DOCSLIB.ORG

Heian Court Poetry-1.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heian Court Poetry-1.Indd STRUMENTI PER LA DIDATTICA E LA RICERCA – 159 – FLORIENTALIA Asian Studies Series – University of Florence Scientific Committee Valentina Pedone, Coordinator, University of Florence Sagiyama Ikuko, Coordinator, University of Florence Alessandra Brezzi, University of Rome “La Sapienza” Marco Del Bene, University of Rome “La Sapienza” Paolo De Troia, University of Rome “La Sapienza” Fujiwara Katsumi, University of Tokyo Guo Xi, Jinan University Hyodo Hiromi, Gakushuin University Tokyo Federico Masini, University of Rome “La Sapienza” Nagashima Hiroaki, University of Tokyo Chiara Romagnoli, Roma Tre University Bonaventura Ruperti, University of Venice “Ca’ Foscari” Luca Stirpe, University of Chieti-Pescara “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Tada Kazuomi, University of Tokyo Massimiliano Tomasi, Western Washington University Xu Daming, University of Macau Yan Xiaopeng, Wenzhou University Zhang Xiong, Peking University Zhou Yongming, University of Wisconsin-Madison Published Titles Valentina Pedone, A Journey to the West. Observations on the Chinese Migration to Italy Edoardo Gerlini, The Heian Court Poetry as World Literature. From the Point of View of Early Italian Poetry Ikuko Sagiyama, Valentina Pedone (edited by), Perspectives on East Asia Edoardo Gerlini The Heian Court Poetry as World Literature From the Point of View of Early Italian Poetry Firenze University Press 2014 The Heian Court Poetry as World Literature : From the Point of View of Early Italian Poetry / Edoardo Gerlini. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2014. (Strumenti per la didattica e la ricerca ; 159) http://digital.casalini.it/9788866556046 ISBN 978-88-6655-600-8 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-604-6 (online PDF) Progetto grafico di Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Pagina Maestra snc Peer Review Process All publications are submitted to an external refereeing process under the responsibility of the FUP Editorial Board and the Scientific Committees of the individual series. The works published in the FUP catalogue are evaluated and approved by the Editorial Board of the publishing house. For a more detailed description of the refereeing process we refer to the official documents published in the online catalogue of the FUP (www.fupress.com). Firenze University Press Editorial Board G. Nigro (Co-ordinator), M.T. Bartoli, M. Boddi, R. Casalbuoni, C. Ciappei, R. Del Punta, A. Dolfi, V. Fargion, S. Ferrone, M. Garzaniti, P. Guarnieri, A. Mariani, M. Marini, A. Novelli, M. Verga, A. Zorzi. © 2014 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press Borgo Albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy www.fupress.com Printed in Italy A CKNOWLEDGMENTS This book is the result of a two years postdoctoral research program financed by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and conducted in collaboration with Prof. Fujiwara Katsumi of the University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology. All the texts about Japanese Literature in this book have been reviewed by Fujiwara Katsumi. I also want to thank Sagiyama Ikuko (University of Florence), Lorenzo Amato (University of Tokyo), Pieran- tonio Zanotti (University of Venice “Ca’ Foscari”) for their help and support. 謝辞 本書は、日本学術振興会外国人特別研究員として２年間滞日し、東京大 学大学院人文社会系研究科において、藤原克己教授とともに進めた共同研 究の成果です。藤原教授は平安時代の日本文学の専門家であり、本書の日本 文学に関する記述は藤原教授の批正を受けました。また、鷺山郁子（フィレン ツェ大学）、ロレンツォ・アマート（東京大学）、ピエラントニオ・ザノッティ（カ フォスカリ大学）に感謝の気持ちを申し上げます。 Edoardo Gerlini, The Heian Court Poetry as World Literature. From the Point of View of Early Italian Poetry ISBN 978-88-6655-600-8 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-604-6 (online PDF) © 2014 Firenze University Press ABBR EVIATIONS, PRIMARY SOURCES AND ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS KKS Ozawa Masao, Matsuda Shigeho (eds.) 1994, Kokin- wakashū (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū 11), Shogakukan, Tokyo. English translation by Laurel Raspli- ca Rodd, Mary Catherine Henkenius (eds.) 1984, Kokin- shū : a collection of poems ancient and modern, Princeton University Press, Princeton. MYS Kojima Noriyuki et al. (eds.) 1994-96, Man’yōshū (Shinpen Nihon koten bungaku zenshū 6-9), Shogakukan, Tokyo. English translation by Teruo Suga (trans.) 1991, The Man’yo-shu: a complete English translation in 5-7 rhythm, Kanda Institute of Foreign Languages, Tokyo. PSS Roberto Antonelli, Costanzo di Girolamo, Rosario Coluccia (eds.) 2008, I Poeti della Scuola Siciliana, Mon- dadori, Milano. DVE Steven Botterill (ed.) 1996, De vulgari eloquentia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Monarchia Prue Shaw (ed.) 1996, Monarchy, Cambridge Univer- sity Press, Cambridge. Convivio Richard Lansing (ed.) 1998, The Convivio, Columbia University Press, New York. KBKK Kawaguchi Hisao (ed.) 1966, Kanke bunsō Kanke kōshū (Nihon koten bungaku taikei 72), Iwanami, Tokyo. CS Hirano Yukiko et al. (eds.) 2007, Chisatoshū zenshaku, (Shikashū zenshaku sōsho 36), Kazama, Tokyo. Utaawase 1987, Utaawase hen, (Shinpen Kokka taikan, 5), Ka- dokawa, Tokyo. QTS Qian Tang shi 1985, Zhong hua shu ju, Beijing. BW Baishi Wenji, Hanabusa Hideki (ed.) 1960, Sōgō sakuhin hyō, in Hakushi bunshū no hihanteki kenkyū, Ibundō, Kyoto. Edoardo Gerlini, The Heian Court Poetry as World Literature. From the Point of View of Early Italian Poetry ISBN 978-88-6655-600-8 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-604-6 (online PDF) © 2014 Firenze University Press TEABL OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION XI PART I FREDERICK II, SaGA AND UDA 1 Law reforms with Frederick II and Saga 6 The state academy 9 The private relationship between ruler and officials, and the shōden system in Japan 15 The monjō hakase and the poetic banquets 17 Frederick II’s individualistic administration 20 Conclusions 22 PA RT II COURT AND CULTURE 23 Emperors as centers of the court, courts as centers of culture 23 Latin and Chinese as languages of culture and bureaucracy 27 The prestige of high language 30 Imperial power and Literature: the theory 33 S ome preliminary conclusions 41 Imperial power and Literature: the texts 44 The role of literature in pre-modern courts 54 Utility of poetry: the problem 57 Utility of poetry: a possible solution 60 Conclusions 63 PA RT III COURT AND VERNACULAR 67 The Kokinwakashū and the Sicilian School of poetry: similarities and differences 67 The path to the Kokinshū 69 The shaping of the Sicilian School 72 The composition of the poetic community 75 The birth of the vernacular canon 88 PA RT IV FORMALIZATION, TRANSLATION, excluSION 133 Formalization in the Sicilian School 136 Edoardo Gerlini, The Heian Court Poetry as World Literature. From the Point of View of Early Italian Poetry ISBN 978-88-6655-600-8 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-604-6 (online PDF) © 2014 Firenze University Press X THE HEIAN COURT POETRY AS WORLD LITERATURE Formalization in the Kokinshū 146 R hetoric as self-determination of the poetic community 159 Conclusions 164 Appendix - The exclusion of politics 166 PART V A NEW CONCEPT OF LOVE 179 The love poetry of the troubadours 185 Love and marriage at the Heian court 189 Attempting a comparison from the social point of view 191 Love in the Kokinshū and in the Sicilian School of poetry 196 From the troubadours to the Sicilians 197 From the Man’yōshū to the Kokinshū 206 The Kokinshū and the Sicilians, a direct comparison 216 CON CLUSIONS 241 RefeRENCES 247 INDex 257 IND TRO UCTION The Francesists know about French matters, the Germanists about German matters, the other specialists know about their own matters; those who know about marginal and minor literary cultures are very few; the Italianists mostly know only about Italian matters, and this is quite a problem. (Remo Ceserani) In recent years the definition of ‘World Literature’ has been object of at- tention for a growing number of scholars. As the globalized and intercon- nected world of the 21st century is facing new challenges concerning politics, economics, the environment, as a result, also the academic world has become increasingly globalized and interconnected, not only in the fields of Natural or Social sciences, but also as regards the Humanities and in particular Lit- erature, traditionally considered the most conservative and ‘classical’ field in academic studies. The problem about the universal definition of ‘Literature’ has always been extremely complex, because as stated by Remo Ceserani «for the common experience, the meanings of the term literature, and the various concepts conceived in the course of time, seem to be numerous, diversified, and incompatible with each other» (Ceserani 1999, p. 3). Nevertheless, with the relatively new definition of World Literature, many scholars (Damrosh, Moretti, Pizer etc.) expressed the need to face the problem of re-defining the very concept of Literature, starting from the correction of its Eurocentric tendencies and its distinction between ‘main’ literatures and ‘peripheral’ or ‘minor’ literatures, that strongly characterized the literary studies of the 19th and 20th centuries. In a recent article, Wiebke Denecke summarizes the current status of the academic curricula of World Literature – traditionally held by American uni- versities – and underlines the importance for researchers of the so called ‘pe- ripheral’ cultures to consider – and implicitly accept – this new Literary and academic paradigm in order to gain a wider and stronger view not only toward foreign literatures, but also toward their own (Denecke 2012, p. 198). Denecke’s article, written in Japanese and published on the prestigious journal Bungaku, Edoardo Gerlini, The Heian Court Poetry as World Literature. From the Point of View of Early Italian Poetry ISBN 978-88-6655-600-8 (print) ISBN 978-88-6655-604-6
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Katsushika Hokusai and a Poetics of Nostalgia
    ACCESS: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION 2015, VOL. 33, NO. 1, 33–46 https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2014.964158 Katsushika Hokusai and a Poetics of Nostalgia David Bell College of Education, University of Otago ABSTRACT KEYWORDS This article addresses the activation of aesthetics through the examination of cultural memory, Hokusai, an acute sensitivity to melancholy and time permeating the literary and ukiyo-e, poetic allusion, nostalgia, mono no aware pictorial arts of Japan. In medieval court circles, this sensitivity was activated through a pervasive sense of aware, a poignant reflection on the pathos of things. This sensibility became the motivating force for court verse, and ARTICLE HISTORY through this medium, for the mature projects of the ukiyo-e ‘floating world First published in picture’ artist Katsushika Hokusai. Hokusai reached back to aware sensibilities, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2015, Vol. 47, No. 6, subjects and conventions in celebrations of the poetic that sustained cultural 579–595 memories resonating classical lyric and pastoral themes. This paper examines how this elegiac sensibility activated Hokusai’s preoccupations with poetic allusion in his late representations of scholar-poets and the unfinished series of Hyakunin isshu uba-ga etoki, ‘One hundred poems, by one hundred poets, explained by the nurse’. It examines four works to explain how their synthesis of the visual and poetic could sustain aware themes and tropes over time to maintain a distinctive sense of this aesthetic sensibility in Japan. Introduction: Mono no aware How can an aesthetic sensibility become an activating force in and through poetic and pictorial amalgams of specific cultural histories and memories? This article examines how the poignant aesthetic sensibility of mono no aware (a ‘sensitivity to the pathos of things’) established a guiding inflection for social engagements of the Heian period (794–1185CE) Fujiwara court in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Anthropology Through the Lens of Wikipedia: Historical Leader Networks, Gender Bias, and News-Based Sentiment
    Cultural Anthropology through the Lens of Wikipedia: Historical Leader Networks, Gender Bias, and News-based Sentiment Peter A. Gloor, Joao Marcos, Patrick M. de Boer, Hauke Fuehres, Wei Lo, Keiichi Nemoto [email protected] MIT Center for Collective Intelligence Abstract In this paper we study the differences in historical World View between Western and Eastern cultures, represented through the English, the Chinese, Japanese, and German Wikipedia. In particular, we analyze the historical networks of the World’s leaders since the beginning of written history, comparing them in the different Wikipedias and assessing cultural chauvinism. We also identify the most influential female leaders of all times in the English, German, Spanish, and Portuguese Wikipedia. As an additional lens into the soul of a culture we compare top terms, sentiment, emotionality, and complexity of the English, Portuguese, Spanish, and German Wikinews. 1 Introduction Over the last ten years the Web has become a mirror of the real world (Gloor et al. 2009). More recently, the Web has also begun to influence the real world: Societal events such as the Arab spring and the Chilean student unrest have drawn a large part of their impetus from the Internet and online social networks. In the meantime, Wikipedia has become one of the top ten Web sites1, occasionally beating daily newspapers in the actuality of most recent news. Be it the resignation of German national soccer team captain Philipp Lahm, or the downing of Malaysian Airlines flight 17 in the Ukraine by a guided missile, the corresponding Wikipedia page is updated as soon as the actual event happened (Becker 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature
    A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Robert A. Taylor RESEARCH IN MEDIEVAL CULTURE Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Medieval Institute Publications is a program of The Medieval Institute, College of Arts and Sciences Bibliographical Guide to the Study of the Troubadours and Old Occitan Literature Robert A. Taylor MEDIEVAL INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS Western Michigan University Kalamazoo Copyright © 2015 by the Board of Trustees of Western Michigan University All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Taylor, Robert A. (Robert Allen), 1937- Bibliographical guide to the study of the troubadours and old Occitan literature / Robert A. Taylor. pages cm Includes index. Summary: "This volume provides offers an annotated listing of over two thousand recent books and articles that treat all categories of Occitan literature from the earli- est enigmatic texts to the works of Jordi de Sant Jordi, an Occitano-Catalan poet who died young in 1424. The works chosen for inclusion are intended to provide a rational introduction to the many thousands of studies that have appeared over the last thirty-five years. The listings provide descriptive comments about each contri- bution, with occasional remarks on striking or controversial content and numerous cross-references to identify complementary studies or differing opinions" -- Pro- vided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-58044-207-7 (Paperback : alk. paper) 1. Provençal literature--Bibliography. 2. Occitan literature--Bibliography. 3. Troubadours--Bibliography. 4. Civilization, Medieval, in literature--Bibliography.
    [Show full text]
  • Universität Institut Für Musikwissenschaft Th
    Abschlussarbeit zur Erlangung der Magistra Artium im Fachbereich 9 der Goethe - Universität Institut für Musikwissenschaft Thema: Das Frauenlied im Mittelalter – Homogene Gattung oder unpräziser Überbegriff 1. Gutachterin: Dr. phil. Dipl.-Ing. Britta Schulmeyer 2. Gutachter: Dr. René Michaelsen vorgelegt von: Ann Becker aus: Mainz Einreichungsdatum: 25.10.2016 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 1.1. Fragestellung………………………………………………………………………1 1.2. Voraussetzungen und Problematiken……………………………………………...2 1.3. Vorgehensweise…………………………………………………………………...5 2. Hauptteil 2.1. Okzitanische Chansons de femme 2.1.1. Geographische und zeitliche Einordnung………………………………….6 2.1.2. Ausgewählte Quellen der Lieder 2.1.2.1. Die Handschrift N – New York, Pierpont Morgan Library, 819……...9 2.1.2.2. Die Handschrift K – Paris, BN, fr. 12473……………………………10 2.1.3. Gattungsanalyse 2.1.3.1. Der Canso……………………………………………………………10 2.1.3.2. Die Planh…………………………………………………………….13 2.1.3.3. Das Chanson de malmariée…………………………………………..15 2.1.3.4. Die Balada…………………………………………………………...16 2.1.3.5. Das Chanson de croisade…………………………………………….18 2.1.3.6. Die Tenso…………………………………………………………….19 2.1.3.7. Sonderfall – Altas undas que venez………………………………….22 2.1.4. Literarischer Vergleich…………………………………………………...23 2.1.5. Musikalische Analyse…………………………………………………….24 2.2.Altfranzösische Chansons de femme 2.2.1. Geographische und zeitliche Einordnung………………………………...28 2.2.2. Ausgewählte Quellen der Lieder 2.2.2.1. Der Chansonnier Francais de Saint-Germain-Des-Pres……………...29 2.2.2.2. Der Chansonnier du Roi……………………………………………..29 2.2.3. Gattungsanalyse 2.2.3.1. Das Chanson d’amour………………………………………………..30 2.2.3.2. Das Chanson d’ami…………………………………………………..31 2.2.3.3. Die Plainte……………………………………………………………33 2.2.3.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading the Miraculous Powers of Japanese Poetry Spells, Truth Acts, and a Medieval Buddhist Poetics of the Supernatural
    Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 32/: –33 © 2005 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture R. Keller Kimbrough Reading the Miraculous Powers of Japanese Poetry Spells, Truth Acts, and a Medieval Buddhist Poetics of the Supernatural The supernatural powers of Japanese poetry are widely documented in the lit- erature of Heian and medieval Japan. Twentieth-century scholars have tended to follow Orikuchi Shinobu in interpreting and discussing miraculous verses in terms of ancient (arguably pre-Buddhist and pre-historical) beliefs in koto- dama 言霊, “the magic spirit power of special words.” In this paper, I argue for the application of a more contemporaneous hermeneutical approach to the miraculous poem-stories of late-Heian and medieval Japan: thirteenth- century Japanese “dharani theory,” according to which Japanese poetry is capable of supernatural effects because, as the dharani of Japan, it contains “reason” or “truth” (kotowari) in a semantic superabundance. In the first sec- tion of this article I discuss “dharani theory” as it is articulated in a number of Kamakura- and Muromachi-period sources; in the second, I apply that the- ory to several Heian and medieval rainmaking poem-tales; and in the third, I argue for a possible connection between the magico-religious technology of Indian “Truth Acts” (saccakiriyā, satyakriyā), imported to Japan in various sutras and sutra commentaries, and some of the miraculous poems of the late- Heian and medieval periods. keywords: waka – dharani – kotodama – katoku setsuwa – rainmaking – Truth Act – saccakiriyā, satyakriyā R. Keller Kimbrough is an Assistant Professor of Japanese at Colby College. In the 2005– 2006 academic year, he will be a Visiting Research Fellow at the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture.
    [Show full text]
  • De Vulgari Eloquentia
    The De vulgari eloquentia, written by Dante in the early years of the fourteenth century, is the only known work of medieval literary theory to have been produced by a practising poet, and the first to assert the intrinsic superiority of living, vernacular languages over Latin. Its opening consideration of language as a sign-system includes foreshadowings of twentieth-century semiotics, and later sections contain the first serious effort at literary criticism based on close ana- lytical reading since the classical era. Steven Botterill here offers an accurate Latin text and a readable English translation of the treatise, together with notes and introductory material, thus making available a work which is relevant not only to Dante's poetry and the history of Italian literature, but to our whole understanding of late medieval poetics, linguistics and literary practice. Cambridge Medieval Classics General editor PETER DRONKE, FBA Professor of Medieval Latin Literature, University of Cambridge This series is designed to provide bilingual editions of medieval Latin and Greek works of prose, poetry, and drama dating from the period c. 350 - c. 1350. The original texts are offered on left-hand pages, with facing-page versions in lively modern English, newly translated for the series. There are introductions, and explanatory and textual notes. The Cambridge Medieval Classics series allows access, often for the first time, to out- standing writing of the Middle Ages, with an emphasis on texts that are representative of key literary traditions and which offer penetrating insights into the culture of med- ieval Europe. Medieval politics, society, humour, and religion are all represented in the range of editions produced here.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts # DIJ-Mono 65 Blecken ENGLISH.Fm
    LAURA BLECKEN “SELF-RESPONSIBILITY” IN JAPANESE SOCIETY: A CONCEPTUAL HISTORY AND DISCOURSE ANALYTIC STUDY APPLYING TOOLS FROM THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES * (ENGLISH SUMMARY) * This text is a summary of the PhD thesis on “‘Selbstverantwortung’ in der japa- nischen Gesellschaft: Eine begriffsgeschichtliche und diskursanalytische Unter- suchung mit Methoden der Digital Humanities”, composed under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Christian Oberländer at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg. “Self-responsibility” in Japanese Society “SELF-RESPONSIBILITY” IN JAPANESE SOCIETY A CONCEPTUAL HISTORY AND DISCOURSE ANALYTIC STUDY APPLYING TOOLS FROM THE DIGITAL HUMANITIES (ENGLISH SUMMARY) Hostages in war zones, nuclear refugees from Fukushima and workers in pre- carious conditions are just a few examples of the many Japanese assigned per- sonal responsibility for their situation by the word jikosekinin. The term – lit- erally translated as “self-responsibility” – has become a keyword in contem- porary Japanese society. But what does jikosekinin mean, and how was it es- tablished in the Japanese language? This study examines this multi-faceted concept by combining methods of conceptual history and discourse analysis with tools from the digital humanities. It traces the word back to its roots and creates a model for different meanings of jikosekinin, through which various discourses converge. Finally, the study investigates how the word is used to- day by analyzing almost 40,000 blog posts. This procedure allows the omni- presence of jikosekinin in everyday life to be broken down and this concept, torn as it is between traditional moral values and the impacts of global neolib- eralism, to be discussed. 1) INTRODUCTION Around the year 2000, the word jikosekinin started to be called the “keyword of the era” (TAKIKAWA 2001: 32) and was described as “circulating with terrify- ing momentum” (ISHIDA 2001: 46).
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Character
    - ijj. _ TRtrONG e*i HOC sir PHAM TP HO CHI MINH HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION Qlj TAP CHI KHOA HOC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN. KHOA HOC XA HQl VA NHAN VAN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES 1859-3100 Tap16,S6 7 (2019): 15-25 Vol. 16, No. 7(2019)- 15-25 Email: tapci)ikhoahoc%hcmue.edu.vn; Website. http:/Ackh.hcmue.edu.vr Research Article LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE'S IDENTITY OF EAST ASIAN COUNTRIES IN "CHINESE CHARACTER CULTURAL SPHERE" IN THE ANCIENT AND MIDDLE AGES Phan Thu Van Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Corresponding author: Phan Thu Van -Email: [email protected] Received: April 18. 2019; Revised' May 21. 2019; Accepted: June 10, 2019 ABSTRACT Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese literature all used Chinese characters, received Chinese literary influence, and tried to create national writing based on Chinese characters' application. In this article, I will delve into the issue of influential language, literature and literaty genres within the Chinese character cultural sphere, while also detailing the specific nature and temperament of the developmental process in regards to each country's literature Keywords: identity. East Asean literature, Chinese character cultural sphere (iH^X'fbS). 1. Introduction Chinese characters are the root of Han culture and are considered the fifth largest invention of the Chinese nation. The four oldest types of scripts that have ever appeared in the world are: the Egyptian script, the Sumerian script, the Babylonian script and the Chinese script, but only Chinese characters are still alive today, all the others are now dead languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Thanksgiving Ceremony
    PROVISIONAL TRANSLATION (December 2018) Only significant errors of English in the translation have been corrected––the content will be checked against the original Japanese for accuracy at a later date. The History of the Great Thanksgiving Ceremony NITTA Hitoshi1 The Daijōsai, or “Great Thanksgiving Ceremony,” originated as a ritual of rice farming, which is the root of Japanese culture, and the Daijōsai is part of the imperial enthronement ritual, which is the core of the structure of the state. Because of that, it is found that while sustaining the essential features of the ritual, the Daijōsai has changed in terms of the way it has been conducted. The history of the Daijōsai can be explained by dividing it into six stages. First, the first stage signifies the period before the Daijōsai was established as a system. During this period, Niinamesai, which became the matrix of the Daijōsai, was practiced, and from the Yayoi period to the reign of Emperor Tenchi. The second stage is the time of establishment and development. In terms of periodization, it is from the end of the Asuka period to the middle of the Heian period, and from the 40th emperor Tenmu to the 60th emperor Daigo. The third stage is the period of transformation from the middle from the Heian period to the middle of the Muromachi period (around the time of Ōnin War). It is from the 61st emperor Suzaku to the 103rd emperor Go-Tsuchimikado. The fourth stage is the period of interrupt from the middle of the Muromachi period (the Warring States period).
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Sugawara No Michizane in the ''Nihongiryaku, Fuso Ryakki'' and the ''Gukansho''
    Ideology and Historiography : The Case of Sugawara no Michizane in the ''Nihongiryaku, Fuso Ryakki'' and the ''Gukansho'' 著者 PLUTSCHOW Herbert 会議概要（会議名, Historiography and Japanese Consciousness of 開催地, 会期, 主催 Values and Norms, カリフォルニア大学 サンタ・ 者等） バーバラ校, カリフォルニア大学 ロサンゼルス校, 2001年1月 page range 133-145 year 2003-01-31 シリーズ 北米シンポジウム 2000 International Symposium in North America 2014 URL http://doi.org/10.15055/00001515 Ideology and Historiography: The Case of Sugawara no Michizane in the Nihongiryaku, Fusi Ryakki and the Gukanshd Herbert PLUTSCHOW University of California at Los Angeles To make victims into heroes is a Japanese cultural phenomenon intimately relat- ed to religion and society. It is as old as written history and survives into modem times. Victims appear as heroes in Buddhist, Shinto, and Shinto-Buddhist cults and in numer- ous works of Japanese literature, theater and the arts. In a number of articles I have pub- lished on this subject,' I tried to offer a religious interpretation, emphasizing the need to placate political victims in order to safeguard the state from their wrath. Unappeased political victims were believed to seek revenge by harming the living, causing natural calamities, provoking social discord, jeopardizing the national welfare. Beginning in the tenth century, such placation took on a national importance. Elsewhere I have tried to demonstrate that the cult of political victims forced political leaders to worship their for- mer enemies in a cult providing the religious legitimization, that is, the mainstay of their power.' The reason for this was, as I demonstrated, the attempt leaders made to control natural forces through the worship of spirits believed to influence them.
    [Show full text]
  • 6489 a Paper Panel Painted in Ink and Colour on a Gold Ground with Scenes from Ise Monogatari (The
    6489 A paper panel painted in ink and colour on a gold ground with scenes from Ise Monogatari (the Tales of Ise) Japan Edo period 18th century Dimensions: H.17¾” x W.14½” (44.75 cm x 36.5 cm) This painting depicts two connected scenes from the 10th century literary classic, the Tales of Ise, the lower half illustrating Episode 23 and the upper half Episode 24. The ‘Tale of Ise' (Ise monogatari), 10th century is one of the most important texts of Japanese literature. It is a loose collection of medieval Japanese poems with brief prose introductions. This anonymous work is the oldest in the uta monogatari, or “poem tale,” genre. Although composed mostly of waka, a Japanese poetic form, the prose prefaces to these poems give the work a unique flavour, anticipating later developments in Japanese literature. Most of the poems deal with the amorous exploits of an unnamed lover, who is traditionally, identified as Ariwara no Narihira (825-80), one of the six “saints” of Japanese poetry. Ever since the 11th century, when the ‘Tales of Ise' came to be seen as a kind of cultural icon, generations of scholars and writers have been puzzling over the numerous problems the text poses. While some may read the episodes as semi-biographical account of the romantic pursuits of Ariwara no Nahira; others have hailed the text as expressions of ‘true Japanese spirit'. There are 209 poems comprising the 125 sections of the work, and each section is a clever and elegant meditation on love outside of marriage.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J
    Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei mandara Talia J. Andrei Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 © 2016 Talia J.Andrei All rights reserved Abstract Mapping Sacred Spaces: Representations of Pleasure and Worship in Sankei Mandara Talia J. Andrei This dissertation examines the historical and artistic circumstances behind the emergence in late medieval Japan of a short-lived genre of painting referred to as sankei mandara (pilgrimage mandalas). The paintings are large-scale topographical depictions of sacred sites and served as promotional material for temples and shrines in need of financial support to encourage pilgrimage, offering travelers worldly and spiritual benefits while inspiring them to donate liberally. Itinerant monks and nuns used the mandara in recitation performances (etoki) to lead audiences on virtual pilgrimages, decoding the pictorial clues and touting the benefits of the site shown. Addressing themselves to the newly risen commoner class following the collapse of the aristocratic order, sankei mandara depict commoners in the role of patron and pilgrim, the first instance of them being portrayed this way, alongside warriors and aristocrats as they make their way to the sites, enjoying the local delights, and worship on the sacred grounds. Together with the novel subject material, a new artistic language was created— schematic, colorful and bold. We begin by locating sankei mandara’s artistic roots and influences and then proceed to investigate the individual mandara devoted to three sacred sites: Mt. Fuji, Kiyomizudera and Ise Shrine (a sacred mountain, temple and shrine, respectively).
    [Show full text]