DOCSLIB.ORG

Association Study of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Subunit Genes In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Association Study of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Subunit Genes In European Journal of Endocrinology (2009) 161 405–409 ISSN 0804-4643 CLINICAL STUDY Association study of AMP-activated protein kinase subunit genes in polycystic ovary syndrome Kari Sproul1,2, Michelle R Jones3, Ricardo Azziz1,2,4 and Mark O Goodarzi1,3,4,5 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA, 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA, 3Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Room B-131, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA, 4Department of Medicine, the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and 5Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA (Correspondence should be addressed to M O Goodarzi at Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Email: [email protected]) Abstract Objective: To examine the genes for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) subunits a2(PRKAA2) and g3(PRKAG3) as candidates for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its component traits. Design and methods: A total of 287 white PCOS women were recruited from the reproductive endocrinology clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and 187 white control subjects were recruited from the surrounding community. Seven PRKAA2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and four PRKAG3 SNPs were genotyped in PCOS cases and controls. Genotyping and association analysis were performed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Results: Nominal associations of PRKAA2 variants with insulin-related traits and the PRKAG3 Pro71Ala variant with PCOS were not statistically significant after multiple testing correction. Among PCOS patients, there were no associations between variants in AMPK subunit genes and androgenic or reproductive traits. Conclusions: Variants in genes for AMPKa2 and AMPKg3 were not associated with PCOS or its component traits. Our evidence does not demonstrate that AMPK is a major genetic risk factor for PCOS. European Journal of Endocrinology 161 405–409 Introduction PCOS ovarian theca cells, suggesting that metformin stimulation of AMPK in the ovary itself may promote Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common complex ovulation (7). We therefore examined the genes for genetic disorder, affecting w6–8% of reproductive age AMPKa2(PRKAA2) and AMPKg3(PRKAG3)as women (1, 2). PCOS is characterized by hyperandro- candidate genes for PCOS and its component traits. genism, ovulatory dysfunction, polycystic ovarian morphology, and frequently insulin resistance (IR). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor, acting to maintain ATP levels in the cell Subjects and methods by sensing the AMP/ATP ratio and then phosphorylat- ing metabolic enzymes and regulating gene expression Subjects and phenotyping with the net result of activating processes that generate A total of 287 consecutive unrelated white patients with ATP and inhibiting processes that consume ATP. AMPK PCOS, aged 13–47 years, and 187 healthy unrelated influences food intake, fatty acid and glucose uptake in white control women, aged 14–60, were recruited from skeletal and cardiac muscle, insulin secretion, and the Birmingham, AL, USA area. PCOS cases were hepatic fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis (3). recruited from the reproductive endocrine practice of Consequently, AMPK subunit genes have been one of the investigators (RA) at the University of examined as candidates for type 2 diabetes suscep- Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). All subjects were tibility, with conflicting results (4, 5). non-Hispanic Caucasians. Participation in research As PCOS is a metabolic disorder associated with an studies was offered to patients meeting inclusion increased risk of diabetes, AMPK may play a role in this criteria (premenopausal, not pregnant, on no hormonal association. Metformin, commonly prescribed for PCOS therapy for at least 3 months, and meeting diagnostic patients, activates AMPK activity in skeletal muscle (6). criteria for PCOS). PCOS was diagnosed following the In addition, AMPK activation appears to be decreased in 1990 NIH consensus criteria (8). q 2009 European Society of Endocrinology DOI: 10.1530/EJE-09-0245 Online version via www.eje-online.org Downloaded from Bioscientifica.com at 09/27/2021 09:27:40AM via free access 406 K Sproul and others EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (2009) 161 Controls were healthy women with a history of Statistical analysis regular menstrual cycles and no family history of 2 hirsutism. These women had no evidence of hirsutism, Unpaired t-tests and c tests were used to compare acne or alopecia, or endocrine dysfunction and had not clinical characteristics between women with and taken hormonal therapy (including oral contraceptives) without PCOS; quantitative trait values were log- or for at least 3 months prior to testing. Controls were square root-transformed as appropriate to reduce non- recruited by word of mouth and advertisements in normality. the Birmingham, Alabama area, through a call for Association with the presence/absence of PCOS and ‘healthy women’ without detailing further the nature qualitative traits was evaluated using logistic of the studies. regression, adjusting for age and body mass index Subjects underwent a physical examination and (BMI) by including both as independent variables. serum androgen measurement, as per a previously Association with quantitative traits was evaluated described protocol (1). Fasting glucose and insulin were using analysis of covariance, again adjusting for age also obtained in a subset of the cohort (w70%). This and BMI. Recognizing that insulin secretion responds to subset did not differ demographically or hormonally ambient IR, HOMA-%B associations were also calcu- from the study subjects overall. The computer-based lated with HOMA-IR as a covariate in addition to age homeostasis model assessment (HOMA, www.dtu.ox.ac. and BMI. Quantitative trait associations were conducted in the PCOS and control groups separately. To handle uk/homa) utilizes fasting glucose and insulin to ! calculate indices of IR (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion multiple testing, significance was taken as P 0.006, (HOMA-%B) (9). For the insulin-related traits only, six considering that we analyzed two genes against four PCOS subjects with diabetes were excluded because the families of traits (PCOS diagnosis, androgens, metabolic hyperglycemia of diabetes may induce secondary traits and reproductive endpoints), yielding a Bonfer- changes in insulin-related traits that reduce their utility roni correction factor of 8 (i.e. eight independent for genetic analysis. In addition, in PCOS cases only, we comparisons). Association analyses excluding 26 evaluated the following reproductive traits: severe post-menopausal subjects from the control group oligomenorrhea (defined as O3monthsbetween yielded the same results as analyses conducted in the menses), infertility (yes/no), and parity (yes/no). entire cohort; therefore, the latter results are reported. Clinical characteristics of the subjects are given in supplementary Table 1, which can be viewed online at http://www.eje-online.org/supplemental/. All subjects gave written informed consent, and the Results study was performed according to the guidelines of the Institutional Review Boards of UAB and Cedars- PRKAA2 Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. We genotyped seven SNPs spanning the PRKAA2 gene (Fig. 1A). SNP frequencies are shown in Table 1. All Genetic analysis markers were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Linkage disequilibrium among these markers (D0) ranged from We selected six PRKAA2 single nucleotide polymorph- 0.45 to 1.0 (average pairwise D0 of 0.90). The r2 values isms (SNPs; rs11206887, rs2143749, rs2746349, ranged from 0 to 0.98 (average 0.23). rs12749128, rs857155, and rs3738568) using geno- Among the women with PCOS, carriers of the minor type data of the Caucasian population of the HapMap alleles of SNPs rs2143749, rs2746349, or rs857155 database (release 24, phase II) (10). These SNPs capture had higher fasting insulin levels than noncarriers 28 out of 35 (80%) of the Caucasian HapMap SNP (PZ0.044, 0.021, and 0.027 respectively). Carriers of alleles at r2O0.8. An additional PRKAA2 SNP the minor allele of SNP rs2143749 also had increased (rs2051040) was selected because it was associated HOMA-%B (PZ0.030), which was not significant when with type 2 diabetes in a Japanese cohort (4). Four HOMA-IR was also included as a covariate (PZ0.26). validated PRKAG3 SNPs (rs6436094, rs16859382, Lastly, PCOS women who were carriers of the minor rs692243, and rs650898) were genotyped, selected allele of SNP rs2746349 had increased HOMA-IR based on frequency O5% because only two SNPs compared with noncarriers (PZ0.039). Trait values in HapMap (rs6436094, rs692243) are polymorphic for PCOS women are shown in the electronic supple- in Caucasians. SNP rs692243 is a nonsynonymous mental Table 3, which can be viewed online at http:// variant (proline to alanine at codon 71). The eleven www.eje-online.org/supplemental/.Noneofthese SNPs were genotyped in the 474 subjects using PRKAA2 associations were significant after considering the 50-exonuclease assay (TaqMan MGB, Applied multiple testing. We did not find significant associations Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Supplementary between PRKAA2 variantsandPCOSitself,BMI,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Supplemental Information to Mammadova-Bach Et Al., “Laminin Α1 Orchestrates VEGFA Functions in the Ecosystem of Colorectal Carcinogenesis”
    Supplemental information to Mammadova-Bach et al., “Laminin α1 orchestrates VEGFA functions in the ecosystem of colorectal carcinogenesis” Supplemental material and methods Cloning of the villin-LMα1 vector The plasmid pBS-villin-promoter containing the 3.5 Kb of the murine villin promoter, the first non coding exon, 5.5 kb of the first intron and 15 nucleotides of the second villin exon, was generated by S. Robine (Institut Curie, Paris, France). The EcoRI site in the multi cloning site was destroyed by fill in ligation with T4 polymerase according to the manufacturer`s instructions (New England Biolabs, Ozyme, Saint Quentin en Yvelines, France). Site directed mutagenesis (GeneEditor in vitro Site-Directed Mutagenesis system, Promega, Charbonnières-les-Bains, France) was then used to introduce a BsiWI site before the start codon of the villin coding sequence using the 5’ phosphorylated primer: 5’CCTTCTCCTCTAGGCTCGCGTACGATGACGTCGGACTTGCGG3’. A double strand annealed oligonucleotide, 5’GGCCGGACGCGTGAATTCGTCGACGC3’ and 5’GGCCGCGTCGACGAATTCACGC GTCC3’ containing restriction site for MluI, EcoRI and SalI were inserted in the NotI site (present in the multi cloning site), generating the plasmid pBS-villin-promoter-MES. The SV40 polyA region of the pEGFP plasmid (Clontech, Ozyme, Saint Quentin Yvelines, France) was amplified by PCR using primers 5’GGCGCCTCTAGATCATAATCAGCCATA3’ and 5’GGCGCCCTTAAGATACATTGATGAGTT3’ before subcloning into the pGEMTeasy vector (Promega, Charbonnières-les-Bains, France). After EcoRI digestion, the SV40 polyA fragment was purified with the NucleoSpin Extract II kit (Machery-Nagel, Hoerdt, France) and then subcloned into the EcoRI site of the plasmid pBS-villin-promoter-MES. Site directed mutagenesis was used to introduce a BsiWI site (5’ phosphorylated AGCGCAGGGAGCGGCGGCCGTACGATGCGCGGCAGCGGCACG3’) before the initiation codon and a MluI site (5’ phosphorylated 1 CCCGGGCCTGAGCCCTAAACGCGTGCCAGCCTCTGCCCTTGG3’) after the stop codon in the full length cDNA coding for the mouse LMα1 in the pCIS vector (kindly provided by P.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Genetics Report Haplotype Structures and Large
    Brief Genetics Report Haplotype Structures and Large-Scale Association Testing of the 5؅ AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Genes PRKAA2, PRKAB1, and PRKAB2 With Type 2 Diabetes Maria W. Sun,1,2 Jennifer Y. Lee,1,2 Paul I.W. de Bakker,1,2,3 Noe¨l P. Burtt,2 Peter Almgren,4 Lennart Råstam,5 Tiinamaija Tuomi,6 Daniel Gaudet,7 Mark J. Daly,2,8 Joel N. Hirschhorn,2,3,9 David Altshuler,1,2,3,8,10 Leif Groop,4,6 and Jose C. Florez1,2,8,10 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key molecular plasma glucose, or insulin sensitivity. Several nominal asso- regulator of cellular metabolism, and its activity is induced ciations of variants in PRKAA2 and PRKAB1 with BMI appear by both metformin and thiazolidinedione antidiabetic med- to be consistent with statistical noise. Diabetes 55:849–855, ications. It has therefore been proposed both as a putative 2006 agent in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and as a valid target for therapeutic intervention. Thus, the genes that encode the various AMPK subunits are intriguing ype 2 diabetes arises from the complex interplay candidates for the inherited basis of type 2 diabetes. We therefore set out to test for the association of common of various pathophysiologic mechanisms involv- variants in the genes that encode three selected AMPK ing peripheral insulin resistance and relative subunits with type 2 diabetes and related phenotypes. Of Tinsulin insufficiency. The final expression of the the seven genes that encode AMPK isoforms, we initially diabetic phenotype is strongly influenced by inheritance; chose PRKAA2, PRKAB1, and PRKAB2 because of their however, with the exception of rare monogenic forms of higher prior probability of association with type 2 diabetes, diabetes, common type 2 diabetes is thought to have a based on previous reports of genetic linkage, functional polygenic architecture (1).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Computational Approach to Evaluating Systemic Gene–Gene Interactions in a Pathway Affected by Drug LY294002
    processes Article A New Computational Approach to Evaluating Systemic Gene–Gene Interactions in a Pathway Affected by Drug LY294002 Shinuk Kim College of Kyedang General Education, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Korea; [email protected]; Tel.: +82-(41)-550-5452; Fax: +82-(41)-550-5439 Received: 14 August 2020; Accepted: 23 September 2020; Published: 1 October 2020 Abstract: In this study, we investigate how drugs systemically affect genes via pathways by integrating information from interactions between chemical compounds and molecular expression datasets, and from pathway information such as gene sets using mathematical models. First, we adopt drug-induced gene expression datasets; then, employ gene set enrichment analysis tools for selecting candidate enrichment pathways; and lastly, implement the inverse algorithm package for identifying gene–gene regulatory networks in a pathway. We tested LY294002-induced datasets of the MCF7 breast cancer cell lines, and found a CELL CYCLE pathway with 101 genes, ERBB signaling pathway consisting of 82 genes, and MTOR pathway consisting of 45 genes. We consider two interactions: quantity strength depending on number of interactions, and quality strength depending on weight of interaction as positive (+) and negative ( ) interactions. Our methods revealed ANAPC1-CDK6 ( 0.412) and − − ORC2L- CHEK1(0.951) for the CELL CYCLE pathway; INS-RPS6 ( 3.125) and PRKAA2-PRKAA2 − (+1.319) for the MTOR pathway; and CBLB-RPS6KB1 ( 0.141), RPS6KB1-CBLC (+0.238) for the ERBB − signaling pathway to be top quality interactions. Top quantity interactions discovered include 12; the CDC ( ,+) gene family for the CELL CYCLE pathway, 20; PIK3 ( ), 23; PIK3CG (+) for the MTOR − − pathway, 11; PAK ( ), 10; PIK3 (+) for the ERBB signaling pathway.
    [Show full text]
  • Ahn Supp. Fig. 1 AB 1.5 ARRDC4 1.5 ARRDC4 * * * 1.0 1.0
    Ahn_Supp. Fig. 1 AB 1.5 ARRDC4 1.5 ARRDC4 * * * 1.0 1.0 * * 0.5 * 0.5 * * * Relative mRNA levels mRNA Relative Relative mRNA levels mRNA Relative 0.0 0.0 1.5 MLXIP (MondoA) 1.5 MLXIP (MondoA) 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 Relative mRNA levels mRNA Relative Relative mRNA levels mRNA Relative 0.0 0.0 MondoA MondoA 0124824 Starvation (6h) -++++++ Glucose Starvation (h) Refeeding (h) --0.51248 C 1.5 ARRDC4 1.5 MLXIP (MondoA) † Con # KD 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 * * * * Relative mRNA levels mRNA Relative Relative mRNA levels mRNA Relative * * 0.0 0.0 BasalStarvation Refeeding BasalStarvation Refeeding MondoA Con + + - - + + - - + + - - KD - - + + - - + + - - + + BasalStarvation Refeeding Supplemental Figure 1. Glucose-mediated regulation of ARRDC4 is dependent on MondoA in human skeletal myotubes. (A) (top) ARRDC4 and MLXIP (MondoA) mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR in human skeletal myotubes following deprivation of glucose at the indicated time (n=4). (bottom) Representative Western blot analysis of MondoA demonstrating the effect of glucose deprivation. *p<0.05 vs. 0h. (B) (top) ARRDC4 and MLXIP (MondoA) expression in human myotubes following a 6h glucose removal and refeeding at the times indicated (n=4). (bottom) Corresponding Western blot analysis. *p<0.05 vs Starvation 6h. (C) (top) Expression of ARRDC4 and MLXIP in human myotubes following deprivation and refeeding of glucose in the absence or presence of siRNA-mediated MondoA KD (n=4). (bottom) Corresponding Western blot analysis. *p<0.05 vs siControl. # p<0.05. § p<0.05. The data represents mean ± SD. All statistical significance determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison post-hoc test.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study of Copy Number Variations in the Regions of PRKAB2 and PPM1K Among Congenital Heart Defects Patients
    The study of copy number variations in the regions of PRKAB2 and PPM1K among congenital heart defects patients Han-Quan Dong1 Yue-Xin Du2 1. Department of Pneumology, Tianjin Children’s Hospital, Tianjin, 300074–China 2. Department of Child Healthcare, Tianjin Municipal Women and Children health care center, Tianjin, 300070, China http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.6.786 SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was to assess the genetic association of copy number variations in two genes (PRKAB2 and PPM1K) located in two regions (tetralogy of Fallot and ventricular septal defect) in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: A total of 200 congenital heart disease patients (100 tetralogy of Fallot patients and 100 ventricular septal defect patients) and 100 congenital heart defect-free controls were recruited, and quantitative real-time PCR analysis was used to replicate the asso- ciation of two copy number variations with congenital heart defects in a Chinese Han population. RESULTS: One deletion at PRKAB2 and one duplication at PPM1K were found in two of the tetralogy of Fallot patients, respectively; while all these regions were duplicated in both ventricular septal defect patients and in the 100 congenital heart defects-free controls. CONCLUSIONS: We replicated the copy number variations at the disease-candidate genes of PRKAB2 and PPM1K with tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese Han population, and in patients with ventricular septal defect mutations in these two genes were not found. These results indicate the same molecular population genetics exist in these two genes with different ethnicity. This shows that these two genes are possibly specific pf tetralogy of Fallot candidates.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S1. Complete Gene List. Genbank Refseq and Description of Each Gene Were Provided By
    Document downloaded from http://www.elsevier.es, day 24/09/2021. This copy is for personal use. Any transmission of this document by any media or format is strictly prohibited. Table S1. Complete gene list. GenBank RefSeq and description of each gene were provided by the array supplier. Unigene GeneBank Symbol Description Gene Name/s Rn.11422 NM_033230 Akt1 V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 Akt Rn.2104 NM_019288 App Amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein - Rn.23323 NM_001034933 Arsa Arylsulfatase A MGC125207 Rn.94004 NM_033443 Arsb Arylsulfatase B - Rn.6224 NM_001038495 Atg12 ATG12 autophagy related 12 Apg12l, MGC125080 Rn.101734NM_001108809 Atg16l1 ATG16 autophagy related 16-like 1 Apg16l, Wdr30 Rn.104199NM_001191560 Atg16l2 ATG16 autophagy related 16-like 2 RGD1311400 Rn.3084 NM_134394 Atg3 ATG3 autophagy related 3 Apg3l, PIG-1, Pig1 Rn.163086NM_001025711 Atg4b ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog B Apg4b, MGC112887 Rn.23378 NM_001107948 Atg4c ATG4 autophagy related 4 homolog C - Rn.98385 NM_001014250 Atg5 ATG5 autophagy related 5 - Rn.162765NM_001012097 Atg7 ATG7 autophagy related 7 Apg7l Rn.35248 NM_001014218 Atg9a ATG9 autophagy related 9 homolog A MGC105908, RGD1310450 Rn.36696 NM_022698 Bad BCL2-associated agonist of cell death MGC72439 Rn.14598 NM_053812 Bak1 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 MGC108627 Rn.10668 NM_017059 Bax Bcl2-associated X protein - Rn.9996 NM_016993 Bcl2 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 Bcl-2 Rn.10323 NM_031535 Bcl2l1 Bcl2-like 1 Bcl-xl, Bcl2l, Bclx, bcl-X Rn.2776 NM_053739 Becn1 Beclin 1, autophagy related - Rn.31142 NM_022684
    [Show full text]
  • (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase: a New Target for Nutraceutical Compounds
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase: A New Target for Nutraceutical Compounds Fabiola Marín-Aguilar 1, Luis E. Pavillard 1, Francesca Giampieri 2, Pedro Bullón 1 and Mario D. Cordero 1,* 1 Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41009, Spain; [email protected] (F.M.-A.); [email protected] (L.E.P.); [email protected] (P.B.) 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche—Sez. Biochimica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60100, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-954-481-120; Fax: +34-954-486-784 Academic Editor: Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós Received: 17 November 2016; Accepted: 23 January 2017; Published: 29 January 2017 Abstract: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor which is activated by increases in adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio and/or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP ratio, and increases different metabolic pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, glucose transport and mitochondrial biogenesis. In this sense, AMPK maintains cellular energy homeostasis by induction of catabolism and inhibition of ATP-consuming biosynthetic pathways to preserve ATP levels. Several studies indicate a reduction of AMPK sensitivity to cellular stress during aging and this could impair the downstream signaling and the maintenance of the cellular energy balance and the stress resistance. However, several diseases have been related with an AMPK dysfunction. Alterations in AMPK signaling decrease mitochondrial biogenesis, increase cellular stress and induce inflammation, which are typical events of the aging process and have been associated to several pathological processes.
    [Show full text]
  • PRKAA2 (Human) Recombinant Protein (Q01)
    PRKAA2 (Human) Recombinant that monitors cellular energy status. In response to Protein (Q01) cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase Catalog Number: H00005563-Q01 (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating Regulation Status: For research use only (RUO) de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this Product Description: Human PRKAA2 partial ORF ( catalytic subunit may control whole-body insulin NP_006243, 453 a.a. - 552 a.a.) recombinant protein sensitivity and is necessary for maintaining myocardial with GST-tag at N-terminal. energy homeostasis during ischemia. [provided by RefSeq] Sequence: MSLQLYLVDNRSYLLDFKSIDDEVVEQRSGSSTPQRS CSAAGLHRPRSSFDSTTAESHSLSGSLTGSLTGSTLS SVSPRLGSHTMDFFEMCASLITTLAR Host: Wheat Germ (in vitro) Theoretical MW (kDa): 36.74 Applications: AP, Array, ELISA, WB-Re (See our web site product page for detailed applications information) Protocols: See our web site at http://www.abnova.com/support/protocols.asp or product page for detailed protocols Preparation Method: in vitro wheat germ expression system Purification: Glutathione Sepharose 4 Fast Flow Storage Buffer: 50 mM Tris-HCI, 10 mM reduced Glutathione, pH=8.0 in the elution buffer. Storage Instruction: Store at -80°C. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Entrez GeneID: 5563 Gene Symbol: PRKAA2 Gene Alias: AMPK, AMPK2, PRKAA Gene Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme Page 1/1 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
    [Show full text]
  • AMPK Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in LKB1-Deficient Cells Via Activation of CAMKK2
    Published OnlineFirst May 2, 2016; DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-15-0479 Cell Cycle and Senescence Molecular Cancer Research AMPK Causes Cell Cycle Arrest in LKB1-Deficient Cells via Activation of CAMKK2 Sarah Fogarty, Fiona A. Ross, Diana Vara Ciruelos, Alexander Gray, Graeme J. Gowans, and D. Grahame Hardie Abstract The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by also caused G1 arrest similar to that caused by expression of LKB1, phosphorylation at Thr172, either by the tumor suppressor kinase while expression of a dominant-negative AMPK mutant, or a þ LKB1 or by an alternate pathway involving the Ca2 /calmodulin- double knockout of both AMPK-a subunits, also prevented the dependent kinase, CAMKK2. Increases in AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP cell-cycle arrest caused by A23187. These mechanistic findings ratios, signifying energy deficit, promote allosteric activation and confirm that AMPK activation triggers cell-cycle arrest, and also net Thr172 phosphorylation mediated by LKB1, so that the LKB1– suggest that the rapid proliferation of LKB1-null tumor cells is due AMPK pathway acts as an energy sensor. Many tumor cells carry to lack of the restraining influence of AMPK. However, cell-cycle loss-of-function mutations in the STK11 gene encoding LKB1, but arrest can be restored by reexpressing LKB1 or a constitutively LKB1 reexpression in these cells causes cell-cycle arrest. Therefore, active CAMKK2, or by pharmacologic agents that increase intra- þ it was investigated as to whether arrest by LKB1 is caused by cellular Ca2 and thus activate endogenous CAMKK2. activation of AMPK or of one of the AMPK-related kinases, which are also dependent on LKB1 but are not activated by CAMKK2.
    [Show full text]
  • Association of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase with Risk and Progression of Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma
    Published OnlineFirst February 8, 2013; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1014 Cancer Epidemiology, Research Article Biomarkers & Prevention Association of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase with Risk and Progression of Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma Aaron E. Hoffman1, Kathryn Demanelis1, Alan Fu2, Tongzhang Zheng2, and Yong Zhu2 Abstract Background: Metabolic dysregulation has been identified as an "emerging hallmark" of cancer. The heterotrimeric AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex is a central regulator of the metabolic system and an important component of the mTOR pathway and the p53 axis, making it uniquely positioned to influence carcinogenesis through its canonical functions in the metabolic arena, as well as through more traditional mechanisms such as regulation of apoptosis and angiogenesis. Methods: We conducted a population-based genetic association study to examine the impact of mutations in AMPK subunit genes on risk of non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We also analyzed public microarray data to determine the expression of AMPK in NHL cells and to assess the influence of AMPK expression on overall survival in patients with NHL. Results: We identified an AMPK subunit haplotype, which was significantly associated with NHL [OR, 5.44, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.15–13.75] in women with no family history of cancer. Haplotypes in two subunits, PRKAA2 and PRKAG3, were nominally associated with the follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma histologic subtypes, respectively, although these associations did not retain statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Further, both of these subunits were differentially expressed (P < 0.05) in one or more lymphoma cell type, and higher expression of two versions of the AMPK-b subunit was significantly associated with increased 5-year survival among patients with NHL (P ¼ 0.001 and P ¼ 0.021).
    [Show full text]
  • Therapeutic Inhibition of Mir-802 Protects Against Obesity Through
    Supporting Information Therapeutic inhibition of miR-802 protects against obesity through AMPK-mediated regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism Yangyue Ni †, Zhipeng Xu †, Chen Li †, Yuxiao Zhu, Ran Liu, Fan Zhang, Hao Chang, Maining Li, Liang Sheng, Zhong Li, Min Hou, Lin Chen, Hong You, Donald P. McManus, Wei Hu, Yinong Duan, Yu Liu, Minjun Ji * † Yangyue Ni, Zhipeng Xu and Chen Li contributed equally to this work. 1 Figure S1. Schistosoma japonicum infection improves lipid metabolism in HFD mice. (A) Sixteen 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were separated equally into two groups and fed a normal diet. Each mouse in the ND-inf group was infected with 10 ± 1 S. 2 japonicum cercariae and the ND-con group was established as the normal control group. Sixteen 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice that had been maintained on a high-fat diet for 1 month were randomly divided into two groups: a high-fat diet-chronic infection group (HFD-inf) and the control group (HFD-con). Mice were sacrificed 9 weeks after the infection. (B) Dynamic changes in body weight of ND- and HFD-fed mice after infection with Schistosoma japonicum. (C) Cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C levels in sera of HFD mice upon infection. (D, E) Representative images of liver sections from ND-con, HFD-con, ND-inf or HFD-inf mice stained with Oil red O. (F) qRT-PCR quantification of lipid-related genes expression in livers of four groups of mice (ND- con, HFD-con, ND-inf or HFD-inf). (G) qRT-PCR quantification of lipid-related gene expression in adipose tissues of three groups of mice (ND-con, HFD-con and HFD-inf).
    [Show full text]
  • PRODUCTS and SERVICES Target List
    PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Target list Kinase Products P.1-11 Kinase Products Biochemical Assays P.12 "QuickScout Screening Assist™ Kits" Kinase Protein Assay Kits P.13 "QuickScout Custom Profiling & Panel Profiling Series" Targets P.14 "QuickScout Custom Profiling Series" Preincubation Targets Cell-Based Assays P.15 NanoBRET™ TE Intracellular Kinase Cell-Based Assay Service Targets P.16 Tyrosine Kinase Ba/F3 Cell-Based Assay Service Targets P.17 Kinase HEK293 Cell-Based Assay Service ～ClariCELL™ ～ Targets P.18 Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions ～ProbeX™～ Stable Cell Lines Crystallization Services P.19 FastLane™ Structures ～Premium～ P.20-21 FastLane™ Structures ～Standard～ Kinase Products For details of products, please see "PRODUCTS AND SERVICES" on page 1～3. Tyrosine Kinases Note: Please contact us for availability or further information. Information may be changed without notice. Expression Protein Kinase Tag Carna Product Name Catalog No. Construct Sequence Accession Number Tag Location System HIS ABL(ABL1) 08-001 Full-length 2-1130 NP_005148.2 N-terminal His Insect (sf21) ABL(ABL1) BTN BTN-ABL(ABL1) 08-401-20N Full-length 2-1130 NP_005148.2 N-terminal DYKDDDDK Insect (sf21) ABL(ABL1) [E255K] HIS ABL(ABL1)[E255K] 08-094 Full-length 2-1130 NP_005148.2 N-terminal His Insect (sf21) HIS ABL(ABL1)[T315I] 08-093 Full-length 2-1130 NP_005148.2 N-terminal His Insect (sf21) ABL(ABL1) [T315I] BTN BTN-ABL(ABL1)[T315I] 08-493-20N Full-length 2-1130 NP_005148.2 N-terminal DYKDDDDK Insect (sf21) ACK(TNK2) GST ACK(TNK2) 08-196 Catalytic domain
    [Show full text]