 1.2305, 1.2306; vetnei : Cl 1.1686; vetinal remembered by his personal name and family name Etruschi (Hayes 1975) and so was included in gen. sg.: Cl 1.941; vetinei : Cl 1.1688, 1.1689; larth velchite , which are followed by a Rix’s compendium of Etruscan texts (ET Cl vetenei : Cl 1.1691; vetanal gen. sg.: Cl 1.1312, metronymic vipinal , the feminine form of the fam- 1.2484). 4 G13 and G15 seem to have been over- 1.1313, 1.1350; and vetanei : Cl 1.107, 1.322). 10 ily name of the deceased’s mother ( vipinei ). The looked. The name is also found nearby at Perusia (Pe vet- family name of the deceased, velchite , confirms nei : 1.845; 1.1047), but only in two inscriptions. Clusium as the point of origin of the urn. Six 2. Inscription G13 was painted in dark red on the Inscription G13. (Photograph courtesy of viscnei , the family name of the mother of vetnei , is inscriptions, all from this area, may be attributed to round lid of the urn in sinistroverse direction (pho- the ROM) not attested in inscriptions recovered at Clusium, members of this family. Two inscriptions refer to 5 tograph 1). Hayes (1985: 166) transcribed G13 as but the stem from which it was built, visce, is, both males named larthvelchite (ET Cl 1.576, in (1). 6 12 2.1 The letterforms in this inscription are typical as a masculine family name (ET Cl 1.54; 1.820) 1.577). Athird inscription names the husband of and as a cognomen (Cl 1.1041; Cl 1.1200). Outside the deceased as a member of the velchite family (1) vepnep viscna . l . sech of those found in other 2nd century B.C. inscrip- tions from Chiusi. According to Maggiani’s classi- of Clusium the family name viscenei ([with anap- ( velchites gen. sg., ET Cl 1.1721). Female mem- bers of the family ( velchiti ) are attested in ET Cl Hayes’ reading may be improved upon in sever- fication of Etruscan alphabets of the Hellenistic tyxis ?],) appears as a cognomen on a funerary 1.466, 1649 and 1650 . al ways. First of all, the third letter of word one is Age (Maggiani 1990), the letterforms in G13 may inscription from Arretium (ET Ar 1.73). The name viscna The mother of the deceased belonged to the vip- tau . The oblique cross bar dissects the vertical near be categorized as Tipo II, settentrionale, II sec. , without accompanying onomastic phrase, 8 ina family. To judge from the number of funerary the top tau . The final letter must be iota . Ashort a.C . The lowermost oblique stroke of epsilon and was incised on a vase from the Ager Saenensis (ET inscriptions with this name, the family was partic- dash of red paint appears near the bottom of the wau is elongated and it meets the vertical just AS 2.7). ularly prominent at Clusium. In the nominative vertical stroke, but this is accidental or perhaps the below the mid-point; the topmost stroke in both let- 3. Inscription G15 runs in sinistroverse direction case alone there are 27 masculine forms vipi and result of the scribe not cleanly lifting his brush ters is short and slightly bowed. Nu has the form N. around the upper rim band of the cylindrical body 27 feminine forms vipinei for a total of 54 funerary from the surface of the ceramic. 7 The first word is Khi is an inverted arrow. The crossbar of the alpha of the urn (photographs 2 & 3). The transcription of inscriptions referring to members of this family vetnei , a feminine family name. In two places descends very gently in the direction of writing. Hayes (1985: 168) is reproduced in (4). during the neo-Etruscan period (4th c. - 1 c. words are separated by punctuation in the form of 13 2.2 The interpretation does not present prob- B.C.). a colon. This dividing sign is visible after vetnei (4) larth velchite · vipinal and after lambda. Asingle dot stands between the lems. The inscription is a funerary text. The deceased is a female whose family name vetnei is 4. Hayes (1985: 167-168) dates G13 and G15 to alpha of viscna and the following lambda. It is Hayes’ reading is correct, except that he does not the 2nd-1st c. B.C. based on the morphology of the probable that the lower dot is no longer visible. A accompanied by a metronymic phrase viscna · l : indicate the punctuation that is visible between the sech . The separation of the inflectional ending - l of cinerary urn. This date is borne out by the shape of revised reading of the inscription is given in (2). personal name and the family name of the the letterforms of the inscriptions. the genitive from its nominal base viscna and the deceased. (5) is the correct reading for G15. (2) vetnei : viscna · l : sech placement of a dividing point between the two (5) larth · velchite · vipinal must be an error on the part of the painter. Amore [continued on next page] Page 5 [continued from previous page] for which it was possible to cite macutia (ET Cl scêvês, larthals afunes, tuthines ), and a sub- 1.2483) as a comparandum . The first chapterof the ject ( vinac restmc, thil scuna, cen ). 7 In the Cortona inscription first clause of the Tabula Cortonensis there is 5. Throughout the paper linguistic forms in the by Koen Wylin also a second subject parallel to vinac restmc . Etruscan alphabet are transcribed in bold. The subject is, according to Maggiani, pes Epigraphic conventions: Square brackets [ a ] indi- cate letters that have been restored or can no longer From an analysis of the technical terms (very likely to be understood as fundus, based be read; curly brackets { a } indicate characters used in the famous Tabula Cortonensis, it is on the fact that it is located in the plain, erroneously written by the scribe; the underdot a obvious to me that it is a juridical document, spante ). This land is to be ceded to the Cusu. indicates characters that are damaged and/or no comparable in part to the Cippus Perusinus. Maggiani concludes that the property, which longer clearly legible. Grammatical abbreviations: The text presents a contract between two par- in the first place may have belonged to the gen. = genitive; pro. = pronoun; sg. = singular. ties concerning the sale, the acquisition or Cusu, but had temporarily been in possession References to Etruscan inscriptions are from Pauli concession of certain goods.1 Groups of per- of Petru, now returns to the Cusu, thanks to a 8 & Danielsson (CIE), Rix 1991 (ET) and Wallace, sons are listed as being opponents, interested legal decision. In Maggiani’s view it is even Inscription G15. (Photograph courtesy of Shamgochian & Patterson 2004-2005 (ETP). parties or perhaps witnesses of the transac- possible that Petru and his wife have to return the ROM) certain (rented) pieces of property, but also 6. Hayes’ transcriptions are updated in light of a tion. Scholars debate the function of the lists more current system of transcription. Greek sigma of persons as well as the interpretation of have to pay a penalty ( pes, traula, pava ), Acknowledgments: I thank BethKnox, curator of stands for a palatal sibilant /™/. s stands for a den- terms such as cenu, nuthanatur and êprus. which would explain why the fundus had to be antiquities at the Royal Ontario Museum, for pro- tal /s/. The dental and velar aspirated stops are th According to Agostiniani & Nicosia, the measured. viding me with background materials and for and ch respectively. editors of the editio princeps of the inscrip- So, given the two interpretations, the ques- patiently answering my email inquiries. I also tion, the first chapter of the text describes the tion remains: Does cenu mean ‘obtain’or thank Nicola Woods, Reproduction Coordinator for 7. The inscription was discovered on the lid of the selling or letting of property by Petru Sceva ‘cede’? the Museum, for her assistance in acquiring digital urn during cleaning (Hayes 1985: 166). and the Cusu brothers to small farmers. This In my opinion, it is Facchetti’s merit to images of the urns and inscriptions. I am grateful to distribution of property fits in with the social have shown that the text on the Cippus Bill Regier for his comments on an earlier version 8. For discussion, see Maggiani 1990: 188-191. situation in Etruria after the Punic Wars.2 The Perusinus not only deals with the division of of the paper. Following the schema proposed in an earlier article (Maggiani 1984), the letterforms belong to a sub- transaction itself is expressed by the passive property between two families, the Afuna and Abbreviations type of the ‘regularized’variety, C4. verb form cenu , which is accompanied by an the Velthina families, but also contains a ablative indicating the agent pêtruis scêvês . 3 clause with information about the right to use Ar= Arretium 9. The masculine stem is vetna ; the feminine is The relevant lines are cited below. water from another’s land, the so-called AS = Ager Saenensis vetnei . The forms with medial vowel, vetinei , aquae haustus. 9 Facchetti believes that this CIL = Pauli & Danielsson, Corpus vetenei , vetanal and vetanei , are to be explained et pêtruis scêvês êliunts vinac restmc cenu idea is expressed by the term thil, which he Inscriptionum Etruscarum by anaptyxis (see Rix 1984: 217), by morphologi- tênthur sar cusuthuras analyzes as thi-il, ‘the action ( -il) of the Cl=Clusium cal renewal ( vetnal > vetenal under influence of larisal[i]svla pesc spante tênthur sa sran sarc water’. According to Facchetti, Velthina has Co=Cortona vete ), or by a combination of the two. to cede this aquae haustus, an action ET = Rix, Etruskische Texte clthil têrsna thui spanthi mlesiêthic rasna ETP = Wallace, Shamgochian & Patterson, 10. Morphologically related forms, vetni and veti- SIIIIC expressed by the verb scuna . With respect to Etruscan Texts Project Online ni, are found at Clusium ( vetni: Cl 1.1684; vetini: the form scuna , which follows thil, I believe Pe = Perusia Cl 1.1685) and Cortona ( vetni: Co 1.23). In chapter one the emphasis is on the verb that Maggiani’s analysis is more appropriate. form cenu . Thus far, two interpretations have Rather than being interpreted as a verb form 11. The alphabet appears to have features of Tipo Footnotes been given, one by Facchetti (2000), another (‘cede’), it is to be analyzed as a substantive II, Etruria settentrionale, III sec. a.C. (no. 2) and 10 by Maggiani (2002). 4 ( scun-na ), as I have argued elsewhere. In 1. In the spring of 2005 (April 10, 2005) a draft of Tipo II, Etruria settentrionale, II sec. a.C. (no. 1). fact, scuna may well be derived from the verb this paper was ‘published’online in a test version An important problem for the interpretation scune which appears in the Cippus Perusinus of what I hope to be the electronic version of 12. G15, ET Cl 1.576 and ET Cl 1.577 have the of this passage is the fact that cusuthuras is a same onomastic phrase, larthvelchite vipinal . ET different case than pêtruis scêvês , which indi- in the formula acilune turune scune , which is Etruscan News, the Newsletter of the American 11 Section of the Institute for Etruscan Studies. My Cl 1.576 and ET Cl 1.577 may refer to the same cates that they assume different syntactic parallel to Latin facere, dare, praestare . As colleague, Prof. Dominique Briquel, who read the person. ET Cl 1.576 was incised on a ceramic tego- functions within the clause. Taking into a substantive, scuna has to be interpreted as 12 paper online, emailed me on July 6, 2005 to inform la , which could have been set up at the entrance to account the functional differences between ‘achievement, use, concession’. It is delim- 13 me that he and one of his students, Fabrice Poli, the tomb. G15 and ET Cl 1.577 probably refer to the two names, Facchetti has, in my opinion, ited by the genitive thil, so that the phrase had recently written on the same inscriptions. I am persons belonging to two generations of the vel- provided an accurate analysis of the text and thil scuna means ‘the use of the water’ and is chite family. ET Cl 1.577 was painted on a ceram- happy to report that my colleagues and I, working has made a profoundly significant comparison thus roughly equivalent to the Latin phrase independently, have reached many of the same ic olla (CIE I, 606). Punctuation is in the form of a aquae haustus. colon (:). As noted in §3, G15 was incised along the with the Cippus Perusinus. The verb cenu conclusions about these texts. The paper of Briquel Now that the interpretation of thil scuna has upper band of the body of the urn and a single appears in clause III: and Poli will appear in the upcoming issue of Studi been clarified, we have to ask whether the Etruschi. dividing point was used to separate the words. aulesi velthinas arznal clensi thii thil scuna aquae haustus is obtained or is ceded by 2. Each catalogue entry in Hayes 1985 has com- 13. For other case-forms for this family name see cenu eplc felic larthals afunes Afuna? I believe that Facchetti’s interpreta- mentary and photographs. Unfortunately, the pho- the indices in Rix 1991, Bd. I. tion is correct. Since Afuna on the Cippus tographs are not of sufficient quality to permit the His conclusion is that cenu must mean ‘(is) Perusinus and Petru on the Tabula [The editors apologize for the use of a simpler tran- reading of inscriptions G14 and G15 in their entire- obtained’in both texts and that both texts deal Cortonensis are outsiders/non-residents (in scription than the one used by the authors, using th, ty. Most of G13 can be made out, but the first and Perugia and Cortona), it is more likely for ch, s for the Etruscan letter forms]. with the acquisition of the right of access to or the last letters cannot be seen clearly. use of property belonging to a second party. them to obtain a property or rights from one of References The first clause of the Tabula Cortonensis the local aristocracy (Velthina, the Cusu 3. In Hayes 1975: 103-104 G14 is transcribed as brothers) rather than to cede. But there is larthia : titi : maçx[ – – – ] . According to Hayes therefore contains the description of a legal Hayes, John W. 1975. The Etruscan and Italic Collections in more: In the text of the Cippus Perusinus, it is (1985: 168), the editors of Studi Etruschi were the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto: ASurvey. Studi agreement between Petru Sceva (who obtains 5 said that members of the Velthina family have responsible for the reading of the third word. Hayes Etruschi 43.71-104. property) and the Cusu brothers. Facchetti labeled the reading ‘highly conjectural’. Indeed, —. 1985. Etruscan and Italic Pottery in the Royal Ontario believes that this agreement is expressed by the possession of 12 naper (a measure of sur- the stylized sketch of the remains of the painted let- Museum . Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum. the term pes , which refers, again according to face area) of land ( ipa ama hen naper XII ters given by Hayes (1985: 168) does not appear to Facchetti, to a long term rental agreement velthinathuras ). This is followed by the clause support the reading proposed by the editors. Maggiani, Adriano. 1984. Iscrizioni iguvine e usi grafici concerning property whose dimensions are set that deals with the aquae haustus. I conclude However, it appears to me as if the reading maçx[ nell’Etruria settentrionale. In Aldo L. Prosdocimi, La tavole forth in the text.6 then that Afuna obtains the aquae haustus on iguvine . I, 217-237. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki. is the correct one. If the second letter is an alpha , it According to the interpretation of the land of the Velthina. As Facchetti notes, in —. 1990. Alfabeti etruschi di età ellenistica. La scrittura is larger than the alphas of larthia . The upper part the interpretation of Maggiani the repetition nell’Italia antica: Relazioni e comunicazioni nel Convegno Maggiani, cenu should be translated as ‘(is) of the letter, where the oblique strokes converge, is ceded’. Maggiani argues that clause I of the of the word for water ( thii, thil) is unmotivat- missing. It may originally have been painted on the del 1985 (Orvieto). AnnFaina 4.177-217. Tabula Cortonensis, clause III of the Cippus ed (‘To Aule Velthina, with respect to water, lip or rim of the lid. This line of reasoning is sug- Pauli, Carl & Olof August Danielsson (ed.). 1893. Corpus Perusinus and the inscription on the the use of water is ceded’). In support of his gested by the fact that the rightmost stroke begins Inscriptionum EtruscarumI, 1 (Tit. 1-4917) . Leipzig: Barth. analysis of the initial phrase of clause III, to arc leftward toward the edge of the upper band. Arringatore statue (Pe 3.3: aulesi metelis ve The letterform after gamma is illegible to me. Rix, Helmut. 1984. La scrittura e la lingua. In Gli Etruschi: vesial clensi cen fleres tece sansl tenine Facchetti points to the parallelism of the for- una nuova immagine , a cura di Mauro Cristofani, 210-234. tuthines cisvlics ) have the same syntactic mulae with locative and pertinentive (which is 4. Rix published the inscription, ET Cl 1.2484, Firenze: Giunto Martelli. structure, namely a passive verb form ( cenu, used as a locative of a genitive): Ta 5.5: zilci with a minor addendum. He read the fourth letter as cenu, tenine ), an indirect object ( cusuthuras, velusi hulcniesi (‘in the zilcship (in that) of Rix, Helmut et al. 1991. u. , and the third word as the cognomen maçu. [tia], aulesi, aulesi ), an agent or actor ( pêtruis Vel Hulchnie’); Cippus Perusinus: aulesi Page 6 Facchetti’s objection (2003: 5) to Maggiani’s interpretation of thil as a genitive II. However, examples exist of nominal forms with both genitive endings, e.g., rasnal (Co 8.1) vs. ras- nas (Ta 1.184); suthil (Co 3.2) vs. suthis (Pe 1.948). 14. In the translation of Facchetti (‘with respect to the water of Aule Velthina, (he) has to cede (= scuna ) the use of water (= thil), obtained by Afuna’) there is not only the prob- lematic lack of the subject for scuna , but also the use of a so-called past participle cenu with real participial function. In other texts with verb forms ending in –u, such use is not proven. As I have demonstrated in Wylin 2000: 307, verb forms in –u are to be consid- ered as modally indifferent forms expressing perfective aspect. 15. Maggiani 2002: 72 and 2001: 99-100. I do not follow Maggiani’s interpretation of the sentence têrsna thui spanthi mlesiêthic rasna SIIIIC as a third parallel subject (a têrsna that should become public ( rasna ). 16. Maggiani 2002: 7 and 2001: 108. 17. As for the question of rasna , I agree com- pletely with the analysis of Facchetti 2000: 30-40. 18. This interpretation is possible if –l marks the plural ending of the demonstrative pro- nouns as argued by Facchetti 2002: 28-35. The Cortona Tablet: Side A (From Luciano The Cortona Tablet: Side B (From Luciano 19. Another possibility is to consider pavac Agostiniani, Francesco Nicosia, Tabula Agostiniani, Francesco Nicosia, Tabula traulac as two adjectives modifying pes . At Cortonensis , Rome, 2000) Cortonensis , Rome, 2000) any rate, it seems to me that zal at the end of the clause is strongly emphasized to stress the fact that two measurements have to be taken. velthinas arznal clensi thii (‘with respect to I conclude by presenting a translation of my 10. Wylin 2000: 240-247 and Wylin 2004: fn. Regarding the syntax of the final sentence, in the water (with respect to that) of Aule interpretation of the first clause of the Tabula 13. In Ta 0.19 ( mlac ca scuna fira hinthu ) it which tênthur is treated as the internal object Velthina’). Cortonensis. seems that scuna is modified by an adjective of têntha and inni is treated as an adjectival If Velthina possesses property on which mlac and a demonstrative pronoun ca, while relative pronoun, I refer to the reader to Wylin there is water, Afuna can obtain use of it, but et pêtruis scêvês êliunts vinac restmc cenu the verb form may well be fira (see the forms 2002: 220. he cannot cede it. We therefore translate tên thur sar cusuthuras firin and firithvene in the Liber Linteus). In Ta clause III of the Cippus Perusinus as: ‘With larisal[i]svla pesc spante tênthur sa sran sarc 1.182 ( camnas larth . . . atrsrce scuna calti REFERENCES respect to the water of Aule Velthina, son of clthil têrsna thui spanthi mlesiêthic rasna suthiti . . . ) I have argued that scuna is the Agostiniani, Luciano & Nicosia, F. 2000. Arznei, the use of water is obtained14 eplc SIIIIC inni pes pêtrus pavac traulac tiur direct object of the verb form atrsrce (‘build a Tabula Cortonensis . Roma: “L’Erma” di felic (?) by Larth Afuna.’ tên[th]urc têntha zacinat priniserac zal scuna ’); in Ta 5.6, that scuna is preceded by a Bretschneider. Now I return to the Tabula Cortonensis. We genitive construction. know that certain pieces of land that belonged ‘So by Petru Scevas, the êliun , a vineyard 11. Manthe 1979: 270-276. Facchetti, Giulio M. 2000. Frammenti di to the Cusu brothers have been obtained by and a restm of 10 tenthur are obtained from 12. The question of whether scuna can also be diritto privato etrusco . Firenze: Leo S. Petru. The land in the text is called vinac the Cusu, and (also) a fundus in the plain of interpreted as a noun in clause VII of the Olschki. restmc . In this case I believe Maggiani15 is 4 tenthur and 10 sran (is obtained) from Cippus Perusinus (Pe 8.4, 22-24: cimth spel —. 2002. Appunti di morfologia etrusca. Con right in arguing that in the first paragraph we these same (folks); 18
ings of the northwest complex ( Cetamura Antica, 17-21). The kiln, Structure K, had been fully excavated by 1996 (Charles Ewell, An Etruscan Hellenistic Workshop : the Kiln and Artisans’ Zone at Cetamura del Chianti, doctoral dissertation, Florida State University, 2000) . The structure has been dated to the third century BCE, contemporary with a paved room, Structure C, and the first phase of the nearby cistern Structure B. A3x3m unit on the north of the kiln, was designed to investigate the area in front of the kiln that served for stoking it. The two praefurnia of the kiln were completely uncovered and dense layers of carbon were found immediately out- side the channels, containing pottery dating to Hellenistic Phase I (ca. 300-150 BCE). Farther south in Zone II, a newly discovered complex, Area L, is under excavation, dating by all indications to the second century BCE (Hellenistic Phase II). Thus far excavations have been carried out in a group of 6 large units (each 3x4m), revealing a series of walls and pavings, but no clear design (Fig. 1). The stone working is rough and the lines of the walls in some cases are not straight, but per- Fig. 1. Cetamura, Area L, view from the south. haps the most important problem is that the area was used for the borrowing of stone, probably in the Middle Ages. Arough sand- stone foundation wall extends from the party Recent Archaeological entirely, since they run underneath a wall of though so far relatively little bucchero has wall between Structures Aand B, and seems the baths of the Roman villa.) Among the spe- been found in its original context. In the most to be part of a reworking of Structure B. A Research at Cetamura del cial finds were two tools made from the recent probe of the agger was discovered an large stone paving or platform adjoins it on worked antlers of a deer, possibly a pestle and amphora stamp with the name EVTACHEI, Cby hiNanacny tTi. de(CGruivmmonditamura) the west. Particularly conspicuous is a long, an awl (Trashpit I). Near Trashpit II were dating to the late third century BCE, almost thick (.95-.98 m) wall that runs through three found 30 joining fragments of an Etruscan certainly part of the same amphora with the units for a length of 10 m, on a diagonal in Excavations at Cetamura del Chianti near ceramic mortarium, including the spout on the stamp M.LVRI found in 1993 in an adjacent relation to the rectangular structures of Phase Siena by Florida State University have rim; the vessel was sufficiently preserved to unit ( Cetamura Antica, 30, cat. 140). The two I. The modest amount of pottery found in unearthed a hilltop settlement with a long and show the diameter at ca. 52cm. stamps are from the amphora type known as association with it is consistent with a date in diverse history, encompassing an Etruscan Just above the level of the trashpits were “Greco-Italic,” and are among the earliest Phase II of the northwest complex. Near it is settlement, a Roman villa, and a medieval found a number of examples of large Etruscan known Roman amphora stamps; they may an unusual tetragonal platform or foundation fort. Each period has multiple chronological bricks, fired at a low temperature, of the same provide evidence of trade with Roman Cosa of large rough stones that aligns partly in a phases. The excavations are conducted under date or a little later. (These are similar to (N. de Grummond, “Sestius at Cetamura and perpendicular to this large wall. No diagnostic the supervision and with permission of the examples found earlier at Cetamura, still lying Lurius at Cosa?” in Terra marique: Studies in pottery is associated with the tetragon, but in Soprintendenza Archeologica per la Toscana, in the kiln where they were made, Structure K Honor of Anna Marguerite McCann, ed. J. style it is very like the diagonal wall and the Acting Director Dr. Carlotta Cianferoni. This on Zone II ; Cetamura Antica, 24-25). Resting Pollini, Oxbow, 2005, 30-39.) wall that represents an extension of the party short report emphasizes the results of four on an irregular clump of such bricks were the Another major project of these years was a wall of Structures Aand B (i.e., of Phase II). seasons of excavation and one study season remains of a sandstone wall from the Roman well, cut into the sandstone bedrock near the Throughout the area of the diagonal wall and during the years 2001-2005, obtained since an baths, dated to the Augustan period by numer- center of Zone I, hypothesized to be Etruscan. the large platform, a hard, fine yellow clay exhibition on Cetamura in 2000 ( Cetamura ous fragments of Roman red gloss pottery Excavations in this area began at 19 m. below soil seems to be an artificial filling, creating a Antica, Tradizioni del Chianti , with catalog in found in the terracing for the wall. At a slight- ground level, under the supervision of beaten earth floor. This imposing group of English, edited by Nancy T. de Grummond; ly higher level was a fairly well preserved Claudio Bizzarri, and have now been sus- walls and pavings in Area Lbelongs to the version in Italian translated by Alba segment of fortification, again sandstone, pended at a depth of 26.74 m. The excavations final years of Etruscan culture at Cetamura. Frascarelli; available from the author, nde- belonging to the medieval period, but not pre- have now reached the water table and special Various items from Cetamura have been con- grumm@mailer .fsu.edu ). cisely datable. It may belong to the period in apparatus will be needed to continue the work served or restored during this period by Studio Amajor project during the years 2000-2005 the twelfth century when Cetamura was and pump the water out. Almost all finds were Arts Centre International (SACI) in Florence, was the excavation to bedrock of two large referred to in medieval documents as a cas- from episodes of dumping in the well, and under the direction of Renzo Giacchetti and and deep units located on an escarpment trum ( Cetamura Antica, 10). included mostly Roman material, such as Roberta Lapucci. These include a number of between Zone I and Zone II; these were 3x6 In a smaller unit to the west of these, the goal coins, glass, red gloss pottery and box flue pan tiles, both Etruscan and Roman, a frag- meter rectangles, which in places were sunk was to find material that would help to give a tiles. At the level of the water table, several ment of a tile, probably from the kiln, with a to depths of two or more meters. These units precise date for one of the walls of Room 4 of vessels have been found having multiple smoke hole, a bucchero saucer and several on the edge of Zone I (Area G) provided an the Roman baths. Only medieval and Roman pieces, such as a pitcher with some 39 sherds. metal objects. At present the mortarium and excellent cross section of stratigraphy of the stratigraphy was identified. In the Roman The amount of material preserved suggests the pitcher from the well are in the custody of site; at the bottom were traces of two parallel level were found fragments of cocciopesto that these were vessels that fell in when the SACI and slated for restoration. During the Etruscan sandstone walls (4.5 m. distant) dat- and painted plaster, suggesting that the wall, well was actually in use. Of interest are the study season of 2004 and at other times sever- ing ca. 325-300 BCE, interpreted as the sides and Room 4, belonged to a secondary phase fragments of Hellenistic black gloss pottery, al other research projects have been launched, of an entrance gate to the acropolis. Within the of the baths, probably the first century CE. redeposited in the Roman dumping activities. including a Master’s thesis by Stephanie same level were found two large pits in the Above this was a section of a medieval ram- These have been studied as part of a Master’s Layton on “Etruscan Bucchero from bedrock (Trashpit I, 2002; Trashpit II, 2005) part or earthwork ( agger; Cetamura Antica, paper at FSU by Jacquelyn Simmons, “Black- Cetamura del Chianti” (scheduled for comple- filled with discarded debris from the Etruscan 15-17) within which have been found objects gloss Pottery from the Refuse Strata of the tion in spring of 2006; drawings by Maria kitchen and table: animal bones, local wares of a much earlier date. Of particular interest Well at Cetamura del Chianti.” (Florida State Rosa Lucidi), and a study of the mortarium for cooking and storing, and fragments of fine were fragments of Etruscan bucchero proba- University, 2004) and tools from the trashpit by Melissa Hargis. table wares. (The pits actually probably join, bly dating to the sixth century BCE, testifying In Zone II, work has proceeded on the foun- but it was not possible to excavate them to activity on the site during this period even dations of several imposing sandstone build- Page 10 Excavation of the Roman
By aJatnehsK .aWthi tCeheaarsud lae 2005
Asix-week excavation of the baths at Carsulae took place from June 4 to July 17, 2005, under the direction of Prof. Jane K. Whitehead of Valdosta State University (Georgia). Our major goals in excavation were to expose and date the various building phases in order to determine both the charac- ter and the history of the bath structure; and to search for evidence of the earliest form of the baths, which, if contemporary with the found- ing of the city, would shed much light on the origins and development of the Roman bath Fig. 1: Plan of the 2005 excavations in the area of the apse typology in Umbria. Our excavation revealed the hypocaust development of this major Roman architectur- Fig. 2: Carved decorative blocks reused to create a flue across structure of the apse, with some rather surpris- al typology. The problem of the origin and the hypocaust ing elements (see plan, fig. 1). Awall of opus development of the Roman public bath during vittatum , which we found abutting the exteri- the period of the Republic “ranks high among or of the apse in the northwest corner of the the most contentious and insoluble issues”2 excavated area, must form one side of the fur- for Classical archaeologists. Before our 2005 Plan of the nace room, which fed hot gasses directly into excavation, with only the surface remains and baths as the subfloor of the apse. The break in the apse, the very schematic plan published by Ciotti to excavated documented in the plans of Ciotti’s excavation judge by, the form of the bath appeared almost by U. Ciotti of 1953, is the opening to the furnace, and we identical to that of the so-called “Greek found that it was covered by a brick arch. The hypocaust bath” at Olympia, the monument brick-faced walls of the apse end against long that archaeologists cite most often in arguing blocks of peperino that supported the base of the Greek origin of the hypocaust. Recent the arch. These blocks were laid perpendicu- studies, however, now date the bath at lar to the opening. Surprisingly, these blocks Olympia to the period of Roman domination, are carved with simple triglyph and metope with estimates ranging from 100 to 40 BC. 3 motifs (fig. 2), just like those on the large That would place the origin of the hypocaust The “Greek” Hypocaust Baths at Olympia blocks found last season discarded in the cen- technology in Italy, probably in the mid 2nd ter of the apse. On the north side of the open- century BC. ing, a carved base molding, very like the one The superficial similarities in plan between ported on pilae, but a constructed channel deliberately rebuilt the original form and pre- found last season tossed outside the southern Carsulae and Olympia are striking: an apse, from the furnace leads across an open court- served the archaic character of the bath over curve of the apse, is set against the stone pierced in the center, leads into a rectangular yard into the rectangular room, at the base of many centuries. blocks to form a long line of stone, extending room with a pair of rooms off one side. More the plunge pool. into the apse for 2/3 of its depth. All of these interesting are the similar proportions. Both From the similarities of the two structures, 1. F. Yegül, Baths and Bathing in Classical blocks are too decorative for their function are small in comparison with Imperial baths: one might judge them to be rather close in Antiquity, (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) 361: and position and must have been reused from the radius of Olympia’s apse is 3.8 m., while date, with the hypocaust design at Carsulae “The channel system is a more primitive and an earlier building or an earlier phase of the that of Carsulae is about 3.4 m.; the rectangu- suggesting it was the older. If one accepts the less efficient way of heating and represents baths. lar room at Olympia measures 6 x 8 m., that at earlier date for Olympia and hypothesizes a the early development of the hypocaust in the If we return the displaced carved stone Carsulae, 8.5 x 7.75 m. Also very intriguing is slightly earlier date for Carsulae, that would eastern Mediterranean and southern Italy, but blocks to their original position parallel to the similarity in their siting: both are located place Carsulae’s bath in serious competition it continued to be used during the Roman era those that remain in place, they form a chan- in liminal areas near the entrance, as if intend- for oldest with The Stabian Baths at Pompeii, in central Europe and England…More unusu- nel, which would have served as a flue from ed more for the use of the visitors — for which are widely regarded as the oldest near- al are mixed systems, for example, wall sec- the furnace. Its floor is paved with large purification or healing — than for the daily ly-intact Roman public baths preserved, with tions under the pool and regular pilae under ceramic tiles. The remainder of the apse area cleansing of the local inhabitants. a full hypocaust, dating from 140-120 B.C. the floor of the main room.” is filled with a regular pattern of pilae, resting Excavation within the apse, however, This is a very tenuous argument, however. on a clay floor. The channel or flue is an revealed significant differences. The break in The construction materials and methods at 2. Fagan, “The Genesis of the Roman Public archaic feature, which in the development of the apse at Carsulae turned out to be the Carsulae are to be dated much later than the Bath: Recent Approaches and Future the Roman bath typology predates the entrance to the furnace, with a channel, 2/3 mid-2nd century B.C. and suggest multiple Directions,” AJA 105 (2001) 403. hypocaust supported on pilae. 1 It may thus be the depth of the apse, acting as a flue out from phases of building and rebuilding. evidence of the form — and the existence — it. In contrast, the apse at Olympia is pierced Encouraging, however, is the scattered evi- 3. The majority seem to favor the earlier date. of an earlier phase of the baths, perhaps dating by the drain from the labrum , or splash basin, dence — the reuse of decorative blocks from See Yegül, op. cit ., 379, with bibliography. back as far as the founding of the city. and the furnace is located on the opposite side older buildings, the presence of opus reticula- Fagan, op. cit ., 407-408, and n. 34, discusses The greatest significance of the bath com- of, and set back from, the rectangular room. tum and possibly opus incertum in the bath the evidence and gives recent bibliography. plex at Carsulae is the light it will shed on the The entire floor of the Olympia bath is sup- structure — that the architects at Carsulae Castellani aesthetic effect. nation. Antonella Magnini, curator of ancient interpretations for which the firm was so cel- The exhibition is accompanied by an exten- art at the Capitoline, and Anna Maria Moretti ebrated, but also the Medieval, Renaissance, Continued from page 9 sive catalogue comprising contributions by Sgubini, Archaeological Superintendent for and other historical styles that were also part in 1861 he purchased a number of ancient thirteen international scholars of Italian jewel- Southern Etruria, Rome, explore in depth of the Castellani production. These objects objects illegally excavated from Etruscan ry, archaeology, and nineteenth-century histo- Alessandro and Augusto as dealers, collec- were on view at the Bard Graduate Center in burials in Palestrina. The pieces, all dating ry, an appendix of the firm’s archival material tors, and donors of antiquities, and they high- New York City from November 18, 2004 to from the eighth to sixth centuries B.C., in Rome, as well as a comprehensive object light the instrumental role they played in the February 6, 2005 and at Somerset House in acquired the provenance, “Castellani Tomb,” checklist and bibliography. The catalogue formation of the collections of Roman muse- London from May 5 to September 18, 2004. and fourteen of these works, now housed in essays not only discuss the history and pro- ums as well as the British Museum, Musée du With some minor variations in the checklist, the Villa Giulia and Capitoline Museums, are duction of this firm and their pivotal place in Louvre, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the exhibition will be at its final venue at the on display, including a bronze biconical vase, the nineteenth-century jewelry industry, but others. National Etruscan Museum at the Villa Giulia silver and bronze paterae, and a silver cista, or also address issues such as imitation and orig- This exhibition presents the most wide- in Rome from November 11, 2005 to cylindrical casket. Augusto acquired the latter inality during revival periods; the restoration spread selection of Castellani jewelry from February 26, 2006. as silver bits, which he then nailed to a cylin- and forgery of ancient goldwork within the the Villa Giulia and Capitoline to be seen drical container, reshaping, rearranging, and context of early archaeology; and art and abroad, and provides the public with an 1. Archivio di Stato di Roma, Famiglia regularizing the fragments in the process for patriotism during Italy’s formation as a opportunity to examine not only the ancient Castellani 18/2. Page 11 R e v i e w s
House in London, and can now be seen in the bBRIEFy FrancescoREde AngeliVIEs WS Villa Giulia Museum in Rome (Nov. 11, 2005 to Feb. 26, 2006). This book, however, is much more than simply a catalogue: the General checklist of the exhibition occupies only its Catalogue of the Etruscan Gallery of the final 50 pages, 343-395. It will indeed prove University of Pennsylvania Museum of to be of lasting usefulness well beyond the Archaeology and Anthropology , by Jean occasion that originated it. The essays that MacIntosh Turfa. Philadelphia, University of constitute its core are written by leading Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and experts in the fields of archaeology and jewel- Anthropology, 2005. ry history, and provide the reader with a fasci- The 2003 opening of the Etruscan World nating picture of the various aspects of the Gallery at the University of Pennsylvania activities of the Castellani. These activities Museum, dedicated to Kyle M. Phillips, Jr. the were by no means limited to their fine crafts- pioneer of the Murlo excavations, is now fol- manship. They included the collecting of lowed by the welcome publication of a cata- Campo del Pozzo. Nazzano Romano, prov. di Roma. The habitation site seen from the ancient objects, as well as a commitment to logue, which presents the more than 300 west. (Photo G. Filippi, 1978). the political events accompanying the unifica- objects on exhibit. The collection includes tion of Italy and the loss of secular power by highly interesting pieces, from Etruria proper, the papacy. Thus, what has been accom- Todi and the Sabine country. The peoples Orvieto, Chiusi, Vulci, Bisenzio, Caere, plished with this publication is much more FrontierStudies involved, from early times, are the Etruscans Toscanella, as well as from adjacent and cul- By Larissa Bonfante than a contribution to the (much neglected) of the area of Volsinii, the Umbrians, the turally close regions such as the Faliscan ter- field of jewelry history. It is the reconstruction Faliscans, the people of Capena, and the ritory, especially Narce. The provenances of a Storia di una frontiera. Dinamiche territoriali of a substantial part of the social and cultural Sabines. The present author, whose detailed relevant number of objects are known, as are e gruppi etnici nella media Valle Tiberina history of Rome in the 19th century. The familiarity with the Etruscan landscape is their associations with other grave goods. dalla prima età del Ferro alla conquista excellent quality of the photographs, with equalled only by his acquaintance with every- Among the most ancient objects featured in romana , by Gabriele Cifani. Archeologia del color images of all the objects featured in the thing that has been or is about to be written on the catalogue one can mention the bronze territorio. Rome: Libreria dello Stato. Istituto exhibition, will also ensure enjoyment and the subject, is well equipped to carry out the armour pieces accompanying the burial of a Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, 2003. pages pleasure for those who missed the actual ambitious task he has set himself. Beautiful man of Narce in the late 8th century B.C., and 255, 146 illustrations. show. color photographs of hills, towns, settlement identifying him as a warrior. No less remark- In the Preface, Mario Torelli traces the sites, cliffs and hills alternate with detailed able are later objects, such as a cinerary urn Attische Vasen in etruskischem Kontext. changes in mentality between his own gener- maps and plans as he takes us over the land- from Chiusi of the late third century B.C. with Funde aus Häusern und Heiligtümern, ed. by ation of archaeologists in Italy, “ubriachi di scape with him, picking up and identifying an inscription carrying one of the rare men- Martin Bentz, Christoph Reusser. Beihefte ideologia,” and the young archaeologists of particularly significant sherds and other tions of a magistrate of this area ( zilath s’cu- zum Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum 2. Munich, Cifani’s generation, who refuse to politicize objects which tell of the inhabitants of a par- pitnues’; or should the second word be read C.H. Beck, 2004. history. In this context Torelli points out the ticular area at a specific time. The last section s’cuntnues’, as proposed by Rix, ET Cl This book is the outcome of a conference originality of this work, whose subject is the traces the growth of towns, the appearance of 1.166?). His title may have characterized the held in Regensburg in 2002. Its publication “frontier history” of the Etruscan territory of sanctuaries, and the development of rural deceased as member of a priestly order, par- may seem odd at first, given that one of the the Tiber valley during the thousand-year landscapes through the various periods, seen ticularly since his portrait on the lid of the urn organizers of the conference, Christoph period of its history and the role of the Tiber as in a speeded up film as the archaeological bears the typical hat of a haruspex. Reusser, has recently published a book on the River itself. Its goal is to try to understand the project crystallizes into the historical account Catalogue entries include all the technical same subject, the Etruscan contexts of Attic complex shifting realities and to chart the eth- of very real people information as well as discussions of the rele- vases, Vasen für Etrurien, reviewed in nic components of the area between Umbrian vant aspects of each object. Preceding them is EtrNews 3, 2003. But one of the merits of that a substantial introductory section sketching book was precisely that it showed how incom- out an outline of Etruscan (and Faliscan) cul- plete the state of the available evidence still is, While the full extent of this wall is not yet tural history, with particular emphasis on the and how much we need further and more The 2005 Excavation known, traces of a paved road have been iden- aspects which can be illustrated by—and con- detailed publications of such finds. tified, which bisects the wall at its southeast Season at Poggio Civitate tribute to an understanding of—the exhibited Here we have a first attempt to fill in some corner. This road would have led the ancient objects themselves. of the gaps. Many contributions are devoted (Murlo) visitor up to the center of the plateau where by Tony Tuck to material from sites outside Etruria proper, the monumental buildings of the Orientalizing Castellani and Italian Archaeological such as the Po Valley, or on its borders, like and Archaic Period stood. Jewelry. Exhibition Catalogue . New York, The 2005 Season at Poggio Civitate the newly explored site of Gonfienti, near Poggio Civitate also hosted several schol- Bard Graduate Center, Nov. 18, 2004—Feb. brought to light several remarkable new dis- Prato. Readers will also find information ars over the 2005 season. Nancy Winter con- 6, 2005. Edited by Susan Weber Soros, coveries. Excavation teams working to the about such traditional sites as Volterra and tinued her work on the site’s architectural ter- Stefanie Walker. New Haven, Yale University north of the Orientalizing Period Workshop Pyrgi, and interesting hypotheses on the ritual racottas, while Rex Wallace returned to pre- Press 2004. uncovered the remains of a new building, also functions of the vases (Mario Iozzo and Maria pare the corpus of inscriptions found at The exhibition that was the occasion for the datable to the site’s 7th century phase. Only a Paola Baglione). Poggio Civitate for publication. Additionally, publication of this superb publication was the portion of the building has been uncovered, The fact that this volume appears as a sup- we enjoyed visits from Mary Sturgeon, first to be dedicated to the Castellani family but a series of column bases and what appears plement to the CVA, which is traditionally Larissa Bonfante and Andrea Ciacci. (for a review of the exhibition, see elsewhere to be a clay packed floor surface suggest a focussed on the objects themselves rather than The dedicated work of numerous students in this issue). For three generations the building similar in form to the Workshop. To on their findspots, hints at the changes that and staff members brought to completion one Castellani were the leading goldsmiths in 19th date, the function of this new structure ceramic studies are undergoing in these years. of Poggio Civitate’s most ambitious projects century Rome, a position confirmed by the remains unclear, but the recovery of numer- Hopefully it will stimulate further publica- to date. The 40 year archive of data and docu- patronage of the House of Savoy even before ous specimens of bone displaying butcher tions and research in the same direction. mentation from the site has now been fully they became kings of Italy. Starting in the late marks, as well as remarkably high concentra- digitized and will be presented through an on- 1850s, the Castellani family drew explicitly Guida insolita ai luoghi, ai monumenti e alle tions of carbonized grape seeds and olive pits, line, searchable database this fall. Such an on Etruscan, Roman and Greek (and also curiosità degli Etruschi, by Federica Chiesa may suggest that the structure complimented archival resource is without precedent in Byzantine) jewelry as a source of inspiration and Giulio M. Facchetti. Rome, Newton & the Workshop by providing space for food Etruscan archaeological studies and the site for their so-called “Italian archaeological jew- Compton Editori, 2002. processing of some kind. will also will contain an archive of past publi- elry”, thereby presenting themselves as the The title of this book may prove deceptive: The 2005 season also brought to light the cation on the site as well as an interface for veritable heirs of an ancient tradition of crafts- this is not a guidebook, but rather a topo- remains of a substantial dry masonry wall that scholars to contribute new research. Once the manship. graphical dictionary, published within a series bordered the upper plateau of Piano del site is active, we invite friends and colleagues The exhibition has been shown at the Bard of similarly “unusual guides” to curiosities, Tesoro along its southern and eastern flanks. to visit us at www.poggiocivitate.or g . Graduate Center in New York, at Somerset legends and mysteries of various cities and Page 12 regions of Italy. tomb from Paestum, illegally excavated and so-called “sacred-institutional complex” and still subject of debate. Each entry consists of a historical account sold in the 1970s, and only recently recov- the sanctuary of Ara della Regina). Many arti- Prosopografia etrusca. I, Corpus, 1. Etruria of a site, followed by a description of its main ered. No less interesting are the studies devot- cles are devoted to the re-examination of meridionale surviving urbanistic structures, as well as of ed to such famous tombs of Tarquinia as the apparently well-known but hitherto not prop- , by Massimo Morandi Tarabella. the necropoleis. Maps, pictures and drawings Tomb of the Blue Demons (by G. Adinolfi et erly published finds and monuments. This is Studia Archaeologica 135. Roma, L’Erma di illustrate the texts (in some cases, e.g. al.), the Tomb of the Pygmies (by M. Harari), the case for material coming from “Tomb of Bretschneider, 2004. Tarquinia and Volterra, maps are missing). or the Tomb of the Shields (by A. Maggiani). the Warrior” in Veii (investigated by L. Drago Acatalogue raisonné of all known southern The dictionary includes also Mediterranean These provide new insights into Etruscan Troccoli), for the Sorbo tumulus in Caere Etruscan families (or rather family names), sites such as Carthage, Lemnos or Marseille, ideas about death and afterlife as well as the (studied by A. Naso), or for the grave goods from the 7th to the 1st c. B.C.: this bulky vol- which played a role in Etruscan history. An historical contexts in which such ideas were found in Tombs I and II of the Poggio ume includes 629 alphabetically ordered appendix listing the “protagonists of Etruscan developped. dell’Impiccato necropolis in Tarquinia (exam- entries, followed by a section where the main studies” focuses almost exclusively on Italian ined by F. Delpino). And of course a number families are again presented and analyzed, Southern Etruria scholars. of interesting studies concern more general this time according to their geographical dis- Dinamiche di sviluppo delle città nell’Etruria issues, such as the usefulness as well as the tribution among the various centers in south- Pittura parietale, pittura vascolare. Ricerche meridionale. Veio, Caere, Tarquinia, Vulci . limits of the concept of “Southern Etruria” ern Etruria. in corso tra Etruria e Campania. Atti della Atti del XXIII Convegno di Studi Etruschi ed (Giovannangelo Camporeale), the formation The material collected and digested here is Giornata di studio, S. Maria Capua Vetere, 28 Italici. Rome, etc., October 2001, 2 vols. process of the cities (Bruno d’Agostino), rela- meant as the framework for a planned study of maggio 2003, ed. by Fernando Gilotta. Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi ed Italici, tionships between centers and their territories the big southern Etruscan cities and their ter- Naples, Arte Tipografica Editrice, 2005. Atti di Convegni 23. Pisa, Rome, IEPI, 2005. (Maria Bonghi Jovino), or magistracies and ritories. At the same time it will be a useful Recent finds and new investigations of The proceedings of the 2001 conference of political institutions known from the southern tool for anybody interested in the social and well-known monuments constitute the subject the Istituto di Studi Etruschi e Italici are final- Etruscan centers (Adriano Maggiani). prosopographical history of southern Etruria. of this volume dealing with wall paintings and ly out. The conference was held in seven dif- Whoever looks through the two volumes of Would it mean to give in to fashionable trends vase paintings, mainly funerary, from Etruria ferent locations, with a wealth of contribu- the proceedings will find much more: every- to ask for a computer version of this corpus? and southern Italy. Among the recent finds tions addressing many different aspects of body’s tastes and interests are likely to be sat- Chiusi one can mention the overpainted red-figured major and minor centers of Southern Etruria. isfied. Let us end by drawing attention to a L’orientalizzante a Chiusi e nel suo territorio, crater from Chianciano, whose imagery Excavation and research reports offer new curious object discussed by Laura Ambrosini: Marisa Bonamici interprets in the context of information about such famous sites as Veii by Alessandra Minetti. Studia Archaeologica a terracotta votive donary featuring Cerberus 127. Rome, “L’Erma” di Bretschneider, 2004. the journey to the underworld. Marisa de’ (Piazza d’Armi), Cerveteri (Vigna and elephants found in the Portonaccio sanc- Spagnolis discusses the painted slabs from a Parrocchiale and S. Antonio), Tarquinia (the The relevance of Chiusi during the tuary at Veii, whose meaning and function are Orientalizing period does not need to be pointed out: one thinks of the importance of Etruria. Translated by Jane K. Whitehead. in Greek art. the canopic urns, or of the pyxis from the Briefly noted: Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Books Ancient West and East. Reviews Pania necropolis. As often happens, it is pre- Press, 2005. AWE 3 (2004) cisely for this reason that no attempt had been Ulf, Christoph and Robert Rollinger, editors. Intended as a textbook on Etruscan reli- J. Boardman, The History of Greek Vases (A. made so far to produce a comprehensive study Geschlechter - Frauen - Fremde Ethnien. In gion, it is translated from the author’s Devins, Shapiro) on this subject. antiker Ethnographie, Theorie und Realität. dieux et démons (1998). AWE 4 (2005) Alessandra Minetti has for the first time Innsbruck: Studien Verlag, 2002. Ar ticles: New Publications on Murals (F.R. Serra collected all the information pertaining to the The volume deals with gender, women and Ridgway) grave goods of some eighty tombs of this peri- ethnicities, recent concerns in classical stud- Jenifer Neils, review of Charlotte Scheffer, B.A. Barletta, The Origins of the Greek od, many of them hitherto unpublished. This ies. Ceramics in Context. Proceedings of editor, Architectural Orders (R.A. Tomlinson) task alone would have been a major contribu- the Internordic Colloquium on Ancient tion to a better understanding of Orientalizing Iozzo, M. et al., La Lega etrusca dalla G. Bradley, Ancient Umbria (P. J. Smith) Pottery held at Stockholm 13-15 June 1997. Dodecapoli ai Quindecim populi. Atti della A.J. Clark and J. Gaunt, eds., Essays in Honor Chiusi. But the author adds a series of chap- Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis/ giornata di studi, Chiusi, 9 ottobre 1999. of Dietrich von Bothmer (J. Boardman) ters where she addresses all the main aspects Stockholm Studies in Classical Archaeology of the materials presented, ranging from Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi ed Italici. A.A. Donohue and M. Fullerton (eds.), 12. Stockholm: 2001. BMCR 2002.05.25. issues of chronology and typology to the top- Biblioteca di “Studi Etruschi” 37. Pisa, Rome: Ancient Art and Its Historiography (J. The paper of Margit von Mehren looks at ographical distribution of tombs and their Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali, Boardman) two groups of Attic amphoras as export pot- relationship to settlements. Abrief final chap- 2001. J. Fejfer, T. Fischer-Hansen and A. Rathje, tery for Etruria: Tyrrhenians and ter aptly summarizes the conclusions that can Mario Iozzo is editor of the Proceedings of eds., The Rediscovery of Antiquity (J. Nikosthenics. She suggests that the subject be drawn from the preceding analyses. a conference on the Etruscan League that took Boardman) matter of Tyrrhenian amphoras was selective place at Chiusi, where he is the director of its M.H. Hansen and T.H. Nielsen, eds., An and often unique for the period (e.g. slaughter Documenti e memorie sulle antichità e il important, well-known Etruscan museum. Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis (J. of the Niobids, murder of Eriphyle, sacrifice museo di Chiusi , by Giulio Paolucci. Boardman) Biblioteca di “Studi Etruschi” 39. Pisa, Rome, Jeroen Kluiver, The Tyrrhenian Group of of Polyxena) and so may have been specifical- W. Regter, Imitation and Creation (D. black-figure Vases, from the Athenian ly adapted to Etruscan taste. Also certain IEPI, 2005. Ridgway) Etruscan News Kerameikos to the Tombs of south Etruria. Herakles themes (Lernaean hydra, Kerynian Many readers of certainly C. Rolley, ed., La tombe princière de Vix (J. know and love the beautiful museum of Amsterdam: Dutch Archaeological and hind, Amazonomachy, freeing of Prometheus) Boardman) Chiusi, which in recent years has undergone a Historical Society, 2003. 251 p., 129 figs. 11 were favorite Tyrrhenian subjects, and the V. Tosto, The Black-Figure Pottery Signed thorough renovation, aimed at emphasizing tables, 10 graphs. Studies of the Dutch author notes their presence in Etruscan art. NIKOSQENES EPOIESEN (D. Ridgway) the aesthetic quality of the objects on display Archaeological and Historical Society, New However, it should be noted that the earliest M. Bennett and A.J. Paul (eds.), Magna without losing sight of the information Series 1. instance of the hind labor appears on an Italo- Graecia (D. Ridgway) derived from their context. Its current state, The Tyrrhenian vases are so called because Geometric askos. The Nikosthenic amphoras, B.B. Powell, Writing and the Origin of Greek however, is just the latest of many changes most of them have been found in Etruria and by contrast, are decorated with scenes such as Literature (R. Osborne) which the museum has experienced since its they were once thought to have been made Herakles and the lion, long a staple of Attic J.G. Szilágyi, Ancient Art (D. Ridgway) foundation in 1870. New and welcome light is there. Their interest is in the human subjects: black-figure. AWE 5.1 (2006) now being shed on the first decades of its his- the sacrifice of Polyxena, the departure of Tom Rasmussen, “Herakles’ Apotheosis in L.C. Pieraccini, Article: Home is Where the tory thanks to the patient efforts of Giulio Amphiaraos, the Amazons (see review Etruria and Greece,” Antike Kunst 48 (2005) Hearth is: The Function of the Caeretan Paolucci, who not only has assembled and below). 30-39. Brazier commented on a wealth of unpublished docu- Francesca Fulminante, Le “sepolture Examines the ancient sources and modern Review article: New Publications on Etruscan ments, but has also taken advantage of con- principesche” nel Latium vetus tra la fine scholarship on the Etruscan mirror from Archaeology (M.B. Jovino, ed., Tarquinia. versations with descendants of some of the della prima etá del ferno e l’inizio dell’etá Volterra with the full-grown, burly, bearded Scavi Sistematici nell’abitato Campagne early collectors, such as members of the orientalizzante. Roma: «L’Erma» di Herakles (Etruscan Hercle) nursing at the 1982-1988; A.M. Moretti Sgubini, Veio, Bonci Casuccini and the Bargagli Petrucci Bretschneider, 2003. XI+268 pages. breast of Hera (Uni), and concludes that the Cerveteri, Vulci Città d’Etruria a confronto ; families. The form of the volume, with its ( continued from previous page ) Bibliotheca Archaeologica, 36. suckling ritual for adult adoption is known in, A.M. Moretti Sgubini, Tarquinia etrusca (R. many documents, may not appear immediate- Examines the princely tombs in Latium in rather than alien to Greek mythology, and that Leighton) ly appealing, but the curious reader is abun- the late Iron Age and early Orientalizing peri- rather than illustrating a peculiarly Italic point J.-P. Brun, Le vin et l’huile dans la dantly rewarded by finding precious informa- od. of view, it therefore represents one of a num- Méditerranée antique (D. Mattingly) tion about origins and findspots of objects ber of examples of a lesser-known aspect of a T. Potts, M. Roaf and D. Stein, eds., Culture Jean-René Jannot, Religion in Ancient Greek myth that is shown in Etruscan, but not through Objects (R. Matthews) [See “Reviews” on page 14] Page 13 Tarquinia,3 for which nobody today rejects of the Vulcian cemeteries. But even if we limit such a reading. Whether they inhabit the ourselves to the data available at present, it is chthonian sphere usually associated with the legitimate to ask whether deposition in a Tyndarids at Sparta, or the astral one prevail- grave was the first and only occasion when a ing in East Greece (probably referred to here vase was in use. These vases can very well on side Aof the amphora), it appears manifest have been used during ceremonies, as offer- that in 6th-century Southern Etruria, Dionysos ings or at banquets, or for other special pur- and the Dioskouroi belong to one and the poses that elude us — perhaps also for the rit- same world of local religious beliefs, almost uals directly connected with death and funer- certainly traditional and deeply rooted though als. At the moment we cannot be sure, but we represented with the help of imported images. should bear in mind that their imagery is not The figures on the Ivy Leaf vases offer a pre- necessarily or exclusively of a funeral charac- cious testimony of this; they invite us, inter ter. alia, to question more closely the supposed La ceramica degli role of Taras in the transmission of the iconog- 1. Thus M.A. Rizzo, in Etruschi raphy and cult from Hellas to Etruria. (Novara 1987) 36. The Paris Painter And finally to the interpretation of the fig- 2. CF L. Hannestad, The Followers of the ures carrying those outsize ivy leaves — sure- (Copenhagen 1974) and Paris Painter ly the most original and interesting result of (1976) for the Pontic class: The Micali Painter this study. It follows an irrefutable line of rea- c.200 pieces; N. Spivey, and his Followers soning: divine and mythical characters, from (Cambridge 1987) c.300. Etruscan Painting Dionysos to Hephaistos, Herakles, 3. S. Steingräber, (New Bellerophon, Odysseus and the Dioskouroi, York 1986) nos. 44 and 82. op. cit though Hellenic in origin, are all precisely 4. Steingräber, ., nos. 59 and 141. rendered, showing a perfect understanding on Munich oinochoe 917, of the Ivy Leaf Group the part of both the craftsman and his public. Surely no less comprehensible and meaning- Reviews style attractively free from academic ful are the real and fantastic animals, heirs to Continued from page 13 The Ivy Leaf Group pedantry. I feel privileged at having been a tradition long familiar to the Vulcian people, invited by the University of Göteborg to dis- which are figured on the same vases that carry Ingrid Werner, Dionysos in Etruria: such as the Attic skyphos decorated by the cuss this work as “opponent” of the author, the divine images. The only reasonable infer- the Ivy Leaf Group (ActaRom-4°, LVIII), Penelope Painter, and getting unprecedented first for her Licenziat degree, and then for that ence is that we are witnessing the representa- Stockholm 2005 . Pp. 84, figs. 23, pls. 34. insight into the steady interest which the 19th- of Filosofie Doctor, and at now being able to tion of something that is unknown to us ISSN 0081-993X, ISBN 91-7042-170-6. century notables of Chiusi took in “their” introduce it to the attention of colleagues both because it has no model in the figural or liter- This is an English translation of the museum, and in the ensuing discussions expert and younger, who are possibly also ary Greek world, but was certainly familiar to Prefazione written by F.R. Serra Ridgway, which this interest entailed. In sum, this book working in wider fields than the specialist one the Etruscan craftsman and his patrons. When Institute of Classical Studies, London we look at these scenes, the characters’ order makes available a veritable archive. It is to be of Etruscan studies. hoped that it will soon be followed by a simi- Aglance at the illustrations in Ingrid The reasons given for including certain and gestures, the large unreal yet very solid leaves (surely ‘models’ made up with cloth lar publication about the 20th-century history Werner’s book will immediately explain why, pieces in the group (or excluding others from of the museum. since 1934, the vases studied in it have been it) are informative and explicit; so are those and wicker like stage accessories), Dionysian known as the Ivy Leaf Group. What is less that confirm the attribution of the workshop to symbols par excellence, as well as the whole Volterra easy to appreciate is why these images, with Vulci; and so too is the analysis of the work- Dionysian imagery openly prevailing in the Volterra: l’acropoli e il suo santuario. Scavi all that they have to tell us about Archaic shop’s organization, and of its chronology, Group, logic requires us to understand them 1987-1995, 2 vols., ed. by Marisa Bonamici. Etruscan society, have eluded the attention of which is limited to the central decades of the as ritual ceremonies, probably performed dur- Terra Italia: Collana di studi archeologici the scholarly community — until now. second half of the 6th century (c.540-520 ing a festival specially devoted to the god. sull’Italia antica 6. Pisa, Giardini, 2003. 2 The reason for this lack of interest should BC). Festival and ceremonies, far from suggesting The publication makes available the results probably be sought in the old prejudice of Concerning the actual style of this produc- a superficial acquaintance with figures slav- of nine years of excavations on the acropolis “banalization.” For the exponents of this line tion, Werner is able to identify, within a cer- ishly imitated for their mere decorative quali- of Volterra. The campaigns focused on the of criticism, since the rows of male and tain eclecticism that is common to all contem- ty from alien models, rather point in the direc- Hellenistic phase, best known through the two female figures that are visible on fifteen of the porary Etruscan black-figure, a particularly tion of cult; and of a cult which, whatever the temples whose foundations are still extant and Ivy Leaf vases, parading or dancing while close adherence to Athenian models, and contribution of Greek figurative examples, in visible, and on the earlier levels, starting with holding enormous ivy leaves, have no paral- especially to Amasis — a telling choice, in its more strictly religious essence remains the Bronze Age. All the finds, including frag- lels in any other class of Etruscan or Greek view of the invariably excellent quality of that (given the absence of Greek parallels for these ments of the First Style decoration from a art, they can only be a sign of the non-Attic craftsman’s output as potter and painter, char- figures) specifically Etruscan — a cult of building dating to the late second century B.C, origin of their artist. He, in his provincial acterized inter alia by conspicuous traits of Fufluns more than Dionysos. Here again, the have been meticolously listed and classified, ignorance, deforms his figures, giving an East Greek origin. In addition, our author is evidence of the Ivy Leaf Group appears to and provide us with many new details about exaggerated importance to the vegetal ele- able to evaluate without prejudice the person- antedate, however briefly, the significant the history of the site. 1 ality of the Etruscan “master,” and notes how expression of the Tarquinian tombs of For an online review of this book by ment “as an end in itself”. 4 Throughout Werner’s research, an artist’s the ungraceful and rigid anatomy does not Dionysos and Silens and no. 1999; and to William V. Harris in BMCR see sharp eye and heightened sensitivity have diminish the expressive vivacity of his charac- document an extension of these beliefs and http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2005/2005- constantly accompanied the scientific rigour ters, who are animated by an immediacy of rites to a social class which, if not literally 05-11.html. (guided by the expert hand of her supervisor, communication that is often lacking in stereo- “modest,” is certainly less elevated than the Volterra. Etruskisches und mittelalterliches Margareta Strandberg Olofsson) — which typed Athenian perfection. aristocratic élite. Juwel im Herzen der Toskana , ed. by Stephan moved her in the first place to appreciate the But the feature that has engaged Werner’s Also connected with iconography is the Steingräber, Horst Blanck. Mainz a.Rh., vivacity and expressive power of these curiosity above all others is the iconography question of the use and destination of the Philipp von Zabern, 2002. images, despite their anatomical “incorrect- of these vases, the meaning or “message” con- vases: were they intended exclusively for This attractively illustrated book contains ness.” Next, she directed her efforts towards veyed by the many scenes and figures, be they funerary purposes, or for civic and sacred cer- contributions by a variety of authors, not all of reaching a deeper understanding, “from the divine or human, animal or fantastic. I give emonies as well? While the context is unfor- them archaeologists. Its purpose is to present inside,” of the ancient vase painter’s inten- one example among many. With maximum tunately lost for most of them, their preserva- Volterra, this “jewel” of a city, to a wider tions and aspirations, spirit and world, and caution Werner comes to accept, despite the tion tells us clearly that all the known exam- German public. Everyone, however, will be refused to accept a priori the possibility that a widespread scepticism or open denial of other ples were found in graves (most probably with able to enjoy the images of such favorites as fellow-artist, even 25 centuries ago, would scholars, the hypothesis that the horsemen on inhumations). First of all, we can note that the reclining old couple, or the elongated have devoted time and labour to the produc- the Göteborg amphora (Cat. 4.4/8.19) are perhaps only now, thanks to Werner’s careful “Giacometti” bronze statuette known as tion of meaningless scenes and figures (as “an indeed the Dioskouroi. This amphora is analysis, we shall be able to attribute with cer- L’Ombra della Sera, “Shadow of the end in itself” implies). And that was the origin admittedly not included in the entry tainty to this Group some of the worn frag- Evening,” the subjects of articles by Otto W. of this study, remarkable both for its discern- Dioskouroi/Tinas cliniar in LIMC III (1986); ments found in sanctuaries and habitation von Vacano and Marjatta Nielsen. ing formal analysis and its original interpreta- but neither are the paintings in the tombs of areas — which are in any case extremely few tion, and expressed in a concise and direct the Baron and of the Funeral Couch at when compared to the systematic plundering Page 14 A n n o u n c e m e n t s P a s t C o n f e r e n c e s
nelle fortificazioni etrusche di IV-II sec. a.C.; Teaching with Objects. The The Getty Villa to open xxv Convegno di Studi Friedhelm Prayon, La cinta muraria di Curatorial Legacy of Saturday, January 28, 2006 Etruschi e Italici. La città Castellina del Marangone nel suo contesto storico e urbanistico; Stephan Steingräber, David Gordon Mitten Admission will be free: tickets available murata in Etruria. Testimonianze di mura urbane e di fortifi- Symposium, Harvard University Art beginning November 3, 2005. Following a Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi e Italici. cazioni nell’Etruria rupestre (Etruria merid- Museums, Arthur M. Sackler Museum, major renovation, the Getty Villa, which was Soprintendenza ai Beni Archeologici per la ionale interna) ; Antonella Romualdi and Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 4-5, the site of the original J. Paul Getty Museum, Toscana. Chianciano Terme, Chiusi, Sarteano, Rosalba Settesoldi, Le fortificazioni di 2005. reopens as an educational center dedicated to Montalcino, March 30 – April 3, 2005. Populonia: nuovi dati sulle mura della città On the occasion of his retirement as Curator, the study of the arts and cultures of ancient Eachsession started withathematicRelazione, bassa; Anna Maria Esposito, Le mura di fellow scholars, colleagues and students of Greece, Etruria and Rome. Three inaugural followed byshorterComunicazioni. Volterra: un progetto di restauro; Marisa David Mitten spoke of his many activities in exhibitions will celebrate the opening. Session I: Giovannangelo Camporeale, La città Bonamici and Gabriele Cateni, Contributo alla connection with his curatorship and his teach- Antiquity and Photography: Early Views of murata d’Etruria nella tradizione letteraria e cinta muraria arcaica di Volterra. ing, or presented specific objects from the col- Ancient Mediterranean Sites (January 28- figurative ; Aldo Prosdocimi, ‘Murus’ e ‘muri’ Session VI: Adriano Maggiani, ‘Oppida’e lection. Susan Woodford spoke on an intrigu- May 1, 2006), The Getty Villa Reimagined in Roma arcaica; Armando Cherici, Mura di ‘castella’: la difesa del territorio; Stefano ing problem of Etruscan iconography, “An (January 28-May 8, 2006), and Molten Color: bronzo, di legno, di terra, di pietra: forme e Bruni, Vecchi dati e nuovi materiali per le Etruscan Twist of the Story of Troilus.” Glassmaking in Antiquity (January 28-July aspetti politici, economici e militari del rap- mura di Fiesole; Paola Rendini and Marco 24, 2006). porto tra comunità urbane e territorio; Firmati, Ghiaccio Forte: un ‘oppidum’nel sis- Marjatta Nielsen, Mura e porte nell’immagi- tema difensivo tardoetrusco nella media valle Fifth AmberConference, nario del cittadino; Andrea Zifferero, Ipotesi dell’Albegna; Silvia Vilucchi and Ada Salvi, L ’ Belgrade, May 3-7, 2006 Varna SummerSession 2006 per la definizione del ‘Proastion’nella città ‘oppidum’di Piazza di Siena a Petroio di The American Research Center in Sofia murata in Etruria: alcuni casi di studio; Hilary Trequanda; Silvia Goggioli and Guido The International Union of Prehistoric and Becker, ‘Urbs, oppidum, castellum, vicus’: set- Bandinelli, Castellieri e insediamenti d’altura Protohistoric Sciences, Committee on the (www.einaudi.cornell.edu/arcs ), the Varna Free University (www.vfu.bg ), and the tlement differentiation and landscape nomen- della Montagnola Senese: Monte Acuto di Study of Amber . Chair: C.W.Beck, Amber clature in Etruria. Torri; Maria Chiara Bettini, L’insediamento Research Laboratory, Vassar College, Bulgarian Heritage National Association (under the patronage of the President of Session II: Giovanni Colonna, La città murata etrusco di Pietramarina (Carmignano, PO): Poughkeepsie, NY12604 U.S.A, e-mail: nell’Etruria arcaica; Lidio Gasperini, Porte un avamposto nel medio Valdarno. beck@vassar .edu / Bulgaria) are sponsoring a three-week sum- mer session on Bulgarian history and culture, scee in Etruria meridionale; Maurizio Session VII: Luigi Malnati and Giuseppe Participants: J. Bouzek, Czech Republic; N. Michelucci, La cinta muraria e la distruzione Sassatelli, La città e i suoi limiti in Etruria Negroni Catacchio, Italy; J. Dabrowski, with an emphasis on the ancient and Mediaeval periods (June-July 2006 dell’abitato etrusco di Doganella; Giulio Padana ; Valeria Sampaolo, La perimetrazione Poland; C. du Gardin, France; H. Hughes- Ciampoltrini and Marcello Cosci, La via dei di Capua . Piera Melli, Le mura di Genova pre- Brock, Great Britain; J. Jensen, Denmark; tumuli della bassa valle dell’Albegna e le porte romana. Scavi 2001 – 2004 ; J. Ortalli, La I. Loze, Latvia; K. Marková, Slovakia; H. The Italy Lectures 2005-2006 di Doganella. prima Felsina e la sua cinta . Schwab and C. Fischer, Switzerland; E. The Accordia Research Institute, University Session III:Dominique Briquel, La città mura- Session VIII: Adriano Averini, Orlando Sprincz, Hungary; L. Larsson, Sweden; H. of London, co-sponsored by the Institute of ta: aspetti religiosi; Francesca Boitani, S.Neri, Cerasuolo, Siti fortificati di IVeIII secolo Kars, Netherlands; R. Vilaça, Portugal. Classical Studies, and the Institute of and E.Biagi, Nuove indagini sulle mura di Veio nell’Italia centrale appenninica. Contributo Archaeology. nei pressi di porta Nord-Ovest; Giorgio allo studio tipologico ; Luana Cenciaioli, L’ Prof. Joan Todd and Dr. Aleksandar Maureen Carroll, University of Sheffield, Baratti, Maria Cataldi, and Lucia Mordeglia, ‘oppidum’di Monte Murlo ad Umbertide; Palavestra of Belgrade have been in touch Dialogues with the dead in Roman funerary La cinta fortificata di Tarquinia alla luce della Orlando Cerasuolo and Luca Pulcinelli, with the Director, the Executive Director, and commemoration, October 11, 2005 nuova documentazione ; Anna Maria Moretti Fortezze di confine tardo-etrusche nel territo- the Curator of the Greek collection at the Mark Pearce, University of Nottingham, Size Sgubini, Ancora sulle mura di Vulci ; Anna rio tra Caere e Tarquinia. Note di topografia e National Museum of Serbia and Montenegro. matters! Perceiving value in the north Italian Eugenia Feruglio, La cinta muraria di architettura; Francesco Rubat Borel, Orlando An exhibition of Amber in Serbia, on which Bronze Age , November 8, 2005 Perugia: riflessioni alla luce della documen- Cerasuolo and Luca Pulcinelli, Rofalco Dr.Palavestra has been working, will open at Susan Walker, Ashmolean Museum , Antony tazione inedita ; Paolo Bruschetti, Le mura di (Farnese, VT). Una fortezza vulcente tra la the same time. and Cleopatra on the Portland Vase? Todi: tradizione umbra e cultura etrusca. metà del IVei primi decenni del III secolo a.C. December 13, 2005: the Accordia Session IV: Paul Fontaine, Mura, arte fortifica- The symposium included visits to the Anniversary Lecture toria e città in Etruria. Riflessioni sulla ricer- Castellani Collection, Museums of Chianciano, Chiusi, Sarteano, and Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni, University of ca archeologica; Luigi Donati, Poggio to the painted Tomba della Quadriga Infernale Rome, Villa Giulia Milan, The development of writing in early Civitella, una fortezza di frontiera ; L. in Sarteano. Museum. November11, Etruria: recent work, January 24, 2006 Cappuccini, Presenze cultuali al confine del Ken Thomas and Marcello Mannino, territorio chiusino: Poggio Civitella; Mario 2005 to February 26, 2006 Institute of Archaeology , Sea shells from the Cygielman and Gabriella Poggesi, La cinta Icone . Seminaron the Earlier venues in 2004-2005 were the Bard Sicilian shore, February 14, 2006 muraria di Roselle: nuove considerazioni alla Graduate Center in New York and Somerset Peter Wiseman, University of Exeter, The luce dei recenti interventi di restauro. History of Images . Sponsored by the Dipartimento di Scienze House, London. mute stones don’t speak: approaches to pre- Session V: Mario Torelli, ‘Urbs ipsa moenia dell’Antichità, Collegio Ghislieri. Università di See review elsewhere in this issue. literary Rome, March 7, 2006 sunt’ (Isid. XV, 2,1). Ideologia e poliorcetica Pavia, November 25, 2005. It was moderated Cosimo Pagliara, University of Lecce, The by Maurizio Harari, and several speakers dealt Grotta della Poesia: writing on cave walls in with Etruscan iconography. Participants: Elena The International Congress south east Italy, May 2, 2006. US Section Reception at Smoquina(Università di Pavia), Il demone etr- For location and further information, see: of Classical Archaeology in the Annual Meeting of the usco dei serpenti su un kantharos in bucchero del Royal Ontario Museum di Toronto ; Maria Rome in 2008 www.sas.ac.uk/icls/institute/meetinglist/index Archaeological Institute of Cristina Biella(Università “La Sapienza”, www.ucl.ac.uk/accordia The theme will be, “The Meeting of Cultures America, Montreal, Roma), Caccia o danza armata? Su un vaso in the Ancient Mediterranean.“ It will be . biconico dalla necropoli di Narce, Monte organized by the AIAC, Associazione Canada, January 5-8, 2006 Cerreto ; Marcello Albini (Università Statale, ATaste forViolence: Readers of Etruscan News who are in atten- Internazionale di Archeologia Classica, in col- Milano), Lo specchio di Bolsena e l’immagine dance are cordially invited to join us at an laboration with Italian and foreign institutions Images of Cruelty and di Caco; Ilaria Domenici (Università di Pavia), informal reception of the US Section of the in Rome. The preparation of the congress is Telefo in EtruriaI, Viviana Traficante Istituto di Studi Etruschi e Italici, January 7, coordinated by Professor Andrew Wallace- Death in Etruscan Art (Università di Pavia), Nethuns l’assente; 10 PM to 12 midnight. It will take place at the Hadrill, Director of the British School and Asession organized by Alexandra Carpino, Daniela Ucchino (Università di Pavia), La Hyatt Regency Montreal, and the room is AIAC board member, under supervision of Northern Arizona University, for the 2006 garanzia del sangue. Osservazioni sulla Tomba Alfred-Rouleau B (Hyatt Level 4). the board. College Art Association Meeting in Boston. dei Tori di Tarquinia. Page 15 Importazioni urartee; Federica Cordano , I Announcement of a Prize confini del mare Tirreno; Carmine Ampolo, Obituary forTimothy Gantz The Associazione Storico-Artistico-Culturale Commercio e prelievi fiscali nel Mediterraneo by Naomi Norman Ingegnere Carlo Cecchini, Proceno (Province prima dell’età ellenistica; Adriano Maggiani, of Viterbo), announces a prize of Euros 2,600 Forme del commercio arcaico: le tesserae for a published work on Etruscan or Italic hospitals ; Alessandro Naso, Anathema etr- Timothy Nolan Gantz, long-time Professor of Classics at the University of Georgia, Antiquities published after January 1999. The uschi nel Mediterraneo orientale ; Giulio eminent scholar and author of the widely used Early Greek Myth, died in Athens January candidate must not be over the age of 35. Paolucci, Le anfore tipo ‘Tolle’: contributo al 20, 2004, of heart failure. Candidates can send a CVand four copies of commercio del visno nell’Etruria interna ; Dr. Gantz’ wide-ranging scholarly interests in Classics extended from the archaeology the work, written in Italian, French, English, Michel Gras, Commerci o traffico: elementi of the Etruscans and early Rome to early Greek poetry and Greek mythology. Spanish or German, 2006, to the following per un dibattito ; Stéphane Verger, Ricostruire He received his A.B. in Classics in 1967 from Haverford College and his doctorate in address by March 31: la complessità delle circolazioni votive nel Classics in 1970 from Princeton University. He began his life-long love affair with Italy in Presidente dell’Associazione Storico- Mediterraneo occidentale durante l’età 1966 when he participated in the first year of the Bryn Mawr College excavations at Murlo, Artistico-Culturale Ingegnere Carlo Cecchini, arcaica; Armando Cherici, Talassocrazia etr- where he worked closely with his greatest mentor, Kyle Phillips. As a long-term member Castello di Proceno, Corso Regina usca: aspetti tecnici, economici e politici ; of the staff, he helped excavate one of the most important Etruscan civic buildings known Margherita, 137, 01020 Proceno (VT), Italy. Marisa Bonamici, Anfore etrusche dallo scalo to this day. He also worked with the archaeological remains of the earliest phases of the The prize will be announced at a public cere- di San Rocchino; Mariarosaria Salvatore, ancient city of Rome and was widely known as the translator of Einar Gjerstad’s seminal mony in Proceno in the spring of 2006. Scavi e ricerche in Umbria durante il 2005. work, Early Rome Vand VI. But his time in Italy was not entirely devoted to archaeology. He was, in addition, a connoisseur of fine Italian wine, a first-class Italian cook, a passionate devotee of Italian – as well as Wagnerian – opera, an avid student of Gli Etruschi e il EpiDoc mediaeval and Renaissance art, and of history in general. He dreamed of writing a book on the art and history of Siena and its Palio. Mediterraneo. Commercio Continued from page 8 Among Classicists, Timothy Gantz is known as an eminent scholar. In particular, Early e Politica. Patterson were invited to the workshop to Greek Myth: AGuide to Literary and Artistic Sources has become indispensable to Fondazione per il Museo “Claudio Faina.” report on the status of Etruscan Texts Project Classics scholars and students of ancient Greek myth. First published in 1993, this book Orvieto, 16-18 dicembre 2005. (ETP), an initiative to publish online all was hailed by reviewers as “nothing short of remarkable…a staple of all classical libraries Participants: Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli, Etruscan inscriptions recovered and made for years to come.” At the time of his death he was finishing a lexical and grammatical Introduzione ai lavori; Giovanni Colonna , Il public after 1990. Wallace, Shamgochian, and commentary on Aeschylus’ Oresteia , accompanied by notes on the implications of the commercio etrusco arcaico vent’anni dopo; Patterson reported on the progress of the proj- different manuscript readings adopted by the editors of commonly used editions of the Fulvia Lo Schiavo, Il Mediterraneo occiden- ect (339 inscriptions online!), its successes, trilogy. In addition to his work on Aeschylus, the culmination of his life-long engagement tale prima degli Etruschi; Dominique Briquel, and its shortcomings. In addition to discussing with that author, he was also writing an article on some of the constellations mentioned in Etruschi e Africa del Nord: uno sconosciuto the issues associated with the use of EpiDoc Ovid’s Metamorphoses , in particular on the identity of the constellation represented by documento epigrafico ; Giovannangelo to “markup” languages such as Etruscan, Arcas, son of the Great Bear Callisto. As an avid star gazer himself, he was often up at Camporeale, Dall’Egitto all’Etruria: Dal Wallace, Shamgochian, and Patterson high- dawn looking at the sky over his back yard, charting the stars and communing with the Villanoviano recente all’Orientalizzante lighted the obstacles that academics who wish neighborhood cats and other wild animals who often joined him. medio; Massimo Botto, Importazioni etrusche to undertake digital projects generally face: tra le Baleari e la penisola iberica; Vincenzo lack of funding, time, and reliable technical Belelli, Massimo Cultraro, Etruria, penisola support. Despite these obstacles, it was clear allows you to pay dues for two years for only balcanica ed Egeo settentrionale ; Jean Gran- from the lively give and take at the workshop AMeeting of AIAC. 55 euros. Payment can be made by credit card Aymerich, Les Etrusques et l’extrême occi- that the scholarly community has much to Associazione via e-mail to [email protected] g . See also dent: regards sur l’isthme gaulois et la pénin- gain from the publication of texts in an elec- www.aiac.or g (“soci”), or contact the office or sule ibérique ; Ferdinando Sciacca, tronic format. Internazionale di Olof Brandt, Secretary general, Archeologia Classica, [email protected]/ washeld in Rome at the Pontificio Istituto di The latest issue of AIACNews contains a long Archeologia Cristiana, Monday, May 16, interview with Adriano La Regina, president 2005. It dealt with the Etruscan way of death of the Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e SUBSCRIPTION FORM Storia dell’Arte, and Soprintendente of Rome and their view of the Afterworld. “Morire in The suggested contribution for an individual subscription to Etruscan News is Etruria: Accumulare e creare per l’aldilà.” from 1976 to 2005. $25.00 per year. We welcome donations of any amount. 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The con- ference brought together people working on past three years, furthermore, monthly meet- ______ings have been held in the various foreign the different aspects of web-based archaeolo- Archaeological Institutes and Academies in gy – outreach, publication, and GIS-driven order to provide an opportunity for younger data-sharing techniques. Speakers were City: ______State or province: ______scholars to present the results of their research encouraged to present the theoretical and and to meet each other and other members of practical aspects of their initiatives, and to Postal code: ______the scholarly community in Rome. give an overview of other work in the field. Funding for the conference was generously Country:______AIACNews is sent to those who have paid provided by the Packard Humanities Institute, their dues for 2005 (35 euros). Aspecial offer through Fasti Online. Page 16