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Presentation of Italia Ante Romanum Imperium an Etruscan Herbal? VOLUME: 5WINTER, 2006 An Etruscan Herbal? Presentation of Italia ante by Kyle P. Johnson New York University Romanum imperium Among the approximately 200 Etruscan words which have come down to us are over fifty glosses, synonyms of Greek and Latin words from ancient authors found in the margins of medieval man- uscripts and preserved in the manuscript tradition. 1 Among these glosses, thirteen plant names are of particular inter- est. They are preserved in two codices (R and V) of Dioscorides of Anazarbus’ de Materia Medica, a first-century compendium of pharmacologi- cal uses of plants, minerals, and animal products.2 These glosses have a fascinating history and are of value not only to philolo- gists of the Etruscan lan- The Bay of Pyrgi seen from the Castle of Santa Severa, with a storm at sea. The arrows guage, but also to scholars of indicate the site of the monumental sanctuary (left) and the Area Sud (right). In the Roman religious practice. background, the Monti Ceriti. (Photo G. Colonna 1993). The source of the glosses in the de Materia Medica is a matter for speculation. The likeli- Italia ante Romanum imperium. Scritti di sion by reading a letter by Giovanni Pugliese est candidate is the first-century CE lexicog- Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L. © 1995- antichità etrusche, italiche e romane (1958- Carratelli, who could not be present. rapher Pamphilus of Alexandria, who com- 2005 Missouri Botanical Garden 1998) , 6 vols., by Giovanni Colonna. Roma, Giovanni Colonna, Professor of Etruscan http://www.illustratedgarden.org/) piled a now-lost lexicon in ninety-five Pisa, Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Studies at the Sapienza University in Rome, is 3 books. Around the end of the third century Internazionali, 2005. known for his many publications, and for his or perhaps as early as the end of the second, a The glosses add little to our knowledge of June 8th, 2005 saw the presentation, at the excavations in Pyrgi, the harbor town of group of glosses (presumably taken from the Etruscan language, for only a handful of University of Bologna, of the collected writ- Cerveteri. The wider scholarly world proba- Pamphilus) became associated with one par- those in Dioscorides appear to be authentical- ings of Giovanni Colonna, Italy’s leading bly knows him best for the spectacular dis- ticular recension of the de Materia Medica. 4 ly Etruscan. The others, though labeled as Etruscan scholar. Giuseppe Sassatelli, a for- covery of the three gold tablets with bilingual, Along with the translations of Etruscan Etruscan, are clearly of Greek or Latin ori- mer pupil of Colonna, Professor of Etruscan Etruscan and Phoenician, inscriptions found 5 Studies and currently also Preside of the at Pyrgi in 1964. He studied in Rome with words, the glosses claim to provide synonyms gin. These mistaken attributions could be Facoltà di Lettere at Bologna, opened the ses- Massimo Pallottino, and in turn has taught from a variety of languages, such as Egyptian, due to either the original lexicographer or many of the leading Etruscan archaeologists [See “Herbal ” on page 8] Gaulish, Latin, and Dacian. in Italy today. The astonishing amount of Colonna’s scholarly output is only partially reflected in the 2694 pages of the six volumes, which nev- ertheless give a good idea of the vast range of his interests. Moreover, his complete bibliog- raphy, in the first volume, makes it possible to find easily articles not included in this collec- tion. The first section offers articles on the archaeology and the history of the Etruscans and other peoples of ancient Italy. The second deals with Etruscan art and architecture. The third is devoted to the language, epigraphy and religion of the Etruscans. The last concen- trates on the excavation of Pyrgi. Those readers who know Colonna will be surprised and delighted to find a portrait of Gildo D'Annunzio, “Nanni” (1949). Oil him as a serious and bespectacled teenager in painting. (Collection of Giovanni 1949. Colonna, Rome.) Letterto the Editors We’re glad we’re on this trip. CHORUS: Etruria’s the place for me There is so much here to see I am sure you all agree We’re glad we’re on this trip. Charlene Krinitz New York To the Editors: About the centrality of Etruscan studies: do not forget the “Dodecapolis.” This is the first example of a confederation in Italy and Jeff Hill Europe, and this programme started 2500 Editors’ note: Although Jeff Hill found the years ago in Tuscany and Lazio and was fatal flaw, he did not propose a solution to fix enlarged to Northern and to Southern Italy it. The contest remains open!! with the chief towns Mantua and Capua! This means that they already had an exact concern To the Editors: of Confederation, which in Latin is “united I thought you would find this menu inter- pacts.” (The most important pacts and rules esting. Chef Walter Potenza has an Etruscan were religious.) restaurant here [in Providence], has his own Etruscan tour group, Archeological Tours, June 2005 Best personal regards, TVshow and is very creative. Guido Belfiore Below is the menu [of a Roman dinner he To the Editors: too rosy Prato, Italy prepared]: Here is the group song for our We’re glad we’re on this trip. Archaeological Tours trip through Etruscan To the Editors: Foods of Ancient Rome CHORUS: places: As for your devilishly clever crossword, I Hors d’oeuvres Etruria’s the place for me THE BATTLE HYMN OF ETRURIA believe that the fatal flaw may consist in 5 Assorted pork salami prepared in the style of There is so much here to see Etruscan art is very old I’m sure you’ll all agree down – the clue obviously demands as an the Romans, served with breads of the I am sure you all agree The Vatican Museum is where we saw all we could see answer the famous PhERSNA, “Brad Pitt” times We’re glad we’re on this trip. CENSORED (whom I would bet an Etruscan AS, if I had Nasti Panes (sweet bread) Panis Plebeius (bread of the poor) We’re glad we’re on this trip. Laura’s not imposing yet she’s always near the scene one, that a certain female author and most Confusaneus (bread of the rich) Lets you sit in front if she sees that you’re turning green female readers of this fourth issue had a men- Funerary ashes were placed in a house shaped urn Pecorino Romano stagionato con melocotog- She is good at counting if it’s only to 19 tal picture of), but ACHLE seems to fit Everybody knows that some day they will get their turn no: Roman sheep milk cheese, aged in We’re glad we’re on this trip. instead, except that a good Etruscan scribe First you die, they light a match and then they watch you such as yourself should have used the single caves, served with quince paste) burn Went to Marzabotto, it’s a place that’s very grave Etruscan letter (Greek Chi) for “CH”. Banchetto Romano We’re glad we’re on this trip. They put stones down on the streets in order not to pave I hope my joke about Brad Pitt wasn’t too Minutal Marinum: rich seafood soup made Talking on the mike Larissa first would do a test Then we had a picnic lunch we all thought was a rave dense – he was the star who played Achilles in with perch and oysters Speaking at the right length wasn’t easy she confessed We’re glad we’re on this trip. the recent movie “Troy,” and slew Eric Bana, Patina de piris imperiale: savory pear and asparagus tart with hard cooked eggs and After a few tries she found 6 inches was her best Walking down the streets of Florence, we saw on the Hector, Achilles being the answer to the clue ricotta. Served with grape sauce. We’re glad we’re on this trip. walls in your crossword, in Etruscan, spelled as AChLE… Pullum Numidicum: guinea hen with sweet Talking of Apollo there was quite a lot to say Family crests of Medici they put in all their halls As we were discussing him Larissa led the way Our guide said you see much better if you’ve fewer balls When we asked where he came from Larissa said, “Oy We’re glad we’re on this trip. ETRUSCAN NEWS Veii!” Through the archeological museum Elena made us march Editorial Board, Issue #5, December2005 We’re glad we’re on this trip. We got very thirsty and our throats were dry as starch President of the U.S. Larissa Bonfante [email protected] On to Ceveteri where we went from tomb to tomb But we learned that Dr. Scholl invented the first arch Section of the Istituto di Classics Department When we went down into them around us all was gloom We’re glad we’re on this trip. Studi Etruschi ed Italici, New York University Even when you died you still could not have your own CHORUS: ex officio 25 Waverly Place room Etruria’s the place for me New York, NY10003 We’re glad we’re on this trip. There is so much here to see I am sure you all agree CHORUS: Editor-in-Chief Jane Whitehead [email protected] We’re glad we’re on this trip. Etruria’s the place for me Modern and Classical Languages There is so much here to see Stayed in Torgiano in a place fit for a nun Valdosta State University I am sure you all agree It was a great place to rest from being on the run Valdosta, GA 31698 We’re glad we’re on this trip.
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